Page 1
®
R&S
ESRP
EMI Test Receiver
Getting Started
(=@^ï2)
1316469702
Version 07
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This manual describes the following R&S®ESRP models with firmware version
3.36 and higher:
●
R&S®ESRP3 (1316.4500K03)
●
R&S®ESRP7 (1316.4500K07)
© 2021 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Mühldorfstr. 15, 81671 München, Germany
Phone: +49 89 41 29 - 0
Email: info@rohde-schwarz.com
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change – data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
Trade names are trademarks of the owners.
1316.4697.02 | Version 07 | R&S®ESRP
Throughout this manual, products from Rohde & Schwarz are indicated without the ® symbol , e.g.
R&S®ESRP is indicated as R&S ESRP.
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R&S®ESRP
Contents
1 Safety and Regulatory Information...................................... 9
1.1 Safety Instructions................................................................................9
1.2 Warning Messages in the Documentation........................................14
1.3 Korea certification class A.................................................................15
2 Documentation Overview....................................................16
2.1 Getting Started Manual.......................................................................16
2.2 User Manuals and Help...................................................................... 16
2.3 Service Manual....................................................................................16
Contents
2.4 Instrument Security Procedures....................................................... 17
2.5 Basic Safety Instructions................................................................... 17
2.6 Data Sheets and Brochures............................................................... 17
2.7 Release Notes and Open Source Acknowledgment (OSA).............17
2.8 Application Notes, Application Cards, White Papers, etc...............18
3 Conventions Used in the Documentation......................... 19
3.1 Typographical Conventions............................................................... 19
3.2 Conventions for Procedure Descriptions.........................................19
3.3 Notes on Screenshots........................................................................ 20
4 Instrument Tour................................................................... 21
4.1 The Front Panel...................................................................................21
4.1.1 Touchscreen Display.............................................................................22
4.1.2 Function Keys on the Front Panel.........................................................23
4.1.3 USB Interface........................................................................................26
4.1.4 Noise Source Control............................................................................26
4.1.5 RF Input 50Ω.........................................................................................26
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4.1.6 Probe Power......................................................................................... 27
4.1.7 AF Output..............................................................................................27
4.1.8 Tracking Generator Output (Optional)...................................................27
4.2 Rear Panel View.................................................................................. 28
4.2.1 AC Power Supply Connection and Main Power Switch........................ 29
4.2.2 LAN....................................................................................................... 29
4.2.3 VGA Interface....................................................................................... 29
4.2.4 Ext Trigger / Gate In..............................................................................29
4.2.5 Ref In.................................................................................................... 29
4.2.6 Ref Out..................................................................................................30
4.2.7 GPIB Interface...................................................................................... 30
Contents
4.2.8 Trigger Output.......................................................................................30
4.2.9 IF / Video...............................................................................................30
4.2.10 USB.......................................................................................................31
4.2.11 AUX Port............................................................................................... 31
4.2.12 OCXO option (R&S FSV-B4)................................................................ 31
4.2.13 Device ID.............................................................................................. 32
5 Preparing For Use................................................................33
5.1 Lifting and Carrying............................................................................33
5.2 Unpacking and Checking................................................................... 33
5.3 Choosing the Operating Site............................................................. 34
5.4 Setting up the R&S ESRP...................................................................34
5.5 Placing the R&S ESRP on a Bench Top............................................35
5.6 Mounting the R&S ESRP in a Rack................................................... 36
5.7 Connecting the AC Power..................................................................36
5.8 Connecting to a DC Power Source (Optional)..................................37
5.9 Switching the Instrument On and Off............................................... 38
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5.10 Connecting to LAN............................................................................. 39
5.11 Connecting a Keyboard......................................................................41
5.12 Connecting an External Monitor........................................................41
5.13 Windows Operating System...............................................................42
5.14 Logging On..........................................................................................44
5.15 Checking the Supplied Options.........................................................46
5.16 Performing a Self Alignment and a Self Test....................................46
5.17 Considerations for Test Setup........................................................... 47
Contents
6 Basic Operations................................................................. 49
6.1 Information in the Diagram Area....................................................... 49
6.1.1 Channel Display....................................................................................50
6.1.2 Display of Hardware Settings................................................................51
6.1.3 Measurement Settings Information....................................................... 52
6.1.4 Diagram-specific and Trace Information............................................... 54
6.1.5 Instrument and Status Information........................................................56
6.2 Means of User Interaction.................................................................. 57
6.2.1 Toolbar.................................................................................................. 58
6.2.2 Touchscreen..........................................................................................59
6.2.3 On-screen Keyboard.............................................................................60
6.2.4 Keypad..................................................................................................61
6.2.5 Rotary Knob.......................................................................................... 62
6.2.6 Arrow Keys, UNDO/REDO Keys...........................................................62
6.2.7 Softkeys................................................................................................ 63
6.2.8 Context-sensitive Menus.......................................................................65
6.2.9 Dialog Boxes.........................................................................................66
6.3 Setting Parameters............................................................................. 67
6.3.1 Entering Numeric Parameters...............................................................67
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6.3.2 Entering Alphanumeric Parameters...................................................... 68
6.3.3 Navigating in Dialog Boxes................................................................... 70
6.4 Changing the Display......................................................................... 73
6.4.1 Changing the Focus..............................................................................73
6.4.2 Switching between Split and Maximized Display.................................. 73
6.4.3 Soft and Mini Soft Front Panel Display................................................. 74
6.4.4 Enlarging the Display Area................................................................... 77
6.4.5 Displaying the Toolbar...........................................................................77
6.4.6 Zooming into the Diagram.....................................................................77
6.4.7 Adding a Title to the Diagram Header...................................................80
6.4.8 Removing the Diagram Footer..............................................................80
Contents
6.4.9 Selecting a Theme................................................................................ 80
6.4.10 Displaying and Setting the Date and Time............................................81
6.4.11 Changing the Display Update Rate.......................................................81
7 Basic Measurement Examples........................................... 83
7.1 Measuring a Sinusoidal Signal.......................................................... 83
7.1.1 Measuring the Level and Frequency Using Markers............................ 84
7.1.2 Measuring the Signal Frequency Using the Frequency Counter.......... 87
7.2 Measuring Harmonics of Sinusoidal Signals................................... 88
7.3 Measuring Signal Spectra with Multiple Signals............................. 92
7.3.1 Separating Signals by Selecting the Resolution Bandwidth................. 92
7.3.2 Measuring the Modulation Depth of an AM-Modulated Carrier (Span >
0)...........................................................................................................96
7.3.3 Measuring AM-Modulated Signals........................................................ 97
7.4 Measurements in Zero Span.............................................................. 99
7.4.1 Measuring the Power Characteristic of Burst Signals...........................99
7.4.2 Measuring the Signal-to-Noise Ratio of Burst Signals........................ 104
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7.4.3 Measuring FM-Modulated Signals...................................................... 107
7.5 Storing and Loading Instrument Settings.......................................111
7.5.1 Storing an Instrument Configuration (without Traces).........................111
7.5.2 Storing Traces.....................................................................................112
7.5.3 Loading an Instrument Configuration (with Traces)............................ 112
7.5.4 Configuring Automatic Loading........................................................... 113
Contents
Index....................................................................................114
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Contents
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Safety and Regulatory Information
Safety Instructions
1 Safety and Regulatory Information
The product documentation helps you use the product safely and efficiently. Follow the instructions provided here and in the following chapters.
Intended use
The product is intended for the development, production and verification of electronic components and devices in industrial, administrative, and laboratory environments. Use the product only for its designated purpose. Observe the operating
conditions and performance limits stated in the data sheet.
Where do I find safety information?
Safety information is part of the product documentation. It warns you of potential
dangers and gives instructions on how to prevent personal injury or damage
caused by dangerous situations. Safety information is provided as follows:
●
In Chapter 1.1, "Safety Instructions", on page 9. The same information is
provided in many languages as printed "Safety Instructions". The printed
"Safety Instructions" are delivered with the product.
●
Throughout the documentation, safety instructions are provided when you
need to take care during setup or operation.
1.1 Safety Instructions
Products from the Rohde & Schwarz group of companies are manufactured
according to the highest technical standards. To use the products safely, follow
the instructions provided here and in the product documentation. Keep the product documentation nearby and offer it to other users.
Use the product only for its intended use and within its performance limits. Intended use and limits are described in the product documentation such as the data
sheet, manuals and the printed "Safety Instructions". If you are unsure about the
appropriate use, contact Rohde & Schwarz customer service.
Using the product requires specialists or specially trained personnel. These users
also need sound knowledge of at least one of the languages in which the user
interfaces and the product documentation are available.
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Never open the casing of the product. Only service personnel authorized by
Rohde & Schwarz are allowed to repair the product. If any part of the product is
damaged or broken, stop using the product. Contact Rohde & Schwarz customer
service at http://www.customersupport.rohde-schwarz.com.
Lifting and carrying the product
The maximum weight of the product is provided in the data sheet. To move the
product safely, you can use lifting or transporting equipment such as lift trucks
and forklifts. Follow the instructions provided by the equipment manufacturer.
The product is heavy. Do not move or carry the product by yourself. A single person can only carry a maximum of 18 kg safely depending on age, gender and
physical condition. Look up the maximum weight in the data sheet. Use the product handles to move or carry the product. Do not lift by the accessories mounted
on the product. Accessories are not designed to carry the weight of the product.
Safety and Regulatory Information
Safety Instructions
To move the product safely, you can use lifting or transporting equipment such as
lift trucks and forklifts. Follow the instructions provided by the equipment manufacturer.
Choosing the operating site
Only use the product indoors. The product casing is not waterproof. Water that
enters can electrically connect the casing with live parts, which can lead to electric shock, serious personal injury or death if you touch the casing. If
Rohde & Schwarz provides accessories designed for your product, e.g. a carrying
bag, you can use the product outdoors.
Unless otherwise specified, you can operate the product up to an altitude of
2000 m above sea level. The product is suitable for pollution degree 2 environments where nonconductive contamination can occur. For more information on
environmental conditions such as ambient temperature and humidity, see the
data sheet.
Setting up the product
Always place the product on a stable, flat and level surface with the bottom of the
product facing down. If the product is designed for different positions, secure the
product so that it cannot fall over.
If the product has foldable feet, always fold the feet completely in or out to ensure
stability. The feet can collapse if they are not folded out completely or if the prod-
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uct is moved without lifting it. The foldable feet are designed to carry the weight of
the product, but not an extra load.
If stacking is possible, keep in mind that a stack of products can fall over and
cause injury.
If you mount products in a rack, ensure that the rack has sufficient load capacity
and stability. Observe the specifications of the rack manufacturer. Always install
the products from the bottom shelf to the top shelf so that the rack stands
securely. Secure the product so that it cannot fall off the rack.
Connecting to power
The product is an overvoltage category II product. Connect the product to a fixed
installation used to supply energy-consuming equipment such as household
appliances and similar loads. Keep in mind that electrically powered products
have risks, such as electric shock, fire, personal injury or even death.
Safety and Regulatory Information
Safety Instructions
Take the following measures for your safety:
●
Before switching on the product, ensure that the voltage and frequency indicated on the product match the available power source. If the power adapter
does not adjust automatically, set the correct value and check the rating of the
fuse.
●
If a product has an exchangeable fuse, its type and characteristics are indicated next to the fuse holder. Before changing the fuse, switch off the instrument
and disconnect it from the power source. How to change the fuse is described
in the product documentation.
●
Only use the power cable delivered with the product. It complies with countryspecific safety requirements. Only insert the plug into an outlet with protective
conductor terminal.
●
Only use intact cables and route them carefully so that they cannot be damaged. Check the power cables regularly to ensure that they are undamaged.
Also ensure that nobody can trip over loose cables.
●
If the product needs an external power supply, use the power supply that is
delivered with the product or that is recommended in the product documentation or a power supply that conforms to the country-specific regulations.
●
Only connect the product to a power source with a fuse protection of maximum 20 A.
●
Ensure that you can disconnect the product from the power source at any
time. Pull the power plug to disconnect the product. The power plug must be
easily accessible. If the product is integrated into a system that does not meet
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these requirements, provide an easily accessible circuit breaker at the system
level.
Using laser products
Lasers are classified according to their potential risk. If exposure to the laser
beam is possible, the product is labeled as shown in the table explaining the
safety labels.
Class 1M lasers
Safe for the naked eye. If you look into the laser beam with optical instruments
such as binoculars or eye loupes, you risk damaging your eyes.
Class 2 lasers
If you stare into the beam, you risk damaging your eyes.
Safety and Regulatory Information
Safety Instructions
Handling batteries safely
The product contains exchangeable or built-in lithium polymer or lithium ion cells
or batteries. The use of the word battery in the following always means all types.
Only the battery contents are potentially hazardous. As long as a battery is
undamaged and the seals remain intact, there is no danger.
Impact, shock or heat can cause damage such as dents, punctures and other
deformations. A damaged battery poses a risk of personal injury. Handle a damaged or leaking battery with extreme care. Immediately ventilate the area since
the battery releases harmful gases. If you come into contact with the battery fluid,
immediately remove all contaminated clothing. Irritation can occur if the battery
fluid comes in contact with your skin or eyes. Immediately and thoroughly rinse
your skin or eyes with water and seek medical aid.
For safe handling, follow these rules:
●
Do not short-circuit the battery.
●
Do not mechanically damage the battery. Do not open or disassemble the battery.
●
Do not expose the battery to high temperatures such as open flames, hot surfaces and sunlight.
●
Only use the battery with the designated Rohde & Schwarz product.
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Safety and Regulatory Information
Safety Instructions
●
Only use the appropriate Rohde & Schwarz charger to charge the batteries. If
the batteries are improperly charged, there is a risk of explosion. For charging
and discharging temperature ranges, see the product documentation.
●
Replace exchangeable batteries only with the same battery type.
