Rohde and Schwarz CMU200v10 Data Sheet

¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester
THE multiprotocol tester for current and future mobile radio networks
Extremely high-speed testing
Highly accurate measurements
Modular future-proof design
Comprehensive spectrum analyzer
Fast switching between networks
Version
Version
09.00
08.00
November
2007
2007
2 ¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester
Testing the 3rd generation
For more than 70 years, Rohde & Schwarz has always been at the forefront of mobile radio technology. We continue this tradition of RF test and measure­ment with the ¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester. The ¸CMU200 is a third-generation­platform design that offers true scalable multimode functionality.
The ¸CMU200 reflects the many years of expertise Rohde & Schwarz has gained in the world of mobile radio. In recent years, the company has helped to launch overwhelmingly successful mo­bile radio systems.
Rohde & Schwarz is a preferred supplier to many of the leading mobile equip­ment manufacturers and is the market leader for mobile radio test sets.
Low cost of ownership
Selecting the ¸CMU200 is a decision for the future and results in a total cost of ownership that is sure to be among the lowest due to the following factors:
The completely modular design of
hardware and software components eliminates unnecessary investments right from the start merely because a feature might be needed at some point in the future. You only pay for what you need
Maximum production output in a
compact 4-rack-unit-high package with minimum power dissipation al­lows compact production space lay­out If an expansion becomes necessary
because your needs grow, the modu­larity of the ¸CMU200 concept will make this easy. Many expansions may be installed on site. You pay for them only when you need them With the intuitive ¸CMU200 user
interface, even less experienced us­ers do not require extensive training A new remote interface syntax re-
flects the inherent modularity of this real multimode tester
The ¸CMU200 is part of a complete range of mobile radio test equipment, encompassing everything from confor­mance test systems to system simula­tors, turnkey functional board test/final test systems and simple sales-counter Go/NoGo testers.
The base unit with its standard-indepen­dent module test provides many general­purpose measurement facilities for the development of all kinds of standards within its wide and continuous frequen­cy range. If extended by the appropri­ate options, the ¸CMU200 offers the hardware and software necessary to handle your 3G, 2.5G and previous-gen­eration testing applications, including analog.
The ¸CMU200 targets a wide range of applications but is primarily optimized for the high accuracy and speed demanded in increasingly quality-conscious manufacturing processes. The picture shows the front panel for desktop use.
Applications
RF development
Module design
Module test in production
Adjustment of mobile phones
Final test in production
Functional test
Feature test
High-end service
Quality inspection
Basis for test systems
Base station simulation
4 ¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester
Usability
The ¸CMU200 key strengths
The ¸CMU200 Universal Radio Com­munication Tester brings premium cost effectiveness through a variety of fea­tures, with extremely fast measurement speed and very high accuracy being the two most important ones. In addition, the secondary remote addressing of the tester‘s modular architecture makes for intelligent and autonomous processing of complete measurement tasks and fast control program design.
Maximum accuracy
In a production environment, the tester‘s high accuracy allows devices under test (DUTs) to be trimmed for maximum bat­tery lifetime without compromising qual­ity. In the lab, the ¸CMU200 enables the development engineer to partly re­place conventional, dedicated premium­quality instruments and save desktop space at the same time. High-precision measurement correction over the entire frequency and dynamic range as well as compensation for temperature effects in realtime are critical factors for achieving the ¸CMU200‘s excellent accuracy.
The globally standardized Rohde & Schwarz calibration system can check the ¸CMU200‘s accuracy at a service cen­ter close to you or, in some cases, on your premises. A worldwide network of these standardized automatic calibration sys­tems has been implemented in our service centers. Highly accurate and repeatable calibration can be performed wherever you are. Your local Rohde & Schwarz represen­tative offers customized service contracts. For large-scale users of the ¸CMU200, a compact level verification system is avail­able in addition.
Owing to the high resolution of the extremely bright high-contrast TFT display, even the finest details can be displayed
Direct branching to all associ-
ated menus makes for a uniquely
flat menu structure
Top speed
The high processing speed is due to ex­tensive use of ProbeDSP™ technology, parallel measurements and innovative remote command processing.
ProbeDSP™ technology
The modular architecture relies on decentralized ProbeDSP™ processing coordinated by a powerful central processor. Like an oscilloscope probe, DSPs dedicated to a specific local data acquisition and evaluation workload help to keep subsystem performance at a maximum even if additional modules are fitted to the ¸CMU200 mainframe Parallel measurements
Several RX and TX measurements can be performed in parallel. This is achieved by the fast response of the ¸CMU200‘s modular hardware as well as the high over­all processing power of the instru­ment and the avoidance of bottle­necks by dedicated operation of the
ProbeDSP™ technology. Examples of parallel operation are measurements of BER and simultaneous phase/fre­quency error, error vector magnitude (EVM), magnitude error and audio, or the various spectrum measurements Innovative remote processing
The novel secondary addressing mode can address similar functions of each of the ¸CMU200 sub­systems (i.e. different mobile radio standards) in an almost identical way. Using this type of addressing, new remote test sequences can be pro­grammed by a simple cut-and-paste operation followed by the editing of specific commands to adapt the control program to the new applica­tion. Secondary addressing is fully SCPI-compliant, which means that a subsystem address, for example WCDMA, can be replaced by a string denoting a different subsystem, i.e. another mobile radio standard
As the ¸CMU200 offers many of its measurements in signaling and non-sig­naling mode, this simple visual indication of the signaling state is provided as part of the status line This symbol shows the instrument
status, i.e. remote or manual
operation
For increased speed, measurements not required can be switched off to free resources for the measurements you want to focus on
Key advantages of the ¸CMU200
Speed
Unrivaled speed of single measurements
Accuracy
Incomparable accuracy
Excellent result repeatability
Modularity
Exceptional reliability
The ¸CMU200 employs ultra-effec­tive heat management between housing and individual components as well as between heat sinks and air flow. Togeth­er with the independent cooling cycles for different modules, this adds up to an optimized cooling system.
The base unit
The base unit without any options in­stalled can be used for testing general parameters of 1st, 2nd or 3rd generation mobile phones. The ¸CMU200 base unit is the ideal solution for tasks at the module level, i.e. at the early production stages of all cellular standards.
Measurements are configured by
twice pressing the softkey marked
with the yellow triangle
Integral parts of the ¸CMU200 base unit are the RF generator and RF analyz­er, which are complemented by a versa­tile, network-independent time domain menu and a comprehensive spectrum analyzer. The illustration above shows a power versus time measurement as an example.
By combining graphical and numeric overview menus, the user can select the optimal view when the ¸CMU200 is in manual mode.
The menu structure of the ¸CMU200 is very flat and uses context-sensitive se­lection, entry and configuration pop-up menus.
Modular hardware and software concept
provides easy expansion to further func­tionality
Reliability
Extremely low power consumption and
effective heat conduction result in unpar­alleled reliability
Future-proof
Easy migration to emerging standards
Advanced operational ergonomics have been incorporated into a highly compact and lightweight, 4-rack-unit-high pack­age.
¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester 5
6 ¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester
Optimized solutions for your production test requirements
Rohde & Schwarz supports ¸CMU200­based production test solutions through a comprehensive network of application engineering sites. The backbone of this network consists of the four system in­tegration centers located in Asia, North America and Europe.
System integration services
Regional center project teams offer local system integration, service and support. A team of experts is ready to provide turnkey solutions, including test case programming. Custom-tailored project solutions and site process optimization are major aspects of our services.
Time to market
The key to commercial success is the time required to get a new product to market in large numbers. The crucial point is the fast transition from prod­uct development to mass production. The Cellular Phone Production Test Platform ¸TS7180 featuring the ¸CMU200 meets this challenge.
tests, a test pattern for the camera of the DUT, and pneumatic fingers for key­pad tests.
The Shielded RF Test Fixture ¸TS 7110 for mobile phones can be adjusted by means of swap kits to accommodate sev­eral types of DUTs. It can be used for the following tests:
RF (antenna)
Audio
LC display
DUT camera and keypad and other
DUT interfaces
The Shielded RF Test Fixture ¸TS 7110.
The ¸TS 7180 supports common mo­bile radio standards such as GSM, GPRS, CDMA2000® and WCDMA by means of ready-to-run test sequences supplied with the platform. The test sequences can be extended and modified by means of a flexible sequence editor.
The software can thus simultaneously use the resources of the parallel equip­ment to maximize speed in highly auto­mated production. We can offer optimal­ly configured test systems customized to your production environment.
Test executive and generic test software library features
The parallel hardware is fully supported by TestStand, the industry-wide test ex­ecutive from National Instruments. A user-friendly connection to the available device drivers has been created to pro­vide faster use of the test executive. This connection is established by the generic test software library (GTSL). At the same time, the toolkit concept provides ready­to-run test cases, which can be custom­ized by the user as required.
Sequence editor
¸TS7180 description in brief
The ¸TS7180 test platform can test two mobile phones simultaneously. It essentially consists of two Radio Com­munication Testers ¸CMU200, two Dual-Channel Analyzers/Power Supplies ¸NGM02, two Shielded RF Test Fix­tures ¸TS7110 for holding the DUT, and an industrial PC. The modular RF Test Fixture ¸TS7110 can be expand­ed from a bed-of-nails PCB test fixture up to a fully configured test fixture for final testing, including an antenna for RF tests, a loudspeaker and microphone for acoustic tests, a camera for LC display
Shielded test chamber 2 final test
Shielded test chamber 1 final test
Air coupling
Wire coupling
Fixture control
Level converter
Audio amplifier
Bottom
connector
DUT
Industrial PC
COM 1
Keypad Mouse Graphics LAN Printer, HD
DUT control
GPIB #1
GPIB #2
Radio Communication Tester 1 R&S CMU200
RF In/Out
Audio In/Out
Power supply 1
Dual-channel battery/charger
GPIB #2
GPIB #1
Fixture control
COM 2
USB 1
USB 2
USB DIO
interface
Audio
RF
Battery/charger/sense
¸TS7180:
example of a
two-channel
system with one
¸TS 7110
fixture.
Software concept in brief
¸TS 7180/7110 features in brief
High throughput by parallel testing of
mobile phones One system for functional board test,
phone calibration and final test One system for all major mobile phone
standards Easy expansion to 3rd generation tech-
nologies Ready-to-run Rohde & Schwarz GTSL test
library for immediate use or customization Modular and versatile hardware/software
platform Reduced costs due to generic concept
Swap kit
For detailed information, see separate data sheets: ¸TS 7110 (PD 0757.7723) ¸TS 7180 (PD 0757.7469)
Software platform based on
LabWindows/CVI and TestStand from National Instruments GTSL includes ready-to-run test cases
for the standards supported by the ¸CMU200 Functional test sequences for RF test,
calibration, signaling test, audio and acoustic test of mobile phones are supported
Block diagram
for a two-channel
configuration of
the ¸TS 7180.
¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester 7
Transparent and open library can be
expanded by the user Operator interface (GTOP) and test
cases can be easily customized Parallel test of multiple mobile
phones is fully supported GTSL supports multithreading and
instrument sharing if needed Test development time is reduced by
as much as 80 %
8 ¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester
Ready for today’s networks …
GSM today
Since its introduction in the early nine­ties, the GSM system has won accep­tance and undergone an evolution that no one could have foreseen.
Currently, the following GSM systems are deployed in support of numerous ap­plications worldwide:
GSM400
GSM850
GSM900 including
P-GSM (primary GSM)
E-GSM (extended GSM)
R-GSM (railway GSM)
– GSM1800 (DCS)
GSM1900 (PCS)
Whether the application is in production, service or development, the flexible con­cept of the ¸CMU200 can handle practically all requirements: from basic RF signal generation, frequency, power and spectrum analyzer measurements for the alignment of modules in produc­tion or development, to full GSM-specific signaling in any of the above-mentioned bands, as well as module tests on fre­quencies anywhere in the range from 10 MHz to 2.7 GHz.
Signaling mode
The ¸CMU200 simulates a GSM base station RF interface, providing the signaling flexibility necessary to test the performance of a mobile phone under the influence of different signaling pa­rameters. These parameters are normally set by the network operator but can be reproduced by the ¸CMU200 for test purposes. The instrument supports the latest fast location update and direct paging features.
Reduced signaling synchro­nized mode
The ¸CMU200 provides the same functionality as in the signaling mode but discards any signaling response from the mobile phone connected. This mode of operation enables testing of modules that only have layer 1 capabilities as well as very fast RF testing in production en­vironments. It can also skip the location update procedure in order to save time.
Non-signaling mode
This mode is used to generate a sig­nal with GSM-specific midambles and modulation in the entire frequency range from 10 MHz to 2.7 GHz. The analyzer of­fers the same flexibility for GSM-specific transmitter measurements such as
Modulation analysis
Average and peak burst power
Power versus time, power versus slot,
power versus frame Spectrum due to switching/modula-
tion
GSM development
As a tool for GSM development engi­neers, the ¸CMU200 is an unsur­passed solution. The RF interface pro­vides four input and output connectors offering a wide range of signal levels for the generation and analysis of RF signals. Input-only connectors, as well as combined input/output connectors, can analyze mobile phones or modules with a sensitivity down to –80 dBm and up to +47 dBm for the power meter. RF signals can be generated with levels from –130 dBm up to +13 dBm, depend­ing on the selected connector.
All measurement tolerances are set by default in line with the 3GPP TS 51.010 and 3GPP TS 45.005 recommendations but may be altered to suit individual needs.
Production of mobile phones
Production is a process that calls for cost effectiveness. The ¸CMU200 con­cept is optimized for IEC/IEEE bus speed, measurement accuracy and reproducibil­ity as well as cost of ownership. Owing to multitasking capability and parallel measurements, previously unobtainable test times can be achieved.
The flexible ¸CMU200 hardware concept allows the latest DSP technolo­gies to be used in measurements, e.g. to speed up transmitter measurements (spectrum due to switching/modulation) to the extent that measurements virtu­ally in realtime are possible.
The ability to process BER data and per­form transmitter measurements at the same time allows phase/frequency error, power versus time and average power (PCL accuracy) to be measured during the time-consuming receiver test.
The accuracy and reproducibility ensure correct and stable measurement results and thus contribute to the quality and reliability of the end product.
GSM speech evolution – AMR
Maintaining good voice quality even un­der extremely poor transmission condi­tions is now possible with the innovative adaptive multirate (AMR) voice coding algorithm, which opens up new possibili­ties for GSM. The new algorithm allows voice quality to be gradually reduced in favor of improved error correction by
The GSM-specific non-signaling test
provides generation and analysis of
RF signals (GMSK or 8PSK modu-
lated) for testing RX/TX modules or
mobile phones in service mode.
For an AMR full-rate or AMR half-
rate link, a rate set of up to four
combinations of voice and channel
codings (codecs) can be selected
from the eight full-rate and the six
half-rate codecs. During a call, it is
possible to switch between the rates
of the rate set.
The overview menu provides fast
comprehensive information on the
mobile phone‘s RF performance; the
hotkeys at the bottom of the screen
provide immediate access to specific
and detailed GSM measurements.
¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester 9
10 ¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester
dynamically adapting the data rate. In­terruptions of voice transmission can thus be avoided by allowing a barely perceptible reduction in audio quality. The ¸CMU200 provides all eight combinations of voice and channel cod­ing (codecs) for full-rate and six combi­nations for half-rate transmission. For call setup, a set of four rates (codecs) is selected from the eight full-rate and the six half-rate codecs. Then additional test parameters (thresholds) are selected for the mobile phone. Dynamic switchover between the selected rates is effected by AMR inband signaling. In the uplink, the mobile phone informs the base station about the quality of the established link and proposes the optimal rate for the se­lected rate set to the base station.
GSM data evolution – 2.5G
The newly designed spectrum application allows the simultaneous measurement of spectra due to switching and modulation in realtime. Moreover, the user can select a frequency offset (spectral line) by means of a marker and display it in the time domain. Transient characteristics in spec­trum-due-to-switching measurements can thus be shown as a function of time.
The amount of data traffic in GSM net­works is growing rapidly. Multislot ap­plications such as HSCSD, GPRS and the innovative 8PSK modulation scheme EDGE are needed to support the increase in data traffic. The ¸CMU200 plat­form is not only able to handle today‘s standards and systems but is also de­signed for the needs of tomorrow.
