Rohde&Schwarz ESIB-K1 Manual

Test and Measurement
Division

Manual

EMI Test Software for the
EMI Test Receiver
ESIB 7/26/40 GHz

ESIB-K1

1108.0188.02

Dear Customer,

throughout this operating manual, the abbreviation ESIB-K1 is used for the EMI test software.
The abbreviation ESI is used for your EMI Test Receiver ESIB7/26/40.
These abbreviations are also used as internal names in the software and on the display.

Printed in the Federal
Republic of Germany

1108.0207.49-02 1

ESI-K1 Contents

Contents

1 Introduction .....................................................................................................1-1

1.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................1-1

1.1.1 Introduction to the Manual.....................................................................................1-1

1.1.2 Short Description...................................................................................................1-1

1.1.2.1 Graphical User Interface ........................................................................1-1

1.1.2.2 Operating Modes of the Software ..........................................................1-2

1.1.2.3 Measuring and Analyzing Functions.......................................................1-2

1.1.2.4 Graphics and Report..............................................................................1-2

1.2 Installation.........................................................................................................................1-3

1.2.1 System Requirements ...........................................................................................1-3

1.2.2 Components of the Software.................................................................................1-3

1.2.3 Installation Instructions..........................................................................................1-4

1.2.3.1 Manuals on the CD-ROM.......................................................................1-4

1.2.3.2 ESI-K1 on the Controller Function of the EMI Analyzer ESI...................1-4

1.2.3.3 Preparation for Installation .....................................................................1-5

1.2.3.4 Starting the Installation...........................................................................1-5

1.2.3.5 Installation Options.................................................................................1-6

1.2.3.6 De-installation of ESI-K1 Software.........................................................1-9

1.2.3.7 First Steps after Installation....................................................................1-9

1.3 Introduction to Operation..............................................................................................1-10

1.3.1 Starting Software ESI-K1 under Windows NT 4.0...............................................1-10

1.3.2 Direct Device Control...........................................................................................1-12

1.3.3 Familiarization with the Measurements ...............................................................1-16

1.3.3.1 Starting a Preconfigured Scan Table ...................................................1-18

1.4 Introduction to Operation - Measurement Examples..................................................1-23

1.4.1 Description of Some Terms.................................................................................1-23

1.4.2 Performance of Measurements...........................................................................1-24

1.4.2.1 Selection of Measurement Sequence Control......................................1-24

1.4.2.2 Operating Software ESI-K1 under Windows NT on ESI ......................1-24

1.4.3 Measuring the RFI Voltage in the Frequency Range up to 30 MHz (example)...1-27

1.4.3.1 Introduction...........................................................................................1-27

1.4.3.2 Measurement Procedure......................................................................1-28

1.4.3.3 Progamming the Measurement with Software ESI-K1.........................1-29

1.4.4 Measuring the RFI Field Strength in the Frequency Range

from 30 MHz (example).......................................................................................1-44

1.4.4.1 Introduction...........................................................................................1-44

1.4.4.2 Measurement Procedure......................................................................1-45

1.4.4.3 Progamming the Measurement with Software ESI-K1.........................1-45

1108.0207.42 3 E-1

Contents ESI-K1

2 Graphical User Interface.................................................................................2-0

2.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................2-1

2.2 Files ...................................................................................................................................2-2

2.3 Filetypes............................................................................................................................2-6

2.3.1 Script......................................................................................................................2-6

2.3.2 Script Parameters..................................................................................................2-6

2.3.3 Measurement Result .............................................................................................2-6

2.3.4 Limit Line ...............................................................................................................2-6

2.3.5 Transducer and System Transducer.....................................................................2-7

2.3.6 Graphics Configuration..........................................................................................2-7

2.3.7 Report Header.......................................................................................................2-7

2.3.8 Report Configuration..............................................................................................2-7

2.3.9 Scan/Sweep Table.................................................................................................2-7

2.3.10 Frequency List.......................................................................................................2-8

2.3.11 Test Configuration .................................................................................................2-8

2.3.12 Text File.................................................................................................................2-8

2.4 Editors...............................................................................................................................2-9

2.4.1 Script Parameter Editor .........................................................................................2-9

2.4.2 Table Editor .........................................................................................................2-10

2.4.3 Graphics Configuration Editor..............................................................................2-13

2.4.4 Report Header Editor...........................................................................................2-17

2.4.5 Report Configuration Editor.................................................................................2-18

2.4.6 Scan/Sweep Editor..............................................................................................2-19

2.4.7 Test Configuration Editor.....................................................................................2-21

2.4.8 Text Editor ...........................................................................................................2-22

2.5 Report..............................................................................................................................2-23

2.5.1 Print... ..................................................................................................................2-23

2.5.2 Printer Setup........................................................................................................2-24

2.6 Special Functions........................................................................................................... 2-25

2.6.1 Quit (

2.7 Options Menu .................................................................................................................2-26

2.7.1 Main Toolbar, Device Toolbar and Status Bar.....................................................2-26

2.7.2 Background..........................................................................................................2-26

2.7.3 Change Language...............................................................................................2-26

2.8 Measurement Functions................................................................................................2-27

2.8.1 Interactive Device Dialog.....................................................................................2-27

2.8.2 Script....................................................................................................................2-27

2.8.3 Measurement Functions......................................................................................2-28

2.9 Evaluation Functions.....................................................................................................2-32

2.9.1 Acceptance Analysis............................................................................................2-33

2.9.2 Peak Reduction ...................................................................................................2-34

2.9.3 Subrange Maxima Reduction ..............................................................................2-35

2.9.4 Maxima Reduction...............................................................................................2-36

2.9.5 Merge Data..........................................................................................................2-36

2.9.6 S-LINE Correlation...............................................................................................2-37

Alt-F4

)........................................................................................................2-25

2.8.3.1 Scan and Sweep Functions with Automatically Generated Graphics ..2-28

2.8.3.2 Single Measurement ............................................................................2-30

1108.0207.42 4 E-1

ESI-K1 Contents

3 Standard Scripts .............................................................................................3-0

3.1 Voltage Mains Test...........................................................................................................3-6

3.1.1 Description.............................................................................................................3-6

3.1.2 Parameter Sets......................................................................................................3-6

3.1.3 List of the Script Parameters .................................................................................3-7

3.2 Power Test ......................................................................................................................3-14

3.2.1 Description...........................................................................................................3-14

3.2.2 Parameter Sets....................................................................................................3-14

3.2.3 List of the Script Parameters ...............................................................................3-15

3.3 Field Strength Test......................................................................................................... 3-22

3.3.1 Description...........................................................................................................3-22

3.3.2 Parameter Sets....................................................................................................3-23

3.3.3 List of the Script Parameters ...............................................................................3-24

3.4 Magnetic Field Strength Test ........................................................................................3-33

3.4.1 Description...........................................................................................................3-33

3.4.2 Parameter Sets....................................................................................................3-33

3.4.3 List of the Script Parameters ...............................................................................3-34

3.5 Overview Test .................................................................................................................3-41

3.5.1 Description...........................................................................................................3-41

3.5.2 List of the Script Parameters ...............................................................................3-42

3.6 Semi Interactive Test .....................................................................................................3-47

3.6.1 Description...........................................................................................................3-47

3.6.2 List of the Script Parameters ...............................................................................3-48

3.7 Cable Calibration............................................................................................................3-53

3.7.1 Description...........................................................................................................3-53

3.7.2 List of the Script Parameters ...............................................................................3-53

3.8 S-LINE Test .....................................................................................................................3-57

3.8.1 Description...........................................................................................................3-57

3.8.2 Parameter Sets....................................................................................................3-57

3.8.3 List of the Script Parameters ...............................................................................3-58

4 Device Driver ESI.............................................................................................4-0

4.1 Overview ...........................................................................................................................4-1

4.2 Interactive Mode...............................................................................................................4-2

4.2.1 Single Measurement..............................................................................................4-2

4.2.2 Sweep Mode..........................................................................................................4-3

4.3 System Mode ....................................................................................................................4-4

4.3.1 Scan, Sweep and Single Measurement.................................................................4-4

4.3.2 Dependencies........................................................................................................4-6

5 Standard Device Drivers ................................................................................5-0

5.1 V Networks ESH2-Z5 / ENV 4200 and ES-H3-Z5 ............................................................5-1

5.1.1 Interactive Mode....................................................................................................5-1

1108.0207.42 5 E-1

Contents ESI-K1

1108.0207.42 6 E-1

Before putting the product into operation for

the first time, make sure to read the following

Safety Instructions

Rohde & Schwarz makes every effort to keep the safety standard of its products up to date and to offer
its customers the highest possible degree of safety. Our products and the auxiliary equipment required
for them are designed and tested in accordance with the relevant safety standards. Compliance with
these standards is continuously monitored by our quality assurance system. This product has been
designed and tested in accordance with the EC Certificate of Conformity and has left the manufacturer’s
plant in a condition fully complying with safety standards. To maintain this condition and to ensure safe
operation, observe all instructions and warnings provided in this manual. If you have any questions
regarding these safety instructions, Rohde & Schwarz will be happy to answer them.

Furthermore, it is your responsibility to use the product in an appropriate manner. This product is
designed for use solely in industrial and laboratory environments or in the field and must not be used in
any way that may cause personal injury or property damage. You are responsible if the product is used
for an intention other than its designated purpose or in disregard of the manufacturer's instructions. The
manufacturer shall assume no responsibility for such use of the product.

The product is used for its designated purpose if it is used in accordance with its operating manual and
within its performance limits (see data sheet, documentation, the following safety instructions). Using
the products requires technical skills and knowledge of English. It is therefore essential that the
products be used exclusively by skilled and specialized staff or thoroughly trained personnel with the
required skills. If personal safety gear is required for using Rohde & Schwarz products, this will be
indicated at the appropriate place in the product documentation.

Observe
operating
instructions

Supply
voltage
ON/OFF

Weight
indication for
units >18 kg

Standby
indication

Symbols and safety labels

Danger of
electric
shock

Direct
current
(DC)

Warning!
Hot
surface

PE terminal Ground

Alternating
current (AC)

Direct/alternating
current (DC/AC)

Ground
terminal

Device fully
protected by
double/reinforced
insulation

Attention!
Electrostatic
sensitive
devices

1171.0000.42-02.00 Sheet 1

Safety Instructions

Observing the safety instructions will help prevent personal injury or damage of any kind caused by
dangerous situations. Therefore, carefully read through and adhere to the following safety instructions
before putting the product into operation. It is also absolutely essential to observe the additional safety
instructions on personal safety that appear in other parts of the documentation. In these safety
instructions, the word "product" refers to all merchandise sold and distributed by Rohde & Schwarz,
including instruments, systems and all accessories.

Tags and their meaning

DANGER

WARNING

CAUTION This tag indicates a safety hazard with a low potential of risk for the user

ATTENTION

NOTE

These tags are in accordance with the standard definition for civil applications in the European
Economic Area. Definitions that deviate from the standard definition may also exist. It is therefore
essential to make sure that the tags described here are always used only in connection with the
associated documentation and the associated product. The use of tags in connection with unassociated
products or unassociated documentation can result in misinterpretations and thus contribute to personal
injury or material damage.

This tag indicates a safety hazard with a high potential of risk for the
user that can result in death or serious injuries.

This tag indicates a safety hazard with a medium potential of risk for the
user that can result in death or serious injuries.

that can result in slight or minor injuries.

This tag indicates the possibility of incorrect use that can cause damage
to the product.

This tag indicates a situation where the user should pay special attention
to operating the product but which does not lead to damage.

Basic safety instructions

1. The product may be operated only under
the operating conditions and in the
positions specified by the manufacturer. Its
ventilation must not be obstructed during
operation. Unless otherwise specified, the
following requirements apply to
Rohde & Schwarz products:
prescribed operating position is always with
the housing floor facing down, IP protection
2X, pollution severity 2, overvoltage
category 2, use only in enclosed spaces,
max. operation altitude max. 2000 m.
Unless specified otherwise in the data
sheet, a tolerance of ±10% shall apply to
the nominal voltage and of ±5% to the
nominal frequency.

2. Applicable local or national safety
regulations and rules for the prevention of
accidents must be observed in all work
performed. The product may be opened
only by authorized, specially trained
personnel. Prior to performing any work on
the product or opening the product, the

product must be disconnected from the
supply network. Any adjustments,
replacements of parts, maintenance or
repair must be carried out only by technical
personnel authorized by Rohde & Schwarz.
Only original parts may be used for
replacing parts relevant to safety (e.g.
power switches, power transformers,
fuses). A safety test must always be
performed after parts relevant to safety
have been replaced (visual inspection, PE
conductor test, insulation resistance
measurement, leakage current
measurement, functional test).

3. As with all industrially manufactured goods,
the use of substances that induce an
allergic reaction (allergens, e.g. nickel)
such as aluminum cannot be generally
excluded. If you develop an allergic
reaction (such as a skin rash, frequent
sneezing, red eyes or respiratory
difficulties), consult a physician immediately
to determine the cause.

1171.0000.42-02.00 Sheet 2

Safety Instructions

4. If products/components are mechanically
and/or thermically processed in a manner
that goes beyond their intended use,
hazardous substances (heavy-metal dust
such as lead, beryllium, nickel) may be
released. For this reason, the product may
only be disassembled, e.g. for disposal
purposes, by specially trained personnel.
Improper disassembly may be hazardous to
your health. National waste disposal
regulations must be observed.

5. If handling the product yields hazardous
substances or fuels that must be disposed
of in a special way, e.g. coolants or engine
oils that must be replenished regularly, the
safety instructions of the manufacturer of
the hazardous substances or fuels and the
applicable regional waste disposal
regulations must be observed. Also
observe the relevant safety instructions in
the product documentation.

6. Depending on the function, certain products
such as RF radio equipment can produce
an elevated level of electromagnetic
radiation. Considering that unborn life
requires increased protection, pregnant
women should be protected by appropriate
measures. Persons with pacemakers may
also be endangered by electromagnetic
radiation. The employer is required to
assess workplaces where there is a special
risk of exposure to radiation and, if
necessary, take measures to avert the
danger.

7. Operating the products requires special
training and intense concentration. Make
certain that persons who use the products
are physically, mentally and emotionally fit
enough to handle operating the products;
otherwise injuries or material damage may
occur. It is the responsibility of the
employer to select suitable personnel for
operating the products.