●
Store the battery in the product or use the product packaging.
●
Dispose of exchangeable batteries separately from normal household waste
as specified by the local waste disposal agency.
If you disregard these rules, you risk serious personal injury or even death due to
explosion, fire or hazardous chemical substances. The product documentation
provides further details.
If exchangeable batteries or products with built-in batteries are defective, contact
the Rohde & Schwarz customer service. Rohde & Schwarz classifies the severity
of the defect. When returning batteries or Rohde & Schwarz products containing
batteries, use a carrier qualified to transport dangerous goods and notify the carrier of this classification. Follow the carrier’s transport stipulations in line with
IATA-DGR, IMDG-Code, ADR or RID.
Connecting headphones
Take the following measures to prevent hearing damage. Before using headphones, check the volume and reduce it if necessary. If you monitor varying signal levels, take off the headphones and wait until the signal has settled. Then
adjust the volume.
Cleaning the product
Use a dry, lint-free cloth to clean the product. When cleaning, keep in mind that
the casing is not waterproof. Do not use liquid cleaning agents.
Meaning of safety labels
Safety labels on the product warn against potential hazards.
Potential hazard
Read the product documentation to avoid personal injury or product damage.
Heavy product
Be careful when lifting, moving or carrying the product. Carrying the product requires
a sufficient number of persons or transport equipment.
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Electrical hazard
Indicates live parts. Risk of electric shock, fire, personal injury or even death.
Hot surface
Do not touch. Risk of skin burns. Risk of fire.
Protective conductor terminal
Connect this terminal to a grounded external conductor or to protective ground. This
connection protects you against electric shock if an electric problem occurs.
Warning: laser beam
The product contains a laser.
Avoid exposure to direct or reflected laser beam.
Safety and Regulatory Information
Warning Messages in the Documentation
1.2 Warning Messages in the Documentation
A warning message points out a risk or danger that you need to be aware of. The
signal word indicates the severity of the safety hazard and how likely it will occur
if you do not follow the safety precautions.
WARNING
Potentially hazardous situation. Could result in death or serious injury if not avoided.
CAUTION
Potentially hazardous situation. Could result in minor or moderate injury if not
avoided.
NOTICE
Potential risks of damage. Could result in damage to the supported product or to
other property.
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Safety and Regulatory Information
Korea certification class A
1.3 Korea certification class A
이 기기는 업무용(A급) 전자파 적합기기로서 판매자 또는 사용자는 이 점을 주의하
시기 바라며, 가정외의 지역에서 사용하는 것을 목적으로 합니다.
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Documentation Overview
Service Manual
2 Documentation Overview
This section provides an overview of the R&S ESRP user documentation. Unless
specified otherwise, you find the documents on the R&S ESRP product page at:
www.rohde-schwarz.com/manual/esrp
2.1 Getting Started Manual
Introduces the R&S ESRP and describes how to set up and start working with the
product. Includes basic operations, typical measurement examples, and general
information, e.g. safety instructions, etc.
A printed version is delivered with the instrument. A PDF version is available for
download on the Internet.
2.2 User Manuals and Help
Contains the description of all instrument modes and functions. It also provides
an introduction to remote control, a complete description of the remote control
commands with programming examples, and information on maintenance, instrument interfaces and error messages. Includes the contents of the getting started
manual.
The contents of the user manuals are available as help in the R&S ESRP. The
help offers quick, context-sensitive access to the complete information.
All user manuals are also available for download or for immediate display on the
Internet.
2.3 Service Manual
Describes the performance test for checking the rated specifications, module
replacement and repair, firmware update, troubleshooting and fault elimination,
and contains mechanical drawings and spare part lists.
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Release Notes and Open Source Acknowledgment (OSA)
The service manual is available for download for registered users on the global
Rohde & Schwarz information system (GLORIS):
https://gloris.rohde-schwarz.com).
Documentation Overview
2.4 Instrument Security Procedures
Deals with security issues when working with the R&S ESRP in secure areas. It is
available for download on the Internet.
2.5 Basic Safety Instructions
Contains safety instructions, operating conditions and further important information. The printed document is delivered with the instrument.
2.6 Data Sheets and Brochures
The data sheet contains the technical specifications of the R&S ESRP. It also lists
the options and their order numbers as well as optional accessories.
The brochure provides an overview of the instrument and deals with the specific
characteristics.
www.rohde-schwarz.com/brochure-datasheet/esrp
2.7 Release Notes and Open Source Acknowledgment (OSA)
The release notes list new features, improvements and known issues of the current firmware version, and describe the firmware installation.
The open source acknowledgment document provides verbatim license texts of
the used open source software.
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Application Notes, Application Cards, White Papers, etc.
www.rohde-schwarz.com/firmware/esrp
Documentation Overview
2.8 Application Notes, Application Cards, White Papers, etc.
These documents deal with special applications or background information on
particular topics.
www.rohde-schwarz.com/application/esrp
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Conventions Used in the Documentation
Conventions for Procedure Descriptions
3 Conventions Used in the Documentation
3.1 Typographical Conventions
The following text markers are used throughout this documentation:
Convention Description
"Graphical user interface
elements"
[Keys] Key and knob names are enclosed by square brackets.
Filenames, commands,
program code
Input Input to be entered by the user is displayed in italics.
Links Links that you can click are displayed in blue font.
"References" References to other parts of the documentation are enclosed by
All names of graphical user interface elements on the screen,
such as dialog boxes, menus, options, buttons, and softkeys are
enclosed by quotation marks.
Filenames, commands, coding samples and screen output are
distinguished by their font.
quotation marks.
3.2 Conventions for Procedure Descriptions
When operating the instrument, several alternative methods may be available to
perform the same task. In this case, the procedure using the touchscreen is
described. Any elements that can be activated by touching can also be clicked
using an additionally connected mouse. The alternative procedure using the keys
on the instrument or the on-screen keyboard is only described if it deviates from
the standard operating procedures.
The term "select" may refer to any of the described methods, i.e. using a finger on
the touchscreen, a mouse pointer in the display, or a key on the instrument or on
a keyboard.
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Conventions Used in the Documentation
Notes on Screenshots
3.3 Notes on Screenshots
When describing the functions of the product, we use sample screenshots. These
screenshots are meant to illustrate as many as possible of the provided functions
and possible interdependencies between parameters. The shown values may not
represent realistic usage scenarios.
The screenshots usually show a fully equipped product, that is: with all options
installed. Thus, some functions shown in the screenshots may not be available in
your particular product configuration.
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Instrument Tour
The Front Panel
4 Instrument Tour
On the instrument tour, you can learn about the different control elements and
connectors on the front and back panel of the R&S ESRP.
4.1 The Front Panel
The front panel of the R&S ESRP is shown in Figure 4-1. Each element (function
keys and connectors) is described in more detail in the subsequent sections.
Figure 4-1: Front panel of the R&S ESRP
1 = Function keys
2 = USB interface
3 = Power button
4 = Display
5 = Access to operating system and online keyboard
6 = Display options
7 = Navigation options for menus
8 = Measurement configuration
9 = Marker functions
10 = Measurement control
11 = Measurement start
12 = Data entry keys
13 = Rotary knob
14 = Navigation keys
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Instrument Tour
The Front Panel
15 = Undo / redo function
16 = AF output incl. volume control
17 = Noise source control
18 = Supply voltage for accessories
19 = Supply voltage for accessories
20 = Tracking generator output
21 = RF input 2
22 = RF input 1
4.1.1 Touchscreen Display
The touchscreen on the front panel of the R&S ESRP displays the measurement
results. Additionally, the screen display provides status and setting information
and allows you to switch between various measurement tasks. The screen is
touch-sensitive, offering an alternative means of user interaction for quick and
easy handling of the instrument.
Figure 4-2: Touchscreen elements
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Instrument Tour
The Front Panel
1 = Toolbar with standard application functions, e.g. print, save/open file etc.
2 = Tabs for individual measurement tasks
3 = Channel information bar for current measurement settings
4 = Diagram header with diagram-specific (trace) information
5 = Measurement results area
6 = Diagram footer with diagram-specific information, depending on measurement mode
7 = Error indicator
8 = Error message, if available
9 = Device status
10 = Progress bar for measurement
11 = Date and time display
12 = Softkeys for menu access
A touchscreen is a screen that is touch-sensitive, i.e. it reacts in a specified way
when a particular element on the screen is tapped by a finger or a pointing
device, for example. Any user interface elements that can be clicked on by a
mouse pointer can also be tapped on the screen to trigger the same behavior,
and vice versa.
Using the touchscreen, the following tasks (among others) can be performed by
the tap of your finger:
●
Changing a setting
●
Changing the display
●
Moving a marker
●
Selecting a new evaluation method
●
Scrolling through a result list
●
Saving or printing results and settings
4.1.2 Function Keys on the Front Panel
A detailed description of the corresponding menus and the other function keys is
provided in chapter 6 "Instrument Functions" of the Operating Manual.
Table 4-1: Function keys
Turns the instrument on and off.
Restores the default configuration of the R&S ESRP.
Provides functionality to save, restore and manage instrument settings
and other files.
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Instrument Tour
The Front Panel
Provides functionality for general instrument configuration, for example:
●
to configure the display
●
to set the date and time
●
to establish a LAN connection
Provides functionality to configure printers and hardcopys.
Displays the online help.
Selects the operating mode or firmware application.
Opens the Windows "Start" menu
Turns the on-screen keyboard on and off. Repeatedly pressing the key
changes the position of the keyboard (top or bottom of the display).
Selects alphanumeric characters.
Opens a dialog box to turn screen elements on or off.
Switches between maximized and split display of focus area.
Switches focus area between table and diagram.
Allows you to define and use softkeys to load custom configurations.
Opens the root menu of the current application.
FREQ (CHANNEL) Provides functionality to define frequency parameters, for example:
●
the center or receiver frequency
●
the frequency offset
(CHANNEL is for special applications)
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Instrument Tour
The Front Panel
SPAN Provides functionality to configure the frequency span.
AMPT (SCALE) Provides functionality to configure amplitude or level characteristics, for
example:
●
the reference level
●
the attenuation
●
the input impedance
●
the scale of the level axis
●
the preamplifier
AUTO SET Provides functionality to automatically define various parameters like the
level or frequency.
BW Provides functionality to define the resolution and video bandwidth.
SWEEP Provides functionality to configure the sweep, for example:
●
the measurement time
●
the number of measurement points
●
the measurement mode (single or continuous measurements)
TRACE Provides functionality to configure data acquisition and analyze mea-
sured data, for example:
●
the trace mode
●
the detector
TRIG Provides functionality to configure triggered and gated measurements,
for example:
MKR Provides functionality to activate and position absolute and relative mark-
ers (markers and delta markers).
PEAK SEARCH Performs a peak search for active markers.
If no marker is active, Marker 1 is activated and the peak search is performed for it.
MKR FUNC Provides additional analysis functions of the measurement markers, for
example:
●
the frequency counter
●
the noise measurement
●
the phase noise measurement
●
the AM/FM audio demodulator
MKR➙ Provides functionality to position and control markers, for example:
●
to position the marker on the center frequency
●
to define the marker search area
●
to configure the peak excursion
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MEAS Provides the measurement functions, for example:
●
the bargraph measurement (in Receiver mode)
●
the scan and final measurement (in Receiver mode)
●
the AF demodulation (in Receiver mode)
●
IF analysis (in Receiver mode with option R&S ESRP-K56)
●
the channel power and ACLR measurement (in Spectrum mode)
●
the occupied bandwidth measurement (in Spectrum mode)
●
the Spectrum Emission Mask (SEM) measurement (in spectrum
mode)
●
the spurious emission measurement (in spectrum mode)
●
the signal statistics (in spectrum mode)
MEAS CONFIG Provides functionality to configure the measurement.
LINES Provides functionality to control display and limit lines.
INPUT/OUTPUT Provides functionality to configure inputs and outputs.
RUN SINGLE Starts a single measurement.
RUN CONT Starts a continuous measurement.
Instrument Tour
The Front Panel
UNDO Reverts the last operation.
REDO Repeats previously reverted operation.
4.1.3 USB Interface
The front panel provides two female USB connectors to connect devices like an
external keyboard or mouse. You can also connect a memory stick to save and
restore instrument settings and measurement data.
4.1.4 Noise Source Control
The noise source control female connector is used to provide the supply voltage
for an external noise source, for example to measure the noise figure and gain of
amplifiers and frequency converting DUTs.
Conventional noise sources require a voltage of +28 V in order to be switched on
and 0 V to be switched off. The output supports a maximum load of 100 mA.
4.1.5 RF Input 50Ω
The R&S ESRP provides an RF input for connection of a device under test (DUT)
to the R&S ESRP. The DUT is connected to the RF Input via cable and an approriate connector (for example a male N connector).
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R&S®ESRP
Instrument Tour
The Front Panel
The RF Input supports a frequency range from 9 kHz to f
range from 0 dB to 70 dB.
With option R&S R&S ESRP-B29, the minimum frequency is extended to 10 Hz.
and an attenuation
max
4.1.6 Probe Power
The R&S ESRP provides two connectors to supply accessories like transducers
or probes with power.
The probe power connector with five pins supports supply voltages of ±10 V and
ground. The maximum permissible current is 200 mA. This probe power connector is suitable, for example, for transducers from Rohde & Schwarz.
The probe power connector with three pins supports supply voltages from +15 V
to -12.6 V and ground. The maximum permissible current is 150 mA. This probe
power connector is suitable, for example, for high-impedance probes from Agilent.
4.1.7 AF Output
Headphones equipped with a miniature jack plug can be connected to the AF output female connector. The internal impedance is 10 Ω. The output voltage can be
set by using the volume control to the right of the female connector. If a plug is
connected, the internal loudspeaker is automatically switched off.
See also "Connecting headphones" on page 13.
