Rohde & Schwarz EB-500 User manual

R&S® EB500 Monitoring Receiver

Operating Manual

(XÖâJ2)

4072.8426.02 ─ 08

Operating Manual

Radiomonitoring & Radiolocation

This manual describes the following models and options:

●

R&S®EB500 Monitoring Receiver 4072.5004.02 (without front control panel)

●

R&S®EB500 Monitoring Receiver 4072.5004.03 (with front control panel)

The firmware of the R&S EB500 makes use of several valuable open source software packages. Please refer to the "Open Source Acknowledgement" document (4072.8561.02) for a summary of the packages and the verbatim license texts. Rohde & Schwarz would like to thank the open source community for their valuable contribution to embedded computing.

© 2012 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG Muehldorfstr. 15, 81671 Munich, Germany Phone: +49 89 41 29 - 0 Fax: +49 89 41 29 12 164 E-mail: info@rohde-schwarz.com Internet: http://www.rohde-schwarz.com Subject to change – Data without tolerance limits is not binding. R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG. Trade names are trademarks of the owners.

The following abbreviations are used throughout this manual: R&S®EB500 is abbreviated to R&S EB500.

R&S® EB500

1.4.1 Electrical Specification..................................................................................................13

1.4.2 Mechanical Specification...............................................................................................14

1.4.3 Environmental Specification..........................................................................................14

1.4.4 DF Specification............................................................................................................14

1 Characteristics

1.1 Use

The R&S EB500 has been designed for tasks such as signal searches, radio monitoring or spectrum monitoring in line with ITU recommendations. It is suitable for both mobile and stationary use. The R&S EB500 is ready to meet future requirements in signal receiver and analysis technology. With the available options, the R&S EB500 can be optimally adapted to the tasks to be performed. There is sufficient performance capability in signal processing which will allow the device to be expanded for future tasks. The R&S EB500 can be remote-controlled via its LAN interface. Since the protocol on the remote-control interface is compatible with other products from Rohde & Schwarz, the R&S EB500 can easily be integrated into any new or existing system.

1.2 Description

The basic version of the R&S EB500 covers the wide frequency range from 20 MHz to

3.6 GHz. An optional plug-in HF Preselector module makes it possible to expand the frequency range down to 9 kHz and an optional software option can expand the frequency range up to 6 GHz. The R&S EB500 is outstanding, particularly due to its wide frequency range, excellent receive characteristics, a real-time bandwidth of 20 MHz, and a wealth of functions, all accessible through its intuitive front panel and 5.7” color display.

Although operation has been optimized for monitoring tasks, its adaptable functions allow the R&S EB500 to be employed in other areas as well, especially where real time signal analysis is required. Because the R&S EB500 is equipped with extensive preselection functions, the signal sum load is reduced in scenarios that involve a large number of powerful transmitters. All the functions of the R&S EB500 can be remote-controlled via the LAN interface. All measurement results, including the spectrum data, are output via this interface.

The R&S EB500 lends itself particularly well to the following tasks (see also chapter 1.3,

"Application Examples", on page 11):

Quick overview of the activities in a user-definable frequency range

●

Monitoring of predefined frequencies

●

● Storage of up to 10 000 frequencies

Searches in the frequency range with user-definable start and stop frequency and

●

fixed step width Searches for and analysis of interfering signals

●

Detection of illegal transmitters

●

Monitoring of radio and navigation services that are relevant to safety

●

Monitoring of self-conducted radiocommunications training exercises in a specific

●

frequency band

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R&S® EB500

Characteristics

Description

Monitoring of selected emissions

●

Radiomonitoring for tactical and strategic intelligence

●

Radiomonitoring for internal and external security

●

Monitoring in line with ITU recommendations

●

Coverage measurements and monitoring of networks

●

Storage of spectra or digital baseband data, internal and external

●

Analysis of digital signals

●

Frontend

The frontend modules of the R&S EB500 consist of an RF converter module, a synthesizer module and an optional HF preselection module. There are two antenna inputs, HF/ V/UHF and HF are fed into the RF converter module.

With the HF option installed, signals from 9 kHz to 32 MHz can be obtained (which covers the full HF range from 3 MHz to 30 MHz). The desired antenna input (HF/V/UHF or HF) is selected and routed to the HF preselection module for preselection. The HF preselected signal is then routed to the HF A/D Converter for further processing in the digital domain. The upper limit for the HF preselection module can be set in the antenna configuration menu.

Otherwise, for V/UHF signals above 20 MHz, the input is only obtained from the HF/V/ UHF antenna input. This signal is then preselected and down-converted into the IF signal which is fed into the IF A/D Converter for further processing in the digital domain.

Digital signal processing

All signal processing is performed by means of powerful signal processors and field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs).

The incoming IF signal, which is approximately 57.4 MHz, or direct HF signal is fed to the respective 16 bit A/D converter and first converted to digital samples with a sampling rate of 76.8 MHz. These samples are then processed in two separate paths, namely, the IF Panorama path and the Demodulation path. The R&S EB500 features a real time bandwidth of 20 MHz. The IF Panorama path starts with a Digital Down Conversion block, digital low-pass filter and FFT block. The bandwidth of the spectrum can be configured by the user in the range of 1 kHz to 20 MHz. Before the IF spectrum is output on the display or via the LAN interface, results are post-processed by means of the AVERAGE, CLEARWRITE, MINHOLD or MAXHOLD function as selected by the user.

The Demodulation path starts with a second Digital Down Conversion block and low-pass filter, which are used to prepare the signal for level measurement, ITU measurement and demodulation. To process the different signals with the optimum signal-to-noise ratio, the receiver contains 29 IF filters with bandwidths from 100 Hz to 5 MHz, which can be selected independently of the IF panorama bandwidth. Prior to the level measurement, the magnitude of the level is determined and weighted by means of the AVERAGE, PEAK, RMS or FAST function, as selected by the user. Next, the measured level is output via the display or the LAN interface. For the demodulation of analog signals, the complex baseband data after the low-pass filter is fed to the AM, FM, USB, LSB, ISB, pulse or CW demodulation stage and then subjected to the automatic gain control (AGC) or manual gain control (MGC). The complex baseband data (I/Q data) representing the digitized

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R&S® EB500

Characteristics

Application Examples

signal or video data is output directly following the AGC/MGC block via the LAN interface. The results that are obtained are available in digital format and can be output as required via the LAN interface. The analog video/IF output is fed through the D/A converter and then output to the Video A/B output port. The digital audio data are output via the LAN and also reconverted to analog signals for output via the loudspeaker.

1.3 Application Examples

Quick search in the frequency range

The R&S EB500 "Panorama Scan" function is used to perform an ultra-quick scan of a user-definable frequency range. It thus provides a quick overview of the spectrum occupancy. Changes caused by illegal radio services, interferences, transient emissions etc can immediately be seen at a glance. The R&S EB500 can be switched to "listen" mode simply by pressing a key. The signal of interest can be selected, demodulated, and analyzed by using the demodulation frequency. The resolution of the FFT calculation can be set according to the channel spacing of various radio services. Thus, this FFT scan provides highest scan rates even with small resolution bandwidth, a big advantage when weak signals must be detected quickly.

Search using channel spacing

The "Frequency Scan" function is used to perform searches in the frequency range using fixed channel spacing. The receiver scans the frequency range and analyzes every channel for occupancy. If a signal is above the threshold, the R&S EB500 dwells at the signal's frequency for the predefined hold time, and the signal can be demodulated and processed. In the case of analog methods, the demodulated signal is audible on the loudspeaker or headphones.

The "Frequency Scan" function is specially designed for the monitoring of radio services that employ fixed frequency spacing (channel spacing).

Searches at specific frequencies

The "Memory Scan" function is used to scan a series of predefined channels and analyze them for occupancy. If a signal is above the threshold, the R&S EB500 dwells at the signal's frequency for the predefined hold time, and the signal can be demodulated and processed. In the case of analog methods, the demodulated signal is audible on the loudspeaker or headphones.

In this mode, parameters such as frequency, demodulation mode, bandwidth or squelch levels can be set individually for each channel. The content of each memory channel can be transferred to the receiver manually by using the MEM > "RCL" keys. The settings can also be changed and then stored in memory by means of the MEM > "SAVE" keys. The parameters for multiple channels can be set by calling up a display table.

This scan is especially useful when it is necessary to scan individual frequencies that do not have fixed channel spacing, or when frequency blocks need to be scanned at regular intervals (e.g. f1, f2, f3, f1, f2, f3, etc).

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R&S® EB500

Characteristics

Application Examples

Demodulation and analysis

Analog modulated signals are demodulated in the R&S EB500. The signal is audible on the built-in loudspeaker or via headphones. A PC-based software application is available for analyzing complex signals. This application provides a large number of functions such as classification (detection of modulation mode), vector analysis, bit-stream analysis or decoding.

For online analysis, the digital data is transferred from the receiver to the PC via LAN in real time. For offline analysis, the software accesses data that was recorded in the R&S EB500 itself or externally.

Interference search

Owing to its compact design and many special functions, the R&S EB500 is ideally suited for detecting all kinds of radio interference. Special functions such as adjustable measurement time and continuous (averaged) or periodic (maximum value after timeout of the measurement) level output have been integrated for these tasks. Since these functions are also applied in the RF spectrum, even non-periodic interferers can be easily detected, which are otherwise easy to miss in a quick spectrum because they occur at erratic intervals. As a result, the source of interference can be quickly detected and eliminated – an aspect that is extremely important in security-critical radio communications (e.g. air-traffic communication).

Detection of frequency-agile signals, e.g. hoppers

Due to its wide real time bandwidth and high scan rates, the R&S EB500 can also reliably detect signals with quickly varying frequencies – even hoppers with hop rates up to 2000 hops/s. If the "MAXHOLD" function is selected, the occupied frequency range of the transmitter will be displayed very fast.

Detection of burst signals, radar emissions

Due to the wide real-time bandwidth of 20 MHz, even very narrow bursts such as emitted by radar equipment can be detected and analyzed. By means of the IF panorama, parameters such as pulse duration can be measured.

Data recording

The R&S EB500 provides the following capabilities for recording and storing data (only model 03 - front-panel control version):

3.8 gigabytes on internal flash memory

●

External storage via USB 2.0 The digital data can also be output via the LAN interface

●

in realtime, externally monitored on a PC and externally recorded (e.g. to a PC hard disk). The recording time primarily depends on the capacity of the storage medium. Recording can be done with various formats.

Civil monitoring in compliance with ITU guidelines

Owing to its performance, the R&S EB500 meets all requirements for measurements in line with the ITU-R recommendations and the ITU Spectrum Monitoring Handbook

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R&S® EB500

Characteristics

Specifications

(2002). If the R&S EB500-IM option is installed, the following measurements can be per- formed:

Frequency and offset in line with ITU-R SM.377

●

Field strength in line with ITU-R SM.378

●

Modulation in line with ITU-R SM.328

●

Spectrum occupancy on the control PC in line with ITU-R SM.182/SM.328

●

Bandwidth in line with ITU-R SM.443

●

Detection of mono and stereo transmissions in the case of FM broadcasting trans-

●

mitters

Radio data system (RDS) analysis

The signal content is demodulated and decoded. The results are output on the display or external PC and are also made available via LAN. Messages such as station name, frequency lists, traffic information etc, can be seen at a glance.

Selective call/Pager analysis

The R&S EB500-SL option can be used to decode selective-call methods and to demod- ulate pagers. The following selective-call methods are supported: CCIR1, CCIR7, CCITT, EEA, EIA, EURO, DCS, DTMF, CTCSS, NATEL, VDEW, ZVEI1, ZVEI2. Other methods are available on request. The results are output on the display or on the user interface of the PC.

Direction finding of emissions

In addition to detection, the direction from which the signal originates is also an important criterion in radiomonitoring. When the DF upgrade R&S EB500-DF is added, the R&S EB500 can be used as a single-channel direction finder. If two or more stations are networked, the emitter location can also be determined. The DF upgrade consists of an installation kit for the receiver. The corresponding direction-finding antenna must be selected separately.

1.4 Specifications

1.4.1 Electrical Specification

The R&S EB500 requires DC input power: DC supply should be in the range 10 - 32 V / 12 A – 4A. AC supply should be in the range 100V -240 V, 50-60Hz via an external AC/ DC adaptor.