8. Prior to switching on the product, it must be
ensured that the nominal voltage setting on
the product matches the nominal voltage of
the AC supply network. If a different voltage
is to be set, the power fuse of the product
may have to be changed accordingly.

9. In the case of products of safety class I with
movable power cord and connector,
operation is permitted only on sockets with
earthing contact and protective earth
connection.

10. Intentionally breaking the protective earth
connection either in the feed line or in the
product itself is not permitted. Doing so can
result in the danger of an electric shock
from the product. If extension cords or
connector strips are implemented, they
must be checked on a regular basis to
ensure that they are safe to use.

11. If the product has no power switch for
disconnection from the AC supply, the plug
of the connecting cable is regarded as the
disconnecting device. In such cases, it
must be ensured that the power plug is
easily reachable and accessible at all times
(length of connecting cable approx. 2 m).
Functional or electronic switches are not
suitable for providing disconnection from
the AC supply. If products without power
switches are integrated in racks or systems,
a disconnecting device must be provided at
the system level.

12. Never use the product if the power cable is
damaged. By taking appropriate safety
measures and carefully laying the power
cable, ensure that the cable cannot be
damaged and that no one can be hurt by
e.g. tripping over the cable or suffering an
electric shock.

13. The product may be operated only from
TN/TT supply networks fused with max.
16 A.

14. Do not insert the plug into sockets that are
dusty or dirty. Insert the plug firmly and all
the way into the socket. Otherwise this can
result in sparks, fire and/or injuries.

15. Do not overload any sockets, extension
cords or connector strips; doing so can
cause fire or electric shocks.

16. For measurements in circuits with voltages
V

> 30 V, suitable measures (e.g.

rms

appropriate measuring equipment, fusing,
current limiting, electrical separation,
insulation) should be taken to avoid any
hazards.

17. Ensure that the connections with
information technology equipment comply
with IEC 950/EN 60950.

18. Never remove the cover or part of the
housing while you are operating the
product. This will expose circuits and
components and can lead to injuries, fire or
damage to the product.

1171.0000.42-02.00 Sheet 3

Safety Instructions

19. If a product is to be permanently installed,
the connection between the PE terminal on
site and the product's PE conductor must
be made first before any other connection
is made. The product may be installed and
connected only by a skilled electrician.

20. For permanently installed equipment
without built-in fuses, circuit breakers or
similar protective devices, the supply circuit
must be fused in such a way that suitable
protection is provided for users and
products.

21. Do not insert any objects into the openings
in the housing that are not designed for this
purpose. Never pour any liquids onto or into
the housing. This can cause short circuits
inside the product and/or electric shocks,
fire or injuries.

22. Use suitable overvoltage protection to
ensure that no overvoltage (such as that
caused by a thunderstorm) can reach the
product. Otherwise the operating personnel
will be endangered by electric shocks.

23. Rohde & Schwarz products are not
protected against penetration of water,
unless otherwise specified (see also safety
instruction 1.). If this is not taken into
account, there exists the danger of electric
shock or damage to the product, which can
also lead to personal injury.

24. Never use the product under conditions in
which condensation has formed or can form
in or on the product, e.g. if the product was
moved from a cold to a warm environment.

matching Rohde & Schwarz type (see
spare parts list). Batteries and storage
batteries are hazardous waste. Dispose of
them only in specially marked containers.
Observe local regulations regarding waste
disposal. Do not short-circuit batteries or
storage batteries.

28. Please be aware that in the event of a fire,
toxic substances (gases, liquids etc.) that
may be hazardous to your health may
escape from the product.

29. Please be aware of the weight of the
product. Be careful when moving it;
otherwise you may injure your back or other
parts of your body.

30. Do not place the product on surfaces,
vehicles, cabinets or tables that for reasons
of weight or stability are unsuitable for this
purpose. Always follow the manufacturer's
installation instructions when installing the
product and fastening it to objects or
structures (e.g. walls and shelves).

31. Handles on the products are designed
exclusively for personnel to hold or carry
the product. It is therefore not permissible
to use handles for fastening the product to
or on means of transport such as cranes,
fork lifts, wagons, etc. The user is
responsible for securely fastening the
products to or on the means of transport
and for observing the safety regulations of
the manufacturer of the means of transport.
Noncompliance can result in personal injury
or material damage.

25. Do not close any slots or openings on the
product, since they are necessary for
ventilation and prevent the product from
overheating. Do not place the product on
soft surfaces such as sofas or rugs or
inside a closed housing, unless this is well
ventilated.

26. Do not place the product on heat­generating devices such as radiators or fan
heaters. The temperature of the
environment must not exceed the maximum
temperature specified in the data sheet.

27. Batteries and storage batteries must not be
exposed to high temperatures or fire. Keep
batteries and storage batteries away from
children. If batteries or storage batteries are
improperly replaced, this can cause an
explosion (warning: lithium cells). Replace
the battery or storage battery only with the

1171.0000.42-02.00 Sheet 4

32. If you use the product in a vehicle, it is the
sole responsibility of the driver to drive the
vehicle safely. Adequately secure the
product in the vehicle to prevent injuries or
other damage in the event of an accident.
Never use the product in a moving vehicle if
doing so could distract the driver of the
vehicle. The driver is always responsible for
the safety of the vehicle; the manufacturer
assumes no responsibility for accidents or
collisions.

33. If a laser product (e.g. a CD/DVD drive) is
integrated in a Rohde & Schwarz product,
do not use any other settings or functions
than those described in the documentation.
Otherwise this may be hazardous to your
health, since the laser beam can cause
irreversible damage to your eyes. Never try
to take such products apart, and never look
into the laser beam.

Por favor lea imprescindiblemente antes de
la primera puesta en funcionamiento las
siguientes informaciones de seguridad

Informaciones de seguridad

Es el principio de Rohde & Schwarz de tener a sus productos siempre al día con los estandards de
seguridad y de ofrecer a sus clientes el máximo grado de seguridad. Nuestros productos y todos los
equipos adicionales son siempre fabricados y examinados según las normas de seguridad vigentes.
Nuestra sección de gestión de la seguridad de calidad controla constantemente que sean cumplidas
estas normas. Este producto ha sido fabricado y examinado según el comprobante de conformidad
adjunto según las normas de la CE y ha salido de nuestra planta en estado impecable según los
estandards técnicos de seguridad. Para poder preservar este estado y garantizar un funcionamiento
libre de peligros, deberá el usuario atenerse a todas las informaciones, informaciones de seguridad y
notas de alerta. Rohde&Schwarz está siempre a su disposición en caso de que tengan preguntas
referentes a estas informaciones de seguridad.

Además queda en la responsabilidad del usuario utilizar el producto en la forma debida. Este producto
solamente fue elaborado para ser utilizado en la indústria y el laboratorio o para fines de campo y de
ninguna manera deberá ser utilizado de modo que alguna persona/cosa pueda ser dañada. El uso del
producto fuera de sus fines definidos o despreciando las informaciones de seguridad del fabricante
queda en la responsabilidad del usuario. El fabricante no se hace en ninguna forma responsable de
consecuencias a causa del maluso del producto.

Se parte del uso correcto del producto para los fines definidos si el producto es utilizado dentro de las
instrucciones del correspondiente manual del uso y dentro del margen de rendimiento definido (ver
hoja de datos, documentación, informaciones de seguridad que siguen). El uso de los productos hace
necesarios conocimientos profundos y el conocimiento del idioma inglés. Por eso se deberá tener en
cuenta de exclusivamente autorizar para el uso de los productos a personas péritas o debidamente
minuciosamente instruidas con los conocimientos citados. Si fuera necesaria indumentaria de
seguridad para el uso de productos de R&S, encontrará la información debida en la documentación del
producto en el capítulo correspondiente.

Símbolos y definiciones de seguridad

Ver manual
de
instrucciones
del uso

Informaciones
para
maquinaria
con uns peso
de > 18kg

Peligro de
golpe de
corriente

¡Advertencia!
Superficie
caliente

Conexión a
conductor
protector

Conexión
a tierra

Conexión
a masa
conductora

¡Cuidado!
Elementos de
construción
con peligro de
carga
electroestática

El aparato está
protegido en su
totalidad por un
aislamiento de
doble refuerzo

potencia EN
MARCHA/PARADA

Indicación
Stand-by

Corriente
continua
DC

Corriente
alterna AC

Corriente
continua/alterna
DC/AC

1171.0000.42-02.00 página 1

Informaciones de seguridad

Tener en cuenta las informaciones de seguridad sirve para tratar de evitar daños y peligros de toda
clase. Es necesario de que se lean las siguientes informaciones de seguridad concienzudamente y se
tengan en cuenta debidamente antes de la puesta en funcionamiento del producto. También deberán
ser tenidas en cuenta las informaciones para la protección de personas que encontrarán en otro
capítulo de esta documentación y que también son obligatorias de seguir. En las informaciones de
seguridad actuales hemos juntado todos los objetos vendidos por Rohde&Schwarz bajo la
denominación de „producto“, entre ellos también aparatos, instalaciones así como toda clase de
accesorios.

Palabras de señal y su significado

PELIGRO Indica un punto de peligro con gran potencial de riesgo para el

ususario.Punto de peligro que puede llevar hasta la muerte o graves
heridas.

ADVERTENCIA Indica un punto de peligro con un protencial de riesgo mediano para el

usuario. Punto de peligro que puede llevar hasta la muerte o graves
heridas .

ATENCIÓN Indica un punto de peligro con un protencial de riesgo pequeño para el

usuario. Punto de peligro que puede llevar hasta heridas leves o
pequeñas

CUIDADO Indica la posibilidad de utilizar mal el producto y a consecuencia

dañarlo.

INFORMACIÓN Indica una situación en la que deberían seguirse las instrucciones en el

uso del producto, pero que no consecuentemente deben de llevar a un
daño del mismo.

Las palabras de señal corresponden a la definición habitual para aplicaciones civiles en el ámbito de la
comunidad económica europea. Pueden existir definiciones diferentes a esta definición. Por eso se
debera tener en cuenta que las palabras de señal aquí descritas sean utilizadas siempre solamente en
combinación con la correspondiente documentación y solamente en combinación con el producto
correspondiente. La utilización de las palabras de señal en combinación con productos o
documentaciones que no les correspondan puede llevar a malinterpretaciones y tener por
consecuencia daños en personas u objetos.

Informaciones de seguridad elementales

1. El producto solamente debe ser utilizado
según lo indicado por el fabricante referente
a la situación y posición de funcionamiento
sin que se obstruya la ventilación. Si no se
convino de otra manera, es para los
productos R&S válido lo que sigue:
como posición de funcionamiento se define
principialmente la posición con el suelo de la
caja para abajo , modo de protección IP 2X,
grado de suciedad 2, categoría de
sobrecarga eléctrica 2, utilizar solamente en
estancias interiores, utilización hasta 2000 m
sobre el nivel del mar.
A menos que se especifique otra cosa en la
hoja de datos, se aplicará una tolerancia de
±10% sobre el voltaje nominal y de ±5%
sobre la frecuencia nominal.

2. En todos los trabajos deberán ser tenidas en
cuenta las normas locales de seguridad de
trabajo y de prevención de accidentes. El
producto solamente debe de ser abierto por
personal périto autorizado. Antes de efectuar
trabajos en el producto o abrirlo deberá este
ser desconectado de la corriente. El ajuste,
el cambio de partes, la manutención y la
reparación deberán ser solamente
efectuadas por electricistas autorizados por
R&S. Si se reponen partes con importancia
para los aspectos de seguridad (por ejemplo
el enchufe, los transformadores o los
fusibles), solamente podrán ser sustituidos
por partes originales. Despues de cada
recambio de partes elementales para la
seguridad deberá ser efectuado un control de

1171.0000.42-02.00 página 2

Informaciones de seguridad

seguridad (control a primera vista, control de
conductor protector, medición de resistencia
de aislamiento, medición de medición de la
corriente conductora, control de
funcionamiento).

3. Como en todo producto de fabricación
industrial no puede ser excluido en general
de que se produzcan al usarlo elementos
que puedan generar alergias, los llamados
elementos alergénicos (por ejemplo el
níquel). Si se producieran en el trato con
productos R&S reacciones alérgicas, como
por ejemplo urticaria, estornudos frecuentes,
irritación de la conjuntiva o dificultades al
respirar, se deberá consultar inmediatamente
a un médico para averigurar los motivos de
estas reacciones.

4. Si productos / elementos de construcción son
tratados fuera del funcionamiento definido de
forma mecánica o térmica, pueden generarse
elementos peligrosos (polvos de sustancia
de metales pesados como por ejemplo
plomo, berilio, níquel). La partición elemental
del producto, como por ejemplo sucede en el
tratamiento de materias residuales, debe de
ser efectuada solamente por personal
especializado para estos tratamientos. La
partición elemental efectuada
inadecuadamente puede generar daños para
la salud. Se deben tener en cuenta las
directivas nacionales referentes al
tratamiento de materias residuales.

5. En el caso de que se produjeran agentes de
peligro o combustibles en la aplicación del
producto que debieran de ser transferidos a
un tratamiento de materias residuales, como
por ejemplo agentes refrigerantes que deben
ser repuestos en periodos definidos, o
aceites para motores, deberan ser tenidas en
cuenta las prescripciones de seguridad del
fabricante de estos agentes de peligro o
combustibles y las regulaciones regionales
para el tratamiento de materias residuales.
Cuiden también de tener en cuenta en caso
dado las prescripciones de seguridad
especiales en la descripción del producto.

6. Ciertos productos, como por ejemplo las
instalaciones de radiación HF, pueden a
causa de su función natural, emitir una
radiación electromagnética aumentada. En
vista a la protección de la vida en desarrollo
deberían ser protegidas personas
embarazadas debidamente. También las
personas con un bypass pueden correr

peligro a causa de la radiación
electromagnética. El empresario está
comprometido a valorar y señalar areas de
trabajo en las que se corra un riesgo de
exposición a radiaciones aumentadas de
riesgo aumentado para evitar riesgos.

7. La utilización de los productos requiere
instrucciones especiales y una alta
concentración en el manejo. Debe de
ponerse por seguro de que las personas que
manejen los productos estén a la altura de
los requerimientos necesarios referente a
sus aptitudes físicas, psíquicas y
emocionales, ya que de otra manera no se
pueden excluir lesiones o daños de objetos.
El empresario lleva la responsabilidad de
seleccionar el personal usuario apto para el
manejo de los productos.

