Rohde and Schwarz NRP-Z4 Data Sheet

Power Meter R&S NRP

in

◆ Innovative multipath sensor

technology

◆ 90 dB dynamic range

◆ High measurement speed

◆ Intelligent sensors – simply plug in

and measure

◆ Accurate measurement of average

power regardless of bandwidth and
modulation

◆ Multislot measurements for

common time division systems
(e.g. GSM/EDGE, DECT)

◆ Handling of external components

through Γ and s-parameter correction

◆ Simultaneous operation of up to

4 sensors on basic unit

◆ Operation of sensor directly from PC

via USB interface

◆ 2-year calibration cycle

Ready for a wide variety of applications

The RF and microwave Power Meter

Designed for R&D

R&S NRP is always the right choice:
It is ideal for daily use in research and
development, production or mobile
service, not to mention when analyzing
broadband modulation signals of third­generation mobile radio. The versatility
of the novel R&S NRP power meter
series is primarily due to the newly
developed sensors in

. These sen­sors are intelligent standalone instru­ments that communicate with the
basic unit or a PC via a digital interface.
The , now
implemented for the first time, sets

Top measurement accuracy plus a
dynamic range of 90 dB for broadband
signals of any modulation are the most
requested characteristics of a modern
power meter. The versatile R&S NRP
sensors in
feature exactly these characteristics and
are a priceless investment if you wish to
meet future requirements such as the
broadband modulation types of third­generation mobile radio. In addition, they
are also capable of handling the RF band­widths beyond 100 MHz that are already
under discussion for wireless LAN.

new standards in terms of universality
and accuracy. The R&S NRP basic unit
offers exactly what you expect for
today’s needs: compact size, intuitive
user interface and multichannel capa­bility.

A power meter must of course be easy to
operate: The numerous sensor functions
can be activated via an intuitive user
interface, and the high-resolution display
indicates up to 4 measurement results at
a time. As with other power meters from
Rohde&Schwarz, all calibration data is
stored in the sensor, which ensures high­precision measurements by minimizing
operating errors.

Sensor connectors on front
panel, channel B: option
R&S NRP-B2

Built-in test generator
(option R&S NRP-B1)

Display of up to
4 measurement
results

Softkeys and window-oriented
menu technique

Power sensor in

with 90 dB dynamic range

Function keys for fast access to
important functions

2 Power Meter R&S NRP

Ideal for production

S

n

Mobile use

For any type of test signal:

If you have ever dealt with microwave
power measurements, you know that the
necessary filtering of results due to the
noise characteristics of the sensor as well
as delays in measurement range selec­tion and command/result processing can
have negative effects on throughput in
production. And this is where the R&S
NRP with its innovative features offers
straightforward solutions:

◆ Autofilter

◆ Parallel processing

◆ Speed

It goes without saying that the basic unit,
which can accommodate up to 4 sensors
at the same time, can be fully remote­controlled. In addition, the sensors can
directly be connected to a PC. It is good to
know that the sensors can perform reli­able measurements for an extended
period of time owing to the long calibra­tion interval of 2 years.

The handy, lightweight and sturdy instru­ment, which can also be powered from
the optional battery for several hours,
makes mobile use a pleasure. With an
operating temperature range from 0°C to
50°C, the Power Meter R&S NRP can be
used under almost any conditions.

allows every
R&S NRP sensor to be operated directly
from a PC, making it the smallest and
most lightweight microwave measuring
instrument available.

Microwave power meters have histori­cally required a multitude of different
sensors to cover all applications. Thermal
sensors, diode sensors as well as peak
power sensors were used to handle the
various measurement tasks. The sensors
of the R&S NRP family now make life
much easier – in many cases, a single
sensor can perform all necessary mea­surements (see table 1).

Table 1: Sensor technologies and their applications

Application ↓ Sensor → Thermoelectric sensor Diode sensor (CW) Peak p ower sensor Sensor in

Average power    

Burst power –– ––  

Time gating –– ––  

Signal with extremely high bandwidth   –– 

Measurement over wide dynamic range ––   

 optimal  possible –– not possible

Summary

◆ One power sensor

◆ 90 dB dynamic range

◆ CW and broadband-modulated signals

◆ Time-gating applications

◆ High measurement accuracy and speed

ensor i

Power Meter R&S NRP 3

High system accuracy through

Plug in and measure

The accuracy of microwave power mea­surements essentially depends on the
characteristics of the sensor, but it is
impossible to eliminate level, tempera­ture and frequency influences by tradi­tional means. Rohde&Schwarz solved
this problem years ago by introducing a
novel approach: Measure the deviations
of each manufactured sensor from the
ideal characteristics and then store the
values in the sensor as a data record. This
means that you do not have to bother
with calibration data. Instead, you simply
plug in the sensor and start the measure­ment, which is a significant advantage in
day-to-day work.

Precise calibration

High measurement accuracy –
even with modulated signals

Benefitting from all the factors described
above, Rohde& Schwarz broadband
power meters have a very low measure­ment uncertainty, which is still the deci­sive argument in their favour. In the past,
however, the data sheet specifications of
about 2% (0.09 dB) could seldom be
achieved in practice. This was due to error
sources associated with the test signal or
external circuitry: harmonics and nonhar­monics, modulation, mismatch of the
source, and the influence of attenuators
and directional couplers connected
ahead of the sensor for level matching.

The R&S NRP sensors represent a big step
forward in solving these problems. The
concept of
(see page 5) comprises an entire series of
measures intended to make the sensors
similar to thermal sensors in behaviour.
This includes very accurate measurement
of average power, regardless of modula­tion (FIG 1), as well as high immunity to
incorrect weighting of harmonics, spuri­ous and other interference signals. The
maximum speed of 1500 measurements
per second (in buffered mode, measure­ment interval 2 x 100 µs) nevertheless
equals that of diode sensors.

A power sensor can only be as good as
the measuring instruments used to cali­brate it. This is why the standards
employed by Rohde& Schwarz are directly
traceable to the power standards of the
German Standards Laboratory (PTB).

0.2

0.15

0.1

0.05

Error in dB

0

–0.05

–0.1

–0.15

–0.2

–60 –30 0–10–50 –20–40 2010

Power level in dBm

FIG 1: Modulation-related errors of an R&S NRP-Z11 or R&S NRP-Z21 power sensor for a 3GPP test
signal (test model 1-64) compared to a CW signal of the same magnitude.
Red: default setting; yellow: transition area between measurement paths shifted by –6 dB;
light blue: uncertainty caused by noise (modulation effect below –30 dBm negligible).

4 Power Meter R&S NRP

The Power Sensors R&S NRP-Z11 and R&S NRP-Z21 fuse
multiple-path architecture, multiple-diode technology and a
simultaneously scanning multichannel measurement system
into a unique high-performance concept.