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R&S® EB500

Characteristics

Specifications

1.4.2 Mechanical Specification

1.4.3 Environmental Specification

Dimensions (width x height x depth) 213 mm x 132 mm x 450 mm (w/o handles and feet)

Weight approximately 7.5 kg

The R&S EB500 without display is classified as Class C and R&S EB500 with display as Class C2.

Environmental conditions acc. to EN 60068-2-1, 60068-2-2

Nominal temperature range

Operating temperature range 0 °C to 50 °C

Storage temperature range

Humidity 25 °C / 55 °C, 95 % relative humidity (model 02), non-

½ 19” x 3 HU

-10 °C to 55 °C for R&S EB500 (model 02)

0 °C to 55 °C for R&S EB500 (model 03)

-40 °C to 70 °C for R&S EB500 (model 02)

-30 °C to 70 °C for R&S EB500 (model 03)

-20 °C to 70 °C with AC-DC adaptor

condensing

25 °C / 40 °C, 80 % relative humidity (model 03), noncondensing

Shock acc. to EN 60068-2-27

Vibration (sine) acc. to EN 60068-2-6 (5 Hz to 150 Hz)

Vibration (random) acc. to EN60068-2-64 (10 Hz to 500 Hz)

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) acc. to EN 300339, ETSI EN301489-1, ETSI

MTBF

1.4.4 DF Specification

DF upgrade

Direction finding functions are only accessible with the installed DF upgrade R&S EB500DF (Direction Finding).

MIL-STD 810E, Method 516.4, Procedure I

EN301489-22

>= 35 000 h for R&S EB500 (model 02)

>= 17 000 h for R&S EB500 (model 03)

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R&S® EB500

Characteristics

Specifications

WDF option

Wideband Direction finding functions are only accessible with the installed option R&S EB500-WDF.

In some literature, the term WDF is referred to as WFFM (Wideband Fixed Frequency Mode).

DF method

Instrument DF accuracy Throughout the entire frequency

System DF accuracy In non-reflecting test environment,

Reflection resistance

DF sensitivity Depending on the DF antenna

Polarization

Realtime bandwidth for wideband direction finding

(Requires the R&S EB500-WDF option)

Channel spacing for wideband direction finding

In the VHF/UHF/SHF ranges

●

In the HF range

●

range

depending on the DF antenna

● With R&S©ADD119 (300 kHz to 30 MHz) 20 MHz to 80 MHz

●

80 MHz to 1.3 GHz

●

DF error at 50 % reflections, for receive frequencies > 30 MHz

● With R&S©ADD197

● With R&S©

ADD119/196/295/071/075

Correlative interferometer

●

Wattson-Watt

●

0.5° RMS

≤ 2° RMS

●

≤ 2° RMS, 1° RMS typ.

●

≤ 1° RMS, 0.5° RMS

●

1.7° RMS

Vertical, horizontal and circu-

●

lar Vertical

●

Up to 20 MHz

2 MHz, 1 MHz, 500 kHz, 200 kHz, 100 kHz, 50 kHz, 25 kHz, 20 kHz,

12.5 kHz, 10 kHz, 8.33 kHz, 5 kHz, 2 kHz, 1 kHz, 500 Hz, 200 Hz

Minimum signal duration For a single burst signal 1 ms

Minimum burst duration For multiple burst signals 0.5 ms

Display resolution Selectable 0.1° or 1°

Operating modes

DF bandwidths

DF-capable modulation modes

FFM (Fixed Frequency Mode), FSCAN (Frequency Scan), MSCAN (Memory Scan)

1200 kHz, 480 kHz, 240 kHz, 120 kHz, 60 kHz, 30kHz, 15 kHz, 12 kHz, 7.5 kHz, 6 kHz, 5 kHz, 3.75 kHz 3 kHz, 1.875 kHz, 1.5 kHz, 1.2 kHz, 750 Hz, 600 Hz, 375 Hz, 300 Hz, 187 Hz, 150 Hz, 120 Hz, 75 Hz, 60 Hz, 37 Hz, 30 Hz, 18 Hz, 15 Hz, 7 Hz, 3 Hz, 1Hz, 0.75 Hz, 0.375 Hz

CW, AM, FM, SSB, FSK, PSK

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R&S® EB500

Characteristics

Equipment Supplied

1.5 Equipment Supplied

1.6 Ordering Information

Designation Order number

CD set R&S EB500

R&S EB500 Software and Documentation CD ROM

Option CD ROM (only where SW option is ordered) 4072.8610.00

R&S EB500 Getting Started (English)

1x Ethernet patch cable 2m 4055.6458.00

Power cable country-specific

Designation Note Type Order number

Monitoring Receiver without front control panel

Monitoring Receiver with front control panel

Model 02

Model 03

4072.8510.00

4072.8532.00

4072.8432.00

R&S EB500

4072.5004.02

4072.5004.03

HF Frequency Range Extension (9 kHz to 32 MHz)

SHF Frequency Range Extension (3.6 GHz to 6 GHz)

Panorama Scan (RF Spectrum)

ITU Measurement Software

DF Upgrade (Direction Finding)

Digital Down Converter Option Key

DF Error Correction

(Prerequisite is DF upgrade available)

Wideband Direction Finder

(Prerequisite is DF upgrade available)

Selective Call / Pager Decoder

HW-Module

Option Key

Upgrade

Option Key

R&S EB500-HF

R&S EB500-FE

R&S EB500-PS

R&S EB500-IM

R&S EB500-DF

R&S EB500-DDC

R&S EB500-COR

R&S EB500-WDF

R&S EB500-SL

4072.8003.02

4072.9300.02

4072.9200.02

4072.9100.02

4072.9400.02

4072.9500.02

4072.9600.02

4072.9651.02

4072.9800.02

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R&S® EB500

Preparation for Use

Specific Safety Instructions

2 Preparation for Use

This section describes the basic steps to be taken when setting up the R&S EB500 for the first time.

2.1 Specific Safety Instructions

General safety instructions

Please make sure you observe the basic safety instructions included in this documentation as well as the instructions for setup and connection to prevent personal injury or damage to the R&S EB500. This is of particular importance when you use the R&S EB500 for the first time.

The following safety instructions apply in particular:

IEC 364

●

VDE 0100

●

DIN 57100

●

These safety regulations deal with the following aspects:

Prevention of accidents

●

Protection against overvoltage

●

Insulation of equipment

●

Grounding

●

Characteristics and laying of lines and cables

●

Provisions for operational facilities and rooms and systems of a special nature

●

Setup

Before turning on the R&S EB500, please make sure that the following conditions are fulfilled:

Covers are in place and all fasteners are tightened.

●

Fan openings are unobstructed.

●

Signal levels at the input connectors are all within the specified ranges.

●

Signal outputs are correctly connected and not overloaded.

●

● The R&S EB500 is dry and shows no condensation.

Non-observance may cause damage to the R&S EB500 or other devices in the setup.

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R&S® EB500

Preparation for Use

Setup

The R&S EB500 is supplied completely assembled except for the handles and mounting brackets, which must be attached by the user.

2.2 Setup

2.2.1 Bench Operation

Equipment cooling

Do not expose the R&S EB500 to humidity. Leave at least 50 mm of empty space along both side panels in order to ensure proper equipment cooling.

There are no special requirements for desktop use. To facilitate access to the front panel elements, you should raise the front of the R&S EB500 by folding out its standing feet.

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R&S® EB500

Preparation for Use

Setup

Risk of injury

The feet may fold in if they are not folded out completely or if the R&S EB500 is shifted. The feet may break if they are overloaded. Fold the feet completely in or completely out to ensure stability of the R&S EB500 and personal safety. To avoid injuries, never shift the R&S EB500 when its feet are folded out. The overall load (the device's own weight plus that of any devices stacked on top of it) on the folded-out feet must not exceed 500 N. Place the R&S EB500 on a stable surface. Secure any devices stacked on top of it against slipping (e.g. by locking their feet on the top front frame). When the R&S EB500 is standing on its folded-out feet, do not work under it and do not put anything under it as this would pose a risk of personal injury or material damage.

The R&S EB500 can be used in any of the positions shown here.

2.2.2 Rack Mounting

Ambient temperature

The R&S EB500 should be used in an area where the ambient temperature does not exceed –10 °C to +55 °C (model 02) or 0 °C to 55 °C (model 03), respectively. The R&S EB500 is fan-cooled and must be installed with sufficient space along the sides to ensure a free flow of air. Make sure that there is sufficient space for hot air to escape from the R&S EB500. To ensure sufficient cooling do not attach telescopic rails to the sides of the unit.

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R&S® EB500

Preparation for Use

Setup

2.2.3 In-vehicle Mounting

For use in vehicles, the receiver can be powered directly from the vehicle's battery via the DC input.

2.2.4 EMI Protective Measures

In order to avoid electromagnetic interference (EMI), the R&S EB500 may only be operated when it is closed and all shielding covers are in place. Use only appropriate shielded signal and control cables with proper termination.

2.2.5

Connecting the R&S EB500 to the Power Supply

Connect the R&S EB500 observing the following sections and instructions for use. The R&S EB500 is suitable only for DC operation.

2.2.5.1 Connecting to the Power Adapter

The R&S EB500 is connected to the AC supply 100V to 240V via the supplied AC/DC adapter (R&S P/N: 3586.4426.00) and the socket X1 (10V to 32VDC) on the rear panel. The connection to X1 is via a Neutrik Speakon NL4FX connector (shown in figure 2-1 below).

Installing the connector:

1. Insert the Speakon® NL4FX connector into socket X1 on the rear panel.

2. Turn the connector clockwise until it is locked in place and secured by the safety latch.

Removing the connector:

1. Press and chuck back the safety latch of the Speakon® NL4FX connector.

2. Turn the connector counterclockwise and withdraw it.

Fig. 2-1: Speakon® NL4FX

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R&S® EB500

Preparation for Use

Setup

2.2.5.2 Connecting to the DC Source

The R&S EB500 is connected to an external 10 VDC to 32 VDC source (e.g. battery) via the supplied DC cable (R&S P/N: 4072.7036.00) to the connector X1 (10V to 32VDC) on the rear panel.

DC supply voltage

Make sure that the available supply voltage is between 10 V and 32 V. Observe correct voltage polarity when connecting. Incorrect polarity may blow the fuse on the DC converter inside the R&S EB500 or damage the R&S EB500.

The DC connector is intended for disconnection of the receiver from DC-Source. Preferable use the R&S delivered Power Supply TRG150A240. If an other power supply is used, please note: This power supply shall be in accordance

with IEC / EN / UL / CSA 60950-1 or IEC / EN / UL / CSA 61010-1

2.2.6 Power On and Off

The DC power connection X1 is located at the top left corner of the R&S EB500 rear panel. With the DC power connected, the R&S EB500 is in STANDBY or READY state, depending on the state of the STANDBY toggle switch at the front panel of the R&S EB500 when it was last switched off. The standby power is below 0.8W.

2.2.7 STANDBY and READY

The STANDBY key is located at the bottom left corner of the front panel. With the DC power connected, press the STANDBY key briefly to switch the R&S EB500 from the STANDBY to the READY state and vice versa. In STANDBY state, the amber LED on the right will turn on and only the power switch circuit is being powered. In this state, it is safe to remove the DC power and disconnect the R&S EB500 from the AC/DC power adapter. In READY state, the green LED on the left is on. The R&S EB500 is ready for operation. All modules are being powered and the receiver initiates its startup procedure.

Model 02

In the case of R&S EB500 Model 02 (without front control panel), the green Power LED doubles as a 'Fail' status LED. In conditions of failure, the LED will turn red instead of green, as shown in the figures below.

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R&S® EB500

Preparation for Use

Setup

R&S EB500 Model 02 Ready R&S EB500 Model 02 in Failure mode. Refer to chap-

ter 5.1.5, "Troubleshooting", on page 368 for possible

actions to take.

2.2.8 Connecting External Accessories

For connecting an external mouse or keyboard a USB hub is required.

2.2.8.1 Connecting a USB Hub

You can connect a USB hub to the USB port on the front panel of the R&S EB500. The USB hub is detected automatically when connected. It is safe to connect and disconnect the hub during the measurement.