8. Antes de la puesta en marcha del producto
se deberá tener por seguro de que la tensión
preseleccionada en el producto equivalga a
la del la red de distribución. Si es necesario
cambiar la preselección de la tensión
también se deberán en caso dabo cambiar
los fusibles correspondientes del prodcuto.

9. Productos de la clase de seguridad I con
alimentación móvil y enchufe individual de
producto solamente deberán ser conectados
para el funcionamiento a tomas de corriente
de contacto de seguridad y con conductor
protector conectado.

10. Queda prohibida toda clase de interrupción
intencionada del conductor protector, tanto
en la toma de corriente como en el mismo
producto ya que puede tener como
consecuencia el peligro de golpe de corriente
por el producto. Si se utilizaran cables o
enchufes de extensión se deberá poner al
seguro, que es controlado su estado técnico
de seguridad.

11. Si el producto no está equipado con un
interruptor para desconectarlo de la red, se
deberá considerar el enchufe del cable de
distribución como interruptor. En estos casos
deberá asegurar de que el enchufe sea de
fácil acceso y nabejo (medida del cable de
distribución aproximadamente 2 m). Los
interruptores de función o electrónicos no
son aptos para el corte de la red eléctrica. Si
los productos sin interruptor están integrados
en construciones o instalaciones, se deberá
instalar el interruptor al nivel de la
instalación.

1171.0000.42-02.00 página 3

Informaciones de seguridad

12. No utilice nunca el producto si está dañado el
cable eléctrico. Asegure a través de las
medidas de protección y de instalación
adecuadas de que el cable de eléctrico no
pueda ser dañado o de que nadie pueda ser
dañado por él, por ejemplo al tropezar o por
un golpe de corriente.

13. Solamente está permitido el funcionamiento
en redes de distribución TN/TT aseguradas
con fusibles de como máximo 16 A.

14. Nunca conecte el enchufe en tomas de
corriente sucias o llenas de polvo. Introduzca
el enchufe por completo y fuertemente en la
toma de corriente. Si no tiene en
consideración estas indicaciones se arriesga
a que se originen chispas, fuego y/o heridas.

15. No sobrecargue las tomas de corriente, los
cables de extensión o los enchufes de
extensión ya que esto pudiera causar fuego
o golpes de corriente.

16. En las mediciones en circuitos de corriente
con una tensión de entrada de Ueff > 30 V se
deberá tomar las precauciones debidas para
impedir cualquier peligro (por ejemplo
medios de medición adecuados, seguros,
limitación de tensión, corte protector,
aislamiento etc.).

17. En caso de conexión con aparatos de la
técnica informática se deberá tener en
cuenta que estos cumplan los requisitos de
la EC950/EN60950.

18. Nunca abra la tapa o parte de ella si el
producto está en funcionamiento. Esto pone
a descubierto los cables y componentes
eléctricos y puede causar heridas, fuego o
daños en el producto.

19. Si un producto es instalado fijamente en un
lugar, se deberá primero conectar el
conductor protector fijo con el conductor
protector del aparato antes de hacer
cualquier otra conexión. La instalación y la
conexión deberán ser efecutadas por un
electricista especializado.

20. En caso de que los productos que son
instalados fijamente en un lugar sean sin
protector implementado, autointerruptor o
similares objetos de protección, deberá la
toma de corriente estar protegida de manera
que los productos o los usuarios estén
suficientemente protegidos.

21. Por favor, no introduzca ningún objeto que
no esté destinado a ello en los orificios de la
caja del aparato. No vierta nunca ninguna
clase de líquidos sobre o en la caja. Esto
puede producir corto circuitos en el producto
y/o puede causar golpes de corriente, fuego
o heridas.

22. Asegúrese con la protección adecuada de
que no pueda originarse en el producto una
sobrecarga por ejemplo a causa de una
tormenta. Si no se verá el personal que lo
utilice expuesto al peligro de un golpe de
corriente.

23. Los productos R&S no están protegidos
contra el agua si no es que exista otra
indicación, ver también punto 1. Si no se
tiene en cuenta esto se arriesga el peligro de
golpe de corriente o de daños en el producto
lo cual también puede llevar al peligro de
personas.

24. No utilice el producto bajo condiciones en las
que pueda producirse y se hayan producido
líquidos de condensación en o dentro del
producto como por ejemplo cuando se
desplaza el producto de un lugar frío a un
lugar caliente.

25. Por favor no cierre ninguna ranura u orificio
del producto, ya que estas son necesarias
para la ventilación e impiden que el producto
se caliente demasiado. No pongan el
producto encima de materiales blandos como
por ejemplo sofás o alfombras o dentro de
una caja cerrada, si esta no está
suficientemente ventilada.

26. No ponga el producto sobre aparatos que
produzcan calor, como por ejemplo
radiadores o calentadores. La temperatura
ambiental no debe superar la temperatura
máxima especificada en la hoja de datos.

1171.0000.42-02.00 página 4

Informaciones de seguridad

27. Baterías y acumuladores no deben de ser
expuestos a temperaturas altas o al fuego.
Guardar baterías y acumuladores fuera del
alcance de los niños. Si las baterías o los
acumuladores no son cambiados con la
debida atención existirá peligro de explosión
(atención celulas de Litio). Cambiar las
baterías o los acumuladores solamente por
los del tipo R&S correspondiente (ver lista de
piezas de recambio). Baterías y
acumuladores son deshechos problemáticos.
Por favor tirenlos en los recipientes
especiales para este fín. Por favor tengan en
cuenta las prescripciones nacionales de cada
país referente al tratamiento de deshechos.
Nunca sometan las baterías o acumuladores
a un corto circuito.

28. Tengan en consideración de que en caso de
un incendio pueden escaparse gases tóxicos
del producto, que pueden causar daños a la
salud.

29. Por favor tengan en cuenta que en caso de
un incendio pueden desprenderse del
producto agentes venenosos (gases, líquidos
etc.) que pueden generar daños a la salud.

30. No sitúe el producto encima de superficies,
vehículos, estantes o mesas, que por sus
características de peso o de estabilidad no
sean aptas para él. Siga siempre las
instrucciones de instalación del fabricante
cuando instale y asegure el producto en
objetos o estructuras (por ejemplo paredes y
estantes).

31. Las asas instaladas en los productos sirven
solamente de ayuda para el manejo que
solamente está previsto para personas. Por
eso no está permitido utilizar las asas para la
sujecion en o sobre medios de transporte
como por ejemplo grúas, carretillas
elevadoras de horquilla, carros etc. El
usuario es responsable de que los productos
sean sujetados de forma segura a los medios
de transporte y de que las prescripciones de
seguridad del fabricante de los medios de
transporte sean tenidas en cuenta. En caso
de que no se tengan en cuenta pueden
causarse daños en personas y objetos.

32. Si llega a utilizar el producto dentro de un
vehículo, queda en la responsabilidad
absoluta del conductor que conducir el
vehículo de manera segura. Asegure el
producto dentro del vehículo debidamente
para evitar en caso de un accidente las
lesiones u otra clase de daños. No utilice
nunca el producto dentro de un vehículo en
movimiento si esto pudiera distraer al
conductor. Siempre queda en la
responsabilidad absoluta del conductor la
seguridad del vehículo y el fabricante no
asumirá ninguna clase de responsabilidad
por accidentes o colisiones.

33. Dado el caso de que esté integrado un
producto de laser en un producto R&S (por
ejemplo CD/DVD-ROM) no utilice otras
instalaciones o funciones que las descritas
en la documentación. De otra manera pondrá
en peligro su salud, ya que el rayo laser
puede dañar irreversiblemente sus ojos.
Nunca trate de descomponer estos
productos. Nunca mire dentro del rayo laser.

1171.0000.42-02.00 página 5

1 Introduction

1108.0207.42 1-0 E-1

ESI-K1 Introduction

1.1 Overview

1.1.1 Introduction to the Manual

The following chapters provide a com plete description of the EMI Application Software ESI-K1. Users
working with the EMI Apllication Software ESI-K1 for the first time are r ecommended to read through
chapters 1 to 4 one after the other.

Chapter 1 "Introduction", provides a general overview.
Chapter 2 "Graphical User Interface“, describes the elements of the graphical user interface.

Chapter 3 "Standard Script Description", provides information on the enclosed standard scripts.
Chapter 4 "Device Drivers", describes the function of the Rohde & Schwarz devices ESI and V-

networks.

1.1.2 Short Description

The Rohde&Schwarz EMI Software package ESI-K1 is an up-to-date and user-f riendly software which
can be ideally used for all EMI measurements of conducted and radiated interference.

The number of m easurements required to ensure electrom agnetic compatibility (EMV) is continuous ly
increasing, along with the demand for reliability, reproducibility and economic efficiency of these
measurements.

Features of the EMI Application Software ESI-K1:

TM

• User-friendly software for WINDOWS

• EMI measurements according to international commercial standards (CISPR, VDE, FCC, VCCI,

ANSI, EN)

• Possible adaptation to other standards

• Automatic and interactive mode

• Transmission factors and limit lines are automatically considered in the calculation of the results

• Evaluation of narrowband and broadband interference

• Calibration of the test setup

• Comfortable and flexible documentation of measurement results

• Various ways of data export

• Future extensions can be easily implemented due to the option concept

3.1 / 3.11 / 95 / 98 / NT 4.0

1.1.2.1 Graphical User Interface

The EMI Application Software ESI-K1 for W INDOWSTM is equipped with a graphical user interface,
which permits to start with the program immediately and can be readily operated by the user.

1108.0207.42 1-1 E-1

Introduction ESI-K1

1.1.2.2 Operating Modes of the Software

The measurem ent procedures can be executed either in interactive m ode or automatically, depending
on the application of the software.

a) Interactive mode

In interactive mode, each device c an be controlled individually by m eans of its own window. All other
functions such as measuring and analyzing functions can also be operated interactively.

b) Automatic mode

The automatic m easurement runs are im plemented by scripts of a m acro language, thus releasing the
user from routine tasks. T he scripts control the measurement run, evaluate the m easurement results
and produce the necessary reports for documentation of the measurement results.

1.1.2.3 Measuring and Analyzing Functions

The Software ESI-K1 supports a number of measuring and analyzing functions. This is necessary to
minimize the number of measurements to be performed again, which are very time-consuming.

Possible measurements are the scan, the execution of a fast overview m easurem ent (sweep) and the
measurement performed at discrete frequencies.

The most im portant ways of evaluation (data reduction) are the acc eptance analysis, peak reduction,
subrange maxima reduction and maxima reduction.

Further possible evaluations are used to combine measurement results.
A very particular type of data handling is the S-LINE correlation, which permits to convert meas urem ent

results to open-area conditions using the S-LINE cell.

1.1.2.4 Graphics and Report

Measurement results , limit lines and trans ducer fact ors can be dis played in a manif old and flex ible way
as table or graphics. Up to eight differ ent traces can be shown in a window with linear or logarithmic
frequency axis. The shape, line style and colour of the graphical elements can be optimally adapted to
the requirements of the documentation.

For interactive, graphical evaluation of the measurement results, a marker and a delta marker are
available, which can be easily positioned using the mouse. The zoom f unction permits to enlarge any
section of the measurement. The measurement results can be displayed simultaneously in various
windows.

The measurement results are summed up in a report which is configured by the user himself. In addition
to a report header, all data relevant to the measurement c an be output, e.g. scan and sweep table. T he
output of the measurem ent results, limit lines and transducers is possible both in tabular and graphical
form.

1108.0207.42 1-2 E-1

ESI-K1 Introduction

1.2 Installation

1.2.1 System Requirements

EMI Application Software ESI-K1 can be used with any computer fulfilling the following system
requirements:

• Microsoft Windows

• CPU: 486; PENTIUM recommended

• 16 Mbyte RAM (NT 4.0: 32 Mbyte)

• At least 30 Mbytes free memory on the harddisk

• SVGA graphics adapter (800x600 pixels); XVGA (1024x768 pixels) recommended

• GPIB interface compatible with National Instruments GPIB interface with Windows device driver

(PCII/IIA, AT-GPIB , AT-GPIB/TNT , PCI-GPIB, PCMCIA-GPIB) for operation with an external PC; if
installed on an ESI then the internal interface RSIB can be used instead

EMI Software ESI-K1 fitted with the associated drivers for GPIB interface can be used with the operating
systems listed above.

TM

3.1 / 3.11 / 95 / 98 / NT 4.0

The installation software automatically considers the conditions depending on the operating system.

Note: All path indications generated in the ESI-K1 have to comply with DOS conventions, i.e.

meet the rule <8 characters>.<3 extension> .

1.2.2 Components of the Software

EMI Software ESI-K1 comprise the following components:

TM

• EMI software core under Windows
automated test sequences and other standard data (limit values, etc.)

• Driver for R&S EMI test receivers ESI and spectrum analyzers FSE

• Drivers for R&S artificial-mains networks ESH2-Z5, ENV4200 and ESH3-Z5

• Internal database for data management (scripts, limit-value lines, transducers, graphics, scan tables,

test results, etc.)

The data of ESI-K1 internal database can be exported for transfer and filing operations, new data can be
imported.
The internal database will be configured with the supplied standard data during the installation.

contains the graphics user interface, standard scripts for

1108.0207.42 1-3 E-1

Introduction ESI-K1

1.2.3 Installation Instructions

Scope of supply of EMI Software ESI-K1:

• CD-ROM (or set of four disks) for installing the software

• Operating manual (not with an update)

The EMI Software ESI-K1 is installed on the PC from the the CD-ROM (or from the set of disks).
If necessary then a set of installation disks can be generated f rom the CD-ROM through starting the
batch file ’DISKS.BAT’. Four formatted disks will be needed then.