Multiple-path architecture is the combination of two or three
diode detectors to obtain a large dynamic range for modu­lated signals. This is achieved by operating each detector
exclusively in the square-law region and by using only the
optimally driven detectors for the measurement.

Multiple diodes comprise several zero-bias Schottky diodes
connected in series and integrated on one chip. When used
in an RF detector, they expand its square-law region, because
the measurement voltage is split among several diodes – so
that each one is driven less – while at the same time the
detected voltages of the individual diodes are added together.

Rohde&Schwarz's multiple-path architecture (patent
pending) is characterized by the following features (FIG 2):

◆ 3 signal paths, each fitted with triple diodes

◆ 6 dB wide overlap ranges, smooth transitions

◆ Simultaneous scanning and analysis

◆ Chopper stabilization of signal paths for recurring signals

The advantages over conventional technology are obvious:
high signal/noise ratio throughout, low modulation effect,
negligible delays and discontinuities when switching signal
paths, as well as the ability to perform a time-domain analy­sis of the test signal within the available video bandwidth.

As a consequence, these sensors not only compete with peak
power meters – they are indeed superior in two respects:

◆ No restrictions on the RF bandwidth of the test signal

◆ Wider dynamic range

As a result, it is already possible today to analyze extremely
broadband signals, such as are planned for wireless LAN or
will be created by combining several carriers in accordance
with 3GPP.

A

14 dB

–19 dBm to +7 dBm

P

i

–67 dBm to –13 dBm

34 dB

+1 dBm to +23 dBm

Chopper

FIG 2: Sensor architecture in R&S NRP-Z11 and R&S NRP-Z21.

D

A

D

A

D

Error
correction

Weighting

External trigger

Power Meter R&S NRP 5

Power Meter R&S NRP 5

+

P

m

Power measurement without external influences

Γ correction – accounting for
the source mismatch

The most important source of error in
power measurements on RF and micro­wave signals is the mismatch of source
and sensor. Due to reflections that cannot
be eliminated, it is not the nominal power

of the source that is transmitted to

P

GZ0

the power sensor, but the power P
that deviates to a certain extent from the
nominal value. To minimize the influence
of mismatched sources, the standing
wave ratio (SWR) at the sensor end was
reduced to the extent technically feasible
(1.11). However, a signal source with an
SWR of 2, for example, still leads to an
additional uncertainty of the measure­ment result of ±3.5% (0.15 dB). Although
this error normally is decisive for total
measurement uncertainty, it was fre­quently not taken into account because it
could not be specified for the sensor
alone.

Here the R&S NRP sensors boast another
innovation: To reduce the mismatch, the
complex reflection coefficient of the
source is transmitted to the sensor via the
USB data interface, and the sensor cor­rects the matching error by means of
Γ correction, taking into consideration its
own low impedance mismatch. This
approach yields a measurement result of
significantly higher precision.

(FIG 3)

i

P

GZ0

G

≠ 0 Γ

Γ

L

Source

FIG 3: Γ correction function: By taking into account the complex reflection coefficient ΓG of the source,
the measurement result (P
displayed.

) is corrected in such a way that the nominal power of the source P

i

≠ 0

G

P

i

Power Sensor
R&S NRP-Z11/-Z21

is

GZ0

S-parameter correction –
accounting for additional
components

A similar mismatch problem is encoun­tered in test setups where the sensor
cannot be connected directly to the
source to be measured. Especially in pro­duction facilities, it is often necessary to
connect a cable or an attenuator for level
matching. In this case, the interactions
between three components must be
taken into account – a non-trivial bit of
mathematics involving complex numbers.

Here, too, the R&S NRP offers a straight­forward, standardized solution to the
user. With the help of a small software
tool that runs on any PC, the complete
s-parameter data set of the twoport con­nected ahead can be loaded into the sen­sor's memory via the USB data interface.

The data format required (s2p/Touch­stone) is provided by any vector network
analyzer.

After the source's complex reflection
coefficient has been transmitted (option­ally), a perfectly corrected reading is
obtained; the sensor practically behaves
as if it were connected directly to the
source (FIG 4).

6 Power Meter R&S NRP

P

GZ0

G

Source

FIG 4: Shifting the measurement plane from 1 to 2 by means of s-parameter correction. The influence
of the additional component is compensated for, so that the nominal power P
sured.

Plane 2 Plane 1

Attenuator

Measured
s-parameters

P

i

Power Sensor
R&S NRP-Z21

of the source is mea-

GZ0

Throughput is essential in production

New autofilter function –
averaging made simple

The setting of the display filter is essential
for the measurement speed that can be
attained. As a rule, noise is superimposed
on the signal to be measured. The relative
noise content increases as power
decreases. To obtain a noise-reduced
display, an averaging factor has to be
selected for low signal levels, but such a
factor increases the measurement time.
Therefore a compromise must be made
between sufficient signal/noise ratio and
acceptable measurement time. The fol­lowing rule of thumb applies: Reducing
the noise by a factor of 10 increases the
measurement time by a factor of 100.
With the classic autofilter function, the
averaging factor is, therefore, only
increased gradually, which keeps the
measurement time acceptable but does
not make it possible to maintain a specific
noise level.

The enhanced autofilter function, now
implemented in a power meter for the
first time, mitigates this problem. In addi­tion to the classic autofilter function, a
Fixed Noise mode is available. Using this
mode, the sensor will maintain the user­defined S/N ratio as long as the maximum
measurement time (to be defined by the
user) is not exceeded. Consequently, the
instrument provides stable measurement
results exactly matched to the user’s
needs.

FIG 5: Autofilter menu of the R&S NRP.

Measurement range selection
without delay

Multipath concepts for diode sensors
often have the disadvantage of hard
switching from path A to path B in the
case of level changes, which interrupts
measurement data acquisition and intro­duces large differential linearity errors.
This disadvantage has been eliminated in
the R&S NRP diode sensors in

owing to
parallel signal processing in the three
paths and soft transitions from one path
to the other.

User-definable measurement
window

Measurements on very low-frequency­modulated signals are typically per­formed using large averaging factors to
keep the display stable. This, however,
extends the measurement time. The R&S
NRP uses a different approach: The mea­surement time interval is adapted to the
signal period by means of windowing.
The use of an integer multiple of the
period yields a perfectly stabilized
measurement result.

High measurement speed

All these requirements, i.e. optimum
filtering and fast range selection, must be
met before a power meter can make full
use of its measurement speed under any
conditions. If filtering is not necessary
and the size of the measurement window
is not critical, the R&S NRP excels with its
1500 measurements per second (in
buffered mode, measurement interval
2 x 100 µs).

Power

FIG 6: Parallel signal processing and soft transitions between measurement
paths owing to

Path A Path B

1

0

P

x

.

4xPxPower

FIG 7: Windowing technique used on a low-frequency-modulated signal.