2.2.8.2 Connecting a Mouse

You can connect a mouse to the USB port on the front panel of the R&S EB500. The mouse is detected automatically when connected. It is safe to connect and disconnect the mouse during the measurement.

2.2.8.3 Connecting a Keyboard

You can connect a keyboard to the USB port on the front panel of the R&S EB500. The keyboard is detected automatically when connected. It is safe to connect and disconnect the keyboard during the measurement.

2.2.8.4 Connecting a LAN Cable

You can connect a LAN cable to the LAN port (X7) on the rear panel of the R&S EB500.

To establish a LAN connection, proceed as described below.

1.

Refer to chapter 5.7, "Change Device IP Address", on page 398 to learn how to set the receiver’s IP address.

2.

Connect a LAN cable to the LAN port. The R&S EB500 has an internal switch which automatically detects the type of LAN cable connected so you can use any standard

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R&S® EB500

Preparation for Use

Setup

type of LAN cable to establish a network connection with the R&S EB500 (dedicated or non-dedicated).

Dedicated vs. non-dedicated network connections

There are two methods to establish a LAN connection with the R&S EB500:

● A non-dedicated network (Ethernet) connection from the R&S EB500 to an existing

network. The R&S EB500 is assigned an IP address and can coexist with a computer and with other hosts on the same network.

● A dedicated network connection between the R&S EB500 and a single computer. The computer must be equipped with a network adapter and is directly connected to the R&S EB500. The use of hubs, switches or gateways is not required; however, data transfer is still made using the TCP/IP protocol.

Please refer to "Network Configuration Dialog" on page 134 to learn how to retrieve the IP address.

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R&S® EB500

Operation

Front-Panel Tour

3 Operation

This chapter contains a detailed description of how to operate the R&S EB500. Following an overview of the device's front and rear panel, respectively, its graphical user interface (GUI) is explained in detail. This chapter contains all the information required to access the various configuration options and settings necessary to operate the R&S EB500.

3.1 Front-Panel Tour

3.1.1

R&S EB500 Model 03 (with front control panel)

This chapter provides an overview of the front-panel elements of the R&S EB500 with front control panel.

The front panel of the R&S EB500 with display consists of the VGA display with the softkey area (bottom side), utility keys (left side), and the hardkey area with the connectors and control interfaces (right side). The individual controls are described in the following sections.

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R&S® EB500

Operation

Front-Panel Tour

3.1.1.1 Display

The R&S EB500 is equipped with a 5.7" color display (640x480 pixels) providing control elements for the measurements and various output elements for the results.

3.1.1.2 Softkeys

"Softkeys" are located below the display. The actual function of a softkey is indicated on the label just above the softkey. Their purpose is to provide quick, direct access to the main settings in the active (highlighted) panel on the display. On the other hand they can provide selection options for the utility keys at the left: when either one of the utility keys APPL, MODE, SETUP, MENU, MEM or HELP is pressed the softkeys will provide the operator with a number of options to select. There are a total of six softkeys and in most cases there are more options than softkeys: in those cases the rightmost softkey "More" will serve the purpose of browsing to the next set of softkeys. The next set again might have a "More" key.

3.1.1.3 Front-Panel Controls and Indicators

STANDBY Key

The STANDBY key toggles between STANDBY and READY state and shuts down the R&S EB500. See chapter 2.2.7, "STANDBY and READY", on page 21 for an explanation of the LED colors related to the state of the device.

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Utility Keys

At the left side of the display we find the utility keys: these are keys that provide the operator with menus and dialogs to configure settings, and shortcuts to change the R&S EB500 into different receiver application or operation modes. There are also "Help", "Escape" and "Panel focus" keys.

ESC terminates an ongoing operation, e.g. by closing a dialog.

APPL sets the R&S EB500 to a particular application mode: RECEIVER, VIDEO, ITU, DF (optional). See chapter 3.3.3.5, "APPL", on page 89.

The MODE key is required in case the operator wants to change the receiver from a Fixed Frequency Mode to one of the scanning modes. It also provides fast access to scanningrelated control functions such as "Run+", "Run-" and "Stop":

"Run-" runs the scan in negative direction.

●

"Stop" stops the scan.

●

"Run+" runs the scan in positive direction.

●

"Restart" will start the scan at the configured "START" frequency and run in positive

●

direction (only for FScan and MScan)

SETUP provides access to the setup and configuration dialogs (see chapter 3.3.3.10,

"SETUP", on page 128).

The MENU key gives the operator fast access to a number of operational functions such as "Record", "Zoom" or "Lock.

The MEM key is basically a shortcut to a number of memory-related dialogs.

HELP starts the online help system (see chapter 3.3.3.9, "HELP", on page 123).

The PANEL key provides the operator with the option to set the focus on one of the panels on the display. A panel "in focus" will be open for active control; i.e. the softkeys will "act" upon the panel in focus.

Receiver Control Keys

At the right side of the display you will find a row of keys that directly change receiver parameters. At the lower half you will find the four keys BW, AFC, DET and DEMOD.

BW selects the demodulation bandwidth (between 100 Hz and 20 MHz).

AFC switches automatic frequency control (AFC) ON or OFF.

DET selects the level measurement mode (AVERAGE, PEAK, FAST or RMS).

DEMOD selects the demodulation mode (FM, AM, PULS, PM, IQ, ISB, CW, USB, LSB).

At the upper half you will find another set of receiver control keys. These are ATT (Attenuation), MGC (Gain Control), and SQU (Squelch). Other keys at the right side are MARK (which is a shortcut to set and control markers in the spectrum), the SELECT rollkey (no label) and the rollkey for audio volume control.

SELECT rollkey and controls

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After pressing either one of the keys MARK, ATT, MGC or SQU, the SELECT rollkey will act on behalf of the respective Marker, Attenuation, (Manual) Gain Control or Squelch function of the receiver.

Pressing ATT will set the SELECT key to control automatic or manual attenuation. When pressing the SELECT rollkey, manual attenuation is selected. After that, by turning the rollkey the desired attenuation (between 0 and 40 dB for HF/V/UHF) can be set.

Pressing MGC will set the SELECT key to work on behalf of automatic or manual gain control (AGC and MGC, respectively). When manual gain control is set, turning the rollkey sets the desired gain control.

Pressing SQU will set the SELECT key to work on behalf of squelch. Pressing the rollkey will set squelch ON or OFF. If it is ON, then turning the rollkey sets the level threshold.

When MARK is pressed, a number of "Marker" related softkeys will appear and the SELECT rollkey can be used for operating upon the different X and Y markers in the panels. The softkeys provide options to choose sets of X-markers (X1/X2 and X3/X4) or Y-markers (Y1/Y2) as well as softkeys to display measurement values and to clear one set of markers or all markers: MEAS VAL, CLEAR, CLEAR ALL, FREQ VAL. See chap-

ter 3.3.3.4, "MARK", on page 89.

Pressing the "X1/X2" softkey will activate a set of X markers with the X1 (left) marker active, and pressing again will make the X2 (right) marker active. The active marker can be moved by turning the SELECT rollkey. Similar behavior can be achieved with the X3/ X4 and Y1/Y2 markers. Pressing the rollkey will hide the activated markers and pressing again will display the markers at their last positions. Note that only one marker pair can be activated at a time and for this active pair only one marker (the green marker) is active for control by the rollkey.

Navigation Keys

At the right side of the receiver control keys you will find a large number of keys which can be categorized as multipurpose: the navigation keys at the lower half and the dataentry keys (alphanumeric keys) at the upper half.

The navigation keys consist of one rollkey: the "Main Rollkey" or ROTARY KNOB and two arrow keys: CURSOR LEFT and CURSOR RIGHT.

The CURSOR LEFT / CURSOR RIGHT keys move the cursor in input fields and scroll within lists, dialogs or tables.

The main function of the ROTARY KNOB is to control the receiver frequency. In addition, it provides access to the following functions:

Increasing or decreasing numeric values in editing mode

●

Scrolling within lists or tables

●

Confirming entries (pressing the ROTARY KNOB is equivalent to pressing ENTER)

●

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Data Entry Functions

The keys in the data entry keypad are used to enter numbers and letters. Data entry keys are only enabled if an editable field has been selected for entry mode. This can be achieved in the following manner:

Key-in a number when no dialog is active: The key will be interpreted as a frequency

●

value. Key-in a number in a highlighted softkey: The parameter of the softkey will take the

●

value of the number entered. Key-in a numeric or alphanumeric value in an active dialog field: The context of the

●

field will determine if the entry is interpreted as numeric or alphanumeric.

The keys 0 to 9 enter the corresponding numbers (numeric input fields) or characters (character input fields).

In numeric input fields, the key enters the decimal point. Multiple decimal points are not allowed. In alphanumeric fields the key enters special characters like (? ~ @ ! _ etc).

ENTER activates the edit mode for the selected input field or confirms and terminates an entry.

Volume Control Rollkey

The volume of the speaker and headphones is adjusted with this knob. Pressing the knob will toggle the speaker mute. Headphones remain active when the speaker is in mute position.

USB Port and Headphone Jack

At the bottom, right we can find:

A USB port which provides a port for external keyboard, mouse or mass storage (of

●

snapshots, recordings etc) on USB flash drive. A headphone jack for stereo audio on headphone or external speaker.

●

The front panel USB port complies with USB standard 2.0.

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USB port

The maximum current per USB port is 500 mA.

3.1.2

R&S EB500 Model 02 (without front control panel)

An overview of the front-panel elements of the R&S EB500 Model 02 is given in the paragraph below.

Remote Access

A GUI for remote access is available for the Windows XP platform and is particularly useful for the R&S EB500 Model 02 because it gives functionality similar to the Model

03. Follow the instructions in chapter 5.6, "Remote Access GUI Installation",

on page 393 to install the external GUI software. A Windows XP machine connected to the same network as the R&S EB500 Model 02 is required.

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3.1.2.1 Standby key with LED indicators

The only key on a R&S EB500 Model 02 is the standby key. The key is accompanied by two indicators:

Ready (green) or Fail (red) LED indicator. The Ready LED also serves as Fail LED,

●

as shown in "Model 02" on page 21. Standby (amber) LED indicator.

●

3.1.2.2 Headphones Jack

The headphones Jack allows stereo headphones with a 3.5 mm stereo plug to be connected.

3.2 Rear-Panel Tour

This chapter describes the various inputs and outputs located on the rear panel of the R&S EB500.

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3.2.1 X1 Power Supply

Standard Speakon NL4FX socket for DC power input. Socket accepts 10~32 VDC on pin 1+ and ground on pin 1- of connector. Power requirement as indicated. Refer to chap-

ter 2.2.5.1, "Connecting to the Power Adapter", on page 20 for instructions on connecting

to the power adapter using the Speakon NL4FX connector.

3.2.2 X13 / X14 Antennas

N-type female

● X13 Antenna input: 9 kHz to 6 GHz, suitable for HF/V/UHF bands.

● X14 Antenna input: 9 kHz to 32 MHz, suitable for HF band.

Interfaces X13, and X14

All interfaces must be operated with double shielded RF cables.

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Antenna inputs and frequency ranges

Depending on the option R&S EB500-HF, the antenna inputs can be used for different frequency ranges: X13 is a HF/VHF/UHF input and X14 serves as HF input only.

When the HF option is installed, the HF input can be chosen from either X13 or X14. For the default configuration (only V/UHF) the only available input is X13.

3.2.3 X7 LAN Ethernet

The LAN port (RJ-45) at the rear panel is a 10/100/1000Base-T port. Use this port to integrate the R&S EB500 in a local area network (LAN), primarily for remote-control pur- poses.

Ethernet Cable

At least a CAT 6 double-shielded Ethernet cable should be used.

3.2.4 Miscellaneous IO

X8 VIDEO A and X9 VIDEO B are SMA connector outputs. Use these outputs for an

analog video monitor or connect an oscilloscope to both connectors to see the AM and FM demodulated signals at the same time. Both connectors can also be switched to

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output-controlled analog IF in two channels, with an adjustable center frequency of 0 Hz to 70 MHz.

X10 REF IN is a BNC input for an external reference frequency. Use this connector to synchronize the receiver with a frequency normal.

