Rohde & Schwarz 1309.6000.08, 1309.6000.28, 1309.6000.18, 1309.6000.04, 1309.6000.14 Operating Manual

Form 080/01

Complimentary Reference Material

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1309.6275.12-02

Operating Manual

Handheld Spectrum Analyzer

R&SFSH4

1309.6000.04

1309.6000.14

1309.6000.24

R&SFSH8

1309.6000.08

1309.6000.18

1309.6000.28

Test and Measurement

The firmware of the instrument makes use of several valuable open source software packages. The
verbatim license texts are provided in on the user documentation CD-ROM (included in delivery).
Rohde & Schwarz would like to thank the open source community for their valuable contribution to
embedded computing.

Throughout this manual, the Handheld Spectrum Analyzer R&S

®

FSH is abbreviated as R&S FSH.

R&S

®

is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG

Trade names are trademarks of the owners

R&S FSH Contents

1309.6275.12 I.1 E-2

Contents

Safety Instructions
Customer Information Regarding Product Disposal
Safety Regulations for Batteries
Certificate of Quality
EC-Certificate of Conformity
Support Center Address
List of R&S Representatives

1 Putting into Operation ........................................................................................ 1.1

2 Getting Started .................................................................................................... 2.1

3 Operation ............................................................................................................. 3.1

Screen Layout...................................................................................................................................3.1

Screen layout for spectrum-mode measurements without markers ...........................................3.1

Screen layout when the marker mode is selected ......................................................................3.2

Entering Measurement Parameters ................................................................................................3.3

Entering values and texts............................................................................................................3.3

Entering units ..............................................................................................................................3.4

Menu Overview .................................................................................................................................3.5

Softkeys available for all measurement modes ..........................................................................3.5

User settings ..................................................................................................................3.5

File management ...........................................................................................................3.5

Tables ........................................................................................................................3.5

General settings .............................................................................................................3.6

Selection of the measurement mode .............................................................................3.6

Softkeys of the spectrum analyzer mode....................................................................................3.7

Frequency entry .............................................................................................................3.7

Frequency span .............................................................................................................3.7

Level settings .................................................................................................................3.7

Bandwidth settings .........................................................................................................3.7

Sweep ........................................................................................................................3.8

Trace settings ................................................................................................................3.8

Limit lines .......................................................................................................................3.8

Measurement functions..................................................................................................3.8

Channel power................................................................................................3.9

Occupied Bandwidth.......................................................................................3.9

TDMA Power ..................................................................................................3.9

Marker ......................................................................................................................3.10

Marker position ............................................................................................................3.10

Softkeys of the network analyzer mode ....................................................................................3.11

Contents R&S FSH

1309.6275.12 I.2 E-2

Frequency entry ...........................................................................................................3.11

Frequency span ...........................................................................................................3.11

Level settings ...............................................................................................................3.11

Bandwidth settings .......................................................................................................3.11

S

weep ......................................................................................................................3.11

Trace settings ..............................................................................................................3.12

Limit lines .....................................................................................................................3.12

Measurement functions................................................................................................3.12

Marker ......................................................................................................................3.13

Marker position ............................................................................................................3.13

Softkeys of the Distance to Fault mode ....................................................................................3.14

Frequency entry ...........................................................................................................3.14

Frequency span ...........................................................................................................3.14

Level settings ...............................................................................................................3.14

Bandwidth settings .......................................................................................................3.14

Sweep ......................................................................................................................3.14

Trace settings ..............................................................................................................3.15

Measurement functions................................................................................................3.15

Marker ......................................................................................................................3.15

Marker position ............................................................................................................3.15

Softkeys of the Power Meter mode...........................................................................................3.16

Frequency entry ...........................................................................................................3.16

Level settings ...............................................................................................................3.16

Sweep ......................................................................................................................3.16

Measurement functions................................................................................................3.16

4 Instrument Functions.......................................................................................... 4.1

Instrument Default Setup.................................................................................................................4.1

Setting the Frequency......................................................................................................................4.1

Entering the center frequency.....................................................................................................4.2

Setting a frequency offset ...........................................................................................................4.2

Entering the center-frequency step size .....................................................................................4.3

Entering the start and stop frequency .........................................................................................4.3

Working with channel tables.......................................................................................................4.4

Setting the Span ...............................................................................................................................4.5

Setting the Amplitude Parameters..................................................................................................4.6

Setting the reference level ..........................................................................................................4.7

Entering the display range ..........................................................................................................4.8

Entering the display unit..............................................................................................................4.9

Entering the reference offset ......................................................................................................4.9

Entering of the RF-Attenuation ...................................................................................................4.9

Entering the RF preamplification...............................................................................................4.10

Entering the input impedance ...................................................................................................4.10

R&S FSH Contents

1309.6275.12 I.3 E-2

Selecting a transducer factor ....................................................................................................4.10

Setting the Bandwidths .................................................................................................................4.12

Resolution bandwidth................................................................................................................4.12

Video bandwidth........................................................................................................................4.13

Setting the Sweep...........................................................................................................................4.15

Sweep time ...............................................................................................................................4.15

Sweep mode .............................................................................................................................4.16

Trigger .....................................................................................................................................4.16

Trace Settings.................................................................................................................................4.18

Trace mode...............................................................................................................................4.18

Detector ....................................................................................................................................4.19

Trace-Selection.........................................................................................................................4.21

Trace memory...........................................................................................................................4.22

Trace mathematics ...................................................................................................................4.23

Using the Markers ..........................................................................................................................4.23

Automatic marker positioning ...................................................................................................4.25

Using more than one marker at a time (multimarker mode).....................................................4.27

Marker functions .......................................................................................................................4.29

Measuring the noise power density..............................................................................4.29

Measuring the frequency..............................................................................................4.30

AF demodulation.......................................................................................................................4.31

Using the Display Line ...................................................................................................................4.32

Using Limit Lines............................................................................................................................4.32

Measurements with limit lines ...................................................................................................4.34

Definition range of limit lines .....................................................................................................4.35

Data sets containing limit lines..................................................................................................4.35

Setting and Using the Measurement Functions..........................................................................4.35

Measuring the channel power of continuously modulated signals ..........................................4.35

Selecting the standard ..............................................................................................................4.36

Setting the reference level ........................................................................................................4.37

Setting the channel bandwidth..................................................................................................4.37

Changing the span....................................................................................................................4.37

Unit for power display................................................................................................................4.39

Power measurements on TDMA signals......................................................................................4.39

Selecting a standard .................................................................................................................4.40

Setting the burst length .............................................................................................................4.40

Contents R&S FSH

1309.6275.12 I.4 E-2

Optimizing the reference level ..................................................................................................4.41

Power readout...........................................................................................................................4.41

Setting the trigger......................................................................................................................4.41

Measuring the occupied bandwidth .............................................................................................4.42

Selecting a standard .................................................................................................................4.43

Setting the reference level ........................................................................................................4.43

Setting the channel bandwidth..................................................................................................4.44

Entering the power percent to determine the occupied bandwidth ...........................................4.44

Displaying the occupied bandwidth...........................................................................................4.45

Changing the span....................................................................................................................4.45

Two-port measurements with the tracking generator ................................................................4.45

Measuring the transmission of two-ports ..................................................................................4.48

Vector measurement....................................................................................................4.50

Vector transmission measurement ..............................................................................4.52

Measuring the transmission magnitude .......................................................................4.54

Measuring the transmission phase (models with integrated VSWR bridge only) ........4.54

Supplying DC voltage to active DUTs (models with integrated VSWR bridge only) ....4.55

Scalar measurement of reflection ................................................................................4.55

Vector measurement of reflection................................................................................4.58

Measuring the reflection magnitude.............................................................................4.59

Measuring the reflection phase....................................................................................4.60

Simultaneous measurement of magnitude and phase of the reflection.......................4.60

Displaying the reflection in the Smith chart...................................................4.61

Selecting the calibration standards: .............................................................................4.64

Cable Measurements......................................................................................................................4.66

Cable selection .........................................................................................................................4.67

Selecting the frequency range ..................................................................................................4.68

Calibrating the test setup ..........................................................................................................4.69

Measurements using the power sensor.......................................................................................4.72

Connecting the power sensor ...................................................................................................4.72

Zeroing the power sensor .........................................................................................................4.74

Selecting the unit for the power readout ...................................................................................4.75

Setting the averaging time ........................................................................................................4.75

Taking additional loss or gain into account ...............................................................................4.76

Measuring forward and reflected power ......................................................................................4.76

Zeroing the power sensor .........................................................................................................4.79

Setting the power measurement weighting...............................................................................4.80

Selecting the unit for the power readout ...................................................................................4.80

Taking additional attenuation into account................................................................................4.81

R&S FSH Contents

1309.6275.12 I.5 E-2

Measuring with Transducer Factors.............................................................................................4.83

Unit for measurements with transducers ..................................................................................4.85

Reference level settings for measurements with transducers ..................................................4.85

Frequency range of transducer.................................................................................................4.86

Data sets containing transducer factors ...................................................................................4.86

Saving and Loading Instrument Settings and Measurement Results.......................................4.87

Saving results ...........................................................................................................................4.88

Entering a data set name..........................................................................................................4.88

Loading measurement results ..................................................................................................4.89

Measurements ................................................................................................................................4.90

How a spectrum analyzer operates ..........................................................................................4.90

R&S FSH Safety Instructions

1309.6275.12 1 E-2

Safety Instructions

Make sure to read through and observe the following safety instructions!

All plants and locations of the Rohde & Schwarz group of companies make every effort to keep the
safety standard of our products up to date and to offer our customers the highest possible degree of
safety. Our products and the auxiliary equipment required for them are designed and tested in
accordance with the relevant safety standards. Compliance with these standards is continuously
monitored by our quality assurance system. The product described here has been designed and tested
in accordance with the EC Certificate of Conformity and has left the manufacturer’s plant in a condition
fully complying with safety standards. To maintain this condition and to ensure safe operation, observe
all instructions and warnings provided in this manual. If you have any questions regarding these safety
instructions, the Rohde & Schwarz group of companies will be happy to answer them.

Furthermore, it is your responsibility to use the product in an appropriate manner. This product is
designed for use solely in industrial and laboratory environments or, if expressly permitted, also in the fi
eld and must not be used in any way that may cause personal injury or property damage. You are
responsible if the product is used for an intention other than its designated purpose or in disregard of
the manufacturer’s instructions. The manufacturer shall assume no responsibility for such use of the
product.

The product is used for its designated purpose if it is used in accordance with its product documentation
and within its performance limits (see data sheet, documentation, the following safety instructions).
Using the product requires technical skills and a basic knowledge of English. It is therefore essential
that only skilled and specialized staff or thoroughly trained personnel with the required skills be allowed
to use the product. If personal safety gear is required for using Rohde & Schwarz products, this will be
indicated at the appropriate place in the product documentation. Keep the basic safety instructions and
the product documentation in a safe place and pass them on to the subsequent users.

Symbols and safety labels:

Observing the safety instructions will help prevent personal injury or damage of any kind caused by
dangerous situations. Therefore, carefully read through and adhere to the following safety instructions
before putting the product into operation. It is also absolutely essential to observe the additional safety
instructions on personal safety that appear in relevant parts of the product documentation. In these
safety instructions, the word “product” refers to all merchandise sold and distributed by the Rohde &
Schwarz group of companies, including instruments, systems and all accessories.

Safety Instructions R&S FSH

1309.6275.12 2 E-2

Tags and their meaning

DANGER DANGER indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in death

or serious injury.

WARNING WARNING indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in

death or serious injury.

CAUTION CAUTION indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, may result in minor

or moderate injury.

NOTICE NOTICE indicates a property damage message.

In the product documentation, the word ATTENTION is used synonymously.

These tags are in accordance with the standard defi nition for civil applications in the European
Economic Area. Defi nitions that deviate from the standard defi nition may also exist in other economic
areas or military applications. It is therefore essential to make sure that the tags described here are
always used only in connection with the related product documentation and the related product. The
use of tags in connection with unrelated products or documentation can result in misinterpretation and
thus contribute to personal injury or material damage.

Basic safety instructions

1. The product may be operated only under the
operating conditions and in the positions
specifi ed by the manufacturer. The R&S
FSH is protected against dripping water and
dust (IP degree 51). Unless otherwise
specifi ed, the following requirements apply
to Rohde & Schwarz products: prescribed
operating position is always with the housing
fl oor facing down, IP protection 2X,
pollution severity 2, overvoltage category 2,
use only in enclosed spaces, max. operation
altitude 4600 m above sea level, max.
transport altitude 12000 m above sea level.
A tolerance of ±10% shall apply to the
nominal voltage and of ±5% to the nominal
frequency.

2. Applicable local or national safety
regulations and rules for the prevention of
accidents must be observed in all work
performed. The product may be opened only
by authorized, specially trained personnel.
Prior to performing any work on the product
or opening the product, the product must be
disconnected from the supply network. Any
adjustments, replacements of parts,
maintenance or repair must be carried out
only by technical personnel authorized by
Rohde & Schwarz. Only original parts may
be used for replacing parts relevant to safety
(e.g. power switches, power transformers,
fuses, batteries). A safety test must always
be performed after parts relevant to safety
have been replaced (visual inspection, PE

conductor test, insulation resistance
measurement, leakage current
measurement, functional test).

3. As with all industrially manufactured goods,
the use of substances that induce an allergic
reaction (allergens, e.g. nickel) such as
aluminum cannot be generally excluded. If
you develop an allergic reaction (such as a
skin rash, frequent sneezing, red eyes or
respiratory diffi culties), consult a physician
immediately to determine the cause.

4. If products/components are mechanically
and/ or thermically processed in a manner
that goes beyond their intended use,
hazardous substances (heavy-metal dust
such as lead, beryllium, nickel) may be
released. For this reason, the product may
only be disassembled, e.g. for disposal
purposes, by specially trained personnel.
Improper disassembly may be hazardous to
your health. National waste disposal
regulations must be observed.

5. Depending on the function, certain products
such as RF radio equipment can produce an
elevated level of electromagnetic radiation.
Considering that unborn life requires
increased protection, pregnant women
should be protected by appropriate
measures. Persons with pacemakers may
also be endangered by electromagnetic
radiation. The employer/ operator is required
to assess workplaces where there is a

Safety Instructions R&S FSH

1309.6275.12 2 E-2

special risk of exposure to radiation and, if
necessary, take measures to avert the
danger.

6. Operating the products requires special
training and intense concentration. Make
certain that persons who use the products
are physically, mentally and emotionally fi t
enough to handle operating the products;
otherwise injuries or material damage may
occur. It is the responsibility of the employer
to select suitable personnel for operating the
products.

7. Prior to switching on the product, it must be
ensured that the nominal voltage setting on
the power supply matches the nominal
voltage of the AC supply network.

8. If the product has no power switch for
disconnection from the AC supply, the plug
of the connecting cable is regarded as the
disconnecting device. In such cases, it must
be ensured that the power plug is easily
reachable and accessible at all times
(corresponding to the length of connecting
cable, approx. 2 m). Functional or electronic
switches are not suitable for providing
disconnection from the AC supply. If
products without power switches are
integrated in racks or systems, a
disconnecting device must be provided at
the system level.

9. Never use the product if the power cable is
damaged. Check the power cable on a
regular basis to ensure that it is in proper
operating condition. By taking appropriate
safety measures and carefully laying the
power cable, ensure that the cable cannot
be damaged and that no one can be hurt by
e.g. tripping over the cable or suffering an
electric shock.

10. The product may be operated only from
TN/TT supply networks fused with max. 16
A (higher fuse only after consulting with the
Rohde & Schwarz group of companies).

11. Do not insert the plug into sockets that are
dusty or dirty. Insert the plug fi rmly and all
the way into the socket. Otherwise, this can
result in sparks, fi re and/or injuries.

12. Do not overload any sockets, extension
cords or connector strips; doing so can
cause fi re or electric shocks.

13. For measurements in circuits with voltages
Vrms > 30 V, suitable measures (e.g.

appropriate measuring equipment, fusing,
current limiting, electrical separation,
insulation) should be taken to avoid any
hazards.

14. Ensure that the connections with information
technology equipment comply with IEC
950/EN 60950.

15. Unless expressly permitted, never remove
the cover or any part of the housing while
the product is in operation. Doing so will
expose circuits and components and can
lead to injuries, fi re or damage to the
product.

16. For permanently installed equipment without
built-in fuses, circuit breakers or similar
protective devices, the supply circuit must
be fused in such a way that suitable
protection is provided for users and
products.

17. Do not insert any objects into the openings
in the housing that are not designed for this
purpose. Never pour any liquids onto or into
the housing. This can cause short circuits
inside the product and/or electric shocks, fi
re or injuries.

18. Use suitable overvoltage protection to
ensure that no overvoltage (such as that
caused by a thunderstorm) can reach the
product. Otherwise the operating personnel
will be endangered by electric shocks.

19. Do not place the product on heat-generating
devices such as radiators or fan heaters.
The temperature of the environment must
not exceed the maximum temperature
specifi ed in the data sheet.

20. Batteries and storage batteries must not be
exposed to high temperatures or fi re. Keep
batteries and storage batteries away from
children. Do not short-circuit batteries and
storage batteries. If batteries or storage
batteries are improperly replaced, this can
cause an explosion (warning: lithium cells).
Replace the battery or storage battery only
with the matching Rohde & Schwarz type
(see spare parts list). Batteries and storage
batteries must be recycled and kept
separate from residual waste. Batteries and
storage batteries that contain lead, mercury
or cadmium are hazardous waste. Observe
the national regulations regarding waste
disposal and recycling.

R&S FSH Safety Instructions

1309.6275.12 3 E-2

21. Please be aware that in the event of a fi re,
toxic substances (gases, liquids etc.) that
may be hazardous to your health may
escape from the product.

22. Handles on the products are designed
exclusively for personnel to hold or carry the
product. It is therefore not permissible to use
handles for fastening the product to or on
means of transport such as cranes, fork lifts,
wagons, etc. The user is responsible for
securely fastening the products to or on the
means of transport and for observing the
safety regulations of the manufacturer of the
means of transport. Noncompliance can
result in personal injury or material damage.

23. If you use the product in a vehicle, it is the
sole responsibility of the driver to drive the
vehicle safely. Adequately secure the
product in the vehicle to prevent injuries or
other damage in the event of an accident.
Never use the product in a moving vehicle if
doing so could distract the driver of the
vehicle. The driver is always responsible for
the safety of the vehicle. The manufacturer
assumes no responsibility for accidents or
collisions.

24. Prior to cleaning, disconnect the product
from the AC supply. Use a soft, non-linting
cloth to clean the product. Never use
chemical cleaning agents such as alcohol,
acetone or diluent for cellulose lacquers.

25. Any additional safety instructions given in
this manual are also to be observed.

R&S FSH Informaciones Elementales de Seguridad

1309.6275.12 1 E-2

Informaciones Elementales de Seguridad

¡Es imprescindible leer y observar las siguientes instrucciones e informaciones de seguridad!