Multislot
In the future, mobile phones will be able to use several timeslots simultaneously for data transmission and reception to further increase the data rate. The si­multaneous transmission and reception of several timeslots (multislot) is the main technological challenge for circuit­switched and packet-switched applica­tions. The following expansions of the GSM single-slot measurements enable maximum flexibility in development, and, with reduced measurement times, maxi­mum throughput in production.
in the downlink (DL). The ¸CMU generates up to eight timeslots per frame in the downlink; each timeslot can be assigned a separate level. The excellent level stability of the ¸CMU200 generator is not im­paired by multislot transmission using different levels, and allows highly ac­curate receiver sensitivity measure­ments (BER/BLER) Transmitter and receiver measure-
ments are possible on every timeslot used. The new multislot concept al­lows independent measurements on any timeslot (TS 0 to 7) and thus cov­ers the current and future multislot combinations without restrictions The ¸CMU200 combines high
flexibility with great operating con­venience. Based on the multislot ca­pability information from the mobile phone, the ¸CMU200 selects the maximum possible number of time­slots for a specific application and, when changing between transmit­ter and receiver tests, automatically adapts the timeslot allocation
Power-versus-time measurement
Individual levels for all timeslots used
(graphical display) for up to four time­slots in the uplink (UL). The templates of this application are evaluated inde­pendently for each timeslot – in line with standards and recommenda­tions. Both GMSK- and 8PSK-modu­lated signals are recognized, and the templates of the relevant timeslot, depending on the modulation scheme used, are set in realtime
Multislot measurements are required for HSCSD technologies as well as for GPRS and EGPRS.
The power-versus-time multislot application can graphically display up to 4 adjacent timeslots, automatically detect GMSK- and 8PSK-modulated signals and activate the associated templates in realtime. A new zoom function allows full-screen display of up to four slots. Moreover, the user can zoom in anywhere along the time or power axis.
8PSK modulation – EDGE
In addition to multislot, a further step toward increasing the mobile radio data rate is 8PSK. By using the avail­able GSM frame structure, the gross data rate is three times that obtained with GMSK. Error vector magnitude and magnitude error have been added to the range of modulation measurements. New templates for power-versus-time measurements ensure compliance with the specifications, as do the modified tolerance for spectrum measurements. As with all measurements provided by the ¸CMU200, special attention has been given to achieving maximum mea-
GPRS/EGPRS
With newer, future-oriented methods of packet data transmission, the radio resources of existing GSM mobile radio networks can be utilized efficiently for data services. As with circuit-switched services, GPRS will also use a combi­nation of several timeslots (multislots) and higher-level modulation in the form of 8PSK (EGPRS) to increase the data rate. The introduction of packet­oriented transmission and the associ­ated temporary assignment of radio re­sources require new test concepts. The ¸CMU200 provides the following test modes:
surement accuracy and speed for EDGE.
3GPP test mode A (GPRS/EGPRS)
In this mode, the mobile phone continu­ously transmits the associated UL time­slots. The ¸CMU200 can carry out all TX multislot measurements available, such as the power ramp measurement of up to four adjacent timeslots simultane­ously, or modulation and spectrum mea­surements.
Selecting the coding scheme determines whether the mobile phone is to transmit GMSK- or 8PSK-modulated data. With GPRS/ EGPRS, transmission resources are usually allocated temporarily. The uplink state flag (USF) transmitted in the downlink informs the mobile phone that uplink resources have been allocated for the next block and that these resources have to be used. Correct de­coding of the highly protected USF sequence is an essential prerequisite for the “dynamic allocation“ and “extended dynamic alloca­tion“ modes to work properly, and is veri­fied by the ¸CMU200 by means of the USF BLER test (test modes A and B). Various routines, e.g. USF BLER and false USF detec­tion, are available.
3GPP test mode B (GPRS/EGPRS)
This mode creates a loopback in the mobile phone so that the mobile phone retransmits data blocks received from the ¸CMU200. To achieve maximum measurement speed, the test mode does not employ the back­ward error correction function used in pack­et data transmission, which enables the ac­knowledgement-based (acknowledged/not acknowledged) retransmission of erroneous data blocks. The transmitter and the receiv­er are active at the same time. The mobile phone returns the received data blocks to the ¸CMU200 unchanged, comparable to the loopback mode in circuit-switched op­eration. The data is looped back after chan­nel coding, which means that the mobile phone‘s coder and decoder functions are tested as well.
In addition to the measurements available in the 3GPP test mode A, test mode B en­ables very fast receiver test, bit error ratio and Rohde & Schwarz-proprietary block error ratio measurements in parallel to transmitter tests (BER/DBLER)
¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester 11
12 ¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester
Fast production test mode for test modes A, B and (E)GPRS loop (GPRS/(E)GPRS)
3GPP EGPRS symmetrical and non-symmetrical loopback mode (EGPRS only)
Unlike in test mode B, the data blocks are looped back before they undergo channel coding, i.e. the coders are by­passed in favor of increased measure­ment speed. In the symmetrical (E)GPRS loopback mode, 8PSK-modulated data blocks are received in the downlink and returned unchanged in the uplink. In the non-symmetrical mode, 8PSK data blocks are received in the downlink and returned in the uplink as GMSK-modu­lated data spread over the next three data blocks. Similar to test mode B, the (E)GPRS loopback mode allows simul­taneous transmitter and receiver tests to be performed at an even higher data throughput.
3GPP BLER measurements – acknowledge mode (GPRS/(E)GPRS)
The BLER measurement mode employs GPRS/(E)GPRS backward error correc­tion. The ¸CMU200 sends data blocks in allocated timeslots in the downlink. The mobile phone checks the data blocks for errors (CRC check) and, instead of returning the data blocks, re­turns only the block acknowledgements in the uplink. The mobile phone trans­mitter is thus only temporarily active for sending uplink acknowledgements, which means that transmitter measure­ments are possible only to a limited ex­tent in the BLER mode.
For R&D requirements, the BLER menu opens up a wide range of options to de­termine receiver characteristics even beyond the scope of the 3GPP test sce­narios. The ¸CMU200 furnishes an average result over all timeslots used, as well as the BLER and the actual data throughput for each timeslot. The down­link transmitter level can be varied sepa­rately for each timeslot and is displayed as an important test parameter together with the data throughput and the result­ing BLER. The (E)GPRS BLER measure­ment is based on a new retransmission algorithm referred to as “incremental redundancy“.
Incremental redundancy means that errored blocks are retransmitted using a different puncturing scheme. The ¸CMU200 can cycle through the puncturing schemes as specified by the 3GPP standard, or start with a specific puncturing scheme, or use the same puncturing scheme throughout (incre­mental redundancy OFF).
Extremely fast adjustment and testing of RF parameters during mobile phone production is ensured by deactivating the GPRS/(E)GPRS protocol stack. With­out using all functions on the higher protocol layer (RLC/MAC layer), the ¸CMU200 synchronizes the mobile phone (camping), and the data channel (PDCH) is then set up directly without executing the time-consuming routines of location update and GPRS/(E)GPRS attach. Any signaling for reconfiguring the test setup is likewise omitted. The fast production test mode developed by Rohde & Schwarz provides test condi­tions comparable to those defined for the 3GPP test modes. The ¸CMU200 performs all transmitter and receiver measurements described by 3GPP, but at a considerably higher speed.
For GPRS/EGPRS, BLER measurements can be performed simultaneously on up to four downlink timeslots. The actual data throughput, the BLER and the resulting data rate (RLC/MAC layer) are displayed separately for each timeslot and as an average for all timeslots used. Furthermore an incremental redundancy performance test is performed, and the channel quality is indicated.
GSM highlights of the ¸CMU200
Benchmark-breaking IEC/IEEE bus speed
due to
Optimized processing power and fast
modulation spectrum measurement using latest DSP generations Statistical BER test based on confidence
evaluation
High flexibility for R&D
Assignment on up to 8 UL and DL slots
(TS 0 to 7) TX/RX on any transmit slot
Individual level generation on any DL slot
used 3GPP packet data test mode supporting
modes A, B and (E)GPRS loop GPRS/(E)GPRS TBF reconfiguration during
established link GPRS/(E)GPRS intra-band handover
In the 8PSK mode, the modulation analysis is subdivided. The error vector magnitude (EMV), the magnitude error and the phase error can be displayed both numerically as shown above, or graphically.
GMSK/8PSK measurements
Phase/frequency error, EVM, magnitude
error, origin offset, I/Q imbalance GMSK for I/Q modulator tuning Power versus time
On up to 4 UL slots
Normal/access
Peak power/average, power versus
frame, power versus slot
High-speed ACP measurement (switching
and modulation measurement in parallel) with additional time domain view Timing error
BER/DBLER, RBER/FER, FastBER
BLER@4DL (GPRS/EGPRS) Incremental redundancy support
((E)GPRS) Power versus PCL (on 3 or 7 channels)
¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester 13
14 ¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester
WCDMA in the ¸CMU200
The need for higher data rates is the consequence of an information-orient­ed society in the new millennium. The enhancement of mobile devices takes this need into account. Third-genera­tion wireless communications pose new challenges. Driven by ideas of the first and second generation (SIM, global roaming, CDMA technology, data ser­vices), WCDMA takes all fundamentals to unprecedented levels and adds new application fields as well as applica­tion-tailored data security. Derived from Asian, American, and European ideas, 3G networks are the mobile solution for future needs as well as the current mainstream.
WCDMA FDD functionality
The tests provided by the ¸CMU200 are based on 3GPP/FDD Release 99 and optional R5/R61) 2) WCDMA radio link standards. Regular adaptations to new releases and baselines are made as the standard evolves; thus the ¸CMU200 today supports Release 5 as well as Re­lease 6. Most of the measurements of­fered comply with the 3GPP specification TS 34.121, chapter 5 (transmitter charac­teristics), chapter 6 (receiver characteris­tics), chapter 7 (performance tests), and chapter 9 (performance requirements for HSDPA)1) and chapter 10 (Performance Requirements for HSUPA)2). The ¸CMU200 can be equipped with an FDD transmitter tester, an ad­ditional FDD generator, and FDD signal­ing hardware. Depending on the ap­plication, only the first or the first two might be needed, allowing T&M budgets to be optimized. The three units allow the ¸CMU200 to be configured for non-signaling TX, TX/RX or signaling TX/
1)
More ab out the HSDPA c apabilities in the f ollowing
sect ion.
2)
More ab out the HSUPA c apabilities in the f ollowing
sect ion.
RX measurements and functional test­ing on the UE (user equipment) in line with the 3GPP specification. Due to the highly user-friendly menu concept, the ¸CMU200 provides quick access to all required measurements and optimizes the handling and thus the efficiency of complex measurement tasks with ap­propriate status messages and built-in statistical functions. Different WCDMA/ FDD handover capabilities such as inter­frequency and inter-band handover are available in the ¸CMU200 WCDMA solution. Moreover, handover to other cellular networks such as GSM, i.e. inter­RAT handovers – blind or in compressed mode – are implemented.
Non-signaling mode
The non-signaling mode is for generating and analyzing WCDMA (3GPP/FDD) signals in the full frequency range of the ¸CMU200 base unit. The ¸CMU200 provides WCDMA-specific TX measurements on signals with up to six DPDCHs such as:
ACLR (adjacent channel leakage
power ratio): two measurement modes, filter (bargraph) and FFT (cont. spectrum) method; absolute or relative readout OBW (occupied bandwidth)
SEM (spectrum emission mask)
CDP (code domain power):
CDP vs all codes, CDP vs DCH chan­nels, RHO vs all codes, RHO vs DCH channels; all measurements in relative or absolute readout, CDP versus time Modulation (for 3GPP or general
QPSK): EVM (error vector magnitude), magnitude error, phase error, fre­quency error, I/Q offset, I/Q imbalance, peak code domain error, RHO (wave­form quality), transmit time error, I/Q constellation/vector/eye diagram
Power: MAX, MIN, OFF (UE test
mode) Power versus slot, inner loop power
Phase discontinuity
The non-signaling mode allows tests of all essential RF parameters of the con­nected UE, where autoranging for the received UE signal is also applied. The measurements are performed in un­synchronized mode. No call is set up to evaluate UE performance using this mode. No 3GPP FDD generator option is needed. The capability to use different 3G dedicated triggers such as signal­ing trigger, IF, TPC, frame or slot trigger, HSDPCCH etc, together with the flexible trigger settings such as delay and delay offset make this an interesting tool for R & D applications where a protocol stack is not available.
Reduced signaling synchronized mode
This mode requires the 3GPP FDD gener­ator option to be installed on top of the transmitter tester. This generator for the ¸CMU200 provides all necessary for­ward link channels and 3GPP-conform­ing AWGN and orthogonal noise signals. 16 channels with OCNS can be added and their power levels changed.
The generated channels and available functions include the following:
P-CPICH/P-SCH/S-SCH/P-CCPCH/
S-CPICH/PICH/DPCCH/DPDCH Flexible adjustments of physical pa-
rameters such as power, code, etc for physical channels, including the generation of data (pseudo noise se­quences, and fixed data patterns) TPC profiles (three predefined, one
user-defined setting, seven user-se­lectable, five definable TPC setups)
In the connection folder of the con-
nection control menu, all relevant
¸CMU200 connection set-
tings are displayed together with
the reported UE capabilities. The
main control buttons to initiate and
release different connection types
are located here.
This screenshot shows a typical UE
output power response to the TPC
patterns. The power vs slot mea-
surement can be used with the pat-
terns A through H, a combination
of algorithms 1 and 2, and different
step sizes. Here, pattern F is used.
The inner loop measurement can be
displayed as absolute and relative
graphics or as a numeric power ver-
sus slot table.
In the phase discontinuity measure-
ment, the upper diagram shows the
measured UE power in up to 46 con-
secutive slots corresponding to the
last TPC pattern sent to the UE.
The lower diagram shows the phase
discontinuity in the measured slots.
¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester 15
16 ¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester
WCDMA in the ¸CMU200
OCNS (16 orthogonal channels)
OCNS/Rel. 99 and OCNS/Rel. 5 AWGN
The ¸CMU200 generator can also provide non-channel-coded data on the physical layer and allow slot for­mats from 0 through 16 to be selected. Synchronization of the UE (but still no call setup) is mandatory for RX evalu­ation, synchronized TX measurements, and additional TX measurements such as inner-loop power control with TPC com­mands:
TPC stepping measurement
(UE receives TPC commands from the ¸CMU200 generator) Receiver quality: BER, BLER, and
DBLER (two modes, UE-assisted evaluation, or RF loopback (realtime receiver option needed)) Phase discontinuity measurement
Using the ¸ABFS baseband fading simulator and the ¸CMU200 with optional IQ/IF interface, conditions of fading may be simulated and the results evaluated with the ¸CMU200. In contrast to RF fading, a baseband fading scenario makes it possible to maintain the extremely high downlink accuracy provided by the ¸CMU200 3GPP FDD generator. In addition, baseband­faded testing usually comes at a much lower cost than an RF fading solution. All fading tests are possible in synchro­nized or signaling mode. The optional IQ/IF interface can also be used for base­band testing when no RF section of the UE is available in R&D.
The ACLR menu shows all adjacent-channel-related information in graphical as well as in scalar numeric form. Since the ACLR FFT and OBW measurement methods are closely related, results for occupied bandwidth are displayed simultaneously. The scalar display excluding the center channel (0 MHz) may be switched to absolute readout as well.
FDD signaling mode
Signaling tests are tests in an environ­ment closer to a true live network. 3GPP currently specifies eleven different op­erating bands for FDD (bands 1 through
11). All eleven bands are optionally sup­ported by the ¸CMU200.
The measurements offered are largely the same as performed in synchronized mode. In signaling mode, the ¸CMU200 simulates one WCDMA base-station RF interface including the signaling proto­col so that an FDD UE can be tested with regard to various signaling parameters. All necessary network and Node B (base station) parameters such as control and data channel configurations can be set. In addition to the non-signaling tests, the ¸CMU200 provides features such as:
Dynamic setting of signaling
parameters RRC connection setup
Readout of UE capabilities
Authentication and security (integrity)
Call setup (MOC, MTC)
Call release (NIR, MIR)
Measurements from non-signaling
section Open-loop power control (on/off time
mask for RACH preambles) Modulation quality measurements
during the random access procedure (PRACH preambles) Phase discontinuity in line with
3GPP TS 31.121 chapter 5.3.13 Inner-loop power control (traffic
power commands, TPC patterns A to H) Test mode/test loop activation com-
mand (test loop mode 1, transparent, and test loop mode 2 with and with­out uplink CRC) BTFD (blind transport format detec-
tion) with false transmit format detec­tion ratio (FDR) and transport format indicator (UL TFCI)
The UE reports for the current and neighbor FDD cell (can be obtained from an existing FDD cell on the air, for example) and from a neighbor GSM cell can be requested by activating the compressed mode patterns. Four predefined compressed mode patterns can be combined. The ¸CMU200 also provides full flexibility with user-defined patterns as well as all 3GPP defined compressed mode patterns.