X11 REF OUT is a BNC output for other devices, e.g. other R&S EB500 units. Use this connector to synchronize the other devices.

X12 GPS/TR IN is a BNC connector for an external 1 sec trigger pulse, e.g. from a GPS device.

Interfaces X8, X9, X10, X11 and X12

All interfaces must be operated with double shielded coaxial cables.

3.2.5 AUX / AUX Audio

X3 AUX AUDIO is a 25-pin D-Sub female connector with the output of different audio

signals. There are also some special trigger inputs on this connector. Use this connector if you want to record the analog audio signal of the R&S EB500

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X4 AUX is a 25-pin D-Sub female connector for controlling external antenna switching units. Use this connector if you have an antenna switching unit in your system.

Interfaces X3, and X4

All interfaces must be operated with double shielded data cables.

3.2.6 Antenna Control Interface

X2 ANTENNA DF is a 25-pin D-Sub connector. If DF upgrade R&S EB500-DF is installed

then this connector can be used for controlling direction-finder antennas.

3.2.7 Serial Interfaces

EIA 232D compatible

X5 COM2, 9-pin D-Sub male connector.

●

X6 COM1, 9-pin D-Sub male connector.

●

X5 and X6 can be used for:

Serial GPS devices according to the NMEA0183 standard. Use this connector for an

●

external GPS device to determine the location and the exact time of the device. Serial compass devices according to the NMEA0183 standard. Use this connector

●

for an external compass device to determine the direction of your vehicle. This will mostly be used in combination with direction finding (requires DF upgrade R&S EB500-DF).

SCPI

Besides control of devices according to the NMEA0183 standard, the COM2 port X5 also allows external control of the R&S EB500 by using SCPI syntax. See chapter 7.2, "Con-

figuration of the LAN Interface with SERIAL Interface", on page 429

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3.3 Graphical User Interface (GUI)

This chapter provides a detailed description of the device's graphical user interface.

3.3.1 GUI Layout

Following is an overview of the layout and individual elements of the device's graphical user interface.

Fig. 3-1: GUI Layout.

In the table below follows a short description of the different panels, according to the panel number indicated in the figure.

Panel No. Description

1 Basic receiver parameters

2 Icons

Shows one or several of the following icons to indicate a specific function or condition of the R&S EB500:

Compass connected.

GPS connected.

Configuration: using external reference.

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Panel No. Description

Receiver overflow.

Recording in progress.

Marker selected.

Speaker is off.

Speaker is on.

Audio signal is available in stereo at current frequency.

The R&S EB500 is not locked.

The R&S EB500 is locked by another client. Access is not possible.

3 Mode

Shows the current receiver mode, e.g. FFM, PScan, FScan or MScan. The current date and time is also shown.

4 Frequency

Shows the current receiver frequency. As this is the most important parameter, it is displayed much larger than the remaining parameters.

5 Measurement parameters

Shows the basic measurement parameters (level, frequency offset; numerically and bar graph).

The R&S EB500 is locked. Only the current operator can make changes (exclusive write access).

A critical error occurred in the receiver. The "Test Points" dialog will provide more information.

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Panel No. Description

6 Panel area

The panel area is used for displaying the various panels of the R&S EB500 (spectrum and waterfall are shown).

The light cyan color of the scale bar indicates that the panel is in focus: softkey

●

operations affect the panel (see below). A marker to show the squelch level relative to the trace level is also displayed. The dark blue bar around the demodulation frequency marking denotes the band-

●

width being demodulated. On the right side, the rainbow colored bar indicates the color that is mapped to the

●

corresponding spectrum level for the waterfall display.

7 Softkeys

Softkeys change their function based on the panel that is in focus. They show paneldependent parameters, e.g. "SPAN" and "STEP" for IF panel and IF Waterfall panel. Other softkeys are only related to e.g. RF panel, RF Waterfall panel etc.

Softkeys can be related to hardkeys: they can e.g. provide selection options in case one of the Utility keys is pressed or in case DET or MARK is pressed.

Softkeys can also provide the option for selecting a unit (kHz, MHz etc) e.g. when keyingin a frequency, they can provide additional functionality when editing input fields in dialogs, e.g. backspace or caps lock. Finally they can serve as shortcut keys for navigating through tables in dialogs, e.g. in the "Memory Setup" dialog or through the "Help" pages.

Operation

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

3.3.2 Description of Panels

The individual panels are described in more detail in the following sections.

3.3.2.1 Frequency Panel

By default, the frequency panel displays the following parameters:

date and time

●

operating mode ("FFM", "FScan", "FScan Stop" etc.)

●

frequency field

●

level (numerically and bar graph)

●

frequency offset (numerically)

●

The frequency panel can be configured such that the bar graph frequency offset is shown instead of the bar graph level (see "Panels Configuration Dialog" on page 139) as shown in the figure below.

The default setting is "Level". If you select "Fieldstrength", the level, offset and fieldstrength are shown as numerical values.

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The unit displayed in the frequency field can be changed via the panel configuration, using SETUP > "Config" > "Panels"; see "Panels Configuration Dialog" on page 139.

3.3.2.2 Parameter Panel

The parameter panel shows the most important receiver parameters.

Table 3-1: The table below lists all the parameters of the parameter panel with a short description of

ATT Attenuation (manual, automatic)

MGC Gain control (manual, automatic)

SQU Squelch (manual, automatic)

BW Bandwidth (0.1 kHz - 20.0 MHz)

AFC Automatic frequency correction "ON"/"OFF"

DET Detection ("AVG", "PEAK", "FAST", "RMS")

DEMOD Demodulation ("CW", "LSB", "USB", "ISB", "AM", "FM", "PULS", "PM", "IQ")

each

You can change these parameters using the appropriate front-panel controls.

Either one of the parameters "ATT", "MGC" or "SQU" at the top panel will be highlighted by means of a yellow background. This will tell the operator which of the parameters can currently be controlled by the SELECT rollkey.

If none are highlighted then the SELECT key is set to control the markers. This will be indicated by the "Marker" icon at the top right (see chapter 3.3.1, "GUI Layout", on page 35).

Other parameters will only be highlighted for a very short duration to indicate which parameter is being changed.

3.3.2.3 Parameter Input

Use the parameter dialog to enter a value directly. The dialog is active for the current GUI element, i.e. a softkey. Normally it will be active for the center frequency: The dialog will appear once a user starts entering a number.

When a GUI element has the focus, it is shown in a lighter color.

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Example: "MEAS TIME" softkey has the focus. The related parameter dialog will be:

As long as the dialog is on the foreground the default softkey bar will be replaced by the softkey bar below. These softkeys allow you to change the unit used for the parameter shown, replace a wrongly typed digit or change the sign.

Most of the time the focus is not with any of the softkeys. Instead the focus is on one of the panels, e.g. the IF panorama, which are not meant for input. In that case the parameter input will directly work on the receiver center frequency, as shown below.

The dialog will open by:

pressing ENTER. The dialog opens for the currently focused GUI element or the

●

receiver frequency. The current value is shown. pressing a number key. The dialog opens for the currently focused GUI element or

●

the receiver frequency. The number associated with the number key pressed is shown.

The dialog will close by:

pressing ENTER. The receiver will change the center frequency to the number just

●

entered. pressing ESC. The number just entered will be discarded.

●

pressing any of the receiver control keys ATT, MGC, SQU, BW, AFC, DET or

●

DEMOD. The number just entered will be redirected. See below.

Parameter redirection

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Once open, a particular dialog is not limited to the parameter shown. Input can be redirected by pressing one of the following controls while the dialog is still open.

When pressing ATT the attenuation will change to "Manual" with the value taken from

●

the dialog. When pressing MGC the gain control will change to "Manual" with the value taken

●

from the dialog. When pressing SQU the squelch will be switched on and the value will be taken from

●

the dialog. For the BW, DET and DEMOD keys the value from the dialog will represent the index

●

in the selector box, e.g. the second DET is "FAST" and the eighth BW is "2.7 kHz". For AFC there are only two options: 0 is "off" and 1 is "on".

●

3.3.2.4 Markers

The main marker for the receive frequency is displayed in yellow at the center of the spectrum. Range markers (red or purple) are activated with the marker selector, which can be reached via the MARK key (see: "Receiver Control Keys" on page 26).

Fig. 3-2: Markers.

Once the MARK key is pressed two things will happen:

The SELECT knob will become available for manipulating the markers. Take note of

●

the Marker icon in the icon panel (see:figure 3-1 ). The default softkey bar changes into a dedicated softkey bar to provide options for

●

enabling / disabling and controlling the markers.

"X1/X2" activates and/ selects the first and second frequency range marker (red).

"X3/X4" activates and selects the third and fourth frequency range marker (purple).

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"Y1/Y2" activates and selects the first and second level range marker (red).

"Clear" deactivates the currently activated marker pair.

"Clear All" deactivates all markers, i.e. X1, X2, X3, X4, Y1 and Y2.

"Marker Val" activates / deactivates the output of the level of the currently selected frequency range marker. This is only possible for X1, X2, X3 and X4.

"Freq Val" activates / deactivates output of the frequency and level of the received signal.

When the "Real Freq" softkey is pressed, the frequency value in the marker will show the actual frequency of the level indicated by the marker. See the note below for an explanation.

Only two range markers are selected at any one time. Selected range markers are displayed in solid colors (red and green or purple and green). Only the green color marker can be moved by the SELECT knob. By pressing the softkey of the activated marker pair, the green marker can be toggled, e.g. between X1 and X2 in case of X1/X2 markers or X3 and X4 in case of X3/X4 markers. This way the movable marker can be swapped.

Real frequency display at the markers

When the stepsize is set to average, there are usually more frequency levels calculated than what can be can be displayed on the screen. This is because the screen resolution is 640 pixels in horizontal direction whereas the number of frequencies calculated by FFT can be much higher (up to 4000 depending on the settings). For some settings up to eight frequencies can fall into one pixel.

The algorithm that is used in the R&S EB500 will display for each pixel the frequency with the highest level of all the frequencies that fall in that particular pixel. The frequency indicated by the marker however is the frequency, according to the pixel in the screen (the mean of all the frequencies that fall in that particular pixel).

In order to be able to find out what is the actual frequency represented by the level indicated, you should press the "Real Freq" softkey. When "Real Freq" is highlighted you will see the frequency indicated by the marker change over time, because in a real signal the frequency with the highest level will never be exactly the same all the time.

Pressing the SELECT knob (see: "Receiver Control Keys" on page 26) activates or deactivates a single range marker. Non-selected range markers are displayed in a translucent color (red or purple). Measurement output fields are displayed along the upper edge in the respective range-marker color.

Averaging of the measurement output can be switched on under SETUP > Config > Panels Configuration > Averaging For Ruler's Digital Output. The frequency span between two activated markers is shown along the upper edge.

The measurement output for range markers can also be shown in the measurement output panel (see: "Panels Configuration Dialog" on page 139).

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3.3.2.5 IF Panorama

Fig. 3-3: IF Panorama.

In FFM the IF panorama shows signals centered around the current receive frequency. The IF panorama bandwidth is determined by the frequency span setting (softkey "SPAN"). The dark blue background indicates the receiver bandwidth. The level threshold is indicated along the left margin. The color set for color indexing in the IF waterfall panel is shown along the right margin.

The ROTARY KNOB, the CURSOR LEFT / CURSOR RIGHT keys and the numeric keypad all can be used to control the center frequency. The ROTARY KNOB can be used for turning (clockwise for higher frequencies and counter-clockwise for lower frequencies) and clicking (the center frequency will be rounded to the nearest "STEP" value). The CURSOR LEFT / CURSOR RIGHT keys will change the center frequency with half the "SPAN" to lower or higher frequencies: after pressing the CURSOR LEFT key the center frequency will be reduced by half the "SPAN" and after pressing the CURSOR RIGHT key it will be increased by half the "SPAN". The number keys allow direct entry of a new center frequency: If the focus is not on any dialog or softkey then the effect of just keying a number using the number keys will cause the receiver to use that particular number for the center frequency, provided the number is within the range of the receiver.