El principio del grupo de empresas Rohde & Schwarz consiste en tener nuestros productos siempre al
día con los estándares de seguridad y de ofrecer a nuestros clientes el máximo grado de seguridad.
Nuestros productos y todos los equipos adicionales son siempre fabricados y examinados según las
normas de seguridad vigentes. Nuestra sección de gestión de la seguridad de calidad controla
constantemente que sean cumplidas estas normas. El presente producto ha sido fabricado y
examinado según el comprobante de conformidad adjunto según las normas de la CE y ha salido de
nuestra planta en estado impecable según los estándares técnicos de seguridad. Para poder preservar
este estado y garantizar un funcionamiento libre de peligros, el usuario deberá atenerse a todas las
indicaciones, informaciones de seguridad y notas de alerta. El grupo de empresas Rohde & Schwarz
está siempre a su disposición en caso de que tengan preguntas referentes a estas informaciones de
seguridad.

Además queda en la responsabilidad del usuario utilizar el producto en la forma debida. Este producto
está destinado exclusivamente al uso en la industria y el laboratorio o, si ha sido expresamente
autorizado, para aplicaciones de campo y de ninguna manera deberá ser utilizado de modo que alguna
persona/cosa pueda sufrir daño. El uso del producto fuera de sus fines definidos o despreciando las
informaciones de seguridad del fabricante queda en la responsabilidad del usuario. El fabricante no se
hace en ninguna forma responsable de consecuencias a causa del mal uso del producto.

Se parte del uso correcto del producto para los fines definidos si el producto es utilizado dentro de las
instrucciones de la correspondiente documentación de producto y dentro del margen de rendimiento
definido (ver hoja de datos, documentación, informaciones de seguridad que siguen). El uso del
producto hace necesarios conocimientos profundos y conocimientos básicas del idioma inglés. Por eso
se debe tener en cuenta que el producto sólo pueda ser operado por personal especializado o
personas minuciosamente instruidas con las capacidades correspondientes. Si fuera necesaria
indumentaria de seguridad para el uso de productos de R&S, encontrará la información debida en la
documentación del producto en el capítulo correspondiente. Guarde bien las informaciones de
seguridad elementales, así como la documentación del producto y entréguela a usuarios posteriores.

Símbolos y definiciones de seguridad

Tener en cuenta las informaciones de seguridad sirve para tratar de evitar daños y peligros de toda
clase. Es necesario de que se lean las siguientes informaciones de seguridad concienzudamente y se
tengan en cuenta debidamente antes de la puesta en funcionamiento del producto. También deberán
ser tenidas en cuenta las informaciones para la protección de personas que encontrarán en el capítulo
correspondiente de la documentación de producto y que también son obligatorias de seguir. En las
informaciones de seguridad actuales hemos juntado todos los objetos vendidos por el grupo de
empresas Rohde & Schwarz bajo la denominación de „producto“, entre ellos también aparatos,
instalaciones así como toda clase de accesorios.

Informaciones Elementales de Seguridad R&S FSH

1309.6275.12 2 E-2

Palabras de señal y su significado

PELIGRO Identifica un peligro directo con riesgo elevado de provocar muerte o lesiones de

gravedad si no se toman las medidas oportunas.

ADVERTENCIA Identifica un posible peligro con riesgo medio de provocar muerte o lesiones (de

gravedad) si no se toman las medidas oportunas.

ATENCIÓN Identifica un peligro con riesgo reducido de provocar lesiones de gravedad media o

leve si no se toman las medidas oportunas.

AVISO Indica la posibilidad de utilizar mal el producto y a consecuencia dañarlo.

En la documentación del producto se emplea de forma sinónima el término
CUIDADO.

Las palabras de señal corresponden a la definición habitual para aplicaciones civiles en el área
económica europea. Pueden existir definiciones diferentes a esta definición en otras áreas económicas
o en aplicaciones militares. Por eso se deberá tener en cuenta que las palabras de señal aquí descritas
sean utilizadas siempre solamente en combinación con la correspondiente documentación de producto
y solamente en combinación con el producto correspondiente. La utilización de las palabras de señal
en combinación con productos o documentaciones que no les correspondan puede llevar a
malinterpretaciones y tener por consecuencia daños en personas u objetos.

Informaciones de seguridad elementales

1. El producto solamente debe ser utilizado
según lo indicado por el fabricante referente
a la situación y posición de funcionamient.
R&S FSH está protegido contra roción y
polvo (modo de protección IP 51). Si no se
convino de otra manera, es para los
productos R&S válido lo que sigue: como
posición de funcionamiento se defi ne por
principio la posición con el suelo de la caja
para abajo, modo de protección IP 2X,
grado de suciedad 2, categoría de
sobrecarga eléctrica 2, utilizar solamente en
estancias interiores, utilización hasta 4600
m sobre el nivel del mar, transporte hasta
12000 m sobre el nivel del mar. Se aplicará
una tolerancia de ±10% sobre el voltaje
nominal y de ±5% sobre la frecuencia
nominal.

2. En todos los trabajos deberán ser tenidas
en cuenta las normas locales de seguridad
de trabajo y de prevención de accidentes. El
producto solamente debe de ser abierto por
personal especializado autorizado. Antes de
efectuar trabajos en el producto o abrirlo
deberá este ser desconectado de la
corriente. El ajuste, el cambio de partes, la
manutención y la reparación deberán ser
solamente efectuadas por electricistas
autorizados por R&S. Si se reponen partes
con importancia para los aspectos de
seguridad (por ejemplo el enchufe, los
transformadores o los fusibles, baterías),
solamente podrán ser sustituidos por partes

originales. Después de cada recambio de
partes elementales para la seguridad
deberá ser efectuado un control de
seguridad (control a primera vista, control
de conductor protector, medición de
resistencia de aislamiento, medición de la
corriente conductora, control de
funcionamiento).

3. Como en todo producto de fabricación
industrial no puede ser excluido en general
de que se produzcan al usarlo elementos
que puedan generar alergias, los llamados
elementos alergénicos (por ejemplo el
níquel). Si se producieran en el trato con
productos R&S reacciones alérgicas, como
por ejemplo urticaria, estornudos
frecuentes, irritación de la conjuntiva o difi
cultades al respirar, se deberá consultar
inmediatamente a un médico para averiguar
los motivos de estas reacciones.

4. Si productos / elementos de construcción
son tratados fuera del funcionamiento defi
nido de forma mecánica o térmica, pueden
generarse elementos peligrosos (polvos de
sustancia de metales pesados como por
ejemplo plomo, berilio, níquel). La partición
elemental del producto, como por ejemplo
sucede en el tratamiento de materias
residuales, debe de ser efectuada
solamente por personal especializado para
estos tratamientos. La partición elemental
efectuada inadecuadamente puede generar
daños para la salud. Se deben tener en

Informaciones Elementales de Seguridad R&S FSH

1309.6275.12 2 E-2

cuenta las directivas nacionales referentes
al tratamiento de materias residuales.

5. Ciertos productos, como por ejemplo las
instalaciones de radiocomunicación RF,
pueden a causa de su función natural, emitir
una radiación electromagnética aumentada.
En vista a la protección de la vida en
desarrollo deberían ser protegidas personas
embarazadas debidamente. También las
personas con un bypass pueden correr
peligro a causa de la radiación
electromagnética. El empresario/ usuario
está comprometido a valorar y señalar
áreas de trabajo en las que se corra un
riesgo aumentado de exposición a
radiaciones para evitar riesgos.

6. La utilización de los productos requiere
instrucciones especiales y una alta
concentración en el manejo. Debe de
ponerse por seguro de que las personas
que manejen los productos estén a la altura
de los requerimientos necesarios referente
a sus aptitudes físicas, psíquicas y
emocionales, ya que de otra manera no se
pueden excluir lesiones o daños de objetos.
El empresario lleva la responsabilidad de
seleccionar el personal usuario apto para el
manejo de los productos.

7. Antes de la puesta en marcha del producto
se deberá tener por seguro de que la
tensión preseleccionada en el fuente
alimentación equivalga a la del la red de
distribución.

8. Si el producto no está equipado con un
interruptor para desconectarlo de la red, se
deberá considerar el enchufe del cable de
distribución como interruptor. En estos
casos deberá asegurar de que el enchufe
sea de fácil acceso y nabejo (según la
medida del cable de distribución,
aproximadamente 2 m). Los interruptores de
función o electrónicos no son aptos para el
corte de la red eléctrica. Si los productos sin
interruptor están integrados en bastidores o
instalaciones, se deberá instalar el
interruptor al nivel de la instalación.

9. No utilice nunca el producto si está dañado
el cable eléctrico. Compruebe regularmente
el correcto estado de los cables de conexión
a red. Asegure a través de las medidas de
protección y de instalación adecuadas de
que el cable de eléctrico no pueda ser
dañado o de que nadie pueda ser dañado

por él, por ejemplo al tropezar o por un
golpe de corriente.

10. Solamente está permitido el funcionamiento
en redes de distribución TN/TT aseguradas
con fusibles de como máximo 16 A
(utilización de fusibles de mayor amperaje
sólo previa consulta con el grupo de
empresas Rohde & Schwarz).

11. Nunca conecte el enchufe en tomas de
corriente sucias o llenas de polvo.
Introduzca el enchufe por completo y
fuertemente en la toma de corriente. Si no
tiene en consideración estas indicaciones
se arriesga a que se originen chispas, fuego
y/o heridas.

12. No sobrecargue las tomas de corriente, los
cables de extensión o los enchufes de
extensión ya que esto pudiera causar fuego
o golpes de corriente.

13. En las mediciones en circuitos de corriente
con una tensión de entrada de Ueff > 30 V
se deberá tomar las precauciones debidas
para impedir cualquier peligro (por ejemplo
medios de medición adecuados, seguros,
limitación de tensión, corte protector,
aislamiento etc.).

14. En caso de conexión con aparatos de la
técnica informática se deberá tener en
cuenta que estos cumplan los requisitos del
estándar IEC950/EN60950.

15. A menos que esté permitido expresamente,
no retire nunca la tapa ni componentes de la
carcasa mientras el producto esté en
servicio. Esto pone a descubierto los cables
y componentes eléctricos y puede causar
heridas, fuego o daños en el producto.

16. En caso de que los productos que son
instalados fi jamente en un lugar sean sin
protector implementado, autointerruptor o
similares objetos de protección, el circuito
de suministro de corriente deberá estar
protegido de manera que usuarios y
productos estén sufi cientemente
protegidos.

17. Por favor, no introduzca ningún objeto que
no esté destinado a ello en los orifi cios de
la caja del aparato. No vierta nunca ninguna
clase de líquidos sobre o en la caja. Esto
puede producir cortocircuitos en el producto
y/o puede causar golpes de corriente, fuego
o heridas.

R&S FSH Informaciones Elementales de Seguridad

1309.6275.12 3 E-2

18. Asegúrese con la protección adecuada de
que no pueda originarse en el producto una
sobrecarga por ejemplo a causa de una
tormenta. Si no se verá el personal que lo
utilice expuesto al peligro de un golpe de
corriente.

19. No ponga el producto sobre aparatos que
produzcan calor, como por ejemplo
radiadores o calentadores. La temperatura
ambiental no debe superar la temperatura
máxima especifi cada en la hoja de datos.

20. Baterías y acumuladores no deben de ser
expuestos a temperaturas altas o al fuego.
Guardar baterías y acumuladores fuera del
alcance de los niños. No cortocircuitar
baterías ni acumuladores. Si las baterías o
los acumuladores no son cambiados con la
debida atención existirá peligro de explosión
(atención células de litio). Cambiar las
baterías o los acumuladores solamente por
los del tipo R&S correspondiente (ver lista
de piezas de recambio). Las baterías y
acumuladores deben reutilizarse y no deben
acceder a los vertederos. Las baterías y
acumuladores que contienen plomo,
mercurio o cadmio deben tratarse como
residuos especiales. Respete en esta
relación las normas nacionales de
evacuación y reciclaje.

21. Por favor tengan en cuenta que en caso de
un incendio pueden desprenderse del
producto agentes venenosos (gases,
líquidos etc.) que pueden generar daños a
la salud.

22. Las asas instaladas en los productos sirven
solamente de ayuda para el manejo que
solamente está previsto para personas. Por
eso no está permitido utilizar las asas para
la sujeción en o sobre medios de transporte
como por ejemplo grúas, carretillas
elevadoras de horquilla, carros etc. El
usuario es responsable de que los
productos sean sujetados de forma segura
a los medios de transporte y de que las
prescripciones de seguridad del fabricante
de los medios de transporte sean
observadas. En caso de que no se tengan
en cuenta pueden causarse daños en
personas y objetos.

23. Si llega a utilizar el producto dentro de un
vehículo, queda en la responsabilidad
absoluta del conductor que conducir el
vehículo de manera segura. Asegure el
producto dentro del vehículo debidamente
para evitar en caso de un accidente las
lesiones u otra clase de daños. No utilice
nunca el producto dentro de un vehículo en
movimiento si esto pudiera distraer al
conductor. Siempre queda en la
responsabilidad absoluta del conductor la
seguridad del vehículo. El fabricante no
asumirá ninguna clase de responsabilidad
por accidentes o colisiones.

24. Antes de proceder a la limpieza, desconecte
el producto de la red. Realice la limpieza
con un paño suave, que no se deshilache.
No utilice de ninguna manera agentes
limpiadores químicos como, por ejemplo,
alcohol, acetona o nitrodiluyente.

25. Deben observarse las indicaciones de
seguridad adicionales del presente manual.

1171.0200.52-01.01

Customer Information Regarding Product Disposal

The German Electrical and Electronic Equipment (ElektroG) Act is an implementation of
the following EC directives:

•

2002/96/EC on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) and

•

2002/95/EC on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in
e

lectrical and electronic equipment (RoHS).

Product labeling in accordance with EN 50419

Once the lifetime of a product has ended, this product must not be disposed of
in the standard domestic refuse. Even disposal via the municipal collection
points for waste electrical and electronic equipment is not permitted.

Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG has developed a disposal concept for the
environmental-friendly

disposal or recycling of waste material and fully assumes its

obligation

as

a producer to take back and dispose of electrical and electronic waste

in accordance with the ElektroG Act.

Please contact your local service representative to dispose of the product.

1171.0300.41 D/E/ESP/F-1

Kundeninformation zur Batterieverordnung (BattV)

Dieses Gerät enthält eine schadstoffhaltige Batterie. Diese darf nicht
mit dem Hausmüll entsorgt werden.
Nach Ende der Lebensdauer darf die Entsorgung nur über eine
Rohde&Schwarz-Kundendienststelle oder eine geeignete
Sammelstelle erfolgen.

Safety Regulations for Batteries (according to BattV)

This equipment houses a battery containing harmful substances that
must not be disposed of as normal household waste.
After its useful life, the battery may only be disposed of at a Rohde &
Schwarz service center or at a suitable depot.

Normas de Seguridad para Baterías (Según BattV)

Este equipo lleva una batería que contiene sustancias perjudiciales,
que no se debe desechar en los contenedores de basura
domésticos.
Después de la vida útil, la batería sólo se podrá eliminar en un
centro de servicio de Rohde & Schwarz o en un depósito apropiado.

Consignes de sécurité pour batteries (selon BattV)

Cet appareil est équipé d'une pile comprenant des substances
nocives. Ne jamais la jeter dans une poubelle pour ordures
ménagéres.
Une pile usagée doit uniquement être éliminée par un centre de
service client de Rohde & Schwarz ou peut être collectée pour être
traitée spécialement comme déchets dangereux.

1171.0200.11-03.00

QUALITÄTSZERTIFIKAT

Sehr geehrter Kunde,

Sie haben sich für den Kauf eines
Rohde & Schwarz-Produktes ent­schieden. Hiermit erhalten Sie ein
nach modernsten Fertigungsme­thoden hergestelltes Produkt. Es
wurde nach den Regeln unseres
Managementsystems entwickelt,
gefertigt und geprüft.
Das Rohde & Schwarz Management­system ist zertifiziert nach:

DIN EN ISO 9001:2000
DIN EN 9100:2003
DIN EN ISO 14001:2004

CERTIFICATE OF QUALITY

Dear Customer,

you have decided to buy a Rohde &
Schwarz product. You are thus as­sured of receiving a product that is
manufactured using the most modern
methods available. This product was
developed, manufactured and tested
in compliance with our quality mana­gement system standards.
The Rohde & Schwarz quality
management system is certified
according to:

DIN EN ISO 9001:2000
DIN EN 9100:2003
DIN EN ISO 14001:2004

CERTIFICAT DE QUALITÉ

Cher Client,

vous avez choisi d‘acheter un produit
Rohde & Schwarz. Vous disposez
donc d‘un produit fabriqué d‘après les
méthodes les plus avancées. Le
développement, la fabrication et les
tests respectent nos normes de ges­tion qualité.
Le système de gestion qualité de
Rohde & Schwarz a été homologué
conformément aux normes:

DIN EN ISO 9001:2000
DIN EN 9100:2003
DIN EN ISO 14001:2004

PD 5213.8744.99

=

V 01.00=May 2007

1309.6000.01(2008-45) CE E-1

EC Certificate of Conformity

Certificate No.: 2008-45

This is to certify that:

Equipment type

Stock No. Designation

FSH4 1309.6000.04/.14/.24 Handheld Spectrum Analyzer
FSH8 1309.6000.08/.18/.28

FSH-Z1 1155.4505.02 Average Power Sensor
FSH-Z14 1120.6001.02 Directional Power Sensor
FSH-Z18 1165.1909.02 Average Power Sensor
FSH-Z44 1165.2305.02 Directional Power Sensor

complies with the provisions of the Directive of the Council of the European Union on the
approximation of the laws of the Member States

- relating to electrical equipment for use within defined voltage limits
(2006/95/EC)

- relating to electromagnetic compatibility
(2004/108/EC)

Conformity is proven by compliance with the following standards:

EN 61010-1 : 2001
EN 61326 : 1997 + A1 : 1998 + A2 : 2001 + A3 : 2003
EN 55011 : 1998 + A1 : 1999 + A2 : 2002, Klasse B
EN 61000-3-2 : 2000 + A2 : 2005
EN 61000-3-3 : 1995 + A1 : 2001

For the assessment of electromagnetic compatibility, the limits of radio interference for Class
B equipment as well as the immunity to interference for operation in industry have been used
as a basis.

Affixing the EC conformity mark as from 2008

ROHDE & SCHWARZ GmbH & Co. KG
Mühldorfstr. 15, D-81671 München

Munich, 2008-09-10 Central Quality Management MF-QZ / Radde

1171.0200.22-03.00

Customer Support

Technical support – where and when you need it

For quick, expert help with any Rohde & Schwarz equipment, contact one of our Customer Support
Centers. A team of highly qualified engineers provides telephone support and will work with you to find a
solution to your query on any aspect of the operation, programming or applications of Rohde & Schwarz
equipment.

Up-to-date information and upgrades

To keep your instrument up-to-date and to be informed about new application notes related to your
instrument, please send an e-mail to the Customer Support Center stating your instrument and your wish.
We will take care that you will get the right information.

USA & Canada

Monday to Friday (except US public holidays)
8:00 AM – 8:00 PM Eastern Standard Time (EST)

Tel. from USA 888-test-rsa (888-837-8772) (opt 2)
From outside USA [phone] (opt 2)
Fax [phone]

E-mail [e-mail]

East Asia

Monday to Friday (except Singaporean public holidays)
8:30 AM – 6:00 PM Singapore Time (SGT)

Tel. [phone]
Fax [phone]

E-mail [e-mail]

Rest of the World

Monday to Friday (except German public holidays)
08:00 – 17:00 Central European Time (CET)

Tel. from Europe [phone]*
From outside Europe [phone]
Fax [phone]

E-mail [e-mail]

* 0.14 €/Min within the German fixed-line telephone network, varying prices
for the mobile telephone network and in different countries.

