Page 1
Test and Measurement
Division
Manual
EMI Test Software for
R&S EMI Receivers and Accessory
ES-K1
1026.6790.02
Version 1.71
Printed in the Federal
Republic of Germany
1026.6819.42-08- 1
Page 2
Page 3
Before putting the product into operation for
the first time, make sure to read the following
Safety Instructions
Rohde & Schwarz makes every effort to keep the safety standard of its products up to date and to offer
its customers the highest possible degree of safety. Our products and the auxiliary equipment required
for them are designed and tested in accordance with the relevant safety standards. Compliance with
these standards is continuously monitored by our quality assurance system. This product has been
designed and tested in accordance with the EC Certificate of Conformity and has left the manufacturer’s
plant in a condition fully complying with safety standards. To maintain this condition and to ensure safe
operation, observe all instructions and warnings provided in this manual. If you have any questions
regarding these safety instructions, Rohde & Schwarz will be happy to answer them.
Furthermore, it is your responsibility to use the product in an appropriate manner. This product is
designed for use solely in industrial and laboratory environments or in the field and must not be used in
any way that may cause personal injury or property damage. You are responsible if the product is used
for an intention other than its designated purpose or in disregard of the manufacturer's instructions. The
manufacturer shall assume no responsibility for such use of the product.
The product is used for its designated purpose if it is used in accordance with its operating manual and
within its performance limits (see data sheet, documentation, the following safety instructions). Using
the products requires technical skills and knowledge of English. It is therefore essential that the
products be used exclusively by skilled and specialized staff or thoroughly trained personnel with the
required skills. If personal safety gear is required for using Rohde & Schwarz products, this will be
indicated at the appropriate place in the product documentation.
Observe
operating
instructions
Supply
voltage
ON/OFF
Weight
indication for
units >18 kg
Danger of
electric
shock
Standby
indication
Symbols and safety labels
Warning!
Hot
surface
PE terminal Ground
Direct
current
(DC)
Alternating
current (AC)
Direct/alternating
current (DC/AC)
Ground
terminal
Device fully
protected by
double/reinforced
insulation
Attention!
Electrostatic
sensitive
devices
1171.0000.42-02.00 Sheet 1
Page 4
Safety Instructions
Observing the safety instructions will help prevent personal injury or damage of any kind caused by
dangerous situations. Therefore, carefully read through and adhere to the following safety instructions
before putting the product into operation. It is also absolutely essential to observe the additional safety
instructions on personal safety that appear in other parts of the documentation. In these safety
instructions, the word "product" refers to all merchandise sold and distributed by Rohde & Schwarz,
including instruments, systems and all accessories.
Tags and their meaning
DANGER
WARNING
CAUTION This tag indicates a safety hazard with a low potential of risk for the user
ATTENTION
NOTE
These tags are in accordance with the standard definition for civil applications in the European
Economic Area. Definitions that deviate from the standard definition may also exist. It is therefore
essential to make sure that the tags described here are always used only in connection with the
associated documentation and the associated product. The use of tags in connection with unassociated
products or unassociated documentation can result in misinterpretations and thus contribute to personal
injury or material damage.
This tag indicates a safety hazard with a high potential of risk for the
user that can result in death or serious injuries.
This tag indicates a safety hazard with a medium potential of risk for the
user that can result in death or serious injuries.
that can result in slight or minor injuries.
This tag indicates the possibility of incorrect use that can cause damage
to the product.
This tag indicates a situation where the user should pay special attention
to operating the product but which does not lead to damage.
Basic safety instructions
1. The product may be operated only under
the operating conditions and in the
positions specified by the manufacturer. Its
ventilation must not be obstructed during
operation. Unless otherwise specified, the
following requirements apply to
Rohde & Schwarz products:
prescribed operating position is always with
the housing floor facing down, IP protection
2X, pollution severity 2, overvoltage
category 2, use only in enclosed spaces,
max. operation altitude max. 2000 m.
Unless specified otherwise in the data
sheet, a tolerance of ±10% shall apply to
the nominal voltage and of ±5% to the
nominal frequency.
2. Applicable local or national safety
regulations and rules for the prevention of
accidents must be observed in all work
performed. The product may be opened
only by authorized, specially trained
personnel. Prior to performing any work on
the product or opening the product, the
product must be disconnected from the
supply network. Any adjustments,
replacements of parts, maintenance or
repair must be carried out only by technical
personnel authorized by Rohde & Schwarz.
Only original parts may be used for
replacing parts relevant to safety (e.g.
power switches, power transformers,
fuses). A safety test must always be
performed after parts relevant to safety
have been replaced (visual inspection, PE
conductor test, insulation resistance
measurement, leakage current
measurement, functional test).
3. As with all industrially manufactured goods,
the use of substances that induce an
allergic reaction (allergens, e.g. nickel)
such as aluminum cannot be generally
excluded. If you develop an allergic
reaction (such as a skin rash, frequent
sneezing, red eyes or respiratory
difficulties), consult a physician immediately
to determine the cause.
1171.0000.42-02.00 Sheet 2
Page 5
Safety Instructions
4. If products/components are mechanically
and/or thermically processed in a manner
that goes beyond their intended use,
hazardous substances (heavy-metal dust
such as lead, beryllium, nickel) may be
released. For this reason, the product may
only be disassembled, e.g. for disposal
purposes, by specially trained personnel.
Improper disassembly may be hazardous to
your health. National waste disposal
regulations must be observed.
5. If handling the product yields hazardous
substances or fuels that must be disposed
of in a special way, e.g. coolants or engine
oils that must be replenished regularly, the
safety instructions of the manufacturer of
the hazardous substances or fuels and the
applicable regional waste disposal
regulations must be observed. Also
observe the relevant safety instructions in
the product documentation.
6. Depending on the function, certain products
such as RF radio equipment can produce
an elevated level of electromagnetic
radiation. Considering that unborn life
requires increased protection, pregnant
women should be protected by appropriate
measures. Persons with pacemakers may
also be endangered by electromagnetic
radiation. The employer is required to
assess workplaces where there is a special
risk of exposure to radiation and, if
necessary, take measures to avert the
danger.
7. Operating the products requires special
training and intense concentration. Make
certain that persons who use the products
are physically, mentally and emotionally fit
enough to handle operating the products;
otherwise injuries or material damage may
occur. It is the responsibility of the
employer to select suitable personnel for
operating the products.
8. Prior to switching on the product, it must be
ensured that the nominal voltage setting on
the product matches the nominal voltage of
the AC supply network. If a different voltage
is to be set, the power fuse of the product
may have to be changed accordingly.
9. In the case of products of safety class I with
movable power cord and connector,
operation is permitted only on sockets with
earthing contact and protective earth
connection.
10. Intentionally breaking the protective earth
connection either in the feed line or in the
product itself is not permitted. Doing so can
result in the danger of an electric shock
from the product. If extension cords or
connector strips are implemented, they
must be checked on a regular basis to
ensure that they are safe to use.
11. If the product has no power switch for
disconnection from the AC supply, the plug
of the connecting cable is regarded as the
disconnecting device. In such cases, it
must be ensured that the power plug is
easily reachable and accessible at all times
(length of connecting cable approx. 2 m).
Functional or electronic switches are not
suitable for providing disconnection from
the AC supply. If products without power
switches are integrated in racks or systems,
a disconnecting device must be provided at
the system level.
12. Never use the product if the power cable is
damaged. By taking appropriate safety
measures and carefully laying the power
cable, ensure that the cable cannot be
damaged and that no one can be hurt by
e.g. tripping over the cable or suffering an
electric shock.
13. The product may be operated only from
TN/TT supply networks fused with max.
16 A.
14. Do not insert the plug into sockets that are
dusty or dirty. Insert the plug firmly and all
the way into the socket. Otherwise this can
result in sparks, fire and/or injuries.
15. Do not overload any sockets, extension
cords or connector strips; doing so can
cause fire or electric shocks.
16. For measurements in circuits with voltages
V
> 30 V, suitable measures (e.g.
rms
appropriate measuring equipment, fusing,
current limiting, electrical separation,
insulation) should be taken to avoid any
hazards.
17. Ensure that the connections with
information technology equipment comply
with IEC 950/EN 60950.
18. Never remove the cover or part of the
housing while you are operating the
product. This will expose circuits and
components and can lead to injuries, fire or
damage to the product.
1171.0000.42-02.00 Sheet 3
Page 6
Safety Instructions
19. If a product is to be permanently installed,
the connection between the PE terminal on
site and the product's PE conductor must
be made first before any other connection
is made. The product may be installed and
connected only by a skilled electrician.
20. For permanently installed equipment
without built-in fuses, circuit breakers or
similar protective devices, the supply circuit
must be fused in such a way that suitable
protection is provided for users and
products.
21. Do not insert any objects into the openings
in the housing that are not designed for this
purpose. Never pour any liquids onto or into
the housing. This can cause short circuits
inside the product and/or electric shocks,
fire or injuries.
22. Use suitable overvoltage protection to
ensure that no overvoltage (such as that
caused by a thunderstorm) can reach the
product. Otherwise the operating personnel
will be endangered by electric shocks.
23. Rohde & Schwarz products are not
protected against penetration of water,
unless otherwise specified (see also safety
instruction 1.). If this is not taken into
account, there exists the danger of electric
shock or damage to the product, which can
also lead to personal injury.
24. Never use the product under conditions in
which condensation has formed or can form
in or on the product, e.g. if the product was
moved from a cold to a warm environment.
matching Rohde & Schwarz type (see
spare parts list). Batteries and storage
batteries are hazardous waste. Dispose of
them only in specially marked containers.
Observe local regulations regarding waste
disposal. Do not short-circuit batteries or
storage batteries.
28. Please be aware that in the event of a fire,
toxic substances (gases, liquids etc.) that
may be hazardous to your health may
escape from the product.
29. Please be aware of the weight of the
product. Be careful when moving it;
otherwise you may injure your back or other
parts of your body.
30. Do not place the product on surfaces,
vehicles, cabinets or tables that for reasons
of weight or stability are unsuitable for this
purpose. Always follow the manufacturer's
installation instructions when installing the
product and fastening it to objects or
structures (e.g. walls and shelves).
31. Handles on the products are designed
exclusively for personnel to hold or carry
the product. It is therefore not permissible
to use handles for fastening the product to
or on means of transport such as cranes,
fork lifts, wagons, etc. The user is
responsible for securely fastening the
products to or on the means of transport
and for observing the safety regulations of
the manufacturer of the means of transport.
Noncompliance can result in personal injury
or material damage.
25. Do not close any slots or openings on the
product, since they are necessary for
ventilation and prevent the product from
overheating. Do not place the product on
soft surfaces such as sofas or rugs or
inside a closed housing, unless this is well
ventilated.
26. Do not place the product on heatgenerating devices such as radiators or fan
heaters. The temperature of the
environment must not exceed the maximum
temperature specified in the data sheet.
27. Batteries and storage batteries must not be
exposed to high temperatures or fire. Keep
batteries and storage batteries away from
children. If batteries or storage batteries are
improperly replaced, this can cause an
explosion (warning: lithium cells). Replace
the battery or storage battery only with the
1171.0000.42-02.00 Sheet 4
32. If you use the product in a vehicle, it is the
sole responsibility of the driver to drive the
vehicle safely. Adequately secure the
product in the vehicle to prevent injuries or
other damage in the event of an accident.
Never use the product in a moving vehicle if
doing so could distract the driver of the
vehicle. The driver is always responsible for
the safety of the vehicle; the manufacturer
assumes no responsibility for accidents or
collisions.
33. If a laser product (e.g. a CD/DVD drive) is
integrated in a Rohde & Schwarz product,
do not use any other settings or functions
than those described in the documentation.
Otherwise this may be hazardous to your
health, since the laser beam can cause
irreversible damage to your eyes. Never try
to take such products apart, and never look
into the laser beam.
Page 7
Por favor lea imprescindiblemente antes de
la primera puesta en funcionamiento las
siguientes informaciones de seguridad
Informaciones de seguridad
Es el principio de Rohde & Schwarz de tener a sus productos siempre al día con los estandards de
seguridad y de ofrecer a sus clientes el máximo grado de seguridad. Nuestros productos y todos los
equipos adicionales son siempre fabricados y examinados según las normas de seguridad vigentes.
Nuestra sección de gestión de la seguridad de calidad controla constantemente que sean cumplidas
estas normas. Este producto ha sido fabricado y examinado según el comprobante de conformidad
adjunto según las normas de la CE y ha salido de nuestra planta en estado impecable según los
estandards técnicos de seguridad. Para poder preservar este estado y garantizar un funcionamiento
libre de peligros, deberá el usuario atenerse a todas las informaciones, informaciones de seguridad y
notas de alerta. Rohde&Schwarz está siempre a su disposición en caso de que tengan preguntas
referentes a estas informaciones de seguridad.
Además queda en la responsabilidad del usuario utilizar el producto en la forma debida. Este producto
solamente fue elaborado para ser utilizado en la indústria y el laboratorio o para fines de campo y de
ninguna manera deberá ser utilizado de modo que alguna persona/cosa pueda ser dañada. El uso del
producto fuera de sus fines definidos o despreciando las informaciones de seguridad del fabricante
queda en la responsabilidad del usuario. El fabricante no se hace en ninguna forma responsable de
consecuencias a causa del maluso del producto.
Se parte del uso correcto del producto para los fines definidos si el producto es utilizado dentro de las
instrucciones del correspondiente manual del uso y dentro del margen de rendimiento definido (ver
hoja de datos, documentación, informaciones de seguridad que siguen). El uso de los productos hace
necesarios conocimientos profundos y el conocimiento del idioma inglés. Por eso se deberá tener en
cuenta de exclusivamente autorizar para el uso de los productos a personas péritas o debidamente
minuciosamente instruidas con los conocimientos citados. Si fuera necesaria indumentaria de
seguridad para el uso de productos de R&S, encontrará la información debida en la documentación del
producto en el capítulo correspondiente.
Símbolos y definiciones de seguridad
Ver manual
de
instrucciones
del uso
Informaciones
para
maquinaria
con uns peso
de > 18kg
Peligro de
golpe de
corriente
¡Advertencia!
Superficie
caliente
Conexión a
conductor
protector
Conexión
a tierra
Conexión
a masa
conductora
¡Cuidado!
Elementos de
construción
con peligro de
carga
electroestática
El aparato está
protegido en su
totalidad por un
aislamiento de
doble refuerzo
potencia EN
MARCHA/PARADA
Indicación
Stand-by
Corriente
continua
DC
Corriente
alterna AC
Corriente
continua/alterna
DC/AC
1171.0000.42-02.00 página 1
Page 8
Informaciones de seguridad
Tener en cuenta las informaciones de seguridad sirve para tratar de evitar daños y peligros de toda
clase. Es necesario de que se lean las siguientes informaciones de seguridad concienzudamente y se
tengan en cuenta debidamente antes de la puesta en funcionamiento del producto. También deberán
ser tenidas en cuenta las informaciones para la protección de personas que encontrarán en otro
capítulo de esta documentación y que también son obligatorias de seguir. En las informaciones de
seguridad actuales hemos juntado todos los objetos vendidos por Rohde&Schwarz bajo la
denominación de „producto“, entre ellos también aparatos, instalaciones así como toda clase de
accesorios.
Palabras de señal y su significado
PELIGRO Indica un punto de peligro con gran potencial de riesgo para el
ususario.Punto de peligro que puede llevar hasta la muerte o graves
heridas.
ADVERTENCIA Indica un punto de peligro con un protencial de riesgo mediano para el
usuario. Punto de peligro que puede llevar hasta la muerte o graves
heridas .
ATENCIÓN Indica un punto de peligro con un protencial de riesgo pequeño para el
usuario. Punto de peligro que puede llevar hasta heridas leves o
pequeñas
CUIDADO Indica la posibilidad de utilizar mal el producto y a consecuencia
dañarlo.
INFORMACIÓN Indica una situación en la que deberían seguirse las instrucciones en el
uso del producto, pero que no consecuentemente deben de llevar a un
daño del mismo.
Las palabras de señal corresponden a la definición habitual para aplicaciones civiles en el ámbito de la
comunidad económica europea. Pueden existir definiciones diferentes a esta definición. Por eso se
debera tener en cuenta que las palabras de señal aquí descritas sean utilizadas siempre solamente en
combinación con la correspondiente documentación y solamente en combinación con el producto
correspondiente. La utilización de las palabras de señal en combinación con productos o
documentaciones que no les correspondan puede llevar a malinterpretaciones y tener por
consecuencia daños en personas u objetos.
Informaciones de seguridad elementales
1. El producto solamente debe ser utilizado
según lo indicado por el fabricante referente
a la situación y posición de funcionamiento
sin que se obstruya la ventilación. Si no se
convino de otra manera, es para los
productos R&S válido lo que sigue:
como posición de funcionamiento se define
principialmente la posición con el suelo de la
caja para abajo , modo de protección IP 2X,
grado de suciedad 2, categoría de
sobrecarga eléctrica 2, utilizar solamente en
estancias interiores, utilización hasta 2000 m
sobre el nivel del mar.
A menos que se especifique otra cosa en la
hoja de datos, se aplicará una tolerancia de
±10% sobre el voltaje nominal y de ±5%
sobre la frecuencia nominal.
