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Power Reflection Meter NRT
200 kHz to 4 GHz 0.3 mW to 2000 W
• Power measurement on transmitters,
amplifiers, industrial RF and microwave generators
• Simultaneous display of power and
reflection
• Measurement of average power irrespective of modulation mode
• Measurement of peak power, crest
factor and average burst power
• Compatible with all main digital standards, eg GSM/EDGE, 3GPP
(W-/TD-CDMA), CDMA (IS-95),
CDMA2000, PHS, NADC, PDC, TETRA,
DECT, DAB, DVB-T...
• Intelligent sensors: simply plug in and
go
• IEC625 (IEEE488) bus and
RS-232 interface
• Digital interface between sensor and
basic unit
• Direct connection of sensor to a PC
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Power Reflection Meter NRT ...
• For mobile use, service, development, production and
quality management
• Up to 3 (4) measurement channels
• Digital sensor interface
• Sensor operation directly on PC
• Entire range of sensors of predecessor model NAP connectible
Directional power meters are connected between
source and load and measure the power flow in
both directions. The power applied to the load and
the reflection can thus be measured.
Compared to low-cost instruments, power meters
like NRT provide a number of benefits: most importantly high measurement accuracy through excellent
directivity and a measurement method that determines the average power like a thermal power meter.
The instruments thus provide correct measurement
results even in case of modulation or in the presence
of several carriers. Power Sensors NRT-Z43/-Z44 feature low insertion loss, very good matching and
excellent intermodulation characteristics: the signal
to be measured is virtually unaffected, the sensor is
fully transparent.
Directional power meters are used to
measure power and reflection under
operational conditions. Typical applications are in installation, maintenance and
monitoring of transmitters, antennas and
RF generators in industrial and medical
fields.
Versatile measurement functions ...
Power Reflection Meter NRT is the right
choice: rugged, accurate and compact.
Due to the large variety of measurement
functions and high accuracy it is suitable
for classic applications in mobile use as
well as for use in research, development,
production and quality management.
2 Power Reflection Meter NRT
... from HF through to digital radiocommunications
With Power Sensors NRT-Z43 and NRTZ44, NRT is tailor-made to present and
future requirements of radiocommunications: the wide frequency range from
200 (400) MHz to 4 GHz covers all relevant
frequency bands, the measurement
method is compatible with all common
analog and in particular digital modulation standards: GSM/EDGE, 3GPP
(W-/TD-CDMA), CDMA (IS-95),
CDMA2000, PHS, NADC, PDC, TETRA,
DECT, DAB, DVB-T and many more. The
complete range of sensors of the predecessor model NAP is available for the customary frequency ranges, eg shortwave;
the sensors can be connected via an
option.
Measurement directly on PC
While conventional power sensors can
only be used in conjunction with a basic
unit, the NRT family is a step further
ahead: the sensors are self-contained
measuring instruments which are able to
communicate with the basic unit or with
a PC via a standard serial data interface.
Apart from the possibility of operating the
sensor directly at the RS-232 or PC Card
interface of a PC, this concept provides a
number of further benefits: practically
maintenance-free basic unit, high immunity to radiated interference – an important feature for measurements in the near
field of antennas – and remote operation
over very long distances (up to 500 m).
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... a concept satisfying highest demands
Forward power
G
Source
NRT-Z43/-Z44
NRT-Z3
RS-232-C
NRT-Z4
Ba tter y, NAP sen sor c onn ecto r an d two NRT s ens or co nne ctors are accessible on the rear panel
Reverse power
AC line
DC
PC Card
Ease of operation
With its large display and a manageable
nu mbe r of clear ly l aid -ou t keys , op erati on
of the NRT basic unit is extremely easy.
Switchover between the main functions
NRT
Load
.
POWER REFLECTION METER N RT
SENSOR POWER MENU REFLECTION
SCALE SCALE
AVG
ENV
AUTO AUTO
dBm
REF
W
PC
Laptop
SWR
CORR
CONF
RFL
LOCAL
SEL
UTIL
ON / ST B Y
Power and reflection measurement with NRT-Z43/
-Z44: readout of results
either on basic unit or
directly on PC
is made at a keystroke. Additional settings are selected in three clearly
arranged menus, each of which can be
accessed at a keystroke.
A large variety of functions is available for
daily routine measurements:
• Choice between average power,
average burst power, peak envelope
power (PEP) and peak-to-average
power ratio (crest factor)
• Switchover between forward power
and absorbed power
• Measurement of power differences in
dB or %
• Choice between return loss, SWR, reflection coefficient and reverse-to-forward power ratio in % in reflection
measurements
• Display of amplitude distribution
(CCDF) for modulated signals
• Consideration of cable loss between
sensor and load
• Acoustic SWR monitoring
• Indication of maximum and minimum
values
• Quasi-analog bargraph display
• Choice between measurement at the
source or at the load
Versatile through options
The NRT basic unit comes with an IECbus (IEEE488) and RS-232 interface, both
to SCPI standard. Three options allow the
NRT to be adapted to different applications:
• An additional test input allows the
sensors of predecessor model NAP to
be connected, thus covering the frequency range from 200 kHz with power up to 1 kW and above (NRT-B1)
• Two additional test inputs for sensors
of type NRT-Z (option NRT-B2) allow
monitoring of up to three test points
(to be scanned by manual or remote
control)
• Battery and built-in charger enable
mobile use (NRT-B3)
Power Reflection Meter NRT 3
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Sensor with PC interface
Directional Power Sensors
NRT-Z43/-Z44
Power Sensors NRT-Z43 and NRT-Z44 can
be used as self-contained measuring
instruments with digital interface even
without the basic unit. In addition to a
directional coupler and analog section,
they comprise a processor kernel for control of the hardware and remote interface
and for processing the measured data
(temperature compensation, linearization, zeroing
and frequencyresponse correction). This
compact
concept
allows a
ensures of
measurement
functions without the restrictions of conventional analog solutions.
Average power (rms value)
This measurement function returns for
any type of test signal – whether modulated, unmodulated or several carriers –
the average value of the power, ie a result
as provided by a thermal power meter. It
features a measurement range of 35 dB
to 40 dB as well as high measurement
accuracy.