Power Meter R&S NRP 7

Signal-synchronized measurements

Power

Trigger
event

Measured burst average power

Last falling slope
in the burst

In addition, unwanted power compo­nents at the beginning or end of the burst
can be excluded from the displayed result
by using the commands EXCLUDE START
and EXCLUDE END (FIG 8).

Trigger threshold

Time

EXCLUDE START EXCLUDE END

Measurement interval

FIG 8: Modulated burst of an EDGE signal and relevant parameters for measuring burst average power.

Just in time

Automatic burst acquisition and
measurement

The R&S NRP-Z11 and R&S NRP-Z21 sen­sors can measure the average power not
only in the classic manner, i.e. continu­ously without temporal reference to the
signal content, but also synchronized
with the signal over definable periods of
time. Power measurements on signal
bursts and within individual timeslots of
time division systems are important appli­cations. A fundamental prerequisite for
signal-synchronized measurements is the
availability of extensive trigger capabili­ties. The Power Meter R&S NRP can
derive the trigger time from the test
signal (internal triggering) or from an
external trigger signal.

The internal trigger capabilities of the
Power Meter R&S NRP are particularly
useful for burst measurements. Depend­ing on the trigger level previously
defined, the sensor automatically deter­mines the beginning and the end of the
burst. This is even accomplished for mod­ulated bursts by defining of a dropout
parameter, i.e. a minimum signal-off
period that must be detected by the sen­sor to reliably determine the end of the
burst.

Multislot measurements

This function enables the R&S NRP to
carry out measurements on signals with
complex timeslot structure. Up to 128
intervals (26 when controlled by the basic
unit) can be acquired and measured at
the same time (FIG 9). This allows entire
frames of GSM/EDGE signals to be ana­lyzed. The user can select the number and
the timing of the timeslots relative to the
trigger event; up to 4 results can simulta­neously be displayed on the basic unit.
The unwanted portions in the transition
from one timeslot to the next can be
blanked by user-definable exclusion
periods.

The internal trigger capabilities of the
R&S NRP can also be used in this context.
In the case of TDMA signals, using an
external frame trigger is often beneficial
to generate the temporal relation to
timeslot 1. The basic unit is fitted with the
appropriate connector on the rear panel;
if the sensor is operated from a PC,
triggering via the Adapter R&S NRP-Z3 is
possible.

FIG 9: Multislot measurement: for the most
common time division methods (e.g. GSM/EDGE,
DECT), average power can be measured in all
timeslots at the same time.

8 Power Meter R&S NRP

Power

P

P

1

P

2

Exclusion period

P

3

P

4

P

5

P

6

7

Time

P

8

Power/time template

If the R&S NRP-Z sensors are operated
from a PC (see page 10), more in-depth
analysis functions are available. Recur­ring or non-recurring waveforms can be
displayed as power/time templates
(FIG 10). The number of test intervals
(points) can be increased to 1024; signal
details down to a duration of about 10 µs
can thus be resolved. Extensive trigger
functions, derived from an external
source or the test signal, again ensure
stable conditions.

Outstanding dynamic range

FIG 10: Power/time template of a nonrecurring RF burst for an application
in medical electronics, measured with the R&S NRP-Z11 (LabView applica­tion without basic unit; readings in W and ms, no averaging).

In the past, the limited dynamic range of
standard sensor technologies forced
many users to employ sensors of different
sensitivity (nominal power) to handle the
power range of the test items. This was
especially true if average power of modu­lated signals had to be measured.

achieved, while the lower measurement
limit (defined by noise and zero offset)
remains a very respectable –67 dBm.
With signal-synchronized measurements,
the difference between the new sensors
and previous power sensors is most
evident.

Although conventional multipath sensors
were able to attain respectable values,
their dynamic range was limited to 80 dB,
not to mention the slow response times
and the significant measurement errors in
the transition regions of the individual

For signal-triggered measurements of the
average power of single bursts or the
generation of a power/time template, a
wider dynamic range is available than
with all existing conventional designs.

paths. The R&S NRP-Z11 and R&S
NRP-Z21 are the first sensors with
outstanding values: For the first time, a
dynamic range of 90 dB for broadband
signals of any modulation has been

Table 2: Dynamic range for measuring average power (bandwidth of test signal 100 MHz/5 MHz/0 (CW))

Technology ↓ Mode ↓

Continuous Timeslot

1 out of 8 (external trigger)

Thermoelectric sensor 50/50/50 dB – – –

Diode:
Sensor in square-law region

Diode: CW sensor 43/43/90 dB – – –

Diode: Peak sensor 33/50/80 dB –/50/57 dB –/33/37 dB –/50/57 dB

Diode: Multiple-path sensor 80/80/80 dB – – –

43/43/50 dB – –

Burst

duty cycle 1:8 (internal trigger)

Power versus time

256 points (external trigger)

–

Diode:

90/90/90 dB 85/85/85 dB 60/60/60 dB 70/70/70 dB

Power Meter R&S NRP 9

Sensor with PC interface

P

GZ0

G

USB Adapter
R&S NRP-Z4

Sensor connected directly to the
R&S NRP basic unit

Sensor connected via the passive
USB Adapter R&S NRP-Z4

Source

FIG 11: Three ways of displaying results with an R&S NRP sensor.

Miniature power meter

The sensors of the R&S NRP-Z series can
be used as standalone measuring instru­ments without the basic unit. In addition
to the power sensor itself, they include a
CPU that controls the sensor, processes
the measurement results and operates
the interface: a complete miniature
power meter. All measurement data and
settings are transmitted via a digital USB
interface. This concept, with which

Power Sensor
R&S NRP-Z21

USB Adapter
R&S NRP-Z3

Trigger signal Power supply

Use on a PC

The most cost-effective method for high­precision power measurements is to con­nect the sensors directly to a PC, espe­cially if data acquisition and evaluation
take place via a PC. The main area of
application is production, since produc­tion environments usually include a pro­cess controller. The fact that the basic
unit can be omitted saves space in the
rack and reduces costs.

Rohde&Schwarz already set the pace in
the field of directional power meters, is
now being used for the first time in
classic microwave power measurements.

Sensor connected via the active
USB Adapter R&S NRP-Z3

Service technicians will also appreciate
this option since the power meter fits into
a trouser pocket and can easily be
operated from a laptop.

10 Power Meter R&S NRP

FIG 12: The Power Viewer turns any PC (under Windows98/2000/ME/XP)
into a power meter.

The software toolkit supplied as standard
with every R&S NRP sensor is required in
order to control the R&S NRP power sen­sors via a PC. The software toolkit comes
with both a DLL (dynamic link library), for
individualized use of the entire sensor
functionality under Windows, and the
Power Viewer, a virtual power meter with
basic measurement functions (subset of
the R&S NRP functionality) for the PC
workstation (FIG 12).