1171.0200.42-02.00

12

12

Address List

Headquarters, Plants and Subsidiaries

Headquarters

ROHDE& SCHWARZ GmbH & Co. KG
Mühldorfstraße 15 · D-81671 München
P.O.Box 80 14 69 · D-81614 München

Plants

ROHDE& SCHWARZ Messgerätebau GmbH
Riedbachstraße 58 · D-87700 Memmingen
P.O.Box 16 52 · D-87686 Memmingen

ROHDE& SCHWARZ GmbH & Co. KG
Werk Teisnach
Kaikenrieder Straße 27 · D-94244 Teisnach
P.O.Box 11 49 · D-94240 Teisnach

ROHDE& SCHWARZ závod
Vimperk, s.r.o.
Location Spidrova 49
CZ-38501 Vimperk

ROHDE& SCHWARZ GmbH & Co. KG
Dienstleistungszentrum Köln
Graf-Zeppelin-Straße 18 · D-51147 Köln
P.O.Box 98 02 60 · D-51130 Köln

Subsidiaries

R&S BICK Mobilfunk GmbH
Fritz-Hahne-Str. 7 · D-31848 Bad Münder
P.O.Box 20 02 · D-31844 Bad Münder

ROHDE& SCHWARZ FTK GmbH
Wendenschloßstraße 168, Haus 28
D-12557 Berlin

ROHDE& SCHWARZ SIT GmbH
Am Studio 3
D-12489 Berlin

R&S Systems GmbH
Graf-Zeppelin-Straße 18
D-51147 Köln

GEDIS GmbH
Sophienblatt 100
D-24114 Kiel

HAMEG Instruments GmbH
Industriestraße 6
D-63533 Mainhausen

Locations Worldwide

Please refer to our homepage: www.rohde-schwarz.com

◆ Sales Locations

◆ Service Locations

◆ National Websites

Phone [phone]

Fax [phone]

[e-mail]

Phone [phone]

[phone]

[e-mail]

Phone [phone]

Fax [phone]

[e-mail]

Phone [phone]

Fax [phone]

Phone [phone]

Fax [phone]

[e-mail]

[e-mail]

Phone [phone]

Fax [phone]

[e-mail]

Phone [phone]

Fax [phone]

[e-mail]

Phone [phone]

Fax [phone]

[e-mail]

Phone [phone]

Fax [phone]

[e-mail]

Phone [phone]

Fax [phone]

[e-mail]

Phone [phone]

Fax [phone]

[e-mail]

R&S FSH Putting into Operation

1309.6275.12 1.1 E-2

1 Putting into Operation

For details refer to the Quick Start Guide, chapter 1 "Putting into Operation".

R&S FSH Getting Started

1309.6275.12 2.1 E-2

2 Getting Started

For details refer to the Quick Start Guide, chapter 2 "Getting Started".

R&S FSH Screen Layout

1309.6275.12 3.1 E2

3 Operation

Screen Layout

Screen layout for spectrum-mode measurements without markers

RF Attenuation

Reference

level

Resolution bandwidth and

video bandwidth

Trace

mode and

Detector

Sweep time and

Trigger mode

Indicator of

invalid trace

Labeling of the

level axis

Labeling of

the x-axis

Battery charge status

indicator

Grid

Trace

Input field

Softkeys

Screen Layout R&S FSH

1309.6275.12 3.2 E-2

Screen layout when the marker mode is selected

Submenu

Available

softkeys

Activated

softkey

Selected item

Display of

marker values

Marker

Deltamarker

The colour of the softkey labelling and its background indicate the status of the softkey function in
question:

Softkey color Meaning

Gray background, white labeling Softkey function is turned off

Gray background, gray labeling In the current setting, this softkey function is not available

Green background Softkey function is turned on

Red background Softkey function has been activated for value entry or selecting a menu

function

R&S FSH Entering Measurement Parameters

1309.6275.12 3.3 E2

Entering Measurement Parameters

Settings and texts are entered either by directly calling the functions or by entering values, units or texts
separately. The R&S FSH has a variety of operating modes.

Alpha-numeric

keypad

BACK key

ENTER keyCANCEL key

Cursor keys

Unit keys

Rotary knob

ENTER key

Entering values and texts

Values are entered using the number keys (0 to 9), the decimal point key (.) and the minus key (-) in the
alphanumeric keypad. The alphanumeric keypad is also used to enter letters, e.g. file names for data
sets. If the R&S FSH is expecting a letter entry, it automatically assigns the letters above the keys to the
keys in the alphanumeric keypad. The keys have multiple assignments. The letter you want is obtained
by pressing the key the appropriate number of times. The key assignments are listed below:

Key 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

1

1

2

a b c 2 A B C

3

d e f 3 D E F

4

g h i 4 G H I

5

j k l 5 J K L

6

m n o 6 M N O

7

p q r s 7 P Q R S

8

t u v 8 T U V

9

w x y z 9 W X Y Z

-

-

0

0 leer _

.

.

You can delete any letter or digit you have entered with the BACK key. Pressing the BACK key deletes
the last keystroke that has been entered. Complete entries can be cancelled with the CANCEL key.

Values can also be entered with the rotary knob or the cursor keys. The entry is changed in steps and
the R&S FSH immediately sets the appropriate entry parameter.

R&S FSH

1309.6275.12 3.4 E-2

Entering units

T

o enter a unit for a value entry, terminate the entry with a unit key. Use the unit keys down the right­hand side of the alphanumeric keypad. These keys have multiple assignments which depend on the
unit entry expected by the R&S FSH.

GHz, -dBm, V, s

MHz, dBm, dBmV, mV, ms

kHz, dBHV, HV, Hs

kHz

The relative unit dB can be entered with any of the unit keys.

R&S FSH Menu Overview

1309.6275.12 3.5 E2

Menu Overview

Softkeys available for all measurement modes

User settings

USER

User

Pref 1

User

Pref 2

User

Pref 3

User

Pref 4

User

Pref 5

User

Pref 6

File management

SAVE Save Recall

Save

Sort /
Show

Internal /
SD-Card

Exit

View Recall

Sort /
Show

Internal /
SD-Card

Exit

Tables

View Select Sort / Show

Internal

SD-Card

Exit

Sort on Name

Sort on Date / Time

Sort on Size

Show Compatible

Show all Files

Menu Overview R&S FSH

1309.6275.12 3.6 E-2

General settings

SETUP

Measure

Setup

Instrument

Setup

User

Preference

H

W / SW

Info

Installed

Options

Exit

Date/Time: Current Date / Time
Display:

Backlight Level
Display Color

Power:

Auto Backlight Off
Auto Power Down
Power Source
Accessory
BNC1 Mode
BNC2 Mode

Hardware:

MAC Adress
DHCP
IP Adress
Subnet Mask

Hardware:

PincodeSecurity:
Language
Date Format
Length Unit

Reset: Memory

Instrument

Mode:

Instrument Mode
Measurement

Frequency:

Frequency Reference
Center Frequency
Frequency Offset
Span
Reference Level
Reference Offset
RF Attenuator
Preamplifier
RF Input Impedance

Level:

Bandwidth: Resolution Bandwidth

Video Bandwidth

S

weep:

S

weeptime

Trigger:

Trigger Mode
Trigger Level
Trigger Delay

Trace:

Trace Mode
Trace Math
Detector

Transducer:

Primary Transducer
Secondary Transducer

Selection of the measurement mode

MODE Spectrum

Network

Analyzer

Distance

to Fault

Power
Meter

R&S FSH Menu Overview

1309.6275.12 3.7 E2

Softkeys of the spectrum analyzer mode

Frequency entry

FREQ

CF

Stepsize

Start
Freq

Stop

Freq

Freq

Offset

0.1 x Span
Manual…

=Center

Freq

Mode

Center

Freq

Frequency

Channel

Vision Carrier

8VSB Pilot

Sideband: Upper

Frequency span

SPAN

Manual

Span

Full

Span

Zero

Span

Last

Span

Level settings

AMPT

Ref

Level

Range /
Ref Pos

Unit

Ref

Offset

RF Att /

Amp / Imp

100 dB

50 dB
20 dB
10 dB

5 dB
2 dB
1 dB

Linear 0-100%

dBm
dBmV
dBHV

V

W
dBHV/m
dBHA/m

V/m

W/m²

50 O
75 O RAM
75

O RAZ

75

O FSH-Z38

Trans
ducer

Select Primary Transducer

Select Secondary Transducer

Primary Transducer

Secondary Transducer

RF Attenuation

Man: 0 dB

Auto Low Distortion

Auto Low Noise
RF Preamplifier

Preamp On
Preamp Off

RF Impedance

Scale Adjust

Ref Position: 10...

Bandwidth settings

Manual

RBW

BW

Auto

RBW

Manual

VBW

Auto

VBW

Menu Overview R&S FSH

1309.6275.12 3.8 E-2

Sweep

SWEEP

Manual

SWP Time

Auto

SWP Time

Cont

Sweep

Single
Sweep

Trigger

Free Run

Trace Video: 50%

External Rise

External Fall

Trigger Delay: 0 s

Trace settings

TRACE

Trace
Mode

Detector

Select

Trace 1 2

Trace >

Memory

Trace 1
Trace 2

Split Screen

Clear / Write

Average: 10...

Min Hold

Max Hold

Show

Auto Peak
Max Peak

Min Peak

Sample

RMS

Trace

Math

Off
Trace - Memory
Memory - Trace

View Auto Detector

Memory 1
Memory 2

Limit lines

LINES

Limits

On / Off

Upper

Limit

Lower

Limit

Limit

Options

Display

Line

Select Upper Limit

Unselect Limit

Audio Beep

Select Lower Limit

Unselect Limit

Measurement functions

MEAS

Measure

Spectrum

Channel Power

Occupied BW

TDMA Power

R&S FSH Menu Overview

1309.6275.12 3.9 E2

Channel power

Measure Standard

Level

Adjust

Channel

BW

Power Unit

Power

Display

Clear/Write

Max Hold

dBm

dBmV

dBHV

V

W
dbHV/m
dBHA/m

V/m

W/m²

Channel

Power

View Select

Short/

Show

Internal/

SD-Card

Exit

Sort on Name

Sort on Date/Time

Sort on Size

Show Compatible

Show All Files

Occupied Bandwidth

Measure Standard

Level

Adjust

Channel

BW

% Power

BW

Occupied

BW

View Select

Short/

Show

Internal/

SD-Card

Exit

Sort on Name

Sort on Date/Time

Sort on Size

Show Compatible

Show All Files

TDMA Power

Measure Standard

Level

Adjust

Manual

SWP Time

Burst

Length

TDMA
Power

View

Select

Short/

Show

Internal/

SD-Card

Exit

Sort on Name

Sort on Date/Time

Sort on Size

Show Compatible

Show All Files

Menu Overview R&S FSH

1309.6275.12 3.10 E-2

Marker

MARKER

Marker

Type

Delete

Marker

Select

Marker

Marker

Function

View

List

New

Marker

M

arker Mode

Noise

Frequency Count

Marker Display

Frequency

Channel

Marker Demodulation

Off

AM

FM
Time: 500 ms
Volume: 30%

Delete Selected
Delete All Delta

Delete All

Marker position

MKR ->

Set to

Next Peak

Set to

Minimum

Select

Marker

Center=Mkr

Level=Mkr

Search

Limits

Set to

Peak

Center + Level = Marker

Center = Marker Freq

Level = Marker Level

Selected Marker

All Markers

Search Limits On / Off

Lower Limit: 0 Hz

Upper Limit: 8 GHz

R&S FSH Menu Overview

1309.6275.12 3.11 E2

Softkeys of the network analyzer mode

Frequency entry

FREQ

CF

Stepsize

Start
Freq

Stop

Freq

Freq

Offset

0.1 x Span
Manual…

=Center

Center

Freq

Frequency span

SPAN

Manual

Span

Full

Span

Zero

Span

Last

Span

Level settings

AMPT

Ref

Level

Range Unit RefPos

RF Att /

Amp / Imp

100 dB

50 dB
20 dB
10 dB

5 dB
2 dB
1 dB

Linear 0-100%

rho

mrho

50 O

75 O RAM

75

O RAZ

75

O FSH-Z38

TG Output

Attenuation

RF Attenuation

Man: 20 dB

Auto Low Distortion

Auto Low Noise
RF Preamplifier

Preamp On
Preamp Off

RF Impedance

Scale Adjust

Bandwidth settings

Manual

RBW

BW

Auto

RBW

Manual

VBW

Auto

VBW

Sweep

SWEEP

Manual

SWP Time

Auto

SWP Time

Cont

Sweep

Single
Sweep

Trigger

Free Run

External Rise

External Fall

Trigger Delay: 0 s

Menu Overview R&S FSH

1309.6275.12 3.12 E-2

Trace settings

TRACE

Trace
Mode

Detector

Select

Trace 1 2

Trace >
Memory

Clear / Write

Average: 10...

M

in Hold

Max Hold

Show

A

uto Peak

Max Peak

M

in Peak

S

ample
RMS

Trace

Math

Off
Trace - Memory
Memory - Trace

V

iew

A

uto Detector

Memory 1
Memory 2

Limit lines

LINES

Limits

On / Off

Upper

Limit

Lower

Limit

Limit

Options

Display

Line

Select Upper Limit

Unselect Limit

Audio Beep

Select Lower Limit

Unselect Limit

Measurement functions

MEAS

Calibrate

Result

Display

Format

Select

Trace

Option

Meas
Mode

Scalar
Vector

Normalize Full Two-Port

Magnitude

Phase

Magnitude + Phase

VSWR

Reflection Coefficient

Smith Chart

Cable Loss

Group Delay

Calkit

Normalize Reflection Port 1 (Short)

Normalize Transmission Fwd (Port 1 ->2)

Normalize Transmission Rev (Port 2 ->1)

Normalize Reflection Port 2 (Short)

User Calibration OFF

Restore Calibration Settings

Reflection Port 1

Transmission Fwd (Port 1->2)

Transmission Rev (Port 2->1)

Reflection Port 2

FSH Calkit
User Calkit

User Short
User Open

Rename User

Offset Length

R&S FSH Menu Overview

1309.6275.12 3.13 E2

Marker

MARKER

Marker

Type

Delete

Marker

Select

Marker

View

List

New

Marker

Delete Selected
Delete All Delta

Delete All

Marker position

MKR ->

Set to

Next Peak

Set to

Minimum

Select

Marker

Center=Mkr

Level=Mkr

Search

Limits

Set to

Peak

Center + Level = Marker

Center = Marker Freq

Level = Marker Level

Selected Marker

All Markers

Search Limits On / Off

Lower Limit: 0 Hz

Upper Limit: 8 GHz

Menu Overview R&S FSH

1309.6275.12 3.14 E-2

Softkeys of the Distance to Fault mode

Frequency entry

FREQ

CF

Stepsize

Start
Freq

Stop

Freq

0.1 x Span
Manual…

=Center

Center

Freq

Frequency span

DTF Span

SPAN

Manual

Span

Auto

Span

Reflection and Spectrum Span

SPAN

Manual

Span

Full

Span

Level settings

AMPT

Ref

Level

Range Unit RefPos

RF Att /

Amp / Imp

100 dB

50 dB
20 dB
10 dB

5 dB
2 dB
1 dB

Linear 0-100%

dBm

dBmV

dBHV

V

W

50 O

75 O RAM

75

O RAZ

75

O FSH-Z38

TG Output

Attenuation

RF Attenuation

Man: -30 dB

Auto Low Distortion

Auto Low Noise

RF Impedance

Scale Adjust

Bandwidth settings

Manual

RBW

BW

Auto

RBW

Sweep

SWEEP

Manual

SWP Time

Auto

SWP Time

Cont

Sweep

Single
Sweep

R&S FSH Menu Overview

1309.6275.12 3.15 E2

Trace settings

TRACE

Trace
Mode

Detector

Trace >

Memory

Clear / Write

Average: 10...

Min Hold

Max Hold

S

how

Auto Peak
Max Peak

Min Peak

Sample

RMS

View Auto Detector

Memory

Measurement functions

MEAS

Calibrate Format

Cable

Model

Cable

Length

View

DTF List

Meas
Mode

DTF

Reflection

Spectrum

DTF Only

DTF + Reflection

Magnitude

VSWR

Reflection Coefficient

View Select

Sort /
Show

Internal

SD-Card

Exit

Threshold Exit

Marker

MARKER

Marker

Type

Delete

Marker

Select

Marker

Marker

Mode

View

List

New

Marker

Zoom In

Zoom Off

Delete Selected
Delete All Delta

Delete All

Marker position

MKR ->

Set to

Next Peak

Set to

Minimum

Select

Marker

Search

Limits

Set to

Peak

Menu Overview R&S FSH

1309.6275.12 3.16 E-2

Softkeys of the Power Meter mode

Frequency entry

FREQ

Freq

Level settings

AMPT Unit Ref Offset

Sweep

SWEEP Meas Time

Measurement functions

Power Meter Mode:

MEAS

Freq Unit Zero -> Ref Meas Time

dBm

W

dB Rel...

Directional Power Meter Mode:

MEAS

Freq Unit Zero -> Ref Standard

Fwrd Pwr

Display

Forward Power

dBm

W

dB Rel...

Reflected Power

dBm

W

VSWR

dB (Return Loss)

R&S FSH Instrument Default Setup

1309.6275.12 4.1 E-2

4 Instrument Functions

Instrument Default Setup

When you press the PRESET key, the R&S FSH is set to its default setup or presets. It is best to select
the PRESET when you are going to perform a new measurement task. The new settings can then be
made on the basis of the more familiar default setup without the old settings affecting the measurement.

Operating sequence:

 Press the PRESET key (green key below and to the right of the rotary knob).

The R&S FSH is immediately set to the default setup.

Setting the Frequency

The R&S FSH's frequency is set with the FREQ key. The frequency can be specified in terms of the
center frequency (center freq. = frequency at the center of the frequency axis in the measurement
diagram) or the start and stop frequency for a particular span.

It is best to enter the center frequency when a signal is to be measured at a known frequency. When
you are investigating signals, e.g. harmonics, that are within a particular frequency range, the best
option is entering a start and stop frequency to define the span.

Setting the Frequency R&S FSH

1309.6275.12 4.2 E-2

Entering the center frequency

 Press the FREQ key.

The R&S FSH opens the frequency menu. Center frequency entry is always activated, so that the
frequency settings can be made with the minimum number of keystrokes. The current center frequency
is displayed in the value entry box. A new center frequency can be entered directly from the numeric
keypad. You can also use the rotary knob or the cursor keys.

 Enter the frequency you want from the numeric

keypad and terminate the frequency entry with the
appropriate unit (GHz, MHz, kHz or Hz).

The frequency you have entered now becomes the
new center frequency. The value entry box remains
open for any further entries.

 As an alternative, you can change the center

frequency with the rotary knob or the cursor keys
and terminate the entry with the ENTER key.

 You can clear the value entry box from the screen

by pressing the CANCEL key.

The smallest step for adjusting the center frequency with the rotary knob is a pixel, in other words, as
the trace comprises about 631 pixels, each step is equal to about 1/630 of the span. When you use the
cursor keys, a frequency step is equal to 10 % of the span (= 1 grid division). If you want to use a
different step size, you can define it with the CF STEPSIZE function (CF = center frequency).