Receiver quality: BER, BLER, and
DBLER (RF loopback) Readout of UE measurement reports
on current and neighbor cell (UTRA/ GSM) (with activated compressed mode (CM)) Several possibilities for handovers:
from WCDMA to GSM (blind and compressed mode), and back from GSM to WCDMA (blind handover), including neighbor cell measurement
The measurements can be performed on different radio access bearers (RAB) such as:
WB-AMR (optional) at 23.85 kbit/s,
23.05 kbit/s, 19.85 kbit/s, 18.25 kbit/s,
15.85 kbit/s, 14.25 kbit/s,12.65 kbit/s,
8.85 kbit/s, 6.60 kbit/s (codec set A to I, M) with selectable audio loopback RMC at 12.2 kbit/s, 64 kbit/s,
144 kbit/s, 384 kbit/s Asymetric RMC at
UL/144 kbit/s DL/64 kbit/s UL/384 kbit/s DL/64 kbit/s UL/384 kbit/s DL/144 kbit/s BTFD (blind transport format detection
12.2 kbit/s RMC in combination with
HSDPA and HSUPA (optional) Video call in loopback mode at
64 kbit/s fixed data rate in UL, DL
SRB at 1.7 kbit/s, 2.5 kbit/s,
3.4 kbit/s, and 13.6 kbit/s AMR at 12.2 kbit/s, 10.2 kbit/s,
7.95 kbit/s, 7.4 kbit/s, 6.7 kbit/s,
5.9 kbit/s, 5.15 kbit/s, 4.75 kbit/s (codec set A to H, M) with selectable audio loopback
Packet-switched connection at
fixed data rate of UL/64 kbit/s and DL/384 kbit/s or 64 kbit/s UL and DL, or 384 kbit/s UL and DL, 64 kbit/s and 384 kbit/s in combination with HSDPA and HSUPA (optional)
An optional AMR speech codec for WCDMA that supports the above-listed data rates is also available. It allows au­dio measurements to be performed with the ¸CMU200 audio board (option) or on an external audio analyzer, e.g. the ¸UPL16.
The high flexibility of the signaling stack allows various parameters in the ¸CMU200 MMI to be changed or different Node B configurations to be simulated via remote control.
Quality assurance
Due to its high measurement repeat­ability and accuracy, the ¸CMU200 is the right choice to help ensure a con­sistently high level of quality. WCDMA­ specific measurements such as BER/ BLER and EVM, plus the full implemen­tation of complementary (i.e. ACLR and OBW) measurements provide an excellent test platform for high-quality products. Unrivaled AF/audio and RF/
)
fading performance allows test setups at a low price, with compact size and high test depth.
¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester 17
18 ¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester
WCDMA in the ¸CMU200
WCDMA development
The well-structured, user-friendly menu design and the clear-cut screen layout provide quick access to all features and ensures trouble-free monitoring of the device under test (DUT). The tester can be switched between 3GPP and general QPSK modes to increase the usability with DUTs under development. For anal­ysis of the signaling messages between the UE and the ¸CMU200, an op­tional message analyzer is available.
Production of mobile phones
The production of mobile phones re­quires time-efficient and cost-effec­tive measurements that simultaneously ensure both high throughput and high yield. Owing to market-leading accuracy and the unique IEC/IEEE bus concept of the ¸CMU200, these two goals can be easily achieved in production environ­ments.
Repair applications (manufac­turing and service centers)
With its outstanding versatility, the ¸CMU200 is also a suitable tool for mobile phone troubleshooting. Four configurable RF ports and a built-in RF connector switch matrix (standard unit) are provided to enable flexible signal level ranges and switching. Since each ¸CMU200 measurement menu al­lows an independent setting for the input and output ports, a phone fixture and spectrum analyzer probe can remain permanently connected to the ¸CMU200.
After the software has been ported to the mobile phone, users often want to record protocols to optimize internal processes or to perform an error analy­sis that may be necessary. The ¸CMU-Z46 message analyzer and recorder option allows all universal terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN) proto­col layers to be recorded, which can then be used for more detailed analysis. When installed on an external PC and communicated to the ¸CMU200 via an Ethernet connection, this powerful tool permits in-depth analyses, including transport layer analyses.
This measurement shows the receiver sensitivity measurement on a UE at –110 dBm P-CPICH in test-loop mode 2. In addition to the minimum DL power condition, the compressed mode can be selected to see if the same sensitivity is maintained with compressed mode. The ¸CMU200 also provides a ”lost transport blocks” counter for easier troubleshooting.
Switching standards
Multimode UE applications are possible
using the handover capabilities of the Fast switching between 3GPP FDD and any of the other numerous standards supported by the ¸CMU200 is a standard feature of the instrument and can be achieved by simply pressing a
¸CMU200 such as blind and com-
pressed mode handover to GSM as well
as blind handover or handover including
inter-RAT neighbor cell measurement
from GSM back to WCDMA. button.
Versatile production test layouts are pos­sible and true multimode test bays that utilize the flexibility and throughput of the ¸CMU200 are no longer a con­cept of the future.
WCDMA highlights of the ¸CMU200
Benchmark-breaking ICE/IEEE bus speed
(see highlights of base unit) Combined measurements, many different
measurement modes Multiband/multimode testing
Powerful signaling capabilities available:
MOC, MTC, MIR, NIR, inter-frequency handover, inter-band handover, inter-RAT handover Display of UE capabilities
Large selection of radio access bearers
(RABs) with various data rates including video call in loopback mode Up to 384 kbit/s reference measurement
channels (symmetrical and asymmetrical) 3GPP-conforming generation of OCNS
(orthogonal channel noise simulation) and AWGN Separate and highly accurate level set-
ting for individual DL code channels Simple voice test using AB/echo by
tester; dedicated audio tests available (option) User-defined settings of RF-relevant
signaling parameters ON/OFF time mask for open-loop power
measurements including the system info settings Power vs slot menu for realtime measure-
ment of RMS UE transmit power in up to 100 consecutive slots 3G dedicated trigger options such as IF
power, signaling, slot, frame, preamble, PRACH message part, TPC, compressed mode, and change of TFC trigger External message analyzer for reading
signaling message log files (option) Simple interactive operation in manual
MMI Configuration of compressed mode for
neighbor cell reports Handover and BER/BLER procedures
during compressed mode
¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester 19
Base station
DUT
Downlink DPCH
Shared control channel (HS-SCCH) 1
Shared control channel (HS-SCCH) 2
Shared control channel (HS-SCCH) 3
Shared control channel (HS-SCCH) 4
Uplink DPCH
HS-DPCCH
Data
Modulation/
code assignment
FEC
HS-PDSCH (15 channels)
ACK / NACK,
channel quality
indicator
20 ¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester
WCDMA evolution – high speed downlink packet access
High speed downlink packet access (HSDPA)
Fast, high-quality data services are al­ready possible with WCDMA FDD Rel. 99 (frequency division duplex). As an extension of this functionality, 3GPP Rel. 5 (HSDPA) increases the data rate up to 14 Mbit/s by implementing new data transfer techniques. The increased data rate is made possible for two main reasons: Both communicating entities (Node B and UE) implement complex data transfer principles in layer 1, and, even more important, up to 15 new physical channels (HS-DSCHs) have been introduced in the downlink sig­nal. The ¸CMU200 takes part in this evolutionary trend by offering the soft­ware options for HSDPA in the signaling and non-signaling modes. All you need to do is install the key codes – no extra hardware is needed. The only require­ment for the HSDPA software option is existing WCDMA functionality in the ¸CMU200.
HSDPA functionality
The HSDPA software options enable the ¸CMU200 to generate up to four HS-SCCHs and up to 15 HS-DSCHs in the downlink signal. Thus, the ¸CMU200 can handle all HSDPA categories 1 through 12. Furthermore, the ¸CMU200 hardware already supports HSUPA.
3)
More ab out the HSUPA c apabiliti es in the follo wing
sect ion.
3)
Channel structure of the physical channels with HSDPA.
Configuring the HSDPA channels
The ¸CMU200 downlink signal can
be configured in various ways, depend-
ing on the test purpose. This yields
maximum flexibility. Each of the four
HS-SCCH can be configured in power
or channelization code, or they can be
disabled. The HS-DSCH can also be
changed with respect to power, chan-
nelization code, and data pattern, and it
can be configured in three ways:
In accordance with the fixed refer-
ence
channels (H sets). You can select any of the 6 fixed reference channel configurations defined by 3GPP that use QPSK and 16QAM modulation In
accordance
table. Here, it is possible to use ei­ther a setting that corresponds to a fixed CQI value (1 to 30) or auto­matically change the setting between the corresponding parameters for a minimum and maximum CQI value in every TTI. You can also configure the ¸CMU200 downlink signal in cordance uplink signal (follow UL CQI mode)
with the CQI mapping
with the received CQI in the
ac-
User-defined configuration. Any of
the following parameters can be ad­justed individually: configuration of the downlink (HS-DSCH) channels in­cluding TTI distance, number of HARQ processes (1 to 8), transport block size, number of HS-DSCHs, modula­tion, redundancy versions (0 to 7), etc.
Non-signaling and signaling mode
Since HSDPA is primarily implemented in layer 1, interaction can already be provided between the UE and the tester in the non-signaling mode. It is e.g. pos­sible in non-signaling already that the downlink signals (HS-DSCH) can be con­figured in accordance with the respons­es in the uplink signal HS-DPCCH (CQI, ACKs, and NACKs) (follow UL CQI mode).
All the described functionalities in the non-signaling mode are also provided in the signaling mode. This includes the above configuration and scheduling pos­sibilities for the HSDPA channels.
This screenshot shows the ACK
report menu, which counts the
ACKs, NACKs, and DTXs for a
specific HARQ process or for all
HARQ processes. The throughput is
calculated from the number of ACKs
and the size of the transport blocks
transmitted.
The HS-DPCCH logging application
of the receiver quality measurement
provides the ACK/NACK messages
and reported CQI values that the
UE returns in a sequence of 120
consecutive HS-DPCCH subframes
(24 WCDMA frames).
This screenshot shows the reporting of the CQI and testing for two cases:
whether more than 90 % of the re-
ported CQIs (except DTX) are in the
interval [median CQI – 2, median
CQI + 2], and whether the HSPDSCH
BLER on the median CQI is less than
or greater than 10 %. If the BLER on
the median CQI is < 10 %, the test is
repeated at (median CQI + 2);
otherwise, it is repeated at
(median CQI – 1). The BLER at
(median CQI + 2) must be >10 %,
and the BLER at (median CQI – 1)
must be <10 %. All this is imple-
mented as a “one button press” op-
eration for both cases, the above
described AWGN case, as well as
the also specified fading case.
¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester 21
22 ¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester
WCDMA evolution – high speed downlink packet access
New required measurements
In Rel. 99, the measurements that are defined in chapter 5 (transmitter char­acteristics) of TS 34.121 are performed using a 12.2 kbit/s reference measure­ment channel (RMC). This RMC de­fines one code channel on the I branch (DPDCH) and one code channel on the Q branch (DPCCH); both are continu­ously transmitted (except compressed mode cases). With Rel. 5, there is an ad­ditional code channel for the uplink, the HS-DPCCH. This code channel is on the Q branch in the case of the 12.2 kbit/s RMC and in the case of a signaling radio bearer (SRB). This code channel is not continuously transmitted, thus result­ing in power changes that are not due to inner-loop power control. Further­more, the HS-DPCCH slot boundaries are not necessarily aligned with the slot boundaries of the DPCH, which means that power transients may occur within the inner-loop power control cycle. The following properties of the HS-DPCCH pose new challenges for UE transmitter design:
The HS-DPCCH channel is switched
on and off as a function of the dy­namic time scheduling in the down­link, i.e. it is switched on or off each time an HSDPA HARQ process is active and scheduled The slot boundaries of the channel
are not synchronized with the time­slot pattern of the other uplink chan­nels, but may be shifted by n × 256 chips relative to these
Transmitter measurements
The characteristics mentioned above place new demands on the RF function­ality of DUTs, which in turn calls for an expansion of 3GPP TS34.121 RF test defi­nitions. For example, an HS-DPCCH that is
The measurement diagram in code domain power measurement shows the DPCCH, the DPDCH, and the HS-DPCCH. The measurement for the HS-DPCCH is divided into ten bars which represent the powers of the ten HS-DPCCH symbols in the DPCH slot. Since the power of the HS-DPCCH changes in line with its content, the timing offset between the HS-DPCCH and the DPCH can be set to e.g. 50 % alignment. Thus, the power change between two slots transmitting different data on the HS-DPCCH can be seen in the center of the DPCH slot. In this example, the first five sym­bols transmit ACKs or NACKs and the next five symbols contain CQIs.
out of tolerance may produce undesired spectral components, which may affect results both in modulation and spectral (ACLR, SEM) measurements. The power setting of the UE in limit ranges and tran­sitional regions, for example at maximum power, must correspond to a defined nominal behavior. The ¸CMU200 can perform measurements (modulation, spectrum, power, etc) using a time-vari­able HS-DPCCH trigger. By means of this trigger, the additional RF component in­troduced by the HS-DPCCH uplink signal can be included or omitted in measure­ments. The ¸CMU200 also supports dedicated HSDPA transmitter measure­ments such as HS-DPCCH time mask, EVM&PhD with HS-DPCCH and CDP ver­sus time. Moreover, nominal beta and del­ta factors can be set on the ¸CMU200 for determining the code power of each uplink code channel (DPCCH, DPDCH, and HS-DPCCH).
Performance measurements
In addition to the transmitter charac­teristics, items defined in chapter 9 of 3GPP TS 34.121 related to perfor­mance tests are also covered in the ¸CMU200.
In the throughput measurement, the ¸CMU200 provides a receiver sen­sitivity measurement by counting the ACKs, NACKs, and DTXs for a specific HARQ process or for all HARQ process­es. The throughput is calculated from the number of ACKs and the size of the transport blocks transmitted.