If you connect a mouse and left click the yellow main marker on the X axis its ruler (the yellow line above the marker) will briefly appear. You can change the position of an active X marker by left dragging it. If you left drag the yellow main marker along the X axis, you can change the center frequency. By right dragging the yellow main marker along the X axis you can change the demodulation frequency.

If you left click the squelch marker (level threshold marker) on the Y axis its ruler will briefly appear. By left dragging the squelch marker along the Y axis, you can change its value. By left dragging a Y marker along the Y axis you can change its position.

You can move the center frequency by left clicking into the spectrum. By right clicking into the spectrum, you can move the demodulation frequency to the clicked position. You can change the position of a marker in the spectrum by left dragging it. You can change the center frequency by left dragging the yellow main marker in the spectrum. By right dragging the yellow main marker in the spectrum, you can change the demodulation frequency.

If you connect a keyboard then you can also change the center frequency using the cursor keys. The CURSOR RIGHT and CURSOR UP keys will move the center frequency by half the set "SPAN" to a higher frequency. The CURSOR LEFT and CURSOR DOWN keys will move the center frequency by half the set "SPAN" to a lower frequency.

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If you press the mouse wheel or ROTARY KNOB, the current center frequency will be rounded to the step width. If you connect an external keyboard then SHIFT+<NUMERIC KEY> will round the center frequency to the corresponding decimal power, e.g. SHIFT +3 will round to kHz.

Use the following softkeys to configure the IF panorama:

Press the "DEMOD FREQ" button to set the demodulation frequency, which is normally the same as the receive frequency. Any deviations will be temporary, which means that the ROTARY KNOB will act upon the demodulation frequency for as long as the focus is on the "DEMOD FREQ" button. The frequency limits of the demodulation frequency are determined by the receive frequency and the IF panorama span.

In the IF Panorama it can easily be seen by a change in the position of the blue bandwidth bar whether the demodulation frequency has been changed. The bar will not be positioned at the centre anymore, as can be seen in the figure below.

Once the focus is not on the "DEMOD FREQ" softkey anymore, a change in frequency will again affect the main frequency and the blue bandwidth bar will return back to the centre of the IF Panorama.

See also [SENSe:]FREQuency:DEModulation on page 265.

Press the "SPAN" button to set the IF panorama span.

A related vertical selector will pop-up, showing the possible values, which range from 1 kHz to 20 MHz.

See also [SENSe:]FREQuency:SPAN on page 270.

Press the "STEP" button to set the IF panorama step width. Step widths range from 625 mHz to 2 MHz.

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When set to "AUTO", the step width is determined automatically depending on the IF panorama span. A related vertical selector will pop-up, showing the available options.

Press the "SEARCH PEAK" button to center the IF panorama to the next left or right level peak, or to the absolute level peak. You can choose either the center frequency or the demodulation frequency. Once the softkey is pressed, a new row of softkeys will appear, which show the available options.

See also:

CALCulate:IFPan:MARKer:MAXimum:LEFT on page 204

CALCulate:IFPan:MARKer:MAXimum:RIGHt on page 204

CALCulate:IFPan:MARKer:MAXimum[:PEAK] on page 204

CALCulate:IFPan:MARKer:DEModulation:MAXimum:LEFT on page 204

CALCulate:IFPan:MARKer:DEModulation:MAXimum:RIGHt on page 204

CALCulate:IFPan:MARKer:DEModulation:MAXimum[:PEAK] on page 204

Press the "FFT MODE" button to select the FFT mode for the IF panorama data.

Once the softkey is pressed, a vertical selector will appear, which shows the available options. Available options are "MINIMUM", "MAXIMUM", "AVERAGE" and "CLRWRITE"

See also CALCulate:IFPan:AVERage:TYPE on page 202.

Press the "SELECTIVITY" button to set the selectivity in the IF panorama. You can only set the desired selectivity. The actual selectivity that can be achieved depends on the combination of step width and span.

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R&S® EB500

Operation

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

A related vertical selector shows the available options. Available options are "AUTO", "NORMAL", "NARROW" and "SHARP."

See also CALCulate:IFPan:SELectivity on page 205.

Press the "MEAS MODE" button to select the measurement mode. The measurement mode can be set to "CONT" ("CONTinuous") or "PER" ("PERiodic").

See also chapter 4.5.9, "MEASure Subsystem", on page 227.

Press the "MEAS TIME" button to set the measurement time. You can set a concrete time for periodic measurements or you can set it to "AUTO", in which case it will be determined automatically.

See also chapter 4.5.9, "MEASure Subsystem", on page 227.

Press the "POLYCHROME" button to operate the IF panorama in polychrome mode. You can set it to "OFF" or "HISTOGRAM" (color histogram). A related selector shows the available options.

If you select "HISTOGRAM", the frequency of the levels of the received signal measured over a defined time ("PERSISTENCE") will be shown in addition to the levels. Red dots indicate high occupancy (more frequently occurring levels) whereas blue dots indicate low occupancy (less frequently occurring levels).

Black areas indicate that no levels are being measured.

Fig. 3-4: Polychrome IF panorama.

See also CALCulate:PIFPan:MODE on page 208 .

Press the "100% TIME" button to set the 100% time (the level occupancy required to indicate 100% in the color bar scale) for the polychrome IF panorama.

See also CALCulate:PIFPan:ACTTime on page 207 .

Press the "PERSISTENCE" button to set persistence, i.e. the time during which the occupancy of a signal is to be measured.

See also CALCulate:PIFPan:OBSTime on page 209.

Press the "CLEAR POLYCHROME" button to clear the polychrome IF panorama; the measurement will restart.

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R&S® EB500

Operation

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

See also CALCulate:PIFPan:CLEar on page 208 .

Press the "LOW LIMIT" button to set the lower time limit for 100% time. Occupancies less than the lower limit will not be indicated with a color in the IF panel. You can set the lower limit to a value between 0 ms and the upper limit.

Press the "UPPER LIMIT" button to set the upper time limit for 100% time. Occupancies higher than the upper limit will not be indicated with a color in the IF panel. You can set the upper limit to a value between the lower limit and 100% time.

Press the "FREQ INCR" button to set the frequency increment for changing the receive frequency. You can choose between manual and automatic mode. If you select manual mode, the specified value will be used as increment. If you select "AUTO" mode, the step width of the currently focused panel will be used as increment.

See also [SENSe:]FREQuency:STEP[:INCRement] on page 272.

Press the "DIFF MODE" button to turn on the "Differential" mode. When turned on, the current spectrum is used as the reference; only the changes with respect to the reference spectrum are displayed.

This mode is indicated by the words "Differential Mode" displayed at the top of the spectrum. Note that the waterfall panel does not support differential mode.

If you turn the "Differential" mode off, the regular spectrum is displayed again.

Press the "CONFIG IFPAN" button to configure the IF panorama. You can configure the value range of the Y axis, the color set for the waterfall and the "Hold Maximum" function.

See also chapter 3.3.3.11, "IF Panorama Dialog", on page 170.

3.3.2.6 IF Waterfall

Fig. 3-5: IF Waterfall.

The IF waterfall, which by default is displayed below the IF panorama, shows signal levels from the IF panorama over time. The signal levels are color coded; the colors correspond to the color set shown along the right margin. They correspond with the level in the IF panorama. The time in seconds is indicated along the left margin.

You can change the position of a Y marker by turning the SELECT rollkey or by left dragging it along the Y axis (in case a mouse is connected).

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R&S® EB500

Operation

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

If you want to change the center frequency by using a mouse, left click into the waterfall. Likewise, if you want to change the demodulation frequency, right click into the waterfall. You can also left drag a marker in the waterfall to change its position. You can change the center frequency by left dragging the yellow main marker on the X axis. By right dragging the yellow main marker on the X axis, you can change the demodulation frequency. If the IF waterfall is displayed in a single-panel layout (SETUP > "Layout" > "IF WF ONLY") then there will be no X axis and no marker.

Press the mouse wheel or ROTARY KNOB to round the current center frequency to the step width.

Use the following softkeys to configure the IF waterfall:

Press the "DEMOD FREQ" button to set the demodulation frequency, which is normally the same as the receive frequency. Any deviations will be temporary, which means that the ROTARY KNOB will act upon the demodulation frequency for as long as the focus is on the "DEMOD FREQ" button. The frequency limits of the demodulation frequency are determined by the receive frequency and the IF panorama span.

See also [SENSe:]FREQuency:DEModulation on page 265.

Press the "SPAN" button to set the IF panorama span.

A related vertical selector will pop-up, showing the possible values, which range from 1 kHz to 20 MHz.

See also [SENSe:]FREQuency:SPAN on page 270.

Press "STEP" button to set the IF panorama step width.

Step widths range from 625 mHz to 2 MHz. When set to "AUTO", the step width is determined automatically depending on the IF panorama span. A related vertical selector will pop-up, showing the available options.

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R&S® EB500

Operation

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

Press the "FFT MODE" button to select the FFT mode for the IF panorama data.

Once the softkey is pressed, a vertical selector will appear, which show the available options. Available options are "MINIMUM", "MAXIMUM", "AVERAGE" and "CLRWRITE"

See also CALCulate:IFPan:AVERage:TYPE on page 202.

Press the "SELECTIVITY" button to set the selectivity in the IF panorama.

You can only set the desired selectivity. The actual selectivity that can be achieved depends on the combination of step width and span. A related selector shows the available options. Available options are "AUTO", "NORMAL", "NARROW" and "SHARP."

See also CALCulate:IFPan:SELectivity on page 205.

Press the "MEAS MODE" button to select the measurement mode. The measurement mode can be set to "CONT" ("CONTinuous") or "PER" ("PERiodic").

See also chapter 4.5.9, "MEASure Subsystem", on page 227.

Press the "MEAS TIME" button to set the measurement time. You can set a concrete time for periodic measurements or you can set it to "AUTO", in which case it will be determined automatically.

See also chapter 4.5.9, "MEASure Subsystem", on page 227.

Press the "POLYCHROME" button to operate the IF panorama in polychrome mode. You can set it to "OFF" or "HISTOGRAM" (color histogram). A related selector shows the available options.

This is explained in detail in the IF Panorama above.

See also CALCulate:PIFPan:MODE on page 208 .

Press the "100% TIME" button to set the 100% time (the level occupancy required to indicate 100% in the color bar scale) for the polychrome IF panorama.

See also CALCulate:PIFPan:ACTTime on page 207 .

Press the "PERSISTENCE" button to set persistence, i.e. the time during which the occupancy of a signal is to be measured.

See also CALCulate:PIFPan:OBSTime on page 209.

Press the "CLEAR POLYCHROME" button to clear the polychrome IF panorama; the measurement will restart.

See also CALCulate:PIFPan:CLEar on page 208.

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R&S® EB500

Operation

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

Press the "LOW LIMIT" button to set the lower time limit for 100% time. Occupancies less than the lower limit will not be indicated with a color in the IF panel. You can set the lower limit to a value between 0 ms and the upper limit.

Press the "UPPER LIMIT" button to set the upper time limit for 100% time. Occupancies higher than the upper limit will not be indicated with a color in the IF panel. You can set the upper limit to a value between the lower limit and 100% time.

Press the "FREQ INCR" button to set the frequency increment for changing the receive frequency. You can choose between manual and automatic mode. If you select manual mode, the specified value will be used as increment. If you select "AUTO" mode, the step width of the currently focused panel will be used as increment.

Press the "DIFF MODE" button to turn on the "Differential" mode. When turned on, the current spectrum is used as the reference; only the changes with respect to the reference spectrum are displayed.

This mode is indicated by the words "Differential Mode" displayed at the top of the spectrum. Note that the waterfall panel does not support differential mode.

Press the "CONFIG IF WF" button to configure the IF waterfall. You can configure the waterfall speed, and the color set to be used for the waterfall.

See also chapter 3.3.3.12, "IF Waterfall Dialog", on page 174.

3.3.2.7 RF Spectrum

Fig. 3-6: RF Spectrum.

The RF spectrum shows signals in Scan mode. The RF spectrum span width is determined by setting the start and stop frequency. The level threshold is indicated along the left margin. The color set for color indexing in the RF waterfall is displayed along the right margin.