Peak envelope power (PEP) and crest
factor
These two parameters provide information on the peak power of a modulated
envelope and thus describe the overdrive
characteristics of transmitter output
stages. The result of the crest factor
measurement is referred to the average
power and read out in dB. The measurements are carried out with a video bandwidth adjustable in several steps and
allow determination even of short-time,
high power peaks generated, for example, by CDMA base stations.
Average burst power
This function can be used for measuring
modulated and unmodulated bursts. The
measurement is based on the average
power and the duty cycle, which may be
defined by the user or determined automatically by the power sensor.
Complementary cumulative distribution
function (CCDF)
This function measures the probability of
the peak envelope power exceeding a
preset threshold so that the amplitude
distribution of transmitted signals with
non-determined envelope can be determined.
Matching
The power sensor calculates the matching of the load from the average values of
forward and reverse power. This
parameter can be output in all
common representations – as
return loss, SWR, reflection coef-
ficient or power ratio in %. Since
the reverse power measurement channel is 10 dB more sensitive than the forward channel, matching measurements
can already be made at very low powers.
Excellent shielding
The power sensors feature excellent
shielding so that emissions from the
microprocessor or from the digital data
stream on the connecting cable are completely blocked out. Any radiated emissions at the RF connectors are below the
limit of detection. The excellent intermodulation characteristics keep unwanted
frequency components resulting from the
insertion of the power sensor to a minimum. These are all good reasons to use
NRT-Z43 and NRT-Z44 not only for testing
but also in fixed installations.
PEP
Power
0
4 Power Reflection Meter NRT
CF =
BRST.AV
AVG
PEP
AVG
Time
The main parameters of modulated RF shown in the example of a TDMA signal (one active timeslot) with
modulation:
average power (AVG)
peak envelope power (PEP)
crest factor (CF)
average burst power (BRST.AV)
π/4DQPSK
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Direct power
monitoring on PC
This is the most economical way of performing
high-precision power and
reflection measurements
with Power Sensors NRTZ43 and NRT-Z44. Via Interface Converters NRT-Z3
and NRT-Z4, the two sensors can be operated on
the serial RS-232 or PC
Card interface of any PC. In addition to
purely remote-controlled applications, eg
power monitoring in transmitter stations
and EMC test systems, this solution is
ideal where the data are to be collected
by a computer. This may be in the development laboratory as well as in the maintenance of base stations, where in addition to power and reflection other parameters have to be measured and recorded.
A Windows user interface (V-NRT, supplied with the sensors) is available for all
these applications. This program allows
setting of all the available measurement
functions as well as display and storage
both of individual results and of whole
measurement series.
Interface Converter NRT-Z4
Windows User Interface V-NRT
Directional Power Sensors NAP-Z
The power sensors of the predecessor
model NAP cover all the main frequency
bands, from the maritime radio frequencies at 200 kHz via the shortwave range
and the aeronautical radio bands through
to the GSM 900 network at 900 MHz. The
power measurement range extends from
0.3 mW to 2 kW.
Like Power Sensors NRT-Z43 and
NRT-Z44, all sensors of the NAP-Z series
are able to measure the average power
irrespective of the modulation mode and
some of them even the peak envelope
power (PEP). All NAP-Z sensors up to
1 GHz have a directivity of at least 30 dB
and thus allow very precise reflection and
power measurements.
ward and reflected wave and influences
the accuracy both of the reflection and
the power measurement.
Directivity defines the absolute maximum
for the measurable return loss. The return
loss of a load featuring good matching
can only be measured with low measurement uncertainty if the directivity is sufficiently high, as for instance with Power
Sensors NRT-Z and NAP-Z.
High directivity is also required for accurate power measurements on mismatched loads. The use of low-cost
instruments may lead to a considerable
measurement uncertainty, with too high
or too low val ues be ing in dicat ed d epend ing on the phase of the load reflection
coefficient.
Win dows is a r egis tered trad emar k of M icro soft Corp .
High directivity means high
measurement accuracy
The two main parameters for specifying
the accuracy of a directional power meter
are the power measurement uncertainty
with matched load and the directivity. The
directivity is a measure of the selectivity
of the directional coupler between for-
Power Reflection Meter NRT 5
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Versatile applications
NRT is also ideal for mobile use, eg for measurements on
GSM antennas
Continuous monitoring of
transmitter systems
Many applications call for continuous
monitoring of power and reflection, eg to
enable fast reaction in case of any damage to the antenna. Apart from providing
high accuracy, the measuring instrument
must not affect SWR and attenuation in
the antenna feeder nor should it generate
any interfering signals. This means very
good matching, low insertion loss and
excellent intermodulation characteristics:
all these features are of course provided
by Power Sensors NRT-Z43 and NRT-Z44
as standard. On top of this, the sum
power is indicated when a multicarrier
signal is applied – a feature rarely found
in other directional power sensors. Since
the length of the connecting cable is not
critical because of digital data transfer,
Directional Power Sensors NRT-Z43 and
NRT-Z44 can be fitted where they measure most accurately: at the antenna
feedpoint.
Fit for mobile use
Low weight, ease of operation, clearly
arranged result display and in particular
its rugged design and battery powering
facility make the NRT an ideal measuring
instrument for use in installation, maintenance and repair, eg of digital mobile
radio base stations.
The optional Battery Supply NRT-B3, consisting of battery and built-in quick
charger, allows eight hours of continuous
operation and recharging within two
hours. And if the time factor is crucial, the
instrument can be made fit for twenty
minutes operation by charging the battery for as little as five minutes. Should
recharging of the battery not be possible
at all, the battery can be replaced in next
to no time. The NRT and its accessories
can be accommodated in a weatherproof
carrying bag.
PEP
CF =
AVG
BRST.AV
AVG
Results can be evaluated and recorded
either at the NRT basic unit or directly at
the PC. If fitted with three test inputs
(option NRT-B2), NRT allows monitoring
of several antennas.
6 Power Reflection Meter NRT
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NRT during installation of a mobile radio base station
For measurements on CDMA signals to
3GPP, IS-95 or CDMA2000, the "peak
envelope power" function can also be
used to advantage besides the "average
power" function. It enables measurement
of the short-time peak values that are
approx. 10 dB above the average value,
thus providing information on the overdrive capability of the transmitter output
stage. The peak envelope power can be
read out as an absolute value in W or
dBm or as a relative value in dB, referred
to the average value (as crest factor).
The complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) is available for determining the signal amplitude distribution.