1.2.3.1 Manuals on the CD-ROM

On the CD-ROM there’s a subdirectory ’Manuals’ which holds PDF files that represent the manuals.
Those files can be viewed and printed with the "Acrobat Reader" from Adobe Systems Inc. It also
enables to perform full text searches.
The "Acrobat Reader" is an application which is available f r ee of c harge ( f reeware) and als o inc luded on
the CD-ROM. If that application is already installed on the PC then PDF files can be viewed without
further action. In the Internet there are many documents s tored as PDF files. The latest vers ion of the
"Acrobat Reader" can also be downloaded from the Internet (http://www.adobe.com).
To install the "Acrobat Reader" (version 3.0) f rom the CD-ROM on your computer proceed as follows
(drive D: refers to the CD-ROM drive):

a) for Windows 3.1 / 3.11 :

Open the "File" menu of the Windows program manager and select "Run".
Enter ’ D:\AcroRd16\setup ’ and follow the instructions of the installation program.

b) for Windows 95 / 98 / NT4.0 :

Go to the "Start" button and select "Run".
Enter ’ D:\AcroRd32\setup ’ and follow the instructions of the installation program.

1.2.3.2 ESI-K1 on the Controller Function of the EMI Analyzer ESI

If the application ESI-K1 shall be installed on the controller function (W indows NT ) of the EMI analyzer
ESI then the following topics have to be considered:

The built-in LCD display has a resolution of 640x480 pixels (VGA), but the application requires a
resolution of minim um 800x600 pixels (SVGA) . Therefore the application can only be operated with an
external monitor for which a higher res olution c an be selec ted. To do so the s of tkey "Ext. Monitor" in the
general setup of the instrument firmware has to be activated and then on the PC side (Windows NT) the
property settings of the ’Display’ (’Contr ol Panel’) have to be modified. Further details can be found in
the ESI manual (chapter 1.7: Connecting an External Monitor).

If the application runs on the ESI then a second GPIB interface is not necessary because it can be
replaced by the internal software interface "RSIB". Further details c an be found in chapter 4 (Operation
with the RSIB Interface).

1108.0207.42 1-4 E-1

ESI-K1 Introduction

1.2.3.3 Preparation for Installation

Prior to installation, check the GPIB c onfiguration for corr ect settings (using the configuration program
supplied with the GPIB card):

DMA Channel: NONE, driver setting and interface setting should match

(PCI / PCMCIA cards: DMA is not available)
Base I/O Address: driver setting and interface setting must match
Interrupt Line: driver setting and interface setting should match; may alsobe

set to NONE since it is not used by the application
Enable Auto Serial Polling: NO
Assert REN when System Controller YES

All settings can be performed indepedent of the operating system using the associated configuration
programs. This can be done in the ’Control Panel’ under Windows 3.1 / 3.11. Under Windows 95 / 98
the configuration is to be set in the ’Control Panel’ under ’System’ using the ’ Device Manager’, under
Windows NT 4.0 in the ’Control Panel’.

If the software is operated on a com puter without GPIB driver, the ESI-K1 displays the error message
("Data error - Data GPIB.DLL not found."). T his message can be ignor ed, the s of tware runs in the demo
mode in this case.

1.2.3.4 Starting the Installation

The EMI Application Software ESI-K1 has to be installed under Windows. To do this , the f ir st installation
disk is to be inserted in the corresponding drive.

The installation is performed via the taskbar under Windows 95 / 98 / NT4.0 (for Windows NT4.0
administrator access privileges are required for the installation!):

1. Open the Start m enu. Select the menu item settings and system control to open the associated

window.

2. The dialog is opened by clicking the icon Software and the setup.exe program is automatically

selected from the disk by clicking the Installation key.

The installation under Windows 3.x is performed with the program manager or the file manager:

1. Open the File menu. When menu item Execute... is selected, a window is opened to star t the setup

program. All executable files are displayed in the selection window by clicking the Search... key and
selecting the source drive (A: or the suitable drive letter).

2. Select the setup.exe file and confirm the settings with the OK key.

Note: The installation language is in English. Prior to starting the setup program terminate all

other Windows applications.

When re-installing EMI Software ESI-K1 all presettings offered in the queries and dialogs of the
installation program can be accepted with Next or Continue.

1108.0207.42 1-5 E-1

Introduction ESI-K1

1.2.3.5 Installation Options

After starting the setup program the following is displayed on the screen:

This dialog field selects the directory, in which EMI Software ESI-K1 is to be installed. Use the Browse..
key to change the directory or to enter a new directory.

Note: The path name under which the ESI-K1 software is to be installed should not exceed a

length of 30 characters.

After selecting the corresponding components and clicking the Change... key, another dialog field
allows the specific selection of options by a click:

If an existing ESI-K1 database (from an earlier ins tallation) is detected, either the existing database is
saved in a backup directory before creating the new database or this step is skipped by selecting the
option No Database Installation.

1108.0207.42 1-6 E-1

ESI-K1 Introduction

EMI Software ESI-K1, the associated Readme files of the installed components and options as well as
the Help files are combined in a program group, which can be selected via the next dialog:
Program group EMI is offered as a default setting:

Before the installation is performed by transferring the files from the installation disks, the setup program
again indicates the selected installation options, the selected components and options, the program path
and the program group for verification:

1108.0207.42 1-7 E-1

Introduction ESI-K1

The current state of the file transfer to the harddisk is displayed during the subsequent installation
through a progress bar.

The ESI-K1 program can be started in the selected program group by clicking the R&S icon after
termination of the setup program:

The ESI- K1 Readme File contains general and additional cur rent inform ation on EMI Software ESI-K1,
which must be taken into account before using the ESI-K1 software.

1108.0207.42 1-8 E-1

ESI-K1 Introduction

Directory structure of EMI Software ESI-K1:

The database of EMI Software ESI-K1 is installed in the DATA directory or in
the directories below. All relevant data such as limit lines, transducers, scan
and sweep data, test results, scripts, etc. are stored here.

The executable program components (binaries, DLLs etc.) are located in the
subdirectories EXECUTE, DEVICES and ESI-K1.

The supplied database which is pre-installed by the setup program is available
under the subdirectory IMP (Import).

The background pictures for the ESI-K1 software are stored in the WMF
directory.

Note: The installation of a later version of EMI Software ESI-K1 should always be c arried out in

its own directory (without overwriting of an existing version).

Existing data sets can be exported from an older version and imported into a newer version of ESI-K1.

1.2.3.6 De-installation of ESI-K1 Software

To de-install EMI Software ESI-K1, double- c lick the Un-Install ESI-K1 icon. The de-installation s of tware
clears all subdirectories generated under the installation directory and files, except the database files
created by the user after the installation as well as the file ESI-K1.INI in the subdirectory ..\EXECUTE\.
The above-mentioned files or the paths created after the installation are to be manually cleared, as
required.

1.2.3.7 First Steps after Installation

If the application ESI-K1 is installed on an external PC (W indows 3.1 / 3.11 / 95 / 98 / NT 4) then after
being started, a messagebox c omes up which indicates that a file ’RSIB.DLL’ could not be found. The
missing file represents the internal interface on the ESI which connects the application with the
instrument. The application first tries to communicate over this interface to control the ESI. On an
external PC this mess agebox can be ignored (click OK) and so the application will continue with the
GPIB interface (file ’GPIB.DLL’ of the GPIB device driver for Windows).

Note: When the application window is minimized under Windows NT 4.0, then the window cannot

be restored with the left mouse button, but with the right mouse button instead.

Important Note:

The databases generated by the application are not designed for multi us er access, i.e. only one user
may access such a database at a time.

1108.0207.42 1-9 E-1

Introduction ESI-K1

1.3 Introduction to Operation

This section desc ribes the menus and functions calls offered by the EMI Application Sof tware ESI-K1.
Section 1.4 gives some examples to describe s tandard EMI measur ements, a part of these menus and
function calls being required for the interactive mode.

1.3.1 Starting Software ESI-K1 under Windows NT 4.0

Following the installation of the ESI-K1 software (provided it has not been factory-installed on the
internal controller), the icon/symbol of the software appears in the Windows NT Explorer.

In the Windows-NT Explor er the ESI-K1
icon is called by double click or Start -
Programs - EMI - ESI-K1 is activated.

The devices connected in the autom atic ally created device conf igur ation are quer ied whether there is an
IEC/IEEE-bus connection under the preset IEC/IEEE-bus address. In the basic vers ion, these are Test
Receiver ESI 7/26/40, Four-Line V-Network ESH2-Z5 and Two-Line V-Network ESH3-Z5.

After detection of the IEC/IEEE-bus installation, the ESI-K1 window is displayed as follows:

The program package ESI-K1 is then loaded and
activated.

The background can be switched of f via OPTIONS / BACKGROUND or replaced by any other *.W MF
file.

1108.0207.42 1-10 E-1

ESI-K1 Introduction

When the sof tware is started without active IEC/IEEE-bus connection, error messages which can be
acknowleged with
database such as graphics, test results, test reports without physical connection of the devices.

The software is started automatically, ie a log-in by means of user name or password is not required.

are displayed. It is however possible to edit/open/close files available in the

Caution: In the absence of IEC/IEEE-bus connections (GPIB drivers), the program outputs the

following error messages:

Error message:
ESI Test Receiver driver cannot be driven.

Error message:
Four-line V-network cannot be driven.

1108.0207.42 1-11 E-1

Introduction ESI-K1

Error message:
Two-line V-network cannot be driven.

1.3.2 Direct Device Control

The icons on the background for Test Receiver ESI and V-networks ESH2-Z5/ESH3-Z5 can be directly
selected by mouse click for setting the devices.

Basically, differentiation is made whether Test Receiver ESI is to make a single-frequency
measurement or a sweep sequence. Parameters such as center frequency, bandwidth, measurement
time, detector(s), etc. can be set individually. The parameters are adopted and activated by pressing

. Due to the preset measurement time, the updated detector level values appear on the

display which permanently flashes. On pressing
entries/parameter modifications can then be made.

the operation is stopped and other

With SWEEP MODE selected in the upper menu line, a complete spectrum with preset parameters can
be measured.

Caution: The instrument operates in the SWEEP MODE in the spectrum analyzer mode, ie for

example bandwidth entries are 3 dB values and the resolution of the values measured
during the sweep is limited.

1108.0207.42 1-12 E-1

ESI-K1 Introduction

The internal demodulation path is switched on with for aural monitoring. All values are
adopted by clicking the

graphic display. On pressing
After STOP the

can be used to quit the menu.
The result display or the measured values can be stored with

A further way of quick recording in the SW EEP MO DE is with the use of the button SCHREIBER. After

and keys which cannot be accessed before are dis played and

key and the updated measured values are indicated on the upper

the operation is stopped and all parameters can be m odified.

under a file name.

the above procedure and selecting
intensity (with different colours) and frequency band occupancy versus time. Signals occuring
permanently or sporadically can thus be recorded.

1108.0207.42 1-13 E-1

the lower half of the diagram is us ed to record the level

Introduction ESI-K1

The fast device control via SWEEP sequences can be extended after opening the pre-installed
database by selecting SWEEP TABLE. The user can call up the prepared sweep tables which are
assigned to the associated standards.

To measure conducted emission on network feed lines, the setup is completed by artificial mains
networks ESH2-Z5 (four-line ar tificial mains network for each phas e max. 25 A) and ESH3- Z5 (two-line
artificial mains network for each phase m ax. 10 A) which can be selected in the toolbar. For remote­controlling the two artificial mains network s their contr ol cable should be connected to the USER PORT
of Test Receiver ESI.

Test Receiver ESI and associated control cables:

EZ-4 Control cable (.03) 3 meter to ESH3-Z5
EZ-5 Control cable (.03) 10 meter to ESH2-Z5
EZ-6 Control cable (.03) 10 meter to ESH3-Z5

1108.0207.42 1-14 E-1

ESI-K1 Introduction

Setting of the four-line V-network

Setting of the two-line V-network

If the toolbar is not available as required after installation or starting ESI-K1, it can be activated by
clicking under OPTIONS.

The same settings for individual devices as of fered under the icons of the toolbar can be accessed via
TEST - SET DEVICE.

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Introduction ESI-K1

1.3.3 Familiarization with the Measurements

For standard-conforming m eas ur ements the simplest way is to use the information contained in the ESI­K1 database concerning frequency scan or sweep, transduc er characteristic s (eg of the artificial m ains
networks) and limit values of the diff erent standards. T he database of ESI- K1 is routed via a Navigator
which can be directly called from the File menu.

The configuration of software ESI-K1 allows the commenting/description of created or modified files.

gives the user short information including modification made by the user or the

deviation from the default setting.

The Navigator function "Open" and file type "Scan table" is used to access the internal databas e. The
desired scan table described with the standard names is marked and opened with

1108.0207.42 1-16 E-1

.

ESI-K1 Introduction

In the following example the scan table is to be opened f or European standard EN 55011 to perf orm a
field-strength measurem ent in the range of 30 MHz to 1000 MHz. Depending on the antenna measuring
range, the scan tables contain antenna correction factors for the corresponding subrange. If other
antennas are used, transducer tables should be created and assigned to the associated subrange.

The selected scan table is opened. For the modification of the above scan table, see section 1.1.3.2.
When the parameter s of the selected scan table are k nown, the direct start as described under 1.1.3.1
can be initialized.

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Introduction ESI-K1

1.3.3.1 Starting a Preconfigured Scan Table

Since a scan table adapted or modif ied as to measurement bandwidth, step size, measurement time
and detector selection is often used for the same DUT, it is recommended to start directly from the
menu bar

or via

The advantage is that a corresponding graphics conf iguration and report configuration is immediately
generated. One has to be careful in case of a repeated m eas urem ent becaus e files recorded pr eviously
are automatically overwritten. On the other hand, it is convenient not to make again a complete
measurement of already existing data, but to repeat the measurement only in some critical subranges
and to transfer subrange results to the total result file. The final measurem ent in a subrange can be
preset by entering the start and stop frequency, the same s can table with the s am e antenna cor rections
being automatically included in the result in the background.

The same procedur e applies to the use of prepared sweep tables for operating the s pectrum analyzer
mode of Test Receiver ESI.

1108.0207.42 1-18 E-1

ESI-K1 Introduction

The default settings made in scan table EN 55011 FIELD are transferred to the test receiver. The active
transducer tables are not downloaded to the receiver but the read-out results are set off against the
correction tables per software.

Note: ESI always displays uncorrected values. Since the correction is made only within the

software, level differences occur between the values shown on ESI and those on the PC.

After entering a new/old graphic is opened and a scan is immediately started which writes the
measurement data from the above case to the two result files FIELD MAX PK and FIELD AVG (the
figure shown here contains virtually generated traces).