Just like in the IF panorama (FFM mode, see chapter 3.3.2.5, "IF Panorama", on page 42) you can use the main rollkey, the arrow keys and the numeric keypad to control the center frequency. However, you won't see an effect for every scan mode. In fact, only in PScan mode the center frequency will actually change and demodulation will take place once the scan is stopped. For FScan and MScan, demodulation takes place all the while and the center frequency can only be changed once the scan has stopped.

If you connect a keyboard then you can change the center frequency using the cursor keys. The CURSOR RIGHT and CURSOR UP keys will move the center frequency by half the set "SPAN" to a higher frequency. The CURSOR LEFT and CURSOR DOWN keys will move the center frequency by half the set "SPAN" to a lower frequency. This can be done during the scan or at scan stop.

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R&S® EB500

Operation

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

Depending on the scan mode, use the following softkeys to configure the RF panel:

Panorama scan

The panorama scan requires option R&S EB500-PS. Check SETUP > Information > Options.

Press the "START" button to set the start frequency for the panorama scan.

See also [SENSe:]FREQuency:PSCan:STARt on page 269.

Press the "STOP" button to set the stop frequency for the panorama scan.

See also [SENSe:]FREQuency:PSCan:STOP  on page 269.

Press the "STEP" button to select the step width for the panorama scan.

A related selector dialog will pop-up providing the available options.

See also [SENSe:]PSCan:STEP on page 284.

Press the button "CYCLE COUNT" to set the cycle count, i.e. how often the frequency band between the start and stop frequency is to be scanned. You can set the cycle count to a number between 1 and 1000. You can also set it to "INFinity".

See also [SENSe:]PSCan:COUNt on page 283.

Press the button "FFT MODE" to select the FFT mode for the IF panorama data.

A related selector shows the available options. Available options are "MINIMUM", "MAXIMUM", "AVERAGE" and "CLRWRITE"

See also: CALCulate:IFPan:AVERage:TYPE on page 202.

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R&S® EB500

Operation

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

Press the "CENTER" button to set the center frequency for the panorama scan.

See also [SENSe:]FREQuency:PSCan:CENTer on page 267.

Press the "SPAN" button to set the span for the panorama scan.

See also [SENSe:]FREQuency:PSCan:SPAN on page 268.

Press the "MEAS MODE" button to select the measurement mode. The measurement mode can be set to "CONT" ("CONTinuous") or "PER" ("PERiodic").

See also chapter 4.5.9, "MEASure Subsystem", on page 227.

Press the "MEAS TIME" button to set the measurement time. You can set a concrete time for periodic measurements or you can set it to "AUTO", in which case it will be determined automatically.

See also chapter 4.5.9, "MEASure Subsystem", on page 227.

Press the "FREQ INCR" button to set the frequency increment for changing the receive frequency. You can choose between manual and automatic mode. If you select manual mode, the specified value will be used as increment. If you select "AUTO" mode, the step width of the currently focused panel will be used as increment.

See also [SENSe:]FREQuency:STEP[:INCRement]? on page 272.

Press the "DIFF MODE" button to turn on the "Differential" mode. When turned on, the current spectrum is used as the reference; only the changes with respect to the reference spectrum are displayed.

This mode is indicated by the words "Differential Mode" displayed at the top of the spectrum. Note that the waterfall panel does not support differential mode.

If you turn the "Differential" mode off, the regular spectrum is displayed again.

Press the button "CONFIG" to configure the RF spectrum. You can configure the value range of the Y axis and the "Hold Max" function. You can also choose between a comb and line spectrum and specify the color set to be used for the waterfall.

See also chapter 3.3.3.13, "RF Panorama Dialog", on page 176.

Frequency scan

Press the "START" button to set the start frequency for the frequency scan.

See also [SENSe:]FREQuency:STARt on page 271.

Press the "STOP" button to set the stop frequency for the frequency scan.

See also [SENSe:]FREQuency:STOP on page 272.

Press the "STEP" button to select the step width for the frequency scan.

See also [SENSe:]SWEep:STEP on page 290

Press the button "CYCLE COUNT" to set the cycle count, i.e. how often the frequency band between the start and stop frequency is to be scanned. You can set the cycle count to a number between 1 and 1000. You can also set it to "INFinity".

See also [SENSe:]SWEep:COUNt  on page 287.

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R&S® EB500

Operation

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

Press the button "FFT MODE" to select the FFT mode for the IF panorama data.

A related selector shows the available options. Available options are "MINIMUM", "MAXIMUM", "AVERAGE" and "CLRWRITE".

See also CALCulate:IFPan:AVERage:TYPE on page 202.

Press the "CENTER" button to set the center frequency for the frequency scan.

Press the "SPAN" button to set the span for the frequency scan.

Press the "MEAS MODE" button to select the measurement mode. The measurement mode can be set to "CONT" ("CONTinuous") or "PER" ("PERiodic").

See also chapter 4.5.9, "MEASure Subsystem", on page 227.

Press the "MEAS TIME" button to set the measurement time. You can set a concrete time for periodic measurements or you can set it to "AUTO", in which case it will be determined automatically.

See also chapter 4.5.9, "MEASure Subsystem", on page 227.

Press the "DWELL TIME" button to set the dwell time in milliseconds for each frequency. You can also set dwell time to "INFinity". The system will then dwell on the current frequency until you press RUN+ or RUN-.

See also [SENSe:]SWEep:DWELl on page 288.

Press the button "NO SIG TIME" to set the time for signal-controlled operation, i.e. if the signal disappears during dwell time, the system will wait for the time specified and then continue with the scan. You can also turn signal-controlled operation off.

See also:

[SENSe:]SWEep:HOLD:TIME on page 289

[SENSe:]SWEep:CONTrol[:ON] on page 286

Press the button "FUNCTION SUPPRESS" to configure the suppress list. Once the "FUNCTION SUPPRESS" button is pressed a new row of softkeys appears with options as shown below.

"Suppress" adds the current frequency to the list.

●

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R&S® EB500

Operation

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

"Supp-" adds the current frequency to the list and the scan will continue in the reverse

●

direction once the dwell time ended "Supp+" is similar to "Supp-" except that scan will continue in the forward direction

●

once the dwell time ended. "Store-" works like "Supp-" except that the current frequency is also copied to mem-

●

ory. "Store+" works like "Supp+" except that the current frequency is also copied to mem-

●

ory. "Sort" will sort the suppress list in ascending order.

●

"Clear All" empties the suppress list; it clears the list of all frequency ranges.

●

"Edit" will open the "Suppress List Setup" dialog, which is used to edit the frequencies

●

to be suppressed during a frequency scan. You can define, edit, sort and delete these frequencies in the "Suppress List Setup" dialog. See also chapter 3.3.3.21, "Suppress List Setup Dialog", on page 189.

Press the "FREQ INCR" button to set the frequency increment for changing the receive frequency. You can choose between manual and automatic mode. If you select manual mode, the specified value will be used as increment. If you select "AUTO" mode, the step width of the currently focused panel will be used as increment.

See also [SENSe:]FREQuency:STEP[:INCRement]? on page 272.

Press the "DIFF MODE" button to turn on the "Differential" mode. When turned on, the current spectrum is used as the reference; only the changes with respect to the reference spectrum are displayed.

This mode is indicated by the words "Differential Mode" displayed at the top of the spectrum. Note that the waterfall panel does not support differential mode.

If you turn the "Differential" mode off, the regular spectrum is displayed again.

Press the button "CONFIG" to configure the RF spectrum. You can configure the value range of the Y axis and the "Hold Max" function. You can also choose between a comb and line spectrum and specify the color set to be used for the waterfall.

See alsochapter 3.3.3.13, "RF Panorama Dialog", on page 176 .

Memory scan

Press the "MEM SELECT" button to set the number of the current memory channel. Depending on "SELECT MODE", the new memory channel will/will not be loaded.

During scanning the softkey will indicate which memory channel is currently loaded.

See also [SENSe:]MSCan:CHANnel on page 279.

Press the button "SELECT MODE" to set the mode for "MEM SELECT". Setting it to "PREVIEW" mode changes only the number of the current memory channel. Mode "AUTO RECALL" causes the receiver to assume the settings associated with the new memory channel.

Press the "MEM SQUELCH" button to use the squelch value from memory (turn it "ON") or the global squelch value (turn it "OFF").

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Operation

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

See also OUTPut:SQUelch:CONTrol on page 244.

Press the button "CYCLE COUNT" to set the cycle count, i.e. how many cycles the frequency band between the start and stop frequency is to be scanned. You can set the cycle count to a number between 1 and 1000. You can also set it to "INFinity".

See also [SENSe:]MSCan:COUNt on page 280.

Press the button "FFT MODE" to select the FFT mode for the IF panorama data.

A related selector shows the available options. Available options are "MINIMUM", "MAXIMUM", "AVERAGE" and "CLRWRITE".

See also CALCulate:IFPan:AVERage:TYPE on page 202.

Press the "DWELL TIME" button to set the dwell time in milliseconds for each frequency. You can also set dwell time to "INFinity". The system will then dwell on the current frequency until you press RUN+ or RUN-.

See also [SENSe:]MSCan:DWELl on page 282.

Press the button "NO SIG TIME" to set the time for signal-controlled operation, i.e. if the signal disappears during dwell time, the system will wait for the time specified and then continue with the scan. You can also turn signal-controlled operation off.

See also:

[SENSe:]MSCan:HOLD:TIME on page 282

[SENSe:]MSCan:CONTrol[:ON] on page 280

Press the button "FUNCTION SUPPRESS" to configure the suppress list. The options below appear in a new row of softkeys that replace the default softkey bar once the "SUPPRESS" button is pressed.

"Suppress" adds the current frequency to the list.

●

"Supp-" adds the current frequency to the list and the scan will continue in the reverse

●

direction once the dwell time ended. "Supp+" is similar to "Supp-" except that the scan will continue in the forward direction

●

once the dwell time ended.

See also chapter 3.3.3.21, "Suppress List Setup Dialog", on page 189.

Press the "MEAS MODE" button to select the measurement mode. The measurement mode can be set to "CONT" ("CONTinuous") or "PER" ("PERiodic").

See also chapter 4.5.9, "MEASure Subsystem", on page 227.

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R&S® EB500

Operation

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

Press the "MEAS TIME" button to set the measurement time. You can set a concrete time for periodic measurements or you can set it to "AUTO", in which case it will be determined automatically.

See also chapter 4.5.9, "MEASure Subsystem", on page 227.

Press the "FREQ INCR" button to set the frequency increment for changing the receive frequency. You can choose between manual and automatic mode. If you select manual mode, the specified value will be used as increment. If you select "AUTO" mode, the step width of the currently focused panel will be used as increment.

See also [SENSe:]FREQuency:STEP[:INCRement]? on page 272.

Press the "DIFF MODE" button to turn on the "Differential" mode. When turned on, the current spectrum is used as the reference; only the changes with respect to the reference spectrum are displayed.

This mode is indicated by the words "Differential Mode" displayed at the top of the spectrum. Note that the waterfall panel does not support differential mode.

Press the button "CONFIG" to configure the RF spectrum. You can configure the value range of the Y axis and the "Hold Max" function. You can also specify the color set to be used for the waterfall.

See also chapter 3.3.3.13, "RF Panorama Dialog", on page 176.

3.3.2.8 RF Waterfall

Fig. 3-7: RF Waterfall.

The RF waterfall below the RF spectrum shows signal levels from the RF spectrum over time. The signal levels are color coded; the colors correspond to the color set shown along the right margin. The time in seconds is indicated along the left margin.

You can change the position of a Y marker by left dragging it along the Y axis.

Just like in the RF panorama (FFM mode, see chapter 3.3.2.5, "IF Panorama", on page 42) you can use the main rollkey, the arrow keys and the numeric keypad to control the center frequency. However, you won't see an effect for every scan mode. In fact, only in PScan mode the center frequency will actually change and demodulation will take place once the scan is stopped. For FScan and MScan, demodulation takes place all the while and the center frequency can only be changed once the scan has stopped.

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R&S® EB500

Operation

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

If you connect a keyboard then you can change the center frequency using the cursor keys. The CURSOR RIGHT and CURSOR UP keys will move the center frequency by half the set SPAN to a higher frequency. The CURSOR LEFT and CURSOR DOWN keys will move the center frequency by half the set SPAN to a lower frequency. This can be done during the scan or at scan stop.