This function provides information about
the percentage of time during which the
peak envelope power exceeds a preset
threshold.
Power measurement with digital
modulation
In contrast to many other directional
power meters allowing measurement of
RF and microwave signals with unmodulated envelope only, Power Sensors NRTZ43 and NRT-Z44 have been designed to
meet also the requirements of digitally
modulated signals. The foremost feature
of these sensors is that they are able to
correctly measure the average power
(rms value) of a signal independent of its
envelope, ie they behave like a thermal
power meter. This function provides the
best in accuracy and measurement range
(35 dB to 40 dB).
For measurements in TDMA systems
the "average burst power" function
allows measurement of the transmitter
power in an active timeslot. If several
timeslots are active, as in the case of base
stations, the average power over all
timeslots can be determined with the
"average power" function. Overshoots at
the beginning of a timeslot or peak
values caused by modulation (eg with
π/4DQPSK) can be measured down to a
minimum duration of 200 ns with the aid
of the "peak envelope power" function.
Power Reflection Meter NRT 7
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Specifications
Parameter
Power measurement range
Frequency range 400 MHz to 4 GHz 200 MHz to 4 GHz
SWR (referred to 50
(max. power
Insertion loss
see diagram)
General data
2)
Directivity
Definition
Power measurement range
CF (crest factor): peak-to-average ratio
4)
3)
Modulation
Measurement uncertainty
at (18 to 28) °C, CW signal
Modulated signal same as CW signal, plus errors due to modulation
Zero offset
Average power measurement
Typ. errors due to modulation
Temperature coefficient
Measurement time/averaging factor
Values in ( ) for high resolution setting
Definition
Sensor
1)
Ω)
0.0007 W to 30 W (average)/75 W (peak) 0.003 W to 120 W (average)/300 W (peak)
1.07 max. from 0.4 GHz to 3 GHz
1.12 max. from 3 GHz to 4 GHz
0.06 dB max. from 0.4 GHz to 1.5 GHz
0.09 dB max. from 1.5 GHz to 4 GHz
30 dB min. from 0.4 GHz to 3 GHz
26 dB min. from 3 GHz to 4 GHz
NRT-Z43 NRT-Z44
1.07 max. from 0.2 GHz to 3 GHz
1.12 max. from 3 GHz to 4 GHz
0.06 dB max. from 0.2 GHz to 1.5 GHz
0.09 dB max. from 1.5 GHz to 4 GHz
30 dB min. from 0.2 GHz to 3 GHz
26 dB min. from 3 GHz to 4 GHz
mean value of carrier power, averaged over several modulation cycles
(thermal equivalent, true rms value in case of voltage measurement)
5)
0.007 [0.0007] W to 75 W (CW, FM,
equivalent)
6)
to 30 [3] W
to 75 [7.5] W/CF
((W)CDMA, DAB/DVB-T)
6)
(other modulation modes)
ϕM, FSK, GMSK or
0.03 [0.003] W to 300 W (CW, FM,
equivalent)
to 120 [12] W
to 300 [30] W/CF
6)
((W)CDMA, DAB/DVB-T)
6)
(other modulation modes)
ϕM, FSK, GMSK or
for all kinds of analog and digital modulation; lowest frequency component of signal envelope
should exceed 7 Hz for steady indication
8)
7)
3.2% of rdg (0.14 dB)
±0.001 [±0.0001] W
8)
plus zero offset
9)
FM, ϕM, FSK, GMSK ±0 % of rd g (0 dB)
10)
14)
15)
AM (80%) ±3% of rdg (±0.13 dB)
CDMA (IS-95), DAB
CDMA2000 (3X)
11)
12)
±1% of rdg (±0.04 dB)
±2% of rdg (±0.09 dB)
0.25%/K (0.011 dB/K) 0.4 GHz to 4 GHz 0.25%/K (0.011 dB/K) 0.3 GHz to 4 GHz
1.4 (4.9) s / 32 (128) 0 W to 0.05 W
0.37 (1.4) s / 4 (32) 0.05 W to 0.5 W
0.26 (0.37) s / 1 (4) 0.5 W to 75 W
3.2% of rdg (0.14 dB)
4.0% of rdg (0.17 dB)
plus zero offset
±0.004 [±0.0004] W
13)
W-CD MA
11)
DVB-T
π/4-DQPSK ±2% of rdg (±0.09 dB)
2 CW carriers ±2% of rdg (±0.09 dB)
0.40%/K (0.017 dB/K) 0.2 GHz to 0.3 GHz
1.4 (4.9) s / 32 (128) 0 W to 0.2 W
0.37 (1.4) s / 4 (32) 0.2 W to 2 W
0.26 (0.37) s / 1 (4) 2 W to 300 W
from 0.3 GHz to 4 GHz
8)
from 0.2 GHz to 0.3 GHz
9)
±2% of rdg (±0.09 dB)
±2% of rdg (±0.09 dB)
average on-power of periodic carrier bursts, based on measurement of average power under consideration of
burst width t and repetition rate 1/T: average burst power = average power x T/t;
t and T can be given (calculate mode) or measured (measure mode)
Power measurement range
Calculate mode
4)
3)
Measure mode
(only with forward direction 1
5)
Burst width (t)
Calculate mode
Measure mode
Repetition rate (1/T) 7/s min.
Duty cycle t/T
Calculate mode
Measure mode
Video bandwidth settings in { }
Measurement uncertainty at (18 to 28) °C
Average burst power measurement
Calculate mode
Measure mode
Temperature coefficient same as for average power measurement
Measurement time/averaging factor
Calculate mode
Measure mode with 0.1 duty cycle
Values in ( ) for high resolution setting
→ 2)
0.007 [0.0007] W x
T
--t
0.03 [0.003] W x
T
--t
up to specified upper limit of average power measurement
same as for calculate mode, but at least 0.5 (1.25) W with NRT-Z43 and 2 (5) W with NRT-Z44;
values in ( ) for "FULL" video bandwidth setting
0.2 µs to 150 ms
500 µs to 150 ms {4 kHz}/10 µs to 150 ms {200 kHz}/1 µs to 150 ms {"FULL"}
as defined by burst width and repetition rate
0.01 to 1
same as for average power measurement; stated zero offset multiplied by T/t
same as for calculate mode plus 2% of rdg (0.09 dB) at 0.1 duty cycle
15)
see average power measurement with corresponding average power value
16)
(average burst power multiplied by t/T)
1.6 (9.5) s / 4 (32) 0.5 W to 5 W
0.75 (1.6) s / 1 (4) 5 W to 75 W
1.6 (9.5) s / 4 (32) 2 W to 20 W
0.75 (1.6) s / 1 (4) 20 W to 300 W
8 Power Reflection Meter NRT
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Parameter
Definition
Power measurement range see average power and peak envelope power specifications
Measurement uncertainty approx. 4.3 dB x (measurement error of peak hold circuit in W divided by peak envelope power)
(crest factor)
measurement
Peak-to-average ratio
Measurement time/averaging factor
Definition
Power measurement range
Burst signals (repetition rate 20/s min.)