The scan can be stopped with and so the results are not complete or are terminated
according to the called scan table. When a new test is started, the recorded results are overwritten. With

it is possible to stop the scan, to measure at the obtained preset frequency or to pass
onto another subrange or to continue the measurement at the subrange start frequency used there.
When HALT is activated, the grey keys OTHER FREQUENCIES and NEXT SUBRANGE shown in the
above figure are highlighted active.

Assuming that a meas urement was completely perform ed, the res ult f iles are available in tabulated f or m
as well as graphical representation.
Call the Navigator from File menu, select the navigator under Function "Open" and "Test result" as
type of file. After selecting file name EN 55011 Field MaxPk and clicking OK, the result list appears.

1108.0207.42 1-19 E-1

Introduction ESI-K1

The test results can be printed in tabular form. Modification is performed by clicking the associated
frequency and further processing DELETE / CHANGE. The display and sorting within the table can be
preset as increasing/decreasing order depending on the type of columns. The standard two-colum result
file can be re-configured as required by adding one or several columns.

1108.0207.42 1-20 E-1

ESI-K1 Introduction

Selection of incremental/decremental sorting:

Parameter preset for sorting:

Creating an additional column:

1108.0207.42 1-21 E-1

Introduction ESI-K1

Text/unit and display range of additional column:

For further operation, eg of graphical elements, scan/sweep editor or limit value lines, refer to chapter 2
"Graphical User Interface" and following ones.

Graphical controls:

(see chapter .2x)

The above actions for menu and functions calls are to be called as complete measurement examples,
such as in spurious emission measurements, ie automatic program SCRIPT. Standard measurements
for RFI voltage, RFI power and RFI field-strength measurement can be started from the preset default
settings. Individual parameter sets which are adapted to the DUT or modified are useful for conclusive
reproducible measurements with the least possible measurement time.

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ESI-K1 Introduction

1.4 Introduction to Operation - Measurement Examples

This section describes the oper ation of the s of tware. T he two examples used are explained step by step
to familiarize the user.

The main advantages of a measurement using ESI-Software ESI-K1 are:

• Reliability and reproducibility of results

• Detailed display of results

• Time saving with standard measurements

The two described examples are based on two typical tasks of EMI measurements. They can be
immediately performed with the equipment represented in the test setup and therefore be put to
practical use.

Normally, software ESI-K1 is installed on the integrated Microsoft Windows NT controller of Test
Receiver ESI (if not already done in the factory). To install the software on the internal controller, s ee
section 1.11 Installing Windows NT Software in the ESI operating manual.

Alternatively, the software can be installed on a separate controller (PC) and - eg for s ubsequent repor t
generation - be used without an ESI receiver being connected.
If ESI is not connected to the separate controller or if no IEC/IEEE-bus interface is installed in the PC,
the software automatically switches to a so-called "virtual mode" on star t-up. After software start-up (see
section 1.1.1), several windows are displayed.

In this case, the section Tes t Setup is irrelevant. The meas urements are just simulated and m easured
values generated by an internal PRBS generator (settable) are entered in the graphics configuration.

1.4.1 Description of Some Terms

Some terms are explained which are often used in connection with ESI-K1 are clarified in the following.

• Transducers are twoports located between the input of the test setup and the test rec eiver, eg the

test antenna in the RFI field-strength measurem ent. The antenna converts the RFI field-strength

level (to be indicated in dB(µV/m) for electrical field strength) to a voltage level (measured in
dB(µV)) which is displayed by the test receiver. The difference between the two numeric values is
referred to as transducer factor (unit dB(1/m)) which is generally frequency-dependent. Therefore,
the stored transducer values always contain the frequency-dependent transducer factor and the
conversion of the unit so that the final result represents the measured quantity in size and unit.

• Standards (EN, FCC, VDE) listed in the ESI-K1 database contain information on the spurious

emission limit values, on the frequency range specified by the standard and on the ESI setting.
These are so-called product-family standards, eg standard EN55014 for "Electric Facilities and
Systems" including household appliances and electric tools. Militar y standards are not im plemented
in ESI-K1.

• Scanning is the stepwise tuning of the tes t receiver over the f requency. The stepwidth (absolute or

in percent of the corresponding tuning frequency), the dwell time on each frequency as well as the
start and stop frequency are to be defined. This proc edure is us ed by Test Rec eivers ESI in the EMI
Receiver mode.

• Sweep is the (quasi) continuous tuning of an analyzer over the frequency. The parameter s are the

start and stop frequency and also the time required by the anayzer to sweep the frequency range.
ESI receivers use this type of frequency control in the analyzer mode.

1108.0207.42 1-23 E-1

Introduction ESI-K1

1.4.2 Performance of Measurements

1.4.2.1 Selection of Measurement Sequence Control

The sequence control of a measurement with ESI-K1 sof tware can be either interactive or automatic.
Normally, the automatic mode is us ed with so-c alled s c ripts ( see below) if the inter f er ence is s table over
the measurement time. It is recommended to perform the dif f er ent measurement s teps in the interactive
mode for intermittent, quickly drifting interferences with long cycle periods.

• Interactive mode (see section 1.3.2)
In the interactive mode, all settings and analysis functions for the test s equence, such as the definitions
of the scan or sweep tables, the selection or editing of limit or transducer values or the generation of the
report configuration, are performed stepwise and interactively.
The simplest way to carry out a measurem ent is to use the data sets contained in the ESI-K1 database
concerning frequency scan or sweep, transducer characteristics (eg of the test antennas) and limit
values for a large number of commercial standards.
The semi-interactive script can also be selected in this case.

• Automatic mode
The measurement sequence is automatically performed by scripts (a macro language). The scripts
control the measurement sequence, evaluate the results and generate the necessary reports for the
documentation of results.
For ensuring maxim um flexibility the scripts are parameter ized, thus allowing optimum adaptation of a
test to the user’s requirements and thus effective performance. The script parameters can be edited
either directly or on start-up of the script and can be completely stored as a parameter set. Various
parameters of this type can be created for each script (see section ).

The following applications were selected as measurement examples:

• Measuring the RFI voltage in the frequency range up to 30 MHz

• Measuring the RFI field-strength in the frequency range as from 30 MHz

The measurement examples are performed in the automatic mode.

1.4.2.2 Operating Software ESI-K1 under Windows NT on ESI

Changeover between measurement screen and controller screen

Key combination <ALT><SYSREQ> (US keyboard) calls the controller function with the Windows
NT desktop on the ESI screen.

The maximum resolution of the ESI internal display is 640 x 480 pixels (VGA). Since the ESI-K1
software requires a minimum resolution of 800 x 600 pixels (SVGA) for full-screen display, it is
recommended to connect a separate PC monitor to the rear-panel connector.

External monitor operation should then be selected.
Setting is performed in the m enu
information in ESI operating manual, section 1.7 " Connecting an External Monitor"):

SETUP-GENERAL SETUP

(key group CONFIGURATION, see further

1108.0207.42 1-24 E-1

ESI-K1 Introduction

If no monitor is available, the setting of the internal mask can be adapted to the required resolution via

The screen can then be scrolled with the mouse cursor via the ESI-K1 user interface.

1108.0207.42 1-25 E-1

Introduction ESI-K1

Starting ESI-K1 software

Double-clicking the icon

on the PC screen or selecting Start - Programs - EMI - ESI-K1 starts the software. After info window

and - in operation on an external PC - remark on a virtual mode, the default background of ESI-K1
showing the basis for all further operating steps is displayed:

1108.0207.42 1-26 E-1

ESI-K1 Introduction

1.4.3 Measuring the RFI Voltage in the Frequency Range

up to 30 MHz (example)

1.4.3.1 Introduction

The RFI voltage measurement includes conducted interferences caused by electrical coupling and
occur in the lower range of the RF spectrum. The coupling device for spurious s ignals is usually an
artificial mains network to which the AC lines are c onnected. The artificial mains network represents a
standardized terminating impedance for the DUT and decouples the high-frequency spurious signal
from the test receiver.
In RFI voltage measurements, a field-coupled geometry-dependent influence on measured values
caused by the near-field components of the EMI f ield str ength is to be expec ted in the , especially in the
upper frequency range.
A reproducible standard-conforming setup is therefore essential.
At present, European standards specify limit values in the frequency range of 9 kHz to 30 MHz (see test
setup figure).

In addition to artificial mains networks, probes with an im pedance of 1.5 kΩ or ≥ 100 kΩ are us ed for
RFI voltage measurements up to 30 MHz.

R&S offers the following accessories for the measurement of conducted interferences:

• Four-Line V-Network ESH2-Z5 (max. 4 x 25 A)

• Two-Line V-Network ESH3-Z5 (max. 2 x 10 (16) A)

• V-Network 5 µH//50Ω ESH2-Z6 (max 150 A)

• Active probe, R

• Passive probe, R

• 2 x 2-wire ISN to CISPR 22 ENY22

• 4-wire ISN to CISPR 22 ENY41

The probes and V-networks are used for m easuring the asymmetrical RFI voltage on supply lines and
coupling networks (ISN) ENY for measuring asymmetrical RFI voltage on non-shielded symmetrical
telecommunication interfaces.

Generally, the frequency range for RFI voltage measurements is lim ited to the above f r equenc y range of
9 kHz to 30 MHz in national and international standards. On vehicle accessories, RFI voltage
measurements are performed up to 108 MHz.
Detailed information on the type of artificial mains network to be used in specific cases is contained in
the last versions of the standards (CISPR standar ds, European s tandards, VDE regulations , FCC Rules
& Regulations, VCCI recommendations, etc.).

in ≥ 100 kΩ ESH2-Z2

in = 1.5 kΩ ESH2-Z3

1108.0207.42 1-27 E-1

Introduction ESI-K1

y

1.4.3.2 Measurement Procedure

The following example desc ribes the measurement of RFI voltage on AC supply lines, optionally with
automatic line switchover when using an artificial mains network (also known as LISN) from R&S.

Test setup to CISPR 16-2, Figure 2:

> 200

Reference ground

200

EUT

LISN

40

30...40

>80

Test receiver

80

Wooden table

To avoid measurement errors caused by ambient interference, the DUT and measuring head ( artificial
mains network or probe) should be operated in a shielded cell whereas Test Receiver ESI with
keyboard, mouse and printer remains outside.

For controlling phase selection and the protective-earth simulating network of networks ESH2-Z5,
ENV4200 and ESH3-Z5, route the +5 V supply voltage and some control lines through the wall of the
shielded room.

Cables EZ-4 and EZ-5 are available for the Four-Line V-Network ESH2-Z5, EZ-4 and EZ-6 for Two-Line
V-Network ESH3-Z5 and EZ-4 and EZ-22 for Four-Line V-Network ENV4200.

During the RFI voltage measurement with artificial mains networks, leak age currents of several 100 m A
flow due to the requirements. Moreover, voltage peaks can be generated, especially on switching the
measured lines, and may overload or destroy the test receiver input. Pulse-limiting components (as
incoporated or external module) should be used for protection.

Block diagram of a RFI voltage measurement setup:

EUT

Power suppl

RFI

LISN

RFI

LP filter

HP filter

Line select

RFI

EMI Test

Receiver ESI

with ESI- K 1

TTL

Netz

1108.0207.42 1-28 E-1

ESI-K1 Introduction

1.4.3.3 Progamming the Measurement with Software ESI-K1

In the following example, the measurement is performed in the automatic mode us ing the Voltage Mains
script.

To do this, submenu Execute script... is to be clicked:

The corresponding script selection menu is opened in which the Voltage Mains script can be selected

and started by clicking

If the program is in the virtual mode (see introduction to this section), a message is displayed again:

1108.0207.42 1-29 E-1

Introduction ESI-K1

A mouse click on

starts the script and a window is opened which continuously informs on the script sequence:

Another window is then displayed for selecting or defining the script parameters:

This menu compris es the selection window of the parameter set to be us ed for the m easurem ent which
can be defined beforehand,

then submenu and the following submenus (Topics) for defining or modifying script parameters:

1108.0207.42 1-30 E-1

ESI-K1 Introduction

As far as parameter sets are concerned, ESI-K1 presently supports the following factory-set standards:

On selecting a parameter set, eg EN 55011 Voltage, in line with the product standard for industrial,
scientific and medical high-frequency instruments (ISM devices)

EN 55011

Frequency range: 0.15 to 30 MHz
Detectors/limit values: QP and AV
Standards used: VDE 0875 Part 11 , CISPR 11
DUTs: ISM: Class B; Group 1

the associated frequency run (sweep/scan tables) and the corresponding limit lines (quasipeak,
average) are automatically loaded to the relevant submenus.

If required, the preset data sets can then be edited again in the c orr es ponding s ubmenus or replaced by
other existing data sets.

Alternatively, complete parameter sets can be pre-edited as required and directly loaded after starting
the script by its selection in the above parameter set window.
In addition, the ES-K1 database containing the different file types is directly called from the File menu
via the file manager named by means of the navigator.

1108.0207.42 1-31 E-1

Introduction ESI-K1

The selected parameter set for the RFI voltage measurement in the f requency range up to 30 MHz in
line with product family standard EN 55011 offers the following settings for the script param eters (sc ript
parameters are described in detail in section xxx of this manual):

1108.0207.42 1-32 E-1

ESI-K1 Introduction

Topic ’Test’

Parameter 01, here: ’Voltage 0001’, is a character string used to identify the files belonging to the same
test. The upper and lower test limits are selected accor ding to the standard (parameters 02 and 03) . If
required, the whole frequency range can be divided into subranges which can be com pletely measured
(preview measurement, data reduction, final measurement). This reduces for example the interval
between the preview measurement and final m easurement, which is an advantage for the detection of
drifting interference (parameters 05 and 06). However, a division into subranges was not set in this
example.

Selecting parameter 04 ("suppress queries as far as possible") suppres ses standard queries during the
script sequence such as:

(prerequisite for an almost interruption-free measurement procedure).

1108.0207.42 1-33 E-1

Introduction ESI-K1

Topic ’Preview’

If parameter 05 is marked, an existing result file of the same name is overwritten for the specified
frequency range so that it is possible to measure again specific bands of the spectrum, the rest
remaining unchanged.