Two adapters are available for connection
to the hardware:

◆ The passive USB Adapter R&S NRP-Z4

provides all basic functions, as it
handles the transmission of settings
and measurement data as well as the
power supply of the sensor.

◆ The active USB Adapter R&S NRP-Z3

has been developed for applications
requiring external triggering of the
power sensor. It also offers a separate
power supply.

Universal basic unit

For applications requiring a basic unit,
the R&S NRP offers everything that is
expected from a modern power meter –
and much more. It is small, lightweight
and rugged, and the optional battery
pack ensures several hours of operation
without line power. Depending on
requirements, it can be fitted with one,
two or four measurement inputs (options
R&S NRP-B2 and R&S NRP-B5).
The IEC/IEEE bus connector is a standard
feature as are the trigger input and the
analog measurement output.

The user interface of the power meter
takes its cue from the PC world: The basic
unit is controlled via menu bars, menus
and dialog boxes, and uses only three
menu levels despite the large number of
functions. The self-explanatory operating
concept makes the R&S NRP a pleasure
to use.

The high-resolution graphical display can
show as many as four measurement
results at the same time. The user can
choose which results to display – either
the data from different sensors (with a
maximum of four connected simulta­neously) or from different timeslots of a
TDMA signal measured by means of one
sensor. Even values obtained by calcula­tion, such as SWR or return loss, can be
displayed. For immediate clarity, each
data window can be assigned a specific
name.

FIG 13: The Power Meter R&S NRP can be equipped with one, two or four measurement inputs (two on rear panel, see red frame).

Power Meter R&S NRP 11

Specifications

Burst Average function

Power Sensors R&S NRP-Z11/-Z21 (specifications from 8 GHz to
18 GHz apply only to R&S NRP-Z21)

Bold: Parameter 100% tested.

Italics: Uncertainties calculated from the test assembly specifications

and the modelled behaviour of the sensor.

Normal: Compliance with specifications is ensured by the design or

derived from the measurement of related parameters.

Sensor type 3-path diode sensor

Measurand average power of incident wave or

average power of source into 50 Ω

Frequency range 10 MHz to 8 GHz (R&S NRP-Z11)

10 MHz to 18 GHz (R&S NRP-Z21)

Matching (SWR) values in () for temperature range 15°C

to 35°C

10 MHz to <30 MHz
30 MHz to 2.4 GHz
>2.4 GHz to 8.0 GHz
>8.0 GHz to 18.0 GHz
Level-dependent matching change

10 MHz to 2.4 GHz
>2.4 GHz to 18.0 GHz

2)

<1.15 (1.13)
<1.13 (1.11)
<1.20 (1.18)
<1.25 (1.23)

<0.05 (0.02)
<0.10 (0.07)

RF connector N (male)

Power measurement range

Continuous Average

200 pW to 200 mW
(–67 dBm to +23 dBm)

Burst Average

200 nW to 200 mW
(–37 dBm to +23 dBm)

Timeslot

Scope

650 pW to 200 mW
(–62 dBm to +23 dBm)
10 nW to 200 mW
(–50 dBm to +23 dBm)

3)

4)

Max. power

Average
Peak envelope power

0.4 W (+26 dBm) continuous

1.0 W (+30 dBm) for max. 10 µs

Measurement subranges

Path 1
Path 2
Path 3

–67 dBm to –14 dBm
–47 dBm to + 6 dBm
–27 dBm to +23 dBm

Tra nsition ranges

With automatic path selection,
user def'd crossover

5)

set to 0 dB

(–19 ±1) dBm to (–13 ±1) dBm
(+1 ±1) dBm to (+7 ±1) dBm

Measurement functions

Stationary and periodically modulated
signals

Continuous Average
Burst Average
Timeslot

6)

Scope

Non-recurring waveforms

Scope

6)

Continuous Average function

Continuous measurement of average
power

Measurement window
Duty cycle correction
Smoothing

Capacity of measurement buffer

7)

8)

2 x (10 µs to 300 ms)

0.001% to 100.00%
see under Measurement window
(page 13)

9)

1 to 1024 results

12 Power Meter R&S NRP

Measurement of average burst power
with automatic detection of burst
(trigger settings required)

Detectable burst width
Minimum gap between bursts
Dropout tolerance
Exclusion periods

10)

11)

Excluded from Start
Excluded from End

Measurement window

7)

20 µs to 100 ms
10 µs
0 ms to 3 ms

0 ms to 100 ms
0 ms to 3 ms
2 x (burst width – Excl. from Start –
Excl. from End)

1)

Timeslot function

Measurement of average power in one
or more equidistant, successive
timeslots

Duration (nominal width)
Number of timeslots

Exclusion periods

11)

Excluded from Start
Excluded from End

Measurement window (per timeslot)

10 µs to 100 ms
1 to 128 (26 in case of operation from
R&S NRP basic unit)

0 ms to 100 ms
0 ms to 3 ms

7)

2 x (nom. width – Excl. from Start –
Excl. from End)

Scope function

Measurement of power versus time

Modes

Measurement window ∆

12)

Recurring
Non-recurring

Number of measurement points M
Resolution ∆/M

for recurring and non-recurring wave­forms (single)

2 x (100 µs to 300 ms)
100 µs to 300 ms
1 to 1024
≥10 µs

Beginning of measurement window
(referenced to trigger)

–5 ms to 100 s

Dynamic behaviour of video path values in () for temperature range 15°C

to 35°C

Bandwidth
Rise time 10%/90 %

>50 kHz (100 kHz)
<8 µs (4 µs)

Sampling frequencies

Frequency 1 (default)
Frequency 2

Display noise

13)

14)

15°C to 35 °C Path 1

Path 2
Path 3

0°C to 50°C Path 1

Path 2
Path 3

Display noise, relative

15)

133.358 kHz

119.467 kHz

values in []: 8 GHz to 18 GHz

<60 pW [64 pW] (40 pW typ.)
<5.6 nW [6.0 nW] (3.6 nW typ.)
<0.56 µW [0.60 µW] (0.36 µW typ.)
<65 pW [69 pW]
<6.3 nW [6.6 nW]
<0.63 µW [0.66 µW]

Measurement window 2 x 100 µs,
without averaging

<0.160 dB (0.1 dB typ.)
Measurement window 2 x 20 ms,
averaging factor 32 (measurement
time approx. 1 s)

<0.002 dB (0.001 dB typ.)