Sensor
ratio of peak envelope power to average power in dB (only with 1 → 2 forward direction)
0.1 W to 75 W, from 100 µs width {4 kHz}
0.25 W to 75 W, from 2 µs width {200 kHz}
0.5 W to 75 W, from 0.2 µs width {"FULL"}
NRT-Z43 NRT-Z44
see specifications for peak envelope power measurement
with simultaneous reflection measurement
peak value of carrier power (only with 1 → 2 forward direction)
0.4 W to 300 W, from 100 µs width {4 kHz}
1 W to 300 W, from 2 µs width {200 kHz}
2 W to 300 W, from 0.2 µs width {"FULL"}
CDMA (IS-95), W-CDMA, CDMA2000, DAB, DVB-T
Other type see burst signal of equivalent burst width
Measurement uncertainty
3)
at (18 to 28)°C
Measurement error limits of peak hold circuit for
burst signals with given burst width, repetition rate
100/s min., duty cycle 0.1 min.
at repetition rates from 20/s to 100/s add ±(1.6% of rdg + 0.04 W) add ±(1.6% of rdg + 0.15 W)
at duty cycles from 0.001 to 0.1
at burst widths from 0.5 µs to 1 µs
(0.2 µs to 0.5 µs)
Video bandwidth settings in { }
Typ. measurement errors of peak hold circuit with
spread-spectrum signals
Peak envelope power measurement (PEP)
CDMA (IS-95), DAB
CDMA2000 (3X)
Temperature coefficient
11)
12)
, W-CDMA
17)
14)
Measurement time/averaging factor
Values in ( ) for high resolution setting
Definition
Measurement range 0% to 100%
Measurement uncertainty at (18 to 28) °C
Threshold level range 0.25 W to 75 W 1 W to 300 W
(CCDF)
Accuracy of threshold level setting
at (18 to 28) °C
Complementary cumulative
4)
Measurement time/averaging factor
Values in ( ) for high resolution setting
distribution function measurement
Definition
Reflection measurement range
Return loss/SWR/reflection coefficient
Min. forward power 0.007 [0.07] W (specs met from 0.05 [0.5] W) 0.03 [0.3] W (specs met from 0.2 [2] W)
Measurement uncertainty see diagram
Measurement time/averaging factor same as measurement time of selected power measurement function, shortest with average power measurement
Reflection measurement
Values in { }: 3 GHz to 4 GHz
20) 21) 22) 23)
13)
, DVB-T
1 W to 75 W {"FULL" with modulation correction
switched on}
4 W to 300 W {"FULL" with modulation correction
switched on}
same as average power measurement, plus measurement error of peak hold circuit
9)
±(3% of rdg + 0.012 W)
±(3% of rdg + 0.05 W)
±(7% of rdg + 0.1 W)
from 200 µs {4 kHz}
9)
from 4 µs {200 kHz}
9)
from 1 µs {"FULL"}
add ±0.025 W {200 kHz, "FULL"}
add ±0.013 W {4 kHz}
±(3% of rdg + 0.05 W)
±(3% of rdg + 0.2 W)
±(7% of rdg + 0.4 W)
add ±0.10 W {200 kHz, "FULL"}
add ±0.05 W {4 kHz}
9)
from 200 µs {4 kHz}
9)
from 4 µs {200 kHz}
9)
from 1 µs {"FULL"}
add ±5% (10 %) of rdg
±(5% of rdg + 0.1 W)
±(15 % of rdg + 0.1 W)
±(5% of rdg + 0.4 W)
±(15 % of rdg + 0.4 W)
0.35%/K (0.015 dB/K) 0.4 GHz to 4 GHz 0.35%/K (0.015 dB/K) 0.3 GHz to 4 GHz
0.50%/K (0.022 dB/K) 0.2 GHz to 0.3 GHz
18)
15)
combination with NRT) 0.40 (0.55) s / 4 (8) {4 MHz}
PEP measurement only
(not possible in 0.28 (0.40) s / 1 (4) {4 kHz, 200 kHz}
with simultaneous reflection measurement 0.7 (1.5) s / 1 (4) {4 kHz, 200 kHz}
1.5 (2.7) s / 4 (8) {4 MHz}
probability in % of forward power envelope exceeding a given threshold
(only with 1
→ 2 forward direction)
19)
0.2%
±(5% of threshold level in W + 0.13 W) ±(5% of threshold level in W + 0.5 W)
15)
CCDF measurement only
18)
0.26 (0.37) s / 1 (4)
with simultaneous reflection measurement 0.7 (1.6) s / 1 (4)
(not possible in combination with NRT)
measurement of load match in terms of SWR, return loss or reflection coefficient
0 dB to 23 {20} dB / 1.15 {1.22} to
∞ / 0.07 {0.10} to 1
Power Reflection Meter NRT 9
Page 10
Sensor
Parameter
Power measurement range
Frequency range 25 MHz to 1 GHz 0.4 MHz to 80 MHz 0.2 (0.4 *)) MHz to 80 MHz
SWR (referred to 50
Insertion loss
up to 0.3 GHz
up to 0.5 GHz
General data
whole frequency range
Average power
3)
(max. power see diagrams)
3)
measurement
Peak envelope power measurement
2)
Directivity
Measurement range
Measurement uncertainty
at 20°C to 25 °C
9)
Zero offset
Temperature coefficient 0.25%/K max., to be considered outside temperature range 20°C to 25°C
Measurement time
Measurement range 0.5 W to 200 W 5 W to 2000 W
AM
Burst width t
Repetition rate 1/T
Measurement uncertainty
at 20°C to 25 °C
Error limits of peak hold circuit
Temperature coefficient same as for average power measurement
Measurement time
Reflection measurement range
Return loss/SWR/
reflection coefficient
Minimum forward power 0.1 (0.6) W 0.3 (2) W 1 (6) W 3 (20) W 0.5 (10) W 5 (100) W
Measurement uncertainty see diagram – specifications are valid only after zero adjustment and selection of average power measurement function
1)
Ω) 1.07 max. 1.07 max. 1.03 max. (1.02 max. from 1.5 MHz to 30 MHz)
5)
20)
21)
21)
NAP-Z3 NAP-Z4 NAP-Z5 NAP-Z6 NAP-Z7 NAP-Z8
0.01 W to 35 W 0.03 W to 110 W 0.1 W to 350 W 0.3 W to 1100 W 0.05 W to 200 W 0.5 W to 2000 W
0.10 dB max.