2. En todos los trabajos deberán ser tenidas en
cuenta las normas locales de seguridad de
trabajo y de prevención de accidentes. El
producto solamente debe de ser abierto por
personal périto autorizado. Antes de efectuar
trabajos en el producto o abrirlo deberá este
ser desconectado de la corriente. El ajuste,
el cambio de partes, la manutención y la
reparación deberán ser solamente
efectuadas por electricistas autorizados por
R&S. Si se reponen partes con importancia
para los aspectos de seguridad (por ejemplo
el enchufe, los transformadores o los
fusibles), solamente podrán ser sustituidos
por partes originales. Despues de cada
recambio de partes elementales para la
seguridad deberá ser efectuado un control de
1171.0000.42-02.00 página 2
Page 9
Informaciones de seguridad
seguridad (control a primera vista, control de
conductor protector, medición de resistencia
de aislamiento, medición de medición de la
corriente conductora, control de
funcionamiento).
3. Como en todo producto de fabricación
industrial no puede ser excluido en general
de que se produzcan al usarlo elementos
que puedan generar alergias, los llamados
elementos alergénicos (por ejemplo el
níquel). Si se producieran en el trato con
productos R&S reacciones alérgicas, como
por ejemplo urticaria, estornudos frecuentes,
irritación de la conjuntiva o dificultades al
respirar, se deberá consultar inmediatamente
a un médico para averigurar los motivos de
estas reacciones.
4. Si productos / elementos de construcción son
tratados fuera del funcionamiento definido de
forma mecánica o térmica, pueden generarse
elementos peligrosos (polvos de sustancia
de metales pesados como por ejemplo
plomo, berilio, níquel). La partición elemental
del producto, como por ejemplo sucede en el
tratamiento de materias residuales, debe de
ser efectuada solamente por personal
especializado para estos tratamientos. La
partición elemental efectuada
inadecuadamente puede generar daños para
la salud. Se deben tener en cuenta las
directivas nacionales referentes al
tratamiento de materias residuales.
5. En el caso de que se produjeran agentes de
peligro o combustibles en la aplicación del
producto que debieran de ser transferidos a
un tratamiento de materias residuales, como
por ejemplo agentes refrigerantes que deben
ser repuestos en periodos definidos, o
aceites para motores, deberan ser tenidas en
cuenta las prescripciones de seguridad del
fabricante de estos agentes de peligro o
combustibles y las regulaciones regionales
para el tratamiento de materias residuales.
Cuiden también de tener en cuenta en caso
dado las prescripciones de seguridad
especiales en la descripción del producto.
6. Ciertos productos, como por ejemplo las
instalaciones de radiación HF, pueden a
causa de su función natural, emitir una
radiación electromagnética aumentada. En
vista a la protección de la vida en desarrollo
deberían ser protegidas personas
embarazadas debidamente. También las
personas con un bypass pueden correr
peligro a causa de la radiación
electromagnética. El empresario está
comprometido a valorar y señalar areas de
trabajo en las que se corra un riesgo de
exposición a radiaciones aumentadas de
riesgo aumentado para evitar riesgos.
7. La utilización de los productos requiere
instrucciones especiales y una alta
concentración en el manejo. Debe de
ponerse por seguro de que las personas que
manejen los productos estén a la altura de
los requerimientos necesarios referente a
sus aptitudes físicas, psíquicas y
emocionales, ya que de otra manera no se
pueden excluir lesiones o daños de objetos.
El empresario lleva la responsabilidad de
seleccionar el personal usuario apto para el
manejo de los productos.
8. Antes de la puesta en marcha del producto
se deberá tener por seguro de que la tensión
preseleccionada en el producto equivalga a
la del la red de distribución. Si es necesario
cambiar la preselección de la tensión
también se deberán en caso dabo cambiar
los fusibles correspondientes del prodcuto.
9. Productos de la clase de seguridad I con
alimentación móvil y enchufe individual de
producto solamente deberán ser conectados
para el funcionamiento a tomas de corriente
de contacto de seguridad y con conductor
protector conectado.
10. Queda prohibida toda clase de interrupción
intencionada del conductor protector, tanto
en la toma de corriente como en el mismo
producto ya que puede tener como
consecuencia el peligro de golpe de corriente
por el producto. Si se utilizaran cables o
enchufes de extensión se deberá poner al
seguro, que es controlado su estado técnico
de seguridad.
11. Si el producto no está equipado con un
interruptor para desconectarlo de la red, se
deberá considerar el enchufe del cable de
distribución como interruptor. En estos casos
deberá asegurar de que el enchufe sea de
fácil acceso y nabejo (medida del cable de
distribución aproximadamente 2 m). Los
interruptores de función o electrónicos no
son aptos para el corte de la red eléctrica. Si
los productos sin interruptor están integrados
en construciones o instalaciones, se deberá
instalar el interruptor al nivel de la
instalación.
1171.0000.42-02.00 página 3
Page 10
Informaciones de seguridad
12. No utilice nunca el producto si está dañado el
cable eléctrico. Asegure a través de las
medidas de protección y de instalación
adecuadas de que el cable de eléctrico no
pueda ser dañado o de que nadie pueda ser
dañado por él, por ejemplo al tropezar o por
un golpe de corriente.
13. Solamente está permitido el funcionamiento
en redes de distribución TN/TT aseguradas
con fusibles de como máximo 16 A.
14. Nunca conecte el enchufe en tomas de
corriente sucias o llenas de polvo. Introduzca
el enchufe por completo y fuertemente en la
toma de corriente. Si no tiene en
consideración estas indicaciones se arriesga
a que se originen chispas, fuego y/o heridas.
15. No sobrecargue las tomas de corriente, los
cables de extensión o los enchufes de
extensión ya que esto pudiera causar fuego
o golpes de corriente.
16. En las mediciones en circuitos de corriente
con una tensión de entrada de Ueff > 30 V se
deberá tomar las precauciones debidas para
impedir cualquier peligro (por ejemplo
medios de medición adecuados, seguros,
limitación de tensión, corte protector,
aislamiento etc.).
17. En caso de conexión con aparatos de la
técnica informática se deberá tener en
cuenta que estos cumplan los requisitos de
la EC950/EN60950.
18. Nunca abra la tapa o parte de ella si el
producto está en funcionamiento. Esto pone
a descubierto los cables y componentes
eléctricos y puede causar heridas, fuego o
daños en el producto.
19. Si un producto es instalado fijamente en un
lugar, se deberá primero conectar el
conductor protector fijo con el conductor
protector del aparato antes de hacer
cualquier otra conexión. La instalación y la
conexión deberán ser efecutadas por un
electricista especializado.
20. En caso de que los productos que son
instalados fijamente en un lugar sean sin
protector implementado, autointerruptor o
similares objetos de protección, deberá la
toma de corriente estar protegida de manera
que los productos o los usuarios estén
suficientemente protegidos.
21. Por favor, no introduzca ningún objeto que
no esté destinado a ello en los orificios de la
caja del aparato. No vierta nunca ninguna
clase de líquidos sobre o en la caja. Esto
puede producir corto circuitos en el producto
y/o puede causar golpes de corriente, fuego
o heridas.
22. Asegúrese con la protección adecuada de
que no pueda originarse en el producto una
sobrecarga por ejemplo a causa de una
tormenta. Si no se verá el personal que lo
utilice expuesto al peligro de un golpe de
corriente.
23. Los productos R&S no están protegidos
contra el agua si no es que exista otra
indicación, ver también punto 1. Si no se
tiene en cuenta esto se arriesga el peligro de
golpe de corriente o de daños en el producto
lo cual también puede llevar al peligro de
personas.
24. No utilice el producto bajo condiciones en las
que pueda producirse y se hayan producido
líquidos de condensación en o dentro del
producto como por ejemplo cuando se
desplaza el producto de un lugar frío a un
lugar caliente.
25. Por favor no cierre ninguna ranura u orificio
del producto, ya que estas son necesarias
para la ventilación e impiden que el producto
se caliente demasiado. No pongan el
producto encima de materiales blandos como
por ejemplo sofás o alfombras o dentro de
una caja cerrada, si esta no está
suficientemente ventilada.
26. No ponga el producto sobre aparatos que
produzcan calor, como por ejemplo
radiadores o calentadores. La temperatura
ambiental no debe superar la temperatura
máxima especificada en la hoja de datos.
1171.0000.42-02.00 página 4
Page 11
Informaciones de seguridad
27. Baterías y acumuladores no deben de ser
expuestos a temperaturas altas o al fuego.
Guardar baterías y acumuladores fuera del
alcance de los niños. Si las baterías o los
acumuladores no son cambiados con la
debida atención existirá peligro de explosión
(atención celulas de Litio). Cambiar las
baterías o los acumuladores solamente por
los del tipo R&S correspondiente (ver lista de
piezas de recambio). Baterías y
acumuladores son deshechos problemáticos.
Por favor tirenlos en los recipientes
especiales para este fín. Por favor tengan en
cuenta las prescripciones nacionales de cada
país referente al tratamiento de deshechos.
Nunca sometan las baterías o acumuladores
a un corto circuito.
28. Tengan en consideración de que en caso de
un incendio pueden escaparse gases tóxicos
del producto, que pueden causar daños a la
salud.
29. Por favor tengan en cuenta que en caso de
un incendio pueden desprenderse del
producto agentes venenosos (gases, líquidos
etc.) que pueden generar daños a la salud.
30. No sitúe el producto encima de superficies,
vehículos, estantes o mesas, que por sus
características de peso o de estabilidad no
sean aptas para él. Siga siempre las
instrucciones de instalación del fabricante
cuando instale y asegure el producto en
objetos o estructuras (por ejemplo paredes y
estantes).
31. Las asas instaladas en los productos sirven
solamente de ayuda para el manejo que
solamente está previsto para personas. Por
eso no está permitido utilizar las asas para la
sujecion en o sobre medios de transporte
como por ejemplo grúas, carretillas
elevadoras de horquilla, carros etc. El
usuario es responsable de que los productos
sean sujetados de forma segura a los medios
de transporte y de que las prescripciones de
seguridad del fabricante de los medios de
transporte sean tenidas en cuenta. En caso
de que no se tengan en cuenta pueden
causarse daños en personas y objetos.
32. Si llega a utilizar el producto dentro de un
vehículo, queda en la responsabilidad
absoluta del conductor que conducir el
vehículo de manera segura. Asegure el
producto dentro del vehículo debidamente
para evitar en caso de un accidente las
lesiones u otra clase de daños. No utilice
nunca el producto dentro de un vehículo en
movimiento si esto pudiera distraer al
conductor. Siempre queda en la
responsabilidad absoluta del conductor la
seguridad del vehículo y el fabricante no
asumirá ninguna clase de responsabilidad
por accidentes o colisiones.
33. Dado el caso de que esté integrado un
producto de laser en un producto R&S (por
ejemplo CD/DVD-ROM) no utilice otras
instalaciones o funciones que las descritas
en la documentación. De otra manera pondrá
en peligro su salud, ya que el rayo laser
puede dañar irreversiblemente sus ojos.
Nunca trate de descomponer estos
productos. Nunca mire dentro del rayo laser.
1171.0000.42-02.00 página 5
Page 12
ES-K1 Content
In this manual Index
I. Basic Package (ES-K1)
1. Introduction 1
2. Graphical User Interface 2
3. Standard Scripts 3
4. Standard Device Handler 4
5. Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) 5
II. Options
1. ES-K2 Script Development Kit 6
2. ES-K1x Device Handler: 7
Test Receiver and Spectrum Analyzers
3. ES-K3x Device Handler: 8
Accessory
4. ES-Kxx Special Device Handlers 9
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ES-K1 Content
Content
1 Introduction................................................................ ..................................... 1-0
1.1 Overview.............................................................................................................................. 1-1
1.1.1 Introduction to the Manual.................................................................................................. 1-1
1.1.2 Short Description................................................................................................................ 1-2
1.1.2.1 Graphical User Interface .................................................................................................... 1-2
1.1.2.2 Operating Modes of the Software ...................................................................................... 1-2
1.1.2.3 Measuring and Analyzing Functions................................................................................... 1-3
1.1.2.4 Graphics and Report .......................................................................................................... 1-3
1.1.3 Licence ............................................................................................................................... 1-3
1.2 Installation........................................................................................................................... 1-4
1.2.1 System Requirements........................................................................................................ 1-4
1.2.2 Options Concept................................................................................................................. 1-4
1.2.2.1 Basic Program.................................................................................................................... 1-5
1.2.2.2 Options ............................................................................................................................... 1-5
1.2.2.3 Multiple-user Licences........................................................................................................ 1-5
1.2.3 Installation Instructions....................................................................................................... 1-5
1.2.3.1 Manuals on the CD-ROM................................................................................................... 1-6
1.2.3.2 ES-K1 on the Controller Function of the EMI Analyzer ESIB............................................. 1-6
1.2.3.3 Authentication..................................................................................................................... 1-6
1.2.3.4 Option Disk......................................................................................................................... 1-7
1.2.3.5 Preparation for Installation ................................................................................................. 1-7
1.2.3.6 Starting the Installation....................................................................................................... 1-7
1.2.3.7 Installation Options............................................................................................................. 1-8
1.2.3.7.1 Option Installation................................................................ ................................ ................. 1-9
1.2.3.7.2 Option Update................................ ................................ ..................................................... 1-13
1.2.3.7.3 Option „Demo Installation“ ................................................................ ................................ 1-14
1.2.3.7.4 De-installation of ES-K1 Software................................ ................................ ...................... 1-14
1.2.3.8 First Steps after Installation.............................................................................................. 1-15
1.3 Introduction to Operation ................................................................................................ 1-17
1.3.1 Measurement Task (Example)......................................................................................... 1-17
1.3.1.1 Test Setup........................................................................................................................ 1-17
1.3.1.2 Block Diagram.................................................................................................................. 1-18
1.3.1.3 Definition of Terms........................................................................................................... 1-18
1.3.2 Starting ES-K1 Software .................................................................................................. 1-19
1.3.3 Programming a Measurement with ES-K1 Software........................................................ 1-20
1.3.4 Preparatory Operations for Measurement........................................................................ 1-22
1.3.4.1 Performing the Measurement........................................................................................... 1-23
1.3.4.2 Editing Data in Scan Editor Window ................................................................................ 1-24
1.3.4.2.1 Adding a Receiver................................ ................................................................ ............... 1-24
1.3.4.2.2 Changing a Frequency Range................................................................ .............................. 1-24
1.3.4.2.3 Deleting a Frequency Range ................................ ............................................................... 1-25
1.3.5 Measurement ................................................................................................................... 1-27
1.3.5.1 Example of Virtual Measurement..................................................................................... 1-27
1.3.5.2 Practical Measurements................................................................................................... 1-29
1.3.5.2.1 Measurement of Broadband Interferer in Range 150 kHz to 30 MHz ................................ 1-29
1.3.5.2.2 Measurement of Broadband Interferer in Range 9 kHz to 30 MHz .................................... 1-30
2 Graphical User Interface ................................................................................ 2-0
2.1 Overview.............................................................................................................................. 2-1
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Content ES-K1
2.2 Files...................................................................................................................................... 2-2
2.3 Filetypes .............................................................................................................................. 2-6
2.3.1 Script .................................................................................................................................. 2-6
2.3.2 Script Parameters .............................................................................................................. 2-6
2.3.3 Sequence ........................................................................................................................... 2-6
2.3.4 Measurement Result .......................................................................................................... 2-6
2.3.5 Limit Line............................................................................................................................ 2-6
2.3.6 Transducer and System Transducer.................................................................................. 2-6
2.3.7 Graphics Configuration ...................................................................................................... 2-7
2.3.8 Report Header.................................................................................................................... 2-7
2.3.9 Report Configuration .......................................................................................................... 2-7
2.3.10 Scan/Sweep Table ............................................................................................................. 2-7
2.3.11 Frequency List.................................................................................................................... 2-7
2.3.12 Test Configuration.............................................................................................................. 2-8
2.3.13 Text File.............................................................................................................................. 2-8
2.4 Editors ................................................................................................................................. 2-9
2.4.1 Sequence Editor................................................................................................................. 2-9
2.4.2 Script Parameter Editor...................................................................................................... 2-9
2.4.3 Table Editor...................................................................................................................... 2-10
2.4.4 Graphics Configuration Editor .......................................................................................... 2-12
2.4.5 Report Header Editor ....................................................................................................... 2-16
2.4.6 Report Configuration Editor.............................................................................................. 2-16
2.4.7 Scan/Sweep Editor........................................................................................................... 2-17
2.4.8 Test Configuration Editor ................................................................................................. 2-18
2.4.9 Text Editor........................................................................................................................ 2-19
2.5 Report ................................................................................................................................ 2-20
2.5.1 Print... ............................................................................................................................... 2-20
2.5.2 Printer Setup... ................................................................................................................. 2-21
2.6 Special Functions............................................................................................................. 2-22
2.6.1 Configuration.................................................................................................................... 2-22
2.6.2 Quit (Alt-F4)..................................................................................................................... 2-22
2.7 Options Menu.................................................................................................................... 2-23
2.7.1 Device Configuration........................................................................................................ 2-23
2.7.2 Selftest ............................................................................................................................. 2-24
2.7.3 Simulator .......................................................................................................................... 2-25
2.7.4 Login, User List and Change Password........................................................................... 2-26
2.7.5 Edit Accessory and Configure Accessory ........................................................................ 2-28
2.7.6 Main Toolbar, Device Toolbar and Status Bar ................................................................. 2-28
2.7.7 Background ...................................................................................................................... 2-29
2.7.8 Change Language............................................................................................................ 2-29
2.8 Measurement Functions .................................................................................................. 2-30
2.8.1 Interactive Device Dialog.................................................................................................. 2-30
2.8.2 Sequence ......................................................................................................................... 2-30
2.8.3 Script ................................................................................................................................ 2-30
2.8.4 Measurement Functions................................................................................................... 2-31
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ES-K1 Content
2.8.4.1 Scan and Sweep Functions with Automatically Generated Graphics .............................. 2-31
2.8.4.2 Single Measurement ........................................................................................................ 2-33
2.9 Evaluation Functions ....................................................................................................... 2-37
2.9.1 Acceptance Analysis ........................................................................................................ 2-37
2.9.2 Peak Reduction................................................................................................................ 2-38
2.9.3 Subrange Maxima Reduction........................................................................................... 2-39
2.9.4 Subrange Minima Reduction............................................................................................ 2-40
2.9.5 Maxima Reduction ........................................................................................................... 2-41
2.9.6 Octave Maxima Reduction ............................................................................................... 2-41