The ¸CMU200 can be configured in such a manner that its downlink chan­nels (HS-DSCH) correspond to the UE category and to the CQI returned from the UE (follow UL CQI mode). ing on the feedback from the UE (ACKs, NACKs, or DTXs), the ¸CMU200 can send a different redundancy version of the
Depend-
HSDPA highlights of the ¸CMU200
Generation of up to four HS-SCCHs and
up to 15 HS-DSCHs; configuration of downlink HS-DSCHs in three different ways:
3GPP-compliant fixed reference chan-
nels (H sets for QPSK or 16QAM) In accordance with CQI mapping table
(1 to 30) User-defined (providing full flexibility)
– Force NACK function to test the perfor-
mance of the UE by sending corrupted blocks in the downlink CQI interaction, in which the
¸CMU200 generates the downlink signal (HS-DSCH) in accordance with the received uplink CQI (follow UL CQI) Transmitter measurements by means
The HSDPA measurement HS-DPCCH power control has been redefined in the 3GPP TS34.121/5.7A specification to test the UL power variation due to the transmission of HS-DPCCH in combination with inner loop power control. The new measurement in the ¸CMU200 allows the measurement of the resulting power variation on the specified 17 (for ILP algorithm 1) or 14 (for ILP algorithm 2) dedicated points on the 12 ms cycle. In the screenshot, the measurement for ILP algorithm 2 is shown.
data package, repeat the package with the same redundancy version or continue with a new package. During this scenario, several measurements or reports are per­formed in parallel:
Percentage of transmissions that were
transmitted or retransmitted (ACKs and NACKs) or not answered at all (discontinuous transmission, DTX) Values are specified for the initial
transmission as well as for the 1st through 7th redundancy versions Median of the CQI values reported by
the UE Throughput analysis
Furthermore, chapter 9 of 3GPP TS 34.121 defines various tests for checking the re­porting of CQI under AWGN propagation conditions or under fading propagation conditions. These measurements can be performed in the ¸CMU200 as a “one button press” operation by means of the CQI reporting test. In the case of AWGN, the measurement is performed in two stages: In the first stage, the ¸CMU200 checks whether more than 90 % of the
¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester 23
reported CQIs (except DTX) are in the inter­val (median CQI – 2, median CQI + 2) and whether the BLER on HS-PDSCH at medi­an CQI is greater than or less than 10 %. If the BLER on the median CQI is < 10 %, the test is repeated at (median CQI + 2); otherwise, it is repeated at (median CQI – 1). The BLER at (median CQI + 2) must be >10 %, the BLER at (median CQI – 1) must be <10 %. Similarly, the CQI detection performance test under conditions of fading is also implemented as “one button press” operation in the ¸CMU200. The ¸CMU200 also provides an additional HS-DPCCH logging function. This function can be used to track the HS-DPCCH in order to verify the re­sponse to the HARQ process scheduled by the ¸CMU200. The logged HS-DPCCH data may also be compared to logging data from the UE. The log contains the ACK/NACK and CQI data for 120 consecu­tive HS-DPCCH subframes on the MMI and even more on the remote interface. The log starts with subframe 0 of the next system frame or can be triggered to start at a spe­cific system frame number (SNF).
of the power, modulation, code domain power, and spectrum measurements in the presence of HSDPA (dedicated HS-DPCCH trigger) in accordance with chapter 5 of 3GPP TS 34.121 Receiver measurements by counting
ACKs, NACKs, DTXs for a specific HARQ process or all HARQ processes and data throughput CQI reporting test and HS-DPCCH log-
ging tool Configuration capabilities for the power
offset parameters ACK, NACK, and CQI to control the power of the HS-DPCCH DPCH timing offset between the DPCH
and the HS-DPCCH Code domain power versus time mea-
surement Multiple RAB test mode types:
12.2 kbit/s RMC + HSDPA (with closed
loop mode 1 RLC TM and loop mode 2)
3.4 kbit/s SRB RAB + HSDPA
12.2 kbit/s RMC + HSDPA in line with
3GPP TS34.108
12.2 kbit/s (+HSDPA) where the
HSDPA part is paged independently as a PS RAB on top of RMC
DUT
Absolute grant channel (E-AGCH)
Relative grant channel (E-RGCH)
1 to 4 E-DPDCH
E-DPCCH
HARQ indicator channel (E-HICH)
Downlink DPCH
Uplink DPCH
Base station
Data
E-TFCI, RSN, happy bit
AG value
RG value
ACK/NACK
24 ¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester
WCDMA evolution – high-speed uplink packet access
High-speed uplink packet access (HSUPA)
Following the increase of downlink data rates with HSDPA, higher uplink data rates are now in focus with HSUPA or enhanced uplink (EUL). This extension to WCDMA FDD Rel.99 is defined in 3GPP Rel. 6 and increases the uplink data rate from 384 kbps (WCDMA) to 5.76 Mbps. To achieve this, data transfer technolo­gies similar to those in HSDPA are used in the uplink. This includes up to four new physical data channels (E-DPDCHs) and a new physical control channel (E-DPCCH) in the uplink as well as com­plex data transfer principles in layer 1 such as the scheduling of the uplink data rate by means of signaled grant values. HSUPA also allows the dynamic adaptation of the inter-TTI distance, which means that data blocks can be sent every 10 ms or, alternatively, every 2 ms.
Once again, the ¸CMU200 is setting new standards by offering HSUPA as a software option in the non-signaling and signaling modes. All you need to do is install the keycode – no extra hardware is required. As is already the case with HSDPA, the only requirement for the HSUPA software option is ex­isting WCDMA functionality in the ¸CMU200.
Channel structure of the physical channels with HSUPA
gain factors and reference E-TFCIs to the UE, the uplink channels can be influenced.
In addition, all general RF measurements such as power, modulation, spectrum, and code domain power measurements are updated in order to take the new up­link channels E-DPCCH and E-DPDCHs into account. Moreover, specific HSUPA measurements based on the perfor­mance measurement requirements in 3GPP TS 34.121 chapter 10 are imple­mented, and the content of the control channel sent by the UE (E-DPCCH) can be logged in detail. Plus, throughput measurements on the physical layer and on the RLC layer are also possible with the ¸CMU200.
according to predefined patterns. These grant values can be sent to the UE con­tinuously (absolute grant update) or just once. Furthermore, the relative grants can be used to vary the E-TFCI that is used and therefore the UL data rate. Again, various predefined or user-defin­able patterns are supported for the E-RGCH content.
Additionally, the HARQ feedback from the ¸CMU200 to the UE can be set up. The content of the E-HICH can, for exam­ple, be set such that the ¸CMU200 decodes the received package and an­swers CRC errors with NACK to simulate real-world conditions. Alternatively, pre­defined ACK/NACK/DTX patterns can be used for the E-HICH feedback.
Configuring the HSUPA channels
HSUPA functionality
Various configuration alternatives for The HSUPA software option enables the ¸CMU200 to generate all the new downlink channels that are needed for HSUPA such as the E-AGCH for sending absolute grant values to the DUT, the E­RGCH for the relative grant values, and the E-HICH for sending HARQ feedback to the UE. By means of this functionality as well as by signaling different E-DPCCH
the downlink channels are provided
that influence the channel situation on
the uplink and the resulting uplink data
rate. These channels are the absolute
and relative grant channels E-AGCH and
E-RGCH. The ¸CMU200 can set up
different absolute grant patterns of dif-
ferent lengths and with different grant
values which can be user-defined or set
Non-signaling and signaling mode
As in all function groups in the ¸CMU200, HSUPA is implemented in the non-signaling as well as in the signaling domain. The focus in HSUPA non-signaling, which is typically used in production concepts, is to perform stan­dard RF measurements such as modula­tion quality, spectrum, and power, in the
The E-DPCCH logging application
of the receiver quality measure­ment provides the E-TFCI (transport format combination identifier), RSN
(radio sequence number indicating
retransmission or new transmission),
and the happy bit (reveals whether
the UE is happy with the granted
recourse) that the UE returns in a
sequence of 1000 consecutive TTIs.
By evaluating the UE-reported radio
sequence number (RSN) on the UL
E-DPCCH, the E-HICH detection per-
formance is measured. The UE has
to react as specified in cases where
the DL E-HICH contains all ACKs or
all DTXs. In the ¸CMU200, a layer 1 throughput measurement
based on the analysis of the uplink
E-TFCIs that are used is also includ-
ed in this measurement screen.
For the A-GCH detection perfor-
mance measurement, the tester
continuously transmits a defined
sequence of absolute grant values
(AG) in the DL E-AGCH, where the DUT has to follow the AG settings
with the correct UL E-TFCIs on the
UL E-DPCCH. Since the UL E-TFCI
to be used depends on various ad-
ditional parameters besides the AG
value, the ¸CMU200 calculates
the expected E-TFCIs automatically
based on all relevant settings, which
makes this measurement very easy
to use.
¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester 25
26 ¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester
WCDMA evolution – high-speed uplink packet access
presence of HSUPA channels. In signal­ing, more variety is possible and full flex­ibility of the ¸CMU200 can be used to configure the downlink channels and analyze the uplink signal coming from the DUT. This goes beyond the standard RF measurements and also includes HSUPA performance tests as specified in 3GPP TS 34.121 chapter 10.
New required measurements
Rel. 6 of the 3GPP TS34.121 describes different measurements for HSUPA in chapter 5 (transmitter characteristics) and chapter 10 (performance require­ments for HSUPA). All these tests are to be carried out in HSPA test mode con­nection that includes both the HSDPA test mode and the HSUPA test mode. In the ¸CMU200, various test mode RABs are supported.
On the transmitter side, the tests are standard RF tests such as power and spectrum measurements in the pres­ence of the HSUPA channels. For the performance tests, the decoding per­formance of the UE for the different DL channels under conditions of fading is tested. These tests and the required test mode RAB setups are supported by the ¸CMU200 and will be expanded over time. At present, no dedicated receiver measurements are specified for HSUPA.
Furthermore, the test of the physical lay­er throughput is certainly of interest and of importance. Also, when real user data is used for traffic in an end-to-end con­nection between a client and a server (e.g. IP-based applications such as FTP or video streaming), the throughput eval­uation in the uplink and downlink over time is of great interest. All of this is also easily possible on the ¸CMU200.
In the code domain power measurement on the ¸CMU200, the user can easily verify which code channels are present in the uplink signal coming from the DUT. This is a valuable tool especially in R&D on early UE designs. Shown above is a signal that contains WCDMA channels (DPDCH and DPCCH) as well as HSDPA (HS-DPCCH) and HSUPA channels (E-DPCCH and E-DPDCHs).
Transmitter measurements
In HSUPA operation, up to five additional uplink channels are in place; and in test mode connections, the HSDPA uplink channel HS-DPCCH with its special char­acteristics is also present. This fact calls for additional measurements on the trans­mitter of the mobile phone. Specifically, measurements that check the spectral behavior of the UE are of interest. Fur­thermore, the maximum output power of the UE once again needs to be checked against the defined nominal behavior.
The ¸CMU200 can perform the mea­surements for the transmitter character­istics as defined in the 3GPP TS34.121 RF test specification. All other standard transmitter mea­surements on the ¸CMU200, e.g. modulation or code domain power mea­surements, take the additional uplink channels into account as well. The code domain power measurements in particu­lar yield valuable additional information about the new channels such as the ap-
plied uplink power influenced by the gain factors for each code channel.
Performance measurements
In addition to the transmitter charac­teristics, items defined in chapter 10 of 3GPP TS 34.121 related to HSUPA per­formance tests are also covered in the ¸CMU200.
In the E-HICH detection performance measurement, the receive characteristics of the E-DCH HARQ ACK indicator chan­nel (E-HICH) based on the determination of the missed ACK and false ACK prob­ability are evaluated as defined in TS34.121/10.2.1. By evaluating the UE­reported radio sequence number (RSN) on the UL E-DPCCH, the E-HICH detec­tion performance is measured correctly regardless of the DL E-HICH pattern. According to the 3GPP specification, the DL E-HICH has to transmit all ACKs or all DTXs, but the ¸CMU200 can also be set to transmit all NACKs or an alternat­ing pattern as well as a real-world sce­nario “react on UL CRC”.
HSUPA highlights of the ¸CMU200
Generation of E-AGCH, E-RGCH, and
E-HCH channel with full flexibility with regard to grant patterns and feedback pattern E-HICH interaction, where the
¸CMU200 sends the answer in ac­cordance with the received uplink signal (react on UL CRC mode) Transmitter measurements maximum out-
put power, spectrum emission mask, and ACLR in accordance with chapter 5 of 3GPP TS 34.121 Receiver measurements by evaluating
the data throughput based on uplink E-TFCIs used and CRC check on the UL data E-DPCCH logging capability for in-depth
Full data rate HSPA throughput evaluation on the RLC layer in the uplink and downlink over time is easily possible on the ¸CMU200 application testing solution for 3G when real user data is used for traffic in an end-to-end connection between a client and a server (e.g. IP-based applica­tions such as FTP or video streaming).
In the E-HICH performance measure­ment, a layer 1 throughput measure­ment based on the analysis of the uplink E-TFCIs that are used is also included in the ¸CMU200. This measurement al­so performs a CRC check of the received transport blocks to make sure that only correct UL data is taken into account for the throughput.
granted E-TFCIs. Since the UL E-TFCI to be used depends on various additional parameters besides the AG value, the ¸CMU200 calculates the expected E­TFCIs automatically based on all relevant settings, which makes this measurement very convenient to use. Moreover, the measurement can be used as a general UL E-TFCI histogram and any E-AGCH val-
ues can be used. This also makes it possi­In the A-GCH detection performance measurement, the receive characteris­tics of the E-DCH absolute grant channel (E-AGCH) based on the determination of
ble to perform measurements such as the
TS34.121/5.2B maximum output power
with HS-DPCCH and E-DCH, where the UL
E-TFCI that is used is of interest. missed detection probability is evaluated as defined in TS34.121/10.4.1. To do this, the tester has to continuously transmit a defined sequence of absolute grant values (AG) in the DL E-AGCH, where the DUT has to follow the AG settings with the cor­rect UL E-TFCIs on the UL E-DPCCH. The missed detection probability is evaluated based on the received E-TFCIs.
As an additional measurement applica-
tion, the ¸CMU200 makes it possible
to log and decode the content of the UL
E-DPCCH in detail over 1000 TTIs. All
transmitted information such as the UL
E-TFCI (transport format combination
identifier) that is used, indicated RSN
(radio sequence number indicating re-
transmission or new transmission), and In the ¸CMU200, a happy counter makes sure that only TTIs where the UE is unhappy are taken into account in or-
the happy bit (reveals whether the UE
is happy with the granted recourse) are
displayed. der to guarantee that the UE is using the
¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester 27
analysis Performance measurements on E-HICH
and E-AGCH channels to verify UE detec­tion performance Configuration capabilities for the power
offset parameters E-DPCCH and refer­ence E-TFCIs to control the power of the uplink channels Multiple test mode RAB types:
12.2 kbit/s RMC + HSPA (with closed
loop mode 1 RLC TM and loop mode 2)
3.4 kbit/s SRB RAB + HSPA
12.2 kbit/s RMC + HSPA according to
3GPP TS34.108
12.2 kbit/s (+HSPA), where the HSPA
part is paged independently as a PS RAB on top of RMC
28 ¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester
TDMA in the ¸CMU200
TDMA overview
The broad acceptance of TDMA (IS-136) is based on its very flexible and power­ful technology as well as on its compat­ibility with AMPS, which is widespread. Derived from analog AMPS, the TDMA standard is ready for step-by-step evo­lution to the third generation of mobile radio technology. This fact shows the need for a test instrument that is flexible enough to cover all future needs as well as the current standards.
For TDMA (IS-136) signaling functionality, the ¸CMU200 requires the universal signaling unit (¸CMU-B21) as well as the software option ¸CMU-K27 for the cellular band or ¸CMU-K28 for the PCS band.
Due to the highly user-friendly menu concept, the ¸CMU200 provides quick access to all required measure­ments, optimizing handling and thus ef­ficiency.
Signaling mode
The ¸CMU200 simulates a TDMA base-station RF interface including the signaling protocol so that a mobile phone can be tested with regard to dif­ferent signaling parameters. All neces­sary network and base-station parame­ters can be set, such as control and traf­fic channel configuration, neighboring channels setup, etc. A MAHO report can also be generated.
Non-signaling mode
The non-signaling mode is for generat-
ing and analyzing TDMA (IS-136) signals
in the frequency range from 10 MHz to
2.7 GHz. The ¸CMU200 provides
TDMA-specific measurements such as:
Power
Modulation
Spectrum
Power versus time
BER
TDMA (IS-136) development
With its superb versatility, the
¸CMU200 is the most suitable tool
for the development of mobile phones.
Four configurable RF connectors are pro-
vided to enable flexible signal generation
and analysis. The power meter can eval-
uate signals in a range from –80 dBm to
+47 dBm, whereas the generator out-
puts signals from –130 dBm to +13 dBm.
The clearly structured and user-friendly
menu together with the clear-cut screen
layout provide quick access to all fea-
tures and ensure trouble-free monitoring
of the device under test.
Quality assurance
Due to its high measurement repeat­ability and accuracy, the ¸CMU200 is the right choice to ensure a consis­tently high level of quality in production. TDMA-specific measurements such as BER, error vector magnitude (EVM) and EVM10, where only the first 10 symbols are taken into account, provide an excel­lent test platform to ensure the produc­tion of high-quality devices.
Production of mobile phones
The production of mobile phones re­quires time-efficient and cost-effective means that ensure both high throughput and state-of-the-art accuracy. Owing to the unique IEC/IEEE bus concept of the ¸CMU200, these two goals can be easily achieved in production lines. The intelligent handling of the received GPIB commands optimizes the measurement speed for all TDMA-specific measure­ments. In practice, this will mean signi­ficantly shorter test time and enhanced test yield.
Acoustic measurements
The implemented ACELP speech coder is able to encode and decode real audio signals and allows the ¸CMU200 to be used also in real acoustic measure­ment applications. This is equivalent to the CDMA2000® and GSM implementa­tion of the ¸CMU200. The TDMA speech coder provides analog inputs and outputs and a connector for an external handset. It requires the hardware option ¸CMU-B52 and can also be com­bined with the internal Audio Analyzer/ Generator ¸CMU-B41.
The mobile phone reports the re-
ceived signal strength (RSSI) of
the observed channels back to the
¸CMU200 where the RSSI is
displayed in the MAHO report list.
It is possible to configure the neigh-
boring channels in the network
setup. The reported BER can also be
monitored.
The modulation menu allows the
phase error, frequency error and the
error vector magnitude to be mea-
sured. The measurement results are
displayed graphically. Additional
measurements such as amplitude
droop and timing error are taken as
well and displayed numerically in
the same screen.
In the power menu, the mobile
phone output power of the short
burst or the normal burst is dis-
played. The ¸CMU200 also en-
ables leakage power measurements
which indicate the mobile phone
power output in timeslots not used.
¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester 29
30 ¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester
Handoffs
Handoffs are part of the IS-136 specifi­cation. Handoffs between PCS and cel­lular bands as well as from and to AMPS are defined and have to be tested. The ¸CMU200 supports IS-136 handoffs from 800 MHz to 1900 MHz (interband handoff) and vice versa. Handoffs from 1900 MHz or 800 MHz to AMPS and vice versa are also possible (intermode hand­off) with the ¸CMU200.
Switching standards
The flexibility of the ¸CMU200 makes for quick and simple switching between two different standards. This is very important for IS-136, which is a dual-mode standard containing a digital (TDMA) and an analog mode (AMPS). The handoff between TDMA and AMPS can be achieved by simply pressing a button. This results in a very versatile test concept to improve the flexibility and throughput of production lines.
In the modulation overview menu, error vector magnitude (EVM), phase error and magnitude error are measured simultaneously and displayed in a numeric table. The user can choose either EVM, where the entire burst is considered, or EVM10, where only the first ten symbols are taken into account.
Handoffs from cellular band (800 MHz) to PCS band (1900 MHz) can be tested as well as to and from AMPS. Before handoff to a new network, the parameters for the target network can be set. This results in a large variety of different test scenarios.
TDMA highlights of the ¸CMU200
Basic features
Call to or from mobile phone
Handoff to AMPS
Dual-band handoff
Signaling measurements
MAHO report
Power versus time
Short burst
Normal burst
– Modulation
Phase error
Magnitude error
EVM/EVM10
Overview of phase/magnitude and
EVM simultaneously
Spectrum
Adjacent channel power due to switch-
ing or modulation
Overview
Signaling information
Non-signaling measurements
Modulation
Spectrum
Power versus time
BER
¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester 31
32 ¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester
AMPS in the ¸CMU200
AMPS overview
Analog AMPS (advanced mobile phone system) is a standard system for ana­log mobile phone service in the United States and is also used in other coun­tries. It is based on the frequency spec­trum allocation for cellular service estab­lished by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in 1970. Introduced by AT&T in 1983, AMPS became the most widely deployed cellular system in the United States.
AMPS options
Although AMPS is a first generation ana­log standard, a substantial demand for mobile radio testers covering this stan­dard will continue to exist in the future. Especially in the United States, dual­mode CDMA2000®/AMPS and TDMA/ AMPS phones are very common.
By combining the digital standards with analog AMPS, the network operators offer their customers the advantages of the digital standards and ensure nearly 100 % coverage in North America. As a consequence, Rohde & Schwarz is offer­ing analog AMPS in addition to the digi­tal standards TDMA and CDMA2000®. These options add analog AMPS func­tionality to the ¸CMU200 base unit:
AMPS measurements and
features
As for other standards, there are two
categories of AMPS measurements:
Transmitter tests
for verifying the transmit part of a mobile phone Receiver tests
for verifying the receive part of a mobile phone
AF level search routine
The AF level search routine in the TX test
menu allows the user to set the desired
frequency deviation of the mobile phone
transmitter at a keystroke, the level of
the ¸CMU200 modulation generator
being automatically corrected.
Sensitivity search routine
The sensitivity search routine in the RX
test menu automatically searches for the
receiver input level at which a selectable
SINAD of the demodulated signal can
still be attained.
The following lists provide an overview
of the most important tests implemented
in the ¸CMU-K29 option.
Transmitter measurements
Carrier power
Carrier frequency error
SAT frequency error/peak deviation
ST frequency error/peak deviation
Modulation noise and distortion
Hum and noise
Electrical AF response
Modulation distortion
Residual AM
Receiver measurements
Sensitivity
Hum and noise
SINAD
Distortion
AF voltage
Electrical AF response
Residual AM
Audio deviation
¸CMU-B21 (universal signaling
unit) ¸CMU-B41 (audio generator/
analyzer) ¸CMU-K29 (AMPS test software)
The hardware options ¸CMU-B21 and ¸CMU-B41 are suitable for other standards as well.
TX AF response measurement: the pre-emphasis characteristic of the mobile phone transmitter is verified by a single-shot measurement.
Using the TX and RX AF response menus ments are of course preconfigured in line with specifications, but their settings can be modified for individual measurements. The RX and TX electrical AF response measurements in AMPS are usually de­fined as frequency sweep versus AF
of the ¸CMU200, the AF response
is measured simultaneously at 20 test
points with user-programmable level
and frequency and then checked against
specified tolerances (see screenshot
above). range. The ¸CMU200 offers a much faster and more modern alternative.
AMPS highlights of the ¸CMU200
Benefits of base unit
Platform supporting CDMA2000®, TDMA
and AMPS in one box Wide frequency range allowing dual-
mode/dual-band testing required for CDMA2000® and TDMA See base unit section
AMPS features
Powerful signaling capabilities
Base station simulation
Mobile or base station originated call
connect/disconnect Short measurement time ensuring high
throughput Combined measurements
Benchmark-breaking IEC/IEEE bus speed
Simple interactive operation, standard-
ized MMI No specialized network knowledge re-
quired Various handoffs from CDMA2000®/
All the filters required for the measure-
TDMA and to TDMA supported
¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester 33
MA2000 1x
34 ¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester
CDMA2000® 1xRTT in the ¸CMU200
CDMA2000 1xRTT overview
CDMA2000 1xRTT is member of the CDMA2000 family of standards. CDMA2000 1xRTT (CDMA2000 1x) was recognized by the International Tele­communications Union (ITU) as an IMT­2000 standard in November 1999, and with the start of commercialization in October 2000 it was the first IMT-2000 technology deployed worldwide.
CDMA2000 1x benefited from the exten­sive experience acquired through several years of operation of cdmaOne systems. CDMA2000 1x handsets are backwards compatible with cdmaOne systems.
The designation “1xRTT” (1x Radio Transmission Technology) is used to identify the version of CDMA2000 radio technology that operates in a single 1.25 MHz radio channel (compared to three
1.25 MHz channels in 3xRTT). 1xRTT al­most doubles voice capacity over IS-95 networks. Although capable of higher data rates, most deployments have lim­ited the peak data rate to 153 kbit/s.
CDMA2000 1x networks are not only widely used in North and South America as well as in Asia, but CDMA2000 1x is also becoming increasingly important in Northern and Eastern Europe in the 450 MHz band. More than 250 operators worldwide have selected CDMA2000, and there are over 380 million subscrib­ers using CDMA2000 (1xRTT and 1xEV­DO).
CDMA2000 1x operates worldwide in different frequency bands. Presently, the standard defines 17 different band classes, all of which are covered by the ¸CMU200. Additional band classes can be integrated easily as the market evolves.
CDMA2000 1x functionality
Implementation of the CDMA2000 1x standard in the ¸CMU200 is currently based on TIA/EIA-2000 Rev. 0; the tests provided by the ¸CMU200 are cur­rently based on TIA/EIA-IS-98-F. Regular adaptations to new releases will be made available as the market requires. The mea­surement concept in the ¸CMU200 is based on ProbeDSP™ technology, which permits high-speed measurements. The emphasis is on fast measurements and clear and concise representation.
Like all mobile radio networks supported by the ¸CMU200, there is a distinc­tion between signaling and non-signaling mode. All major network, base station, and link parameters are clearly organized and configurable. The implementation of CDMA2000 1x in the ¸CMU200 takes into account all important features of the standard.
For instance, the ¸CMU200 supports the quick paging channel (QPCH) which is used to extend battery lifetime. In addition to the normal configuration, it is possible to define in the test setup whether or not the QPCH addresses the DUT. This ensures that the mobile phone observes the QPCH instead of the normal pilot channel. Above all the configuration change indicator (CCI) bits can be set to enable or disable.
CDMA2000 1x forward power control en­ables the mobile station to control the output power of the base station in the dedicated channels. Measurements in the ¸CMU200 allow a comprehensive function check of this CDMA2000 1x fea­ture. The ¸CMU200 supports also new features of the standard such as MEID em­ulation or the call configuration and setup in service option 68, i.e. a voice call based on the EVRC-B speech codec.
Signaling mode
In signaling mode, all major param­eters of a mobile phone can be checked with a connection established. The ¸CMU200 simulates a CDMA base station, allowing the mobile phone to be tested as in a real network. The signal­ing mode is not only needed in produc­tion (e.g. final test) but also in service and development.
The ¸CMU200 provides a large set of different connection types (service options), making the tester ideal for both R&D and production purposes.
The following service options are currently supported:
Test loop service options: SO 2, SO 9,
SO 55 Speech service options: SO 1, SO 3,
SO 17, SO 68, SO 0x8000 Test data service option: SO 32
IP end-to-end data connection: SO 33
Short message service (SMS): SO 6,
SO 14
The range of functions is as follows:
Power measurements
Minimum/maximum output power
High-speed narrowband power
Gated output power
Open-loop time response
Access probe power
Standby power
Range tests by using user-
configurable power control bit patterns
Modulation (both RC1/2 and RC3/4)
Error vector magnitude (EVM),
magnitude error, phase error, waveform quality, carrier feed­through, frequency error
I/Q analyzer
Eye diagram, constellation/vector
diagram
Cable connections
Home
network
Web server,
mail server, etc
R&S®CMU200
(base station)
Mobile node
(mobile station)
Foreign
network
Foreign agent
Home agent
Virtual
access point
of mobile node
Data from/to mobile station
Internet
IP tunnel
(¸CMU-B87 option) captures, interprets, and
displays the CDMA2000 1x forward and reverse link messages between an ¸CMU200 and a
mobile station. For SO 33 calls, it also displays
the PPP forward and reverse link messages
(LCP, IPCP, PAP, CHAP protocols) differentiated
The Message Monitor
in terms of colors.
Typical test setup for mobile IP link with mobile
station and reference to home agent and foreign
agent.
¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester 35
CD
MA2000 1x
36 ¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester
CDMA2000® 1xRTT in the ¸CMU200
Code domain power
Code domain power
Code domain error power
Channel power
Reverse pilot channel to code
channel time/phase tolerance
Spectrum
Adjacent channel power (ACP)
measurements at four different user-definable frequencies in a ±2 MHz range
Receiver quality measurements
Frame error ratio (FER) on FCH,
SCH0 Dynamic range, sensitivity, and
other user-selectable test environ­ments Forward power control measure-
ment
Handoffs
Implicit handoffs (RF channel,
Walsh code, PN offset, frame offset) Inter-band handoff
Handoff to AMPS
Non-signaling mode
The module test – without complete call setup – allows process verification and calibration of the DUT’s receiver and trans­mitter. For this purpose, measurements in non-signaling mode are performed.
In the non-signaling mode the ¸CMU200 provides CDMA-specific measurements and incorporates a signal generator that delivers CDMA-specific signals with pilot, sync, paging, and traf­fic channels. All major parameters can be configured, e.g. the relative levels of the individual code channels or the pow­er control bits. In addition, the long code mask can be controlled and the sync channel content adjusted. The transmit­ter and receiver of the ¸CMU200 can be set independently of each other
and of the frequency bands, which al-
lows analysis of intermediate frequen-
cies, for example.
The range of functions is as follows:
Power measurements
High-speed narrowband power
– Modulation (both RC1/2 and RC3/4)
Error vector magnitude (EVM),
magnitude error, phase error, waveform quality, carrier feed­through, frequency error
I/Q analyzer
Eye diagram, constellation/vector
diagram
Code domain power
Code domain power
Code domain error power
Channel power
Reverse pilot channel to code
channel time/phase tolerance
Spectrum
Adjacent channel power (ACP)
measurements at four different user-definable frequencies in a ±2 MHz range
Power versus frame
¸Smart Alignment
CDMA2000 1x development
The well-structured, user-friendly menu
design and the clear-cut screen layout
provide quick access to all features and
ensure trouble-free monitoring of the
device under test (DUT).
Using the ¸AMU200A baseband
fading simulator and the ¸CMU200
with optional I/Q IF interface, fading
conditions may be simulated and the re-
sults evaluated with the ¸CMU200.
In contrast to RF fading, a baseband fad-
ing system makes it possible to maintain
the high accuracy of the CDMA2000 1x
signal in the forward link provided by the
¸CMU200. Furthermore, baseband-
faded testing usually comes at a much lower cost than an RF fading solution.
In addition to testing various RF para­meters, the ¸CMU200 allows the verification of the acoustic quality of a CDMA2000 1x phone. The decisive factor for the acoustic quality of a mobile phone is the audio signal. For quality verifica­tion purposes, a speech coder is required in the radiocommunication tester. The analog signals from the mobile phone’s microphone are converted into digital sig­nals, which are transmitted after channel coding. A speech decoder is then needed to convert this digital data received by the radiocommunication tester into audio signals. The ¸CMU200 also supports, simultaneously, the conversion of audio signals input via the front panel (or inter­nal audio generators) into the compressed digital data that are required to test the speaker in the mobile station.
The ¸CMU200 currently supports the 8k speech coder (TIA/EIA-96-B), the 8k enhanced speech coder (TIA/EIA-127, enhanced variable rate codec EVRC), i.e. service options 1 and 3, as well as the 13k speech coder (TIA/EIA-733), i.e. ser­vice option 17, and the EVRC-B speech coder service option 68. In combination with an external audio analyzer such as the ¸UPV, high-precision acoustic measurements on CDMA2000 1x mobile phones can be performed, e.g. in line with the TIA/EIA-1042 standard.
For analysis of the signaling messages be­tween the mobile and the ¸CMU200, an optional message monitor is avail­able. This is an extremely helpful tool for analyzing and verifying the correct imple­mentation of the protocol stack. For SO 33 connections, it also displays the PPP forward and reverse link messages (LCP, IPCP, PAP, CHAP protocols).
Code domain power is a highly important mea-
surement for mobile phones in CDMA2000 1x.
Since several code channels are transmitted
simultaneously in the reverse link, it must be
checked whether the power distribution of the
different channels complies with the test speci-
fication (TIA/EIA-IS-98-F).
The channel power measurement displays the
energy transmitted by the physical channels in
the reverse link, separated into I and Q signals.
Within a TDSO (SO 32) connection, the frame
error ratio (FER) on the fundamental channel
(FCH) as well as on the supplemental channel
SCH0 can be evaluated.
¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester 37
CD
MA2000 1x
38 ¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester
CDMA2000® 1xRTT in the ¸CMU200
In 3G networks, data links based on the Internet protocol (IP) play a more and more significant role. This calls for new test procedures designed to verify the functionality of IP-based links.
Numerous test scenarios are conceivable, including data rate measurements under ideal RF conditions, as well as with fading or during handoff, and various applica­tion tests (e.g. access to mail servers, web meetings, etc). In the past, such tests required access to a real network. Now, these tests can be performed without a network by using the ¸CMU200, which offers a wide range of configura­tion options for data connections (based on service option 33).
The ¸CMU200 allows different test setups to be implemented for different application scenarios. In the simplest case, the ¸CMU200 can be operated in standalone mode (including mobile IP) to perform data rate measurements on the mobile phone under test. For this purpose, the tester incorporates an inter­nal FTP server that allows test files to be exchanged.
By using a more complex test setup in­cluding an external home agent and for­eign agent, mobile IP links to points such as a web server or a mail server can be set up, enabling to test complex applica­tions.
Using a setup of two ¸CMU200, it is possible to verify hybrid mode sce­narios of a mobile phone in a combined CDMA2000 1x and 1xEV-DO environ­ment.
Production of mobile phones
The production of mobile phones re-
quires time-efficient and cost-effective
measures that simultaneously ensure
both high throughput and high yield.
Owing to market-leading accuracy and
to the unique IEC/IEEE bus concept of
the ¸CMU200, these two goals can
be easily achieved in production envi-
ronments. The ¸CMU200 provides
optimized high-speed measurements for
the calibration of the transmitter and the
receiver of a mobile phone.
Power versus frame
is a realtime measurement that was primarily designed for fast and ac­curate evaluation of defined power steps of a transmitter over a wide dynamic range. ¸Smart Alignment
(¸CMU-K47 option) has been designed for fast mobile transmitter and receiver adjustments (TX and RX calibrations) over a wide range of RF channels and power levels. To en­able parallel mobile transmitter and receiver tests, the ¸CMU200 can simultaneously change its generator and analyzer settings after equal time periods.
Repair applications (manufac-
turing and service centers)
With its outstanding versatility, the
¸CMU200 is also a suitable tool
for mobile phone troubleshooting. Four
configurable RF ports and a built-in RF
connector switch matrix (standard unit)
are provided to enable flexible signal lev-
el ranges and switching.