Topic ’DataReduction’

The ESI-K1 data reduction for the f inal measur ement with quasipeak and average detector is of flexible
design:

The scan or sweep results of the preview measurement can be processed both with

subrange-maxima reduction

(parameter 03: defining a maximum number of results determined by data reduction for each script
subrange; here eg 15) and with

peak reduction

(parameter 04).
After combining the determ ined points (only one entry is formed for identical fr equencies) the result is
transferred to an

acceptance analysis,

ie all points below the imaginary acceptance line (parameter 05) are not taken into account in the final
measurement. If a

partial scan (parameters 07, 08) is perf orm ed, m or e than one critic al RFI frequenc y can be determ ined
for each partial scan with the above data reduction procedures; parameter 06 limits the number of
results of a partial scan (after the data reduction performed with it).

1108.0207.42 1-34 E-1

ESI-K1 Introduction

Topic ’Final’

The final measurement settings (either as single measurement or with additional partial scans ( selec tion
via parameter 04)) are performed according to a preset scan table (selection via parameter 03). If
parameter 04 is activated (eg when the preview measurem ent was perform ed with a sweep or if drif ting
interferers are expected), partial scans are first c arried out at the critical frequencies found during the
preview measurement. The final measurements are then performed at the (current) frequencies
resulting from the partial scans (with data reduction).

The settings defined in the scan table is always used for the individual measur ement with Q P (and AV)
detector. If required, these settings c an be m odified as to the test detector and m easuring tim e. For this
reason, it is possible to select a short m easur ement tim e in the scan table f or the PK (and AV) detector
whereas the other settings (eg IF bandwidth, demodulation, etc.) should be adapted to the
measurement with QP detector. The QP measurement time is separately selected under parameter 07.

1108.0207.42 1-35 E-1

Introduction ESI-K1

Topic ’Graphic’

The graphics configuration desc ribes the appearance of the graphic , ie the display of measured values
(level) versus the frequency axis. In addition, the number and display form ( eg colour) of traces, limit
lines or transducers are def ined in the graphic s configuration. Markers, delta m ar kers or legend are als o
specified here.

The file name for the graphics configuration used in this test is entered or selected under param eter 01
(eg EN 55011 Voltage).

If the current graphics configur ation is to be derived from an exis ting graphics configuration (eg its line
and colour settings), it can be selected under parameter 02.
Parameter 03 should be activated (ticked) to display the PEAK/QUASIPEAK results with the
corresponding QUASIPEAK limit line and the AVERAGE results with the AVERAGE limit line on two
separate diagrams.

Topic ’Report’

The documentation of a test usually comprises a report header and the graphical display of results
(graphics configuration). T he test report layout is set by means of a report configur ation in which, for
example, the report header, the graphic and the type of representation of results are defined. The
contents of the printout with this report configuration is thus specified.

Selecting parameter 01 generated a report configuration for printing and a printout is started on the
printer defined for the ESI-K1 sof tware. The file nam e for the report c onfiguration to be used in the test
is selected in parameter 02. An optional text can be entered under parameter 03 for the f ooter on the
test report.

1108.0207.42 1-36 E-1

ESI-K1 Introduction

Topic ’Report Header’

A report usually contains different infor mation which are relevant for the test and can be specified in
detail in the report header. This includes in addition to the header line the test conditions, the test
location or the DUT description, for example.

Optionally, the file name of an existing report header can be called under parameter 02. The file name is
to be used as a template for the test report header and, if required, modified in only some lines.

A character string which is to be tak en over in the r eport header as f ur ther c omment line can be entered
in the field for parameter 12. If this is not used, the test start time is automatically entered here.

1108.0207.42 1-37 E-1

Introduction ESI-K1

Topic ’LISN’

With script parameter set LISN it is possible to set the automatic control of the used artificial m ains
network (NNB or LISN). Otherwise, manual operation of NNB is performed using dialog windows.

Depending on the type of the used NNB, the parameters for autom atic phase selection should be set
(parameter 01 deactivated).

• Two-Line NNB ESH3-Z5 (parameter 02): switchover is performed between lines N and L1; The

protective earth is earthed and open (high-im pedance). Relevant settings under param eters 04, 05,
06 and 07 for the preview measurements and 10, 11, 12 and 13 for the final measurements.

• Four-Line NNB ESH2-Z5 or ENV4200 (parameter 03): switchover is perform ed between lines N, L1,

L2 and L3; The protective earth is earthed and open (high-impedance). Relevant settings under
parameters 04, 05, 06, 07, 08 and 09 for the pr eview measurements and 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15
for the final measurements.

In our example (RFI voltage measurem ent with T wo-Line NNB ESH3-Z5), the preview m easur em ent (to
find critical frequencies ), as usual, is carr ied out with only one setting of the artificial mains network (eg
phase L1 with open protective earth). The final measurement is then performed on all lines. With
automatic line selection, artificial m ains networks ESH2-Z5, ENV4200 and ESH3-Z5 are controlled via
the user port of the receiver.

• Single-Line NNB (eg ESH3-Z6) or probe (eg ESH3-Z4): in this case, a number of supply lines (AC or

DC) are normally measured; switchover between the lines can be effected manually only.

For standards stipulating RFI current m easurem ents, instead of the RFI voltage the RFI current can be

measured with an RF current transf ormer by entering the transducer factor with the unit dBµ A. In this
case too, automatic line selection is not necessary.
With an active ar tificial m ains networks , a minim um RF attenuation is always switched on to reduc e the
risk of damaging the r eceiver input which is high espec ially with measurements perf ormed with artif icial
mains networks.

1108.0207.42 1-38 E-1

ESI-K1 Introduction

If parameter 04 is activated (PE floating), the protective earth choke is switched on.
The PE grounded/floating control is not provided for Four-Line NNB ENV4200. Its protective earth is
always connected to ground (PE grounded).

Parameters 16 and 17 specif y the num ber of lines to be measured in the preview measurement and
final measurement using a single-line V-network.

Transducer factors are normally not required in the case of artificial mains network s since they output
the correct voltage levels.

Start of the measurement

After defining all script parameters the measurement is started by clicking on

1108.0207.42 1-39 E-1

Introduction ESI-K1

A preview test is first perform ed to determine the critical f requencies. The test rec eiver setting and the
test run are defined by the selected script parameters.

After this preview test, a final measur ement can be perform ed at the found critical f requencies with the
selected detectors.

After confirming the final measurement, the user is asked to set the DUT to the required mode.

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ESI-K1 Introduction

The preview measurem ent is then performed followed by the data reduction with the settings selected
under topic ’Data reduction’.

Peak reduction / subrange-maxima reduction

Ï

Data combination

Ï

Acceptance analysis

Ï

Maxima reduction

The steps of the script are continuously reported in a window which is automatically displayed after
starting the script.

A script run can be halted by clicking

continued by clicking
and aborted by clicking
Note that a currently active sweep or scan should prior be aborted.

The test results obtained until that tim e may only be usable to a limited extent. After an abort it is no
longer possible to continue the script routine.
Following the preview measurement and data reduction, a final m easurement can be c arried out at the
critical frequencies.

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Introduction ESI-K1

The final measurement takes place in the settings made in topic ’Final’.
At all critical frequencies determ ined with the peak detector during the preview measurem ent and data
reduction (ie the frequencies of the corresponding peak subrange maxima), the quasipeak values are
compared for all phases defined in the parameter set and the PE configuration( s) and the phase with
the highest quasipeak level is determined and recorded.

The following applies analogously:
At all critical frequencies determined with the average detector during the pre-meas urement and data

reduction (ie the frequencies of the corres ponding average subrange maxim a), the average values are
compared for all phases defined in the parameter set and the PE configuration( s) and the phase with
the highest average level is determined and recorded.

After completion of the final measurement, a graphical printout of results can be started.

The script routine is thus terminated

and the result is displayed graphically (in this example in the virtual mode with simulated test results):

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ESI-K1 Introduction

It may be useful to omit the test report in or der to re-def ine som e elem ents in the graphic s conf iguration
(eg line attributes), in the report header or in the report configuration and then to start the modified
printout by selecting menu items Print... in the File menu.

Alternatively, the test report can be stored as a RTF file.

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Introduction ESI-K1

1.4.4 Measuring the RFI Field Strength in the Frequency Range

from 30 MHz (example)

1.4.4.1 Introduction

Many electrical and electronic products generate interfer ence in the form of electromagnetic radiation.
Electronic circuits, for example, act as a signal source whereas internal and external lines and casing
openings act as radiation antennas.
In the frequency range up to 30 MHz, interference coupling for the observed dis tances to the DUT is
separated by the electrical and magnetic field components (near-field c oupling). At higher frequencies,
however, the E and H field are permanently coupled (electromagnetic wave), ie far-field conditions
prevail in this case.

Receive antennas convert electromagnetic free-space waves into conducted waves. It is required for
measuring antennas that their frequency-dependent transfer response which is expressed by the
antenna factor (or logarithm ized: transducer factor) is specified in detail. CISPR 16 stipulates an error
limit of 3 dB for field-strength measurement with a maximum uncertainty of 2 dB for the test receiver.
Electrically short dipoles or monopoles are used for the measurement of electrical RFI field strength
below 30 MHz. Their dimensions should be 1 m at maximum for measurement distances up to 10 m.
The magnetic RFI field strength is measured by means of loop antennas which should have a
decoupling against the electrical field of at leas t 20 dB. Linear-polarized broadband antennas or tuned
dipoles are used for the frequency range of 30 MHz to 1 GHz.

Rohde & Schwarz offers the following antennas for the RFI measurement:

• Broadband dipole 20 to 80 MHz HUF-Z1

• Log-periodic broadband antenna 80 to 1300 MHz HL023A1

• Biconical antenna 20 to 300 MHz HK116

• Log-periodic antenna 200 to 1300 MHz HL223

• Log-periodic antenna 400 to 3000 MHz HL040

• Ultra-broadband antenna 30 to 3000 MHz HL562

Strictly speaking, RFI field-strength measurements deliver valid results only on so-called open-area
setups which should meet a setup attenuation within a tight tolerance.
Depending on the standard, the antenna is installed at distances of 3 m, 10 m and 30 m from the DUT.
Apart from a ground plate, no additional ref lecting object should be located within an ellipse with the
antenna and DUT located at the focus points (CISPR ellipse).

10 m open-area setup for RFI measurement:

Log. per. antenna

1 to 4 m

EUT

> 3 10 m

Refl. ground plane

Turn table

CISPR ellipse

1 m

> 5 m

d = 10 m

> 5 m

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ESI-K1 Introduction

The ground plate has a defined minimum size, it should be well conducting and should not include
openings larger than 3 cm. Since it generates reflections in the measurem ent frequency range (30 to
1000 MHz) which are superimposed on to the direct interf er enc e signal, the measured RFI field s trength
depends on polarization as well as on the height. The measurement antenna should therefore be
located at a height between 1 and 4 m (6 m for a 30 m test setup) to determine the maximum RFI.
Since the RFI radiation of the DUT is also dir ectional, it s hould be r otated in all planes and, if necessary,
measured in all possible modes.

The ambient interference which is often not constant in time is a major problem for open-area RFI
measurements. For this reason, the measurements are often performed in shielded anechoic
chambers. However, there are no valid standards for this type of measurements.
Since the test setup in the anechoic cham ber should have the same field-attenuation c haracteristic as
that of the open area, the metallic walls are cladded with suitable absorber m ater ials. In cas e of r educed
hall and absorber sizes (for cost reasons), problem s aris e in the lower frequency range due to cham ber
resonances so that such test setups cannot be used in the whole frequency range.

1.4.4.2 Measurement Procedure

The following example describes the measurement of the electromagnetic RFI field strength using
suitable antennas. The antenna mast and turntable control for setting the antenna height and
polarization as well as for DUT positioning (azimuth) is not performed via the ESI-K1 software but
separately (manually or via a seapate controller). To do this, the m easurem ent should be carried out at
the critical frequencies in all settings of the three parameters which influenc e the result (antenna height,
antenna polarization and turntable angle). The test may be very time-consuming depending on the step
width selected for these parameters.

1.4.4.3 Progamming the Measurement with Software ESI-K1

In this example, the measurement is performed in the automatic mode using the Field Strength script.
To do this, submenu Execute script... in main menu Test is to be clicked:

The script selection menu is opened in which the script can be selected

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Introduction ESI-K1

and started by clicking

If the program is in the virtual mode (see introduction to this section), a message is displayed again:

A mouse click on

starts the script and a window is opened which continuously informs on the script sequence and reports:

1108.0207.42 1-46 E-1

ESI-K1 Introduction

Another window is then displayed for selecting or defining the script parameters:

This menu com prises the selection window of the parameter s et to be used for the m easurement and
which can be defined beforehand,

then submenu
and the following submenus (Topics) for defining or modifying script parameters:

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Introduction ESI-K1

As far as parameter sets are concerned, ESI-K1 presently supports the following factory-set standards:

On selecting an available parameter set, eg EN 55011 Fieldstrength, in line with the product standard for
industrial, scientific and medical high-frequency instruments (ISM devices)

EN 55011

Frequency range: 30 to 1000 MHz
Detectors/limit values: QP
Standards used: VDE 0875 Part 11 , CISPR 11
DUTs: ISM: Class B; Group 1
Distance: 10 m

the associated frequency run (sweep/scan tables) and the corresponding limit lines (quasipeak,
average) are automatically loaded to the relevant submenus.
If required, the preset data sets can then be edited again in the c orr es ponding s ubmenus or replaced by
other data sets.
Alternatively, complete parameter sets can be pre-edited as required and directly loaded after starting
the script by its selection in the above parameter set window.

In this case, the ES-K1 database containing the dif ferent file types is directly called from the File m enu
via the file manager named by means of the navigator.

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ESI-K1 Introduction

The selected parameter set for the RFI voltage measurement in the frequency range of 30 MHz to
1000 MHz in line with product family standard EN 55011 offers the following settings for the script
parameters (script parameters are described in detail in section xxx of this manual):

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Introduction ESI-K1

Topic ’Test’

Parameter 01, here: ’Field 0001’ is a character string used to identify the files belonging to the same
test. The upper and lower test limits are selected according to the standard. If required, the whole
frequency range can be divided into subranges which can be completely measured (preview
measurement, data reduction, final measur ement). This reduces for exam ple the interval between the
preview measurement and final measurement, which is an advantage for the detection of drifting
interference. The value entered under parameter 07 is a minum value. If the value (as in this exam ple)
is set to 1, each subrange defined in the scan/sweep table is divided into a single subrange (test
range). Example: An RFI field-s trength measurement with two antennas and the two associated scan
subranges yields one test range per antenna range. In this case (ie without splitting), the whole
frequency range of the scan/sweep table is measured in one sequence (for preview and final
measurement) but it is interrupted by the request to change the antenna (if selected).