0.25 dB max.
0.75 dB max.
27 dB min. from 30 MHz to 1 GHz, 26 dB min. from 25 MHz to 30 MHz min. 25 dB
0.01 W to 35 W 0.03 W to 110 W 0.1 W to 350 W 0.3 W to 1100 W 0.05 W to 200 W 0.5 W to 2000 W
±0.0013 W ±0.004 W ±0.013 W ±0.04 W ±0.01 W ±0.1 W
1.5 s
0.08 dB max.
0.15 dB max.
0.35 dB max.
6% max. of rdg plus zero offset
0 dB to 23 dB / 1.15 to ∞ / 0.07 to 1 (30 MHz to 1 GHz) 0 dB to 28 dB / 1.08 to ∞ / 0.04 to 1 (1.5 MHz to 30 MHz)
0.08 dB max.
0.15 dB max.
0.20 dB max.
0.4 s 0.5 s
0.05 dB max.
0.10 dB max.
0.15 dB max.
±(2 (7)% of rdg + 0.04% of P
of equal amplitude, frequency offset 0.3 kHz to 3 kHz
(0.03 kHz to 0.3 kHz and 3 kHz to 10 kHz)
specs met at power values in ( )
0.015 dB max.
35 dB min. from 1.5 MHz to 30 MHz
(other frequencies see table)
6 [4] % max. of rdg
22)
plus zero offset (1.5 MHz to 30 MHz),
(other frequencies see table)
30 Hz to 10 kHz
20 µs min.
30/s min.
same as for average power measurement
plus measurement error of peak hold circuit
23)
)
nom
plus 0.003% of P
–
–
for two superimposed CW carriers
23)
/K
nom
Reflection measurement
Measurement time same as measurement time of selected power measurement function; shortest with average power measurement
Power measurement with NAP-Z sensors and option NRT-B1
Measurement channels 2 identical channels (for forward and reverse power) with same specifications
Range selection automatic
Certified Quality System
ISO 9001
Frequency response correction with NAP-Z7 and -Z8 under consideration of reported calibration factors
Zero adjustment with RF level switched off, duration approx. 5 s
RF connectors N male/N female (NAP-Z6: 7/16 male, 7/16 female)
Length of connecting cable 1.5 m
Length of extension cable max. 25 m (NAP-Z2)
Dimensions/weight 118 mm x 105 mm x 45 mm / 0.6 kg (NAP-Z3 to -Z5)
Certified Environmental System
ISO 14001
125 mm x 105 mm x 45 mm / 0.6 kg (NAP-Z6)
118 mm x 118 mm x 45 mm / 0.7 kg (NAP-Z7, -Z8, -Z10, -Z11)
Specifications of Power Sensors NAP-Z7/-Z8 outside the 1.5 MHz to 30 MHz frequency range (20°C to 25°C).
Values in [ ] taking into account the reported calibration factors. Calibration interval: 1 year
Frequency 0.2 to 0.4 0.4 to 1.5 30 to 50 50 to 80 MHz
Directivity
Uncertainty
for average power measurement
NAP-Z7
NAP-Z8
NAP-Z7
NAP-Z8
–
25
–
32 [15]
23
30
35 [12]
13 [6]
30
30
11 [4]
11 [4]
20
20
25 [5]
25 [5]
dB (min.)
dB (min.)
% of rdg (max.)
% of rdg (max.)
*) 0.4 MHz for PEP measurement only
DQS REG. NO 1954
REG. NO 1954
10 Power Reflection Meter NRT
Page 11
NAP-Z10 NAP-Z11
Models 02
0.005 W to 20 W 0.05 W to 200 W
35 MHz to 1 GHz
1.07 max.
0.10 dB max.
0.25 dB max.
0.75 dB max.
0.08 dB max.
0.15 dB max.
0.20 dB max.
27 dB min. from 40 MHz to 1 GHz
26 dB min. from 35 GHz to 40 GHz
0.005 W to 20 W
6.5% max. of rdg plus zero offset
0.05 W to 200 W
x
±0.001 W ±0.01 W
0.25%/K max., to be considered outside temperature range 20°C to 25 °C
0.5 s
0.05 W to 20 W 0.5 W to 200 W
50 Hz to 100 kHz
4.5 µs min.
50/s min.