4.1.8 Tracking Generator Output (Optional)
The R&S ESRP is equipped with an optional tracking generator and therefore
provides a tracking generator output connector.
The output of the tracking generator is connected to the DUT via a cable equipped with a male N connector. The female connector is available only with the
tracking generator option (R&S FSV-B9).
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R&S®ESRP
Instrument Tour
Rear Panel View
Sensitive DUTs concerning matching
For DUTs with sensitive RF characteristics with regard to matching (VSWR)
at the input, insert a 10 dB attenuator between the DUT and the tracking
generator.
4.2 Rear Panel View
The rear panel of the R&S ESRP is shown in Figure 4-3. Each element is described in more detail in the subsequent sections.
Figure 4-3: R&S ESRP rear panel
1 = LAN interface
2 = Trigger output
3 = IF / Video connector
4 = USB interface
5 = AUX port
6 = External trigger / gate input
7 = VGA interface
8 = Reference in
9 = Reference out
10 = GPIB interface
11 = AC power supply and main switch
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R&S®ESRP
Instrument Tour
Rear Panel View
4.2.1 AC Power Supply Connection and Main Power Switch
The AC power supply connector and main power switch are located in a unit on
the rear panel of the instrument.
The main power switch works as follows.
●
Position "I": The instrument is supplied with power and in operation.
The OCXO reference frequency is warmed up.
●
Position "O": The instrument is disconnected from the AC power supply.
For more information see Chapter 5.7, "Connecting the AC Power", on page 36.
4.2.2 LAN
The LAN interface can be used to connect the R&S ESRP to a local network for
remote control, printouts and data transfer. The assignment of the RJ-45 connector supports twisted-pair category 5 UTP/STP cables in a star configuration (UTP
stands for unshielded twisted pair, and STP for shielded twisted pair).
4.2.3 VGA Interface
The female VGA connector is used to connect an external monitor. Instructions
on how to connect an external monitor are provided in Chapter 5.12, "Connecting
an External Monitor", on page 41.
4.2.4 Ext Trigger / Gate In
The female connector for external trigger or gate input is used to control the measurement by means of an external signal. The voltage levels can range from 0.5
to 3.5 V. The default value is 1.4 V. The typical input impedance is 10 kΩ.
4.2.5 Ref In
As a reference signal, you can either use the internal reference, or connect an
external one. The setup menu is used to switch between the internal and an
external reference. The REF IN female connector is used as an input for a
1-20 MHz reference signal. The required input level is 0-10 dBm.
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R&S®ESRP
Instrument Tour
Rear Panel View
4.2.6 Ref Out
This connector can be used to provide an external reference signal (e.g. the
OCXO) to other devices that are connected to this instrument. The REF OUT
female connector can output a 10 MHz reference signal with an output level of
0 dBm.
4.2.7 GPIB Interface
The GPIB interface is in compliance with IEEE488 and SCPI. A computer for
remote control can be connected via this interface. To set up the connection, a
shielded cable is recommended.
For more information, refer to the user manual.
4.2.8 Trigger Output
The female BNC connector can be used to provide a signal to another device.
The signal is TTL compatible (0 V / 5 V).
You can control the trigger output with the functionality provided in the "In-/
Output" menu ([INPUT/OUTPUT] key).
The trigger output also controls signals by the frequency mask trigger available in
realtime mode (R&S ESR-K55).
4.2.9 IF / Video
The female BNC connector can be used for various outputs:
●
Intermediate frequency (IF) output of 32 MHz
●
Video output (1 V)
You can select between IF and video output with the functionality provided in the
"In-/Output" menu ([INPUT/OUTPUT] key).
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R&S®ESRP
Instrument Tour
Rear Panel View
4.2.10 USB
The rear panel provides two female USB connectors to connect devices like an
external keyboard or mouse. You can also connect a memory stick to save and
restore instrument settings and measurement data.
4.2.11 AUX Port
The 9 pole SUB-D male connector provides control signals for controlling external
devices. The voltage levels are of the TTL type (5 V).
Pin Signal Description
1 +5 V / max. 250 mA Supply voltage for external circuits
2 I/O Control Phase N
3 I/O Controls the 150 kHz highpass fil-
ter
4 I/O Controls Phase L3
5 I/O not used
6 I/O Controls Phase L1
7 I/O Controls Phase L2
8 GND Ground
9 READY FOR TRIGGER Signal indicating that the instru-
ment is ready to receive a trigger
signal (Low active = 0 V)
Short-circuit hazard
Always observe the designated pin assignment. A short-circuit can damage
the port.
4.2.12 OCXO option (R&S FSV-B4)
This option generates a very precise 10 MHz reference signal. If installed, this
signal is used as an internal reference. It can also be used to synchronize other
connected devices via the REF OUT connector.
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R&S®ESRP
Warm-up time for OCXO
When the instrument is switched on, the OCXO requires an extended warmup time (see data sheet).
Instrument Tour
Rear Panel View
4.2.13 Device ID
The unique device identifier is provided as a barcode sticker on the rear panel of
the R&S ESRP.
It consists of the device order number and a serial number.
The serial number is used to define the default instrument name, which is:
<Type><variant>-<serial_number>
For example, ESRP3-123456.
The instrument name is required to establish a connection to the instrument
in a LAN.
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R&S®ESRP
Unpacking and Checking
Preparing For Use
5 Preparing For Use
Here, you can find basic information about setting up the product for the first time.
● Lifting and Carrying......................................................................................... 33
● Unpacking and Checking................................................................................ 33
● Choosing the Operating Site........................................................................... 34
● Setting up the R&S ESRP...............................................................................34
● Placing the R&S ESRP on a Bench Top......................................................... 35
● Mounting the R&S ESRP in a Rack................................................................ 36
● Connecting the AC Power...............................................................................36
● Connecting to a DC Power Source (Optional)................................................ 37
● Switching the Instrument On and Off.............................................................. 38
● Connecting to LAN.......................................................................................... 39
● Connecting a Keyboard...................................................................................41
● Connecting an External Monitor......................................................................41
● Windows Operating System............................................................................42
● Logging On......................................................................................................44
● Checking the Supplied Options.......................................................................46
● Performing a Self Alignment and a Self Test...................................................46
● Considerations for Test Setup.........................................................................47
5.1 Lifting and Carrying
The carrying handles are designed to lift or carry the instrument. Do not apply
excessive external force to the handles.
See "Lifting and carrying the product" on page 10.
5.2 Unpacking and Checking
1. Unpack the R&S ESRP carefully.
2. Retain the original packing material. Use it when transporting or shipping the
R&S ESRP later.
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R&S®ESRP
Setting up the R&S ESRP
3. Using the delivery notes, check the equipment for completeness.
4. Check the equipment for damage.
If the delivery is incomplete or equipment is damaged, contact
Rohde & Schwarz.
Preparing For Use
5.3 Choosing the Operating Site
Specific operating conditions ensure proper operation and avoid damage to the
product and connected devices. For information on environmental conditions
such as ambient temperature and humidity, see the data sheet.
See also "Choosing the operating site" on page 10.
Electromagnetic compatibility classes
The electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) class indicates where you can operate
the product. The EMC class of the product is given in the data sheet under "General data".
●
Class B equipment is suitable for use in:
– Residential environments
– Environments that are directly connected to a low-voltage supply network
that supplies residential buildings
●
Class A equipment is intended for use in industrial environments. It can cause
radio disturbances in residential environments due to possible conducted and
radiated disturbances. It is therefore not suitable for class B environments.
If class A equipment causes radio disturbances, take appropriate measures to
eliminate them.
5.4 Setting up the R&S ESRP
See also:
●
"Setting up the product" on page 10
●
"Intended use" on page 9
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R&S®ESRP
Preparing For Use
Placing the R&S ESRP on a Bench Top
5.5 Placing the R&S ESRP on a Bench Top
To place the product on a bench top
1. Place the product on a stable, flat and level surface. Ensure that the surface
can support the weight of the product. For information on the weight, see the
data sheet.
2. CAUTION! Foldable feet can collapse. See "Setting up the product"
on page 10.
Always fold the feet completely in or out. With folded-out feet, do not place
anything on top or underneath the product.
3. WARNING! A stack of products can fall over and cause injury. Never stack
more than three products on top of each other. Instead, mount them in a rack.
Stack as follows:
● If the products have foldable feet, fold them in completely.
● All products must have the same dimensions (width and length).
● Do not exceed a total load of 50 kg placed on the product at the bottom of
the stack.
Left = Stacked correctly
Middle left = Stacked incorrectly, too many products
Middle right = Stacked incorrectly, different dimensions
Right = Stacked incorrectly, different dimensions, folded-out feet
4. NOTICE! Overheating can damage the product.
Prevent overheating as follows:
● Keep a minimum distance of 10 cm between the fan openings of the prod-
uct and any object in the vicinity.
● Do not place the product next to heat-generating equipment such as radia-
tors or other products.
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R&S®ESRP
Connecting the AC Power
Preparing For Use
5.6 Mounting the R&S ESRP in a Rack
To prepare the rack
1. Observe the requirements and instructions in "Setting up the product"
on page 10.
2. NOTICE! Insufficient airflow can cause overheating and damage the product.
Design and implement an efficient ventilation concept for the rack.
To mount the R&S ESRP in a rack
1. Use an adapter kit to prepare the R&S ESRP for rack mounting.
a) Order the rack adapter kit designed for the R&S ESRP. For the order num-
ber, see the data sheet.
b) Mount the adapter kit. Follow the assembly instructions provided with the
adapter kit.
2. Lift the R&S ESRP to shelf height.
3. Grab the handles and push the R&S ESRP onto the shelf until the rack brackets fit closely to the rack.
4. Tighten all screws in the rack brackets with a tightening torque of 1.2 Nm to
secure the R&S ESRP in the rack.
To unmount the R&S ESRP from a rack
1. Loosen the screws at the rack brackets.
2. Remove the R&S ESRP from the rack.
3. If placing the R&S ESRP on a bench top again, unmount the adapter kit from
the R&S ESRP. Follow the instructions provided with the adapter kit.
5.7 Connecting the AC Power
The R&S ESRP is equipped with an AC power supply connector.
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R&S®ESRP
Connecting to a DC Power Source (Optional)
The R&S ESRP can be used with different AC power voltages and adapts itself
automatically to it. Refer to the datasheet for the requirements of voltage and frequency.
For safety information, see "Connecting to power" on page 11.
To connect the AC power
1. Plug the AC power cable into the AC power connector on the rear panel of the
instrument. Only use the AC power cable delivered with the R&S ESRP.
2. Plug the AC power cable into a power outlet with ground contact.
The required ratings are listed next to the AC power connector and in the data
sheet.
For details on the connector, refer to Chapter 4.2.1, "AC Power Supply Con-
nection and Main Power Switch", on page 29.
3. Install the remaining cables before switching on the product.
Preparing For Use
5.8 Connecting to a DC Power Source (Optional)
You can equip the R&S ESRP with the optional DC power supply adapter (R&S
FSV-B30) and connect it to a DC power source, for example a battery. The DC
power supply adapter allows you to operate the instrument with a DC voltage of
10 V to 28 V.
To connect the DC power
1. Install the DC power supply adapter to the R&S ESRP.
For more information about the installation process, refer to the installation
guide delivered with the adapter.
Using external power supplies to supply the R&S ESRP with DC safety extra
low voltage (SELV) can lead to physical injuries resulting from an electrical
shock.
To avoid physical injuries, make sure the requirements for reinforced or double insulation are met, according to DIN/EN/IEC 61010 (UL61010, CAN CSA
C22.2 No. 61010) or DIN/EN/IEC 60950 (UL60950, CAN CSA C22.2 No.
60950). Use a cable with a maximum length of 3 m.
2. Connect an appropriate DC power cable to the DC power supply adapter.
3. Connect the cable to the DC power source.
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R&S®ESRP
Preparing For Use
Switching the Instrument On and Off
4. Set the switch on the DC power supply adapter to "I".
A green LED indicates that the DC power supply is ready for operation.
Note: The DC power supply switches off automatically in case of overvoltage
or undervoltage.
This state is indicated by means of a red LED.
5.9 Switching the Instrument On and Off
Table 5-1: Overview of power states
Status LED on Power key Position of main power switch
Off
Standby
Ready
gray
orange
green
[0]
[I]
[I]
To switch on the R&S ESRP
The R&S ESRP is off but connected to power.
1. Set the switch on the power supply to position [I].
See Chapter 4.2.1, "AC Power Supply Connection and Main Power Switch",
on page 29.
The LED of the Power key is orange.
See Chapter 4.1.2, "Function Keys on the Front Panel", on page 23.
2. Press the Power key.
See Chapter 4.1.2, "Function Keys on the Front Panel", on page 23.
The LED changes to green.
The R&S ESRP boots.
After booting, the instrument is ready for operation.
Warm-up time for OCXO
When the instrument is switched on, the OCXO requires an extended warmup time (see data sheet).
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R&S®ESRP
To shut down the product
The product is in the ready state.
► Press the [Power] key.
The operating system shuts down. The LED changes to orange.
If the instrument temperature exceeds the limit specified in the data sheet,
the R&S ESRP automatically shuts down to protect the instrument from
damage.
To disconnect from power
The R&S ESRP is in the standby state.
1. NOTICE! Risk of data loss. If you disconnect the product from power when it
is in the ready state, you can lose settings and data. Shut it down first.
Preparing For Use
Connecting to LAN
Set the switch on the power supply to position [0].
See Chapter 4.2.1, "AC Power Supply Connection and Main Power Switch",
on page 29.
The LED of the Power key is switched off.
2. Disconnect the R&S ESRP from the power source.
5.10 Connecting to LAN
You can connect the instrument to a LAN for remote operation via a PC.
For details on the connector, see Chapter 4.2.2, "LAN", on page 29.