Zeroing (duration)

Depends on setting of averaging filter

AUTO ON
AUTO OFF

Integration time

16)

<4 s
4 s to 16 s
>16 s

4 s

4 s

integration time

16 s

16)

Zero offset

17)

values in []: 8 GHz to 18 GHz

Measurement window

15°C to 35°C Path 1

Path 2
Path 3

0°C to 50°C Path 1

Path 2
Path 3

18)

Zero drift

Path 1
Path 2
Path 3

<96 pW [102 pW] (64 pW typ.)
<9.0 nW [9.6 nW] (5.8 nW typ.)
<0.90 µW [0.96 µW] (0.58 µW typ.)
<104 pW [110 pW]
<10.0 nW [10.6 nW]
<1.00 µW [1.06 µW]

values in []: 8 GHz to 18 GHz

<35 pW [37 pW]
<3.0 nW [3.2 nW]
<0.30 µW [0.32 µW]

Measurement error due to harmonics n x f0 of carrier frequency

Values in []: typ. standard uncertainty

n = 3, 5, 7, ...

n = 2, 4, 6, ...

Modulation influence

20)

20)

21)

–30 dBc
–20 dBc
–10 dBc
–30 dBc
–20 dBc
–10 dBc

<0.003 dB [0.0015 dB]
<0.010 dB [0.005 dB]
<0.040 dB [0.015 dB]
<0.001 dB [0.0003 dB]
<0.002 dB [0.001 dB]
<0.010 dB [0.003 dB]

values in []:
User def'd crossover ≤–6 dB

General

measurement errors in subranges are
proportional to power and depend on
CCDF and modulation bandwidth of
test signal

WCDMA (3-GPP Test Model 1-64)

Worst case

–0.02 dB to +0.07 dB [–0.02 dB to
+0.02 dB]

Typ ica l

–0.01 dB to +0.03 dB [–0.01 dB to
+0.01 dB]

Averaging filter

Duration

as specified for the individual measure-

ment functions
Shape

rectangular (integrating behaviour;

available for all measurement func-

tions)

Von Hann (smoothing filter, for effi-

cient suppression of result variations

due to modulation

26)

; only for Continu-

ous Average function)

Measurement times

19)

Continuous Average

Buffered, without averaging

Burst Average
Timeslot, Scope

27)

N x (duration of measurement

7)

+ 0.2 ms) + tz

window

buffer size x (duration of measurement

7)

+ 0.5 ms) + tz

window

(2 to 4) x N x burst period + t

(2 to 4) x N x trigger period + t

tz: <1.6 ms (0.9 ms on average)

z

28)

z

Tr ig ge r in g

Source
Slope (external, internal)

Bus, External, Hold, Immediate, Internal

pos./neg.
Level

Internal
External

–40 dBm to +23 dBm

see specs of R&S NRP and

USB Adapter R&S NRP-Z3
Delay
Holdoff
Hysteresis

–5 ms to +100 s

0 s to 10 s

0 dB to 10 dB

Attenuation correction

Function

correcting the measurement result by

means of a fixed factor (dB offset)
Range

–100.000 dB to +100.000 dB

Modes

AUTO mode

Reference power

Continuous Average

Burst Average

Timeslot

22)

Scope

Normal operating mode

Resolution

Fixed Noise operating mode

Noise content
Max. measurement time

Averaging factor N

Result output

Moving Average

Repeat

AUTO OFF (fixed averaging factor)
AUTO ON (continuously auto-adapted)
AUTO ONCE (automatically fixed once)

S-parameter correction

Function

taking into account a component con-

nected ahead of the sensor by loading

its s-parameter data set into the sensor

non-averaged result in measurement
window
non-averaged result in measurement

Number of frequencies
Parameters

Download
window
non-averaged result in reference

25)

timeslot
non-averaged result at reference

25)

23)

point
setting of filter depends on power to be
measured and resolution
1 (1 dB), 2 (0.1 dB), 3 (0.01 dB),

Γ correction

Function

Parameters
4 (0.001 dB)
filter set to specified noise content

24)

0.0001 dB to 1 dB

0.01 s to 999 s

16

(number of averaged measure-

1 to 2
ment windows)

Download

Frequency response correction

Function

1 to 1000

, s21, s12 and s22 (in s2p format)

s

11

with R&S NRP toolkit (supplied with
sensor) via USB Adapter R&S NRP-Z3
or R&S NRP-Z4

reducing the influence of mismatched

29)

sources
magnitude and phase of reflection
coefficient of source
see under S-parameter correction

taking into account the calibration
factors relevant for the test frequency

continuous with every newly evaluated
measurement window (e.g. in case of
manual operation via R&S NRP)
only final result (e.g. in case of remote

Parameter

Permissible deviation from actual
value

carrier frequency (center frequency)

50 MHz (0.05 x f below 1 GHz) for
specified measurement uncertainty

control of R&S NRP)

Power Meter R&S NRP 13

Interface to host

Power supply

+5 V/200 mA typ. (USB high-power
device)

Remote control

as a USB device (function) in full-speed
mode, compatible with USB 1.0/1.1/

2.0 specifications

Trigger input

differential (0/+3.3 V)

Dimensions (W x H x L) 48 mm x 31 mm x 170 mm

length incl. connecting cable:
approx. 1.6 m

Weight <0.3 kg

30)

0.175

0.071

0.048

0.164

0.081

0.063

0.184

0.110

0.096

in dB

0.147

0.072

0.056

–40 to –19 to +1 to +23
(–67)

0.160

0.096

0.083

–40 to –19 to +1 to +23
(–67)

0.188

0.133

0.123

–40 to –19 to +1 to +23
(–67)

0.159

0.069

0.047

0.170

0.089

0.072

0.196

0.120

0.103

31)

in dB

0.159

0.069

0.048

0.174

0.097

0.082

0.210

0.142

0.128

0°C to 50 °C
15°C to 35 °C
20°C to 25 °C

dBm

0°C to 50 °C
15°C to 35 °C
20°C to 25 °C

dBm

0°C to 50 °C
15°C to 35 °C
20°C to 25 °C

dBm

Calibration uncertainty

10 MHz to <20 MHz 20 MHz to <100 MHz

Path 1 Path 2 Path 3 Path 1 Path 2 Path 3

0.056 0.047 0.048 0.056 0.047 0.047 20 °C to 25°C

100 MHz to 4 GHz >4 GHz to 8 GHz

Path 1 Path 2 Path 3 Path 1 Path 2 Path 3

0.066 0.057 0.057 0.083 0.071 0.072 20 °C to 25°C

>8 GHz to 12.4 GHz >12.4 GHz to 18 GHz

Path 1 Path 2 Path 3 Path 1 Path 2 Path 3

0.094 0.076 0.076 0.123 0.099 0.099 20 °C to 25°C

Uncertainty for absolute power measurements

10 MHz to <20 MHz 20 MHz to <100 MHz

0.174

0.075

0.056

–40 to –19 to +1 to +23
(–67)

100 MHz to 4 GHz >4 GHz to 8 GHz

0.150

0.081

0.066

–40 to –19 to +1 to +23
(–67)

>8 GHz to 12.4 GHz >12.4 GHz to 18 GHz

0.168

0.106

0.094

–40 to –19 to +1 to +23
(–67)