2.9.7 Narrowband/Broadband Discrimination ........................................................................... 2-41
2.9.8 Conversion to ... / MHz..................................................................................................... 2-43
2.9.9 Unit Conversion................................................................................................................ 2-43
2.9.10 Merge Data....................................................................................................................... 2-44
2.9.11 Exclude Ambients ............................................................................................................ 2-44
2.9.12 Weighted Addition............................................................................................................ 2-44
2.9.13 Reduce to Frequency List ................................................................................................ 2-45
2.9.14 GTEM Correlation ............................................................................................................ 2-45
2.9.15 S-LINE Correlation ........................................................................................................... 2-48
3 Standard Scripts ............................................................................................. 3-0
3.1 Cable Calibration ................................................................................................................ 3-7
3.1.1 Description ......................................................................................................................... 3-7
3.1.2 List of the Script Parameters.............................................................................................. 3-8
3.2 Probe Calibration.............................................................................................................. 3-12
3.2.1 Description ....................................................................................................................... 3-12
3.2.2 List of the Script Parameters............................................................................................ 3-13
3.3 Site Attenuation ................................................................................................................ 3-18
3.3.1 Description ....................................................................................................................... 3-18
3.3.2 List of the Script Parameters............................................................................................ 3-21
3.4 Overview Test ................................................................................................................... 3-28
3.4.1 Description ....................................................................................................................... 3-28
3.4.2 List of the Script Parameters............................................................................................ 3-29
3.5 Semi Interactive Test........................................................................................................ 3-35
3.5.1 Description ....................................................................................................................... 3-35
3.5.2 List of the Script Parameters............................................................................................ 3-36
3.6 Power Test ........................................................................................................................ 3-42
3.6.1 Description ....................................................................................................................... 3-42
3.6.2 Parameter Sets ................................................................................................................ 3-42
3.6.3 List of the Script Parameters............................................................................................ 3-43
3.7 Voltage Mains Test ........................................................................................................... 3-52
3.7.1 Description ....................................................................................................................... 3-52
3.7.2 Parameter Sets ................................................................................................................ 3-52
3.7.3 List of the Script Parameters............................................................................................ 3-53
3.8 Voltage Terminal Test ...................................................................................................... 3-63
3.8.1 Description ....................................................................................................................... 3-63
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Content ES-K1
3.8.2 Parameter Sets ................................................................................................................ 3-63
3.8.3 List of the Script Parameters............................................................................................ 3-64
3.9 Azimuth Chart Test........................................................................................................... 3-70
3.9.1 Description ....................................................................................................................... 3-70
3.9.2 List of the Script Parameters............................................................................................ 3-71
3.10 Field Strength Test ........................................................................................................... 3-76
3.10.1 Description ....................................................................................................................... 3-76
3.10.2 Parameter Sets ................................................................................................................ 3-77
3.10.3 List of the Script Parameters............................................................................................ 3-78
3.11 Field Strength Test (fast) ................................................................................................. 3-91
3.11.1 Description ....................................................................................................................... 3-91
3.11.2 Parameter Sets ................................................................................................................ 3-91
3.11.3 List of the Script Parameters............................................................................................ 3-92
3.12 Magnetic Field Strength Test ........................................................................................ 3-102
3.12.1 Description ..................................................................................................................... 3-102
3.12.2 Parameter Sets .............................................................................................................. 3-102
3.12.3 List of the Script Parameters.......................................................................................... 3-103
3.13 GTEM Test....................................................................................................................... 3-112
3.13.1 Description ..................................................................................................................... 3-112
3.13.2 Parameter Sets .............................................................................................................. 3-112
3.13.3 List of the Script Parameters.......................................................................................... 3-113
3.14 S-LINE Test...................................................................................................................... 3-121
3.14.1 Description ..................................................................................................................... 3-121
3.14.2 Parameter Sets .............................................................................................................. 3-121
3.14.3 List of the Script Parameters.......................................................................................... 3-122
3.15 Automotive Test.............................................................................................................. 3-129
3.15.1 Description ..................................................................................................................... 3-129
3.15.2 Parameter Sets .............................................................................................................. 3-129
3.15.3 List of the Script Parameters.......................................................................................... 3-130
3.16 EMI STD Test................................................................................................................... 3-137
3.16.1 Description ..................................................................................................................... 3-137
3.16.2 Parameter Sets .............................................................................................................. 3-137
3.16.3 List of the Script Parameters.......................................................................................... 3-138
3.17 MIL STD 461/462 C Test ................................................................................................. 3-144
3.17.1 Description ..................................................................................................................... 3-144
3.17.2 Parameter Sets .............................................................................................................. 3-144
3.17.3 List of the Script Parameters.......................................................................................... 3-145
3.18 MIL STD D Limits ............................................................................................................ 3-151
3.18.1 Description ..................................................................................................................... 3-151
3.18.2 List of the Script Parameters.......................................................................................... 3-152
3.19 GAM Test ......................................................................................................................... 3-153
3.19.1 Description ..................................................................................................................... 3-153
3.19.2 Parameter Sets .............................................................................................................. 3-153
3.19.3 List of the Script Parameters.......................................................................................... 3-154
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ES-K1 Content
3.20 RF Exposure Test ........................................................................................................... 3-160
3.20.1 Description ..................................................................................................................... 3-160
3.20.2 Parameter Sets .............................................................................................................. 3-161
3.20.3 List of the Script Parameters.......................................................................................... 3-162
4 Standard Device Drivers ................................................................................ 4-0
4.1 V Networks ESH2-Z5 / ENV 4200 and ES-H3-Z5 / ENV 216............................................. 4-1
4.1.1 Interactive Mode................................................................................................................. 4-1
4.1.2 Script Mode ........................................................................................................................ 4-1
4.1.3 IEEE Bus Commands ........................................................................................................ 4-1
4.2 Triple Loop Antenna HM020 .............................................................................................. 4-3
4.2.1 Interactive Mode................................................................................................................. 4-3
4.2.2 Script Mode ........................................................................................................................ 4-3
4.2.3 IEEE Bus Commands ........................................................................................................ 4-3
4.3 Relay Matrix RSU/PSU........................................................................................................ 4-4
4.3.1 Concept .............................................................................................................................. 4-4
4.3.2 Setup of the RSU Drivers................................................................................................... 4-4
4.3.3 Setup of the SUPER-RSU Driver ....................................................................................... 4-5
4.3.4 Script Mode ........................................................................................................................ 4-5
4.4 Driver LPT I/O...................................................................................................................... 4-6
4.4.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................4-6
4.4.2 Hardware............................................................................................................................ 4-6
4.4.3 Properties........................................................................................................................... 4-6
4.4.4 Dialog mode ....................................................................................................................... 4-6
4.4.5 Script Commands............................................................................................................... 4-8
4.5 Relay Matrix TS-RSP .......................................................................................................... 4-9
4.5.1 Device ................................................................................................................................4-9
4.5.2 Properties........................................................................................................................... 4-9
4.5.3 Operating Dialog .............................................................................................................. 4-10
4.5.4 Overview of the Script Commands................................................................................... 4-11
5 Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) ..................................................................... 5-0
5.1 General ................................................................................................................................ 5-1
5.1.1 DDE Commands ................................................................................................................ 5-1
5.2 DDE with MS WORD for Windows™................................................................................. 5-1
5.1.1 General Command Syntax with WORD for Windows™ .................................................... 5-1
5.1.2 Creating a Test Report....................................................................................................... 5-2
5.3 DDE Commands of the Application ES-K1 ...................................................................... 5-6
5.3.1 ES-K1 DDE Topics............................................................................................................. 5-6
5.3.1.1 General State of the System .............................................................................................. 5-6
5.3.1.2 Lists .................................................................................................................................... 5-7
5.3.1.3 Graphics Configuration ...................................................................................................... 5-8
5.3.1.4 Report Header.................................................................................................................... 5-9
5.3.1.5 Report Configuration ........................................................................................................ 5-10
5.3.1.6 Scan/Sweep Table ........................................................................................................... 5-11
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1 Introduction
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Page 20
ES-K1 Introduction
1.1 Overview
1.1.1 Introduction to the Manual
The following chapters provide a complete description of the EMI Application Software ES-K1. Users
working with the EMI Apllication Software ES-K1 for the first time are recommended to read through
chapters 1 to 4 one after the other.
Chapter 1 "Introduction", provides a general overview.
Chapter 2 "Graphical User Interface“, describes the elements of the graphical user interface.
Chapter 3 "Standard Script Description", provides information on the enclosed standard scripts.
Chapter 4 "Standard Device Drivers", describes the function of the Rohde & Schwarz V-networks,
relay switching units, etc..
The Options ES-Kxx provide information about the use of the script language FSL (Flexible Script
Language) and the device drivers.
Option ES-K2, "Script Development Kit", explains how a script is produced and includes a
description of the general language elements of FSL and a list of all standard
functions, system-specific and device-specific functions.
Option ES-K1x, "Device Driver", contains a list of all device drivers for test receivers and spectrum
analyzers including their application, which are supported by the EMI Application
Software ES-K1.
Option ES-K3x, "Device Driver", contains a list of all device drivers for accessories including their
application, which are supported by the EMI Application Software ES-K1.
Option ES-K50, "Device Driver", contains the universal IEEE-bus device driver for simple ASCII
communication with devices that can be controlled via IEEE bus.
Option ES-K80, "Device driver", contains the device driver for the R&S TTL card PS-B11.
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Introduction ES-K1
1.1.2 Short Description
The Rohde&Schwarz EMI Software package ES-K1 is an up-to-date and user-friendly software which
can be ideally used for all EMI measurements of conducted and radiated interference.
The number of measurements required to ensure electromagnetic compatibility (EMV) is continuously
increasing, along with the demand for reliability, reproducibility and economic efficiency of these
measurements.
Features of the EMI Application Software ES-K1:
User-friendly software for Microsoft WindowsTM 95 / 98 / 98SE / ME / NT 4.0 / 2000 / XP
Ÿ
EMI measurements both to international commercial standards (CISPR, VDE, FCC, VCCI,
Ÿ
ANSI, EN) and military standards (MIL, VG, DEF-STAN, GAM-EG13)
Possible adaptation to other standards
Ÿ
Automatic and interactive mode
Ÿ
Transmission factors and limit lines are automatically considered in the calculation of the results
Ÿ
Evaluation of narrowband and broadband interference
Ÿ
Calibration of the test setup
Ÿ
Comfortable and flexible documentation of measurement results
Ÿ
Various ways of data export
Ÿ
Future extensions can be easily implemented due to the option concept
Ÿ
1.1.2.1 Graphical User Interface
The EMI Application Software ES-K1 for WINDOWSTM is equipped with a graphical user interface,
which permits to start with the program immediately and can be readily operated by the user.
1.1.2.2 Operating Modes of the Software
The measurement procedures can be executed either in interactive mode or automatically, depending
on the application of the software.
a) Interactive mode
In interactive mode, each device can be controlled individually by means of its own window. All other
functions such as measuring and analyzing functions can also be operated interactively.
b) Automatic mode
The automatic measurement runs are implemented by scripts of a macro language, thus releasing the
user from routine tasks. The scripts control the measurement run, evaluate the measurement results
and produce the necessary reports for documentation of the measurement results.
An option for the system software is the Script Development Environment (ES-K2). This environment
permits the user to modify the supplied standard scripts in order to match them to the latest standards. It
also allows him to develop scripts that cover completely new standards. Of course, this environment
also contains debugging aids and test facilities, which simplify the generation and modification of the
scripts.
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ES-K1 Introduction
1.1.2.3 Measuring and Analyzing Functions
The Software ES-K1 supports a number of measuring and analyzing functions. This is necessary to
minimize the number of measurements to be performed again, which are very time-consuming.
Possible measurements are the scan, the execution of a fast overview measurement (sweep) and the
measurement performed at discrete frequencies.
The most important ways of evaluation (data reduction) are the acceptance analysis, peak reduction,
subrange maxima and subrange minima reduction, maxima reduction and narrowband/broadband
discrimination.
Further possible evaluations are used to combine measurement results, output MIL measurement
results in a broadband-related display (/MHz) and eliminate known interference, e.g. ambients.
A very particular type of data handling is the GTEM correlation, which permits to convert measurement
results to open-area conditions using the GTEM cell.
A similar correlation for S-LINE measurement cells is also available.
1.1.2.4 Graphics and Report
Measurement results, limit lines and transducer factors can be displayed in a manifold and flexible way
as table or graphics. Up to eight different traces can be shown in a window with linear or logarithmic
frequency axis. The shape, line style and colour of the graphical elements can be optimally adapted to
the requirements of the documentation.
For interactive, graphical evaluation of the measurement results, a marker and a delta marker are
available, which can be easily positioned using the mouse. The zoom function permits to enlarge any
section of the measurement. The measurement results can be displayed simultaneously in various
windows.
The measurement results are summed up in a report which is configured by the user himself. In addition
to a report header, all data relevant to the measurement can be output, e.g. scan and sweep table. The
output of the measurement results, limit lines and transducers is possible both in tabular and graphical
form.
1.1.3 Licence
The EMI Application Software ES-K1 is protected by a hardware adapter (hardlock), which is connected
to the parallel interface of the computer. This does not impair the function of the interface, i.e. the
adapter is transparent for the user.
Note:
The user must make sure that the hardlock is firmly connected!
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Introduction ES-K1
1.2 Installation
1.2.1 System Requirements
EMI Application Software ES-K1 can be used with any computer fulfilling the following system
requirements:
• Microsoft Windows
• CPU: 486; PENTIUM recommended
• 16 Mbyte RAM; 64 Mbytes recommended
• At least 60 Mbytes free memory on the harddisk
• SVGA graphics adapter (800x600 pixels); XVGA (1024x768 pixels) recommended
• GPIB interface compatible with National Instruments GPIB interface with Windows device driver
(PCII/IIA, AT-GPIB , AT-GPIB/TNT, PCI-GPIB, PCMCIA-GPIB)
EMI Software ES-K1 fitted with the associated drivers for GPIB interface can be used with the operating
systems listed above.
The installation software automatically considers the conditions depending on the operating system.
Note: All path indications generated in the ES-K1 have to comply with DOS conventions, i.e.
meet the rule <8 characters>.<3 extension> .
TM
95 / 98 / 98SE / ME / NT 4.0 / 2000 / XP
1.2.2 Options Concept
Due to its options concept the software is easy to handle and future-safe. The drivers required for the
units and additional software options are combined to form the software core.
EMI Software ES-K1 supports all EMI test receivers and spectrum analyzers from Rohde & Schwarz, ie
the models of receiver family ESCS, ESHS, ESVS, ESVD, ESPC und ESS, the EMI test receivers
based on spectrum analyzers ESPI, ESIB, ESAI, ESBI und ESMI and still the instruments ESH3, ESVP
and EZM.
In addition to these receivers, a large number of remote-controllable accessories is used. These are
amongst others artificial-mains networks and V-networks ESH2-Z5, ENV4200, ESH3-Z5 and ENV216,
Absorbing Clamp Slideways for the measurement of conducting interference as well as remotecontrollable Positioning Mast and Turntable for measuring RFI fieldstrength. Relay matrices are used for
switching the antenna and transducers.
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ES-K1 Introduction
1.2.2.1 Basic Program
EMI Software ES-K1 comprise the following components:
• EMI software core under Windows
automated test sequences and other standard data (limit values, etc.)
• Drivers for R&S artificial-mains networks ESH2-Z5, ENV4200, ESH3-Z5 and ENV216 as well as for
R&S relay switch units (PSU, RSU,PSN, TS-RSP).
• Internal database for data management (scripts, limit-value lines, transducers, graphics, scan tables,
test results, etc.)
The data of ES-K1 internal database can be exported for transfer and filing operations, new data can be
imported.
The internal database can be configured with the supplied standard data during the installation.