Provided the network administrator has assigned you the appropriate rights and
adapted the Windows firewall configuration, you can use the interface, for example:
●
To transfer data between a controlling device and the test device, e.g. to run a
remote control program
●
To access or control the measurement from a remote computer using the
"Remote Desktop" application (or a similar tool)
●
To connect external network devices (e.g. printers)
●
To transfer data from a remote computer and back, e.g. using network folders
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R&S®ESRP
Network environment
Before connecting the product to a local area network (LAN), consider the following:
●
Install the latest firmware to reduce security risks.
●
For internet or remote access, use secured connections, if applicable.
●
Ensure that the network settings comply with the security policies of your company. Contact your local system administrator or IT department before connecting your product to your company LAN.
●
When connected to the LAN, the product may potentially be accessed from
the internet, which may be a security risk. For example, attackers might misuse or damage the product. For more information about IT security and how to
operate the product in a secure LAN environment, see the Rohde & Schwarz
white paper 1EF96: Malware Protection Windows 10.
Preparing For Use
Connecting to LAN
► NOTICE! Risk of network failure.
Consult your network administrator before performing the following tasks:
● Connecting the instrument to the network
● Configuring the network
● Changing IP addresses
● Exchanging hardware
Errors can affect the entire network.
Connect the R&S ESRP to the LAN via the LAN interface on the rear panel of
the instrument.
Windows automatically detects the network connection and activates the
required drivers.
By default, the R&S ESRP is configured to use DHCP and no static IP
address is configured.
The default instrument name is <Type><variant>-<serial_number>, for
example, ESRP3-123456. For information on determining the serial number,
see Chapter 4.2.13, "Device ID", on page 32.
For more information on LAN configuration, see the R&S ESRP user manual.
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R&S®ESRP
Connecting an External Monitor
Preparing For Use
5.11 Connecting a Keyboard
The keyboard is detected automatically when it is connected. The default input
language is English – US.
To configure the keyboard language
1. To access the Windows operating system, press the Windows key on the
external keyboard.
2. Select "Start > Settings > Time & language > Region & language > Add a language" .
5.12 Connecting an External Monitor
You can connect an external monitor to the "MONITOR" connector on the instrument's rear panel.
For details on the connector refer to Chapter 4.2.3, "VGA Interface", on page 29.
1. Connect the external monitor to the R&S ESRP.
2. Press the [SETUP] key.
3. Press the "General Setup" softkey.
4. Press the "More" softkey.
5. Press the "Configure Monitor" softkey.
The configuration of the connected monitor is determined and displayed in the
standard Windows configuration dialog box.
6. In the configuration dialog box, you can switch from the internal monitor (laptop icon) to the external monitor (monitor icon), or both (double monitor icon).
If the external monitor is selected, the R&S ESRP display is disabled. The
screen content (measurement screen) formerly displayed on the R&S ESRP
is displayed on the external screen. If you select both monitors, the
R&S ESRP screen and the external screen are both active.
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R&S®ESRP
Windows Operating System
Preparing For Use
5.13 Windows Operating System
The instrument contains the Windows 7 operating system which has been configured according to the instrument's features and needs. Changes in the system
setup are only required when peripherals like a keyboard or a printer are installed
or if the network configuration does not comply with the default settings. After the
R&S ESRP is started, the operating system boots and the instrument firmware is
started automatically.
Tested software
The drivers and programs used on the instrument under Windows 7 are adapted
to the instrument. Only install update software released by Rohde & Schwarz to
modify existing instrument software.
You can install additional software on the instrument; however, additional software can impair instrument function. Thus, run only programs that
Rohde & Schwarz has tested for compatibility with the instrument software.
The following program packages have been tested:
●
Symantec Endpoint Security – virus-protection software
●
FileShredder - for reliable deletion of files on the hard disk
Service packs and updates
Microsoft regularly creates security updates and other patches to protect Windows-based operating systems. They are released through the Microsoft Update
website and associated update server. Update instruments using Windows regularly, especially instruments that connect to a network.
Firewall settings
A firewall protects an instrument by preventing unauthorized users from gaining
access to it through a network. Rohde & Schwarz highly recommends using the
firewall on your instrument. Rohde & Schwarz instruments are shipped with the
Windows firewall enabled. All ports and connections for remote control are
enabled.
Note that changing firewall settings requires administrator rights.
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R&S®ESRP
Windows Operating System
Virus protection
Take appropriate steps to protect your instruments from infection. Use strong firewall settings and scan any removable storage device used with a
Rohde & Schwarz instrument regularly. It is also recommended that you install
anti-virus software on the instrument. Rohde & Schwarz does NOT recommend
running anti-virus software in the background ("on-access" mode) on Windowsbased instruments, due to potentially degrading instrument performance. However, Rohde & Schwarz does recommend running it during non-critical hours.
For details and recommendations, see the following Rohde & Schwarz white
paper:
●
1EF96: Malware Protection Windows 10
To access the "Start" menu
The Windows "Start" menu provides access to the Windows 7 functionality and
installed programs.
Preparing For Use
► Press the "Windows" key on the front panel, or press the "Windows" key or
the [CTRL + ESC] key combination on the (external) keyboard.
The "Start" menu and the Windows taskbar are displayed.
The Windows taskbar also provides quick access to commonly used programs, for example Paint or WordPad. IECWIN, the auxiliary remote control
tool provided free of charge and installed by Rohde & Schwarz, is also available from the taskbar or "Start" menu.
For details on the IECWIN tool, see the "Network and Remote Control"
chapter of the R&S ESRP user manual.
All necessary system settings can be defined in the "Start > Settings" menu.
For required settings, refer to the Windows 7 documentation and to the hardware
description.
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R&S®ESRP
Preparing For Use
Logging On
5.14 Logging On
Windows 7 requires that users identify themselves by entering a user name and
password in a login window. By default, the R&S ESRP provides two user
accounts:
●
"NormalUser": a standard user account with limited access
●
"Instrument": an administrator account with unrestricted access to the computer/domain
Some administrative tasks require administrator rights (e.g. the configuration of a
LAN network). Refer to the description of the basic instrument Setup ([Setup]
menu) to find out which functions are affected.
Passwords
For all default user accounts, the initial password is 894129. Note that this password is very weak, and we recommend changing the password for both users
after initial login. An administrator can change the password in Windows 7 for any
user at any time via "Start" > "Settings" > "Account" > "SignIn Options" > "Password" > "Change".
Auto-login
When shipped, the instrument automatically logs on the default "Instrument" user
to Windows 7 using the default password. This function is active until an administrator explicitly deactivates it or changes the password.
Changing the password and use of auto-login function
Note that when you change the default password, the default auto-login
function no longer works!
In this case, you must enter the new password manually to log on.
Deactivating the automatic login function
1. Select the "Windows" icon on the front panel to access the operating system
of the R&S ESRP (see also "To access the "Start" menu" on page 43).
2. In the Windows "Start" menu, select "Run".
The "Run" dialog box is displayed.
3. Enter the command C:\R_S\INSTR\USER\NO_AUTOLOGIN.REG.
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R&S®ESRP
4. Press the [ENTER] key to confirm.
The auto-login function is reactivated with the changed password. It will be
applied the next time the instrument is switched on.
Adapting the auto-login function to a new password
If you change the password that is used during auto-login, this function no longer
works. Adapt the settings for the auto-login function first.
1. Select the "Windows" icon on the front panel to access the operating system
of the R&S ESRP (see also "To access the "Start" menu" on page 43).
2. Open the C:\R_S\INSTR\USER\NO_AUTOLOGIN.REG file in any text editor
(e.g. Notepad).
3. In the line "DefaultPassword"="894129", replace the default password
(894129) by the new password for automatic login.
Preparing For Use
Logging On
4. Save the changes to the file.
5. In the Windows "Start" menu, select "Run".
The "Run" dialog box is displayed.
6. Enter the command C:\R_S\INSTR\USER\AUTOLOGIN.REG.
7. Press the [ENTER] key to confirm.
The auto-login function is reactivated with the changed password. It will be
applied the next time the instrument is switched on.
Switching users when using the auto-login function
Which user account is used is defined during login. If auto-login is active, the
login window is not displayed. However, you can switch the user account to be
used even when the auto-login function is active.
1. Select the "Windows" icon on the front panel to access the operating system
of the R&S ESRP (see also "To access the "Start" menu" on page 43).
2. Press [CTRL] + [ALT] + [DEL], then select "Sign out".
The "Login" dialog box is displayed, in which you can enter the different user
account name and password.
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Performing a Self Alignment and a Self Test
Preparing For Use
5.15 Checking the Supplied Options
The instrument may be equipped with both hardware and firmware options. In
order to check whether the installed options correspond to the options indicated
on the delivery note, proceed as follows.
1. Press the [SETUP] key.
2. Press the "System Info" softkey.
3. Press the "Versions + Options" softkey.
A list with hardware and firmware information is displayed.
4. Check the availability of the hardware options as indicated in the delivery
note.
For an overview of the available options, refer to the datasheet.
5.16 Performing a Self Alignment and a Self Test
Operating temperature
Before performing this functional test, make sure that the instrument has
reached its operating temperature (for details, refer to the data sheet).
Performing a self alignment
1. Press the [SETUP] key.
2. Press the "Alignment" softkey.
3. Press the "Self Alignment" softkey.
Once the system correction values have been calculated successfully, a message is displayed.
To display the alignment results again later
●
Press the [SETUP] key.
●
Press the "Alignment" softkey.
●
Press the "Show Align Results" softkey.
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Considerations for Test Setup
Performing a self test
The self test does not need to be repeated every time the instrument is switched
on. It is only necessary when instrument malfunction is suspected.
1. Press the [SETUP] key.
2. Press the "More" softkey.
3. Press the "Service" softkey.
4. Press the "Selftest" softkey.
Once the instrument modules have been checked successfully, a message is
displayed.
Preparing For Use
5.17 Considerations for Test Setup
Cable selection and electromagnetic interference (EMI)
Electromagnetic interference (EMI) can affect the measurement results.
To suppress electromagnetic radiation during operation:
●
Use high-quality shielded cables, for example, double-shielded RF and LAN
cables.
●
Always terminate open cable ends.
●
Ensure that connected external devices comply with EMC regulations.
Preventing electrostatic discharge (ESD)
Electrostatic discharge is most likely to occur when you connect or disconnect a
DUT.
► NOTICE! Risk of electrostatic discharge. Electrostatic discharge can damage
the electronic components of the product and the device under test (DUT).
Ground yourself to prevent electrostatic discharge damage:
a) Use a wrist strap and cord to connect yourself to ground.
b) Use a conductive floor mat and heel strap combination.
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Considerations for Test Setup
Signal input and output levels
Information on signal levels is provided in the data sheet and on the instrument,
next to the connector. Keep the signal levels within the specified ranges to avoid
damage to the R&S ESRP and connected devices.
Preparing For Use
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Information in the Diagram Area
Basic Operations
6 Basic Operations
This chapter gives an overview on how to work with the R&S ESRP. It describes
what kind of information is displayed in the diagram area, how to operate the
R&S ESRP via the front panel keys and other interaction methods, and how to
use the Online Help.
Remote control
In addition to working with the R&S ESRP interactively, located directly at
the instrument, it is also possible to operate and control it from a remote PC.
Various methods for remote control are supported:
●
Connecting the instrument to a (LAN) network
●
Using the web browser interface in a LAN network
●
Using the Windows Remote Desktop application in a LAN network
●
Connecting a PC via the GPIB interface
How to configure the remote control interfaces is described in the
R&S ESRP user manual.
6.1 Information in the Diagram Area
The following figure shows a measurement diagram during analyzer operation. All
different information areas are labeled. They are explained in more detail in the
following sections.
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Basic Operations
Information in the Diagram Area
1 = Operation mode tabs
2 = Hardware information
3 = Header of the result display containing trace information
4 = Result display
5 = Footer of the result display containing general measurement settings
6 = Calibration status
7 = Error messages
8 = Measurement status information
9 = Measurement progress bar
10 = Date and time
11 = Softkeys
6.1.1 Channel Display
Using the R&S ESRP you can handle several different measurement tasks (channels) at the same time (although they can only be performed asynchronously).
For each channel, a separate tab is displayed on the screen. In order to switch
from one channel display to another, simply press the corresponding tab.
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Basic Operations
Information in the Diagram Area
The icon on the tab label indicates that the displayed trace no longer
matches the current instrument settings. This may be the case, for example,
if a trace is frozen and the instrument settings are changed. As soon as a
new measurement is performed, the icon disappears.
To start a new channel
1. Click the icon in the toolbar at the top of the screen (see also Chapter 6.2.1,
"Toolbar", on page 58 on how to display the toolbar).
2. Select the softkey for the required measurement mode.
A new tab is displayed for the new channel.
6.1.2 Display of Hardware Settings
Information on hardware settings are displayed in the channel bar above the diagram.
Invalid settings
A bullet next to the hardware setting indicates that user-defined settings are
used, not automatic settings. A green bullet indicates this setting is valid and
the measurement is correct. A red bullet indicates an invalid setting that
does not provide useful results.
It is the user's responsibility to remedy such a situation.
Editing settings in the channel bar
All settings that are displayed in the channel bar can easily be edited by
touching the setting in the display (with a finger or mouse pointer). The corresponding (edit) dialog box is displayed where you can edit the setting.
In receiver mode, the R&S ESRP shows the following settings:
Demod Active AF demodulation.
Input Type of coupling currently used.
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Information in the Diagram Area
RBW Resolution bandwidth currently used.
Att Current (RF) attenuation level.
MT Measurement time currently used.
Preamp Current preamplification level.
SGL Current scan count.
Step Current frequency step mode.
no label Active transducer factor.
no label Active LISN.
In spectrum mode, the R&S ESRP shows the following settings:
Ref Level Reference level
Att RF attenuation level.