0.175

0.070

0.047

0.162

0.077

0.058

0.176

0.096

0.079

Uncertainty for relative power measurements

10 MHz to <20 MHz 20 MHz to <100 MHz

+23

0.226

0.229

0.027

0.084

0.080

0.046

+8

±0

–13

–19

–40

+23

+7

+1

–13

–19

–40

+23

+7

+1

–13

–19

–40

0.044

0.226

0.027

0.083

0.022

0.045

0.022

0.023

0.226

0.022

0.083

0.022

0.045

–40 –19 /–13 ±0 /+8 +23

Power level in dBm

100 MHz to 4 GHz >4 GHz to 8 GHz

0.209

0.218

0.088

0.085

0.055

0.047

0.206

0.028

0.083

0.022

0.048

0.022

0.023

0.206

0.022

0.083

0.022

0.048

–40 –19 /–13 +1 /+7 +23

Power level in dBm

>8 GHz to 12.4 GHz >12.4 GHz to 18 GHz

0.224

0.231

0.111

0.106

0.084

0.077

0.216

0.034

0.096

0.027

0.063

0.025

0.024

0.216

0.022

0.096

0.022

0.063

–40 –19 /–13 +1 /+7 +23

Power level in dBm

0.206

0.022

0.082

0.022

0.046

0.229

0.205

0.080

0.081

0.044

0.044

0.226

0.023

0.084

0.022

0.046

0.022

–40 –19 /–13 +1 /+7 +23

Power level in dBm

0.031

0.215

0.032

0.097

0.038

0.066

0.218

0.210

0.085

0.088

0.047

0.054

0.209

0.024

0.088

0.022

0.055

0.022

–40 –19 /–13 +1 /+7 +23

Power level in dBm

0.064

0.244

0.061

0.135

0.060

0.110

0.231

0.230

0.106

0.112

0.077

0.079

0.224

0.024

0.111

0.022

0.084

0.022

–40 –19 /–13 +1 /+7 +23

Power level in dBm

32)33)

0.215

0.078

0.044

0.027

0.022

0.022

0.205

0.081

0.044

0.233

0.093

0.059

0.030

0.022

0.022

0.210

0.088

0.054

0.245

0.128

0.102

0.040

0.034

0.033

0.230

0.112

0.079

in dB

0.027

0.022

0.022

0.215

0.078

0.044

0.206

0.082

0.046

0.049

0.044

0.043

0.218

0.085

0.047

0.215

0.097

0.066

0.086

0.084

0.083

0.245

0.128

0.102

0.244

0.135

0.110

0°C to 50 °C
15°C to 35 °C
20°C to 25 °C

0°C to 50 °C
15°C to 35 °C
20°C to 25 °C

0°C to 50 °C
15°C to 35 °C
20°C to 25 °C

0°C to 50 °C
15°C to 35 °C
20°C to 25 °C

0°C to 50 °C
15°C to 35 °C
20°C to 25 °C

0°C to 50 °C
15°C to 35 °C
20°C to 25 °C

0°C to 50 °C
15°C to 35 °C
20°C to 25 °C

0°C to 50 °C
15°C to 35 °C
20°C to 25 °C

0°C to 50 °C
15°C to 35 °C
20°C to 25 °C

14 Power Meter R&S NRP

Accessories for sensors

R&S NRP-Z2

Extension cable for connecting the sensor to the basic

Length

Model .05
Model .10

Total length incl. sensor cable 5 m (model .05) or 10 m (model .10)

R&S NRP-Z3

Active USB adapter with trigger
input and plug-in power supply

Trigger input

Maximum voltage
Logic level

Low
High

Input impedance

Plug-in power supply

Voltage/frequency
Tol era nce
Current consumption
Connection

Connecting cable to PC

USB interface
Length

Dimensions (W x H x L)

USB adapter
Plug-in power supply

Weig ht

USB adapter
Plug-in power supply

R&S NRP-Z4

Passive USB adapter (cable) for connecting a sensor to the USB

unit or a USB adapter

3.5 m

8.5 m (not in conjunction with
R&S NRP-Z4)

for connecting a sensor to the USB
interface of a PC

±15 V

<0.8 V
>2.0 V
approx. 5 kΩ

100 V to 240 V, 50 Hz to 60 Hz
±10% for voltage, ±3 Hz for frequency
25 mA typ. with sensor connected
via adapter to all common AC supplies
(Europe, UK, USA, Australia)

type A
approx. 2 m

48 mm x 45 mm x 140 mm
52 mm x 73 mm x 110 mm
length of line to adapter: 2 m

<0.2 kg
<0.3 kg

interface of a PC

Measurement functionality

Single-channel

Display

Absolute
Relative

Multichannel

Display

Difference
Ratio

Relative ratio

Display

Typ e LC graphics screen ¼ VGA (320 x 240)

Backlighting brightness adjustable

Measurement results

Representation
Resolution

Digital values

Analog display

Manual operation Windows-oriented menus with hot-

Remote control

see sensor specifications6), plus:
relative measurement referenced to re­sult or user-selectable reference value,
storage of minima and maxima (Max,
Min, Max-Min), limit monitoring

in W, dBm and dBµV
in dB, as change in percent (∆%) or as
quotient

simultaneous measurement in up to
4 channels; ratio, relative ratio
difference of results of 2 channels can
be displayed (for all functions except
Scope)

in W
in dB, as change in percent (∆%), as
quotient or as one of the following
matching parameters: SWR, return
loss, reflection coefficient
in dB, as change in percent (∆%) or as
quotient

pixel, monochrome, transflective

up to 4 results with additional informa­tion (Min, Max, Max-Min, frequency)
can simultaneously be displayed in
separate windows
digital, digital and analog

selectable in 4 steps:

0.001 dB/0.01%/4½ digits (W, quotient)

0.01 dB/0.1%/3½ digits (W, quotient)

0.1 dB/1.0%/2½ digits (W, quotient)
1 dB/1.0%/2½ digits (W, quotient)
depending on user-definable scale end
values

keys for the most important functions

34)

or

USB interface
Length

type A
approx. 2 m

R&S NRP basic unit

Application multichannel power meter

Sensors R&S NRP-Z series

Measurement channels

Basic version
Basic version + R&S NRP-B2
Basic version + R&S NRP-B2 +
R&S NRP-B5

1
2

4

Systems IEC 60625.1 (IEEE488.1) and

Command set SCPI-1999.0

IEC/IEEE bus

Interface functions

Connector

Firmware download with a Windows-compatible program

IEC 60625.2 (IEEE488.2)

SH1, AH1, L3, LE3, T5, TE5, SR1, PP1,
PP2, RL1, DC1, E2, DT1, C0
24-pin Amphenol (female)

from the R&S NRP toolkit via the rear­panel USB interface (type B)

Power Meter R&S NRP 15

Inputs/outputs (rear panel)