Selecting parameter 04 ("suppress queries as far as possible") suppres ses standard queries during the
script sequence such as:

Only the request is displayed to set manually the mast, turntable and antenna (type, change of
polarization) such as:

and the query for the final measurement results.

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ESI-K1 Introduction

Topic ’Preview’

Under parameter 04, a second scan table can be defined for preview measurements with vertical
polarization; the preview scan table (parameter 03) is then used for the m easurement with horizontal
polarization. The same applies to sweep tables.
If parameter 07 is marked, the scans/sweeps of the preview measurements are performed for all
accessory settings (as defined in the corresponding parameters related to the topics
’mast’/’polarization’/’turntable’). Otherwise only a preview measurement (scan/sweep) is perf ormed with
a fixed accessory setting according to the parameter preset related to the corresponding topics.

If parameter 08 is als o marked, an ex isting result file of the same nam e is overwritten for the specified
frequency range so that it is possible to measure again specific bands of the spectrum, the rest
remaining unchanged.

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Introduction ESI-K1

Topic ’DataReduction’

The ESI-K1 data reduction for the f inal measur ement with quasipeak and average detector is of flexible
design:

The scan or sweep results of the preview measurement can be processed both with

subrange-maxima reduction

(parameter 06: defining a maximum number of results determined by data reduction for each script
subrange; here eg 10 per scan subrange) and with
peak reduction (parameter 07 defines the decision level for data reduction with "peak reduction").
After combining the determ ined points (only one entry is formed for identical fr equencies) the result is
transferred to an

acceptance analysis

, ie all points below the imaginary acceptance line (parameter 08) are no longer taken into account in the
final measurement.
If an additional limit line is called under parameter 02, it is used instead of the above imaginary
acceptance line for the acceptanc e analysis in the data reduction of the PEAK pr eview res ults ; the value
set for the acceptance offset is ignored in this case. This applies analogously to a possible final
measurement with the average detector.
Partial scans (parameters 10, 11) are also performed in this example. The above data reduction
methods can be used to determ ine mor e than one critic al RFI f requency per partial scan; par ameter 09
limits the number of results of a partial scan (af ter the data reduction perform ed with it). The frequency
range of partial scans can be def ined either in multiples of the meas urem ent (IF) bandwidth (param eter

10) or, as in the present case, in percent of the corresponding test frequency (parameter 11: 0.01 = 1%).

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ESI-K1 Introduction

Topic ’Final’

The final measurement settings (single m easurem ent and, if required, partial scans ( param eter 07)) are
performed according to a preset scan table (parameter 03). If parameter 07 is activated (eg when
drifting interferers are ex pected), additional partial scans are first carried out at the cr itical frequencies
found during the preview measurem ent. T he final m eas urem ents are then perf orm ed at the fr equencies
obtained as a local maximum from the partial scans (with data reduction).

If parameter 08 (com plet search) is mark ed as in this exam ple, the final m easurement is perform ed for
all accessory settings (as defined in the corresponding parameters related to topics
’mast’/’polarization’/’turntable’). If no item is selected here, the measur em ent is perf orm ed with the m ast,
polarization and turntable settings which were determined in a complete preview measurement at the
corresponding frequencies. In addition, the s earch f or the loc al m axim um can be optim ized for the mast
and turntable either within a small setting range (parameter 11) or performed again over the whole
possible range (parameter 12).
If no preview measurem ent is performed, an existing file c an be used as a preview result for the final
measurements either jointly for the QP/QP+AV final measurement or as separate results files for the
quasipeak and average detectors (parameters 13 and 14). This is performed in the same way with
existing frequency lists (parameters 15 and 16) or with previous final measur ement results (parameters
17 and 18).

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Introduction ESI-K1

Topic ’Graphic’

The graphics configuration desc ribes the appearance of the graphic , ie the display of measured values
(level) versus the frequency axis. In addition, the number and display form ( eg colour) of traces, limit
values lines or transducers are def ined in the graphics configur ation. Markers, delta marker s or legend
are also specified here.

The file name for the graphics configuration used in this test is entered or selected under param eter 01
(eg EN 55011 Field).

If the current graphics configur ation is to be derived from an exis ting graphics configuration (eg its line
and colour settings), it can be selected under parameter 02.

Topic ’Report’

The documentation of a test usually comprises a report header and the graphical display of results
(graphics configuration). T he test report layout is set by means of a report configur ation in which, for
example, the report header, the graphic and the type of representation of results are defined. The
contents of the printout with this report configuration is thus specified.

Selecting parameter 01 generated a report configuration for printing and a printout is started via the
printer defined for the ESI-K1 sof tware. The file nam e for the report c onfiguration to be used in the test
is selected in parameter 02. An optional text can be entered under parameter 03 for the f ooter on the
test report.

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ESI-K1 Introduction

Topic ’Report Header’

A report usually contains different infor mation which are relevant for the test and can be specified in
detail in the report header. This includes in addition to the header line the test conditions, the test
location or the DUT description, for example.
Optionally, the file name of an existing report header can be called under parameter 02. The file name is
to be used as a template for the test report header and, if required, modified in only some lines.
A character string which is to be tak en over in the r eport header as f ur ther c omment line can be entered
in the field for parameter 12. If this is not used, the test start time is automatically entered here.

Topic ’Mast’

The script parameter s et Mast can be used to support the manual operation of the antenna mast by
means of dialog windows (parameter 01).

The setting values for antenna height indicated in the dialog windows are defined by the script
parameters 03 to 08 separately for preview and final measurement.

For the mast-height control (the priority of this setting related to the setting of turntable angle and
antenna polarization can be preset with parameter 02. Value 1 is the highest priority, value 3 the lowest
one.

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Introduction ESI-K1

Topic ’Turntable’

The script param eter set Turntable can be used to support the manual operation of the turntable for
positioning the DUT by means of dialog windows (parameter 01).

The setting values for turntable angle indic ated in the dialog windows are def ined by the values of sc ript
parameters 03 to 08 separately for preview and final measurement.

For the turntable position control (the priority of this setting related to the setting of antenna m ast height
and antenna polarization can be preset with parameter 02. Value 1 means the highest priority, value 3
the lowest one.

Topic ’Polarisation’

The script parameter set Polarization can be used to support the manual switchover of the antenna
polarization by means of dialog windows (parameter 01).
The two polarization settings are defined (separately for preview and final measurement) by marking
script parameters 03 to 06.

The priority of this polarization switchover can be preset with respect to the setting of antenna mast heigt
and turntable angle using parameter 02. Again, value 1 m eans the highest priority, value 3 the lowest
one.

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ESI-K1 Introduction

Start of the measurement

After defining all script parameters the measurement is started by clicking on

A preview test is first performed to determine the critical frequencies.

This preview measurem ent may be omitted and instead of it the result of a previous preview can be
used as input data set for data reduction and subsequent final test. This also applies to frequency lists
or previous final measurement results.

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Introduction ESI-K1

The settings shown below apply as standard to the preview scan table to EN 55011 Field f or the two
scan subranges 30 to 200 MHz and 200 MHz to 1 GHz.

These settings can of course be modified before carr ying out measurement s o that the measurement
can be adapted to the user’s requirements and optimized.

R&S antennas HK116 (30 to 200 MHz) and HL223 (200 to 1000 MHz) are preprogrammed for this
measurement in the above s can table EN 55011 F. The change between the antennas at 200 MHz is

1108.0207.42 1-58 E-1

ESI-K1 Introduction

automatically performed by differently defining the inputs for the two scan subranges. Input 1 for HK116
and input 2 (DC-coupled) for HL223. This change of antenna is not necessary when a broadband
antenna (eg R&S HL562 ’Ultralog’) is used.

Typical open-area values of the two antennas are also preprogrammed as transducer factors. For
optimizing the measurement uncertainty, these preprogrammed value pairs can be replaced by the
actual antenna calibration values. The values can be defined in advance as follows:

Using

they are created as additional transducer sets.
If the whole frequency range is divided into subranges (as in this example) for the test. The subranges

are completely measured (preview measurement, data reduction, final measurement). This
considerably reduces the time interval between preview measur ement and final measurem ent, which is
an advantage for the detection of drifting interferers. In addition, this method reduces manipulation
during the measurem ent when several antennas are used (ie only one change of antenna during the
whole test).

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Introduction ESI-K1

After the preview measurem ent, a final measurem ent can be performed with the selected detectors at
the found critical frequencies.

After confirming the final measurement, the user is asked to set the DUT to the required mode.

The measurem ent sequence is started with the request to connect the antenna (HK116 here) selected
for the first subrange.

In the further interactive operation the user is guided step by step by means of dialog windows. The
different steps of the script run are reported at the same time:

etc.

The following script run applies to the preview measurement in the scan subrange of 30 to 200 MHz:

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ESI-K1 Introduction

The preview scans are performed at an antenna height of 1 m and 3 m at a turntable angle of 0° und
180° respectively. In this example the scans are however performed only in the horizontal polarization.

After each scan the result list is updated, ie for each test f requency the existing level value is com pared
to the currently measured level value and overwritten with it:

The values associated with this level value concerning antenna height, turntable angle and antenna
polarization are automatically stored.

Thus, only one result list with a preset fixed number of value pairs (frequency/level) is obtained depending on
the definition of start/stop frequency and stepwidth of the (sub) scan with the relevant settings for mast,
turntable and polarization. This method generally applies to all measurement sequences within ESI-K1 both to
the preview and the final measurement results at the critical frequencies.

A script routine can be stopped by clicking
continued by clicking
and aborted by clicking
Note that a currently active sweep or scan should prior be aborted.

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Introduction ESI-K1

The test results obtained until that tim e may only be usable to a limited extent. After an abort it is no
longer possible to continue the script routine.

Following the preview measurement and data reduction, a final m easurem ent can be c arried out for the
frequency subrange (30 to 200 MHz here) at the critical frequencies.

If, like in this example, partial scans around the critical frequencies determined in a preview were
selected in connection with the final measurement for accurate detection of drifting interferers, these
scans will now be carried out. The mast/turntable/polarization settings correspond to those of the
preview measurement. In our example a value of 1% of the corresponding final measurement frequency
is defined as a partial scan range.

For these updated frequencies, the actual final measurement (complete search) is performed for all

antenna heights between 1 m and 4 m at distances of 50 cm in all turntable positions between 0° and
315° (in 45° steps). This oper ation is f irs t c ompletely carried out for one polarization plane (vertical here)
and then repeated for the other polarization plane (horizontal here).

The mast and turntable control is programmed in such a way that an effective and continuous
movement is ensured in order to minimize the duration of the required mast/turntable settings.

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ESI-K1 Introduction

The results are then optim ized again by manually changing settings of the mast and turntable. A quas i­analog bargraph display of the measured level value facilitates the search for m aximum values. The

measurement result is stored by clicking

The numeric values for the turntable angle and the mast height are manually entered after each
measurement.

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Introduction ESI-K1

This procedure is repeated for all final test frequencies. The corresponding default settings for mast
height, turntable angle and antenna polarization are reported in advance.

After completion of the f inal measurement for this sc an s ubrange, the whole proc edur e desc r ibed above
is repeated for the next range with the request to change the antenna (HL223 here).

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ESI-K1 Introduction

After completion of the f inal m easurement for this subrange, the m eas urem ent is now ter m inated in this
example and a printout of the graphical result display can be started.

The script routine is then terminated

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Introduction ESI-K1

and the result is graphically displayed (in this example in the virtual mode with simulated test results):

It may be useful to omit the test report in or der to re-def ine som e elem ents in the graphic s conf iguration
(eg line attributes), in the report header or in the report configuration and then to start the modified
printout by selecting menu items Print... in the File menu.

Alternatively, the test report can be stored as a RTF file:

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ESI-K1 Introduction

1108.0207.42 1-67 E-1

2 Graphical User Interface

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ESI-K1 Graphical User Interface

2.1 Overview

The graphical user interfac e is very similar to the widely used standard interface for MS-WINDOW S.
This environment per mits the user to perfor m all operations in interactive m ode. The dialogs and input
masks provide a complete overview of all possible settings, such as file and graphics operations,
parameter settings, measuring and analyzing functions, etc. The measurement results can be easily
transferred to other WINDOWS programs in tabular or graphical format.

When using the m ouse (or the track ball), various functions are very easily accessible by means of the
fields in the Main Toolbar. T he same is true f or the Device Toolbar, which perm its to start the device
dialogs (activation in the menu Options):

As soon as the mouse cur sor rests one s econd on an icon then an explanation is dis played next to the
icon. Note: At that moment the global Windows system keys like e.g. ALT+TAB are not effective.

The status bar is used to display short help texts for various menu items:

The background of the m ain window of the application can be assigned a graphics of the WMF type
(Windows Metafile Form at), i.e. a vector graphics . E.g. a representation of the test s etup generated with
a respective graphics program could be displayed there. Any WMF f ile can be def ined as Background
display via a file selection window.

The graphical user interface contains the following submenus:

• File

• Edit

• Test

• Options

• Window

• Help

The submenus are explained in greater detail in the following chapters.

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Graphical User Interface ESI-K1

2.2 Files

The core of the soft ware contains a local databas e for m anagem ent of all oc curr ing f ile types. This data
base uses its own file names and file attributes, which are not directly derived from a DOS f ile system.
Thus it is possible to use longer file names and any additional descriptional texts for each database
element.

In the following, database elements are refer red to as files, however, they are not to be unders tood in
the sense of DOS files.
By exporting database elements, a new external database is created or extended (e.g. on a f loppy disk),
from where these data can be imported again at a later point in time.

File functions are selected f rom two Navigators in the File m enu. One Navigator provides functions on
the internal (local) database whereas the other one offers the functions on external (exported)
databases.

File functions on the internal database:

• Delete

• Export

• Move

• New

• Open

• Rename

• Save As

File functions on the external database:

• Delete Backup Files

• Import

Note: File names should not contain special character s and should not start with a blank or an

underscore.

1108.0207.42 2-2 E-1

ESI-K1 Graphical User Interface

The submenu New offers all kinds of file types.
Open is possible only with files that already exist.

If a new or existing file of any file type is opened for editing then the matching editor will be automatic ally
loaded.