Use the following softkeys to configure the RF waterfall, depending on the scan mode:

Panorama scan

The panorama scan requires option R&S EB500-PS. Check SETUP > Information > Options.

Press the "START" button to set the start frequency for the panorama scan.

See also [SENSe:]FREQuency:PSCan:STARt on page 269.

Press the "STOP" button to set the stop frequency for the panorama scan.

See also [SENSe:]FREQuency:PSCan:STOP  on page 269.

A related vertical selector will pop-up providing the available options.

See also [SENSe:]PSCan:STEP on page 284.

Press the button "CYCLE COUNT" to set the cycle count, i.e. how for how many cycles the frequency band between the start and stop frequency is to be scanned. You can set the cycle count to a number between 1 and 1000. You can also set it to "INFinity".

See also [SENSe:]PSCan:COUNt on page 283.

Press the "CENTER" button to set the center frequency for the panorama scan.

See also [SENSe:]FREQuency:PSCan:CENTer on page 267.

Press the "SPAN" button to set the span for the panorama scan.

See also [SENSe:]FREQuency:PSCan:SPAN on page 268.

Press the "STEP" button to select the step width for the panorama scan.

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R&S® EB500

Operation

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

Press the "MEAS MODE" button to select the measurement mode. The measurement mode can be set to "CONT" ("CONTinuous") or "PER" ("PERiodic").

See also chapter 4.5.9, "MEASure Subsystem", on page 227.

Press the "MEAS TIME" button to set the measurement time. You can set a concrete time for periodic measurements or you can set it to "AUTO", in which case it will be determined automatically.

See also chapter 4.5.9, "MEASure Subsystem", on page 227.

Press the "FREQ INCR" button to set the frequency increment for changing the receive frequency. You can choose between manual and automatic mode. If you select manual mode, the specified value will be used as increment. If you select "AUTO" mode, the step width of the currently focused panel will be used as increment.

See also [SENSe:]FREQuency:STEP[:INCRement]? on page 272.

Press the "DIFF MODE" button to turn on the "Differential" mode. When turned on, the current spectrum is used as the reference; only the changes with respect to the reference spectrum are displayed.

This mode is indicated by the words "Differential Mode" displayed at the top of the spectrum. Note that the waterfall panel does not support differential mode.

Press the button "CONFIG" to configure the RF waterfall to set the speed, interpolation mode and color set for the waterfall. In case the RF panorama is displayed as a comb spectrum, the waterfall will show gaps at the same spacing. These can be interpolated by ticking the "Interpolation Mode" checkbox in this dialog.

See also chapter 3.3.3.14, "RF Waterfall Dialog", on page 178.

Frequency scan

Press the "START" button to set the start frequency for the frequency scan.

See also [SENSe:]FREQuency:STARt on page 271.

Press the "STOP" button to set the stop frequency for the frequency scan.

See also [SENSe:]FREQuency:STOP on page 272.

Press the "STEP" button to select the step width for the frequency scan.

See also [SENSe:]SWEep:STEP on page 290.

Press the button "CYCLE COUNT" to set the cycle count, i.e. how many cycles the frequency band between the start and stop frequency is to be scanned. You can set the cycle count to a number between 1 and 1000. You can also set it to "INFinity".

See also [SENSe:]SWEep:COUNt  on page 287.

Press the "CENTER" button to set the center frequency for the frequency scan.

Press the "SPAN" button to set the span for the frequency scan.

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Press the "MEAS MODE" button to select the measurement mode. The measurement mode can be set to "CONT" ("CONTinuous") or "PER" ("PERiodic").

See also chapter 4.5.9, "MEASure Subsystem", on page 227.

Press the "MEAS TIME" button to set the measurement time. You can set a concrete time for periodic measurements or you can set it to "AUTO", in which case it will be determined automatically.

See also chapter 4.5.9, "MEASure Subsystem", on page 227.

Press the "DWELL TIME" button to set the dwell time in milliseconds for each frequency. You can also set dwell time to "INFinity". The system will then dwell on the current frequency until you press RUN+ or RUN-.

See also [SENSe:]SWEep:DWELl on page 288.

Press the button "NO SIG TIME" to set the time for signal-controlled operation, i.e. if the signal disappears during dwell time, the system will wait for the time specified and then continue with the scan. You can also turn signal-controlled operation off.

See also:

[SENSe:]SWEep:HOLD:TIME on page 289

[SENSe:]SWEep:CONTrol[:ON] on page 286

Press the button "FUNCTION SUPPRESS" to configure the suppress list. The options below appear in a new softkey bar that replaces the default softkey bar once the "FUNCTION SUPPRESS" button is pressed.

"Suppress" adds the current frequency to the list.

●

"Supp-" adds the current frequency to the list and the scan will continue in the reverse

●

direction once the dwell time ended "Supp+" is similar to "Supp-" except that the scan will continue in the forward direction

●

once the dwell time ended. "Store-" works like "Supp-" except that the current frequency is also copied to mem-

●

ory. "Store+" works like "Supp+" except that the current frequency is also copied to mem-

●

ory. "Sort" will sort the suppress list in ascending order.

●

"Clear All" empties the suppress list; it clears the list of all frequency ranges.

●

"Edit" will open the "Suppress List Setup" dialog, which is used to edit the frequencies

●

to be suppressed during a frequency scan. You can define, edit, sort and delete these frequencies in the "Suppress List Setup" dialog. See also chapter 3.3.3.21, "Suppress List Setup Dialog", on page 189.

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Press the "FREQ INCR" button to set the frequency increment for changing the receive frequency. You can choose between manual and automatic mode. If you select manual mode, the specified value will be used as increment. If you select "AUTO" mode, the step width of the currently focused panel will be used as increment.

See also [SENSe:]FREQuency:STEP[:INCRement]? on page 272.

Press the "DIFF MODE" button to turn on the "Differential" mode. When turned on, the current spectrum is used as the reference; only the changes with respect to the reference spectrum are displayed.

This mode is indicated by the words "Differential Mode" displayed at the top of the spectrum. Note that the waterfall panel does not support differential mode.

Press the button "CONFIG" to configure the RF waterfall to set the speed, interpolation mode and color set for the waterfall. In case the RF panorama is displayed as a comb spectrum, the waterfall will show gaps at the same spacing. These can be interpolated by ticking the "Interpolation Mode" checkbox in this dialog. Note that gaps caused by suppressed frequency ranges will not be interpolated.

See also chapter 3.3.3.14, "RF Waterfall Dialog", on page 178.

See also [SENSe:]SWEep:COUNt  on page 287.

Memory scan

Press the "MEM SELECT" button to set the number of the current memory channel. Depending on "SELECT MODE", the new memory channel will/will not be loaded.

During scanning the softkey will indicate which memory channel is currently loaded.

See also [SENSe:]MSCan:CHANnel on page 279.

Press the button "SELECT MODE" to set the mode for "MEM SELECT". Setting it to "PREVIEW" mode changes only the number of the current memory channel. Mode "AUTO RECALL" causes the receiver to assume the settings associated with the new memory channel.

Press the "MEM SQUELCH" button to use the squelch value from memory ("ON") or the global squelch value ("OFF").

See also OUTPut:SQUelch:CONTrol on page 244.

Press the button "CYCLE COUNT" to set the cycle count, i.e. how many cycles the frequency band between the start and stop frequency is to be scanned. You can set the cycle count to a number between 1 and 1000. You can also set it to "INFinity".

See also [SENSe:]MSCan:COUNt on page 280.

Press the "DWELL TIME" button to set the dwell time in milliseconds for each frequency. You can also set dwell time to "INFinity". The system will then dwell on the current frequency until you press RUN+ or RUN-.

See also [SENSe:]MSCan:DWELl on page 282.

Press the button "NO SIG TIME" to set the time for signal-controlled operation, i.e. if the signal disappears during dwell time, the system will wait for the time specified and then continue with the scan. You can also turn signal-controlled operation off.

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See also:

[SENSe:]MSCan:HOLD:TIME on page 282

[SENSe:]MSCan:CONTrol[:ON] on page 280

Press the button "FUNCTION SUPPRESS" to configure the suppress list. The options below appear in a softkey bar that replaces the default softkey bar once the "FUNCTION SUPPRESS" button is pressed.

"Suppress" adds the current frequency to the list.

●

"Supp-" adds the current frequency to the list and the scan will continue in the reverse

●

direction once the dwell time ended. "Supp+" is similar to "Supp-" except that scan will continue in the forward direction

●

once the dwell time ended.

See also chapter 3.3.3.21, "Suppress List Setup Dialog", on page 189.

Press the "MEAS MODE" button to select the measurement mode. The measurement mode can be set to "CONT" ("CONTinuous") or "PER" ("PERiodic").

See also chapter 4.5.9, "MEASure Subsystem", on page 227.

Press the "MEAS TIME" button to set the measurement time. You can set a concrete time for periodic measurements or you can set it to "AUTO", in which case it will be determined automatically.

See also chapter 4.5.9, "MEASure Subsystem", on page 227.

Press the "FREQ INCR" button to set the frequency increment for changing the receive frequency. You can choose between manual and automatic mode. If you select manual mode, the specified value will be used as increment. If you select "AUTO" mode, the step width of the currently focused panel will be used as increment.

See also [SENSe:]FREQuency:STEP[:INCRement]? on page 272.

Press the "DIFF MODE" button to turn on the "Differential" mode. When turned on, the current spectrum is used as the reference; only the changes with respect to the reference spectrum are displayed.

This mode is indicated by the words "Differential Mode" displayed at the top of the spectrum. Note that the waterfall panel does not support differential mode.

Press the button "CONFIG" to configure the RF waterfall, i.e. to set the speed and color set for the waterfall.

See also chapter 3.3.3.14, "RF Waterfall Dialog", on page 178.

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3.3.2.9 Video Panorama

Fig. 3-8: Video Panorama.

In FFM the video panorama shows the spectrum of the demodulated signal. The span width of the video panorama is calculated, based on the receiver bandwidth, normally rounded off to a number larger than the bandwidth sufficient to provide the required FFT length (4096). The color set for color indexing in the video waterfall is shown along the right margin.

The ROTARY KNOB, the CURSOR LEFT / CURSOR RIGHT keys and the numeric keypad all can be used to control the center frequency. The ROTARY KNOB can be used for turning (clockwise for higher frequencies and counter-clockwise for lower frequencies) and clicking (the center frequency will be rounded to the nearest step value). The CURSOR LEFT / CURSOR RIGHT keys will change the center frequency by half the "SPAN" to lower or higher frequencies: after pressing the left arrow the center frequency will be reduced by half the "SPAN", and after pressing the right arrow it will be increased by half the "SPAN". The number keys allow direct entry of a new center frequency: If the focus is not on any dialog or softkey then the effect of just keying a number using the number keys will cause the receiver to use that particular number for the center frequency, provided the number is within the range of the receiver.

You can move the center frequency by left clicking into the spectrum. By right clicking into the spectrum, you can move the demodulation frequency to the clicked position. You can change the position of a marker in the spectrum by left dragging it.

Use the following softkeys to configure the video panorama:

Press the button "VIDEO TRACE" to select which demodulation is used for the video panorama. A related selector shows the available options.

See also DISPlay:MENU[:NAME] on page 220.

Press the button "FREQ INCR" to set the frequency increment for changing the receive frequency. You can choose between manual and automatic mode. If you select manual mode, the specified value will be used as increment. If you select "AUTO" mode, the step width of the currently focused panel will be used as increment.

See also [SENSe:]FREQuency:STEP[:INCRement]? on page 272.

Press the button "CONFIG" to configure the video panorama, e.g. to set the value range for the Y axis.

See also chapter 3.3.3.15, "Video Panorama Dialog", on page 179.

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3.3.2.10 Video Waterfall

Fig. 3-9: Video Waterfall.

The video waterfall below the video panorama shows signal levels from the video panorama over time. The signal levels are color coded; the colors correspond to the color set shown along the right margin. The time in seconds is indicated along the left margin.

You can change the position of a Y marker by left dragging it along the Y axis.

Just like in the video panorama (see chapter 3.3.2.9, "Video Panorama", on page 61 ) you can use the the ROTARY KNOB, the CURSOR LEFT / CURSOR RIGHT keys and the numeric keypad to control the center frequency.