TM
contains the graphics user interface, standard scripts for
1.2.2.2 Options
The following options (receiver and accessories) can be used with ES-K1:
ES-K2 Script development environment
ES-K10 Driver for R&S EMI test receivers ESCS / ESPC / ESHS / ESVS / ESVD
ES-K11 Driver for R&S EMI test receivers ESS
ES-K12 Driver for R&S EMI test receivers ESAI / ESBI / ESMI
ES-K13 Driver for R&S EMI test receivers ESH3 / ESVP
ES-K14 Driver for R&S EMI test receivers ESH3-EZM / ESVP-EZM
ES-K15 Driver for R&S spectrum analyzers FSA / FSB / FSM
ES-K16 Driver for R&S EMI test receivers ESIB and spectrum analyzers FSE (FSIQ)
ES-K17 Driver for R&S tempest receivers FSET
ES-K18 Driver for R&S EMI test receivers ESPI
ES-K19 Driver for R&S spectrum analyzers FSP and FSU
ES-K20 Driver for R&S EMI test receivers ESCI
ES-K30 Driver for Schäfer Mast HCM (RSM) and Turntable HCT (RST)
ES-K31 Driver for Schäfer Absorbing Clamp Slidebar HCA (RSA)
ES-K32 Driver for EMCO Mast with Controller 1050 and EMCO Turntable with Controller 1060, as
well as for combined Controllers 1090 and 2090
ES-K33 Driver for DEISEL Mast and Turntable with Controller HD50/100
ES-K34 Driver for DEISEL Absorbing Clamp Slidebar with Controller HD50/100
ES-K37 Driver for AKZO Mast and Turntable with Controller ASC-300
ES-K40 Driver for EMCO Mast and Turntable with Controller 2090, and for SUNOL Mast and
Turntable with Controller SC9xV
ES-K50 Universal GPIB driver
1.2.2.3 Multiple-user Licences
ES-K100 Licence for the use of EMI Application Software by several users. An additional hardlock
will be supplied for each ES-K100 ordered.
1.2.3 Installation Instructions
Scope of supply of EMI Software ES-K1:
• CD-ROM for installing the software
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Introduction ES-K1
• Hardlock key (dongle) for authentication (not with an update)
• Option disk with customer-specific authentication code (not with an update)
• Operating manual (not with an update)
The EMI Software ES-K1 is installed on the PC from the the CD-ROM.
If necessary then a set of installation disks can be generated from the CD-ROM through starting the
batch file 'DISKS.BAT'. Eight formatted disks will be needed then.
1.2.3.1 Manuals on the CD-ROM
On the CD-ROM there's a subdirectory 'Manuals' which holds PDF files that represent the manuals.
Those files can be viewed and printed with the "Acrobat Reader" from Adobe Systems Inc. It also
enables to perform full text searches.
The "Acrobat Reader" is an application which is available free of charge (freeware) and also included on
the CD-ROM. If that application is already installed on the PC then PDF files can be viewed without
further action. In the Internet there are many documents stored as PDF files. The latest version of the
"Acrobat Reader" can also be downloaded from the Internet (http://www.adobe.com).
To install the "Acrobat Reader" (version 4.0) from the CD-ROM on your computer proceed as follows
(drive D: refers to the CD-ROM drive):
Go to the "Start" button and select "Run".
Enter ' D:\AcroRd32\setup ' and follow the instructions of the installation program.
1.2.3.2 ES-K1 on the Controller Function of the EMI Analyzer ESIB
If the application ES-K1 shall be installed on the controller function (Windows NT) of the EMI analyzer
ESIB then the following topics have to be considered:
The built-in LCD display has a resolution of 640x480 pixels (VGA), but the application requires a
resolution of minimum 800x600 pixels (SVGA). Therefore the application can only be operated with an
external monitor for which a higher resolution can be selected. To do so the softkey "Ext. Monitor" in the
general setup of the instrument firmware has to be activated and then on the PC side (Windows NT) the
property settings of the 'Display' ('Control Panel') have to be modified. Further details can be found in
the ESIB manual (chapter 1.7: Connecting an External Monitor).
For the installation of the application under Windows NT you need administrator access privileges
because also the hardlock driver (a system driver) needs to be installed. You have to do a login with the
'administrator' identification. Further details can be found in the ESIB manual (chapter 1.4: Controller
Function). Once the application has been successfully installed you can change back to the original
login with 'instrument' identification.
If the application doesn't need to control any other GPIB devices besides the ESIB then a second GPIB
interface is not necessary and can be replaced by the internal software interface "RSIB". Further details
can be found in the ES-K16 manual (Operation with the RSIB Interface)
1.2.3.3 Authentication
When using ES-K1 software, the hardlock key (dongle) is required for authentication if a test receiver
and/or accessories are to be controlled via the GPIB interface. If the software is operated without a
suitable hardlock, it runs in the im Demo mode, i.e. the GPIB interface cannot be physically addressed,
the units can only be operated virtually. The other functions can all be used without any restriction.
The hardlock is not required during installation but on starting the ES-K1.
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1.2.3.4 Option Disk
This disk which is supplied in addition to the installation disk and queried by the software during
installation contains the ID files (ID: identification) coded to the associated hardlock key according to the
specific customer's requirements. The files allow the use of ES-K1 with the user's test receivers or
options (accessories). The options are offered by the setup program for installation.
If no option disk is available then only an update can be done which in turn requires the existence of an
earlier installation or version of the application.
If an installation of version 1.50 exists then an option disk can b egenerated from there through starting
the batch file 'OPT-DISK.BAT' in the referring subdirectory '...\EXECUTE\'.
1.2.3.5 Preparation for Installation
Prior to installation, check the GPIB configuration for correct settings (using the configuration program
supplied with the GPIB card):
DMA Channel: NONE, driver setting and interface setting should match
Base I/O Address: driver setting and interface setting should match
Interrupt Line: driver setting and interface setting should match; may alsobe
set to NONE
Enable Auto Serial Polling: NO
Assert REN when System Controller YES
All settings can be performed indepedent of the operating system using the associated configuration
programs. The configuration can to be set in the 'Control Panel' under 'System' using the 'Device
Manager', under Windows NT 4.0 in the 'Control Panel'.
If the software is operated on a computer without GPIB driver, the ES-K1 displays the error message
("Data error - Data GPIB.DLL not found."). This message can be ignored, the software runs in the demo
mode in this case.
1.2.3.6 Starting the Installation
The EMI Application Software ES-K1 has to be installed under Windows. To do this, the first installation
disk is to be inserted in the corresponding drive.
The installation is performed via the taskbar under Windows 95 / 98 / NT4.0 (for Windows NT4.0 / 2000
/ XP administrator access privileges are required for the installation!):
1. Open the Start menu. Select the menu item settings and system control to open the associated
window.
2. The dialog is opened by clicking the icon Software and the setup.exe program is automatically
selected from the disk by clicking the Installation key.
Note: The installation language is in English. Prior to starting the setup program terminate all
other Windows applications.
When re-installing EMI Software ES-K1 all presettings offered in the queries and dialogs of the
installation program can be accepted with Next or Continue.
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1.2.3.7 Installation Options
After starting the setup program the following is displayed on the screen:
The option Update is used for former versions of the EMI software, which is installed in the system.
The option Demo Installation performs an installation of the ES-K1 specifically for demos.
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1.2.3.7.1 Option Installation
This option allows the installation of EMI Software ES-K1, the supplied drivers and options (by querying
the option disk) and the pre-configured database.
This dialog field selects the directory, in which EMI Software ES-K1 is to be installed. Use the Browse..
key to change the directory or to enter a new directory.
Note: The path name under which the ES-K1 software is to be installed should not exceed a
length of 30 characters.
The setup program then queries the customer-specific option disk:
After inserting the option disk in the cooresponding drive, the setup program offers the drivers and
options for EMI Software ES-K1 via the supplied ID files. All supplied components are usually installed,
confirmation with the Next key is sufficient.
If only specific options are to be installed, selection is via Change.. key from selected components
Program Files, EMI Test Receivers and Acessory Drivers:
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After selecting the corresponding components and clicking the Change... key, another dialog field
allows the specific selection of options by a click:
After selecting the components and options to be installed, the installation of the pre-configured
database for EMI Software ES-K1 is offered.
The option Install Standard Database installs the pre-configured database with the standard data
(scripts, limit-value lines, scan data, transducers, etc.). The option Create New Database is used when
an existing external database is to be imported after the installation.
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ES-K1 Introduction
If an ES-K1 database is detected, either the existing database is saved in a backup directory before
creating the new database or this step is skipped by selecting the option No Database Installation.
EMI Software ES-K1, the associated Readme files of the installed components and options as well as
the Help files are combined in a program group, which can be selected via the next dialog:
Program group EMI is offered as a default setting:
Before the installation is performed by transferring the files from the installation disks, the setup program
again indicates the selected installation options, the selected components and options, the program path
and the program group for verification:
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Introduction ES-K1
The current state of the file transfer to the harddisk is displayed during the subsequent installation
through a progress bar.
At the end of the installation, a re-start of Windows or of the computer (depending on the operating
system) is offered to activate the newly installed driver of the hardlock required to operate the ES-K1:
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The ES-K1 program can be started in the selected program group by clicking the R&S icon after
termination of the setup program:
The ES-K1 Readme File contains general and additional current information on EMI Software ES-K1,
which must be taken into account before using the ES-K1 software.
Directory structure of EMI Software ES-K1:
The database of EMI Software ES-K1 is installed in the 'DATA' directory or in
the directories below. All relevant data such as limit lines, transducers, scan
and sweep data, test results, scripts, etc. are stored here.
The directory 'DOC' contains README files for the installed options and more.
The executable program components (binaries, DLLs etc.) are located in the
directory 'EXECUTE' and the referring subdirectories 'DEVICES' and 'ES-K1'.
The supplied databases which are pre-installed by the setup program is
available through a number of directories:
The directory 'I02' holds script examples from the manual for the "script
development kit" ES-K2.
The receiver-specific scan and sweep tables can be imported from
subdirectories of 'Ixx' (refers to receiver option ES-Kxx).
The 'Standard Data' (limit lines, standard scripts, etc.) are located in
subdirectories of 'IMPSTD'.
The meaning of the subdirectories inside (topics) is explained in the
Readme file.
The 'OPTIONS' directory contains the customer-specific authentication files for
the hardlock.
The background pictures for the ES-K1 software are stored in the 'WMF'
directory.
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1.2.3.7.2 Option Update
The installation of the option Update serves for the automatic transfer of customer-specific hardlock key
files of an existing former EMI software installation. This option does not require a specific option disk
since a check for the presence of an ES-K1 software is performed at the beginning of the installation.
If such a version is detected, the drivers and options offered for the installation result from the existing
ID files.
Note: The installation of the new version of EMI Software ES-K1 should always be carried out in
its own directory (without overwriting of an existing version).
Existing data sets can be exported from the old version and imported into the new version of ES-K1.
1.2.3.7.3 Option „Demo Installation“
No customer-specific option disk is required for the installation of the demo mode, all drivers and options
can be selected. This installation of EMI Software ES-K1 is provided for trying out the software in the
demo mode (without active operation via the GPIB interface) or for full operation of ES-K1 with demo
hardlock code 0001.
1.2.3.7.4 De-installation of ES-K1 Software
To de-install EMI Software ES-K1, double-click the Un-Install ES-K1 icon. The de-installation software
clears all subdirectories generated under the installation directory and files, except the database files
created by the user after the installation as well as the file ES-K1.INI in the subdirectory ..\EXECUTE\.
The above-mentioned files or the paths created after the installation are to be manually cleared, as
required.
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1.2.3.8 First Steps after Installation
EMI Software ES-K1 has a password protection for each user, which offers the following advantages:
• The data are protected against unauthorized access
• The configuration of the system can be only changed by authorized persons
In addition, each user of ES-K1 is allocated to a user group. The user groups can be allocated to the
three user classes with different access rights:
• System manager
• Extended
• Standard
User groups or user names are not provided on delivery of the software. Therefore, log-in dialog is not
called when the ES-K1 software is started for the first time, but the user group dialog:
After setting up the user group with the ADD key, the list of users to belong to the defiend group is
entered in the subsequent dialog:
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Note: At least one system manager should be defined since it is only the system manager who
can enter further users in the list of users.
When a user logs in for the first time, the entry and confirmation of the password is required:
After these steps, the installation and the setup of EMI Software ES-K1 is terminated for the user. The
next chapter gives an introduction on how to perform measurements.
Annotation:
When the application window is minimized under Windows NT 4.0, then the window cannot be restored
with the left mouse button, but with the right mouse button instead.
Important Note:
The databases generated by the application are not designed for multi user access, i.e. only one user
may access such a database at a time.
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ES-K1 Introduction
1.3 Introduction to Operation
In the example below, interactive control of the software is explained step by step to familiarize the user
with the logical sequence of operations.
The example is based on a specific measurement task that can be performed immediately with the
equipment shown. For practising, the measurement can also be performed without the said equipment
in the virtual operating mode. This mode is automatically selected if there is no hardlock at the printer
output of the computer. In this case, the "Test Setup" and "Block Diagram" sections are irrelevant, and
the values entered into the test report are simulated values supplied by an internal random generator.
1.3.1 Measurement Task (Example)
Measurement of EMI voltage on the power line of a domestic appliance with 200 W power
consumption; continuous interference, pure broadband interference, ie without internal processor or the
like.
Test setup to CISPR 16-2, Figure 2.
Limit values to EN 55014
1.3.1.1 Test Setup
FIG 1: Test setup to CISPR 16-2
groundplane
40
DUT
> 200
>80
LISN
30..40
test receiver
80
wooden
table
u-cond-3
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Introduction ES-K1
1.3.1.2 Block Diagram
EUT
power supply
RFI
LISN
RFI
LP filter
HP filter
line selection
RFI
EMI test receiver
TTL
GPIB
PC with ES-K1
mains
FIG 2: Block diagram of EMI test setup
1.3.1.3 Definition of Terms
Some terms necessary for understanding ES-K1 operation are explained below.
Transducers are four-terminal networks connected between the input of the test setup and the test
receiver, for example a test antenna in EMI field strength measurements. The antenna converts in a
defined manner the EMI field strength level (given in dB(µV/m) for electrical field strength) into a voltage
level (measured in dB(µV)), which is displayed by the test receiver. The difference between the two
numerical values is referred to as transducer factor (unit: dB(1/m)), which is usually frequencydependent. Stored transducer data, therefore, always include the transducer factor and the conversion
into the correct unit so that the result displayed has the correct magnitude and unit.
Standards, which are listed in the ES-K1 database, contain information on emission limit values, the
frequency range to which a given standard applies and on the setup of the test receiver. All of the
standards in question cover product families. For example, the EN55014 standard applies to "Electrical
equipment and systems" covering, among other equipment, all domestic appliances and electric tools.
Scanning is the tuning of the test receiver step by step across a given frequency range. For this, the
step size (absolute or as percentage of the tuning frequency), the dwell time for each frequency, and the
start and stop frequencies are to be defined. Synthesized test receivers (eg ESxS, ESS, ESPC) are
typically tuned by scanning.
Sweeping is the continuous tuning of a test receiver across a given frequency range. In addition to start
and stop frequencies, the time for the receiver to sweep the frequency range is to be defined. This
tuning mode is typically employed by spectrum analyzers, although some analyzers can be tuned step
by step as well (eg ESMI). Series ESxS and ESS test receivers have no sweep capability. No sweep
tables are therefore supplied for these units.
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1.3.2 Starting ES-K1 Software
Activate ES-K1 icon
in Windows Program
Manager field.
FIG 3: ES-K1
software icon
NOTE: The user name and password must be entered in exactly the same notation (upper-case
and lower-case letters) as in program installation. Even the slightest difference will result in
abortion of the program. It is therefore advisable to note down the user name and password
before entering them during program installation.
Confirm user name with TAB key (not with
RETURN!), and password with OK or RETURN.
The response message depends on whether or not
a hardlock is installed at the printer output. For
practising, the program can be run without
hardlock. In this case, the window (FIG 5) shown
opposite will appear:
When program has been loaded,
enter user name and password (log-in):
FIG 4: Log-in dialog window
FIG 5
On confirmation with OK, the default background mask of ES-K1 Software (FIG 6) appears, from which
operation of the program can be started.
FIG 6: Background mask for Software ES-K1
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1.3.3 Programming a Measurement with ES-K1 Software
As an initial step, configuration of the test equipment as shown in the test setup (FIG 2) is to be defined.
For this, select Device Configuration... from the Options menu.
FIG 7 Device configuration dialog window
Instruments addressed by ES-K1 can be loaded into the Device field.
On clicking on , available devices appear after approx. 10 s in the Device field from where they
can be selected by means of the scrollbar. In this example, Test Receiver ESHS is selected. Then the
Interface (Õ GBIB0), Address (Õ17) and Mode are to be set. The virtual or physical mode is selected
automatically depending on whether a hardlock is installed or the measurement is performed with real
devices, see 1.3). Devices can be switched passive (Active not selected). This prevents measurement
errors in the case of devices listed but not connected.
Entries in the Name field are optional. They describe a device more precisely if several devices of the
same type are used. Entries in the Description field are optional, too.
On clicking on , ESHS is transferred as the first device to position <End of table>, which thus
moves one line down, ie <End of table> is always indicated at the end of the list.
Next, Two-Line V-Network ESH3-Z5 is to be selected in the Device field. ESH3-Z5 has no GPIB
interface but is driven via the parallel TTL interface of the test receiver (see FIG 2), so the GPIB address
of the test receiver is to be entered, ie the default address 20 is to be changed to 17. Then Two-Line
V-Network ESH3-Z5 is to be transferred to the device table by clicking on Insert. FIG 8 shows the
complete device configuration. Any entries made in the Name and Description fields are displayed in
the corresponding columns of the device table.
Make sure to confirm the settings made in the Device Configuration window with , otherwise
the settings will be lost. Note: if there is no response on clicking on OK, click on Modify even if no
modifications were made, then OK will be active in any case.
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FIG 8: Completed device configuration. Return to main menu with .
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1.3.4 Preparatory Operations for Measurement
The shortest way of parameterizing the devices used is by calling the data stored in the database of the
software, ie tuning mode of test receiver (scan or sweep), transducer characteristics (eg of artificial
mains networks) and limit values stipulated by standards. The ES-K1 database is managed by the
Navigator, which is called from the File menu (FIG 10).