If a new file has been created or m odif ied, this modification has usually not been s tored yet. Using Sav e
or Save As the file is saved under its existing name or under a new name (in the local database).

Rename simply changes the name of a file.
Using Delete a file can be deleted from the local database, unless it c an be m odified by an editor at this

point in time (e.g. an opened graphic). It is also pos sible to mark several f iles of the sam e file type and
delete them at the same time.

The function Export permits to expor t files. To this end, a drive mus t be selected firs t. The files to be
exported are mark ed and copied to the external database by means of Execute; should this database
not exist yet, it is newly created there. If retention of the user name is not activated, the file is copied with
the attribute Public.

Move means that files are exported and right after deleted. T his way it is poss ible to eas ily archive data
that are currently not being used, e.g. onto a server.

The function Import permits files to be copied from external databases to the loc al database. To this
end, a drive must be specified and the required file type selected (depending on the contents of the
external database). The individual files can then be m arked and im ported using OK. A prompt protects
against unintentional overwriting of the files in the local database.

For Import the drive and the directory path can be set by making use of the Browse... dialogue. The
total pathname will be shown in a text field.
The same is true f or Export and Move. With these functions the pathname c an also be edited. If the
given path doesn’t exist then it will be automatically created with the first file transfer.
Note that the maximum length of the path must not exceed 37 characters.

Export and Move can optionally be done in a way so that all transferred files in the exter nal database
will have the file attribute
other hand Import can change the file attribute of all transferred files to
immediate editing of those files.

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’read only’

thus automatically protecting those files against overwriting. On the

’read/write’

thus enabling

Graphical User Interface ESI-K1

Besides, with Export, Import and Move either all files of the current filetype or the whole source
database can be selected for the transf er. This way a complete backup can easily be done (also see
filetype ’Test Configuration’).

The menu item Delete Backup Files is used to delete specific files in an external database (i.e.
exported files).

The field Filter allows to reduce the displayed file names to those which match the string c haracters,
with an asterisk representing any sequence of characters (similar to MS-DOS wildcards for file names).

The following table shows all available File Types including their function:

File type Function Editor

Script
Script Parameters
Measurement result
Graphics

configuration
Limit line
Transducer

System transducer

Report header
Report configuration
Scan table
Sweep table
Frequency list
Test configuration
Text file

An automatic test procedure not available
Definition of script parameters Script parameter editor
Display of measurem ent results Table editor
Definition and displayof graphic s Graphics configuration editor

Definition of limi t line Table edi t or
Definition of probe transducer (e.g.

for antenna, absorbing clam p)
Definition of system transducer
(e.g. for cables, paths)
Definition of report header Report header editor
Definition of report confi guration Report conf i guration editor
Definition of scan tabl e Scan editor
Definition of sweep table Sweep editor
Definition of frequency list Table editor
Definition of files bel ongi ng to a test Test conf i guration editor
Definition of a descript i on text Text editor

Table editor

Table editor

The associated files are dis played in the selection window File Name. When a file is selected (when a
letter is entered, the mark s lips to the f ir s t f ile with the same intial, if provided), file-s pec if ic inf or mation is
output in an extra field. This information is user-defined and can be edited by clicking on the key
Description (see below).

In a further field, the drive (belonging to the local database) and the available storage capacity are
displayed.

OK is used to check the entries; when a file is created or opened, the respec tive editor is loaded. Abort
closes the dialog window without saving the settings.

The key Description permits to edit spec ific file information. The f ollowing dialog window appears on
the screen:

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The user may enter the purpose of the file in the editable field Short Description. For a detailed
description, use the input field below.

The access status of the file ("read/write", "read only", "not removable") can be set in the window
Attribute.

The window Owner refers to a fixed reference of the respective file, at the moment only for script
parameter sets. It indicates with which script the respective parameter set is connected.

In the text field Application Info the user name of the original user of the file is additionally recorded;
this text field cannot be edited.

With User Group, the file is either assigned to the user group which includes the original us er of the file,
or defined as "Public", i.e. generally accessible.

OK is used to check and save the settings, Abort, on the other hand, ignores them; in both cas es, the
window is closed.

Close (menu File) is used to close an open tex t file or graphic s conf iguration, which means that it is no
longer available for processing for the time being. If the file has been modified, the user is asked
whether he wishes to store the modifications in the f ile. Without storage, the m odifications will be lost for
good.

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2.3 Filetypes

2.3.1 Script

A script constitutes an automatic program run which is controlled by the program text (FSL = Flexsys
Script Language; similar to the programming language PASCAL) (Interpreter). Thus, almost all functions
that are accessible in interactive mode c an be automated s o that even complex meas urement r uns can
still be operated and reproduced.

2.3.2 Script Parameters

A script can be assigned param eters. T he script param eters can be edited dir ectly or when the s cript is
started and can be stored as a complete parameter set. Various parameter sets can be created for each
script that uses script parameters. During exec ution of a script, all parameters are constant, i.e. they
cannot be changed any more.

2.3.3 Measurement Result

A measurement result (trace) consists of a list (thousands of lines are possible) with columns for
frequency and level. A measurement result is produc ed by functions such as scan or sweep, which is
why the name of the respective scan or sweep table is also recorded internally.

2.3.4 Limit Line

Complying with a specification, limit lines are frequency-dependent maximum values for measured
values, displayed as lines. They are defined as frequency/level pairs, the level being assigned the
required unit.

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2.3.5 Transducer and System Transducer

Since the measuring instruments only measure the voltage at the input, the m easured values must be
corrected in order to take into account the frequency characteristic of sensors and cables.

The (probe) transducer des cribes the frequency-dependent correction (represented as frequency/level

pairs) of sensors, i.e. antennas , current probes, etc., the associated level unit (dBµV, dBµA, dBµV/m,
etc.) having to be specified for the transducer.

System transducers, on the other hand, are correction values (frequency/level pairs) with the unit dB,
defining the frequency-dependent characteristics of cables, amplifiers, attenuators, power dividers, etc.

Note: When opening a transducer file then a so called "source unit" will be displayed which

cannot be modified. It is the level unit found at the input of the measuring instruments,

dBµV with EMI measurements.

2.3.6 Graphics Configuration

A graphics configuration describes the appearance of the graphics (always level versus frequency).
Thus frequency range and level range are defined on the one hand and the elem ents to be displayed
such as traces, limit lines, tr ansducers with type of display and colour on the other hand. Furthermore,
marker, deltamarker or legend are determined here.

2.3.7 Report Header

The report that is part of the test typically contains various specif ications that are relevant to the test.
This includes e.g. test conditions, tes t s ite, designation of the EUT or name of the user. This inf or mation
is recorded as report header.

2.3.8 Report Configuration

For generation of a test report, a report configuration is used, which perm its to vary the appearance of
the report. It permits to define a com bination of e.g. report header, graphics and m easurement results
which is to be included in the printout with this report configuration.

2.3.9 Scan/Sweep Table

A scan or sweep is used to record a section of the frequency spectrum.
In the case of a Scan, the test frequenc y is repeatedly increased by the defined step s ize (or, as an

alternative, set to the next frequency of a frequency list), and a (peak and/or average) level is m eas ured
until the end of the specified frequency range has been reached. Depending on the specifications, a
single sweep may contain thousands of test points. A scan is usually a time-consuming procedure,
however, it permits to measure the spectrum in detail.

Contrary to this, a Sweep (only with analyzers) perm its fas t m easurem ent of the spec trum (only with the
PEAK detector): the spectrum is also measured c ompletely, however, with a limited frequency resolution
of e.g. 900 pixels per sweep. This resolution is usually not sufficient to analyze the spectrum thoroughly.

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Sweeps therefore constitute an appropriate means for obtaining a fast overview of the spectrum,
whereas scans are required for a detailed analysis, not least because of the detectors defined in the
specifications.

All test parameters required for a scan or sweep - e.g. the setting of the attenuation, test bandwidth or
correction values to be used - are defined in a scan/sweep table which must always be selected for such
a measurement run.

2.3.10 Frequency List

A frequency list serves various purposes. It m ay be used, e.g., to display a list of ambients at an open­area test site, but also to list critical frequency points of a EUT, which are to be measur ed by means of a
frequency list scan.

2.3.11 Test Configuration

The filetype Test Configuration provides a link between files to export, move or import these files
bundled. For instance, a Test Configuration could contain a link to all those files that belong to a test or
to a test series.

Besides it is possible to create a kind of "test template":
On a server (in a directory that can only be read) there could be a number of test configurations
including all the linked files, ready for use with the Import function. By importing of one of those Tes t
Configurations, all files that are necessary to run a test (e.g. scan tables, transducers, limit lines, scripts)
could then be transferred into the local database.

Using the same Test Configuration - extended by the measurem ent r esults - could then enable to ex por t
or move all the files from the test into a certain directory on e.g. a file server.

A Test Configuration is a kind of bracket around selected files with those files being listed only, i.e.
without the file contents. Through exporting, moving or importing of a Test Configuration those files
listed inside will also be transferred.

2.3.12 Text File

The filetype Text can hold any kind of text or com m ent ( m ax. 30000 char acters ) that shall be part of the
application’s database. Text files can be directly printed, be stored as a DOS text file (def ault extension
is .LOG) or be part of a test report.

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2.4 Editors

2.4.1 Script Parameter Editor

If a script parameter set or a script containing script parameters is opened, the following dialog is
displayed (only with extended syntax for the parameter definition; without extended syntax, a less
complex dialog similar to the one in versions 1.3x appears):

The heading of the dialog contains both the nam e of the as sociated s cript and the nam e of the s elected
script parameter set. The parameter set to be used is s et using the s elec tion menu at the very top of the
dialog window. The main parameters ar e shown below, the short description at the left and a selec t or
edit element at the right. In the lower area of the dialog, additional keys for further topics can be of fered
depending on the syntax of the associated script. Thus, further groups of parameters are accessible.

The total script parameter s et can be stored (maybe under another name) or printed out by means of
Print. If a script has been started, it is actually only run after the dialog has been left (the last
modifications are saved us ing OK or ignored using Cancel), unless the run is interrupted by m eans of
the additional Stop key.

Notes: If a new parameter s et is to be created using New ..., an existing script mus t be defined as

Owner in the dialog Description....

If new parameters are added to a script, the old parameter set remains compatible. The
additional parameters are assigned their standard values.

If parameters are deleted from a parameter set, the parameter set can still be used.
If a script is deleted, all parameter sets assigned to the script are deleted as well.

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2.4.2 Table Editor

The table editor permits the user to generate or modify frequency lists, limit lines, m easurem ent results ,
probe transducers and system transducers.

The editor is always loaded when a file of the given file types is opened or newly created.

The dialog window is divided into three areas. The upper area contains the selection window, where the
user may define e.g. units. The table contents ar e dis played in the middle ar ea. T he lower area contains
input fields.

The frequency unit is always offered, whereas a level unit is not available for frequency lists. The
intermodulation mode f or the fr equency can be set to linear or logarithm ic for lim it lines and transduc ers

(interpolated lines with linear or logarithmic display). The source unit is always dBµV (in the case of
transducers), the correction level unit is always dB for system transducers.

The lower input fields permit to enter new lines, which can be inserted into the list ahead of the active
line using Insert. As an alternative, the active line in the list can be overwritten by means of Modify.
Edit (or a double-click) permits to copy the contents of the active line into the input fields. The active line
can be removed from the list by means of Delete, which causes the next line in the list to become
active.

Copy permits to copy the complete contents into the clipboard. If particular lines have been selected
(marked), only these are copied. Thus data can be very easily transferred to other applications.

The menu item Prin t permits the complete list to be direc tly output to the printer without the need for a
report configuration.

The column layout can be extended (Add Column...) or modified (Modify Column x...) in various
ways: Up to ten columns can be represented, the elements of which c an be edited almost at will (the f ile
types limit line, transducer and system transducer require rising f requencies ). Added colum ns can again
be deleted "from back to front“ (Delete Column). The longer one of the two headings determines the
width of the column. Possible file types are floating-point numbers, integers or character strings (max.
15 characters); a large number of physical units is available for the unit of numerical values.

For Sorting of lists (only for file types measurem ent result and frequency list), a very flexible window
dialog is available:

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Up to five columns can be def ined as sorting keys (decreasing priority) with optionally rising or falling
values for the elements. Measurem ents which are not sor ted with rising frequency, however, should not
be displayed with line graphics display, since the sequence in the list is valid for the graphics.
The columns described in the left field can be selected individually and entered or added as sorting
criterion by means of Add. Lik ewise, they can be removed again by means of Remov e, the subsequent
entries being shifted accordingly.

Sorting is always accomplished with falling values if the associated select box has been marked,
otherwise, rising values are used. OK starts the sorting procedure.

The file type Limit Line also permits to define gaps by entering just a m inus sign into the edit fields f or
frequency and level:

The file type Frequency List is provided with a s pecial function which allows comfortable editing of a
frequency list: Connect Input... determines f rom which of the opened graphics the m arker frequenc y is
to be transferred to the edit field:

If there is such a connection, the f requency is continuously updated in the edit field of the frequency list
when the marker is shifted.

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Data lists are often available as files. For example, ever more antennas are delivered along with a floppy
disk that contains the correc tion factor as a DOS (text) file in an ASCII form at. Such a list can be easily
transferred into the ESI-K1:

When creating a new table file (transducer, system transducer, limit line, measurement result list,
frequency list), then the empty columns (including thos e that are added) can be f illed with the content of
the ASCII file. Before starting the import, the units for frequency, level, etc. have to be selected
according to those in the ASCII file. By selecting File => Import ASCII Table... the following dialogue
comes up:

The DOS filename (including pathname) of the ASCII file to be imported has to be entered in the f ield

Name

. Alternatively the file can be searched in the file system by pressing Browse... . The num ber of

header lines to be skipped enables to ignore those lines that include header information - therefore a
modification of the ASCII file is not necessary.

The type of separators between numbers as well as between lines has to be defined. Separators
between numbers are blanks (spaces), tabulator s or any other user def ined char ac ter; c arr iage retur n or
line feed can be selected as line separators. Characters that cannot be part of a num ber will be ignored
until a valid field separator will be found. For example, a line like

+5.6789E+007MHz +2.345E+001dBµV/m 3:45p.m.

will be correctly be interpreted if there is an extra string column defined.
If a column within a line cannot be filled then this will be indicated with an asterisk.

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