When you are adjusting the center frequency, you may obtain a value that is outside the R&S FSH’s
maximum span. If this happens, the R&S FSH automatically reduces the span.

Setting a frequency offset

For measurements on frequency converters such as satellite downconverters, it is often convenient to
reference the results to the frequency prior to conversion. For this purpose, the R&S FSH offers a
frequency offset, which arithmetically shifts the center frequency to higher or lower frequencies; thus,
the R&S FSH displays the input frequency of the DUT.

Positive frequency offset is possible in the 1 Hz to 100 GHz range, in 1 Hz steps. The size of the
negative frequency offset permitted depends on the start frequency setting; the start frequency, taking
into account the frequency offset, is always  0 Hz.

 Press the FREQ key.

 Press the FREQ OFFSET softkey.

The R&S FSH opens the frequency offset entry field.

 Enter the required frequency offset and terminate

with the corresponding unit.

The R&S FSH adds the frequency offset to the set
center frequency. The center frequency display is
marked by a red dot to indicate that a frequency offset
has been set.

The frequency offset can be reversed if an offset of
0 Hz is entered.

R&S FSH Setting the Frequency

1309.6275.12 4.3 E-2

Entering the center-frequency step size

 Press the CF STEPSIZE key.

A submenu above the softkey label opens. The box contains various step size setting options.

With 0.1 x SPAN

(default setting), the step size is
equal to 10 % of the span (= 1 division on the vertical
scale).

With = CENTER,

the step size is equal to center
frequency. This setting is ideal for measurements on
harmonics. On each frequency increment, the center
frequency moves to the next harmonic.

With MANUAL...

you can select any step size. This
makes it easy to investigate spectra with frequencies
at constant intervals.

 Make the selection you want with the rotary knob

or the cursor keys and terminate with the ENTER
key.

If you select "0.1 x SPAN" or "= CENTER", the R&S FSH makes the setting directly itself. If you select
"MANUAL...", the value entry box opens and indicates the current step size.

 Using the rotary knob, the cursor keys or numeric entry, change the step size.

 When you have entered the step size you want, confirm by pressing the ENTER key or by pressing

the CF STEPSIZE softkey.

Entering the start and stop frequency

 Press the START FREQ softkey.

The value entry box for the start frequency opens. The box displays the current frequency.

 Enter a new start frequency with the number keys and terminate the entry with one of the unit keys

or

 Adjust the start frequency with the rotary knob or the cursor keys and terminate the entry with the

ENTER key.

The R&S FSH sets the new start frequency. The x axis labelling changes from CENTER and SPAN to
START and STOP.

 Press the STOP FREQ softkey.

The R&S FSH opens the value entry box for the stop frequency. The box indicates the current
frequency.

 Enter a new stop frequency using the number keys and terminate the entry with one of the unit

keys, or

 Adjust the stop frequency with the rotary knob or the cursor keys and terminate the entry with the

ENTER key.

The new stop frequency is now set on the R&S FSH.

Setting the Frequency R&S FSH

1309.6275.12 4.4 E-2

If you enter a stop frequency on the R&S FSH which exceeds the maximum stop frequency of the
i

nstrument model, the R&S FSH will set the stop frequency to the maximum permissable stop
frequency. If you reach this frequency limit with the rotary knob or the cursor keys, the R&S FSH will
ignore any further rotary ticks or cursor steps.

Working with channel tables

Almost all transmission systems divide their assigned frequency ranges into channels, with a specific
frequency assigned to each channel. The R&S FSH therefore allows users to define channel
assignments using familiar terms to keep operation simple.
Channel tables are defined with the R&S FSH4View software and loaded into the spectrum analyzer.
The R&S FSH can store more than 100 different channel tables which can be activated from the front
panel as required. The maximum number of channel tables may be reduced if transducer factors, cable
models, limit values or data sets are stored simultaneously (see "Saving and Loading Instrument
Settings and Measurement Results" in this chapter)

The R&S FSH4View software operating manual describes how to generate channel tables.

Switching to channel entry:

 Press the FREQ key.

 Press the FREQ MODE softkey.

 Select CHANNEL from the menu with the rotary

knob or the cursor keys and confirm with the ENTER
key.

The R&S FSH opens the list of channel tables loaded
via R&S FSH4View.

 Select the desired channel table with the rotary knob

or the cursor keys and switch it on with the SELECT
softkey.

If necessary the table entries can be sorted using

softkey SORT/SHOW according to their

names/date/size. In addition table entries, which are
incompatible with the current instrument settings,
can be blanked out.

The channel number together with the name of the
selected channel (e.g. GSM UL Ch: 1) is now
displayed instead of the center frequency. The
FREQUENCY softkey is now called CHANNEL.

The R&S FSH center frequency is the frequency corresponding to the displayed channel number from
the channel table. The R&S FSH accepts only channel numbers when entering the center frequency.
Tuning the frequency with the rotary knob or the cursor keys is also done using channel numbers. All
other measurement parameters such as SPAN or RBW (resolution bandwidth) are user-selectable as
with the entry of frequencies.
The entries for the start frequency (START FREQ) and the stop frequency (STOP FREQ) are inactive
when defining channels.

R&S FSH Setting the Span

1309.6275.12 4.5 E-2

Channel numbers are assigned to frequencies as follows:

- The first channel is assigned a channel number and a frequency.

- All subsequent channels have ascending numbers.

- The frequency spacing between channels is fixed. It can also be negative, i.e. the center frequency

of the R&S FSH decreases with ascending channel number.

- In transmission systems containing gaps in the frequency range (as in the case of television, for

example), a channel table can comprise multiple ranges.

Setting the Span

The span is the frequency range centered on the center frequency which a spectrum analyzer displays
on the screen. What span should be selected for a particular measurement depends on the signal to be
investigated. A rule of thumb is that it should be at least twice the bandwidth occupied by the signal.

For frequency domain measurement the R&S FSH4 has a minimum span of 100 Hz and a maximum
span of 3.6 GHz. Using the span 0 Hz measurement is performed in time domain. The maximum span
is 8 GHz with the R&S FSH8.

Operating sequence:

 Press the SPAN key.

When the SPAN key is pressed, the R&S FSH
automatically activates the MANUAL SPAN softkey
and indicates the current value so that a new span can
be entered immediately. If another function in the
SPAN menu has been used beforehand, press the
MANUAL SPAN softkey to enter the span.
 Enter a new span with the number keys and

terminate the entry with the appropriate unit (GHz,
MHz, kHz or Hz), or

 Change the span with the rotary knob or the cursor

keys. The span is set immediately after the change
is made.

 The value entry box can be cleared from the

screen with the CANCEL key.

Use the FULL SPAN softkey to select the maximum span with a single keystroke.
 Press the FULL SPAN key.

The R&S FSH displays the spectrum over the full span which extends to 3.6 GHz or to 8 GHz.
(CENTER = 1.8 GHz, SPAN = 3.6 GHz, CENTER = 4 GHz, SPAN = 8 GHz).

The R&S FSH has a LAST SPAN softkey so that you can toggle between span settings with just one
keystroke.
 Press the LAST SPAN key.

The span that was set immediately before the current span is restored.

The ZERO SPAN softkey sets the span to 0 Hz. The R&S FSH measures the signal level only at the
center frequency that has been set. As a spectrum cannot be displayed when measurements are made
at a single frequency, the display mode switches to the time domain. The x axis of the measurement
diagram becomes the time axis and level is plotted against time. The display always starts at 0 s and
stops after the sweep time that has been set (set with the SWEEP key, see also "Setting the Sweep").

Setting the Amplitude Parameters R&S FSH

1309.6275.12 4.6 E-2

Setting the Amplitude Parameters

All R&S FSH settings referred to the level display are made with the AMPT key.

The reference level (REF) is the level represented by the uppermost grid line in the measurement
diagram. The input signal gain up to the display stage is set with the reference level. If the reference
level is low, the gain is high, which means that even weak signals are clearly displayed. If the input
signals are strong, a high reference level must be set to prevent the analyzer signal path from being
overdriven and to keep the signal display within the display range. When displaying the spectrum of a
composite signal, the reference level should be at least high enough to ensure that all the signals are
within the measurement diagram.

The RF attenuation setting at the input of the R&S FSH is directly coupled to the reference level. If the
reference level is high, RF attenuation is switched on in steps of 10 dB according to the following table
so that the input mixer always remains in the linear range.

The R&S FSH has two different modes for the attenuation setting. The modes are selected using the
RF ATT / AMP / IMP softkey. In Auto Low Distortion mode, the R&S FSH sets the RF attenuation 10 dB
higher in line with the table, making the stress of the input mixer 10 dB less at the specified reference
level. If the spectrum is densely occupied with signals, as occurs in a television cable network, the input
mixer reduces the R&S FSH's inherent spurious products. However, the inherent noise display of the
R&S FSH increases due to the increased attenuation in front of the input mixer.

In Auto Low Noise mode, the R&S FSH sets the RF attenuation 10 dB lower. This increases the
sensitivity of the R&S FSH, which means that the inherent noise display decreases due to the lower
attenuation in front of the input mixer.

Preamplifier

OFF

Preamplifier

ON

Reference Level

RF attenuation RF attenuation

Low Noise Low Distortion Low Noise Low Distortion

 -30 dBm

0 dB 0 dB 0 dB 0 dB

-29 bis -25 dBm 0 dB 0 dB 0 dB 5 dB

-24 bis -20 dBm 0 dB 0 dB 0 dB 10 dB

-19 bis -15 dBm 0 dB 5 dB 5 dB 15 dB

-14 bis -10 dBm 0 dB 10 dB 10 dB 20 dB

-9 bis -5 dBm 5 dB 15 dB 15 dB 25 dB

-4 bis 0 dBm 10 dB 20 dB 20 dB 30 dB

1 bis 5 dBm 15 dB 25 dB 25 dB 35 dB

6 bis 10 dBm 20 dB 30 dB 30 dB 40 dB

11 bis 15 dBm 25 dB 35 dB 35 dB 40 dB

16 bis 20 dBm 30 dB 40 dB 40 dB 40 dB

21 bis 25 dBm 35 dB 40 dB 40 dB 40 dB

26 bis 30 dBm 40 dB 40 dB 40 dB 40 dB

The status of the RF attenuation and the preamplifier can be queried in the Status menu (press the
STATUS key).

R&S FSH Setting the Amplitude Parameters

1309.6275.12 4.7 E-2

The reference level is in dBm for the default setting. However, the units dBmV, dBKV, Watt and Volt can
a

lso be selected. Unit selection is of most relevance to the marker level display as the marker level is

displayed in the unit of the reference level.

A reference offset (REF OFFSET) can be defined for the reference level. The reference offset is a way
o

f increasing the reference level by a certain amount. This is useful if, for example, an attenuator or
amplifier has been inserted before the RF input. The R&S FSH automatically takes the loss or gain into
account when the level is displayed and no manual calculations are necessary. A loss introduced at the
RF input must be entered as a positive number and a gain as a negative number.

The measurement range (RANGE) determines the resolution along the level axis in the measurement
diagram. When the PRESET or default setting has been selected, the level axis is scaled in dB. The
measurement range is 100 dB or 10 dB per division (10 dB/DIV). The R&S FSH also provides the level
ranges 50 dB (5 dB/DIV), 20 dB (2 dB/DIV), 10 dB (1 dB/DIV) and 1 dB (0.1 dB/DIV), which enhance
the resolution along the level axis. However, increasing resolution does not increase the accuracy of,
for example, the marker level readout, but only makes it easier to read values off the trace. You can
also select a linear level scale with LIN 0-100 %. The level is expressed as a percentage (0 % to
100 %) of the reference level. This mode is useful if you want to display, for example, a carrier being
amplitude modulated in the time domain (SPAN = 0 Hz).

The R&S FSH can also handle measurements on 75  systems. The R&S FSH does not select a
75  RF input per se, but instead only a 75  matching pad connected at the RF input. The
50/75  Matching Pad R&S RAZ is recommended for 75  matching (see recommended accessories).
The R&S FSH automatically considers the conversion factor when a value of 75  is set. Other
matching pads such as the R&S RAM or R&S FSH-Z38 can be taken into account by using a
transducer factor (included with the R&S FSH4View control software).

Setting the reference level

 Press the AMPT key.

The reference level entry is activated immediately. The
REF LEVEL softkey label is highlighted in red.

 Enter a reference level with the number keys and

either terminate the entry with one of the unit keys
(-dBm or dBm for relative measurements or (), m,
K, n for absolute measurements) or press the
ENTER key, or

 Adjust the reference level with the rotary knob or

the cursor keys.

Any changes you make to the reference level with the
rotary knob or the cursor keys are immediate. The
trace moves as changes to the reference level are
made.

 When the reference level you want has been set,

you can remove the value entry box from the
screen by pressing the CANCEL key.

Setting the Amplitude Parameters R&S FSH

1309.6275.12 4.8 E-2

Entering the display range

 Press the AMPT key.

 Press the RANGE/REF POS softkey.

A submenu opens. The various options for scaling the
level axis are displayed.

 Using the rotary knob or the cursor keys, select the

scaling option you want and confirm by pressing
the ENTER key.

The scaling option you have chosen is immediately set
on the R&S FSH.

Selecting the menu item REF POSITION: 10 moves
the position of the trace to another line on the diagram.
This lets you display signals in full which would
normally overlap with the top of the diagram.

 Press the RANGE/REF POS .

 Using the rotary knob or the cursor keys, select REF

POSITION: 10 and confirm with the ENTER key.

 Using the rotary knob, the cursor keys or the

numeric keys, select the desired grid line. The value
10 corresponds with the upper grid line, the value 0
corresponds with the lowest grid line.

The position of the reference level is marked by a
triangle on the selected grid line.

R&S FSH Setting the Amplitude Parameters

1309.6275.12 4.9 E-2

Entering the display unit

 Press the AMPT key.

 Press the UNIT softkey.

A submenu opens. The various unit options for the
reference level are displayed.

 Using the rotary knob or the cursor keys, select the

unit you want and confirm by pressing the ENTER
key.

The reference level unit is immediately set on the
R&S FSH.

Entering the reference offset

 Press the AMPT key.

 Press the REF OFFSET softkey.

 Using the number keys, enter a reference offset and terminate the entry with one of the unit keys or

the ENTER key, or

 Change the reference level using the rotary knob or the cursor keys.

The reference offset unit is always dB – no matter what unit is used for the reference level.

To indicate that a non-zero reference offset has been
set, a red circle is placed before the reference level
readout.

Entering of the RF-Attenuation

 Press the AMPT key.

 Press the RF ATT / AMP / IMP softkey.

The R&S FSH opens a sub-menu, in which
RF ATTENUATION, RF PREAMPLIFIER and
RF IMPEDANCE can be selected.

The HF attenuation can be preset at your discretion to
between 0 dB and 40 dB in 5 dB steps ("Man:" entry),
or set automatically to low sensitivity to interfering
signals ("Auto Low Distortion" setting) or to high input
sensitivity ("Auto Low Noise" setting).

 Using the rotary knob or the cursor keys, select the

desired entry and confirm with the ENTER key.

Note: If the item 'Man:' is selected, a red dot is

displayed in front of the RF attenuation
output field ('Att.').

Setting the Amplitude Parameters R&S FSH

1309.6275.12 4.10 E-2

Entering the RF preamplification

T

o increase the input sensitivity of the R&S FSH, the device has an integrated 20 dB preamplifier
upstream of the input mixer. This is switched off in the default state and can be switched on for
measuring low power signals.

 Press the AMPT key.

 Press the RF ATT / AMP / IMP softkey.

The R&S FSH opens a sub-menu, to select RF
ATTENUATION, RF PREAMPLIFIER and
RF IMPEDANCE.

 Using the rotary knob or the cursor keys to select

PREAMP ON or PREAMP OFF and confirm with the
ENTER key.

Entering the input impedance

 Press the AMPT key.

 Press the RF ATT / AMP / IMP softkey.

A submenu opens. The two input impedance options
“50 ” and “75 ” are displayed.

 Select the input impedance you want using the

rotary knob or the cursor keys and confirm by
pressing the ENTER key.

Note: If you have selected 75



, and do not

connect a matching pad to the RF input,

incorrect level readings will be obtained.

Selecting a transducer factor

In many cases, the R&S FSH is not connected directly with the output of the device under test, but the
input signal is fed to the device via a cable, amplifiers or antennas, or a combination of these.
The R&S FSH can account for the frequency shifts of up to 2 connecting components in the measured
results. For this purpose, so-called transducer factors have been defined. These can be loaded into the
device with the R&S FSH4View software. Each transducer factor consists of a list of frequency/level
pairs, which describe the frequency shift of the measuring accessory. For antennas, the unit of the
measured electrical or magnetic field strength is included, for isotropic antennas in each case the
frequency stage for the x-, y- and z-directions.
You can enable two inputs (Primary/ Secondary Transducer) from the list of transducer factors loaded
in the instrument, so that, for example, the device can take a cable and antenna or cable and amplifier
combination into account. Note that only one of the two transducers selected can have a unit differing
from “dB”.

R&S FSH Setting the Amplitude Parameters

1309.6275.12 4.11 E-2

 Press the AMPT key.

 Press the TRANSDUCER softkey.

The R&S FSH opens a submenu to select the primary
and secondary transducer factors.

 Using the rotary knob or the cursor keys, select the

menu item SELECT PRIMARY TRANSDUCER and
confirm with the ENTER key.

The list of factors available as primary transducer
factor opens.

 Using the rotary knob or the cursor keys, select the

transducer factor and confirm the selection with the
SELECT softkey.

The selected transducer factor will then be displayed in
addition the entry field of the reference level.

 To select another transducer factor, use the menu

entry SELECT SECONDARY TRANSDUCER and
proceed as described above.

To switch off a selected transducer factor, proceed as
follows:

 Press the AMPT key.

 Press the TRANSDUCER softkey.

The R&S FSH opens a sub-menu, in which you can
select primary and secondary transducer factors.

 In the submenu select PRIMARY TRANSDUCER or

SECONDARY TRANSDUCER with the rotary knob
and confirm the selection with the ENTER key.

The transducer factor will then no longer be included in
the level display.

Setting the Bandwidths R&S FSH

1309.6275.12 4.12 E-2

Setting the Bandwidths

A key feature of a spectrum analyzer is that it can display the frequency spectrum of a signal. The
resolution bandwidth determines how well a spectrum analyzer can separate adjacent frequencies.
Spectrum analyzers usually also have switchable video bandwidths. The video bandwidth is determined
by the cutoff frequency of the lowpass used to filter the video voltage before it is displayed. The video
voltage is the spectrum analyzer term for the voltage produced when the IF signal which has been
band-limited by the resolution filter is envelope detected. The video voltage is smoothed by video
filtering to, say, reduce noise on the trace. Unlike the resolution bandwidth, the video bandwidth has no
effect on the resolving power of the spectrum analyzer.