For initial use of the ES-K1 software, information first has to be loaded into the database and is then
available for any subsequent measurements.
Software handling is therefore different after initial installation and subsequent operations.
After installation, the Scan Table for the receiver used must be loaded. To load the table, first call the
Navigator (Backup Database) from the File menu.
FIG 9
The Browse key (FIG 9) activates the Path dialog window with the import directory (see README files)
from which a subdirectory with the scan tables for the receiver used is selected.
FIG 10: Subdirectory K10/EHS with scan tables for Receiver EHS
Then the required scan tables designated with the name of the standard are marked and transferred to
the scan table under Navigator... by means of Execute.
The standard import database is stored in the same directory in which the ES-K1 Software was
installed. The scan and sweep tables can be selected from the subdirectories for the receiver versions
(K10, K11, etc).
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1.3.4.1 Performing the Measurement
When preparatory operations as described under 1.3.4 are completed (required only after installation,
not for recall of ES-K1 Software), the measurement task as defined in chapter 1.3.1 is performed
through the following steps:
Call Navigator from the File menu. In the Navigator window (FIG 11), click on Open under Function
and select Scan Table under File Type. Under File Name, select EN55014 Voltage and click on OK.
The Scan Editor window (FIG 13) will appear.
FIG 11: Navigator database manager selected from File menu. Selection of Open function and
Scan Table file type. Calling of EN55014 Voltage file.
The Scan Editor window usually already contains data from previous settings. What the operator has to
do is to edit the data to make the required settings for each subrange. The Subranges list box (upper
right in FIG 16) is of primary importance. The list box will however be empty after installation of the
software. In this case, proceed as described under 1.1.4.2.
It is important to note that for each subrange selected from the Subranges list box the settings in the
Subrange window below are made separately, while the settings made under Unit, Detector and Mode
above apply jointly to all subranges. It is therefore advisable to assign one of the four possible detectors
(MaxPeak, Average, QuasiPeak and RMS, selectable under Detector) to each of the four curves
(Curve 1 to 4). Desired detectors for the individual subranges can then be selected from the Control
window below the Subrange window.
Select the desired subrange from the Subranges list box by means of a double click . The associated
settings will be displayed in the Subrange window.
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1.3.4.2 Editing Data in Scan Editor Window
1.3.4.2.1 Adding a Receiver
By clicking on Receiver in the Subrange window, all receivers entered in the Device Configuration
table can be called. The selected receiver is shown with the settings stored in previous measurements
displayed in the various windows under Subrange. Make the required settings including
Attenuation/Gain, Transducer, Curve 1 to 4 and Demodulation. Conclude settings with Subrange
Check. Click on Insert (upper right). In doing so, make sure that the blue selection line in the
Subranges list box indicates a frequency range higher than the subrange to be added. Otherwise an
error message will be output. Store setting with OK.
1.3.4.2.2 Changing a Frequency Range
Select frequency range from Subranges list box with blue selection line. Double-click on frequency
range to activate it. All associated settings will appear in the Subrange window. Change range as
required and conclude setting with Subrange Check. If the new value does not match existing settings
(eg artificial mains network above 30 MHz), the operator is prompted to make an appropriate correction.
Click on Modify to confirm the change. Store with OK.
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1.3.4.2.3 Deleting a Frequency Range
Select frequency range from Subranges list box with blue selection line. Activate range by means of
single click. Then click on Delete and store with OK.
FIG 12: Scan Editor - EN55014 Voltage
FIG 13: Scan Editor - EN55014 Voltage, after double-click on test receiver marked blue in
Subranges list box and calling of transducer ESH3-Z5; confirmation with Insert in the
upper right. Curve 4 (rms detector in this case) is not available for ESHS.
It should be noted that MaxPeak in conjunction with 10 ms measurement time will provide a coarse
result for orientation only. For measurements in line with standards, the quasi-peak detector would have
to be selected for curve 1, as well as a measurement time of 1 s. However, this would lead to
uneconomical measurement times, so a time-saving approach (subrange analysis) is usually taken for
this type of measurement.
The DUT in this measurement task is a pure broadband interferer. This means that it does not cause
sinusoidal interference on just a single frequency. In this special case, it is not obligatory to measure at
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Introduction ES-K1
each single frequency of the range but the range can be scanned in steps larger than the bandwidth of
the test receiver. It is appropriate to select logarithmic steps. With a step size of 12.5%, total
measurement time at each frequency will in this case be just about 1 min 40 s even for the standardconforming measurement time of 1 s.
Logarithmic scanning in 10 % steps
FIG 14: Selection of logarithmic scanning. It should be noted that the step size actually selectable
depends on the receiver characteristics. Type ESxS and ESPC receivers allow for step
sizes with a factor of 100%/2n only, ie 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, etc. The nearest possible
step size is set and displayed in the Step Size window after clicking on Insert. In this case,
this is 12.5%.
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1.3.5 Measurement
1.3.5.1 Example of Virtual Measurement
The measurement described in this section is based on the settings made in the previous sections 1.3.3
and 1.3.4. In this case, however, no hardlock is installed (virtual measurement). Results (FIG 18) are
supplied by an internal function generator (simulated by the software). The measurement described is
therefore suitable for demonstration.
Select Test from the menu line of the initial mask. From the Test menu, select Measurement and then
Scan (FIG 19):
FIG 15 Calling Measurement and then Scan from the Test menu
Click on Scan. The scan settings made before are displayed (FIG 20).
FIG 16 Scan settings. Note: No rms measurement will be performed because Curve 4 (rms
detector) cannot be selected in the Scan Editor since Receiver ESHS contains no rms
detector. Despite this, Result 4 (rms value) is included in the Scan Settings because it is
possible that a subrange not used here is used by an ESS (with rms detector), and the
scan table applies to all subranges.
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The measurement is activated by clicking on Start.
The graphics shown in FIG 18 is displayed while the measurement is being performed. The icons
numbered 1 to 8 for the various curve configurations can be assigned as required to the two test curves
(QP (quasi-peak) and AV (average)) and to the limit lines from the database.
QP limit line to
EN 55014
AV limit line to
EN 55014
AV test result
Max peak test results
QP test results
FIG 17: Display of results
Autoscale Y
Delta marker
Marker
Autoscale X
Grid configuration
Trace editors (m ax. 8 traces)
FIG 18: The line of icons above the chart is used for configuring the chart with the test curves as
required. Particularly helpful is the zoom function, which is always active and operated with
the lefthand mouse key. The icon is for returning to the unzoomed chart.
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ES-K1 Introduction
30M
MES EN 55014 Voltage QPk
MES EN 55014 Voltage Avg
LIM EN 55014 V QP
LIM EN 55014 V AV
MES EN 55014 Volta MaxPk
30M
1.3.5.2 Practical Measurements
1.3.5.2.1 Measurement of Broadband Interferer in Range 150 kHz to 30 MHz
FIG 19: Scan Editor. Note that curve 4 is switched off in this case too because ESHS contains no
rms detector.
[dBµV]
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
-20
9k 20k 40k 100k200k400k 1M 2M3M 5M 10M
[Hz]
[dBµV]
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
-20
150k 300k 500k 1M 2M 3M 4M 6M 10M
MES EN 55014 Voltage QPk
MES EN 55014 Voltage Avg
LIM EN 55014 V QP
LIM EN 55014 V AV
MES EN 55014 Volta MaxPk
[Hz]
FIG 20: Display of results. Left: using graticule stored in previous measurement with frequency axis
from 9 kHz to 30 MHz. Right: after clicking on "Autoscale X" icon . ESHS test
sequence: QP and AV values determined in first run, MaxPeak in second run.
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Introduction ES-K1
1.3.5.2.2 Measurement of Broadband Interferer in Range 9 kHz to 30 MHz
FIG 21: Note: 149 kHz is the highest frequency selectable for CISPR band A (9 kHz to 150 kHz) in
conjunction with a bandwidth of 200 Hz and QP display. The program will not accept the
value 150 kHz for CISPR band A with QP and 200 Hz bandwidth.
[dBµV]
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
-20
9k 20k 40k 100k 200k 400k 1M 2M 3M 5M 10M 30M
MES EN 55014 Voltage QPk
MES EN 55014 Voltage Avg
LIM EN 55014 V QP
LIM EN 55014 V AV
MES EN 55014 Volta MaxPk
[Hz]
[dBµV]
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
9k 20k 40k 100k200k 400k 1M 2M 3M 5M 10M 30M
MES EN 55014 Voltage QPk
MES EN 55014 Voltage Avg
LIM EN 55014 V QP
LIM EN 55014 V AV
MES EN 55014 Volta MaxPk
[Hz]
FIG 22: Display of results. Left: in default diagram. Right: in diagram with level range adjusted as
required by clicking on Autoscale Y icon .
From the above figure it can be seen that the legend for the curves is printed completely on the
hardcopy. On the screen, there is only one line displayed at a time; the lines for the other curves can be
displayed by scrolling.
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2 Graphical User Interface
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ES-K1 Graphical User Interface
2.1 Overview
The graphical user interface is very similar to the widely used standard interface for MS-WINDOWS.
This environment permits the user to perform all operations in interactive mode. The dialogs and input
masks provide a complete overview of all possible settings, such as file and graphics operations,
parameter settings, measuring and analyzing functions, etc. The measurement results can be easily
transferred to other WINDOWS programs in tabular or graphical format.
When using the mouse (or the trackball), various functions are very easily accessible by means of the
fields in the Main Toolbar. The same is true for the Device Toolbar, which permits to start the device
dialogs (activation in the menu Options):
As soon as the mouse cursor rests one second on an icon then an explanation is displayed next to the
icon. Note: At that moment the global Windows system keys like e.g. ALT+TAB are not effective.
The status bar is used to display short help texts for various menu items:
The background of the main window of the application can be assigned a graphics of the WMF type
(Windows Metafile Format), i.e. a vector graphics. E.g. a representation of the test setup generated with
a respective graphics program could be displayed there. Any WMF file can be defined as Background
display via a file selection window.
The graphical user interface contains the following submenus:
File
Edit
Test
Options
Window
Help
The submenus are explained in greater detail in the following chapters.
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2.2 Files
The core of the software contains a local database for management of all occurring file types. This data
base uses its own file names and file attributes, which are not directly derived from a DOS file system.
Thus it is possible to use longer file names and any additional descriptional texts for each database
element.
In the following, database elements are referred to as files, however, they are not to be understood in
the sense of DOS files.
By exporting database elements, a new external database is created or extended (e.g. on a floppy disk),
from where these data can be imported again at a later point in time.
File functions are selected from two Navigators in the File menu. One Navigator provides functions on
the internal (local) database whereas the other one offers the functions on external (exported)
databases.
File functions on the internal database:
Delete
Export
Move
New
Open
Rename
Save As
File functions on the external database:
Delete Backup Files
Import
Note:
File names should not contain special characters and should not start with a blank or an underscore.
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The submenu New offers all kinds of file types.
Open is possible only with files that already exist.
If a new or existing file of any file type is opened for editing then the matching editor will be automatically
loaded.
If a new file has been created or modified, this modification has usually not been stored yet. Using Save
or Save As the file is saved under its existing name or under a new name (in the local database).
Rename simply changes the name of a file.
Using Delete a file can be deleted from the local database, unless it can be modified by an editor at this
point in time (e.g. an opened graphic). It is also possible to mark several files of the same file type and
delete them at the same time.
The function Export permits to export files. To this end, a drive must be selected first. The files to be
exported are marked and copied to the external database by means of Execute; should this database
not exist yet, it is newly created there. If retention of the user name is not activated, the file is copied with
the attribute Public.
Move means that files are exported and right after deleted. This way it is possible to easily archive data
that are currently not being used, e.g. onto a server.
The function Import permits files to be copied from external databases to the local database. To this
end, a drive must be specified and the required file type selected (depending on the contents of the
external database). The individual files can then be marked and imported using OK. A prompt protects
against unintentional overwriting of the files in the local database.
For Import the drive and the directory path can be set by making use of the Browse... dialogue. The
total pathname will be shown in a text field.
The same is true for Export and Move. With these functions the pathname can also be edited. If the
given path doesn't exist then it will be automatically created with the first file transfer.
Note that the maximum length of the path must not exceed 37 characters.
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Export and Move can optionally be done in a way so that all transferred files in the external database
will have the file attribute 'read only' thus automatically protecting those files against overwriting. On the
other hand Import can change the file attribute of all transferred files to 'read/write' thus enabling
immediate editing of those files.
Besides, with Export, Import and Move either all files of the current filetype or the whole source
database can be selected for the transfer. This way a complete backup can easily be done (also see
filetype 'Test Configuration').
The menu item Delete Backup Files is used to delete specific files in an external database (i.e.
exported files).
The field Filter allows to reduce the displayed file names to those which match the string characters,
with an asterisk representing any sequence of characters (similar to MS-DOS wildcards for file names).
The following table shows all available File Types including their function:
File type Function Editor
Sequence
Script
Script Parameters
Measurement result
Graphics
configuration
Limit line
Transducer
System transducer
Report header
Report configuration
Scan table
Sweep table
Frequency list
Test configuration
Text file
A sequence of scripts Sequence editor
An automatic test procedure Script editor (can only be operated
with option ES-K2)
Definition of script parameters Script parameter editor
Display of measurement results Table editor
Definition and display
of graphics
Definition of limit line Table editor
Definition of probe transducer (e.g.
for antenna, absorbing clamp)
Definition of system transducer
(e.g. for cables, paths)
Definition of report header Report header editor
Definition of report configuration Report configuration editor
Definition of scan table Scan editor
Definition of sweep table Sweep editor
Definition of frequency list Table editor
Definition of files belonging to a test Test configuration editor
Definition of a description text Text editor
Graphics configuration editor
Table editor
Table editor
The associated files are displayed in the selection window File Name. When a file is selected (when a
letter is entered, the mark slips to the first file with the same intial, if provided), file-specific information is
output in an extra field. This information is user-defined and can be edited by clicking on the key
Description (see below).
In a further field, the drive (belonging to the local database) and the available storage capacity are
displayed.
OK is used to check the entries; when a file is created or opened, the respective editor is loaded. Abort
closes the dialog window without saving the settings.
The key Description permits to edit specific file information. The following dialog window appears on
the screen:
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The user may enter the purpose of the file in the editable field Short Description. For a detailed
description, use the input field below.
The access status of the file ("read/write", "read only", "not removable") can be set in the window
Attribute.
The window Owner refers to a fixed reference of the respective file, at the moment only for script
parameter sets. It indicates with which script the respective parameter set is connected.
In the text field Application Info the user name of the original user of the file is additionally recorded;
this text field cannot be edited.
With User Group, the file is either assigned to the user group which includes the original user of the file,
or defined as "Public", i.e. generally accessible.
OK is used to check and save the settings, Abort, on the other hand, ignores them; in both cases, the
window is closed.
Close (menu File) is used to close an open text file or graphics configuration, which means that it is no
longer available for processing for the time being. If the file has been modified, the user is asked
whether he wishes to store the modifications in the file. Without storage, the modifications will be lost for
good.
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2.3 Filetypes
2.3.1 Script
A script constitutes an automatic program run which is controlled by the program text (FSL = Flexsys
Script Language; similar to the programming language PASCAL) (Interpreter). Thus, almost all functions
that are accessible in interactive mode can be automated so that even complex measurement runs can
still be operated and reproduced.
Generation or modification of a script is performed by the script editor of the script development
environment (Option ES-K2); it also permits to execute scripts in single steps and inspect variables
(debugger).
2.3.2 Script Parameters
A script can be assigned parameters. The script parameters can be edited directly or when the script is
started and can be stored as a complete parameter set. Various parameter sets can be created for each
script that uses script parameters. During execution of a script, all parameters are constant, i.e. they
cannot be changed any more.
2.3.3 Sequence
A sequence describes a sequence of automatic program runs or scripts. If the individual scripts are
executed without user interaction, very complex measurement tasks can thus be handled fully
automatically.
2.3.4 Measurement Result
A measurement result (trace) consists of a list (thousands of lines are possible) with columns for
frequency and level. A measurement result is produced by functions such as scan or sweep, which is
why the name of the respective scan or sweep table is also recorded internally.
2.3.5 Limit Line
Complying with a specification, limit lines are frequency-dependent maximum values for measured
values, displayed as lines. They are defined as frequency/level pairs, the level being assigned the
required unit.
2.3.6 Transducer and System Transducer
Since the measuring instruments only measure the voltage at the input, the measured values must be
corrected in order to take into account the frequency characteristic of sensors and cables.
The (probe) transducer describes the frequency-dependent correction (represented as frequency/level
pairs) of sensors, i.e. antennas, current probes, etc., the associated level unit (dBµV, dBµA, dBµV/m,
etc.) having to be specified for the transducer.
System transducers, on the other hand, are correction values (frequency/level pairs) with the unit dB,
defining the frequency-dependent characteristics of cables, amplifiers, attenuators, power dividers, etc.
Note:
When opening a transducer file then a so called "source unit" will be displayed which cannot be
modified. It is the level unit found at the input of the measuring instruments, dBµV with EMI
measurements.
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2.3.7 Graphics Configuration
A graphics configuration describes the appearance of the graphics (always level versus frequency).
Thus frequency range and level range are defined on the one hand and the elements to be displayed
such as traces, limit lines, transducers with type of display and colour on the other hand. Furthermore,
marker, deltamarker or legend are determined here.