OUT1

Modes

Analog

Pass/Fail

Off
Voltage range
Setting accuracy
Resolution
Output impedance
Connector

Analog, Pass/Fail, Off
recorder output; user-definable linear
relation to measurement result (display
windows 1 to 4)
limit indicator with two user-selectable
voltages for identifying the Pass and
Fail states in the case of limit monitor­ing
0 V
0 V to +3.3 V
±1% of voltage reading + (0/+8 mV)
12 bit (monotone)
1 kΩ
BNC (female)

Options for R&S NRP

R&S NRP-B1

Power reference

Power

Uncertainty

20°C to 25 °C

0°C to 50°C
Frequency
SWR
RF connector

R&S NRP-B2

1.00 mW

0.85%

1.00%

50 MHz
<1.05 typ.
N (female)

IN/OUT 2

Modes

Analog Out

Electrical characteristics

Trigg er In

Maximum voltage
Logic level

Low
High

Impedance

Connector

Power supply

Voltage, frequency

Tol era nce
Apparent power

Dimensions (W x H x D) 274 mm x 112 mm x 267 mm

Weight <3.0 kg

Analog Out and Trigger In
recorder output; user-definable linear
relation to measurement result (display
windows 1 to 4)
see OUT1
input for trigger signal to sensors
–7 V/+10 V

<0.8 V
>2.0 V
10 kΩ//100 pF
BNC (female)

220 V to 240 V, 50 Hz to 60 Hz
100 V to 120 V, 50 Hz to 400 Hz
±10% for voltage and frequency
<80 VA

Second test input (B) for R&S NRP-Z sensors (available as

standard on front panel)

R&S NRP-B5

Third (C) and fourth (D) test inputs for R&S NRP-Z sensors (only on rear

panel)

R&S NRP-B6

Rear-panel assembly for test inputs A and B (only possible if

the R&S NRP-B5 option is not installed)

General specifications

Temperature loading

Operating range and permissible range
(in [] if different)
R&S NRP with options
R&S NRP-Z2, -Z11, -Z21
R&S NRP-Z3

Storage range
R&S NRP with options
R&S NRP-Z2, -Z3, -Z11, -Z21

Climatic resistance meets IEC 60068

35)

meet IEC 60068
0°C [–5°C] to +50°C
0°C [–10 °C] to +50°C [+55°C]
0°C to +40°C

–20°C to +70°C
–40°C to +70°C

Damp heat

R&S NRP-Z3, -Z11, -Z21

Mechanical resistance

Vibration, sinusoidal meets IEC 60068

Vibration, random meets IEC 60068

Shock meets IEC 60068; 40 g shock spectrum

Air pressure

Operation
Tra nsp or t

Electromagnetic compatibility meets EN 61326, EN 55011

Safety meets EN 61010-1

+25°C/+40 °C cyclic at 95% relative
humidity
with restrictions: non-condensing

5 Hz to 55 Hz, max. 2 g
55 Hz to 150 Hz, 0.5 g constant

10 Hz to 500 Hz, 1.9 g (rms)

795 hPa (2000 m) to 1060 hPa
566 hPa (4500 m) to 1060 hPa

Power Meter R&S NRP 16

1)

Γ correction activated.

2)

Referenced to 0 dBm.

3)

Specifications apply to timeslots with a duration of 12.5% referenced to the sig nal period (duty
cycle 1:8). For other waveforms the following equation applies:
lower measurement limit = 200 pW x measurement time/integration time
For measurement time, see specifications. For integration time, see footnote

4)

With a resolution of 256 points.

5)

Transition regions can be shifted by up to –20 dB if automatic path selection has been chosen.

6)

The Scope function will be available for the R&S NRP basic unit as of spring 2003.

7)

Portion of signal that is the subject of measurement (sampling). The factor of 2 is due to the

16)

.

measurement being performed in two equal periods of time (chopper amplifier) separated by
100 µs. If averaging is activated, the averaging factor determines the number of measurement
windows to be averaged.

8)

For calculating the pulse power of periodic bursts from an average power measurement.

9)

To increase measurement speed, the power sensor can be operated in buffered mode. In this
mode, measurement results are stored in a buffer of user-definable size and then output as a
block of data when the buffer is full. To enhance measurement speed even further, the sensor
can be set to record the entire series of measurements when triggered by a single event. In this
case the power sensor automatically starts a new measurement as soon as it completes the
preceding one.

10)

This parameter enables power measurements on modulated bursts. The parameter must be
longer in duration than modulation-induced power drops within the burst, but at least 10 µs
shorter than the gap between the end of one burst and the beginning of the next one.

11)

To exclude unwanted portions at the beginning or end of the measurement window from the
measurement result.

12)

Portion of signal that is the subject of measurement (sampling). Periodic signals are measured
in t wo eq ual p erio ds of time (cho pper ampl ifie r) separated by 100 µs. If averaging is activated,
the averaging factor determines the number of measurement windows to be averaged.

13)

To prevent aliasing in the case of signals with discrete modulation frequencies between
100 kHz and 1 MHz.

14)

Two standard deviations, 10.24 s integration time (see footnote

16)

). Multiplying noise specifica­tions by 10.24 s/integration time yields the noise contribution at other integration times.
Smoothing (see under Measurement window) increases noise by 22%.

15)

Two standard deviations, for power leve ls gr eate r tha n 500 nW (– 33 dBm ) in C onti nuou s
Average mode with automatic path selection (User def'd crossover deactivated or set to 0 dB).
Within a measurement subrange, relative measurement uncertainty due to noise is inversely
proportional to the measured power. The specified values refer to 500 nW (–33 dBm) and the
lower limits of paths 2 and 3 at 50 µW (–13 dBm) and 5 mW (+7 dBm) respectively.

16)

Integration time is defined as the total time used for sampling the signal. It can be calculated by
multiplying the duration of the measurement window by the averaging factor.

17)

Expanded uncertainty (k = 2) after zeroing (for 4 s). Zeroing for more than 4 s lowers uncertainty
correspondingly (half values for 16 s).

18)

Within 1 hour after zeroing, permissible temperature change ±1°C, following 2-hour warm-up
of power sensor.

19)

Magnitude of measurement error with reference to an ideal thermal power sensor that mea­sures the sum power of carrier and harmonics. Specified values apply to automatic path selec­tion (User def'd crossover deactivated or set to 0 dB) and power levels up to +20 dBm. Above
+20 dBm, specified values must be multiplied by a factor of 1.25 per 1 dB rise in power level.
Within a measurement subrange, errors (uncertainties) are proportional to the measured
power in W. The specified values refer to 10 µW (–20 dBm) for path 1, 1 mW (0 dBm) for path 2
and 100 mW (20 dBm) for path 3.

20)

Adhering to specified error limits implies that harmonics above 25 GHz (R&S NRP-Z11) and
56 GHz (R&S NRP-Z21) are at least 20 dB lower than required at other frequencies.