Switching standards
Fast switching between CDMA2000 1xRTT and 1xEV-DO or any of the other nu­merous standards supported by the ¸CMU200 is a standard feature of the instrument and can be achieved by simply pressing a button.
Versatile production test layouts are pos­sible, and true multimode test bays that utilize the flexibility and throughput of the ¸CMU200 are no longer a con­cept of the future.
¸CMU200 CDMA2000 1x options
The following options are available for CDMA2000 1x:
¸CMU-B83: CDMA2000 1x
signaling unit ¸CMU-K83: CDMA2000 1x
software for the 450 MHz bands ¸CMU-K84: CDMA2000 1x
software for cellular bands ¸CMU-K85: CDMA2000 1x
software for PCS bands ¸CMU-K86: CDMA2000 1x
software for IMT-2000 bands ¸CMU-K87: CDMA2000 1x packet
data application testing software ¸CMU-K47: ¸Smart Align-
ment ¸CMU-B85: 8k QCELP, 8k EVRC,
13k QCELP, EVRC-B speech coder ¸CMU-B87: interface for
CDMA2000 1x data testing incl. layer 3 message monitor software ¸CMU-U80: low jitter trig-
ger output connector (for A-GPS applications)
Modulation measurements allow users to check the MS transmitter. Parameters such as EVM, phase error, and frequency error are displayed graphically.
The universal hardware and software concept of the ¸CMU200 repre­sents the optimum solution for the development and challenges of the CDMA2000 1x standard over the next few years.
CDMA2000 1xRTT highlights of the ¸CMU200
Support of currently 17 different band
classes CDMA2000 1x speech coder for
high-precision acoustic measurements Multiple connection types to cover most
important test requirements in R & D, pro­duction, and high-level service labs Extremely fast measurements
Extensive non-signaling for high-speed
innovative production test needs Parallel RX/TX measurements ensuring
high throughput in production environ­ments Comprehensive signaling mode
functionalities Graphical representation of measurement
results best suited for R & D labs Various handoffs supported, e.g. hand-
off to AMPS, inter-band handoff, be­tween service options and between CDMA2000 1x and IS-95 connection types during an established call Readout and display of many mobile-
phone-specific parameters (ESN, slotted timer, station class mark, slot cycle index, user zone identifier, etc) MEID emulation support
Quick paging channel and CCI bits can be
individually set and enabled or disabled Support of forward closed-loop power
control tests as specified in IS-98-F sec­tions 3.4.7, 3.4.8, 3.4.9 CDMA2000 1x/1xEV-DO hybrid mode
scenarios with two ¸CMU200 Measurements under fading conditions
supported (baseband fading; requires the ¸CMU-B17 option plus a fading gen­erator such as the ¸AMU200A) Single-box mobile IP emulation
IP mobility support
Fast switching between wireless appli-
cations as a basic functionality without shutdown and reboot
CDMA 2000 ® is a registered trademark of the Telecommuni ­cati ons Industry As sociatio n (TIA – USA).
¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester 39
40 ¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester
CDMA2000® 1xEV-DO in the ¸CMU200
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO (TIA/EIA-856-A), of­ficially recognized by the ITU as an IMT-2000 3G standard, is the latest step in CDMA2000 evolution.
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO has been devel­oped in order to make full use of the advantages of an all-IP network; the air interface has been optimized for data transmission.
The 1xEV-DO access terminals being sold are nearly all multimode devices, sup­porting both the existing CDMA2000
1xRTT standard and the new technology.
Unlike CDMA2000 1xRTT, 1xEV-DO uses a time division multiple access method. The spectral characteristics have not changed with respect to CDMA2000
1xRTT, which enables in-band migration.
The protocol stack, however, is com­pletely different from that of CDMA2000
1xRTT.
This makes the upgrade path very at­tractive for network operators, since the measures necessary to modify the radio access network (RAN) are more or less reduced to exchanging a channel card. Network operators, therefore, are installing hybrid mobile radio networks that support both CDMA2000 1xRTT and CDMA2000 1xEV-DO, which allows them to optimize the capacity for voice con­nections while at the same time offering modern, profitable data services.
The structure of the 1xEV-DO protocol stack is mapped onto an advanced menu structure for use
by R&D and production engineers.
Improvements to reverse link (re-
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Revision A (TIA-856-
A) is the first stage in a series of planned
upgrades of the 1xEV-DO standard.
1xEV-DO Rev. A introduces enhance-
ments to support quality of service
(QoS). These enhancements support la-
tency-sensitive and bandwidth-intensive
applications such as enhanced push-to-
talk, multiplayer gaming, laptop-based
video conferencing, voice over internet
protocol (VoIP) and instant multimedia
messaging (IMM). These enhancements
along with the increased data rates al-
low operators to provide integrated
voice, data and video services.
garding peak data rate and sector throughput) Improved QoS mechanisms
Expanded broadcast/multicast
applications
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO function­ality
The tests provided by the ¸CMU200 are based on the TIA-866-A minimum performance requirements specification for access terminals (AT).
The initial Release 0 standard provides data rates up to 2.4 Mbit/s in the for­ward link and up to 153.7 kbit/s in the reverse link. Revision A of the stan­dard, now being deployed in numerous networks around the world, provides a maximum data rate of 3.1 Mbit/s in the forward link and 1.8 Mbit/s in the re­verse link.
The faster data rates, particularly on the
reverse link, will benefit users who need
to send large files such as photos or vid-
eo over their wireless connection.
The main differences between 1xEV-DO
Release 0 and Revision A are the fol-
lowing:
The ¸CMU200 simulates a CDMA2000 1xEV-DO base station RF in­terface, providing the signaling flexibility necessary to test the performance of a mobile phone under the influence of dif­ferent signaling parameters. These pa­rameters are normally configured by the network operator but can also be set by the ¸CMU200 for test purposes.
The Statistic Overview display of the Receiver Quality application, showing the DUT’s received packet errors during a RETAP connection. The achieved throughput (net rate) is calculated and displayed as Forward Link Performance.
Due to its user-friendly menu concept, the ¸CMU200 provides quick access to all required measurements and opti­mizes the handling and thus the efficien­cy of complex measurement tests with appropriate status messages and built-in statistic functions.
The 1xEV-DO option provides extensive testing capabilities both in test mode and in a real-world emulation. Specifi­cally, the ¸CMU200 supports FTAP/ FETAP as well as RTAP/RETAP and also provides end-to-end data testing func-
The 1xEV-DO option supports the full
range of data rates and packet sizes avail-
able with CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev.A, i.e.
forward link rates up to 3.1 Mbit/s, re-
verse link rates up to 1.8 Mbit/s. FETAP/
RETAP testing as well as data testing is
supported at all rates.
In addition to FTAP/FETAP and RTAP/
RETAP, the ¸CMU200 provides true
dynamic network performance using de-
fault packet application support for real-
world throughput analysis and network
emulation. tionality in a single-box solution. The support of the default packet application (DPA) allows the ¸CMU200 to be operated as a host for an IP connection. If the ¸CMU-B87 option is installed, the end-to-end data capabilities are
In conjunction with a baseband fading
simulator from Rohde & Schwarz, more
accurate and cost-effective solutions
can be implemented than by using an
RF fader. greatly enhanced by allowing a connec­tion to an external network and its serv­ers. Mobile IP support and IP throughput statistics are provided by the ¸CMU­K87 option.
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO signaling measurements
Designed for use with the ¸CMU200 platform, it ensures accuracy, efficient test, times and repeatability in 1xEV-DO test.
Using forward (enhanced) test application protocol (FETAP/FTAP) and reverse (en­hanced) test application protocol (RETAP/ RTAP) applications and the ¸CMU200, the quality of the receiver and the transmit­ter of a DUT can be tested as defined by the TIA-866-A minimum performance require­ments standard.
With an FETAP connection, the quality of a DUT receiver is determined up to a maxi­mum data rate of 3.1 Mbit/s. In this mea­surement, the DUT returns, via the reverse link, statistics and counts of received pack­ets and erroneous packets that provide in­formation about the connection quality. The
1xEV-DO option of the ¸CMU200 evalu-
ates the information received in various ways, e.g. by carrying out packet error and performance measurements to determine the actual throughput as a function of the packet size.
With an RETAP connection, the ¸CMU200 determines the quality of the DUT’s transmitter and modulator. This can be done for data rates ranging from 9.6 kbit/s up to max. 1.8 Mbit/s.
The DUT can thus be tested not only at a fixed
data rate but also over a range of data rates.
Switching standards
Off-the-shelf fast switching between CDMA2000 1xEV-DO, CDMA2000 1xRTT, HSPA, and any of the other standards sup­ported by the ¸CMU200 – even first­generation cellular technology AMPS – is part of the standard instrument capabilities and may be achieved by simply pressing a button.
¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester 41
42 ¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester
CDMA2000® 1xEV-DO in the ¸CMU200
Versatile production test layouts are pos­sible, and true multimode test bays that utilize the flexibility and throughput of the ¸CMU200 are no longer a con­cept of the future.
The range of functions is as follows:
Transmitter measurements
Narrowband power
Modulation
Error vector magnitude (EVM),
magnitude error, phase error, waveform quality, carrier feed­through, frequency error
I/Q analyzer
Eye diagram, constellation/vector
diagram
Code domain power
Code domain power
Code domain error power
Channel power
– Adjacent channel power (ACP) mea-
surements at four different user-de­finable frequencies in a ±2 MHz range
Receiver measurements based on test connections (FTAP/FETAP, RTAP/ RETAP)
Receiver quality
AT statistics
Statistical overview at a glance
Control channel PER in connected
mode
Forward/reverse link quality
Forward/reverse link performance
The spectrum measurement provides comprehensive adjacent channel power (ACP) measure-
ments at four different user-definable frequencies in a ±2 MHz range.
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO non-sig-
naling test concept
Recent production measurement trends
have been moving away from “call es-
tablished“ based or “signaling“ based
testing toward a “module“ or “non-sig-
naling“ strategy. The main advantage
of this approach is reduced test time in
comparison to full signaling tests. It is
possible to implement vendor-specific
tests/procedures and easier to add new
test scenarios as the device under test
(DUT) matures. In addition, lack of sym-
metry between forward and reverse data
rates in CDMA2000 1xEV-DO makes tra-
ditional loopback testing less effective.
With its optional 1xEV-DO capability,
the ¸CMU200 offers a very flexible,
all-in-one solution including a 1xEV-DO
generator for receiver testing as well as
an extensive list of transmitter measure-
ments for testing CDMA2000 1xEV-DO
access terminals. The test concept is
based on direct control of the DUT with-
out complete signaling by the same com­puter that controls the ¸CMU200. The DUT’s non-signaling mode is imple­mented via the serial diagnostic moni­tor interface which is already present in most 1xEV-DO terminal designs. The non-signaling mode minimizes test con­figuration and transition time between tests. Enhanced measurement times and optimized test sequences are a special benefit especially in production environ­ments, yielding higher throughput.
The option ¸CMU-K47 (¸Smart Alignment) allows the DUT’s transmit­ter and receiver to be calibrated at once over the entire frequency and level range.
RRI
Pilot
Data
RRI
ACK
Pilot
Data
RRI
Pilot
RRI
ACK
Pilot
RRI
Pilot
Data
RRI
Pilot
Data
RRI
ACK
Pilot
RRI
Pilot
ACK = OFF DRC = OFF
DATA = OFF
ACK = OFF DRC = ON
DATA = ON
ACK = OFF DRC = OFF
DATA = ON
ACK = ON DRC = ON
DATA = ON
ACK = ON DRC = ON
DATA = OFF
ACK
ACK = ON
DRC = OFF
DATA = ON
ACK = ON
DRC = OFF
DATA = OFF
ACK = OFF
DRC = ON
DATA = OFF
DRC DRCDRC DRC
One slot
Notes:
Measurement window
DRCLength = 2 DRCGating = ON
RF
Forward link and reverse link (for transmitter measurements)
R&S®CMU200 with 1xEV-DO generator
DUT
Reverse link (PER statistics)
Interface for DUT control
IEC/IEEE bus
Test setup: A test system us­ing a non-signaling test mode is virtually identical to most proto-
col-based production test setups.
It consists of a test controller, a
radiocommunications tester with
1xEV-DO option, and the actual de-
vice under test. The primary differ-
ence is that the device under test
operates in the non-signaling mode
while the test sequence is being
performed.
Channel filters: Three different
channel filters allow the reverse
link signal to be analyzed in eight
different signaling states. Users
may select whether or not to mea-
sure the signal at the time when
ACK, DATA, or DRC channel is
transmitted (ON or OFF). All modu-
lation measurements as well as the
code domain power measurement
support the channel filters.
¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester 43
44 ¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester
CDMA2000® 1xEV-DO in the ¸CMU200
The CDMA2000 1xEV-DO generator of­fers a high degree of flexibility. This permits considerable flexibility in the configuration of tests for the DUT. Both
1xEV-DO options for the ¸CMU200
support a wide variety of test configura­tions, and can configure the following
MACIndex
Data rate
Data pattern
DRCLock mode
Reverse power control mode
Power level
PN offset
AWGN and frequency offsets
The CDMA2000 1xEV-DO generator (¸CMU-B88 option) affords an even higher level of configurability. It is pos­sible to generate traffic for up to 4 DUTs, to change the scheduling system, and control the number of other users in the MAC burst. The ¸CMU-B88 option of course supports 1xEV-DO Revision 0 and A signal generation. This option also provides more extensive triggering ca­pabilities.
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO non-sig­naling measurements
The ¸CMU200 provides a complete set of extremely fast transmitter mea­surements. Most of the measurements are presented in graphical form which makes the test solution ideal for R&D. A number of measurements can be con­figured to look at only certain combina­tions of reverse link code channels. This allows in-depth analysis of transmitter performance in various mobile operat­ing modes.
Code domain power measurement (Rel. 0): The code domain power (CDP) includes the time-switch­ing component between RRI and pilot channel. The ”blue” bar displays the CDP for the time the RRI channel is up. The ”purple” bar shows the CDP value for the time the pilot channel is up.
The list below shows the
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO measurements:
Power measurements
General power measurement
(e.g. for fast power phasing)
Code domain power
Code domain power
Code domain error power
Channel power
Modulation measurements
Error vector magnitude (EVM)
Magnitude error
Phase error
I/Q analyzer
Eye diagram, constellation/vector
diagram
Spectrum measurements
Adjacent channel power (ACP) mea-
surements at four different user­ definable frequencies in a ±2 MHz range
Receiver measurements
Via DUT control interface in test
Code domain power measurement (Rev. A):
The application shows the currently used
code space during an RETAP connection with
DRC index 10.
Code domain power measurement (Rev. A): The channel power application displays the
code channels used with their relative energy,
and also shows the Walsh cover used for the
data channel, in this screenshot Q4Q2.
I/Q analyzer: The constellation diagram dis-
plays the I/Q position of the sample points in a
Y/X grid. This allows signal quality and modu-
lation complexity to be graphically observed
at a glance. This picture was taken during an
RETAP connection with DRC index 10.
¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester 45
46 ¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester
CDMA2000® 1xEV-DO in the ¸CMU200
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO options
The 1xEV-DO option of the ¸CMU200 is based on the ¸CMU-B83 CDMA2000 1x signaling unit. Due to the flexible ¸CMU200 platform concept, measurement capabilities for various ap­plications can be configured for both sig­naling and non-signaling.
The ¸CMU-B89 1xEV-DO signaling module provides the necessary hard­ware for CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Revision A, CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Release 0, as well as non-signaling-based testing.
To enhance the ¸CMU200 with
1xEV-DO signaling functionality, the
following options are available:
¸CMU-B83 model 22:
CDMA2000 1x signaling unit ¸CMU-B89: CDMA2000 1xEV-DO
signaling module ¸CMU-K839: CDMA2000 1xEV-
DO software for the 450 MHz bands ¸CMU-K849: CDMA2000 1xEV-
DO software for cellular bands ¸CMU-K859: CDMA2000 1xEV-
DO software for PCS bands ¸CMU-K869: CDMA2000 1xEV-
DO software for IMT-2000 bands ¸CMU-K47: ¸Smart Align-
ment ¸CMU-B87: interface for
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO data application testing ¸CMU-K87: CDMA2000 1xEV-DO
data application testing software ¸CMU-U80: low jitter trigger
output connector (for A-GPS applica­tions) ¸CMU-Z89: hybrid mode test kit
I/Q analyzer: The eye diagram shows the decision path for the demodulation of the signal. This application makes it possible to view the I or Q parts alone, or both at once.