2.3.8 Report Header
The report that is part of the test typically contains various specifications that are relevant to the test.
This includes e.g. test conditions, test site, designation of the EUT or name of the user. This information
is recorded as report header.
2.3.9 Report Configuration
For generation of a test report, a report configuration is used, which permits to vary the appearance of
the report. It permits to define a combination of e.g. report header, graphics and measurement results
which is to be included in the printout with this report configuration.
2.3.10 Scan/Sweep Table
A scan or sweep is used to record a section of the frequency spectrum.
In the case of a Scan, the test frequency is repeatedly increased by the defined step size (or, as an
alternative, set to the next frequency of a frequency list), and a (peak and/or average) level is measured
until the end of the specified frequency range has been reached. Depending on the specifications, a
single sweep may contain thousands of test points. A scan is usually a time-consuming procedure,
however, it permits to measure the spectrum in detail.
Contrary to this, a Sweep (only with analyzers) permits fast measurement of the spectrum (only with the
PEAK detector): the spectrum is also measured completely, however, with a limited frequency resolution
of e.g. 900 pixels per sweep. This resolution is usually not sufficient to analyze the spectrum thoroughly.
Sweeps therefore constitute an appropriate means for obtaining a fast overview of the spectrum,
whereas scans are required for a detailed analysis, not least because of the detectors defined in the
specifications.
All test parameters required for a scan or sweep - e.g. the setting of the attenuation, test bandwidth or
correction values to be used - are defined in a scan/sweep table which must always be selected for such
a measurement run.
2.3.11 Frequency List
A frequency list serves various purposes. It may be used, e.g., to display a list of ambients at an openarea test site, but also to list critical frequency points of a EUT, which are to be measured by means of a
frequency list scan.
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2.3.12 Test Configuration
The filetype Test Configuration provides a link between files to export, move or import these files
bundled. For instance, a Test Configuration could contain a link to all those files that belong to a test or
to a test series.
Besides it is possible to create a kind of "test template":
On a server (in a directory that can only be read) there could be a number of test configurations
including all the linked files, ready for use with the Import function. By importing of one of those Test
Configurations, all files that are necessary to run a test (e.g. scan tables, transducers, limit lines, scripts)
could then be transferred into the local database.
Using the same Test Configuration - extended by the measurement results - could then enable to export
or move all the files from the test into a certain directory on e.g. a file server.
A Test Configuration is a kind of bracket around selected files with those files being listed only, i.e.
without the file contents. Through exporting, moving or importing of a Test Configuration those files
listed inside will also be transferred.
2.3.13 Text File
The filetype Text can hold any kind of text or comment (max. 30000 characters) that shall be part of the
application's database. Text files can be directly printed, be stored as a DOS text file (default extension
is .LOG) or be part of a test report.
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2.4 Editors
2.4.1 Sequence Editor
The sequence editor is used to define a sequence for execution of the scripts.
A sequence of scripts with a defined parameter set each can be entered in a list.
2.4.2 Script Parameter Editor
If a script parameter set or a script containing script parameters is opened, the following dialog is
displayed (only with extended syntax for the parameter definition; without extended syntax, a less
complex dialog similar to the one in versions 1.3x appears):
The heading of the dialog contains both the name of the associated script and the name of the selected
script parameter set. The parameter set to be used is set using the selection menu at the very top of the
dialog window. The main parameters are shown below, the short description at the left and a select or
edit element at the right. In the lower area of the dialog, additional keys for further topics can be offered
depending on the syntax of the associated script. Thus, further groups of parameters are accessible.
The total script parameter set can be stored (maybe under another name) or printed out by means of
Print. If a script has been started, it is actually only run after the dialog has been left (the last
modifications are saved using OK or ignored using Cancel), unless the run is interrupted by means of
the additional Stop key.
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Notes:
If a new parameter set is to be created using New..., an existing script must be defined as Owner in the
dialog Description....
If new parameters are added to a script, the old parameter set remains compatible. The additional
parameters are assigned their standard values.
If parameters are deleted from a parameter set, the parameter set can still be used.
If a script is deleted, all parameter sets assigned to the script are deleted as well.
2.4.3 Table Editor
The table editor permits the user to generate or modify frequency lists, limit lines, measurement results,
probe transducers and system transducers.
The editor is always loaded when a file of the given file types is opened or newly created.
The dialog window is divided into three areas. The upper area contains the selection window, where the
user may define e.g. units. The table contents are displayed in the middle area. The lower area contains
input fields.
The frequency unit is always offered, whereas a level unit is not available for frequency lists. The
intermodulation mode for the frequency can be set to linear or logarithmic for limit lines and transducers
(interpolated lines with linear or logarithmic display). The source unit is always dBµV (in the case of
transducers), the correction level unit is always dB for system transducers.
The lower input fields permit to enter new lines, which can be inserted into the list ahead of the active
line using Insert. As an alternative, the active line in the list can be overwritten by means of Modify.
Edit (or a double-click) permits to copy the contents of the active line into the input fields. The active line
can be removed from the list by means of Delete, which causes the next line in the list to become
active.
Copy permits to copy the complete contents into the clipboard. If particular lines have been selected
(marked), only these are copied. Thus data can be very easily transferred to other applications.
The menu item Print permits the complete list to be directly output to the printer without the need for a
report configuration.
The column layout can be extended (Add Column...) or modified (Modify Column x...) in various
ways: Up to ten columns can be represented, the elements of which can be edited almost at will (the file
types limit line, transducer and system transducer require rising frequencies). Added columns can again
be deleted "from back to front“ (Delete Column). The longer one of the two headings determines the
width of the column. Possible file types are floating-point numbers, integers or character strings (max.
15 characters); a large number of physical units is available for the unit of numerical values.
For Sorting of lists (only for file types measurement result and frequency list), a very flexible window
dialog is available:
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Up to five columns can be defined as sorting keys (decreasing priority) with optionally rising or falling
values for the elements. Measurements which are not sorted with rising frequency, however, should not
be displayed with line graphics display, since the sequence in the list is valid for the graphics.
The columns described in the left field can be selected individually and entered or added as sorting
criterion by means of Add. Likewise, they can be removed again by means of Remove, the subsequent
entries being shifted accordingly.
Sorting is always accomplished with falling values if the associated select box has been marked,
otherwise, rising values are used. OK starts the sorting procedure.
The file type Limit Line also permits to define gaps by entering just a minus sign into the edit fields for
frequency and level:
The file type Frequency List is provided with a special function which allows comfortable editing of a
frequency list: Connect Input... determines from which of the opened graphics the marker frequency is
to be transferred to the edit field:
If there is such a connection, the frequency is continuously updated in the edit field of the frequency list
when the marker is shifted.
Data lists are often available as files. For example, ever more antennas are delivered along with a floppy
disk that contains the correction factor as a DOS (text) file in an ASCII format. Such a list can be easily
transferred into the ES-K1:
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When creating a new table file (transducer, system transducer, limit line, measurement result list,
frequency list), then the empty columns (including those that are added) can be filled with the content of
the ASCII file. Before starting the import, the units for frequency, level, etc. have to be selected
according to those in the ASCII file. By selecting File => Import ASCII Table... the following dialogue
comes up:
The DOS filename (including pathname) of the ASCII file to be imported has to be entered in the field
Name. Alternatively the file can be searched in the file system by pressing Browse... . The number of
header lines to be skipped enables to ignore those lines that include header information - therefore a
modification of the ASCII file is not necessary.
The type of separators between numbers as well as between lines has to be defined. Separators
between numbers are blanks (spaces), tabulators or any other user defined character; carriage return or
line feed can be selected as line separators. Characters that cannot be part of a number will be ignored
until a valid field separator will be found. For example, a line like
+5.6789E+007MHz +2.345E+001dBµV/m 3:45p.m.
will be correctly be interpreted if there is an extra string column defined.
If a column within a line cannot be filled then this will be indicated with an asterisk.
2.4.4 Graphics Configuration Editor
This editor permits the user to generate or modify a graphic. Graphics are used for presentation of the
measurement results. To this end, a number of functions such as Zoom, Marker, Legend and Element
configuration are available.
If the editor is loaded via New..., a standard value is assigned to each element and a standard graphics
appears on the screen.
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The name of the graphic is indicated in the heading of the dialog window.
The dialog window is divided into two areas. The upper area contains the function bar for configuration
of the graphics elements. Up to 8 trace elements can be edited independently of each other. The lower
field displays the configured graphics. A complete graphics configuration comprises the elements grid,
traces 1 to 8, marker and legend.
All graphics settings are accessible via the menu item Edit.
The status information on marker and delta marker are then displayed in the graphics window above the
diagram.
Grid
The function Grid... permits the user to configure the grid on his own.
Value range, unit and label can be selected for the two axes separately. Besides, the scale type of the
X-axis may be defined as linear or logarithmic, whereas the Y-axis is aways linear. In addition, the dialog
permits to set the colour of the grid as well as to fade out the horizontal or vertical lines.
The frequencies of a diagram can easily be modified through shortcuts for the frequency units. A
frequency of e.g. 300 MHz can be entered as 300M .
The line style of the diagram grid can be selected. A doted line for example makes it easier to recognise
horizontal limit lines as well as harmonic signals from a quartz oscillator.
The (linear or logarithmic) display of voltages is also possible.
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Trace ...
Using the function Trace x... the user can determine the graphics configuration on his own. When
selecting the trace element 1 to 8 the following dialog window is loaded:
Possible File Types for the display are measurement result, limit line, probe transducer and system
transducer. The appropriate file is selected in the field File Name; the trace can only be displayed if the
level unit corresponds to that of the diagram.
The alternative type of trace “constant“ is used to display a horizontal line; instead of a file name, the
associated level will be entered then.
The line style and the colour can be set for each trace; various options are possible for line and dotted
display.
Note: The active traces are always drawn „from back to front“, i.e. trace 8 is always at the very bottom
(but still on the grid), trace 1 is always at the very top.
Autoscale X , Autoscale Y
Automatic scaling of the graphic - for the two axes separately - leads to a complete display of all
displayed traces. The associated value range of the grid is changed accordingly.
Marker , Deltamarker
The functions Marker and Deltamarker permit the user to position two markers in the graphics for
interactive graphical evaluation of the measurement results. First, the marker is activated and
positioned. Then, the deltamarker can be added; however, it cannot be used without the marker.
The status information on marker and deltamarker is indicated inside the graphics window above the
diagram. The markers can be shifted using the mouse or the Cursor keys Left and Right. If the mouse is
used, the active marker can be moved by selecting the marker with the left mouse key and shifting it to
the new position with the mouse key depressed. When using the cursor keys Left and Right, the marker
is shifted in the desired direction on the trace. The speed at which the marker is moved can be
increased by means of the key combination Ctrl + Cursor key left / right. If Pixel Mode is activated, the
markers are not shifted on the trace points, but in the pixel grid of the graphics display. The function
Marker Coupled synchronizes the deltamarker to the marker. The currently active marker can also be
set to a particular frequency using Set Marker... (Ctrl + M) or to the maximum of the examined trace
using Marker -> Max and to the minimum using Marker -> Min. If more than one trace element is
displayed, the markers can be set to the next trace element using Next Trace or Previous Trace or by
means of the cursor keys Up/Down.
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Zoom
The function Zoom permits the user to enlarge any section of a graphics area. The area is selected by
pressing the left mouse key and shifting to the opposite corner with the mouse key depressed. After
releasing the mouse key, the zoomed part of the graphics is displayed on the screen. Zooming is
possible several times. If the zoom is active, the function symbol is emphasized and permits to return to
the original display. Zooming enables to achieve better presentations, however, it is not taken into
account when the graphics configuration is saved.
Copy
A graphic can be copied to the clipboard with all included elements. It is not copied as a rigid pixel
graphic which requires a lot of storage capacity, but in a more complex and flexible WINDOWS-internal
vector format. The memory requirements are dependent on the contents of the diagram.
Print
If a printer driver has been installed for printing, a diagram can also be directly output as a whole-page
graphic without the need for a report configuration.
Legend
The function Legend provides a short description of the displayed trace elements.
Both the line style (short designation) and trace name are indicated for a trace element. It is possible to
change to the next trace element by clicking on the arrow keys. The key can then be switched on or off;
if it is switched on, the function symbol is emphasized.
The following short forms are used:
LIM Limit line
MES Measurement result
XTP Probe transducer
XTS System transducer.
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2.4.5 Report Header Editor
This editor permits the user to generate or modify a report header.
The text for the report header is entered into the editable fields. A text of max. 20 characters can be
entered in the left column, a text of max. 50 characters in the right column.
2.4.6 Report Configuration Editor
This editor permits the user to generate or modify a report configuration:
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The actual configuration is indicated in the „Selection“ field, whereas the individual elements can be
selected in the „Available“ field.
The entries for the "selection“ are performed by means of Add. Each element (report header (max. 1),
scan or sweep table (max. 16 each), graphics configuration (max. 2), measurement result (max. 16),
probe or system transducer (max. 4 each), limit line (max. 4)) is determined in the selection windows
File Type and File Name in the "Available" field. An element selected in the „Selection“ field can be
removed using the Delete key.
The Graphic Arrangement can be set such that the diagrams are arranged half-page, at least halfpage until the end of page or whole-page.
Besides, all pages can be provided with a footnote consisting of date, time and a predefined text (max.
40 characters).
The layout of the test report can be defined to a certain extent.
For each part of the test report (e.g. report header, graphics, result list) a number of lines can optionally
be reserved. A value of '0' means no reservation, i.e., the number of printed lines simply depends on the
content of the referring part. If a number of lines is given, then exactly this number of lines will be
printed, which means that depending on the content of the current part there will be either empty lines at
the end or some lines may be cut off. The legend and the marker of a graphics diagram are handled
separately from the diagram, i.e., the graphics diagram can be printed in a reproducible size. Scan and
seep tables can optionally be printed in a compact format (the main parameters in a single line per
range and per detector).
The most recently defined layout will automatically be used as a default for a new report configuration.
When starting a printout with a report configuration then the content as well as the report header
selected inside can be edited (a shortcut for editing).
2.4.7 Scan/Sweep Editor
These editors permit the user to generate or modify a scan or sweep table. Such a table determines the
settings of the test receivers used for performing the scan/sweep.
The two editors are very similar, so that the differences will only be mentioned if required in the
following.
The dialog window is divided into two areas. The upper area displays the general settings of the scan
table. The settings of a selected subrange are indicated in the lower area (the appearance of the dialog
varies according to the selected receiver). For modification, the selection can be made by a double-click
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on the selection window Subranges. The subranges (max. 30) can be edited independently of each
other.
Note:
The frequency ranges of the various subranges must not overlap. The frequency ranges must be
arranged in increasing order.
When a new table is created, the appropriate unit for the level and all required detectors (only peak in
the case of sweeps) are determined first. The detector mode MaxHold (maxima reduction) only makes
sense in conjunction with multiple scans/sweeps, otherwise the mode ClearWrite (overwrite) is used.
Subsequently, the subranges defined in the lower area can be lined up by means of Insert or
subsequently overwritten by means of Modify. By double-clicking on an existing subrange, the
associated parameters are transferred into the lower area.
For definition of a subrange, the appropriate receiver must be determined first, which causes the
remaining fields to be adapted to the facilities of the hardware and be assigned standard values.
The probe transducer must comply with the subrange with respect to frequency range and level unit, but
it can also be set to NONE for the time being. lf various switching paths have been defined by means of
the RSU superhandler, they can be selected as Signal Path, a System Transducer defined to this end
being displayed to the right (grey, i.e. cannot be changed). Up to three additional system transducers
for cable attenuations, etc. can also be activated.
Settings for the scan/sweep mode and for the receiver input used are also dependent on the hardware,
e.g. in the case of the Tracking Generator, which is only required for measurements on four-terminal
networks.
The fields for the start and stop frequency are to be defined such that the selected transducers match
the frequency range. Note that the settings of the next subrange are valid for the stop frequency if this
stop frequency is identical with the start frequency of the next subrange.
A step size can only be entered for scans; normally, it is determined by the IF bandwidth (factor of
approx. 0.5 to 0.7).
The IF bandwidth (resolution bandwidth), in turn, results from the specification; in the case of sweeps,
the video bandwidth may also be set.
The measuring time (for scans) or the sweep time is also dependent on the IF bandwidth, but also on
the detectors used.
The settings for attenuation/gain are dependent on the device used, of course. In particular in the case
of analyzers, note that the signal levels to be expected lie within the dynamic range. In the case of
scans, this can in most cases be achieved by activating the autorange function, which causes the
attenuation to be matched accordingly as soon as the signal exceeds the dynamic range.
Usually, demodulation of the test signal is only of interest for single measurements which are based on
a scan table.
In the case of analyzers, measurements according to the standard require the use of the Preselection.
The entries made for Setting control the procedure. On the one hand, it is possible to determine which
of the preselected detectors is to be used in the current subrange, on the other hand, a multiple
scan/sweep (repetition) can be defined, i.e. instead of “Single“ any multiple or even “Continuous“ (must
be aborted explicitly), which is also possible in combination with maxima reduction for the detector. In
the case of a few receivers, this may be performed by the device itself (Repetition by device), which
accelerates the procedure, however without updating the graphics.
If the procedure is to be aborted when changing from one subrange to the next, e.g. in order to be able
to mount another antenna, the stop mark must be activated. Thus, the procedure is stopped before this
subrange is executed and must be continued by the user (or, as an alternative, be aborted for good). In
addition, a stop message can be activated, so that the entered text (up to approx. 15 characters) is also
output; e.g. a prompt to mount a particular antenna may thus be output.