Resolution bandwidth

The resolution bandwidth (RES BW) of a spectrum analyzer determines the frequency resolution of
spectrum measurements. A sine signal is displayed on the screen "through" the passband of the
selected resolution filter. Therefore, a suitably small resolution bandwidth is required if two or more
signals whose frequencies are close together are to be displayed separately. The frequency difference
between two sinusoidal carriers, for example, cannot be less than the selected resolution bandwidth if
the carriers are to be resolved. Which resolution bandwidth is selected also has an effect on the noise
displayed by the spectrum analyzer. If the bandwidth is small, the noise displayed drops. If the
bandwidth is reduced or increased by a factor of 3, the noise displayed drops or goes up by 5 dB. If the
bandwidth is changed by a factor of 10, the displayed noise changes by 10 dB. Which resolution
bandwidth is selected also has an effect on the sweep speed. If the true spectrum is to be displayed,
the bandfilters that determine the resolution bandwidth must settle at all frequencies of interest. Narrow
bandfilters take longer to settle than wide filters. This is why a longer sweep time must be selected for
narrow resolution bandwidths. If the bandwidth is reduced by a factor of 3 (e.g. from 10 kHz to 3 kHz),
the sweep time must be increased by a factor of 9. If the reduction factor is 10 (e.g. from 10 kHz to
1 kHz) the sweep time must be increased by a factor of 100.

The R&S FSH has resolution bandwidths from 100 Hz to 3 MHz in a 1, 3, 10 sequence. When the
default setting is selected, they are coupled to the span, i.e. if the span is reduced, a smaller resolution
bandwidth is automatically set. This means that in many cases the resolution bandwidth does not have
to be set separately – a higher frequency resolution is automatically set when the span is reduced.

All models offer a 200 kHz resolution bandwidth in addition. This bandwidth has to be selected
manually, i.e. it will not be activated automatically in the AUTO RES BW mode (resolution bandwidth
coupled to span).

Operating sequence:

 Press the BW key.

The menu for setting the bandwidth opens. If the
default setting is activated, the softkey label for
automatically setting the bandwidth is highlighted in
green.

 Press the MANUAL RES BW softkey

The softkey label is highlighted in red and the value
entry box for the resolution bandwidth (RBW) indicates
the current bandwidth. To indicate that the resolution
bandwidth is not coupled to the span, a small red circle
is placed before the resolution bandwidth display on
the screen.

R&S FSH Setting the Bandwidths

1309.6275.12 4.13 E-2

 Enter the resolution bandwidth you want using the

number keys and terminate the entry with the
appropriate unit (MHz, kHz or Hz), or

 Change the resolution bandwidth to the value you

want using the rotary knob or the cursor keys.

Note: The 200 kHz resolution bandwidth has to be entered by means of the number keys.

When using the rotary knob or the cursor keys, the 200 kHz bandwidth will be skipped.

The box for entering the resolution bandwidth can be closed by pressing the CANCEL key.

 Press the AUTO RES BW softkey.

The resolution bandwidth is coupled to the span that has been set. The AUTO RES BW softkey label is
highlighted in green to show that the coupled mode has been selected. The red circle in front of the
RBW readout disappears.

Video bandwidth

The video bandwidth smoothes the trace by reducing noise. When the filtered IF signal is envelope­detected, an IF sine signal becomes a DC voltage in the video signal. If the sine signal is amplitude­modulated, a signal whose frequency is the same as the AM frequency is produced in the video signal
apart from the DC voltage from the carrier. The Fig. below shows an RF signal modulated with a sine
signal and the corresponding video signal in the time domain.

AM RF signal

IF signal

Envelope signal

(video voltage)

DC voltage

from carrier

AC voltage

from modulation

Time

Time

Amplitude

Amplitude

The envelope signal contains a DC component corresponding to the carrier level and an AC component
whose frequency is the same as the AM frequency. If the bandwidth of the video filter is less than the
frequency of the AC component, the latter will be suppressed depending on its maximum frequency. If
the AM component is to be displayed faithfully, the cutoff frequency must be greater than the
modulation frequency.

If there is noise on the sine signal, the modulation signal can be thought of as noise. If the video
bandwidth is reduced, the high-frequency noise components above the cutoff frequency of the video
filter will be rejected. The smaller the video bandwidth, the smaller the noise amplitude at the video filter
output.

Setting the Bandwidths R&S FSH

1309.6275.12 4.14 E-2

Therefore, the following rules of thumb can be applied to setting the video bandwidth:

• If you are performing measurements on modulated signals, the video bandwidth must be sufficiently

large so that desired modulation components are not rejected ( RBW).

• If signals are to be kept free of noise, the smallest video bandwidth possible should be selected

(0.1 x RBW).

• If measurements are being performed on pulsed signals, the video bandwidth should be at least

three times greater than the resolution bandwidth so that the pulse edges are not distorted.

Like the resolution bandwidth, the video bandwidth has an effect on sweep speed. The spectrum
analyzer must pause before each measurement to allow the video filter to settle.

The R&S FSH has video bandwidths from 10 Hz to 3 MHz in a 1, 3, 10 sequence. When the default
settings are selected, they are coupled to the resolution bandwidth. The video bandwidth equals the
resolution bandwidth. When the resolution bandwidth is changed, the R&S FSH automatically sets the
appropriate video bandwidth. This means that, in many cases, the video bandwidth does not need to be
set separately. When the resolution bandwidth is changed, the video bandwidth is changed
automatically.

Operating sequence:

 Press the BW key.

The menu for setting bandwidths opens. When the
default setting has been selected, the softkey label for
setting the bandwidth automatically is highlighted in
green.

 Press the MANUAL VIDEO BW softkey.

The softkey label is highlighted in red and the video
bandwidth value entry box (VBW) indicates the current
bandwidth. To indicate that the video bandwidth is not
coupled to the resolution bandwidth (RBW), a small,
red circle is placed in front of the video bandwidth
readout on the screen.

 Enter the video bandwidth you want with the

number keys and terminate the entry with the
appropriate unit (MHz, kHz or Hz), or

 Change the video bandwidth to the value you want

using the rotary knob or the cursor keys.

The video bandwidth value entry box is closed by pressing the ENTER key.

 Press the AUTO VIDEO BW softkey.

The video bandwidth is coupled to the resolution bandwidth that has been set. The AUTO VIDEO BW
softkey label is highlighted in green to indicate coupling and the red circle marking the VBW readout
disappears.

R&S FSH Setting the Sweep

1309.6275.12 4.15 E-2

Setting the Sweep

If the span is > 0, the sweep time is the time the spectrum analyzer takes to traverse the displayed span
to measure the spectrum. Certain boundary conditions must be met if a spurious spectrum is not to be
displayed.

One boundary condition is the resolution bandwidth. If the resolution filter is to settle, the dwell time
within the filter bandwidth must have the right value. If the sweep time is too short, the resolution filter
does not settle and the displayed level is too low (see also “Setting the Bandwidth”).

The second boundary condition is the selected span. If the span is increased, the sweep time must be
increased proportionally.

The R&S FSH provides automatic sweep time coupling to help users set the sweep time by coupling it
to the resolution bandwidth and span that have been set. When automatic coupling (AUTO SWEEP
TIME) is selected, it always sets the shortest sweep time possible to ensure that sine signals in the
spectrum are displayed correctly. When you quit the auto sweep time mode (MANUAL SWPTIME is
activated instead), a small, red circle is placed in front of the SWT readout to indicate that the
uncoupled mode has been selected. If the sweep time is so short that level errors occur, the R&S FSH
informs the user by displaying a red circle in the measurement diagram.

The R&S FSH requires a minimum sweep time of 20 ms per 600 MHz of span. If a larger span is set,
the R&S FSH automatically adapts the minimum sweep time in the coupled mode.

If the span = 0 Hz, the R&S FSH displays video voltage versus time instead of a spectrum. The x axis
of the measurement diagram becomes the time axis, starting at 0 s and ending at the sweep time you
have selected.

The minimum sweep time when the span = 0 Hz is 200 Ks, the maximum 100 s.

Sweep time

 Press the SWEEP key.

The softkey menu for entering sweep parameters
opens. If the default settings have been selected,
automatic coupling (AUTO SWPTIME) is set. In this
mode, the sweep time is coupled to the resolution
bandwidth, the video bandwidth and the span.

 To enter the sweep time, press the MANUAL

SWPTIME softkey.

The SWEEP value entry box opens and indicates the
current sweep time setting.

 Enter a new sweep time with the number keys and

terminate the entry with one of the unit keys, or

 Change the sweep time with the rotary knob or the

cursor keys.

Whenever a change is made, the sweep time is immediately set to its new value. The value entry box is
closed by pressing the ENTER key. The sweep time that has been set is displayed in the SWT readout
box.

Setting the Sweep R&S FSH

1309.6275.12 4.16 E-2

Sweep mode

W

hen the default settings are activated, the R&S FSH is in the continuous sweep mode, i.e. when one
sweep of the span has been completed, the sweep is automatically repeated from the start of the span.
The trace is refreshed after each sweep.

The continuous mode may not be needed for some applications, e.g. when a single event is to be
recorded on certain trigger conditions being met. The R&S FSH, therefore, has a SINGLE SWEEP
mode. When the single sweep mode is selected, the R&S FSH sweeps once over the span or displays
the time-domain video signal once in the zero-span mode. The measurement will only be repeated if
you press the SINGLE SWEEP softkey.

 Press the SWEEP key.

If the default setting is selected, the CONT SWEEP
softkey label is highlighted in green to indicate that the
continuous sweep mode has been set.

 Press the SINGLE SWEEP softkey.

The SINGLE SWEEP softkey label is highlighted in
green. The R&S FSH performs a single sweep and
waits for further entries.

 Press the CONT SWEEP softkey.

The R&S FSH now sweeps continuously again.

Trigger

To respond to events, the R&S FSH has a variety of trigger functions. The trigger can either be external
or generated internally.

• FREE RUN A new sweep starts on completion of the previous sweep. This is the

default setting for the R&S FSH.

• VIDEO A sweep starts when the video voltage exceeds a settable value.

Video triggering is only available when span = 0 Hz. When a
frequency spectrum is being displayed, (span  10 kHz), there is no
guarantee that a signal to generate a video voltage is present at the
start frequency. Under these circumstances, the R&S FSH would
never perform a sweep.

• EXTERNAL RISE and The sweep is started on the rising edge (RISE) or on the falling

EXTERNAL FALL edge (FALL) of an external trigger signal. The external trigger signal
is fed in via the BNC connector EXT TRIGGER. The switching
threshold is 1.4 V, i.e. a TTL signal level.

When a video trigger or an external trigger is selected, the start of measurement can be delayed with
respect to the trigger event by entering a delay (DELAY). In this way, time differences between the
trigger event and the measurement can be allowed for.

The current trigger setting is displayed centrally at the top of the screen
(e.g. Trig: Free Run).

R&S FSH Setting the Sweep

1309.6275.12 4.17 E-2

Operating sequence:

 Press the SWEEP key.

 Press the TRIGGER softkey.

The submenu for setting the trigger opens. If the
default setting is selected, FREE RUN is highlighted in
red. If span = 0 Hz, any setting can be selected;
otherwise the settings VIDEO... and DELAY... are in
darker labelling to show that they are not available.

 Select the setting you want with the cursor keys or

the rotary knob and terminate the entry with the
ENTER key or with the TRIGGER softkey.

The "Trig:" box at the center of the top of the screen
indicates the setting that has been selected.
If the VIDEO... trigger setting has been selected, the trigger level and any trigger delay (DELAY...) must
be entered. The trigger level is expressed as a percentage (%) of the reference level. 100 % means that
the trigger level equals the reference level, 50 % that the trigger level is in the middle of the y axis on
the measurement diagram (default setting). The position of the video trigger on the level axis is shown
by a ">".

 Change the video-trigger threshold with the cursor

keys or the rotary knob (0 to 100 %).

The trigger threshold is set immediately after entry.

 Terminate the trigger threshold entry with the

ENTER key or the TRIGGER softkey.

The value entry box is then closed.

 If a trigger delay is required, press the TRIGGER

softkey.

 Using the cursor keys or the rotary knob, select

DELAY... and confirm with the ENTER key or the
DELAY... softkey.

The delay value entry box is then opened.

 Using the number keys, the cursor keys or the

rotary knob, enter the delay and terminate the
entry with the ENTER key or the TRIGGER
softkey.

The trigger delay range is 0 Ks to 100 s. The resolution
is 10 Ks up to 1 ms and 100 Ks from 1 ms to 10 ms.

The trigger delay resolution depends on the delay selected. The table below lists the values:

Trigger delay (DELAY) Resolution

0 to 1 ms 10 Ks

1 ms to 10 ms 100 Ks

10 ms to 100 ms 1 ms

100 ms to 1 s 10 ms

1 s to 10 s 100 ms

10 s to 100 s 1 s

Trace Settings R&S FSH

1309.6275.12 4.18 E-2

Trace Settings

The R&S FSH provides two measurement traces and two reference traces in memory.

Trace mode

A variety of display modes can be selected for the trace:

• CLEAR/WRITE The R&S FSH clears the old trace during a new sweep. This is the

default setting.

• AVERAGE The R&S FSH takes the level average over consecutive traces. In

the default setting, averaging is on a pixel-by-pixel basis, sliding
over the ten previous traces. Alternatively, you can set the number
of averagings between 2 and 999. This reduces the effects of
noise, for example, but has no effect on sine signals. The average
mode, therefore, makes it easy to display sine signals in the
vicinity of noise.

• MAX HOLD The trace indicates the maximum value that has been measured

up to that point in time. The Max Hold mode is only cancelled if
another setting is selected and the trace pixels from the new
setting cannot be compared with the trace pixels from the previous
setting – for example if the span is changed. Intermittent signals in
the spectrum or the maximum of fluctuating signals are easy to
find with MAX HOLD.

• MIN HOLD The trace indicates the minimum value that has been measured up

to that point in time. The Min Hold mode is only cancelled if
another setting is selected and the trace pixels from the new
setting cannot be compared with the trace pixels from the previous
setting – for example if the span or the center frequency is
changed. With MIN HOLD, sine signals within the noise can be
highlighted or intermittent signals suppressed.

• VIEW The R&S FSH freezes the presently displayed trace. The
measurement is aborted. This, for instance, allows subsequent
evaluation of spectra with the aid of the marker.

Operating sequence:

 Press the TRACE key.

 Press the TRACE MODE softkey.

The submenu for setting the trace mode opens.

 Using the cursor keys or the rotary knob, select the

trace mode you want and confirm with the ENTER
key or the TRACE MODE softkey.

The "Trace:" display at the center of the top of the
display shows the trace mode that has been selected.

If TRACE MODE AVERAGE is selected, the AVG COUNT entry field opens, which displays the set
number of averagings.

R&S FSH Trace Settings

1309.6275.12 4.19 E-2

The following actions can be performed:

 Confirm the displayed number of averagings with

t

he TRACE softkey or the ENTER key.

 Using the numeric keypad, enter a new figure

between 2 and 999 for specifying the number of
averagings and confirm your entry with the TRACE
softkey or the ENTER key.

 Change the number of averagings by using the

rotary knob and confirm your entry with the TRACE
softkey or the ENTER key.

The R&S FSH averages the pixels of the trace across
the set number of averagings.

If the sweep is continuous, the R&S FSH then performs a sliding averaging. In the SINGLE SWEEP
mode, it performs exactly those sweeps defined with AVG COUNT and averages the traces. It then
stops the sweep and displays the averaged trace.

In the trace mode VIEW, the settings used for measuring the trace are displayed. This ensures that the
measurement conditions can be clearly specified in result documentation. In the status display
(STATUS key) it is indicated in brackets that the view mode is currently selected, e.g. Trace Mode:
Maximum Hold (View).

Detector

The detector processes a spectrum analyzer’s video voltage before it is displayed. The detector is pixel­oriented, i.e. it determines how the level at each pixel will be displayed. The R&S FSH always
measures the whole spectrum. However, the trace only has 631 pixels in the x direction for displaying
results. If a large span is selected, all the spectrum information must somehow be represented using
only 631 points. Each pixel represents a frequency range equal to span/631. Four different detectors
are available:

• AUTO PEAK When the Auto Peak detector is selected, the R&S FSH displays
the maximum and minimum level at each pixel for the frequency
range in question. This means that when Auto Peak detection is
selected no signals are lost. If the signal level fluctuates, as is the
case with noise, the width of the trace is a measure of signal
fluctuation. Auto-peak detection is the default setting.

• MAX PEAK Unlike the Auto Peak detector, the Max Peak detector only finds
the maximum value within the frequency range associated with
one trace pixel. Its use is recommended for measurements on
pulse-like signals or FM signals.

• MIN PEAK The Min Peak detector yields the minimum value of the spectrum
within a pixel of the trace. Sine signals are displayed with correct
level but noise-like signals are suppressed. The Min Peak detector
can be used to highlight sine signals in the noise spectrum.

Trace Settings R&S FSH

1309.6275.12 4.20 E-2

• SAMPLE The Sample detector does not “summarize” any aspect of the

spectrum which is available in its complete form in the R&S FSH,
but instead shows only one arbitrary measurement point within a
pixel. The Sample detector should always be used for
measurements with span = 0 Hz, as this is the only way of
correctly representing the timing of the video signal. The Sample
detector can also be used to measure noise power as noise
usually has a uniform spectrum with a normal amplitude
distribution. If the Sample detector is used for signal spectrum
measurements with a span that is greater than (resolution
bandwidth x 631), signals may be lost.

• RMS The RMS detector measures spectral power over a pixel. No
matter what the signal shape, power measurements with the RMS
detector always give the true power. RMS detection is
recommended for power measurements on digitally modulated
signals in particular. This is because the RMS detector is the only
R&S FSH detector that can give stable, true power readings.
Display stability can easily be obtained by increasing the sweep
time, as the measurement time for the power/pixel increases the
greater the sweep time. If you are making noise measurements,
for example, the trace will be highly stable if a long sweep time is
selected.

However, the bandwidth occupied by the signal to be measured
should at least equal the frequency covered by a trace pixel or the
selected resolution bandwidth (whichever is larger). Otherwise, the
power shown by the R&S FSH is too low because there are
spectral components within the frequency range covered by the
pixel which do not come from the signal under measurement (e.g.
noise).

To obtain the true power, the video bandwidth (VBW) too should
be selected to be greater than the resolution bandwidth (RBW).
Otherwise, an averaging effect caused by video bandlimiting
comes into play before the RMS value is calculated.

Both automatic operation and manual operation are available for setting the detector. In automatic
operation, the R&S FSH selects the detector that is suitable for the trace mode that is set. In manual
operation, the selected detector is always maintained regardless of the trace mode.

Setting of the detector in automatic operation:

Trace mode Detector

Clear/Write Auto Peak

Average Sample

Max Hold Max Peak

Min Hold Min Peak

R&S FSH Trace Settings

1309.6275.12 4.21 E-2

Operating sequence:

 Press the TRACE key.

 Press the DETECTOR softkey.

The submenu for selecting the detector opens.

If automatic operation has been selected, the AUTO
DETECTOR menu item is marked with X and the
R&S FSH displays the detector that is set to match the
trace mode that is set.

To switch automatic operation on or off:

 Using the cursor keys or rotary knob, select AUTO

DETECTOR from the menu.

 Using the ENTER key or the DETECTOR softkey,

switch automatic operation on or off.

When automatic operation is switched on, the
R&S FSH also sets the detector that matches the trace
mode that is set.

To set the detector manually:

 Using the cursor keys or the rotary knob, select the detector you want and confirm by pressing the

ENTER key or the DETECTOR softkey.

The R&S FSH indicates the detector that has been selected in the top right-hand corner of the screen
(Detect: Auto Peak in Fig. above). If AUTO DETECTOR is switched on and a detector that does not
accommodate automatic operation is set, the R&S FSH will switch automatic operation off.