The 1xEV-DO signaling functionality is al-
so available with the ¸CMU200V10, the signaling tester for the service mar­ket.
To enhance the ¸CMU200 with 1xEV-DO non-signaling functionality
without signaling capability, the follow­ing options are available:
R&S CMU-B83 model 12:
CDMA2000 1x signaling unit R&S CMU-B88:
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO generator ¸CMU-K47:
¸Smart Alignment R&S CMU-K88:
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO test software ¸CMU-U80: low jitter trigger out-
put connector (for A-GPS applications)
The 1xEV-DO non signaling func­tionality is also available with the ¸CMU200V30, the non-signaling tester for board alignment and high­ volume manufacturing.
CDMA 2000® is a regi stered tr ademark of th e Telecommuni­cati ons Industry As sociatio n (TIA – USA).
The receiver quality measurement display shows the key results regarding the mobile´s receiver performance.
This 1xEV-DO test solution is based on the ¸CMU200 high-performance radio communication tester; it provides the additional benefits of extremely fast measure­ment speed, ease of programming, accuracy, reliability, and worldwide service and support. These features help shorten the test development time, increase through­put, and minimize support costs. The first class support is not limited to production demands, but makes the ¸CMU200 also ideal for use in R&D environments.
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO highlights of the
¸CMU200
Signaling and non-signaling
Support of currently 17 different band classes
Graphical representation of measurement results
best suited for R & D labs Innovative measurements of code domain power,
code domain peak error power, channel power Channel filters allow the reverse link signal to be
evaluated in eight different states Spectrum measurements at four discrete fre-
quency offsets (user-configurable) Measurements under fading conditions
(baseband fading)
Signaling
Comprehensive signaling mode functionalities
Support of FTAP/FETAP and RTAP/RETAP test
application protocol call processing
Control channel PER
Forward/reverse link PER
Reverse link quality
Forward/reverse link performance
Readout and display of many mobile-phone-spe-
cific parameters (ESN, MEID, slot cycle index, etc) Single-box mobile IP emulation
IP mobility support
Provides enhanced data throughput analysis
with peak data rates up to 3.1 Mbit/s
Data channel connectivity tests high-speed
packet data connection to a real IP network IP throughput monitor allows analysis of data
throughput using controlled data impairments
Combines CDMA2000 1xRTT with CDMA2000
1xEV-DO test applications in one box for dual-mode
CDMA2000 1xRTT/1xEV-DO testing Hybrid mode testing possible using multiple
¸CMU200 instruments RF channel and band class handoffs
Non-signaling
Simultaneous testing of up to four access termi-
nals in non-signaling mode Reduced test times in comparison to full signal-
ing tests Extensive non-signaling for high-speed innova-
tive production test needs
Power versus frame
¸Smart Alignment
– Extremely flexible 1xEV-DO Revision 0 and A gen-
erator allows vendor-specific tests and new test scenarios, also for R&D
¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester 47
48 ¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester
Bluetooth® measurements in the ¸CMU200
General
The ¸CMU200 was the first Bluetooth® test set on the market. It is the only radiocommunications tester worldwide to offer Bluetooth® as well as all important mobile radio standards in a single instrument.
Applications
The ¸CMU200 with the Bluetooth® option is the ideal instrument for the pro­duction, development and maintenance of any kind of device with an integrated Bluetooth® interface.
Due to its modular platform concept, the ¸CMU200 is the ideal solution for all cellular-standard mobile-phone produc­tion lines.
Parallel operation for high mea-
surement speed
Due to the high measurement speed and large memory capacity of the ¸CMU200, transmitter and receiver measurements can be carried out simul­taneously. When measurements are per­formed in frequency hopping mode, a sig­nificant test depth is rapidly attained. Only a few seconds are required between call setup, transmitter and receiver measure­ments and call detach. Fast test cycles ensure a fast return on investment.
Many convenient measurement functions
The ¸CMU200 offers a large num­ber of statistical monitoring and mea­surement functions. It is possible, for instance, to define individual tolerances for each measured value and to stop a
measurement sequence after a certain number of measurements or when a tol­erance has been exceeded. Besides the common traces for power and modula­tion versus time, averaged minimum or maximum traces can also be displayed over a user-defined number of packets.
Signaling
Setting up a Bluetooth® connection
The ¸CMU200 acts as the master of
a Bluetooth® piconet, the DUT as a slave.
The ¸CMU200 is able to perform the
inquiry procedure for the identification of all Bluetooth® devices within range of the ¸CMU200. All devices found are listed on the display and one of them can be selected for the paging procedure.
The ¸CMU200 then establishes the
connection to the DUT and switches it to test mode operation.
The inquiry procedure can be skipped if
the Bluetooth® device address of the DUT is already known. In this case, a shorter setup time for the connection can be achieved. This is important for production tests of Bluetooth® devices to increase the maximum throughput of a production line. In line with the Bluetooth® test mode specification, the DUT has to be locally enabled for test mode operation.
After a Bluetooth® link is established,
the ¸CMU200 sends test control commands to the DUT to switch it to the desired test mode. The ¸CMU200 is then able to perform a number of trans­mitter and receiver measurements.
The ¸CMU200 is also capable of set-
ting up a normal Bluetooth® asynchro­nous connectionless (ACL) link without activating the test mode. Via this normal link, the power and frequency accuracy of every DUT can be measured, regard-
less of whether the DUT has been locally enabled for the test mode.
If a normal (ACL) link is used, the ¸CMU200 can switch the DUT to the audio, hold, park and sniff modes.
Audio mode
In the audio mode, the ¸CMU200 establishes a synchronous connection-ori­ented (SCO) link to the DUT in addition to the ACL link. The ¸CMU200‘s built-in Bluetooth® audio codec supports CVSD as well as A-law and µ-law coding. External audio generators and analyzers can be connected by means of one analog input and output each on the ¸CMU200 front panel. A much more convenient al­ternative is the ¸CMU-B41 audio op­tion. This option, in conjunction with the Bluetooth® audio codec, makes it very easy to carry out basic audio measure­ments on Bluetooth® DUTs.
Park, hold and sniff modes
The power consumption of a Bluetooth® chipset is considerably reduced in these three modes, making them particu­larly important in all battery-powered Bluetooth® devices. The ¸CMU200 can switch the DUT to the park, hold or sniff mode, making it possible to check the reduced power consumption by means of external test equipment.
Signaling information from the DUT
The ¸CMU200 is able to display a variety of information that is received from the DUT (e.g. device name, version numbers, service class, supported fea­tures).
Compliance with existing Bluetooth® standards
The ¸CMU200 is compliant with the Bluetooth® Core Specifications Ver­sion 1.1. The Bluetooth® test mode (Core Spec. Part I:1) is implemented with all commands needed to perform the TX/RX measurements. In addition, the ¸CMU200 is capable of testing all DUTs that support the new Bluetooth® Core Specifications Version 1.2, since the test mode specified in the new ver­sion does not include any changes rel­evant to the ¸CMU200.
The Bluetooth® RF Test Specification de­scribes RF test cases for the Bluetooth® qualification process. Although the ¸CMU200 was not designed for qualification tests, the RF test specifi­cation was taken as a guideline for the implementation of the ¸CMU200´s Bluetooth® measurements. All TX mea­surements are implemented in line with the RF test specification Version 1.2.
In connection with the ¸CMU200, the ¸CMUGo application software allows the evaluation of the following Bluetooth® test purposes:
The Connec-
tion Control
menu allows
the DUT to be
inquired and
paged. After
link setup, the ¸CMU200 can switch the
DUT to one of
five submodes.
The Power
menu shows
the results in
graphical and
scalar form.
Statistical
functions as
well as conve-
nient markers
facilitate fur­ther evaluation. The DUT power
can be varied
in stages us-
ing the up and
down keys.
TRM/CA/01/C (output power)
TRM/CA/03/C (power control)
TRM/CA/05/C (TX output spectrum
– 20 dB bandwidth)
TRM/CA/06/C (TX output spectrum
– adjacent channel power)
TRM/CA/07/C (modulation charac-
teristics) TRM/CA/08/C (initial carrier frequen-
cy tolerance) TRM/CA/09/C (carrier frequency drift)
RCV/CA/01/C (sensitivity – single-slot
1)
packets) RCV/CA/02/C (sensitivity – multislot
1)
packets) RCV/CA/06/C (maximum input level)
1)
Dirty transmitter with static settin gs for frequency
off set and modul ation index .
¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester 49
The graphical
display of mod-
ulation results
may be spread
between 1/1
and 1/16 of a
burst for in-
depth analy-
sis. The “Max.
Freq. Dev.” and
“Min. Freq.
Dev.” results
allow the high-
est and low-
est values of a
payload to be
evaluated indi-
vidually.
50 ¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester
Bluetooth® measurements in the ¸CMU200
TX measurements
The current measurement values for each parameter are displayed on the ¸CMU200 screen. Additionally, aver­age, maximum and minimum values are displayed as a result of a statistical evalu­ation of a definable number of Bluetooth® packets (bursts).
Power measurements (output power)
Measurement parameters:
Nominal power (measured as the
part of the burst starting at the de­tected first bit of the preamble (bit 0) to the last bit of the burst) Peak power (shows the highest
power level within a burst) Leakage power (measured within de-
fined areas before and after the burst)
Power control
The Power menu enables the power con­trol function of a Bluetooth® DUT to be checked. In this mode, the ¸CMU200 can send the “Power up“ and “Power down“ commands to the DUT. The user has two keys for manual power control. After each keystroke, the ¸CMU200 displays in a measurement window the difference level as compared to each pre­vious power level. In compliance with the Bluetooth® specifications, all difference values must be in the 2 dB to 8 dB range. When the maximum or minimum power level is reached, the DUT sends a message which is displayed on the ¸CMU200.
Timing measurements (packet timing error)
Measurement parameter:
Packet alignment (distance between
ideal master receiver slot and detect­ed bit 0 of the received burst)
This measurement is displayed on the Power screen.
The DUT can be connected to the ¸CMU200 via an RF coupler (antenna) or a cable.
Modulation measurements (modulation characteristics/quality)
Measurement parameters:
Frequency accuracy/initial carrier
frequency tolerance (ICFT) (differ­ence between measured frequency and intended transmitted frequency, measured in the preamble at the be­ginning of a packet) Carrier frequency drift (difference be-
tween the frequency at the start of the packet and the frequency in the payload) Maximum drift rate (maximum drift rate
anywhere within the packet payload) Average, maximum and minimum fre-
quency deviation (calculated over the packet payload)
In compliance with the Bluetooth® RF test specifications, a minimum of 99.9 % of all measured bits must have a fre­quency deviation of at least 115 kHz. The ¸CMU200 shows the measurement results in an additional window in the modulation display.
Spectrum measurements
20 dB bandwidth (occupied bandwidth)
The detection level for determining the
occupied bandwidth is adjustable. It is used as a reference for determining the lowest frequency below the transmit frequency of the DUT (fL) and the highest frequency above the transmit frequency of the DUT (fH)
Measurement parameters:
Emission peak
fL , fH and the difference (fH – fL) for
the Current, Average and Maximum display modes
Adjacent channel power (ACP)
The center channel as well as the three higher and the three lower adjacent channels for the measurement are user­configurable.
Measurement parameters:
Power of the center channel
(for Current display mode) Power of the selected adjacent chan-
nels (for Current, Average and Maxi­mum display modes)
The spectrum measurements are particu­larly important for the continuously grow­ing market share of Bluetooth® power class 1 equipment (+20 dBm). In this power class, instruments with impure RF can significantly impair signals for users of adjacent frequencies.
RX measurements
For RX measurements, the built-in signal generator generates a selectable bit se­quence, which is looped back in the DUT and demodulated and processed by the ¸CMU200 again. The TX level of the ¸CMU200 can be adjusted for this measurement.
The receiver quality measurement includes the output of BER and PER values. It supports three modes, i.e. single shot, continuous and search of a target BER value, by automatic varia­tion of the ¸CMU200 output level. The modulation index and the frequency offset of the ¸CMU200 transmitter signal can be set in any combination (”dirty signal”).
Sensitivity (single slot packets/multi-
slot packets )
Measurement parameters:
BER (percentage of bit errors that
have occurred within the current sta­tistical cycle) BER search function (sensitivity level
for a predefined BER level) PER (percentage of packet errors that
have occurred within the current sta­tistical cycle)
allows the control of specific DUT func­tions via the RF interface, e.g. switching a headset LED on and off.
Channel display in frequency-hopping
mode
The ¸CMU200 enables the convenient
determination of all RF channels in which the DUT exceeds specified tolerances. If
“on limit failure“ is set as a stop condition
in frequency-hopping measurements, the ¸CMU200 automatically stops the
Definable dirty transmitter parameters
The Bluetooth® RF test specifications
measurement when a measured value ex-
ceeds the definable limit values. stipulate a “dirty transmitter“ for mea­suring receiver sensitivity. Its two main parameters, i.e. modulation index and frequency offset, can be continuously adjusted on the ¸CMU200 and set in any combination. The ¸CMU200
The ¸CMU200 in addition displays
the number of the channel in which the
out-of-tolerance condition occurred – a
very helpful function for laboratory mea-
surements. can use dirty transmitter settings even during link setup (inquiry, connect), thus enabling a wide variety of tests that far exceed test specification requirements.
Measurements without link setup
Many Bluetooth® DUTs can be locally
switched to the transmitter test mode via
the HCI interface. The ¸CMU200 can
Control commands to the DUT
The ¸CMU200 can send control com­mands with user-specific contents to the
carry out power, frequency and modula-
tion measurements on such DUTs without
previously establishing a Bluetooth® link. DUT via the normal ACL link. This applica­tion, which is very useful in production,
Bluetooth® wireless technology highlights of the ¸CMU200
Measurements in Bluetooth® test mode,
non-test mode or without a connection Selectable channels and stop conditions
for in-depth signal analysis Spectrum measurements
(ACP and 20 dB bandwidth) Park, hold and sniff modes for power con-
sumption tests Audio codec integrated (CVSD, A-law,
µ-law) for test of audio equipment High measurement accuracy and speed
Parallel TX and RX measurement of the
RF interface in loopback mode Output of Bluetooth®-specific clock signal
IF signal output
Supported standards
Bluetooth® Core Specifications
Version 1.1 (DUTs in line with 1.2 can also be measured) Bluetooth® Test Specification V1.2,
vol. 2, Radio Frequency
The Bluetooth word mark and logos are owned by the Bluetooth SIG, Inc. and any use of such marks by Rohde & Schwarz is under license.
¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester 51
Ethernet
RF
HTTP server
Video streaming
MMSC
FTP server
Services
TCP / UDP
IP
Data link layer
Physical layer
Applications
. . .
Ether-
net
RF
Relay
Web browser
Video streaming
MMS client
TCP / UDP
IP / PPP / ...
PDCP / RLC / MAC
Physical layer
. . . . .
.
IP
Data link layer
Physical layer
IP
PDCP / RLC / MAC
Physical layer
52 ¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester
Testing applications in mobile radiocommunications
¸CMU200 goes Internet: testing data applications
The highly successful ¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester, which was originally designed as a pure RF tester for the various mobile radio standards used around the world, now enables additional user groups to test video telephony and data applications.
Appealing compact solution
Both developing and providing data ap­plications for mobile radio present a mul­titude of new challenges. Most applica­tions in data communications are based on the Internet protocol (IP), which in turn is based on the client-server princi­ple. This means that a client uses a mo­bile phone to request services that are provided by a server in the communica­tions network.
The software for these applications is usually developed on PCs; after its im­plementation and extensive computer simulations, the software is ported to the mobile phone. To perform further tests on the mobile phone itself, a public mobile radio network or the simulation of such a network is required.
(LAN), the Internet or, at its simplest, a
controller, where the servers providing
the communications services can be ac-
cessed. The user usually accesses these
services from the mobile phone via mo-
bile originated calls.
The ¸CMU200 bridges the gap be-
tween wired data communications and
radiocommunications across various
protocol layers.
When the ¸CMU200 is combined
with the Fading Simulator ¸ABFS,
the operation of a mobile telephone un-
der various fading scenarios such as in
an automobile at various speeds and
reception conditions can be simulated.
Thus, the reliability of data exchange can
be tested and evaluated.
TCP/IP services
The clients on the mobile phone require
suitable servers at the controller end as
a counterpart for application tests.
The ¸CMU-K96 WCDMA applica­tion testing option allows IP-based data applications to be tested on a mobile phone; in addition, it includes several TCP/IP servers, for example an HTTP server, which allows you to start a web browser on a mobile phone. Another server is the MMS center (MMSC) with basic functionality, which can be used to test the transmission and reception of multimedia messages on a mobile phone.