same as for average power measurement, plus measurement error of peak hold circuit
23)
±(2 (3)% o f rdg + 0.02% of P
a repetition rate of 200/s to 200 000/s. Other rep. rates: ±0.02% of P
from 100/s to 200/s, 6.5 (8) % of rdg from 50/s to 100/s
same as for average power measurement plus 0.001% of P
for burst signals with 0.05 to 1 (0.005 to 0.05) duty cycle and
nom)
nom
nom
23)
/K
23)
, plus ±3.5 (5)% of rdg
1.5 s
0 dB to 23 dB / 1.15 to ∞ / 0.07 to 1
(40 MHz to 1 GHz)
0.05 (0.35) W 0.5 (3.5) W
specs met at power values in ( )
see diagram – specifications are valid only after zero adjustment and selection of average
power measurement function
same as measurement time of selected power measurement function,
shortest with average power measurement
kW
2
1.6
1.3
1.0
Forward power
0.8
0.65
0.5
0.2
W
W
2000
1000
500
200
Forward power
100
50
20
10
5
6
dB
4
2
Error limits
0
-2
-4
0.4
NAP-Z4
NAP-Z4
NAP-Z4
NAP-Z10
NAP-Z10
NAP-Z10
Var. 02
Var. 02
Var. 02
20
0
60
60
40
5
W
1000
800
600
AVG -10°C to 35°C
SWR
400
Forward power
200
<3
AVG +35°C to +50°C
<3
SWR
1.5
80
80
10
SWR (DUT) 1 to 3
NAP-Z7
NAP-Z8
NAP-Z6
NAP-Z6
NAP-Z6
NAP-Z3
NAP-Z3
NAP-Z3
100
100
5
13
∞
NAP-Z 9
NAP-Z 9
NAP-Z9
200 MHz
15
PEAK (max. 10 ms) SWR <3
AVG -10°C to +35°C
30
20
SWR
Frequency
SWR (Messobjekt)
SWR (Messobjekt)
SWR (DUT)
NAP-Z5/-Z11
NAP-Z5/-Z11
NAP-Z5/-Z11
-Z10 Var. 0 4
-Z10 Var. 0 4
-Z10 Var. 04
400 600
Frequency
NAP-Z3 to -Z6
NAP-Z7, -Z8
Return loss
<1.5
50
MHz
<3
<3
<3
25
dB
1
80
2
<1,5
<2
<3
<3
<3
<10
1000
800
3
30
4
Directional Power Sensors NAP-Z
Figs 1 and 2:
Maximum continuous power rating of sensors
(with modulated signals: peak envelope power (PEP))
Fig. 3:
Error limits (two standard deviations) for
reflection measurements with NAP-Z power sensors
(for min. forward power see sensor specifications)
Directional Power Sensors NRT-Z
Fig. 4:
Max. forward power vs. frequency (any direction)
Fig. 5:
Error limits (two standard deviations) for reflection measurements.
Min. forward power (1
0.05 W for NRT-Z43, 0.20 W for NRT-Z44
→ 2 forward direction):
100
6
dB
4
2
Error limits
0
2
-
-
4
0
Shadowed area: only NRT-Z44 (NRT-Z43: max. 700 W)
0.2
0.4
5
10
0.7 1
15
Power Reflection Meter NRT 11
2
3 4 GHz
Frequency
0.2(0.4) GHz to 3 GHz
3 GHz to 4 GHz
20 dB
Return loss
5
25
Page 12
1)
Dependent on measurement function.
2)
Rat io of mea sured for ward and reverse pow er in dB with perfectl y matched load.
3)
Spe cifi cati ons a pply to me asure ment of fo rwar d powe r.
4)
Val ues i n [ ]: 2 → 1 fo rwar d dir ecti on (i f dif fere nt fr om 1 → 2 f orwa rd di rect ion) .
5)
Power measurement below the given limits is possible at the expense of an increased influence of zero offset.
6)
Mea surement of aver age powe r up to the CW li mits is pos sible at th e expen se of inc reased meas ureme nt errors.
7)
Wit h matched load (SWR 1.2 max.) under co nside ratio n of the ca rrier fre quenc y that mu st be inp ut to an ac curacy of 1%; measure ment re sults ref erred to the load end of the sen sor, ave raging filter set to
autom atic mod e (hig h reso luti on). The inf luen ce of ha rmon ics of the car rier can be ne glec ted provi ded th ey are belo w −30 dB c up to 4 GHz , −35 dBc from 4 GH z to 10 GH z an d −60 dBc above 10 GHz. With a
loa d SWR of more th an 1.2, the inf luen ce of di recti vity on meas ured fo rward power is to be con sidered . The ass ocia ted expan ded un certain ty wit h a cover age facto r of k=2 equ als 6% of rd g (0.2 5 dB) x load
ref lect ion c oeff icie nt fo r car rier freq uenc ies u p to 3 GHz a nd 10 % o f rdg (0.4 dB) x load refl ecti on co effi cien t fro m 3 to 4 GH z. Exa mple: a mis match ed load wit h 3.0 SWR yie lds a 0.5 ref lecti on coef ficie nt
leading to an additional uncertainty of 3% of rdg (0.13 dB) in the frequency range up to 3 GHz. Overall measurement uncertainty wi ll be incr ease d to
3.22 + 32 % = 4.4 % of rdg. (0.19 dB).
8)
Exp anded unc ertai nty wit h a cover age factor k=2, which for a no rmal di stribution corre spond s to a cove rage probability of 95 %.
9)
After zero adjustment.
10)
In te mpera ture range (18 to 28 )°C, re lativ e to a CW sig nal. The erro r depen ds from case to case on the modu latio n param eters , eg the mo dulat ion fre quency wi th AM, an d the ind ividual sens or char acter istics. The specified tolerances refer to 1→2 forward di recti on and a power of 30 W (NRT-Z43) or 12 0 W (N RT-Z4 4). With burs t signa ls, the specified error s refer to an ave rage burst power of 30 W (NRT-Z43)
or 12 0 W (NRT-Z44). Since error s due to mo dulat ion are propo rtion al to powe r, they be come sm aller the lower the pow er: a W-C DMA signal with an average power of 30 W for instance will only cause a
ver y small err or of about ±0.5 % of Sensor NRT-Z44 wit h modul ation correc tion sw itche d on.
11)
With modulation correction switched on.
12)
Wit h modul ation cor recti on swit ched on (sa me as W-C DMA), chi p rate se t to 3.68 64 Mc/s .
13)
Sig nal sim ilar to tes t model 1 wit h 64 chan nels fo r downl ink with 3.84 Mc/s in line wit h 3GPP st andar d 3G TS 25. 141 V3. 1.0 (20 00-03 ); modulation correcti on swit ched on , chip ra te set according to test
signal.
14)
Sta tisti cally distributed with a mean value of 0%/K, the stated temperature coe fficients corres ponding to approxi matel y two sta ndard deviations. Temperature coefficients must be considered for calculation of measurement uncertainty below 18°C and above 28°C. Example: at +5°C and 1 GHz a temperature drift of (18 - 5) x 0.25% = 3.25% of rdg (0.14 dB) for average power measurement can be expected
rel ative to 18 °C. Com bined wit h the mea surement uncertainty of 3. 2% at 18 °C to 28 °C th e overal l uncer taint y will be
3.22 + 3.252 % = 4.6 % of rdg. (0.19 dB) at 5°C.
15)
Settled readings, with level-dependent (automatic) averaging of measurement results. Measurement times are defined as from input of trigger command to completion of answer string (baud rate 38400).