Ref Offset Reference level offset
SWT Sweep time that has been set.
If the sweep time does not correspond to the value for automatic
coupling, a bullet is displayed in front of the field. The color of the
bullet turns red if the sweep time is set below the value for automatic coupling. In addition, the UNCAL flag is shown. In this case,
the sweep time must be increased.
RBW Resolution bandwidth that has been set.
If the bandwidth does not correspond to the value for automatic
coupling, a green bullet appears in front of the field.
VBW Video bandwidth that has been set.
If the bandwidth does not correspond to the value for automatic
coupling, a green bullet is displayed in front of the field.
Compatible Compatible device mode (FSP, FSU, default; default not dis-
played)
Mode Indicates which sweep mode type is selected:
●
"Auto FFT": automatically selected FFT sweep mode
●
"Auto sweep": automatically selected swept sweep mode
●
"FFT": manually selected FFT sweep mode
●
"Sweep": manually selected swept sweep mode
6.1.3 Measurement Settings Information
In addition to the common hardware settings, the channel bar above the diagram
also displays information on instrument settings that affect the measurement
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Basic Operations
Information in the Diagram Area
results even though this is not immediately apparent from the display of the measured values. This information is displayed in gray font and only when applicable
for the current measurement, as opposed to the common hardware settings that
are always displayed.
In Receiver mode, the R&S ESRP shows the following information.
TRG Trigger source
(for details see trigger settings in the "TRIG" menu in the Operating manual)
●
EXT: External
●
VID: Video
75 Ω The input impedance of the instrument is set to 75 Ω.
In Spectrum mode, the following types of information may be displayed, if applicable.
Label Description
SGL The sweep is set to single sweep mode.
Sweep Count The current signal count for measurement tasks that involve a specific number
of subsequent sweeps
(see "Sweep Count" setting in "Sweep" menu in the Operating manual)
TRG Trigger source
(for details see trigger settings in the "TRIG" menu in the Operating manual)
●
EXT: External
●
VID: Video
●
RFP: RF power
●
IFP: IF power
●
TIM: Time
●
SQL: Squelch
6dB/RRC/CHNFilter type for sweep bandwidth
(see BW menu in the Operating manual)
PA The preamplifier is activated.
GAT The frequency sweep is controlled via the [EXT TRIG/GATE IN] connector.
TDF A transducer factor is activated.
75 Ω The input impedance of the instrument is set to 75 Ω.
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Basic Operations
Information in the Diagram Area
Label Description
FRQ A frequency offset ≠ 0 Hz is set.
DC/AC An external DC or AC calibration signal is in use.
Inp Input source: digital I/Q (option R&S FSV-B17 only)
6.1.4 Diagram-specific and Trace Information
Diagram-specific information, e.g. concerning traces, is indicated in the diagram
header and footer.
Trace information in diagram header
The diagram header (above the diagram) contains the following trace information:
The header may contain a user-defined introductory title, see Chapter 6.4.7,
"Adding a Title to the Diagram Header", on page 80.
Editing settings in the diagram header
All settings that are displayed in the diagram header can easily be edited by
selecting the setting in the display (by tapping or clicking). The corresponding (edit) dialog box is displayed in which you can edit the setting.
Norm/NCor
Correction data is not used.
Trace color
Trace no.
Color of trace display in diagram
Trace number (1 to 6)
Detector
AP AUTOPEAK detector
Pk MAX PEAK detector
Mi MIN PEAK detector
Selected detector:
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Basic Operations
Information in the Diagram Area
Trace Mode
Sa SAMPLE detector
Av AVERAGE detector
Rm RMS detector
QP QUASIPEAK detector
CA CISPR Average detector
RA RMS Average detector
Clrw CLEAR/WRITE
Max MAX HOLD
Min MIN HOLD
Avg AVERAGE (Lin/Log/Pwr)
View VIEW
Sweep mode:
Marker information in Diagram Grid
The x and y axis positions of the last 2 markers or delta markers that were set, as
well as their index, are displayed within the diagram grid, if available. The value in
the square brackets after the index indicates the trace to which the marker is
assigned. (Example: M1[1] defines marker 1 on trace 1.) For more than 2 markers, a separate marker table is displayed beneath the diagram.
If applicable, the active measurement function for the marker and its main results
are indicated, as well. The functions are indicated with the following abbreviations:
FXD Reference fixed marker active
PHNoise Phase noise measurement active
CNT Frequency counter active
TRK Signal track active
NOIse Noise measurement active
MDepth Measurement of the AM modulation depth active
TOI TOI measurement active
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Basic Operations
Information in the Diagram Area
Marker Information in Marker Table
In addition to the marker information displayed within the diagram grid, a separate
marker table may be displayed beneath the diagram. This table provides the following information for all active markers:
Type Marker type: N (normal), D (delta), T (temporary, internal), PWR
(power sensor)
Dgr Diagram number
Trc Trace to which the marker is assigned
Stimulus x-value of the marker
Response y-value of the marker
Func Activated marker or measurement function
Func .Result Result of the active marker or measurement function
Mode-dependant Information in Diagram Footer
The diagram footer (beneath the diagram) contains the following information,
depending on the current mode:
Mode Label Information
FREQ CF Center frequency (between start and stop)
SPAN CF (1.0 ms/) Zero span
Span Frequency span
For most modes, the number of sweep points shown in the display are indicated
in the diagram footer. In zoom mode, the (rounded) number of currently displayed
points are indicated.
The diagram footer can be removed from the display temporarily, see Chap-
ter 6.4.8, "Removing the Diagram Footer", on page 80.
6.1.5 Instrument and Status Information
Global instrument settings, the instrument status and any irregularities are indicated in the status bar beneath the diagram.
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Means of User Interaction
Hiding the status bar
You can hide the status bar display, e.g. in order to enlarge the display area
for the measurement results.
1. Press the [DISPLAY] key.
2. In the "Display Settings" dialog box, select "Status Bar State: Off".
The status bar is no longer displayed.
●
To display the status bar again, select "Status Bar State: On".
SCPI command:
DISP:SBAR:STAT OFF
The following information is displayed:
Basic Operations
Instrument status
The instrument is configured for operation with an external reference.
Progress
The progress of the current operation is displayed in the status bar.
Date and time
The date and time settings of the instrument are displayed in the status bar.
6.2 Means of User Interaction
The instrument provides a user interface for operation that does not require an
external keyboard, using the following means of interaction:
●
Chapter 6.2.1, "Toolbar", on page 58
●
Chapter 6.2.2, "Touchscreen", on page 59
●
Chapter 6.2.3, "On-screen Keyboard", on page 60
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Means of User Interaction
●
Chapter 6.2.5, "Rotary Knob", on page 62
●
Chapter 6.2.6, "Arrow Keys, UNDO/REDO Keys", on page 62
●
Chapter 6.2.7, "Softkeys", on page 63
●
Chapter 6.2.9, "Dialog Boxes", on page 66
All tasks necessary to operate the instrument can be performed using this user
interface. Apart from instrument specific keys, all other keys that correspond to an
external keyboard (e.g. arrow keys, ENTER key) operate conform to Microsoft.
For most tasks, there are at least 2 alternative methods to perform them:
●
Using the touchscreen
●
Using other elements provided by the front panel, e.g. the keypad, rotary
knob, or arrow and position keys
Basic Operations
6.2.1 Toolbar
Standard functions can be performed via the icons in the toolbar at the top of the
screen, if available (see Chapter 6, "Basic Operations", on page 49). By default,
this toolbar is not displayed.
Displaying the toolbar
► Press the "Toolbar" icon to the right of the tabs in the display to toggle the
toolbar on or off.
Alternatively:
1. Press the [SETUP] key.
2. Press the "Display Setup" softkey.
3. Press the "Tool Bar State On/Off" softkey.
Or:
4. Press the [DISPLAY] key.
5. In the "Display Settings" dialog box, select "Tool Bar State: On".
The toolbar is displayed at the top of the screen.
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Remote:
DISP:TBAR:STAT ON
The following functions are available:
Table 6-1: Standard Application Functions in the Toolbar
Icon Description
Opens the "Select Mode" menu (see Chapter 6.1.1, "Channel Display", on page 50)
Opens an existing measurement (settings) file
Stores the current measurement file
Prints the current measurement screen
Saves the current measurement screen as a file (screenshot)
Reverts last operation.
Repeats previously reverted operation.
Basic Operations
Means of User Interaction
Selection mode: the cursor can be used to select (and move) markers in a zoomed
display
Zoom mode: displays a dotted rectangle in the diagram that can be expanded to
define the zoom area. Can be repeated several times.
Zoom off: the diagram is displayed in its original size
6.2.2 Touchscreen
A touchscreen is a screen that is touch-sensitive, i.e. it reacts in a specified way
when a particular element on the screen is tapped by a finger or a pointing
device, for example. Any user interface elements that can be clicked on by a
mouse pointer can also be tapped on the screen to trigger the same behavior,
and vice versa. Using the touchscreen, the following tasks (amoung others) can
be performed by the tap of your finger:
●
Changing a setting
●
Changing the display
●
Moving a marker
●
Zooming into a diagram
●
Saving or printing results and settings
To imitate a right-click by mouse using the touchscreen, for example to open a
context-sensitive menu for a specific item, press the screen for about 1 second.
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Means of User Interaction
Deactivating and Activating the Touchscreen Function
The touchscreen function can be deactivated, e.g. when the instrument is being
used for demonstration purposes and tapping the screen should not provoke an
action.
1. Press the [DISPLAY] key.
2. In the dialog box, select one of the following options:
● "Touchscreen ON": touchscreen function is active for the entire screen
● "Touchscreen OFF": touchscreen is deactivated for the entire screen
● "DIAGRAM TOUCH OFF": touchscreen is deactivated for the diagram
area of the screen, but active for the surrounding softkeys, toolbars and
menus.
SCPI command:
Basic Operations
DISP:TOUCh:STAT OFF
6.2.3 On-screen Keyboard
The on-screen keyboard is an additional means of interacting with the instrument
without having to connect an external keyboard.
The on-screen keyboard display can be switched on and off as desired using the
"On-Screen Keyboard" function key beneath the screen.
When you press this key, the display switches between the following options:
●
Keyboard displayed at the top of the screen
●
Keyboard displayed at the bottom of the screen
●
No keyboard displayed
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You can use the TAB key on the on-screen keyboard to move the focus from
one field to another in dialog boxes.
6.2.4 Keypad
Basic Operations
Means of User Interaction
The keypad is used to enter alphanumeric parameters. It contains
the following keys:
●
Alphanumeric keys
Enters numbers and (special) characters in edit dialog boxes.
For details refer to Chapter 6.3.1, "Entering Numeric Parame-
ters", on page 67 and Chapter 6.3.2, "Entering Alphanumeric
Parameters", on page 68.
●
Decimal point
Inserts a decimal point "." at the cursor position.
●
Sign key
Changes the sign of a numeric parameter. In the case of an alphanumeric
parameter, inserts a "-" at the cursor position.
●
Unit keys (GHz/-dBm MHz/dBm, kHz/dB and Hz/dB)
These keys add the selected unit to the entered numeric value and complete
the entry.
In the case of level entries (e.g. in dB) or dimensionless values, all units have
the value "1" as mulitplying factor. Thus, they have the same function as an
ENTER key. The same is true for an alphanumeric entry.
●
ESC key
Closes all kinds of dialog boxes, if the edit mode is not active. Quits the edit
mode, if the edit mode is active. In dialog boxes that contain a "Cancel" button
it activates that button.
For "Edit" dialog boxes the following mechanism is used:
– If data entry has been started, it retains the original value and closes the
dialog box.
– If data entry has not been started or has been completed, it closes the dia-
log box.
●
BACKSPACE key
– If an alphanumeric entry has already been started, this key deletes the
character to the left of the cursor.
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Means of User Interaction
– If no input field is currently active, the most recently entered value is
undone, i.e. the previous value is retrieved. Thus, you can toggle between
two values (e.g. spans).
●
ENTER key
– Concludes the entry of dimensionless entries. The new value is accepted.
– With other entries, this key can be used instead of the "Hz/dB" unit key.
– In a dialog box, presses the default or focused button.
– In a dialog box, activates the edit mode for the focused area, if available.
For details on the edit mode refer to Chapter 6.3.3, "Navigating in Dialog
Boxes", on page 70.
– In a dialog box, activates or deactivates the selected option of the focused
area, if the edit mode is active.
6.2.5 Rotary Knob
The rotary knob has several functions:
●
Increments (clockwise direction) or decrements (counter-clockwise
direction) the instrument parameter at a defined step width in the
case of a numeric entry.
●
Shifts the selection bar within focused areas (e.g. lists), if the edit
mode is activated.
●
Shifts markers, limit lines, etc on the screen.
●
Acts like the ENTER key, when it is pressed. For details refer to
Chapter 6.3.3, "Navigating in Dialog Boxes", on page 70.
●
Moves the scroll bar vertically, if the scroll bar is focused and the
edit mode is activated.
For details on the edit mode refer to Chapter 6.3.3, "Navigating in Dia-
log Boxes", on page 70.
6.2.6 Arrow Keys, UNDO/REDO Keys
The arrow keys are used for navigation. The [UNDO]/[REDO] keys support you
during input.
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Means of User Interaction
UPARROW/DNARROW keys
The [UPARROW] or [DNARROW] keys do the following:
●
In a numeric edit dialog box, increase or decrease the instrument parameter.
●
In a list, scroll forward and backward through the list entries.
●
In a table, move the selection bar vertically.
●
In windows or dialog boxes with vertical scroll bar, move the scroll bar.
LEFTARROW/RIGHTARROW keys
The [LEFTARROW] or [RIGHTARROW] keys do the following:
●
In an alphanumeric edit dialog box, move the cursor.
●
In a list, scroll forward and backward through the list entries.