Trace-Selection

The R&S FSH can display two active traces TRACE 1 and TRACE 2 on the screen simultaneously.
Each active trace is allocated a trace memory (MEMORY 1 or MEMORY 2). To establish to which
measurement curve the control inputs are to refer, you must select a trace. All inputs relating to Trace
mode, Detector, and copying of the trace into the Trace memory relate to the selected trace. In the
default setting, TRACE 1 is selected for inputs.

Operating sequence:

 Press the TRACE key.

 Press the SELECT TRACE softkey.

Trace 2 is set instead of Trace 1. The selected trace is
shown in the upper area of the screen (Trace 1 / Trace

2)

 Now apply the desired settings for Trace 2 (TRACE

MODE / DETECTOR / TRACE > MEMORY).

 To change the settings of Trace 1, press the

SELECT TRACE softkey again.

Trace Settings R&S FSH

1309.6275.12 4.22 E-2

Trace memory

T

he R&S FSH can transfer a trace to the trace memory and also display the current trace and the trace
in the trace memory for comparison. The saved trace is always displayed in white to distinguish it from
the current trace.

Operating sequence:

 Press the TRACE key.

 Press the TRACE -> MEMORY softkey.

The R&S FSH transfers the selected trace (see Trace
Selection) to the trace memory.

 Press the SHOW softkey.

 Select the desired memory trace from the menu

using the cursor keys or rotary knob. Confirm the
selection by pressing ENTER.

The R&S FSH displays the saved trace in white. The
menu entry of the selecte memory trace is marked with
an X to indicate that the trace in the trace memory is
being displayed.

 To remove the saved trace from the screen, press

the SHOW softkey again.

 In the menu select the memory trace mar

ked with

X and confirm with ENTER.

The selected memory trace will be removed from the
screen.

Note: The memory traces are bit-mapped into the picture memory. Therefore, when the memory

trace is recalled, it will not be adapted to any modifications of the reference level or span
that may have been made in the meantime.

When a stored data set is called, the R&S FSH stores the associated trace in the trace

memory. The stored trace can be displayed with SHOW MEMORY.

R&S FSH Using the Markers

1309.6275.12 4.23 E-2

Trace mathematics

T

he R&S FSH can subtract a saved trace from the active trace and display the difference.

Operation:

 Press the TRACE key.

 Press the TRACE > MEMORY softkey.

The R&S FSH transfers the currently displayed trace to
the trace memory.

 Press the SHOW softkey. Select the memory trace

and confirm your selection with ENTER.

The R&S FSH displays the saved trace in white.

 To remove the saved trace from the screen, press

the SHOW softkey again. Select the memory trace
marked with X and confirm your selection again with
ENTER.

 Press the TRACE MATH key and select

TRACE – MEM or MEM – TRACE.

The R&S FSH displays the difference between the
saved trace and the active trace.

 To remove the saved trace from the screen, press

the TRACE MATH softkey again and select OFF.

Using the Markers

The R&S FSH has six markers, five of which can be used as either marker or delta marker.

The markers cannot leave the trace and indicate the frequency and level of the point they are
positioned on. The frequency indicated by a marker is shown by a vertical line which extends from the
top to the bottom of the measurement diagram. The numeric frequency and level readouts are
displayed in the top left-hand corner of the screen. The unit is the same as the unit of the reference
level.

The position of the delta marker is indicated by a dashed line to distinguish it from the other marker.
The delta marker level is always a level relative to the main marker level and so the delta marker level
unit is always dB. The delta marker frequency is always relative to the main marker – in other words,
the delta marker frequency is the frequency difference between the frequency at the point marked by
the main marker and the frequency at the point marked by the delta marker.

Using the Markers R&S FSH

1309.6275.12 4.24 E-2

Marker menu

Marker

frequency

Delta marker

frequency

Delta marker

level

Marker
level

Delta marker
symbol

Marker

Marker

symbol

Delta marker

Controlling the marker:

 Press the MARKER key.

The marker menu opens. If, as yet, no marker has
been activated, the main marker (MARKER) is turned
on automatically and placed on the maximum level in
the spectrum. The frequency and level at the point
indicated by the marker are displayed at the top of the
screen in the selected unit (= reference level unit). The
value entry box for the marker frequency opens.

The following actions can now be performed:

 Change the marker position using the rotary knob

or the cursor keys.

 Enter a marker position with the number keys and

terminate the entry with one of the unit keys.

 Confirm the marker position by pressing the

ENTER key.

Controlling the delta marker:

 Press the MARKER key.

 Press the NEW MARKER softkey.

The R&S FSH turns on the delta marker and places it
on the second largest signal on the trace. The
frequency and level displayed at the top of the screen
are relative to the main marker, i.e. the R&S FSH
always outputs the frequency difference and the level
difference between the points marked by the main
marker and the delta marker. Simultaneously, the
value entry box for the delta marker frequency
difference is opened.

The following actions can now be performed:

 Change the delta marker position with the rotary

knob or the cursor keys.

R&S FSH Using the Markers

1309.6275.12 4.25 E-2

 Enter a delta marker position with the number keys

and confirm with a unit key.

 Confirm the delta marker position by pressing the

ENTER key.

Automatic marker positioning

The R&S FSH has functions that make setting markers easier or allow instrument settings to be made
on the basis of the current marker position:

• PEAK This function places the marker or the delta marker on the highest

value of the trace. The function acts on the active marker, whose
associated softkey labelling is highlighted in red.

• NEXT PEAK Relative to their current positions, this function places the marker

or the delta marker on the next highest peak of the trace.

• MINIMUM The marker or delta marker is placed on the lowest value of the

trace. The function acts on the active marker. When the trace is
displayed in the CLEAR/WRITE mode, the marker is placed on the
lowest maximum of the trace.

• CENTER = MRK FREQ When this function is called, the center frequency (CENTER) is

made equal to the current marker frequency or the delta marker
frequency, depending on which marker is activated (softkey label
highlighted in red). This function is particularly useful if you want to
investigate a signal more closely using a smaller span. This is
accomplished by first placing the signal in the center of the span
and then reducing the span.

• REF LVL = MRK LVL This function makes the level indicated by the marker the

reference level. This makes it easy to optimize the R&S FSH's
level display range if the levels being investigated are low.

Operating sequence:

 Press the MKR-> key.

 Press the softkey with the desired marker function.

The R&S FSH then performs the action you have
selected.

The R&S FSH allows you to use only a limited section of the trace for the PEAK, NEXT PEAK and
MINIMUM functions. This is beneficial, for example, if you want to sample only spurious emissions with
the marker search functions and want to omit useful signals.

Using the Markers R&S FSH

1309.6275.12 4.26 E-2

 Press the SEARCH LIMITS softkey.

 Using the rotary knob or the cursor keys, select

SEARCH LIMITS ON/OFF.

 Confirm your choice with the SEARCH LIMITS

softkey or the ENTER key.

Der R&S FSH schaltet die Begrenzung des Marker­Suchbereichs ein. Zur Kennzeichnung des
Bereichswerden zwei vertikale Linien im Diagramm
eingeblendet.

 For entering the start of the search range, press

softkey SEARCH LIMITS.

 Select the LOWER LIMIT menu item with the rotary

knob or the cursor keys and confirm your choice by
pressing the SEARCH LIMITS softkey or the
ENTER key.

The R&S FSH opens the entry field for the start
frequency of the search range.

 Enter a start frequency with the numeric keys and

terminate the entry with the desired unit or change
the start frequency with the rotary knob or the cursor
keys and terminate the entry with the ENTER key.

The R&S FSH indicates the start of the search range
by means of a vertical line in the diagram.

The procedure for entering the stop frequency for the search range is analogous to that for entering the
start frequency.

Deactivating the marker search range:

If a marker search range is activated, the softkey SEARCH LIMITS in the MKR-> menu is highlighted in
green.

 Press the SEARCH LIMITS softkey to deactivate the marker search range.

 Using the rotary knob or the cursor keys, select SEARCH LIMITS ON/OFF.

 Deactivate the search in the limited range using the SEARCH LIMITS softkey or the ENTER key.

the softkey SEARCH LIMITS is no longer highlighted.

R&S FSH Using the Markers

1309.6275.12 4.27 E-2

Using more than one marker at a time (multimarker mode)

T

o measure different signals in a trace, the R&S FSH has the multimarker function. Up to six different
markers are available. Marker 1 measures in absolute units. Markers 2 to 6 can measure in absolute
units (marker) as well as relative units (delta). The reference for delta markers is always marker 1.

Operating sequence:

 Press the MARKER key.

 Press the NEW MARKER softkey several times.

On each key-press a new marker will be created
and placed on the next lower signal peak.

The marker designation contains the number of the
marker in question (M1, D2, D3 etc.). The designation
of the marker which is active for editing (= active
marker) has a red background, whereas the other
markers have a grey background.
As a default new markers are created as delta
markers, which means that their position is displayed
relative to marker 1.

 In order to transform a delta marker into a marker

press softkey MARKER TYPE. The marker
designation changes (e.g. D2 -> M2), and the
marker position is displayed in absolute values.

 In order to select a previously created marker,

press softkey SELECT MARKER repeatedly until
the symbol of the desired marker is highlighted in
red.

The R&S FSH opens the entry box for the frequency of
the selected marker or the spacing between the delta
marker and the reference marker M1.

 Using the cursor keys, place the marker or delta

marker near the position you want. The step width
here is 10 % of the X axis.

 Then use the rotary knob to fine-tune the marker or

delta marker to the signal The step width
corresponds to the pixel spacing of the trace.

 Alternatively, enter the desired position of the

marker or delta marker using the number keys and
terminate the entry with one of the unit keys.

The R&S FSH displays the last edited marker or Delta marker (= active marker) by means of a red
highlighted marker symbol. All marker functions relate to the active marker.

Using the Markers R&S FSH

1309.6275.12 4.28 E-2

Automatic marker positioning:

Automatic positioning of markers in multimarker mode
is similar to that of the normal marker. The different
functions always apply to the active marker, which is
also indicated for the various functions in the MKR->
menu (example: Selected Marker to Peak).

In addition, it is possible to position all activated
markers (M1 to M6) at the peak of a trace.

 In the SET TO PEAK menu, select ALL MARKERS

and confirm this with the ENTER key or the SET
TO PEAK softkey.

The R&S FSH sets all activated markers to the maxima
of the trace.

Displaying all multimarker values:

The R&S FSH can display a list of all activated markers and their values.

 Press the VIEW LIST softkey.

The R&S FSH displays a list of all activated markers
and delta markers.

If you press the VIEW LIST softkey again, the
R&S FSH closes the marker table extension from
marker 3 to 6.

Deactivating markers:

Markers can be deactivated one at a time or all at once.

R&S FSH Using the Markers

1309.6275.12 4.29 E-2

Deactivating markers or delta markers one at a time:

 Press the SELECT MARKER softkey repeatedly

until the desired marker is highlighted in red.

The value entry field for the selected marker appears.

 Press the DELETE MARKER softkey.

 Now confirm the menu entry DELETE SELECTED

by pressing ENTER.

This deletes the selected marker.

Note: If marker 1 (M1) is deactivated, the R&S FSH also deactivates all delta markers, because

they use marker 1 as a reference.

Deactivating all markers or delta markers:

 Press the DELETE MARKER softkey.

 Using the rotary knob or the cursor keys select

DELETE ALL DELTA or DELETE ALL

 Press the ENTER key or the DELETE MARKER

softkey to switch off all markers and delta markers.

Note: When the markers are deactivated, the R&S FSH also deactivates all delta markers,

because they use marker 1 as a reference.

Marker functions

Apart from displaying the level and frequency at the marker position (NORMAL setting), the R&S FSH
can also perform other forms of analysis at the marker position. For example, the R&S FSH can
calculate the noise power density referred to 1 Hz bandwidth (NOISE function) or measure the
frequency of a signal at the marker position (FREQ COUNT function). The filter bandwidth or the signal
bandwidth is measured with the N DB DOWN function.

Measuring the noise power density

The NOISE function is used to calculate the noise power density at the marker position. The R&S FSH
calculates the noise power density in dBm/(1 Hz) from the trace pixel values, the selected resolution
bandwidth, the detector and the level display mode (absolute or relative). To stabilize the noise power
display, the R&S FSH uses the pixel on which the marker is positioned and the four pixels to the right
and the four pixels to the left of the marker pixel. Noise power density can provide useful information
when measurements are made on noise or digitally modulated signals. However, valid results are
obtained only if the spectrum in the vicinity of the marker has a flat frequency response. The function
gives incorrect results if measurements are made on discrete signals.

Using the Markers R&S FSH

1309.6275.12 4.30 E-2

Operating sequence:

 Press the MARKER key.

 Press the MARKER FUNCTION softkey.

 Using the cursor keys or the rotary knob, select the

NOISE menu item.

 Confirm the selection with the ENTER key or by

pressing the MARKER FUNCTION softkey again.

The R&S FSH now indicates the marker level in
dBm/Hz. If the delta marker is the active marker, it
displays the result in dBc/Hz. The reading is referred to
the main marker1.

Measuring the frequency

The FREQUENCY COUNT function is used to measure the frequency at the marker position. The
accuracy of the marker frequency readout is then no longer dependent on the pixel resolution of the
trace, but only on the accuracy of the internal reference frequency.

The R&S FSH calculates the marker frequency from the center frequency, the span and the frequency
of the trace pixel on which the marker is positioned. The trace has 631 pixels corresponding to
631 frequency coordinates. The frequency resolution is therefore relatively coarse – especially if a large
span is set. To circumvent this problem, the R&S FSH’s internal frequency counter can be used. When
frequency measurements are being made, the R&S FSH briefly stops the sweep at the marker position
and measures the frequency using the frequency counter. The resolution of the frequency counter is

0.1 Hz and so is considerably higher than the resolution that is obtained without the FREQUENCY
COUNT function. Even though the resolution is high, frequency counting is extremely fast due to a
special algorithm for the IQ baseband signal (approx. 30 ms at a resolution of 1 Hz). Basically, the
accuracy of the frequency readout depends only on the accuracy of the internal reference frequency
(TCXO).

The frequency counter only gives completely accurate readings for sine signals that are at least 20 dB
above the noise floor. If the S/N ratio is less, noise affects the results.

Operating sequence:

 Press the MARKER key.

 Press the MARKER FUNCTION softkey.

 Using the cursor keys or the rotary knob, select the

FREQUENCY COUNT menu item.

 Confirm the selection with the ENTER key or by

pressing the MARKER FUNCTION softkey again.

The R&S FSH now displays the counted marker
frequency with a resolution of 1 Hz. To indicate that the
FREQUENCY COUNT function is on, the marker
symbol changes from M1 to C1.

R&S FSH Using the Markers

1309.6275.12 4.31 E-2

AF demodulation

T

he R&S FSH has an AM and FM demodulator for audiomonitoring signals. The demodulated AF signal
can be listened to with the internal speaker or headphones (optional accessories). The headphones are
connected to the 3.5 mm jack on the top side of the instrument. As the R&S FSH makes the
uncontrolled video voltage audible in the case of AM demodulation, it is advisable to set the reference
level so that the level of the signal to be demodulated is near the reference level.

When spectrum measurements are being made, the R&S FSH demodulates the signal at the marker
frequency for a settable period of time. The sweep stops at the marker frequency for the demodulation
period and then continues. If time-domain measurements are being made (span = 0 Hz), the R&S FSH
performs continuous demodulation.

Operating sequence:

 Press the MARKER key.

 Press the MARKER FUNCTION softkey.

The submenu for setting demodulation parameters
opens. If no markers have been activated, the
R&S FSH automatically turns on the marker and
positions it on the trace maximum.

 Using the cursor keys or the rotary knob, select the

demodulation mode (AM or FM) you want and
confirm your selection with the ENTER key.

Note: When the AF demodulation mode is

selected, the R&S FSH automatically
turns off the noise marker or the
frequency counter.

 To enter the demodulation time, select the TIME... item in the menu.

The currently set demodulation time is displayed in the value entry box. The demodulation time range is
100 ms to 500 s. If the R&S FSH is set to span = 0 Hz, the demodulation time setting is irrelevant as
continuous demodulation is always performed.

 Change the time with the cursor keys or the rotary knob or enter a time using the number keys and

confirm with the ENTER key.

 To adjust the volume, select the VOLUME... menu item and confirm your selection with the ENTER

key.

The R&S FSH displays the volume in % in the value entry box. The volume range is 0 % (very low) to
100 % (full volume).

 Using the cursor keys or the rotary knob, adjust the volume or enter the volume in % using the

number keys and confirm with the ENTER key.

Using the Display Line R&S FSH

1309.6275.12 4.32 E-2

Using the Display Line

In addition to the markers, the R&S FSH provides a horizontal line for determining the signal level in the
display.

 Press the LINES key.

 Press the DISPLAY LINE softkey.

The R&S FSH displays a horizontal line across the
entire diagram. The Y position of the line is indicated at
the top left of the diagram (Line: -55 dBm in the
diagram shown at the right).

 The line can be moved in the Y direction with the

cursor keys or the rotary knob, or a level position
can be entered with the numeric keys.

Terminate the entry with the ENTER key.
The softkey label DISPLAY LINE is printed on a green
background and the entry box is cleared.

In contrast to the markers, the position of the displayed line is pixel-oriented. The line resolution in the Y
direction therefore depends on the measurement range set in the Y direction. For a display range of
100 dB, it is 0.3 dB. When the line is set with the rotary knob, the R&S FSH always uses the step width
of the display resolution in the Y direction, e.g. 0.3 dB for a 100 dB level measurement range. The
cursor keys, on the other hand, always move the line by 10 % of the display range in the Y direction.
For fast setting of the display line, we therefore recommend to set the line near the desired position with
the cursor keys and then to use the rotary knob for fine adjustment.

Using Limit Lines

Limit lines are used to set limits for level characteristics versus time or versus frequency on the screen;
they must not be exceeded. For instance, the upper limits of permissible spurious or harmonics of a
DUT are marked by limit lines. In the R&S FSH, the upper and lower limit value can be preset by way of
limit lines. Thus, a spectrum or level characteristic in the time domain (span = 0 Hz) can be checked
either visually on the screen or automatically by verifying limit violations.

A limit line consists of at least two and at most 25 value pairs (points) on the x axis (frequency, time or
length) and the y axis (level). The R&S FSH links the individual points by straight lines. The values on
the x axis may be specified in absolute units (e.g. frequency in MHz) or relative units referenced to the
center of the measured trace (e.g. center frequency). Relative units are of advantage, for instance,
when modulated output signals are measured. If the center frequency is varied, the mask on the screen
remains unchanged. The points on the y axis are always dB values. If the scale on the y axis is linear
(unit V or W), the R&S FSH automatically switches to the respective dB unit after a limit line has been
switched on.

Limit lines are defined with the aid of control software FSH4View. They are loaded into the memory of
the R&S FSH via the USB- or the LAN-interface. Up to 100 limit lines can be stored simultaneously in
the R&S FSH memory. The maximum number of limit lines may be reduced if transducer factors,
channel tables, cable models, or data sets are stored simultaneously (see "Saving and Loading
Instrument Settings and Measurement Results" in this chapter )

R&S FSH Using Limit Lines

1309.6275.12 4.33 E-2

Operating sequence:

 Press the LINES key.