Mea surem ent results comprise two val ues, on e for the selected forw ard power fun ction and anot her for the chosen refl ectio n parameter (SWR, return loss, reflection coefficient, or reverse power). Add
0.0 5 s when op erati ng the power se nsor on NRT.
16)
With unmodulated bur st sign al with rec tangular envel ope, af ter zero adjust ment. Burst po wer must be 1 W min . for NRT-Z4 3 and 4 W min . for NRT-Z4 4, burs t width must exceed 2 ms {4 kHz},
40 µs {200 kHz}, 5 µs {"FULL"}. Please note that measurement uncertainty is inversely proportional to burst width and power, thus smaller or bigger values than stated are po ssibl e with ot her wavefor ms.
17)
In te mpera ture ra nge (18 to 28 ) °C, vid eo band width "FULL", PEP defined as power with a CCDF va lue <10-6.
18)
Setting must be initiated with a "rev:pow" command in addition to the setting command for the forward measurement function via the remote interface of the sensor. Since the sensor measures average
rev erse power with th is set ting (a param eter no rmal ly not of inte rest in com binati on wit h any fu ncti on oth er than av erag e power mea sure ment ), the setti ng is de note d as "PE P meas urem ent on ly" or "C CDF
measurement only".
19)
With unmodulated burst signal with rectangular envelope, after zero adjustment, threshold level set to half burst power. Burst pow er m ust be 1 W mi n. f or N RT-Z4 3 an d 4 W mi n. f or N RT-Z4 4, r epe tit ion rat e
must be lower than 50/s {4 kHz}, 2500/s {200 kHz} and 20000/s {"FULL"}. Please note that measurement uncertainty is proportional to repetition rate and inversely proportional to power, thus smaller or
bigger values than stated are possible with other waveforms. For spread-spectrum signals such as CDMA (IS-95), CDMA2000, W-CDMA, DAB and DVB-T, measurement uncertainty is described best as an
uncertainty used for setting the threshold value and taken into account in addition to the specified uncertainty. With modulation cor rection swi tched on, this add ition al unce rtain ty is abo ut 5% of the
power in W for the specified standards.
20)
Wit h matche d load (S WR 1.2 max.) , test si gnal with un modu lated en velo pe (CW, FM , ϕM, FSK , GMSK or eq uiva lent ), measu reme nt res ults ref erre d to loa d end of sens or. The ma ximu m uncert ainty gi ven in
the tab le is app roxim ately equ al to an ex pande d uncer taint y with a cover age fac tor of k= 2. With a load SWR of more th an 1.2 the i nflu ence o f dir ecti vity on me asur ed for ward powe r is to be co nsid ered .
The associated expanded uncertainty in percent (coverage factor of 2) equals 6% x load reflection coefficient for directivity of 30 dB. Example: a mi smatc hed loa d with 3. 0 SWR yie lds a 0.5 refle ction
coefficient leading to an additional uncertainty of 6 x 0.5% = 3%.
21)
Set tled read ings over I EEE b us.
22)
Valu es in [ ] taking into account the rep orted calibra tion fa ctors of the sensor.
23)
Upp er li mit o f powe r mea sure ment rang e.
Power Reflection Meter NRT 12
Page 13
NRT basic unit
Frequency range 200 kHz to 4 GHz
Power measurement range 0.3 mW to 2 kW
Measurement inputs 1 to 3 (4), one active
for NRT-Z sensors one input on front panel, two additional
inputs on rear panel (option NRT-B2)
for NAP-Z sensors one input on rear panel (option NRT-B1)
Measurement functions
Power forward power and power absorbed by
the load in W, dBm, dB or % (dB and %
referred to measured value or reference
Power parameters
1)
value)
average power, average burst power,
peak envelope power, peak-to-average
ratio (crest factor), complementary
cumulative distribution function
Reflection SWR, return loss, reflection coefficient,
reverse-to-forward power ratio in %,
reverse power
Frequency response correction upon input of RF frequency, the stored
correction factors of the power sensor
being taken into account;
for NAP-Z sensors the NRT basic unit
offers memory for 3 sets of calibration
factors
1)
1)
Options
NRT-B1 for measurement with one NAP-Z sensor
at the rear
NRT-B2 two additional NRT-Z sensor inputs at
the rear
NRT-B3 battery supply with built-in charger and
NiMH battery
Calibration interval 3 years, only in conjunction with option
NRT-B1; no calibration required for NRT
basic unit and the other options
General data
AC power supply IEC connector for single-phase AC volt-
age of 90 V to 264 V, 47 Hz to 63 Hz or
90 V to 132 V, 47 Hz to 440 Hz; 35 VA,
max. 0.4 A
Battery supply with option NRT-B3, operating time
approx. 8 h with one NRT-Z power sensor and option NRT-B1; recharging
within 2 hours by quick-charge management; switch-on time selectable; battery
can be exchanged without opening the
instrument
Dimensions 219 mm × 103 mm × 240 mm
Weight 3.5 kg with all options
Power Sensors NRT-Z43/-Z44
Zero adjustment selectable with RF power switched off,
duration approx. 5 s
Measurement uncertainty see sensor specifications
Display LCD
Digital simultaneous indication of power,
reflection, and carrier frequency (input
value)
Resolution HIGH: 4½ digits (0.001 dB)
LOW: 3½ digits (0.01 dB)
Analog two 50-element bargraphs for indication
of power and reflection with selectable
or predefined scale-end values
Averaging automatic, depending on selected
resolution and sensor characteristics
Max/Min Hold indication of current maximum, mini-
mum or max/min value for the selected
measurement functions
Remote control to SCPI-1995.0 command set
IEC/IEEE bus to IEC625 (IEEE 488); interface functions
SH1, AH1, T6, L4, SR1, RL1, PP1, DC1,
DT1
Serial interface 9-pin sub-D connector to EIA-232E;
1200, 2400, 4800 and 9600 baud;
RTS/CTS or XON/XOFF handshake
selectable
Measurement time
with NAP-Z sensors see NAP-Z specifications
with NRT-Z sensors add 0.05 s to NRT-Z sensor specifications
AUX connector BNC connector as signalling output or
trigger input (TTL)
Beeper for SWR monitoring (power and SWR
threshold selectable) and acoustic echoing of keystrokes
Setups last setting, default setting and up to
four user-defined instrument settings
1)
Sensor-dependent.