●
In a table, move the selection bar horizontally.
Basic Operations
●
In windows or dialog boxes with horizontal scroll bar, move the scroll bar.
UNDO/REDO keys
●
The [UNDO] key reverts the previously performed action, i.e. the status before
the previous action is retrieved.
The undo function is useful, for example, if you are performing a zero span
measurement with several markers and a limit line defined and accidentally
click the "ACP" softkey. In this case, very many settings would be lost. However, if you press [UNDO] immediately afterwards, the previous status is
retrieved, i.e. the zero span measurement and all settings.
●
The [REDO] key repeats the previously reverted action, i.e. the most recently
performed action is repeated.
The [UNDO] function is not available after a [PRESET] or "RECALL" operation. When these functions are used, the history of previous actions is
deleted.
6.2.7 Softkeys
Softkeys are virtual keys provided by the software. Thus, more functions can be
provided than those that can be accessed directly via the function keys on the
device. Softkeys are dynamic, i.e. depending on the selected function key, a different list of softkeys is displayed on the right side of the screen
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Means of User Interaction
A list of softkeys for a certain function key is also called a menu. Each softkey can
either represent a specific function, or a submenu that in turn represents several
softkeys.
Selecting softkeys
► A particular softkey is selected by pressing the key on the screen with a finger,
mouse pointer or other pointing device.
Softkeys can only be operated via the screen, there are (usually) no corresponding function keys.
Navigating in softkey menus
●
The "More" softkey indicates that the menu contains more softkeys than can
be displayed at once on the screen. When pressed, it displays the next set of
softkeys.
Basic Operations
●
If the softkey label contains a ">" symbol, it represents a submenu of further
softkeys. When you press it, the submenu is displayed.
●
The "Up" key switches to the next higher level of the menu.
●
The start menu of the current measurement mode is accessed directly by
pressing the [HOME] key on the front panel.
Softkey actions
A softkey performs one of the following actions when pressed:
●
Opens a dialog box to enter data.
●
Switches a function on or off.
●
Opens a submenu (only softkeys with a ">" symbol).
Recognizing the softkey status by color
In the factory configuration, a softkey is highlighted orange when a corresponding
dialog box is open. If it is a toggle softkey, the current state is highlighted blue. If
an instrument function is not available temporarily due to a specific setting, the
associated softkey is deactivated and its text is colored gray.
Some softkeys belong to a certain (firmware) option. If this option is not implemented in your device, the associated softkeys are not displayed.
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Means of User Interaction
Hiding softkeys
You can hide the softkey display, e.g. when using remote control, in order to
enlarge the display area for the measurement results. When you press a function
key on the front panel, the softkeys are displayed temporarily, enabling you to
perform a certain task with the softkeys. They are then automatically hidden again
when they have not been used for a specified time. Any edit dialog boxes
required for entry remain in the display.
1. Press the [DISPLAY] key.
2. In the "Display Settings" dialog box, select "Softkey Bar State: Off".
The softkeys are no longer displayed.
► To display the softkeys again, select "Softkey Bar State: On".
Remote:
Basic Operations
DISP:SKEY:STAT OFF
6.2.8 Context-sensitive Menus
Markers and traces in the display, as well as the information in the channel bar,
have context-sensitive menus. If you right-click on a marker or trace in the display, or information in the channel bar (or touch it for about 1 second), a menu is
displayed which contains the same functions as the corresponding softkey. This is
useful, for example, when the softkey display is hidden (see Chapter 6.2.7, "Soft-
keys", on page 63).
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Means of User Interaction
If a menu entry contains an arrow to the right of it, a submenu is available for that
entry.
► To close the menu, press the ESC key or click in the display outside of the
menu.
6.2.9 Dialog Boxes
In most cases, the R&S ESRP dialog boxes are designed to enter a numeric
value. In the documentation, these dialog boxes are called "edit dialog boxes".
Dialog boxes that are not only designed for parameter entry have a more complex
structure and, in the documentation, are called "dialog boxes". The navigation in
Windows dialog boxes differs in some aspects from the navigation in R&S ESRP
dialog boxes. For details, see Chapter 6.3.3, "Navigating in Dialog Boxes",
on page 70.
The following figure shows an example of a edit dialog box:
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Figure 6-1: Edit dialog box for parameter entry
The title bar shows the name of the parameter that was selected. The entry is
performed in the editing line. When the dialog box is displayed, the focus is on the
editing line and it contains the currently used parameter value and its unit. The
optional third line shows status and error messages which always refer to the current entry.
Basic Operations
Setting Parameters
6.3 Setting Parameters
This section describes how to perform the following basic tasks in the
R&S ESRP:
●
Chapter 6.3.1, "Entering Numeric Parameters", on page 67
●
Chapter 6.3.2, "Entering Alphanumeric Parameters", on page 68
●
Chapter 6.3.3, "Navigating in Dialog Boxes", on page 70
6.3.1 Entering Numeric Parameters
If a field requires numeric input, the keypad provides only numbers.
1. Enter the parameter value using the keypad, or change the currently used
parameter value by using the rotary knob (small steps) or the UPARROW or
DNARROW keys (large steps).
2. After entering the numeric value via keypad, press the corresponding unit key.
The unit is added to the entry.
3. If the parameter does not require a unit, confirm the entered value by pressing
the ENTER key or one of the unit keys.
The editing line is highlighted in order to confirm the entry.
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Basic Operations
Setting Parameters
6.3.2 Entering Alphanumeric Parameters
If a field requires alphanumeric input, you can use the on-screen keyboard to
enter numbers and (special) characters (see also Chapter 6.2.3, "On-screen Key-
board", on page 60).
Figure 6-2: On-screen keyboard
Alternatively, you can use the keypad. Every alphanumeric key provides several
characters and one number. The decimal point key (.) provides special characters, and the sign key (-) toggles between capital and small letters. For the
assignment refer to Table 6-2.
Entering numbers and (special) characters via the keypad
1. Press the key once to enter the first possible value.
2. All characters available via this key are displayed.
3. To choose another value provided by this key, press the key again, until your
desired value is displayed.
4. With every key stroke the next possible value of this key is displayed. If all
possible values have been displayed, the series starts with the first value
again. For information on the series refer to Table 6-2.
5. To change from capital to small letters and vice versa, press the sign key (-).
6. When you have chosen the desired value, wait for 2 seconds (to use the
same key again), or start the next entry by pressing another key.
Entering a blank
► Press the "Space" bar, or press the "0" key and wait 2 seconds.
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Setting Parameters
Correcting an entry:
1. Using the arrow keys, move the cursor to the right of the entry you want to
delete.
2. Press the [BACKSPACE] key.
3. The entry to the left of the cursor is deleted.
4. Enter your correction.
Completing the entry
► Press the [ENTER] key or the rotary knob.
Aborting the entry
► Press the [ESC] key.
The dialog box is closed without changing the settings.
Table 6-2: Keys for alphanumeric parameters
Key name
(upper inscription)
7 7 µ Ω ° € ¥ $ ¢
8 A B C 8 Ä ÆÅ Ç
9 D E F 9 É
4 G H I 4
5 J K L 5
6 M N O 6 Ň Ö
1 P Q R S 1
2 T U V 2 Ü
3 W X Y Z 3
0 <blank> 0 – @ + / \ < > = % &
Series of (special) characters and number provided
. . * : _ , ; " ' ? ( ) #
– <toggles between capital and small letters>
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Basic Operations
Setting Parameters
6.3.3 Navigating in Dialog Boxes
Some of the dialog boxes are not only for parameter entry, and therefore have a
more complex structure. The following figure shows an example.
Changing the focus
The focus on the graphical user interface is moved by pressing an element on the
screen, or via the rotary knob. The focused area is marked with a blue frame (see
Figure 6-3). If this area consists of more than one element, e.g. lists of options or
tables, you must first switch to the edit mode in order to make changes. A
focused area in the edit mode is marked with a dashed blue frame (see Fig-
ure 6-4).
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Figure 6-3: Focused area
Basic Operations
Setting Parameters
Figure 6-4: Focused area in edit mode
Edit mode
When using the touchscreen for focus changes, all focused areas are in the
edit mode automatically, if available. Otherwise, you must switch to edit
mode manually.
Switching to edit mode
1. Press the [ENTER] key.
2. To quit the edit mode, press the [ESC] key.
Working in dialog boxes
●
To edit alphanumeric parameters, use the keypad or the on-screen keyboard.
For details see Chapter 6.3.1, "Entering Numeric Parameters", on page 67
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and Chapter 6.3.2, "Entering Alphanumeric Parameters", on page 68. If you
edit fields, the edit mode is activated automatically when you start typing.
●
To move the focus to the next interface element (e.g. field, option, list), press it
on the screen, or turn the rotary knob.
●
To select or deselect an option, press the option on the screen.
Alternatively:
– If the focused area consists of more than one option and the edit mode is
not active, change into the edit mode.
– Scroll through the list of options using the arrow keys or the rotary knob
(only for vertical direction) until the option you want to activate or deactivate is highlighted.
– Press the rotary knob or the [ENTER] key to confirm your selection.
The option is activated or deactivated, depending on its previous setting.
– To leave the edit mode, press the [ESC] key.
Basic Operations
Setting Parameters
●
To open a drop-down list, press the arrow next to the list. Alternatively, press
the [ENTER] key or the rotary knob. When opened, the list is in edit mode.
●
To select an entry without opening a drop-down list, use the arrow keys to
browse through the list entries.
●
To select a list entry, press the entry on the screen.
Alternatively:
– If the edit mode is not active, change into the edit mode.
– Scroll through the list using the arrow keys or the rotary knob until the list
entry you want to select is highlighted.
– Confirm your choice by pressing the rotary knob or the [ENTER] key.
If a drop-down list was opened, it is closed.
●
To change from one tab to the next, press the tab on the screen.
●
To press a button in a dialog box, press the button on the screen.
Alternatively:
– Place the focus on the desired button using the rotary knob.
– Confirm your choice by pressing the rotary knob or the [ENTER] key.
●
To close the dialog box and accept the changes, press the "OK" button.
●
To close the dialog box without accepting the changes, press the [ESC] key or
the "Cancel" button.
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Particularities in Windows dialog boxes
In some cases, e.g. if you want to install a printer, original Windows dialog boxes
are used. In these dialog boxes, the navigation behavior is different to the one
you are used to from R&S ESRP applications. In the following, the important differences and useful tips are listed:
●
The rotary knob and function keys do not work. Do not use them. Use the
touchscreen instead.
Basic Operations
Changing the Display
6.4 Changing the Display
6.4.1 Changing the Focus
Any selected function is always performed on the currently focussed element in
the display, e.g. a dialog field, diagram, or table row. Which element is focussed is
indicated by a blue frame (diagram, window, table) or is otherwise highlighted
(softkey, marker etc.). Moving the focus is most easily done by tapping on the element on the touchscreen. Alternatively, use the "Tab" key on the on-screen keyboard or the rotary knob to move the focus from one element to the next on the
display.
To move the focus on the screen between any displayed diagrams or tables,
press the "Change focus" function key on the front panel. The focus moves from
the diagram to the first table to the next table etc. and then back to the diagram.
6.4.2 Switching between Split and Maximized Display
In some measurement modes, a table with markers or measurement
results is displayed beneath the diagram. In this case, you may wish to
maximize the diagram or table display in order to see more details.
Press the [SPLIT/MAXIMIZE] key on the front panel to switch between a split
screen and a full screen (maximized display). In maximized display, the table or
diagram currently focused is maximized. In split display, both the diagram and
any available tables are displayed in one screen.
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SCPI command:
DISP:WIND:SIZE
Basic Operations
Changing the Display
6.4.3 Soft and Mini Soft Front Panel Display
When working with an external monitor or operating via remote control on a computer, it is useful to be able to interact with the R&S ESRP without requiring the
keypad and keys located on the front panel of the instrument. Therefore, a "Soft
Front Panel" display is available, which simulates the entire front panel of the
instrument (except for the external connectors) on the screen. You can switch
between "normal" screen display and extended display. In the extended display,
the keys and other hardware controls of the instrument are simulated on the
screen.
If you require a Soft Front Panel but do not want to lose too much space for
results in the display area, a mini soft Front Panel is available. The mini version
displays only the hardkeys in a separate window in the display area. This window
can be closed automatically after pressing a key, or remain open, as desired.
Using the Mini Front Panel, the R&S ESRP interface is fully operable from a monitor with a resolution of 1024x768 pixels.
Switching to soft Front Panel display
1. Press the SETUP key.
2. Press the "General Setup" softkey.
3. Press the "More" softkey.
4. Press the "Soft Front Panel" softkey.
Alternatively:
5. Press the [DISPLAY] key.
6. In the "Display Settings" dialog box, select "Front Panel State: On".
The extended display appears on the screen.
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Basic Operations
Changing the Display
Using the F6 key you can toggle the Front Panel display on and off.
Remote: SYST:DISP:FPAN:STAT ON
Working with the Soft Front Panel
Basic operation with the soft Front Panel is identical to normal operation. To activate a key, either press the key on the touchscreen, or click on it with the mouse
pointer. To simulate the use of the rotary knob, use the additional keys displayed
between the keypad and the arrow keys:
Icon Function
Turn left
Enter
Turn right
Switching to Mini Front Panel display
1. Press the [DISPLAY] key.
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2. In the "Display Settings" dialog box, select "Mini Front Panel State: On".
The "Mini Front Panel" window appears on the screen. It can be moved anywhere on the screen where it does not interfere with your current task.
Using the key combination [ALT + M] you can toggle the Mini Front Panel
display on and off.
Basic Operations
Changing the Display
Auto close option
By default, the "Auto close" option is activated and the Mini Front Panel window
closes automatically after you select a key. This is useful if you only require the
Front Panel display to press a single function key.