21)

Measurement error with reference to CW signal of equal power and frequency. Specified
values apply to automatic path selection (User def'd crossover deactivated or set to specified
val ue) a nd po wer l evel s up t o (+2 0 dBm + Use r def'd crossover). Above this level, specified
val ues m ust b e mul tipl ied b y a fa ctor of 1. 25 per 1 dB r ise i n pow er le vel. In th e mea sure ment
subranges, the specified values apply to –20 dBm for path 1, 0 dBm for path 2 and +20 dBm for
path 3.

22)

The AUTO mode is not available in conjunction with the R&S NRP basic unit.

23)

Characteristics like for a conventional power meter. The averaging factor increases continu­ously as power decreases, but not to the extent that would be necessary to keep the relative
noise content at the same level.

24)

Limits the averaging factor when measuring very low powers or when the noise content is set
to a very small value (status information available).

25)

Reference timeslot and reference point are user-definable.

26)

Preferably used with determined modulation, when the duration of the measurement window
cannot be matched to the modulation period. Compared to a rectangular window, display noise
is about 22% higher.

27)

Valid for Repeat mode, extending from the beginning to the conclusion of all transfers via the
USB interface of the power sensor. Measurement times under remote control of the R&S NRP
basic unit via IEC/IEEE bus are approximately 2.5 ms longer, extending from the start of the
measurement until the measurement result is supplied to the output buffer of the R&S NRP.

28)

For calculation of measurement time, N must be set to twice the averaging factor if the expres­sion (number of timeslots x nominal width + 100 µs + trigger delay) exceeds the trigger period.

29)

This function can be used to counteract interactions between the signal source and the input of
the power sensor (input of a component ahead of the power sensor if s-parameter correction is
activated). By using this function, the nominal power of the source into 50 Ω can be measured
(without this correction: power of the incident wave).

30)

Expanded uncertainty (k = 2) for absolute power measurements on CW signals at calibration
levels (–20 dBm for path 1, 0 dBm for paths 2 and 3) and the calibration frequencies (10 MHz,
15 MHz, 20 MHz, 30 MHz, 50 MHz, 100 MHz; from 250 MHz to 8 (18) GHz in increments of
250 MHz). Specifications include zero offset and display noise (up to a 2 σ value of 0.004 dB).

31)

Expanded uncertainty (k = 2) for absolute power measurements on CW signals with automatic
path selection. Specifications include display noise with a 2 σ val ue up to 0. 01 dB and z ero o ff-
set for levels from –40 dBm to +23 dBm. Higher display noise and the effect o f zer o off set a t
lower levels must be considered separately.
Exa mple : Pow er to be me asur ed is 3.2 n W (–55 dBm) at 1.9 GHz; ambient temperature is 29 °C;
automatic path selection is set. Typical absolute uncertainty due to z ero o ffs et eq uals 64 pW ,
corresponding to a relative measurement uncertainty of .

3.2 nW + 64 pW

10 x lg

(

Combined with the specified value of 0.081 dB for the uncertainty of absolute power measure­ments, the total uncertainty is 0.086
should be considered in the same way.

32)

Expanded uncertainty (k = 2) for relative power measurements on CW signals with automatic

2

= 0.086 dB

)

3.2 nW

+0.0812 dB = 0.12 dB. Noise content exceeding 0.01 dB

path selection. Specifications include display noise with a 2 σ value up to 0.01 dB for both the
measurement and the reference level as well as zero offsets for all levels from –40 dBm to
+23 dBm . Bel ow –4 0 dBm , the effec t of i ncre ased rela tive zero offs et mu st be take n int o
account (only for the lower level, if both levels are below –40 dBm). Display noise exceeding

0.0 1 dB m ust b e con side red s epar atel y for both the measurement level and the reference level
(if applicable). See example in footnote

33)

Reading the measurement uncertainty for relative power measurements

31)

for calculation of total uncertainty.

The example shows a level step of approx. 14 dB (–4 dBm → +10 dBm) at 1.9 GHz and an
ambient temperature of 28°C.

100 MHz to 4 GHz

+23

Power level 1:
–4 dBm

34)

Quotient of a measured and a stored reference power ratio, e.g. for measuring gain compres­sion of amplifiers.

35)

The operating temperature range defines the span of ambient temperature in which the instru-

+1

–19

–40

+7 +23–13

+23

+7

0

0

–13

+1 +23–19–40

Power level 2: +10 dBm

0°Cto50°C
15 °C to 35 °C
20 °C to 25 °C

ment complies with specifications. In the permissible temperature range, the instrument is still
functioning but adherence to specifications is not warranted.

Power Meter R&S NRP 17

Ordering information

Description Type Order No.

Basic Unit

Power Meter R&S NRP 1143.8500.02

Power Sensors

200 pW to 200 mW,
10 MHz to 8 GHz

200 pW to 200 mW,
10 MHz to 18 GHz

Options

Sensor Check Source R&S NRP-B1 1146.9008.02

Second Sensor Input (B) R&S NRP-B2 1146.8801.02

3rd and 4th Sensor Inputs (C, D)

Rear-Panel Sensor Inputs A and B

Battery Supply R&S NRP-B3 1146.8501.02

Recommended extras

Sensor Extension Cable to 5 m R&S NRP-Z2 1146.6750.05

Sensor Extension Cable to 10 m R&S NRP-Z2 1146.6750.10

USB Adapter (active) R&S NRP-Z3 1146.7005.02

USB Adapter (passive) R&S NRP-Z4 1146.8001.02

19" Rack Adapter (R&S NRP + dummy)

19" Rack Adapter (two R&S NRPs)

R&S NRP-Z11 1138.3004.02

R&S NRP-Z21 1137.6000.02

1)

R&S NRP-B5 1146.9608.02

2)

R&S NRP-B6 1146.9908.02

R&S ZZA-T26 1109.4387.00

R&S ZZA-T27 1109.4393.00

Printed in Germany 1202 (Bi sk)

1)

Option R&S NRP-B2 required.

2)

Not in conjunction with the R&S NRP-B5.

Certified Environmental System

ISO 14001

REG. NO 1954

Certified Quality System

ISO 9001

DQS REG. NO 1954

PD 0757.7023.21 ⋅ Power Meter R&S NRP ⋅ Trade names are trademarks of the owners ⋅ Subject to change ⋅ Data without tolerances: typical values

ROHDE& SCHWARZ GmbH & Co. KG ⋅ Mühldorfstraße 15 ⋅ 81671 München ⋅ Germany ⋅ P.O.B. 80 14 69 ⋅ 81614 München ⋅ Germany ⋅ Telephone [phone]

www.rohde-schwarz.com ⋅ Customer Support: Telephone [phone], Fax [phone], E-mail: [e-mail]