Use the following softkeys to configure the video waterfall:

Press the button "VIDEO TRACE" to select which demodulation is used for the video panorama. A related selector shows the available options.

See also DISPlay:MENU[:NAME] on page 220.

Press the button "FREQ INCR" to set the frequency increment for changing the receive frequency. You can choose between manual and automatic mode. If you select manual mode, the specified value will be used as increment. If you select "AUTO" mode, the step width of the currently focused panel will be used as increment.

See also [SENSe:]FREQuency:STEP[:INCRement]? on page 272.

Press the button "CONFIG" to configure the video waterfall, i.e. to set the speed and color set for the waterfall.

See also chapter 3.3.3.16, "Video Waterfall Dialog", on page 179.

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3.3.2.11 ITU Measurement

Fig. 3-10: ITU Panel: Frequency deviation measurement.

Fig. 3-11: ITU Panel: Modulation depth measurement.

The ITU panel shows the following measurement output in accordance with the ITU guidelines:

level, field strength

●

modulation depth

●

frequency deviation

●

PM phase deviation, bandwidth

●

Press the button "DEMOD FREQ" to set the demodulation frequency, which is normally the same as the receive frequency. Any deviations will be temporary. The frequency limits of the demodulation frequency are determined by the receive frequency and the IF panorama span.

See also .[SENSe:]FREQuency:DEModulation on page 265.

Press the button "BW MEASMODE" to select the bandwidth measurement mode, i.e. "XDB" or "BETA%".

Press the "XDB" button to set the "XDB" measurement mode value. You can select a value between 0 dB and 100 dB.

Press the "BETA%" button to set the "BETA%" measurement mode value. You can select a value between 0.1% and 99.9%.

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Press the "RESET" button to reset all maximum ITU measurement values.

This button will toggle between AM measurement (modulation depth in percent) and FM measurement (frequency deviation in kHz).

Depending on the setting of the softkey "AM/FM MODE", the ITU measurement will display either the Modulation Depth (AM) or the Frequency Deviation (FM). The modulation depth and frequency deviation are displayed digitally (values on the left-hand side) as well as in analog form (as bars). The related maxima are shown digitally (values on the right-hand side) and in analog form (as a vertical line within the bar representation). The PM phase deviation display is not active unless the PM modulation mode is switched on. The ITU panel requires option R&S EB500-IM.

Press the "MEAS MODE" button to select the measurement mode. The measurement mode can be set to "CONT" ("CONTinuous") or "PER" ("PERiodic").

See also chapter 4.5.9, "MEASure Subsystem", on page 227.

Press the "MEAS TIME" button to set the measurement time. You can set a concrete time for periodic measurements or you can set it to "AUTO", in which case it will be determined automatically.

See also chapter 4.5.9, "MEASure Subsystem", on page 227.

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3.3.2.12 Polar Panel

Fig. 3-12: Polar Panel.

The polar panel shows the bearing of a signal within a 360° azimuth dial. Invalid bearings are indicated by a gray bearing indicator. If no new valid bearing values arrive after a period of more than one minute, the polar panel will be stopped. In this case, a "Stopped" message will appear along with the time at which the panel was stopped. If persistence has been turned on, the bearing indicator will be shown as a gray dashed line throughout the persistence period. Once the persistence period has expired, it will be shown as a solid gray line.

The polar panel requires DF upgrade R&S EB500-DF.

Besides the bearing of the signal the following additional information is displayed:

The bearing value in digital form (large black indicator).

●

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If the "Azimuth" softkey is set to "Average" (see the softkey description below), the

●

small black indicator will show the standard deviation for the average from the last 10 measurements. If the "Azimuth" softkey is set to "Current", the small black indicator will not show any value, just three dashes (- - -).

If the "Azimuth" softkey is set to "Average", the blue indicator will show the average

●

from the last 10 measurements. If the "Azimuth" softkey is set to "Current", the blue indicator will show the previous valid bearing value.

The DF quality in digital and analog form with DF quality squelch.

●

The level in digital and analog form with DF level squelch.

●

The field strength in digital form.

●

The DF bandwidth (current panorama bandwidth, which depends on the step width

●

and selectivity).

Use the following softkeys to configure the polar panel:

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Press the "DF QUALITY" button to set the DF quality, which ranges from 0% to 100%.

Once this softkey has the focus you can change the value by using the ROTARY KNOB or numeric keys.

Press the "SPAN" button to set the IF panorama span.

A related vertical selector will pop-up, showing the possible values, which range from 1 kHz to 20 MHz.

See also [SENSe:]FREQuency:SPAN on page 270.

Press the "STEP" button to set the IF panorama step width. Step widths range from 625 mHz to 2 MHz.

When set to "AUTO", the step width is determined automatically depending on the IF panorama span. A related vertical selector will pop-up, showing the available options.

Press the "LEVEL SQU" button to set the DF squelch for DF averaging in "NORM" ("NORMal") or "GATE" mode.

See also MEASure:DFINder|DF:THReshold[:UPPer] on page 232 .

Press the "SQU MODE" button to select or turn off the squelch mode. If the DF squelch is turned off, it is not shown in the DF panorama or the polar panel.

A related selector shows the available modes.

Available modes are "OFF", "GATE" and "NORMAL".

See also MEASure:DFINder|DF:MODE on page 230 .

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Press the "AF DF MODE" button to set the application in FFM mode to direction finding ("DF") or measurement ("AF"). If you change the application mode from "Receiver" to "DF", the related mode is activated automatically. In AF mode you can turn on the polychrome IF panorama and use the PScan, provided the option R&S EB500-PS is installed.

See also MEASure:APPLication on page 228.

Press the "DF MEAS TIME" button to set the DF measurement time, which is independent of the global measurement time. You can use the ROLLKEY or numeric pad to set the measurement time to the desired value.

Press the "Selectivity" button to set the selectivity in the panorama. You can only set the desired selectivity. The actual selectivity that can be achieved depends on the combination of step width and span. A related selector shows the available options. Available options are "AUTO", "NORMAL", "NARROW" and "SHARP".

See also CALCulate:IFPan:SELectivity on page 205 .

Press the "SHOW ON TOP" button to show either the geographic north or the vehicle axis on top of the wind rose.

If the "Azimuth" softkey is set to "Average", the average and standard deviation from the last 10 measurements will be calculated and shown in the panel.

If the "Azimuth" softkey is set to "Current", the previous valid bearing value will be shown instead of the average.

Press the "FREQ INCR" button to set the frequency increment for changing the receive frequency. You can choose between manual and automatic mode. If you select manual mode, the specified value will be used as increment. If you select "AUTO" mode, the step width of the currently focused panel will be used as increment.

Press the "CONFIG POLAR" button to configure the polar panel. You can configure the value range of the level Y axis. You can configure the following parameters: value range of the level Y axis, background of the wind rose, persistence of the DF beam and accuracy of the DF value.

See also chapter 3.3.3.19, "Polar Display Dialog", on page 185 .

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3.3.2.13 DF IF Panorama

Fig. 3-13: DF IF Panorama.

In FFM the DF IF panorama shows signals centered around the current receive frequency. The DF IF panorama bandwidth is determined by the frequency span setting (softkey "SPAN"). The dark green background indicates the DF bandwidth. The DF level threshold is indicated along the left margin. The color set for color indexing in an IF waterfall panel is shown along the right margin.

The DF IF panorama requires DF upgrade R&S EB500-DF.

The ROTARY KNOB, the CURSOR LEFT / CURSOR RIGHT keys and the numeric keypad all can be used to control the center frequency. The ROTARY KNOB can be used for turning (clockwise for higher frequencies and counter-clockwise for lower frequencies) and clicking (the center frequency will be rounded to the nearest "STEP" value). The CURSOR LEFT / CURSOR RIGHT keys will change the center frequency with half the "SPAN" to lower or higher frequencies: after pressing the CURSOR LEFT key the center frequency will be reduced by half the "SPAN" and after pressing the CURSOR RIGHT key it will be increased by half the "SPAN". The number keys allow direct entry of a new center frequency: If the focus is not on any dialog or softkey then the effect of just keying a number using the number keys will cause the receiver to use that particular number for the center frequency, provided the number is within the range of the receiver.

If you connect a mouse and left click the yellow main marker on the X axis its ruler (the yellow line above the marker) will briefly appear. You can change the position of an active X marker by left dragging it. If you left drag the yellow main marker along the X axis, you can change the center frequency. By right dragging the yellow main marker along the X axis you can change the demodulation frequency.

If you left click the squelch marker (level threshold marker) on the Y axis its ruler will briefly appear. By left dragging the squelch marker along the Y axis, you can change its value. By left dragging a Y marker along the Y axis you can change its position.

You can move the center frequency by left clicking into the spectrum. By right clicking into the spectrum, you can move the demodulation frequency to the clicked position. You can change the position of a marker in the spectrum by left dragging it. You can change the center frequency by left dragging the yellow main marker in the spectrum. By right

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dragging the yellow main marker in the spectrum, you can change the demodulation frequency.

If you connect a keyboard then you can also change the center frequency using the cursor keys. The CURSOR RIGHT and CURSOR UP keys will move the center frequency by half the set "SPAN" to a higher frequency. The CURSOR LEFT and CURSOR DOWN keys will move the center frequency by half the set "SPAN" to a lower frequency.

If you press the mouse wheel or ROTARY KNOB, the current center frequency will be rounded to the step width. If you connect an external keyboard then SHIFT+<NUMERIC KEY> will round the center frequency to the corresponding decimal power, e.g. SHIFT +3 will round to kHz.

Use the following softkeys to configure the IF panorama:

Press the "DEMOD FREQ" button to set the demodulation frequency, which is normally the same as the receive frequency. Any deviations will be temporary, which means that the ROTARY KNOB will act upon the demodulation frequency for as long as the focus is on the "DEMOD FREQ" button. The frequency limits of the demodulation frequency are determined by the receive frequency and the IF panorama span.

See also [SENSe:]FREQuency:DEModulation on page 265.

Press the "AF DF MODE" button to set the application in FFM mode to direction finding ("DF") or measurement ("AF"). If you change the application mode from "Receiver" to "DF", the related mode is activated automatically. In AF mode you can turn on the polychrome IF panorama and use the PScan, provided the option R&S EB500-PS is installed.

See also MEASure:APPLication on page 228.

Press the "LEVEL SQU" button to set the DF squelch for DF averaging in "NORM" ("NORMal") or "GATE" mode.

See also MEASure:DFINder|DF:THReshold[:UPPer] on page 232 .

Press the "SQU MODE" button to select or turn off the squelch mode. If the DF squelch is turned off, it is not shown in the DF panorama or the polar panel.

A related selector shows the available modes.

Available modes are "OFF", "GATE" and "NORM" ("NORMal").

See also MEASure:DFINder|DF:MODE on page 230.

Press the button "DF MEAS TIME" to set the DF measurement time, which is independent of the global measurement time. You can use the ROLLKEY or numeric pad to set the measurement time to the desired value. In addition, there is a selector which allows you to select one of seven predefined time periods.

See also MEASure:DFINder|DF:TIME on page 231.

Press the "SELECTIVITY" button to set the selectivity in the IF panorama.

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You can only set the desired selectivity. The actual selectivity that can be achieved depends on the combination of step width and span.

A related vertical selector shows the available options. Available options are "AUTO", "NORMAL", "NARROW" and "SHARP."

Press the "SPAN" button to set the IF panorama span.

A related vertical selector will pop-up, showing the possible values, which range from 1 kHz to 20 MHz.

See also [SENSe:]FREQuency:SPAN on page 270.

Press the "STEP" button to set the IF panorama step width.

Step widths range from 625 mHz to 2 MHz.

When set to "AUTO", the step width is determined automatically depending on the IF panorama span. A related vertical selector will pop-up, showing the available options.

Press the "SEARCH PEAK" button to center the IF panorama to the next left or right level peak, or to the absolute level peak. You can choose either the center frequency or the demodulation frequency. Once the softkey is pressed, a new row of softkeys will appear, which show the available options.

See also:

CALCulate:IFPan:MARKer:MAXimum:LEFT on page 204

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