Check subrange is used to determine whether the specifications for the subrange are consistent. Then
the subrange can be transferred to the list of all subranges (appropriate position must be preselected)
by means of Insert or Modify; the table will be definitely stored when the dialog is closed with OK.
A scan or sweep table can also be defined with voltage as the measurement unit, a non-level unit. In this
case the transducers works as a linear factor (levels: the transducers are simply added to the raw
reading). Any additional system transducers (e.g. a cable loss or a preamplifier) can still be included (as
with levels) through the normal level definitions.
2.4.8 Test Configuration Editor
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This editor can be used to generate or modify a test configuration (see 2.3).
The actual configuration is indicated in the "Selection“ field, whereas the individual elements can be
selected in the „Available“ field.
The entries for the "selection“ are performed by means of Add. Each element is determined in the
selection windows "File Type" and "File Name" in the "Available" field. An element selected in the
"Selection“ field can be removed using the Delete key.
2.4.9 Text Editor
The text editor is quite similar to the Windows text editor "Notepad". Text can be inserted at the current
cursor position. The position of the cursor (line ; column) is displayed in the right lower corner of the
editor window. Edit -> Wrap toggles the automatic line wrapping. The typical clipboard functions are
available in the same menu. The 'search' menu contains the function Search... and Replace... . F3
repeats a search or replace downwards, F4 upwards. Goto... enables to position the cursor into any line.
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2.5 Report
The 'test report' function generates an output of test relevant results either onto a printer or into a file.
2.5.1 Print...
This function is used to output a report on the selected printer. Before the output can be started, the
report configuration to be used has to be selected (the layout of the dialog depends on the operating
system):
From this dialog it is possible to edit the content of the report configuration as well as the report header
selected inside (a shortcut for editing).
If a graphics configuration or a list file only shall be printed, then the dialog looks quite similar, but
without any selections referring to report configurations.
With Preview a print preview of the hardcopy layout will be started. The preview window enables to
display the pages either separate or two at a time.
Pressing the Print button starts the normal hardcopy on the selected printer.
If the option "Redirect to RTF file" is selected, then with Print no hardcopy will be created, but instead
a file dialog will come up (with Preview after closing of the preview window) which enables to specify the
file name (and the path) of the RTF file to be created.
An RTF file ("Rich Text Format") stores texts and graphics in a generic Windows format which can
directly be imported into any text processing software with the ability to edit the file further in any way.
This way a complete test report can be stored in a single file which can be used at a later time (maybe
on another PC) to generate documentation on the test.
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2.5.2 Printer Setup...
This function is used for selection of the printer device driver only. The available device drivers are
displayed. The selection is made by clicking on the device driver name. The associated interface is also
shown.
Properties... permits to specify the settings of the selected printer (e.g. output format, paper feed, etc.)
Notes:
In the event that the provided printer is not listed in the selection window, the respective device driver
must be installed. A detailed description is to be found in the WINDOWS operating manual or can be
optained by the WINDOWS online help.
A report can be output into a file in ASCII format. For this purpose, the device driver Generic/Text only
must be provided together with the interface FILE:, installed as continuous printer without formfeeds.
During the output, an additional window for entering a DOS file name is opened. This ASCII file can be
easily imported into other software applications.
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2.6 Special Functions
2.6.1 Configuration
The function Save Configuration... enables the user to save all files of the application that include
configuration data (*.INI) in a given directory on floppy disk or hard disk (as copy).
Vice versa, Load Configuration... permits a software configuration to be restored. Thus, the
configuration can also be used for another installation of the software.
After this step the application must be closed and restarted!
2.6.2 Quit (Alt-F4)
Terminates the program ES-K1 and saves various general settings. If files have been modified but not
saved yet, an additional prompt is displayed.
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2.7 Options Menu
The menu Options is used for setting general parameters, e.g. device configuration and dialog
language.
The menu consists of the following functions:
Device Configuration
Selftest
Simulator
Login
User List
Change Password
Edit Accessory
Configure Accessory
Main Toolbar Visible
Device Toolbar Visible
Toolbar Strings Visible
Status Bar Visible
Background
Change Language
The functions will be explained in detail on the following pages.
2.7.1 Device Configuration
The function Device Configuration enables the user to incorporate new devices in the software or modify
the configuration for the provided devices.
The loaded device drivers are displayed in the upper selection window. They can be selected by doubleclicking on the device name. Then the specific device settings can be performed.
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All device functions can be executed in two different operating modes:
a) physical mode
The parameters are set on the device.
b) virtual mode
The settings are simulated by the software. The device is not addressed.
A (newly) installed device driver can be inserted by means of Load. After actuating the key, the
respective device can be selected for editing in the selection window Device.
The device to be incorporated (designation of the device driver) is selected by means of Device; the
function Load must already have been executed.
The Name is used to establish a reference to the software.
A short description - e.g. "Analyzer" - can be assigned to each device.
When the software is started, the communication via the specified interface is checked. The software
settings must comply with the implemented hardware. The interface "GPIB0" (IEEE bus) is used as
standard.
The IEEE address is important for the connected devices. For proper communication, the IEEE
addresses in the device configuration must comply with the hardware settings on the device.
The operating mode determines whether the device is to be operated in physical or virtual mode.
All devices that are to be addressed or simulated via the software must be set to active. Before a device
can be set to active, the respective device driver must be installed. The software recognizes an existing
device driver, and Yes is displayed in the column Active. If the instrument is just being used, Yes is also
entered in the column Busy.
Modify is used to transfer the modified settings to the device configuration.
Insert transfers the settings to the device configuration (above the currently selected device) as a new
device.
Delete is used to remove the selected device from the device configuration.
The definition of the device-specific Properties (see description of the respective device driver) must
comply with the hardware of the device.
2.7.2 Selftest
The menu item Selftest repeats checking of the device list (according to the device configuration) as in
the case of the software start. This is particularly useful if one or several devices were not yet in
operation by mistake when the software was started: In this case, the software does not have to be
restarted, and correction of the device configuration (for subsequently changing the devices not found
from the virtual to the physical operating mode) is not necessary.
Note: The abbreviation "HDI" means "handler device interface" and refers to the interface, normally to
the GPIB system. If an error message tells about an "HDI" problem, then make sure that the devices to
be controlled are ready for operation (maybe switching off and on again helps) and that all bus cables
are working properly.
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2.7.3 Simulator
The function generator permits to simulate a scan or sweep with devices operated in virtual mode. A
dialog window is opened for defining the settings (see below). A total of up to 5 basic functions can be
superimposed (see below). The basic function is selected by clicking on the white triangle in the function
symbol.
Sine function
y(f) = y
Amplitude (a), level offset (y0), period (F) and freq. offset (f0) can be specified in a dialog window
by clicking on the function symbol. The sine function can be used for simulation of broadband
interference.
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+ a * sin(2π * (f - f
0
) / F)
0
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Si-Function ( sin(x)/x )
y(f) = y
Amplitude (a), level offset (y0), period (F) and freq. offset (f0) can be specified in a dialog window
by clicking on the function symbol. The Si-function can be used for simulation of narrowband
interference.
Square function
y(f) = y0 with f < s and f > e
y(f) = a + y
Amplitude (a), y-offset (y0), start frequency (s) and stop frequency (e) can be specified in a dialog
window by clicking on the function symbol. The square function can be used for simulation of
broadband interference.
Random function
y(f) = [min ; max]
Minimum value (min) and maximum value (max) can be specified in a dialog window by clicking
on the function symbol. The random function can be used for simulation of background noise.
+ a * sin(2π * (f - f0) / F) / (2π * (f - f
0
with s ≤ f ≤ e
0
) / F)
0
2.7.4 Login, User List and Change Password
The Software ES-K1 is provided with password protection. This is of great importance for two reasons:
1. the data are protected against unauthorized access
2. the system configuration is only changed by authorized people
The program includes three user classes with different rights of access:
1. System manager
2. Extended
3. Standard
Besides, every user is assigned to a user group.
The rights of access are distributed as follows:
The system manager has access to all components and data of the software.
Ÿ
The user with extended access rights is assigned the same access rights as a system manager,
Ÿ
with the following exceptions:
Processing of the device configuration
Ÿ
Processing of the path configuration
Ÿ
Processing of the user groups
Ÿ
Processing of the user list
Ÿ
Processing of the files outside his group (exception: files with the attribute Public may be
Ÿ
processed)
The user with standard access rights has the same access rights as a user with extended access
Ÿ
rights, with the following exceptions:
Processing of the file type script
Ÿ
Reading of the files outside his group (exception: files with the attribute Public can be
Ÿ
read)
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When the software is started, the following dialog window appears:
The user must enter his user name and password in this window. On pressing the OK key, the settings
are checked and, in the case of a correct login, the main menu is entered.
The Cancel key is used to abort the start of the software and open Windows.
Option Login
This function is used to reregister a user in the software. The currently registered user is thus logged out
automatically.
Besides, the same is true as for login on starting of the software.
Option Change Password
To change the password, both the old and the new password must be entered (twice to avoid typing
errors):
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Option User list
In this dialog window, a user group and a user class are assigned to the user and made known to the
system. The password can also be cancelled in this window, which permits the respective user to assign
a new password without having to specify the old one:
For every user, an existing user group is to be selected and one of the three user classes allocated.
The list of user groups can be edited via an extra dialog window:
2.7.5 Edit Accessory and Configure Accessory
see 2.8.4.2 Single Measurement
2.7.6 Main Toolbar, Device Toolbar and Status Bar
see 2.1 Overview
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2.7.7 Background
see 2.1 Overview
2.7.8 Change Language
This function permits the user to change the language used in the dialog; at the moment, only English
and German are offered.
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2.8 Measurement Functions
The menu Test is used e.g. for execution of the various measurement functions, for starting of scripts
and for operation of the devices.
2.8.1 Interactive Device Dialog
Set Device permits to select a device entered in the device configuration for single operation. This
function is identical with the selection of a device with the (activated) Device Toolbar. The dialog window
of the respective device driver is opened and the settings can be made by the user in interactive mode.
If an error occurs during the device access, the cause of the error must be determined by referring to
the operating manual of the device involved. A detailed description of the dialog windows can be
obtained from the respective description of the device driver.
2.8.2 Sequence
Execute Sequence... offers a choice of the provided sequences. A selected sequence can then be
started using Start and is continued until the end unless it is aborted before by pressing the keys
Immediate Stop or Stop on Script term..
2.8.3 Script
Execute Script... offers all provided scripts, however, only “main scripts" (MAINSCRIPT) can be
started, whereas all other scripts are included in the main scripts (INCLUDE"...", SUBSCRIPT).
After confirming the selection by means of OK, the devices are checked. The devices that are in virtual
mode are indicated in a window.
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Subsequently, the dialog for the script parameter editor is displayed. It permits to select and edit the
desired parameter set (see 2.4.2)
The script is executed using OK or Cancel (the last modifications on the parameter set are saved or
ignored) or aborted using Stop. During the script run, the script can be interrupted and continued again
or aborted for good.
2.8.4 Measurement Functions
The submenu Measurement permits to select the EMI measurement functions. The following
measurement functions are offered:
Scan
Ÿ
Sweep
Ÿ
Single measurement
Ÿ
2.8.4.1 Scan and Sweep Functions with Automatically Generated Graphics
As soon as a table has been selected in the dialog for starting a scan or a sweep, the remaining fields
are assigned names (derived from the table names) and the entire frequency range of the table is set. It
is then possible to vary these entries at will, e.g. to define a limited frequency range or skip a suggested
detector by deleting the result name. If the receiver is not capable of measuring in parallel with various
detectors, the traces are recorded sequentially.
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In the case of scans, it is additionally possible to select a frequency list. In this case, the measurement
is not made with the step size specified in the scan table, but only at the frequencies of the frequency list
that lie within the given frequency range.
If Overwrite is set, already existing measured values are completely deleted and overwritten.
Otherwise, existing measured data are only overwritten or supplemented in the given frequency range.
If Autosave is set, the results are automatically saved. If the selection switch is not set, the data are lost
unless they are displayed as a list or graphically.
Besides, the dialog permits to generate a graphics configuration for all data (traces) produced in the
measurement run. For this purpose, a name for a configuration must be given for graphical display of
the measurement results. If there is no graphics configuration under the given name yet, a new
configuration with appropriate settings with respect to frequency range, level unit and traces is created.
Otherwise, the existing graphic is only opened and the traces are entered; this however means that it
might become necessary to adjust the diagram, thus making a currently measured curve visible.
When starting a scan or a sweep, then besides the graphics configuration the software also can create
a default test configuration or a default report configuration.
The test configuration holds all referring files: The scan/sweep range table, the transducer and system
transducers inside the range table, the graphics configuration, measurement results and the selected
report configuration (incl. its report header if defined).
If 'Overwrite' is selected then a new test configuration will be created. If not, then the entries will simply
be added into an existing test configuration.
As a report configuration either an existing one can be selected which will simply be added to the test
configuration, or a new one can be created which by default contains the following file entries: The
scan/sweep range table, the graphics configuration and scan measurement results if those results were
gained with a frequency list.
Once started, the progress of the scan or sweep can additionally be observed in a field at the current
frequency; note that scan results are supplemented in blocks, whereas in the case of sweeps, only
complete sweep subranges (according to the sweep table) are added.
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A scan or sweep can be interrupted by the user and continued again. As soon as the scan or sweep has
been aborted, it can be continued exactly at this position (frequency display), in the next subrange (if
provided) or at a given frequency: For this purpose, the frequency display must be edited appropriately;
depending on the set value, existing measurement results will be overwritten or there will be a gap in the
measurement run. Thus, a test does not have to be repeated completely if a sudden change in the
measurement conditions is detected immediately. The measurement run is simply aborted and
continued at a lower frequency after correction of the measurement conditions.
If the stop frequency of a subrange and the start frequency of the next subrange are identical, this
frequency is measured with the settings of the upper subrange. If both subranges are used, e.g. with
different antennas (transducers), the stop frequency of the lower subrange should be slightly reduced
(e.g. by one step size).
At the end of a scan or sweep, the frequency dependent transducer factor of the last range can
optionally be programmed into the receiver - depending on the instrument's capabilities (if the number of
correction values in the receiver is not sufficient then they will be interpolated). This way measurements
can be done from the front panel of the instrument without any control from the software, but still with
level readings that include a transducer correction. As long as the software controls the instrument, any
transducer correction will be done in the software only which is much faster. The transducer download
can be activated in the device properties dialogues of the receivers.
2.8.4.2 Single Measurement
The dialog for interactive single measurements offers the following functions:
a frequency variation is immediately set on the receiver with the next measurement
Ÿ
the frequency variation by means of keys uses either the step size of the given scan table or the
Ÿ
frequencies of a selected frequency list
a measurement result is always produced or an existing measurement result varied or extended
Ÿ
the measurement result can be extended by predefined columns which will be automatically
Ÿ
filled with the settings of accessories (polarisation, artificial mains network lines, etc.) at the time
of the measurement
the frequency display can be coupled to a marker located on a trace for display of the
Ÿ
measurement result
When a single measurement is started, the Scan Table to be used and an optional Frequency List are
to be selected:
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When starting a single measurement, then the software can optionally create a default Test
Configuration which holds all referring files (scan/sweep table, transducer, system transducers,
measurement result file).
If 'Overwrite' is selected then a new test configuration will be created. If not, then the entries will simply
be added into an existing test configuration.
Subsequently, a choice of the Accessory Configuration is offered (determines the column layout of the
produced measurement result and the accessory to be connected; for editing of the configuration see
below). It is also possible to do without accessory configuration:
Then the actual Single Measurement dialog is displayed, which is used to control the respective
receiver and to store measurement results:
The frequency may vary throughout the entire frequency range of the associated scan table. Besides,
the detector and the measuring time can be varied; all other test parameters result from the settings of
the scan table.
The value for the measurement time can be defined at will; however, depending on the receiver used,
the next higher possible measuring time may be set on the instrument.
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Using the key Measurement, the first measurement run is started and repeated continuously. Each
frequency variation causes a corresponding change on the receiver (a variation of detector or measuring
time is transferred by means of Measurement or a further frequency variation).
Save is used to insert the current measured value in the measurement result or vary it together with
accessory settings if selected and if the associated device dialogs have been started before (see
below).
The frequency display can be coupled to the marker of a diagram. For this purpose, the Coupled
Marker function must be activated in the dialog window on the one hand and an appropriate device
configuration opened on the other hand, in which the specified measurement result is indicated and on
the trace of which the marker is located. For already existing test points, the marker frequency and the
test frequency shown in the single measurement dialog correspond to each other, i.e. shifting of the
marker also causes a frequency variation in the receiver.
If a frequency list has been selected with the scan table, the Up/Down keys only permit to set the
frequencies of the list lying inside the frequency range of the scan table; of course, additional
intermediate values can be set by editing the frequency display, and the measurement result can be
extended accordingly.
Columns can automatically be added to the measurement result, in which the current settings of
accessory devices are stored for each measurement. If a single measurement result is stored, the
associated accessory settings are automatically entered in the respective fields (i.e. next to frequency
and level, e.g. the turntable angle). To this end, the columns must be defined accordingly, i.e. the
columns must be assigned to the accessory (e.g. an automatic antenna mast) and the associated
parameter (e.g. polarisation). For this purpose, two dialogs are provided, the first one allowing to edit the
setup of all columns, the second one to produce a combination of these columns.