The softkey menu for the control of limit lines is
displayed on the screen.

The R&S FSH makes a distinction between upper limit lines (UPPER LIMIT) and lower limit lines
(LOWER LIMIT). It checks whether a measured value is above the upper limit line or below the lower
limit line. The limit lines stored in the R&S FSH can be used to mark both upper and lower limit values.

 Depending on the application, press the UPPER

LIMIT or LOWER LIMIT softkey.

The R&S FSH displays a list of available limit lines. If
no limit line is switched on, the first value in the list is
marked. If no limit lines are stored in the R&S FSH, the
cursor will be placed on folder '\Public\.'.

The unit of the limit line and the unit currently set on
the x axis must be identical. In order to determine
which lines are compatible to the current settings, the
compatible lines can be displayed:

 Press softkey SORT/SHOW.

 Select the item SHOW COMPATIBLE using the

rotary knob or the cursor keys and confirm the
selection with ENTER.

The R&S FSH will display only the limit lines which are
compatible to the current instrument settings.

In order to display all lines again

 Press softkey SORT/SHOW.

 Select the item SHOW ALL using the rotary knob or

the cursor keys and confirm the selection with
ENTER.

The file name extension indicates whether the limit lines are assigned to absolute frequency, time or
distance values (.abslim) or whether they are specified relative the center of the x axis (.rellim).

Switching on a limit line:

 Select the desired limit line from the list by means of the cursor keys or the rotary knob.

 Press SELECT to switch on the chosen limit line.

Using Limit Lines R&S FSH

1309.6275.12 4.34 E-2

Exiting the list of limit lines:

Press the EXIT softkey to close the list of limit lines.

Switching off a limit line:



Press LINES.

 Press softkey UPPER LIMIT / LOWER LIMIT.

 In the menu select DESELECT LIMIT using the rotary knob or the cursor keys and confirm with

ENTER.

After a limit line has been switched on, the R&S FSH
returns to the menu and the selected line is displayed
in the diagram. The name and type of the limit line are
also marked (UPPER LIMIT for an upper limit line and
LOWER LIMIT for a lower line).

All active limit lines can be switched off together with the LIMITS ON/OFF softkey.

Measurements with limit lines

During a measurement, the R&S FSH checks the trace after each frequency sweep for upper and lower
limit violations. If all measured values are within specified limits, PASS is displayed at the top in the
center of the diagram. FAIL is indicated even if only a single measured value (= pixel of the trace)
exceeds a limit value.

The automatic limit check can be switched off via softkey LIMITS ON/OFF. A limit violation can also be
indicated by an acoustic signal.

Beep:

 Press the OPTIONS softkey.

 Select AUDIO BEEP with the rotary knob or the

cursor keys and confirm the selection with the
OPTIONS softkey or with the ENTER key.

If BEEP has been selected, the R&S FSH outputs a
beep each time a limit is exceeded.

R&S FSH Setting and Using the Measurement Functions

1309.6275.12 4.35 E-2

Definition range of limit lines

I

f a limit line is not defined in the entire frequency range or displayed span, a check is not performed

outside the definition range.

Data sets containing limit lines

The R&S FSH stores data sets together with any limit lines that may have been active for the
measurement in question. When such a data set is recalled, the associated limit lines are available too.
They do however not appear in the list of limit lines.

Setting and Using the Measurement Functions

If you want to perform complex measurements, the R&S FSH provides measurement functions which
perform certain measurement tasks with a minimum of keystrokes or, in conjunction with various
accessories, will allow you to perform advanced measurements.

Measuring the channel power of continuously modulated
signals

Due to the channel power measurement function, the power of modulated signals can be measured
selectively. Unlike a power meter which measures power over its whole frequency range, the channel
power mode allows the power in a specific transmission channel to be measured. Other signals in the
frequency spectrum have no effect on the result.

When the channel power mode is selected, the R&S FSH determines the spectrum within the channel
using a resolution bandwidth that is small in comparison with the channel bandwidth. The measured
values on the trace are then integrated to give the total power. The R&S FSH takes into account the
selected display mode (absolute or relative), the selected detector and the resolution bandwidth, which
means that the result is comparable to the result that would have been obtained from a thermal power
meter. The small resolution bandwidth acts like a narrow channel filter and so prevents out-of-channel
emissions from affecting the result.

The R&S FSH has presettings for the 3GPP WCDMA, cdmaOne and CDMA2000 1x systems and so
the user does not have to enter any settings himself. However, user-defined channel settings can also
be entered to set up the R&S FSH for other communications systems.

Operating sequence:

 Press the MEAS key.

 Press the MEASURE softkey.

The submenu for selecting the measurement functions
opens.

 Using the rotary knob or the cursor keys, select the

CHANNEL POWER menu item.
(CHANNEL POWER highlighted in red)

 Confirm your selection with the ENTER key or the

MEASURE softkey.

Measuring the channel power of continuously modulated signals R&S FSH

1309.6275.12 4.36 E-2

The R&S FSH displays the softkey menu for setting the channel power measurement. Two vertical lines
i

n the measurement diagram indicate the channel bandwidth. The measured channel power is shown in

large letters below the measurement diagram.

Channel

Bandwidth

Channel

Power

Channel Bandwidth

Standard

The default setting is power measurement for 3GPP WCDMA signals.

Selecting the standard

The R&S FSH has a channel power measurement default setting for various standards. It is also
possible to define and save user-specified configurations.

 Press the STANDARD softkey.

A submenu with the available standards opens.

 Select the standard you want using the rotary knob

or the cursor keys.

 Confirm your selection with the ENTER key or the

STANDARD softkey.

The R&S FSH sets the selected standard. The optimal
span, resolution bandwidth, video bandwidth, sweep
time and detector for the standard are selected
automatically.

Using the R&S FSH4View control software, additional
standards can be generated and permanently loaded
into the R&S FSH. You can also delete the factory-set
standards provided in the instrument if you do not need
them. The R&S FSH then offers only the standards
you require, for example for measurements on TV
signals.

R&S FSH Measuring the channel power of continuously modulated signals

1309.6275.12 4.37 E-2

Setting the reference level

W

hen selecting the reference level, ensure that the R&S FSH is not overdriven. As the power is
measured with a resolution bandwidth that is small in comparison with the signal bandwidth, the
R&S FSH may still be overdriven even though the trace is still within the measurement diagram. To
prevent the R&S FSH from being overdriven, the signal can be measured at the largest resolution
bandwidth possible using the peak detector. If this setting is selected, it is not possible for the trace to
exceed the reference level.

To simplify operation and to prevent incorrect measurements, the R&S FSH has an automatic routine
for setting the reference level.

 Press the LEVEL ADJUST softkey.

The R&S FSH starts the measurement of the optimal
reference level using a resolution bandwidth of 1 MHz,
a video bandwidth of 1 MHz and the peak detector.
During the measurement, the message "Adjusting level
for channel power measurement, please wait... " is
output.

The optimal reference level is then set.

Setting the channel bandwidth

The channel bandwidth specifies the frequency range about the center frequency, over which the
R&S FSH performs the power measurement.

 Press the CHAN BW softkey.

The value entry box showing the current channel
bandwidth setting opens.

 Using the number keys enter a new channel

bandwidth and terminate the entry with the
appropriate unit, or

 Using the rotary knob or the cursor keys, change

the channel bandwidth and confirm with the
ENTER key or the CHANNEL BW softkey.

The R&S FSH automatically sets the appropriate span
for the channel bandwidth that has been entered (span
= 1.2 x channel bandwidth) to ensure that no incorrect
channel power measurements are made.

The minimum channel bandwidth that can be set is
833 Hz at a span of 1 kHz.

Changing the span

The span set by the R&S FSH yields extremely precise measurement results. However, signals in the
environment of the measurement channel are no longer detectable. To enable users to see the
spectrum outside the measurement channel, the span can be changed up to a factor of ten times the
channel bandwidth during the channel power measurement.

Measuring the channel power of continuously modulated signals R&S FSH

1309.6275.12 4.38 E-2

Operation:

 Press the SPAN key.

The AUTO SPAN softkey label is highlighted in green
to indicate that the optimum span for the channel
power measurement is set. MANUAL SPAN is
activated to allow immediate entry of another span.

 Using the numeric keys, enter a new span and

terminate the entry with the appropriate unit, or

 Change the span with the rotary knob or the cursor

keys and terminate the entry with the ENTER key
or the MANUAL SPAN softkey.

The largest permissible span for the channel power measurement is ten times the channel bandwidth.
At larger spans, the result of the channel power measurement would be increasingly imprecise,
because too few points of the trace occur in the channel to be measured.

 Press the AUTO SPAN softkey to again set the optimum span.

 To return to the menu for channel power measurement, press the MEAS key.

Measurement of maximum channel power:

If signal levels fluctuate significantly, you can define the maximum channel power by using the Max
Hold function.

Operation:

 Press the POWER DISPLAY softkey.

 Select MAX HOLD by using the cursor keys or the

rotary knob and then confirm with the POWER
DISPLAY softkey or the ENTER key. The power
display will switch from "Power" to "Max Power".

 To deactivate the Max Hold function, press the

POWER DISPLAY softkey.

 Select CLEAR/WRITE by using the cursor keys or

the rotary knob and confirm with the ENTER key.
The power display will switch from "Max Power" to
"Power".

R&S FSH Power measurements on TDMA signals

1309.6275.12 4.39 E-2

Unit for power display

T

he R&S FSH can use different units for power output. The basic unit is dBm.

 Press the PWR UNIT softkey.

The R&S FSH opens the submenu with the units: dBm,
dBmV and dBKV.

 Using the rotary knob or the cursor keys, select the

required unit.

 Confirm your selection with the ENTER key or the

PWR UNIT softkey.

The R&S FSH displays the power level in the selected
unit.

Power measurements on TDMA signals

When TDMA (time division multiple access) methods are used, e.g. for GSM, several users share a
channel. Each user is assigned a period of time or timeslot. The R&S FSH’s TDMA POWER function
measures the power over one of these timeslots. This is a time-domain measurement (span = 0 Hz).
The power measurement is started on an external trigger or the video trigger. The power measurement
time is selected with MEAS TIME.

To prevent incorrect power measurements in the time domain, ensure that the whole signal lies within
the selected resolution bandwidth. If the resolution bandwidth is too narrow, the displayed power will be
lower than the actual power.

 Press the MEAS key.

 Press the MEASURE softkey.

The measurement function menu will open.

 Using the rotary knob or the cursor keys, sele

ct

TDMA POWER.

 Confirm your selection with the ENTER key or the

MEAS softkey.

The R&S FSH will display the softkeys for configuring
time-domain power measurements.

Power measurements on TDMA signals R&S FSH

1309.6275.12 4.40 E-2

Measurement

Limits

Trigger

Level

Standard

Power

Readout

Measurement

Time

Selecting a standard

When the function is switched on, the R&S FSH automatically selects the GSM/EDGE standard. All
default settings are selected so that power measurements on GSM or EDGE bursts give true readings.

Using the R&S FSH4View control software, additional standards can be generated and permanently
loaded into the R&S FSH. You can also delete the factory-set standards provided in the instrument if
you do not need them. The R&S FSH then offers only the standards you require.

Setting the burst length

The burst length is the measurement time over which the R&S FSH performs a power measurement. A
value less than or equal to the sweep time can be selected.

 Press the BURST LENGTH softkey.

The value entry box displaying the current
measurement time opens.

 Using the number keys, enter a new measurement

time and terminate the entry with the appropriate
unit, or

 Using the rotary knob or the cursor keys change

the measurement time and confirm with the
ENTER key or the BURST LENGTH softkey.

If the measurement time you have entered is greater
than the sweep time, the R&S FSH sets a burst length
equal to the sweep time. If you want to set a longer
measurement time, you must increase the sweep time
first.

The minimum burst length is the time corresponding to
one trace pixel (= sweep time / 631).

R&S FSH Power measurements on TDMA signals

1309.6275.12 4.41 E-2

Optimizing the reference level

T

o obtain the greatest possible dynamic range for burst signals, the lowest reference level possible
must be set. If this is not done, the R&S FSH will be overdriven by the measurement signal, if its
maximum level exceeds the maximum reference level. Because the R&S FSH’s resolution bandwidths
are implemented digitally after the A/D converter, depending on the resolution bandwidth selected, the
signal level at the A/D converter can be higher than the level indicated by the trace. To prevent the A/D
converter from being overdriven, the signal must be measured at the widest resolution bandwidth
(3 MHz) and video bandwidth (3 MHz) with the peak detector. The trace maximum then determines the
optimal reference level.
The R&S FSH’s LEVEL ADJUST routine will automatically determine the optimal reference level for
you.

 Press the LEVEL ADJUST softkey.

The R&S FSH starts the measurement to determine
the optimal reference level, using a resolution
bandwidth of 3 MHz, a video bandwidth of 3 MHz and
the peak detector. While the measurement is in
progress, the R&S FSH outputs the message
“Adjusting level for measurement, please wait... ".

The optimal reference level is then set.

Power readout

The R&S FSH displays the measured power and the selected burst length above the measurement
diagram (Power = nn.nn dBm).

Setting the trigger

A trigger is usually required to perform power measurements on bursts. In the default setting, the
R&S FSH is configured to use the video trigger at 50 % of the Y scale on the measurement diagram.
Assuming that the burst on which the measurement is to be made crosses the 50 % point of the trigger,
the R&S FSH will trigger on the rising edge of the burst.

Should this not be the case, the trigger level must be adjusted so that the R&S FSH is triggered by the
burst edge. Otherwise no measurement will be performed.

If the DUT has a trigger facility, the external trigger can also be used for the measurement.

 Connect the DUT’s trigger output to the

R&S FSH’s trigger input.

 Press the SWEEP key.

 Press the TRIGGER softkey.

 Select the EXTERNAL RISE or EXTERNAL FALL

menu item (rising or falling edge).

 Confirm your selection with the ENTER key or the

TRIGGER softkey.

Select the appropriate trigger delay to position the
burst in the measurement window.

 Press the TRIGGER softkey.

Measuring the occupied bandwidth R&S FSH

1309.6275.12 4.42 E-2

 Select the menu item TRIGGER DELAY by using

the rotary knob and confirm with the ENTER key

 Using the rotary knob or the cursor keys, adjust the

t

rigger delay until the TDMA burst is inside the

vertical lines indicating the measurement range, or

 Using the number keys, enter the appropriate

trigger delay and terminate the entry with the
appropriate unit key.

Measuring the occupied bandwidth

Ensuring the proper operation of a transmission network requires that all transmitters adhere to the
bandwidths assigned to them. The occupied bandwidth is defined as the bandwidth that contains a
specified percent of the entire power of the transmitter. In the R&S FSH, the power percent can be set
between 10 % and 99.9 %. Numerous standards require a percent of 99 %, which corresponds to the
default setting of the R&S FSH.

One of the measurement functions of the R&S FSH is the measurement of occupied bandwidth. After
the channel bandwidth has been entered, the R&S FSH automatically selects the measurement
parameters so that an optimal result is attained.

Operation:

 Press the MEAS key.

 Press the MEASURE softkey.

The R&S FSH will open the measurement function
menu.
 Using the rotary knob or the cursor keys, select

OCCUPIED BW from the menu (highlighted in
red).

 Confirm your selection with the ENTER key or the

MEASURE softkey.

The R&S FSH displays the softkey menu for setting the measurement of occupied bandwidth. Two
vertical lines in the measurement diagram indicate the occupied bandwidth. The measured numeric
value (OBW) is shown in large characters above the measurement diagram.

occupied

bandwidth

Standard

Occupied

Bandwidth

Channel

Bandwidth

Power

Percentage

R&S FSH Measuring the occupied bandwidth

1309.6275.12 4.43 E-2

Selecting a standard

T

he R&S FSH offers a default for measuring the occupied bandwidth for different standards. It is also
possible to define and save user-specific configurations.

 Press the STANDARD softkey.

A table with the available standards opens.

 Using the rotary knob or the cursor keys, select the

appropriate standard.

 Confirm your selection with the ENTER key or the

STANDARD softkey.

The selected standard is set. The optimal span,
resolution bandwidth, video bandwidth, sweep time
and detector for the standard are selected
automatically.

The following should be noted when changes to the settings are made:

• The span is always coupled to the channel bandwidth (CHANNEL BW). When changes are made,
the R&S FSH automatically sets the appropriate span (= 5 x channel bandwidth).

• The resolution bandwidth should be between 1% and 4% of the channel bandwidth. This ensures
that the occupied bandwidth is measured with high accuracy.

• The video bandwidth must be at least three times the resolution bandwidth. This prevents incorrect
results due to the compression of signal peaks by the video filter.

• The RMS detector is recommended. This ensures that the power measurement is always correct
irrespective of the waveform being investigated.

• The sweep time must be set so that the result is stable. If the sweep time is increased, the
R&S FSH also increases the integration time for the RMS detector and thus ensures more stable
measured values.

Using the R&S FSH4View control software, additional standards can be generated and permanently
loaded into the R&S FSH. You can also delete the factory-set standards provided in the instrument if
you do not need them. The R&S FSH then offers only the standards you require.

Setting the reference level

When selecting the reference level, ensure that the R&S FSH is not overdriven. As the power is
measured with a resolution bandwidth that is small in comparison with the signal bandwidth, the
R&S FSH may still be overdriven even though the trace is within the measurement diagram. To prevent
the R&S FSH from being overdriven, the signal can be measured at the largest resolution bandwidth
possible using the peak detector. If this setting is selected, the trace may not exceed the reference
level.

To simplify operation and to prevent incorrect measurements, the R&S FSH has an automatic routine
for setting the reference level.

Measuring the occupied bandwidth R&S FSH

1309.6275.12 4.44 E-2

 Press the LEVEL ADJUST softkey.

The R&S FSH starts the measurement of the optimal
reference level using a resolution bandwidth of 3 MHz,
a video bandwidth of 3 MHz and the peak detector.
While the measurement is in progress, the R&S FSH

outputs the message “Adjusting level for

measurement, please wait... ".

The optimal reference level is then set.

Setting the channel bandwidth

The channel bandwidth determines the span, resolution bandwidth and sweep time the R&S FSH uses
for measuring the occupied bandwidth.

 Press the CHANNEL BW softkey.

An entry box showing the current channel bandwidth
setting opens.

 Using the numeric keys, enter a new channel

bandwidth and terminate the entry with the
appropriate unit; or

 Change the channel bandwidth with the rotary

knob or the cursor keys and terminate the entry
with the ENTER key or the CHANNEL BW softkey.

The R&S FSH automatically adapts the span to the
channel bandwidth that has been entered (span = 5 x
channel bandwidth) to ensure that no incorrect
measurements of occupied bandwidth are made. The
minimum channel bandwidth that can be set is 2 kHz.
If you attempt to enter a smaller channel bandwidth,
the R&S FSH will automatically set 2 kHz.

Entering the power percent to determine the occupied bandwidth

 Press the % POWER BW softkey.

The R&S FSH will open a field for entering the power
percent relative to the total span power which defines
the occupied bandwidth (percent of total power). The
R&S FSH displays the value currently set.

 Using the rotary knob or the cursor keys, change

the percent value, or enter a value using the
numeric keys, and confirm the entry with the
ENTER key or the % POWER BW softkey.

The R&S FSH will now display the occupied bandwidth
of the specified percent of the total power.