If you want the window to remain open, deactivate the "Auto close" option. You
can close the window manually by clicking "Close Panel" or the key combination
[ALT + M].
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Basic Operations
Changing the Display
6.4.4 Enlarging the Display Area
You can enlarge the screen display area if you are using an external monitor or the Soft and Mini Soft Frontpanel display (see Chapter 6.4.3, "Soft
and Mini Soft Front Panel Display", on page 74). To do so, drag the lower
right corner of the window to the required size. In standard display, a
small icon is displayed in the lower right corner of the screen.
6.4.5 Displaying the Toolbar
Standard file functions can be performed via the icons in the toolbar at the top of
the screen (see the Chapter 6.2.1, "Toolbar", on page 58). By default, this toolbar
is not displayed.
To display the toolbar:
1. Press the DISPLAY key.
2. Under "Select Tool Bar State", select "On".
Alternatively:
1. Press the SETUP key.
2. Press the "Display Setup" softkey.
3. Press the "Tool Bar State On/Off" softkey.
The toolbar is displayed at the top of the screen.
6.4.6 Zooming into the Diagram
You can zoom into the diagram to visualize the measurement results in greater
detail. Using the touchscreen or a mouse pointer you can easily define the area to
be enlarged.
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Zoom and the number of sweep points
Note that zooming is merely a visual tool, it does not change any measurement settings, such as the number of sweep points!
You should increase the number of sweep points before zooming, as otherwise the function has no real effect (see the "Sweep Points" softkey, described in the Operating Manual and online help).
To zoom into the diagram
1. Display the toolbar as described in Chapter 6.4.5, "Displaying the Toolbar",
on page 77.
2.
Click on the "Zoom On" icon in the toolbar.
A dotted rectangle is displayed in the diagram.
Basic Operations
Changing the Display
3. Drag the lower right corner of the rectangle (either via touchscreen or a
mouse pointer) to define the area in the diagram to be enlarged.
4. Repeat these steps, if necessary, to enlarge the diagram further.
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Scrolling in the zoomed display
You can scroll the diagram area to display the entire diagram using the
scrollbars at the right and at the bottom of the diagram.
Basic Operations
Changing the Display
To return to selection mode in the diagram
While you are in zoom mode, touching the screen changes the zoom area. In
order to select or move a trace or marker, you must switch back to selection
mode:
► Click on the "Selection mode" icon in the toolbar.
To return to original display
► Click on the "Zoom Off" icon in the toolbar.
A dotted rectangle is displayed in the diagram.
Remote commands:
1. Activate the zoom mode:
DISP:ZOOM ON
2. Define the zoom area:
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DISP:ZOOM:AREA 5,30,20,100
3. Hide the overview window:
DISP:ZOOM:OVER OFF
Basic Operations
Changing the Display
6.4.7 Adding a Title to the Diagram Header
You can add an introductory title to the trace information in the diagram header.
1. Press the SETUP key.
2. Press the "Display Setup" softkey.
3. Press the "Screen Title On/Off" softkey.
An edit dialog box is displayed.
4. Enter the title and press "ENTER".
The title is displayed at the beginning of the diagram header.
6.4.8 Removing the Diagram Footer
Some additional diagram-specific information is displayed in the diagram footer
(see Chapter 6.1.4, "Diagram-specific and Trace Information", on page 54). This
footer can be removed from display if necessary.
1. Press the SETUP key.
2. Press the "Display Setup" softkey.
3. Press the "Annotation On/Off" softkey.
The footer is displayed beneath the diagram or removed from display.
6.4.9 Selecting a Theme
You can select a theme for the screen display. The theme defines the colors used
for keys and screen elements, for example. The default theme is "BlueOcean".
Selecting a theme
1. Press the SETUP key.
2. Press the "Display Setup" softkey.
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3. Press the "More" softkey.
4. Press the "Theme Selection" softkey. A list of available themes is displayed.
5. Select the desired theme from the list.
The screen display changes according to the selected theme.
SCPI command:
DISPlay:THEMe:SELect
Basic Operations
Changing the Display
6.4.10 Displaying and Setting the Date and Time
You can switch the date and time display in the diagram footer on or off. By
default, it is displayed. You can also switch between German and US format.
Switching the date and time display off
1. Press the SETUP key.
2. Press the "Display Setup" softkey.
3. Press the "Time+Date" softkey to "Off".
Changing the format
1. Press the SETUP key.
2. Press the "Display Setup" softkey.
3. Press the "Time+Date Format" softkey until the required format is selected.
Setting the date and time
To set the date and time, click on the date and time display in the diagram footer.
The standard Windows "Date and Time Properties" dialog is displayed and you
can set the correct date and time.
6.4.11 Changing the Display Update Rate
When performance is poor due to slow data transfer (for example during remote
control), it may be helpful to decrease the frequency with which the screen display is updated.
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To descrease the display update rate
1. Press the [DISPLAY] key.
The "Display Settings" dialog box is opened.
2. Under "Display Update Rate", select "Slow".
The display is updated less frequently, and performance for measurements
should improve. When data transfer is no longer a problem, you can set the
update rate back to "Fast" in the same way.
Basic Operations
Changing the Display
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Basic Measurement Examples
Measuring a Sinusoidal Signal
7 Basic Measurement Examples
The following measurement examples are intended as an introduction to operating the R&S ESRP. The User Manual contains additional and more advanced
examples. Refer to chapter "Advanced Measurement Examples" to find the following topics:
●
High-Sensitivity Harmonics Measurements
●
Separating Signals by Selecting an Appropriate Resolution Bandwidth
●
Intermodulation Measurements
●
Measuring Signals in the Vicinity of Noise
●
Measuring Noise Power Density
●
Measurement of Noise Power within a Transmission Channel
●
Measuring Phase Noise
●
Measuring Channel Power and Adjacent Channel Power
For a more detailed description of the basic operating steps, e.g. selecting menus
and setting parameters, refer to Chapter 6, "Basic Operations", on page 49.
7.1 Measuring a Sinusoidal Signal
One of the most common measurement tasks that can be handled by using a signal analyzer is determining the level and frequency of a signal. When measuring
an unknown signal, you can usually start with the presettings.
Test setup
1. NOTICE! Risk of instrument damage. Signal levels exceeding 30 dBm can
damage the RF attenuator or the input mixer. For the level calculation, take
the total power of all occuring signals into account.
If you measure signals higher than +30 dBm (= 1 W), insert a power attenuator before the RF input of the analyzer.
2. Connect the RF output of the signal generator to the RF input of R&S ESRP.
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Basic Measurement Examples
Measuring a Sinusoidal Signal
Table 7-1: Signal generator settings (e.g. R&S SMU)
Frequency 128 MHz
Level -30 dBm
7.1.1 Measuring the Level and Frequency Using Markers
The level and frequency of a sinusoidal signal can be measured easily by using
the marker function. The R&S ESRP always displays its amplitude and frequency
at the marker position. The frequency measurement uncertainty is determined by
the frequency reference of the R&S ESRP, the resolution of the marker frequency
display and the number of sweep points.
1. Reset the instrument by pressing the [PRESET] key.
2. Select "Spectrum" mode.
3. Connect the signal to be measured to the RF INPUT analyzer input on the
instrument front panel.
4. Set the center frequency to 128 MHz.
a) Press the [FREQ] key.
The dialog box for the center frequency is displayed.
b) In the dialog box, enter 128 using the numeric keypad and confirm the
entry with the MHz key.
5. Reduce the frequency span to 1 MHz.
a) Press the [SPAN] key.
b) In the dialog box, enter 1 using the numeric keypad and confirm the entry
by pressing the [MHz] key.
Note: Coupled settings. When the frequency span is defined, the resolution
bandwidth, the video bandwidth and the sweep time are automatically adjusted, because these functions are defined as coupled functions in the presettings.
6. Measure the level and frequency using the marker by pressing the [MKR] key.
The marker is activated and automatically set on the maximum of the trace.
The level and frequency values measured by the marker are displayed in the
marker field at the top edge of the screen. They can be taken as the measurement result.
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M1[1] -30.00 dBm
Basic Measurement Examples
Measuring a Sinusoidal Signal
128.00000 MHz
The field header indicates the number of the marker (Marker 1) and the trace
on which the marker is located ([1] = Trace 1).
Note: Performing a peak search. When a marker is initially activated, it automatically performs the peak search function (as shown in the example).
If a marker was already active, you have to press the [Peak Search] key on
the front panel or the "Peak" softkey in the [MKR >] menu in order to set the
currently active marker to the maximum of the displayed signal.
7.1.1.1 Increasing the Frequency Resolution
The frequency resolution of the marker is predefined by the pixel resolution of the
trace. A trace uses 691 pixels, i.e. if the frequency span is 1 MHz, each pixel corresponds to a span of approx. 1.4 kHz. This corresponds to a maximum uncertainty of +/- 0.7 kHz.
You can increase the pixel resolution of the trace by reducing the frequency span.
Reducing the frequency span to 10 kHz
1. Press the [SPAN] key.
2. Using the numeric keypad, enter 10 in the dialog box and confirm the entry
with the [kHz] key.
The generator signal is measured using a span of 10 kHz. The pixel resolution of
the trace is now approx. 14 Hz (10 kHz span / 691 pixels) , i.e. the precision of
the marker frequency display increases to approx. ±7 Hz.
7.1.1.2 Setting the Reference Level
With signal analyzers, the reference level is the level at the upper limit of the diagram. To achieve the widest dynamic range possible for a spectrum measurement, use the entire level span of the signal analyzer. In other words, the highest
level that occurs in the signal should be located at the top edge of the diagram
(=reference level) or immediately below it.
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Low Reference Levels
If the selected reference level is lower than the highest signal that occurs in
the spectrum, the signal path in the R&S ESRP is overloaded.
In this case, the message "IFOVL" is displayed in the error message field.
In the presettings, the value of the reference level is -10 dBm. If the input signal is
-30 dBm, the reference level can be reduced by 20 dB without causing the signal
path to be overloaded.
Reducing the reference level by 20 dB
1. Press the [AMPT] key.
The amplitude menu is displayed. The "Ref Level" softkey is highlighted in red
to indicate that it is activated for data entry. The dialog box for the reference
level is also opened.
Basic Measurement Examples
Measuring a Sinusoidal Signal
2. Using the numeric keypad, enter 30 and confirm the entry with the [- dBm]
key.
The reference level is set to -30 dBm. The maximum of the trace is near the
maximum of the measurement diagram. However, the increase in the displayed noise is not substantial. Thus, the distance between the signal maximum and the noise display (=dynamic range) has increased.
Setting the marker level equal to the reference level
The marker can also be used to shift the maximum value of the trace directly to
the top edge of the diagram. If the marker is located at the maximum level of the
trace (as in this example), the reference level can be moved to the marker level
as follows:
1. Press the [MKR] key.
2. Press the "Ref Lvl = Mkr Lvl" softkey.
The reference level is set equal to the measured level where the marker is located.
Thus, setting the reference level is reduced to two keystrokes.
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Basic Measurement Examples
Measuring a Sinusoidal Signal
7.1.2 Measuring the Signal Frequency Using the Frequency
Counter
The built-in frequency counter allows you to measure the frequency more accurately than measuring it with the marker. The frequency sweep is stopped at the
marker, and the R&S ESRP measures the frequency of the signal at the marker
position.
In the following example, the frequency of the generator at 128 MHz is shown by
using the marker.
Prerequisite
In this example, a precise frequency measurement is to be performed. Therefore,
connect the signal generator's "Ref OUT" connector to the analyzer's "Ref IN"
connector.
1. Set the signal analyzer to the default state by pressing the [PRESET] key.
The R&S ESRP is set to its default state.
2. Select "Spectrum" mode.
3. Set the center frequency and the span.
a) Press the [FREQ] key and enter 128 MHz.
The center frequency of the R&S ESRP is set to 128 MHz.
b) Press the [SPAN] key and enter 1 MHz.
The frequency span of the R&S ESRP is set to 1 MHz.
4. In the "Setup" menu, select "Reference Ext".
5. Activate the marker by pressing the [MKR] key.
The marker is activated and set to the signal maximum. The level and the frequency of the marker are displayed in the marker field (diagram header or
marker table).
6. Activate the frequency counter by pressing the "Sig Count On/Off" softkey in
the "MKR FUNC" menu.
The result of frequency counting is displayed in the selected resolution in the
marker field.
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Basic Measurement Examples
Measuring Harmonics of Sinusoidal Signals
Figure 7-1: Measurement of the frequency with the frequency counter
Prerequisites for using the internal frequency counter
In order to obtain a correct result when measuring the frequency with the
internal frequency counter, an RF sinusoidal signal or a spectral line must
be available. The marker must be located more than 25 dB above the noise
level to ensure that the specified measurement accuracy is adhered to.
7.2 Measuring Harmonics of Sinusoidal Signals
Measuring the harmonics of a signal is a very common task that can be performed optimally by using a Signal and Spectrum Analyzer.
In the following example, the generator signal with 128 MHz and -20 dBm is used
again.
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Measuring Harmonics of Sinusoidal Signals
Measuring the Suppression of the First and Second Harmonic of an Input Signal
1. Set the signal analyzer to the default state by pressing the [PRESET] key.
The R&S ESRP is in the default state.
2. Select "Spectrum" mode.
3. Set the start frequency to 100 MHz and the stop frequency to 400 MHz.
a) Press the [FREQ] key.
b) Press the "Start" softkey and enter 100 MHz.
c) Press the "Stop" softkey and enter 400 MHz.
The R&S ESRP displays the fundamental and the first and second harmonics of the input signal.
4. To average (smooth) the noise, reduce the video bandwidth.
a) Press the [BW] key.
b) Press the "Video BW Manual" softkey and enter 100 kHz.
Basic Measurement Examples
5. Set the attenuation to 0 dB.
a) Press the [AMPT] key.
b) Press the "RF Atten Manual" softkey.
c) Enter 0 dB in the edit dialog box.