Measurement channels 2 (for forward and reverse power)
Forward direction 1 → 2 standard for all measurement functions
2 → 1 only for measurement of average and
average burst power (at lower levels)
Measurement functions forward power and reflection
Power parameters average power, average burst power,
peak envelope power, peak-to-average
ratio, complementary cumulative distri-
bution function
Reflection return loss, SWR, reflection coefficient,
reverse-to-forward power ratio in %,
reverse power
Range selection automatic
Video bandwidth 4 kHz, 200 kHz and "FULL" for all power
parameters except average power
Frequency response correction upon input of RF frequency, the stored
correction factors of both measurement
channels being taken into account
Zero adjustment upon remote command with RF level
switched off, duration approx. 5 s
RF connectors N (female) on both ends
Remote control via serial RS-422 interface, 4.8/9.6/19.2
or 38.4 kbaud, XON/XOFF handshake,
SCPI-like command set; LEMOSA 6-pin,
size 2 plug for RXD/TXD cable pairs and
power supply
(see below)
Calibration interval 2years
General data
Power supply 6.5 V to 28 V, approx. 1.5 W
Length of connecting cable 1.5 m
Max. length of extension cable 500 m with 12 V supply voltage (via
NRT-Z3, NRT-Z4 or line-operated NRT)
30 m with 7 V supply voltage (battery-
operated NRT)
Dimensions 120 mm x 95 mm x 39 mm
Weight 0.65 kg
Power Reflection Meter NRT 13
Page 14
RS-232 Interface Adapter NRT-Z3
Ordering information
Power supply 90 V to 264 V, 47 Hz to 63 Hz via
supplied plug-in power supply with
adapter for all AC supply standards
(Euro, UK, USA, Australia)
RS-232 interface 9-pin sub-D female connector
Length of connecting cable approx. 1.3 m
Weight 0.3 kg (adapter); 0.1 kg (power supply)
Operating temperature range 0°C to +50°C
PC Card Interface Adapter NRT-Z4
Compatibility PCMCIA Release 2.1, card type II
(5 mm thick)
Current drain 350 mA (with sensor connected) at 5 V
(approx. 10% of power consumption of
commercial laptops)
Required system PC with PC Card slot, operating system
Win3.x/95/98/NT/2000
Length of connecting cable approx. 2 m
Weight 0.25 kg
Operating temperature range 0°C to +50°C
Environmental conditions for NRT and Power Sensors NRT-Z and
NAP-Z
Temperature loading to IEC68-2-1, IEC68-2-2 and MIL-T-28800D
class 5
Operational −10 °C to +55 °C
Specs complied with 0 °C to 50 °C (unless otherwise stated)
Storage temperature range −40 °C to +70 °C
Climatic resistance 95% rel. humidity, cyclic test at +25 °C/
+40 °C (without condensation) to
IEC68-2-30
Mechanical resistance
Vibration, sinusoidal 5 Hz to 55 Hz, max. 2 g;
55 Hz to 150 Hz, 0.5 g constant;
to IEC68-2-6, EN 61010-1 and
MIL-T-28800 D
Vibration, random 10 Hz to 500 Hz, 1.9 g (rms)
to IEC 68-2-36
Shock 40 g shock spectrum to MIL-STD-810 C,
IEC68-2-27 and MIL-T-28800 D class 5
Basic unit
Power Reflection Meter NRT 1080.9506.02
Directional Power Sensors NRT-Z (incl. demo software)
30 (75) W, 0.4 GHz to 4 GHz NRT-Z43 1081.2905.02
120 (300) W, 0.2 GHz to 4 GHz NRT-Z44 1081.1309.02
Directional Power Sensors NAP-Z
35 W, 25 MHz to 1000 MHz NAP-Z3 0392.6610.55
110 W, 25 MHz to 1000 MHz NAP-Z4 0392.6910.55
350 W, 25 MHz to 1000 MHz NAP-Z5 0392.7116.55
1100 W, 25 MHz to 1000 MHz NAP-Z6 0392.7316.56
200 W, 0.4 MHz to 80 MHz NAP-Z7 0350.8214.02
2000 W, 0.2 MHz to 80 MHz NAP-Z8 0350.4619.02
20 W, 35 MHz to 1000 MHz NAP-Z10 0858.0000.02
200 W, 35 MHz to 1000 MHz NAP-Z11 0852.6707.02
Options
Interface for Power Sensors NAP-Z NRT-B1 1081.0902.02
Two rear inputs for
Power Sensors NRT-Z NRT-B2 1081.0702.02
Battery supply with built-in charger
and NiMH battery NRT-B3 1081.0502.02
Recommended extras
NiMH Battery NRT-Z1 1081.1209.02
10 m Extension Cable
for NRT-Z Power Sensors NRT-Z2 1081.2505.10
30 m Extension Cable
for NRT-Z Power Sensors NRT-Z2 1081.2505.30
25 m Extension Cable
for NAP-Z Power Sensors NAP-Z2 0392.5813.02
RS-232 Interface Adapter for
NRT-Z Power Sensors including
AC Power Supply NRT-Z3 1081.2705.02
PC Card Interface Adapter for
NRT-Z Power Sensors NRT-Z4 1120.5005.02
Carrying Bag with Straps and
Pocket for Accessories ZZT-222 1001.0500.00
19" Rack Adapter ZZA-97 0827.4527.00
Printed in Germany 0801 (Bi we
Data without tolerances: typical values
⋅
Electromagnetic compatibility to EN50081-1 and EN50082-2, EMC
directive of EU and MIL-STD-461C, CE03,
RE02, CS02 and RS03 (with raised field
strength of 20 V/m)
Safety to EN61010-1
ROHDE& SCHWARZ GmbH & Co. KG ⋅ Muehldorfstrasse 15 ⋅ 81671 Munich, Germany ⋅ P.O.B. 8014 69 ⋅ 81614 Munich, Germany
Telephone +49894129-0 ⋅ www.rohde-schwarz.com ⋅ CustomerSupport: Tel. +4918051242 42, Fax +4989 4129-13777, E-mail: CustomerSupport@rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change
⋅
Trade names are trademarks of the owners
⋅
Power Reflection Meter NRT
⋅
PD 0757.2396.23
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