The menu item Edit Accessory (options) is used to open a dialog which permits to define a column for
each accessory parameter (of the accessory devices active in the device configuration):
The first heading must be clearly designated; the width of the column is determined by the longer one of
the two headings (max. 15 characters). When a (symbolic) device name has been selected, the
associated device command (query for a particular setting) must also be selected. Such a column
definition can then be appended to the existing list and also modified or deleted subsequently.
The second dialog is started by means of the menu item Configure Accessory (options):
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The upper field lists the names of the column configurations, whereas the lower field shows all existing
column definitions (produced with the dialog Edit Accessory). When a name has been selected in the
upper field, the associated columns are marked in the lower field; this marking can be changed at will
(best to be done using the mouse key with simultaneously pressed Ctrl key) and any combinations can
be formed, which become valid immediately when the dialog is terminated with OK.
The edit field in the middle permits to generate new column configurations, which can be edited
immediately or subsequenty by means of a marking in the lower field.
To make a column configuration effective the following steps are needed:
First the device dialogs have to be started (they might be iconized).
Then the single measurement dialog has to be started, which requires to select a scan table (plus
optionally a frequency list and a test configuration, see above) and a column configuration.
Now a measurement can be started.
The name of the measurement result file has to be entered or selected.
When the Save key is pressed for the first time the columns will be added to the file and the result along
with the device positions will be stored.
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2.9 Evaluation Functions
The menu Test is used e.g. for execution of the various analyzing functions. The submenu Evaluation
includes the following functions:
Acceptance Analysis
Peak Reduction
Subrange Maxima Reduction
Subrange Minima Reduction
Maxima Reduction
Octave Maxima Reduction
NB / BB Discrimination
Conversion to ... / MHz
Unit Conversion
Merge Data
Exclude Ambients
Weighted Addition
Reduce to Freq.List
GTEM Correlation
Most evaluation functions permit to generate a Graphics Configuration including all data relevant to
the evaluation (e.g. input/output files, limit line). To this end, a name for a configuration for graphical
display of the data must be specified. If there is no existing graphics configuration under the specified
name yet, a new configuration with appropriate settings of frequency range, level unit, traces, etc. is
created (if an evaluation function uses two different level units at the same time, two graphics
configurations are created accordingly); otherwise, the existing graphics is only opened.
The duration of the evaluation functions is usually a few seconds; however, it may be longer if large
input files are involved and if they are to be displayed graphically at the same time. The GTEM
Correlation requires very time-consuming calculations so that the size of the input file makes itself felt
clearly.
Evaluation functions with a specified limit line ignore all test points of the input file for which the limit
value is no longer defined.
2.9.1 Acceptance Analysis
The acceptance analysis is used to filter off signals which are further off a specified limit line. This
includes in particular the background noise of the receiver. The acceptance analysis is implemented by
means of an imaginary acceptance line which cuts off all measured values falling below it. The
acceptance line runs parallel to a limit line with a specified offset (e.g. an offset of -10 dB means 10 dB
below the limit line).
If the offset is very large (e.g. 200 dB), all signals are cut off, if it is very small (e.g. -200 dB), they are all
maintained.
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2.9.2 Peak Reduction
This function is used to determine all "Peaks" (preferably narrowband interference) depending on a
user-defined decision level. For this purpose, the trace is analyzed by means of a special algorithm. The
decision level determines how far a local maximum must exceed the adjacent lower test points to be
considered as a "Peak" and appear in the output file (see flowchart on next page).
If a limit line is also specified, not the absolute level characteristic of the trace is examined, but the
distance between the test point and the respective limit value.
With a decision level of 0 dB, all local maxima are detected as "Peaks", wereas, with a value of e.g. 20
dB, only distinctive narrowband signals are detected.
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2.9.3 Subrange Maxima Reduction
This function is used to split the trace of the input file into a given number (max. 1000) of subranges.
The maximum is determined for each subrange and transferred to the output file. If a limit line is also
specified, not the absolute level characteristic of the trace is examined, but the distance between the
test points and the respective limit value. The limits of the subrange are equidistant for linear or
logarithmic scales.
The function is suitable for detecting broadband signals in addition to narrowband signals over the
complete measured spectrum.
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2.9.4 Subrange Minima Reduction
This function is used to determine the subrange minima of a measurement result. It is used for example
in open-area measurements: It permits to identify frequency points which are little or not at all occupied
by external signals. Such frequencies are best suited for measuring antennas or similar.
The handling of the parameters for subrange minima reduction is similar to that of the subrange maxima
reduction (see 2.9.3).
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2.9.5 Maxima Reduction
This function is used to transfer a given number (max. 1000) of maximum levels of the input file into the
output file. If a limit line is also specified, not the absolute level characteristic of the trace is examined,
but the distance between the test points and the respective limit value. Thus it is possible to focus e.g.
on the 10 most critical points of a measurement result.
2.9.6 Octave Maxima Reduction
This function is used to split the trace of the input file into frequency octaves. For each octave, a given
number of level maxima is determined and transferred into the output file. If a limit line is also specified,
not the absolute level characteristic of the trace is examined, but the distance between the test points
and the respective limit value.
2.9.7 Narrowband/Broadband Discrimination
This function is used to discriminate between narrowband (NB) and broadband interference (BB). Four
methods are provided, the tuning methods analysing only the shape of the trace:
Peak/Average value comparison:
Two data lists are available, one being measured with the PEAK detector, the other with the AVERAGE
detector.
Narrowband interference:
(PEAK - AVERAGE) ≤ decision level.
Potential broadband interference:
(PEAK - AVERAGE) > decision level.
Peak/RMS value comparison:
Two data lists are available, one being measured with the PEAK detector, the other with the RMS
detector (root mean square).
Narrowband interference:
(PEAK - RMS) ≤ decision level.
Potential broadband interference:
(PEAK - RMS) > decision level.
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Tuning methods
a) Tuning by +/- one bandwidth:
A data list is available that was measured with a scan step size of
0.45 ... 0.55 * IF bandwidth.
The decision range lies between reference level and the decision level (e.g. 3 dB below). A total of 2
adjacent levels are investigated.
Narrowband interference:
The 2nd adjacent levels lie below the decision range and the 1st adjacent levels lies below the reference
level.
Potential broadband interference:
The point has not been identified as being a narrowband signal.
Note:
Those points at the edge of a scan range will also be analysed, with the "missing" point assumed
as fulfilling the condition for narrowband interference.
Only potential broadband interference that is not located close to (+/- one IF bandwidth)
narrowband interference is actually determined as broadband interference.
b) Tuning by +/- two bandwidths:
A data list is available which was measured with a scan step size of
0.60 ... 0.75 * IF bandwidth (0.45 ... 0.60 * IF bandwidth).
The decision range lies between reference level and the decision level (e.g. 3 dB below). A total of three
(four) adjacent levels are investigated.
Narrowband interference:
The 3rd (4th) adjacent levels lies below the decision range and the remaining two (three) adjacent levels
lie below the reference level.
Potential broadband interference:
The point has not been identified as being a narrowband signal.
Note:
Those points at the edge of a scan range will also be analysed, with the "missing" point(s)
assumed as fulfilling the condition for narrowband interference.
Only potential broadband interference that is not located close to (+/- two IF bandwidths)
narrowband interference is actually determined as broadband interference.
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2.9.8 Conversion to ... / MHz
This function is used to add a broadband factor to a level as is required in particular specifications for
the description of broadband interference.
The level unit is changed to "level unit per MHz" (for military specifications in the USA). The IF
bandwidth depends on the scan or sweep table and the frequency at which the level has been
measured. The broadband factor is: -20 * log(IF bandwidth / 1 MHz).
As a further "conversion" (numerical values remain unchanged), the unit can be changed to "level unit
per bandwidth" (for military specifications in France).
The following conversions are possible:
Level unit before
conversion
"dBµV" "dBµV/MHz" "dBµV/BW"
"dBµV/m" "dBµV/m/MHz" "dBµV/m.BW"
"dBµA" "dBµA/MHz" "dBµA/BW"
"dBµA/m" "dBµA/m/MHz" "dBµA/m.BW"
Level unit after conversion
with .../MHz
Level unit after conversion
with .../BW
2.9.9 Unit Conversion
This function is used for unit conversion. The following conversions are possible (R: characteristic
impedance, e.g. R = 50 ohms):
Unit Unit after conversion
dBµV y dBµA = x dBµV - 20 log(R)
y dBpW = x dBµV - 10 log(R)
y dBm = x dBµV - 10 log(R) - 90
dBµV/MHz y dBµA/MHz = x dBµV/MHz - 20 log(R)
dBµV/m y dBµA/m = x dBµV/m - 20 log(R)
dBµV/m/MHz y dBµA/m/MHz = x dBµV/m/MHz - 20 log(R)
dBµA y dBµV = x dBµA + 20 log(R)
y dBpW = x dBµA + 10 log(R)
y dBm = x dBµA + 10 log(R) - 90
dBµA/MHz y dBµV/MHz = x dBµA/MHz + 20 log(R)
dBµA/m y dBµV/m = x dBµA/m + 20 log(R)
dBµA/m/MHz y dBµV/m/MHz = x dBµA/m/MHz + 20 log(R)
dBm y dBpW = x dBm + 90
y dBµA = x dBm + 90 - 10 log(R)
y dBµV = x dBm + 90 + 10 log(R)
dBpW y dBm = x dBpW - 90
y dBµA = x dBpW - 10 log(R)
y dBµV = x dBpW + 10 log(R)
dBpT --
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2.9.10 Merge Data
This function is used to merge all values of two measurement result lists. If the frequencies are the
same, the complete line will be entered into the data list with the maximum/minimum level
(Maxhold/Minhold). If the frequencies are not the same, both lines will be entered into the data list. The
column structure in the two data lists must comply with each other.
2.9.11 Exclude Ambients
This function is used for removing ambients from a measurement result.
Two methods can be selected:
1. All entries of the frequency range between a start and a stop frequency are removed.
2. Small ranges are removed according to a frequency list. A delta range about the frequencies
must be entered with a factor:
Delta range = Frequency * Factor * 10 ppm (10 millionth)
z.B. Frequency= 100 MHz, Factor = 50
Delta range = 100 MHz * 50 * 10e-6 = 50 kHz , i.e. ± 25 kHz about 100 MHz
2.9.12 Weighted Addition
The weighted addition permits to treat two data sets in correlated (addition of the voltages),
uncorrelated (addition of the powers) or even direct mode (addition of the levels). In the direct mode,
even negative factors can be easily used, i.e. even any subtractions can be implemented, since the
values are not logarithmized:
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direct: dest = a * source1 + b * source2
correlated: dest = 20 log [ a * 10
uncorrelated: dest = 10 log [ a * 10
a, b: Factors (weighting) of the data sets.
source1/20
source1/10
+ b * 10
+ b * 10
source2/20
source2/10
]
]
2.9.13 Reduce to Frequency List
Using the evaluation function Reduce to Frequ.List, a frequency list can be generated from a
measurement result: As input file, an existing measurement result file is selected and, by means of the
evaluation function, an output file of the type frequency list is generated with the specified name.
Figuratively speaking, only the first column of the measurement result, i.e. the one with the frequency, is
transferred. Such a file may e.g. serve the purpose of running a scan only at the frequencies of this
frequency list.
2.9.14 GTEM Correlation
This function is used for converting emitted EMI that has been measured by an EUT in a GTEM cell
(Gigahertz Transverse Electromagnetic). This function permits to compare the data with the measured
electrical field of an open-area test site (OATS).
The correlation algorithm is based on the following model:
a) The test item is measued in the directions x, y and z in the GTEM cell. The respective results are
referred to as Vx, Vy and Vz.
b) Based on Vx, Vy and Vz the interfering power of the test item is calculated depending on the GTEM
dimensions.
c) The calculated interfering power is simulated as follows:
The test item is replaced by a dipole which is aligned according to the polarization of the test antenna
and corresponds to the calculated interfering power. The corresponding electrical fieldstrength is
calculated at the position of the antenna. In the case of an anechoic chamber with metal floor, the
maximum fieldstrength of the various antenna heights is the corresponding electrical fieldstrength.
Two methods can be selected:
a) Measurement result conversion
The interfering voltages Vx, Vy and Vz are measured. The fieldstrength characteristic is obtained by
means of correlation and can be directly compared with the respective fieldstrength limit line.
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The input files correspond to the interfering voltages of the test item measured in three orthogonal
directions. At least one input file must be specified. The scan or sweep tables of the input files must be
identical. Input files that are not entered are set to zero.
The output files correspond to the fieldstrengths for horizontal and vertical polarization. At least one
output file must be specified. Output files that are not entered are not calculated.
b) Conversion of Limit Lines
In contrast to the first method, the fieldstrength limit line is first converted into a voltage limit line V
= (Vx2 + Vy
Vy and Vz can be directly compared with the calculated limit line.
2
+ V
2 )1/2
z
. The advantage of this method is that the resulting interfering voltage from Vx,
x,y,z
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Additional values determines the number of the additional sampling points for calculation of the limit
line. Since the number of sampling points is usually very small and the conversion results in a more
complex trace, it is advisable to use more sampling points - e.g. 100. The calculation is performed in two
steps:
First of all, each point of the entered limit line (frequency / level) is converted.
In addition to the provided points, the entire frequency range is divided into the specified number of
sampling points, linearly or logarithmically (according to the intermodulation mode of the limit line).
Each of these sampling points (frequency / interpolated level) is then converted.
The output files correspond to the respective voltage limit lines of the entered fieldstrength limit line of
the standard used. A distinction is made between limit lines for horizontal, vertical and
horizontal+vertical polarization. Output files that are not specified are not calculated.
The key Start checks the settings and the correlation is started. When selecting the key Option ... an
additional dialog window for entering the parameters for the GTEM dimensions and the reference openarea test site is opened.
The fields GTEM Parameters permit to set the dimensions of the GTEM cell. The geometry of a GTEM
cell is defined by a = b and g = 0.36 * a. The values x and y indicate the middle of the test item. These
values are normally x = 0.0 and y = 0.5 * b. When changing the value b, the values for a, g and y are
automatically adapted. The value Z indicates the impedance of the GTEM cell, the standard value for Z
is 50 ohms.
The fields Test Site determine the dimensions of the reference open-area test site.
With semi anechoic selected, the measurement is simulated for a test site with conductive ground
plane. In this case, the maximum level is calculated between minimum antenna height hmin and
maximum antenna height hmax.
With full anechoic selected, on the other hand, the measurement is simulated for a test site with
absorbing ground plane. In this case, the level is calculated for one antenna height only.
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101010
+
+
2.9.15 S-LINE Correlation
This function is used for converting emitted EMI that has been measured by an EUT in a S-LINE cell
(Gigahertz Transverse Electromagnetic). This function permits to compare the data with the measured
electrical field of an open-area test site (OATS).
The correlation algorithm is based on the following model:
a) The test item is measued in the directions x, y and z in the S-LINE cell. The respective results are
referred to as Vx, Vy and Vz.
b) Based on Vx, Vy and Vz the interfering power of the test item is calculated depending on the S-LINE
dimensions.
c) The calculated interfering power is simulated as follows:
The test item is replaced by a dipole which is aligned according to the polarization of the test antenna
and corresponds to the calculated interfering power. The corresponding electrical fieldstrength is
calculated at the position of the antenna.
Two methods can be selected:
a) Measurement result conversion
The interfering voltages Vx, Vy and Vz are measured. The fieldstrength characteristic is obtained by
means of correlation and can be directly compared with the respective fieldstrength limit line.
The input files correspond to the interfering voltages of the test item measured in three orthogonal
directions. All three input file must be specified. The scan or sweep tables of the input files must be
identical.
The output file corresponds to the fieldstrength.
Algorithm:
S in [V2] , U
U
S =
Meas x
10
Meas
120
−
in [dBµV]
U
Meas y
120
−
,
10
120
U
−
Meas z,
,
10
L in [dBµV/m] , f in [MHz] , S in [V2]
C1: Cell Correction Factor
C2: OATS Correction Factor
L = 106 + C1 + C2 + 20 log (f) +10 log (S)
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b) Conversion of Limit Lines
In contrast to the first method, the fieldstrength limit line is first converted into a voltage limit line V
2
2 )1/2
= (Vx2 + Vy
+ V
z
. The advantage of this method is that the resulting interfering voltage from Vx,
x,y,z
Vy and Vz can be directly compared with the calculated limit line.
Additional values determines the number of the additional sampling points for calculation of the limit
line. Since the number of sampling points is usually very small and the conversion results in a more
complex trace, it is advisable to use more sampling points - e.g. 100. The calculation is performed in two
steps:
First of all, each point of the entered limit line (frequency / level) is converted.
In addition to the provided points, the entire frequency range is divided into the specified number of
sampling points, linearly or logarithmically (according to the intermodulation mode of the limit line).
Each of these sampling points (frequency / interpolated level) is then converted.
The output file corresponds to the respective voltage limit line of the entered fieldstrength limit line of the
standard used.
Algorithm:
U
in [dBµV] , L in [dBµV/m] , f in [MHz]
Limit
C1: Cell Correction Factor
C2: OATS Correction Factor
U
= 14 - C1 - C2 + L - 20 log (f)
Limit
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The fields S-LINE-Parameter determine the the S-LINE type and the appropriate cell factor (a system
transducer).
The field Test Site enables to select the appropriate correction factor (a system transducer) for the site,
depending on the distance between EuT and antenna.
The Start button checks the settings and the correlation is started.
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