6. Activate the marker by pressing the [MKR] key.
"Marker 1" is activated and positioned to the signal maximum (fundamental at
128 MHz). The level and frequency of the marker is displayed in the marker
field.
7. Activate the delta marker and measure the harmonic suppression.
a) In the "MKR" menu, press the "Marker 2" softkey.
"Marker 2" is activated as a delta marker ("D2 [1]"). It is automatically set
on the largest harmonic of the signal. The frequency offset and level offset
from marker 1 are displayed in the channel information bar.
b) In the "MKR" menu, press the "Marker 3" softkey.
"Marker 3" is activated as a delta marker ("D3 [1]"). It is automatically set
on the next largest harmonic of the signal. The frequency offset and level
offset from marker 1 on the fundamental are displayed in the channel information bar (see Figure 7-2).
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Basic Measurement Examples
Measuring Harmonics of Sinusoidal Signals
Figure 7-2: Measuring the harmonic suppression of the internal reference generator.
Delta markers D2 [1] and D3 [1] show the offset of the first and second harmonics
from the fundamental.
Reducing Noise
The signal analyzer offers three methods to differentiate the harmonics of a signal
from the noise effectively:
●
Reducing the video bandwidth
●
Averaging the trace
●
Reducing the resolution bandwidth
Reducing the video bandwidth and averaging the traces cause the noise from the
analyzer or the DUT to be reduced, depending on which component is larger.
Both averaging methods reduce the measurement uncertainty, particularly in the
case of small signal-to-noise ratios, because the measurement signal is also separated from the noise.
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Basic Measurement Examples
Measuring Harmonics of Sinusoidal Signals
Reducing the noise by reducing the video bandwidth
1. Press the [BW] key.
2. Press the "Video BW Manual" softkey.
3. Reduce the video bandwidth to 1 kHz (for example), by entering 1 kHz.
This smoothes the noise significantly, and the sweep time is increased to 200
ms. In other words, the measurement will take significantly more time. The
video bandwidth that is displayed is marked with a bullet to indicate that it is
no longer coupled to the resolution bandwidth (see Figure 7-3).
Figure 7-3: Suppression of noise during harmonics measurement by reducing video
bandwidth
4. Recouple the video bandwidth to the resolution bandwidth.
a) Press the [BW] key.
b) Press the "Video BW Auto" softkey.
Reducing the noise by averaging the trace
1. Press the [TRACE] key.
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Measuring Signal Spectra with Multiple Signals
2. Press the "Trace Wizard" softkey.
3. For "Trace 1", press the button in the "Trace Mode" column and select "Average" from the list.
The noise component of the trace is smoothed by averaging 10 successive
traces.
4. Switch off trace averaging by pressing the button in the "Trace Mode" column
and selecting "Clear Write" from the list.
Reducing the noise by reducing the measurement bandwidth
The noise is reduced in proportion to the bandwidth by reducing the resolution
bandwidth, i.e. reducing the resolution bandwidth by a factor of 10 also reduces
the noise by a factor of 10 (which corresponds to 10 dB). The amplitude of sinusoidal signals is not affected by reducing the resolution bandwidth.
Basic Measurement Examples
1. Set the resolution bandwidth to 10 kHz.
a) Press the [BW] key.
b) Press the "Res BW Manual" softkey and enter 10 kHz.
The noise decreases by approx. 25 dB compared to the previous setting.
Since the video bandwidth is coupled to the resolution bandwidth, it is
reduced to 30 kHz in proportion to the resolution bandwidth. This causes
the sweep time to increase to 3.0 seconds.
2. Reset the resolution bandwidth (couple it to the span) by pressing the "Res
BW Auto" softkey in the "BW" menu.
7.3 Measuring Signal Spectra with Multiple Signals
7.3.1 Separating Signals by Selecting the Resolution Band-
width
A basic feature of a Signal and Spectrum Analyzer is the ability to separate the
spectral components of a mixture of signals. The resolution at which the individual
components can be separated is determined by the resolution bandwidth. Selecting a resolution bandwidth that is too large may make it impossible to distinguish
between spectral components, i.e. they are displayed as a single component.
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Basic Measurement Examples
Measuring Signal Spectra with Multiple Signals
An RF sinusoidal signal is displayed using the passband characteristic of the
defined resolution filter (RBW). Its specified bandwidth is the 3 dB bandwidth of
the filter.
Two signals with the same amplitude can be resolved if the resolution bandwidth
is smaller than or equal to the frequency spacing of the signal. If the resolution
bandwidth is equal to the frequency spacing, the spectrum display shows a level
drop of 3 dB precisely in the center of the two signals. Decreasing the resolution
bandwidth makes the level drop larger, which thus makes the individual signals
clearer.
Higher spectral resolution at a narrower bandwidth is accomplished through longer sweep times at the same span. Reducing the resolution bandwidth by a factor
of 3 increases the sweep time by a factor of 9.
Example:
Separating Two Signals
The two signals have a level of -30 dBm each at a frequency spacing of 30 kHz
Table 7-2: Signal generator settings (e.g. R&S SMU)
Signal generator 1 -30 dBm 128,00 MHz
Signal generator 2 -30 dBm 128,03 MHz
Level Frequency
1. Set the signal analyzer to the default state by pressing the [PRESET] key.
The R&S ESRP is set to its default state.
2. Select "Spectrum" mode.
3. Set the center frequency to 128.015 MHz and the frequency span to 300 kHz.
a) Press the [FREQ] key and enter 128.015 MHz.
b) Press the [SPAN] key and enter 300 kHz.
4. Set the resolution bandwidth to 30 kHz and the video bandwidth to 1 kHz.
a) Press the [BW] key
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Measuring Signal Spectra with Multiple Signals
b) Press the "Res BW Manual" softkey and enter 30 kHz.
c) Press the "Video BW Manual" softkey and enter 1 kHz.
Note: Larger video bandwidths. The video bandwidth is set to 1 kHz in order
to make the level drop in the center of the two signals clearly visible. At larger
video bandwidths, the video voltage that results from envelope detection is not
sufficiently suppressed. This produces additional voltages, which are visible in
the trace, in the transition area between the two signals.
Figure 7-4: Measurement of two equally-leveled RF sinusoidal signals with the resolu-
tion bandwidth which corresponds to the frequency spacing of the signals
Matching generator and R&S ESRP frequencies
The level drop is located exactly in the center of the screen only if the generator frequencies match the frequency display of the R&S ESRP exactly. To achieve exact matching, the frequencies of the generators and the R&S ESRP
must be synchronized.
5. Set the resolution bandwidth to 100 kHz. To do so, in the bandwidth menu,
press the "Res BW Manual" softkey and enter 100 kHz.
It is no longer possible to clearly distinguish the two generator signals.
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Basic Measurement Examples
Measuring Signal Spectra with Multiple Signals
Figure 7-5: Measurement of two equally-leveled RF sinusoidal signals with a resolu-
tion bandwidth which is larger than their frequency spacing
Note: Reducing the resolution bandwidth. The resolution bandwidth (RBW)
can be reduced again by turning the rotary knob counterclockwise, thus yielding a higher frequency resolution.
6. Set the resolution bandwidth to 1 kHz. To do so, in the bandwidth menu, press
the "Res BW Manual" softkey and enter 1 kHz.
The two generator signals are shown with high resolution. However, the
sweep time becomes longer. At smaller bandwidths, the noise display decreases simultaneously (10 dB decrease in noise floor for a decrease in bandwidth
by a factor of 10).
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Measuring Signal Spectra with Multiple Signals
Figure 7-6: Measurement of two equally-leveled RF sinusoidal signals with a resolu-
tion bandwidth (1 kHz) which is significantly smaller than their frequency
spacing
7.3.2 Measuring the Modulation Depth of an AM-Modulated
Carrier (Span > 0)
In the frequency range display, the AM side bands can be resolved with a narrow
bandwidth and measured separately. The modulation depth of a carrier modulated with a sinusoidal signal can then be measured. Since the dynamic range of a
signal analyzer is very large, extremely small modulation depths can also be
measured precisely. For this purpose, the R&S ESRP provides measurement routines that output the modulation depth numerically in % directly.
Test setup
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Measuring Signal Spectra with Multiple Signals
Table 7-3: Signal generator settings (e.g. R&S SMU)
Frequency 128 MHz
Level -30 dBm
Modulation 50 % AM, 10 kHz AF
1. Set the signal analyzer to the default state by pressing the [PRESET] key.
The R&S ESRP is set to its default state.
2. Select "Spectrum" mode.
3. Set the center frequency to 128 MHz and span to 50 kHz.
a) Press the [FREQ] key and enter 128 MHz.
b) Press the [SPAN] key and enter 50 kHz.
4. Activate the marker function for measuring the AM modulation depth.
a) Press the [MEAS] key.
b) Press the "More" key.
c) Press the "AM Mod Depth" softkey.
The R&S ESRP automatically sets a marker to the carrier signal in the
center of the diagram and one delta marker each to the upper and lower
AM sidebands. The R&S ESRP calculates the AM modulation depth from
the level differences of the delta markers to the main marker and outputs
the numeric value in the marker field.
Figure 7-7: Measurement of the AM modulation depth
The modulation depth is displayed as "MDepth". The frequency of the AF signal
can be obtained from the frequency display of the delta marker.
7.3.3 Measuring AM-Modulated Signals
The signal analyzer rectifies the RF input signal and displays it as a magnitude
spectrum. The rectification also demodulates AM-modulated signals. The AF volt-
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Measuring Signal Spectra with Multiple Signals
age can be displayed in zero span if the modulation sidebands fall within the resolution bandwidth.
Displaying the AF of an AM-modulated signal (Zero Span)
Test setup
Table 7-4: Signal generator settings (e.g. R&S SMU)
Frequency 128 MHz
Level -30 dBm
Modulation 50 % AM, 1 kHz AF
1. Set the signal analyzer to the default state by pressing the [PRESET] key.
The R&S ESRP is set to its default state.
2. Select "Spectrum" mode.
3. Set the center frequency to 128 MHz and the span to 0 Hz.
a) Press the [FREQ] key and enter 128 MHz.
b) Press the [SPAN] key and enter 0 Hz or press the "Zero Span" softkey.
4. Set the sweep time to 2.5 ms.
a) Press the [SWEEP] key.
b) Press the "Sweeptime Manual" softkey.
c) Enter 2.5 ms.
5. Set the reference level to +6 dBm and the display range to linear.
a) Press the [AMPT] key and enter 6 dBm.
b) Press the "Range" softkey.
c) Press the "Range Linear %" softkey.
6. Set triggering in response to the AF signal by using the video trigger to produce a static image.
a) Press the [TRIG] key.
b) Press the "Trg/Gate Source" softkey and select "Video" using the arrow
keys.
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c) Press the "Trg/Gate Level" softkey and enter 50%.
The trigger level is displayed as a horizontal line across the entire measurement diagram. The R&S ESRP displays the 1 kHz AF signal as a
static image in zero span. Use a headset to listen to the AF.
7. Activate the internal AM demodulator.
a) Press the [MKR FUNC] key.
b) Press the "Marker Demod" softkey.
The R&S ESRP automatically switches on the AM audio demodulator. A 1
kHz tone can be heard over headset. If necessary, use the volume control
knob for AF OUTPUT on the front panel to turn up the volume.
Basic Measurement Examples
7.4 Measurements in Zero Span
Measurements in Zero Span
For radio transmission systems that use the TDMA method (e.g. GSM or IS136),
transmission quality is determined not only by spectral characteristics but also by
characteristics in zero span. A timeslot is assigned to each user since several
users share the same frequency. Smooth operation is ensured only if all users
adhere exactly to their assigned timeslots.
Both the power during the send phase as well as the timing and duration of the
TDMA burst, and rise and fall times of the burst, are important.
7.4.1 Measuring the Power Characteristic of Burst Signals
To measure power in zero span, the R&S ESRP offers easy-to-use functions that
measure the power over a predefined time.
7.4.1.1 Measuring the Power of a GSM Burst During the Activation Phase
Test setup
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Measurements in Zero Span
Table 7-5: Signal generator settings (e.g. R&S SMU)
Frequency 890 MHz
Level 0 dBm
Modulation GSM, one timeslot activated
1. Set the signal analyzer to the default state by pressing the [PRESET] key.
The R&S ESRP is set to its default state.
2. Select "Spectrum" mode.
3. Set the center frequency to 890 MHz, the span to 0 Hz and the resolution
bandwidth to 1 MHz.
a) Press the [FREQ] key and enter 890 MHz.
b) Press the [SPAN] key and enter 0 Hz, or press the "Zero Span" softkey.
4. Set the reference level of the R&S ESRP to 10 dBm (= level of the signal generator +10 dB) and set the attenuation to 20 dB.
a) Press the [AMPT] key.
b) Enter 10 dBm.
c) Press the "Rf Atten Manual" softkey.
d) Enter 20 dB.
5. Set the sweep time to 1 ms.
a) Press the [SWEEP] key.
b) Press the "Sweeptime Manual" softkey and enter 1 ms.
The R&S ESRP shows the GSM burst continuously across the display.
6. By using the video trigger, set triggering on the rising edge of the burst.
a) Press the [TRIG] key.
b) Press the "Trg/Gate Source" softkey and select "Video" using the arrow
keys.
c) Press the "Trg/Gate Level" softkey and enter 70%.
The R&S ESRP shows a static image with the GSM burst at the start of
the trace. The trigger level is displayed as a horizontal line labeled with the
absolute level for the trigger threshold in the measurement diagram.
7. Configure power measurement in zero span.
a) Press the [MEAS] key.
b) Press the "Time Domain Power" softkey to open the submenu.
c) Switch the "Limits" softkey to "On."
d) Press the "Left Limit" softkey.
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