R&S FSH Two-port measurements with the tracking generator

1309.6275.12 4.45 E-2

Displaying the occupied bandwidth

T

he R&S FSH now displays the occupied bandwidth (OBW: nnn.nn MHz) above the measurement

diagram.

Changing the span

The span set by the R&S FSH normally yields optimum measurement results. In some cases, however,
a larger span needs to be selected. This is the case, for example, when the area outside the span that
is automatically set contains signal components that need to be included in the measurement.

Operation:

 Press the SPAN key.

The AUTO SPAN softkey label is highlighted in green
to indicate that the optimum span for measuring the
occupied bandwidth is set. MANUAL SPAN entry is
active for immediate entry of another span.

 Using the numeric keys, enter a new span and

terminate the entry with the appropriate unit, or

 Change the span with the rotary knob or the cursor

keys and terminate the entry with the ENTER key
or the MANUAL SPAN softkey.

The largest permissible span for measuring the occupied bandwidth is ten times the channel bandwidth.
At larger spans, the result of the channel power measurement would be increasingly imprecise,
because too few points of the trace occur in the channel to be measured.

 Press the AUTO SPAN softkey to again set the optimum span.

 To return to the menu for measuring the occupied bandwidth, press the MEAS key.

Two-port measurements with the tracking generator

Only for R&S FSH with tracking generator (order number 1309.6000.14, 1309.6000.24, 1309.6000.18
or 1309.6000.28).

The R&S FSH can be supplied with an optional tracking generator to measure the transmission of two­ports or the reflection coefficients of one-ports and two-ports. The tracking generator outputs a signal at
the current R&S FSH frequency. The nominal output level can be selected from 0 dBm to -50 dBm in 1
dB steps.

Two-port transmission can be determined directly by connecting the input of the DUT to the output of
the tracking generator and the DUT’s output to the R&S FSH’s RF input. A bridge is required to
measure the reflection coefficient, as included in the R&S FSH4 model, catalogue number

1309.6000.24 and the R&S FSH8, catalogue number 1309.6000.28. With current VSWR measuring
bridges, the R&S FSH can carry out measurements in both the forward and backward directions. A two­port measurement object can thus be measured for impedance at the input and at the output and for the
transmission in both directions.

Due to the calibration technique used, the R&S FSH’s measurement accuracy is high for both
transmission measurements and reflection measurements. The R&S FSH offers scalar calibration
methods as standard; i.e. with transmission and reflection measurements, the magnitudes are
corrected. Vector calibration methods and measurements (option R&S FSH-K42) are possible for

Two-port measurements with the tracking generator R&S FSH

1309.6275.12 4.46 E-2

increasing the dynamic range and the measurement accuracy. The operation of vector measurements
p

rimarily differs in the expanded calibration routines. In addition, the R&S FSH-K42 option offers
additional measurement functions for determining the phase, the group delay and the electrical length
of a DUT.

 Press the MODE key.



Press the NETWORK ANALYZER softkey.

The R&S FSH turns on the tracking generator and
switches to its softkey menu. However, the frequency
and level settings from the spectrum analyzer mode
are not changed.

The softkey menu for the network analysis includes the softkeys for selecting measurement mode
(scalar or vector, only available in devices with VSWR bridge), calibrating the transmission
measurement (CALIBRATE TRANSMISSION FWD / REV) and reflection (CALIBRATE REFLECTION
PORT 1 / 2).Calibration is necessary because the tracking generator output level does not exactly
match the values specified in the table and it is frequency-dependent. If transmission measurements
are performed on a two-port, the calibration takes the transmission characteristics of the test setup and
the frequency response of the tracking generator into account and corrects the measurement with the
correction data that has been obtained. When a reflection measurement is to be performed, during
calibration the R&S FSH measures the reflection coefficient at a short and at an open on the bridge.
These two measurements provide the correction data for reflection measurements.

0 dB

reference

Measurement

mode

Calibration

status

Measurement

format

Selection of the

measurement mode

Selection of

calibration

routine

Selection of the

result display

Selection of the

measurement format

When the tracking generator is switched on, the status display indicates UNCAL. This indicates that
tracking generator measurements are uncalibrated. The level axis is in the relative unit dB. Apart from
the level values, the 0 dB reference is also displayed. This corresponds to a reference level of 0 dBm in
the spectrum analyzer mode (= nominal output level of the tracking generator.

R&S FSH Two-port measurements with the tracking generator

1309.6275.12 4.47 E-2

When the tracking generator is on, measurement parameters like bandwidth or the frequency range are
s

elected with the appropriate keys as in the spectrum analyzer mode. When the MEAS key is pressed,
the softkey menu for the tracking generator is displayed.

Before calibration, the output level of the tracking generator, the frequency range you want and the
a

ppropriate reference level should be set because calibration is only valid for the calibrated frequency
range and reference. Changing these parameters after calibration invalidates calibration.

Note: The calibration remains valid if the start frequency, stop frequency, center frequency and span
are subsequently changed within the calibrated frequency range. In this case, the R&S FSH
interpolates the correction data between the reference points of the calibration. The R&S FSH retains
the calibration values but displays a red dot before the tracking generator status display to indicate a
possible increase in measurement uncertainty.

With an integrated VSWR bridge (models R&S FSH4, order number 1309.600.24 and R&S FSH8, order
number 1309.600.28) the R&S FSH can measure the match at both the input and the output of a DUT
and the transmission from input to output and vice versa (2-port capability). For this purpose, it
internally switches the tracking generator to each of the required N-connectors, which are labelled port
1 and port 2 for this purpose.

Note: In spectrum analysis mode, port 1 is used as the RF input.

In devices which are not equipped with a VSWR bridge (Models R&S FSH4, order number 1309.600.14
and R&S FSH8, order number 1309.600.18), the generator output switching option is absent. These
devices can therefore measure only the transmission from the tracking generator output (= port 2) to the
RF input (= port 1) (TRANSMISSION REVERSE PORT 2 -> PORT 1). These devices also measure
only the transmitted power (scalar measurement). The phase response cannot be measured by means
of the measurement object.

Calibration is therefore available, regardless of the device model, in different versions:

Full Two-Port: Reference measurements are performed for transmission and reflection

measurement at both measurement ports (ports 1 and 2). This means that
all measurements in “Network” mode are performed with maximum
accuracy. The indication ‘(CAL)’ shows in the status display. With regards
to subsequent measurements at the DUT, this calibration method is the
most flexible. However, it is also the most time-consuming, because all
calibration standards (Open, Short, Load, Through) must be connected to
both ports, which requires a total of seven measurement steps.

Reflection Port 1: Performs vector reference measurements for later measurement of match

or reflection at port 1. In this case, calibration requires the calibration
standards to be connected to a single RF connector (3 measurement
steps).

Transmission Fwd: Performs vector reference measurements for the transmission from port 1

to port 2.

Transmission Rev: Performs vector reference measurements for the transmission from port 2

to port 1.

Reflection Port 2: Performs vector reference measurements for later measurement of match

or reflection at port 2.

Normalize …: When selecting a normalization, a single reference measurement is made

at the corresponding port or between both ports. By means of this
reference measurement, for example, the frequency and phase response
of a connected measurement cable can be compensated accurately
enough without having to carry out a time-consuming full calibration.

Note: In SCALAR mode and in instrument models without the VSWR

bridge, only the NORMALIZE calibration type is provided.

Two-port measurements with the tracking generator R&S FSH

1309.6275.12 4.48 E-2

Note: With an SD memory card inserted, you can toggle between internal

memory and the memory card with the INTERNAL/SD-CARD softkey.

Setting the output level:

 Press the TG OUTPUT ATTENUATION softkey in

the AMPT menu.

The input field for selecting the output level will open.
The output level is set by selecting an attenuation
value (0 dB to 50 dB). If you select 0 dB, the output
level will be 0 dBm. If you select 50 dB, the output level
will be –50 dBm.

 Using the numeric keys, the rotary knob or the

cursor keys, define the attenuation value you want.

Measuring the transmission of two-ports

To perform a transmission measurement, connect the input of the DUT to the generator output and the
DUT’s output to the RF input of the R&S FSH. The R&S FSH measures the magnitude of the DUT’s
transmission. The operating sequence is explained below using a transmission measurement on a
two-port filter with a center frequency of 2060 MHz and a bandwidth of approx. 11 MHz as an example.
The measurement example starts with the R&S FSH in its default setting.

Setting the frequency range:

 Press the PRESET key.

 Press the MODE key.

 Press the NETWORK ANALYZER softkey.

The R&S FSH displays the tracking generator menu. As calibration has not been performed, UNCAL is
displayed in the upper area of the measurement diagram.

 Press the FREQ key.

 Using the number keys, enter the center frequency (2060 MHz in this example).

 Press the SPAN key.

 Using the number keys, enter the span (50 MHz in this example).

Scalar transmission measurement:

 Press the MEAS key.

 Press the MEAS MODE softkey.

 Select SCALAR using the rotary knob and confirm

with either the ENTER key or the MEAS MODE
softkey.

 Press the CALIBRATE softkey.

 Select NORMALIZE TRANSMISSION FWD

(PORT1 -> 2) using the rotary knob and confirm
with the ENTER key or the CALIBRATE softkey.

R&S FSH Two-port measurements with the tracking generator

1309.6275.12 4.49 E-2

The R&S FSH now prompts you to connect its RF
i

nput to the tracking generator output so that

calibration can be carried out.

 Connect the RF input of the R&S RSH3 directly to

the tracking generator output without the DUT.

 Press the softkey CONTINUE to start calibration.

 To abort calibration, press the fourth or fifth softkey

CANCEL.

When calibration is done, the R&S FSH outputs the
message "Calibration done!" in the lower area of the
display and (Cal) in the upper area of the display.

 Connect the DUT between the RF input and the

generator's output.

The R&S FSH displays the transmission magnitude.
Values can be read off with, for example, the markers.

The transmission calibration remains valid until the center frequency or the span is changed on the
R&S FSH to such an extent that the new span falls outside the calibrated frequency range. UNCAL is
displayed in the upper area of the screen when calibration is no longer valid.

If the reference is changed after calibration, greater measurement uncertainty must be anticipated. The
R&S FSH retains the calibration data but displays APPROX in the upper area of the screen to indicate a
possible increase in measurement uncertainty (< 0.3 dB).

Changing any other of the parameters like bandwidth, detector, sweep time or measurement range has
no effect on measurement accuracy. This means they can be changed after calibration without any
reduction in accuracy.

When a data set for scalar transmission measurement is stored with calibration performed, the
calibration data can be stored along with the other settings (see Chapter 2, section "Saving Calibration
Data"). Thus, once the setting has been retrieved, measurement can be performed without first
performing a calibration.

Measurement on amplifiers:

With measurements on amplifiers, the reference must be shifted so that the amplifier's transmission
function can be seen on the screen. An increase of the reference level corresponds to an increase of
the input attenuation. The R&S FSH provides a reference setting for this purpose. The position of the
0 dB reference can be shifted to positive or negative values.

Two-port measurements with the tracking generator R&S FSH

1309.6275.12 4.50 E-2

 Press the AMPT key.

 Press the REF LEVEL softkey.

 Change the reference using the rotary knob or the

cursor keys, or enter a new reference via the
numeric keypad.

 Confirm the entry with the ENTER key or the REF

LEVEL softkey.

When performing measurements on amplifiers, make sure the R&S FSH is not overdriven. The risk of
overdriving is eliminated when the trace is within the display area on the screen (with REF POSITION =
10 dB).
The reference can also be shifted without increasing the input attenuation – for example, in order to
move the trace to the center of the screen. This is done using the REFPOS function. The values 0 to 10
indicate the horizontal lines from bottom to top (with 0 = bottom line, 10 = uppermost line). The value 5
indicates the center line of the diagram.

 Press the AMPT key.

 Press the REFPOS softkey.

 Change the reference position using the rotary knob

or the cursor keys, or enter a new reference position
via the numeric keypad.

 Confirm the entry with the ENTER key or the

REFPOS softkey.

Vector measurement

(Only for R&S FSH4/8 with tracking generator and integrated VSWR bridge (order number

1309.6000.24 or 1309.6000.28) and R&S FSH-K42 (vector reflection and transmission measurement)
option installed in conjunction with R&S FSH-Z28 or R&S FSH-Z29 (calibration standards)).

With vector measurements, the R&S FSH analyzes both magnitude and phase of the receive signal,
thus correcting the influence it has on the measurement result by means of the complex correction
values obtained from the calibration types with correct phase. Reference is made to the calibration
standards used (through connection and 50  termination).

Compared to scalar measurement, the vector transmission measurement yields higher measurement
accuracy and dynamic range. One of the main benefits of vector measurement is that it also lets you
determine the phase, group delay and electrical length of a DUT. These measurements are possible
only after calibration has been performed; they remain disabled (command dimmed) until this is done.

For vector measurements, the following calibration types are available.

R&S FSH Two-port measurements with the tracking generator

1309.6275.12 4.51 E-2

1. Full Two Port:
Both test ports are calibrated for a complete set of measurements (input reflection (S11),
forward transmission (S21), reverse transmission (S12) and output reflection (S22). The
calibration routine therefore requires the connection of the standards load, open and short to
both test ports, and a through connection of the test ports. The influences of the test setup and
of the isolation between the test ports are thereby determined and taken into account in the
subsequent measurement of the device under test.
While this method is the most time-consuming during calibration, it does provide the greatest
accuracy for all measurements at both test ports without recalibration and is thus the most
flexible.
Note:
The instrument is delivered with a full two port calibration (factory calibration). This does not,
however, take into account the influence of the actual test setup (cabling). Thus all
measurements are possible, even without further calibration, however, the accuracy is limited
because the actual test setup is not taken into account. For this reason, the instrument
indicates "(Uncal)" in the status line. To achieve the best possible measuring accuracy, we
recommend that the calibration is repeated with the test setup in use.

2. Reflection Port 1:
Test port 1 is calibrated for the reflection measurement (S11). The calibration routine requires
the calibration standards open, short and load to be connected one after another.
Note:
The instrument is delivered with a full two port calibration (factory calibration). If, after
calibration of the reflection at port 1, other measurements (Transmission Fwd / Rev, Reflection
Port 2) are selected, the R&S FSH uses the appropriate calibration data from the factory
calibration. The measurements are thus possible but only with limited accuracy because the
test setup in use is not taken into account. For this reason, the instrument indicates "(Uncal)" in
the status line.

3. Transmission Fwd (Port 1 -> 2):
Forward transmission (S21) is calibrated. The calibration routine requires a through connection
as well as the connection of the calibration standards open and short to Port 1. The influences
of test setup and the isolation between the test ports are thereby determined and taken into
account in the subsequent measurement of the device under test.
Note:
The instrument is delivered with a full two port calibration (factory calibration). If, after
calibration of the forward transmission, other measurements (Transmission Rev, Reflection Port
1 / Port 2) are selected, the R&S FSH uses the appropriate calibration data from the factory
calibration. The measurements are thus possible but only with limited accuracy because the
test setup in use is not taken into account. For this reason, the instrument indicates "(Uncal)" in
the status line.

4. Transmission Rev (Port 2 -> 1):
Reverse transmission (S12) is calibrated. The calibration routine requires a through connection
as well as the connection of the calibration standards open and short to Port 2. The influences
of the test setup and of the isolation between the test ports are thereby determined and taken
into account in the subsequent measurement of the device under test.
Note:
The instrument is delivered with a full two port calibration (factory calibration). If, after
calibration of the forward transmission, other measurements (Transmission Rev, Reflection Port
1 / Port 2) are selected, the R&S FSH uses the appropriate calibration data from the factory
calibration. The measurements are thus possible but only with limited accuracy because the
test setup in use is not taken into account. For this reason, the instrument indicates "(Uncal)" in
the status line.

Two-port measurements with the tracking generator R&S FSH

1309.6275.12 4.52 E-2

5. Reflection Port 2:
T

est port 2 is calibrated for the reflection measurement (S22). The calibration routine requires
the calibration standards open, short and load.
Note:
The instrument is delivered with a full two port calibration (factory calibration). If, after
calibration of the reflection at port 1, other measurements (Transmission Fwd / Rev, Reflection
Port 2) are selected, the R&S FSH uses the appropriate calibration data from the factory
c

alibration. The measurements are thus possible but only with limited accuracy because the
test setup in use is not taken into account. For this reason, the instrument indicates "(Uncal)" in
the status line.

6. Normalize Reflection Port 1 (Short):
Test port 1 is calibrated for the reflection measurement (S11). The calibration routine requires
only the calibration standard short. In the subsequent measurement, the isolation between the
test ports is not taken into account, a possible cross-talk between the test ports in the test setup
is not eliminated.
Note:
For the selection of other measurements, the same applies as for Reflection Port 1.

7. Normalize Reflection Port 2 (Short):
Test port 2 is calibrated for the reflection measurement (S22). The calibration routine requires
only the calibration standard short. In the subsequent measurement, the isolation between the
test ports is not taken into account, a possible cross-talk between the test ports in the test setup
is not eliminated.
Note:
For the selection of other measurements, the same applies as for Reflection Port 2.

Vector transmission measurement

Switching on vector measurement:

 Press the MODE key.

 Press the NETWORK ANALYZER softkey.

 Select VECTOR from the MEAS MODE menu using

the cursor keys or the rotary knob.

 Confirm your choice with the ENTER key or the

MEAS MODE softkey.

Calibrating the measurement:

Before the R&S FSH is calibrated, the desired center frequency and span must be set. If they are set
later, the calibration values are lost and the measurement must be recalibrated.

Note: The calibration remains valid if the start frequency, stop frequency, center frequency and span
are subsequently changed within the calibrated frequency range. In this case, the R&S FSH
interpolates the correction data between the reference points of the calibration. The R&S FSH retains
the calibration values but indicates a possible increase in measurement uncertainty by displaying
(APPROX) in the upper area of the screen..

R&S FSH Two-port measurements with the tracking generator

1309.6275.12 4.53 E-2

 Press the MEAS key.

 Press the CALIBRATION softkey.

 Select TRANSMISSION FWD (PORT1 -> 2) using

the rotary knob and confirm with ENTER or the
CALIBRATION softkey.

To calibrate the transfer measurement, the R&S FSH

requests that the RF input be connected to the

tracking generator output.

 Connect the RF input of the R&S FSH directly to

the tracking generator output without the DUT.

 Press the CONTINUE softkey to start calibration.

 By pressing the CANCEL softkey, calibration can

be aborted.

The R&S FSH then requests to terminate the output of
the tracking generators into 50  (LOAD).

 Connect the generator output with the

50  termination.

 Press the CONTINUE softkey.

When calibration is over, TRANSMISSION VECTOR
(CAL) is displayed in the upper area of the screen to
indicate that the R&S FSH is vector-calibrated for
transmission measurement.

Setting the result display

The R&S FSH provides an option to change the results display so that the desired measurement result
is displayed. You can then choose between reflection at port 1 or at port 2 (REFLECTION PORT 1 or
REFLECTION PORT 2) or transmission in the forward or reverse direction (TRANSMISSION FWD
(PORT 1->2) or TRANSMISSION REV (PORT 1->2)).

By default the R&S FSH displays the transmission in reverse direction (Port 2 -> Port 1)

 Press the RESULT DISPLAY softkey.

 Select the desired result display using the rotary

knob or the cursor key and confirm with ENTER or
the RESULT DISPLAY softkey

The R&S FSH now displays the selected measurement
result on the screen.