Future prospects
Application tests are becoming more and more important in mobile radio. Rohde & Schwarz is meeting this trend by continuously developing new solu­tions in this field. The licensing authori­ties have responded to changes in the way mobile communications are used: By developing test scenarios with exact specifications, they define appropriate tests at the application level that will en­sure that mobile radio networks will also operate smoothly in the future.
Up to now, radio networks could usu­ally be simulated only with the aid of complex setups. This is remedied by the ¸CMU200, which is a very interest­ing alternative for such tasks.
Test setup
Application test setups basically consist of a mobile phone, the ¸CMU200 and a PC. The mobile radio tester, which is connected to the mobile phone via the radio interface, simulates the mobile ra­dio network. Via an Ethernet connection, it accesses the IP-based computer world, which can be either a local area network
Versatile application tests in (E)GPRS mobile radio
The ¸CMU-K92 software option al­lows you to test applications for 2.5G mobile phones. For example, you can now test the transmission or reception of multimedia message services (MMS), Internet browsing or video streaming within a simulated (E)GPRS network en­vironment. In addition to measuring the known RF parameters of power, spec­trum or modulation, you can now also perform such tasks as displaying data throughput or analyzing protocols.
(E)GPRS application tests with the ¸CMU200
Owing to significant protocol stack ex­tensions, the ¸ CMU 200 now also allows you to test applications via GPRS and EGPRS(EDGE) mobile phones simply by activating a new software option.
The new software option makes it pos­sible to test almost any IP-based applica­tions in packet-oriented mode via an IP gateway.
sion and no longer on the basis of pseu-
do-random binary sequences (PRBS). If
two ¸CMU200 testers are available,
the application tests can be expanded
to accommodate data end-to-end tests,
for example for checking the exchange
of an MMS message between two mo-
bile phones. If only one ¸CMU200 is
available, the transmission and slightly
delayed reception of an MMS message
with one mobile phone can also be im-
plemented using the loopback setting in
the MMSC.
Powerful aid in the development lab
The new ¸CMU-K92 software op-
tion for the ¸CMU200 for the first
time allows application design engineers
to test their work in the lab on mobile
phones in a simulated radio network. In
this case, the main focus is on proving
that the application runs smoothly on
the mobile phone under normal operat-
ing and radio conditions.
Throughput of IP data exchanged between mobile phone and radio network in uplink (UL) and downlink (DL).
Future prospects
Option ¸CMU-K92 is the platform for further application tests. It is required in order to run validated MMS test cases or to test complex applications such as push to talk over cellular (PoC). In the forthcoming configurations, data appli­cations can also be tested while voice transmission is in progress. If feasible with the mobile phone, both applications (circuit-switched/packet-switched) can then be operated and tested simultane­ously in the dual transfer mode.
You can simply test proper functioning,
Recording of all exchanged IP data packets with time stamp and display of the data transmission rate achieved.
but also check whether different appli­cations that are simultaneously activated on a mobile phone run smoothly.
In addition to displaying the current data throughput of the IP packets exchanged between mobile phone and server, the ¸CMU200 also records various transmission protocols.
Regardless of these activities, it is still possible to measure and analyze the RF signals transmitted by GPRS or EGPRS mobile phones on the ¸CMU200 with respect to power, spectrum or mod­ulation. Unlike the previous transmitter test, the measurement is now performed as part of the application data transmis-
¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester 53
54 ¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester
Testing applications in mobile radiocommunications
WCDMA: data applications and video telephony test
Option ¸CMU-K96 makes it possible to test data applications on WCDMA mobile phones.
Settings and measurement results
The configuration of the RF parameters of a WCDMA radio network can be dy­namically adjusted on the ¸CMU200 during application testing.
Changing the channel numbers trig­gers an intracell handover, for example. Since a reduced transmit level increases the bit error probability at the receiver end, an application function on a mobile phone can also be tested under adverse receive conditions.
If the application test is performed in compressed mode, the mobile phone is subjected to additional stress, which allows you to check the quality of the UE report transmitted from the mobile phone to the tester. While an applica­tion is running on the mobile phone, the known transmitter measurements such as power, code domain power, spectrum and modulation can still be performed. The block error ratio (BLER) determined by the ¸CMU200 is used to evaluate the receiver in the mobile phone.
Remote control and automation
To remote-control the ¸CMU200
during application tests, an IEC/IEEE bus
interface is available; it can be used, for
example, to automatically obtain mea-
surement results and measurement
values – a prerequisite for program-con-
trolled sequences. Such automatically
running tests can be repeated at any
time and as often as necessary without
staff intervention, thus helping to in-
crease the system’s efficiency.
Protocol analysis
After the software has been ported to
the mobile phone, users often want
to record protocols to optimize inter-
nal processes or to perform an error
analysis that may be necessary. The
¸CMU-Z46 WCDMA message ana-
lyzer and recorder option allows all uni-
versal terrestrial radio access network
(UTRAN) protocol layers to be recorded, which can then be used for more de­tailed analysis. This powerful tool per­mits in-depth analyses, including trans­port layer analyses.
Video telephony
In all likelihood, video telephony is the most spectacular new WCDMA appli­cation. It is unique in that it is circuit­switched, and not IP-based like the previously described applications. The WCDMA firmware checks this func­tionality without requiring optional ex­tensions. The test is performed in echo mode, where the transmission and re­ception of video and audio signals can be checked with just one mobile phone. The video telephony signals transmitted by the phone to the ¸CMU200 are looped back by the radio tester and dis­played by the phone as would-be video and audio signals of a called station.
An inner loop power measurement can be used during the application test, for example, to test the accu-
racy of a mobile phone‘s amplifier
when traffic power commands (TPC)
are being carried out.
Testing CDMA2000® 1x data applications
Standard CDMA2000 mobile radio net­works have already been in commercial use since 2000 in many Asian countries (e.g. Japan and South Korea), the Ameri­cas (e.g. the USA and Canada), as well as in Eastern Europe. With the options ¸CMU-B87 and ¸CMU-K87 the ¸CMU200 now offers extensive test capabilities for data applications for this important global 3G standard.
Extensive test capabilities
The CDMA2000 1x mobile radio standard, which was developed by the 3GPP2 stan­dardization body, is officially recognized by the ITU as an IMT-2000 standard for the third mobile radio generation (3G). Most deployments of CDMA2000 1xRTT networks have limited the peak data rate to 153.6 kbit/s. CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev. A networks provide a maximum data rate of 3.1 Mbit/s in the forward link and
1.8 Mbit/s in the reverse link.
In these networks, data links based on the Internet protocol are playing a more and more significant role. This calls for new test procedures designed to verify the functionality of IP-based links. For exam­ple, the TIA/EIA standard TIA-898 specifies data rate measurements for FTP links.
Service Option 33
In its Service Option 33, the TIA/EIA standard IS-707-A specifies IP-based da­ta links for the CDMA2000 standard. The ¸CMU200 provides all parameters required for this service option, ranging from traffic channel configuration (data rates of up to 153.6 kbit/s can be set for the supplemental channel (SCH) both for the forward and the reverse link) through to the parameters for mobile IP and authentication.
Statistical evaluation of data transfer between the ¸CMU200 and the mobile phone during the
application test. After the RLP (radio link protocol type 3) and IP data packets are exchanged, the
transmitted and received packets are evaluated using different criteria.
PPP authentication
For setting up a point-to-point proto-
indicates the various PPP states the mo-
bile phone can assume. col (PPP) link, the ¸CMU200 can be configured to request PPP authen­tication from the mobile phone. The ¸CMU200 supports two methods of authentication: CHAP (challenge hand­shake authentication protocol) and PAP (password authentication protocol).
TX/RX RLP frame and IP packet
statistics
A statistical evaluation based on counts
of the different parameters makes it pos-
sible to track the data flow through the
base station, i.e. the ¸CMU200. The
following types of data are counted sep-
Mobile IP
arately for the TX and RX directions. Mobile IP is an addition to the con­ventional Internet protocol. It makes the movements of a mobile computer (mobile node, i.e. in this case a mobile phone) transparent for data applications and the higher protocol layers.
Application scenarios
The ¸CMU200 allows different test
setups to be implemented for different
application scenarios. In the simplest
case, you can operate the tester in the
standalone mode to perform data rate
PPP link status
During periods in which the mobile
measurements on the mobile phone un-
der test. phone is not transmitting or receiving data, it switches to an idle state referred to as dormant mode. In this mode, the PPP link is maintained, but no traffic channel connections are set up in the CDMA2000 network. The ¸CMU200
¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester 55
56 ¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester
I/Q and IF interfaces for the ¸CMU200
Functionality
The ¸CMU-B17 option allows access to analog I/Q and IF signals in both communication directions (uplink and downlink). Once a radio link has been established, complex I/Q signals can be applied or transmitted for further analysis. This solution will allow the ¸CMU200 to be used for new tasks in the development and testing of mo­bile phones and their modules.
Technical concept
The selectable I/Q and IF interface mod­ule is looped between the RF module (modulator, demodulator) and the digital module (test DSP, signaling unit) of the ¸CMU200. During normal operation without access to I/Q or IF signals, the interface module can be set to the by­pass mode. This eliminates any further influence on the transmit and receive signal, and the original data of the in­strument is retained. In addition to preconfigured default settings for con­stantly recurring T&M tasks (e.g. fading of the transmit signal), all types of cus­tomized signal path combinations can be set.
Receiver tests under fading conditions
A fading simulator is used to test the re­ceiver characteristics of mobile phones under practical conditions. An RF chan­nel that is ideal if the tester and the DUT are connected by means of a cable is provided with fading effects that also occur under real field conditions.
Fitted with the ¸CMU-B17 option, the ¸CMU200, together with the Fading Simulator ¸AMU200A, pro­vides a cost-effective solution for the specified measurement task. Optionally, the Signal Generator ¸SMU200A with the option ¸SMU-B14 can be used; the transmit module of the genera­tor can also provide a faded RF signal.
Testing of mobile radio modules
Another major application is the genera­tion and analysis of I/Q signals. Most mobile radio modules include an RF module and a baseband module that communicate with each other via an an­alog I/Q interface. The I/Q and IF inter­face can now be used to access the RF modules from both sides.
Quite often, different teams in develop­ment departments are responsible for the RF and the baseband modules. Test­ing via the I/Q interfaces allows space­and time-independent development.
I/Q signal analysis
If I/Q signals are applied to the receive
path of the ¸CMU200, they can be
analyzed analogously to the RF signals.
In addition to more complex modula-
tion parameters (error vector magnitude
(EVM), peak code domain error power),
direct I/Q parameters such as I/Q offset
or I/Q imbalance can be analyzed.
Your local Rohde & Schwarz representa-
tive will gladly provide you with further
information about the ¸CMU-B17
option.
¸AMU200A Fading Simulator
Radio modules
¸CMU200
Signaling unit
Transmitter
unit
Receiver
unit
¸CMU-B17
I/Q/IF
Interface
Faded
RF signal
¸SMU200A RF Generator
with option ¸SMU-B14
Fading Simulator
I/Q
Transmitter
RF module
Receiver
RF module
Transmitter
baseband
module
Receiver
baseband
module
Loop-back
for
GSM
BER tests
PN
generator
BER
analyzer
Fading
simulator
RF
transmitter
module
UL
DL
¸CMU200
Signaling unit
Radio modules
Transmitter
RF module
Receiver
RF module
Transmitter
baseband
module
Receiver
baseband
module
Transmitter
unit
Receiver
unit
¸CMU-B17
I/Q/IF
Interface
Test of RX parameters in ¸CMU200 non-signaling mode
Test of TX parameters in ¸CMU200 non-signaling mode
Analog I/Q (baseband)
RF
I/Q IN
I/Q OUT
DL
UL
¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester 57
58 ¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester
¸CMU200 options and accessories
Type Description
GSM/GPRS/EDGE
TDMA
AMPS
CDMA2000® 1xRTT
CDMA2000® 1xEV-DO
WCDMA/HSPA
Bluetooth®
¸CMU200
¸CMU-B111)Reference OCXO, aging 2 × 10–7/year ¸CMU-B12
¸CMU-B17 Analog I/Q IF interface ¸CMU-B21
¸CMU-B21
¸CMU-B41 Audio generator and analyzer; includes audio frequency (AF) generator,
¸CMU-B52 Internal versatile multimode speech coder/decoder; ¸CMU-B21 necessary ¸CMU-B53 Bluetooth® extension; ¸CMU-B21 necessary ¸CMU-B55 HD option for (E)GPRS application testing with more than 2 UL slots ¸CMU-B56 WCDMA (3GPP FDD) signaling module for ¸CMU-B21 model 14 ¸CMU-B68
¸CMU-B832)CDMA2000® 1xRTT signaling unit ¸CMU-B832)CDMA2000® 1xRTT signaling unit; required for CDMA2000® 1xEV-DO Rev. 0
¸CMU-B85 8 k/13 k QCELP, 8k EVRC speech codec for ¸CMU-B83 CDMA2000® 1xRTT
¸CMU-B85 8k/13k QCELP, 8k EVRC, EVRC-B speech codec for ¸CMU-B83 model 22
¸CMU-B87 Interface for extensive CDMA2000® 1xRTT /1xEV-DO data testing for
¸CMU-B883)CDMA2000® 1xEV-DO Rev. 0 and A non-signaling generator for
¸CMU-B893)CDMA2000® 1xEV-DO Rev. 0 and A signaling module for ¸CMU-B83 model 22
¸CMU-B95 Auxiliary generator that covers the requirements of present BCCH by GSM/
¸CMU-B96 2nd TX RF channel with full functionality; for generation of small-band signal
¸CMU-B99 RF1 level range identical to RF2 ¸CMU-K14 Stereo FM transmitter ¸CMU-K16
¸CMU-K17 WCDMA (3GPP FDD) band 11, UE test signaling software
¸CMU-K20 ¸CMU-K21
¸CMU-K22 ¸CMU-K23 ¸CMU-K24 ¸CMU-K26 ¸CMU-K27 IS-136/cellular (800 MHz band) mobile station signaling/non-signaling test
1)
¸CMU-B11 or ¸CMU -B12 possib le. One of two OCXOs should be inst alled to ensure high f requency accuracy, or an external frequency reference may b e used, if avai lable.
2)
Either ¸CMU -B83 model 12 or ¸CMU-B 83 model 22 is required.
3)
Either ¸CMU -B88 or ¸CMUB8 9 is required .
Base unit with following accessories: power cord, operating and service manual for instrument
1)
High-stability OCXO, aging 3.5 × 10–8/year; oven crystal with highest long­term stability
Unversal signaling unit; provides multistandard signaling hardware; required for WCDMA 3GPP FDD
Universal signaling unit; includes signaling module for AMPS, TDMA, GSM/ GPRS/EGPRS
voltmeter, distortion meter
Versatile baseband board for WCDMA (3GPP FDD) layer 1, DL and UL, non-signaling
and A signaling
signaling unit
CDMA2000® 1xRTT signaling unit
CDMA2000® 1xRTT signaling unit ¸CMU-B83; requires ¸CMU-K87
¸CMU-B83 model 12 CDMA2000® 1xRTT signaling unit
CDMA2000® 1xRTT signaling unit
GPRS/EGPRS and application testing for (E)GPRS
(GSM BCCH, channel A) or of wideband signal (WCDMA BCCH, channel B)
WCDMA (3GPP FDD) band 10, UE test signaling software (¸CMU-B68, ¸CMU-B21 model 14 or 54, ¸CMU-B56 necessary)
(¸CMU-B68, ¸CMU-B21 model 14 or 54, ¸CMU-B56 necessary) GSM400 mobile station signaling/non-signaling test software GSM900, R-GSM, and E-GSM mobile station signaling/non-signaling test
software GSM1800 (DCS) mobile station signaling/non-signaling test software GSM1900 (PCS) mobile station signaling/non-signaling test software GSM850 mobile station signaling/non-signaling test software GT800 mobile station signaling/non-signaling test software
software
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– 1150.0301.12
– 1150.0301.22
– 1100.7002.12
– 1100.7002.22
– 1150.2404.02
– 1158.9908.02
– 1159.3090.02
– 1159.0504.02
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– 1159.1600.02
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– 1115.6607.02
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– 1200.9158.02
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– 1200.9258.02
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Order No.
1100.0008.02
1100.5000.02
1100.5100.02
1100.6906.02
1100.5200.14
1100.5200.54
1100.5300.02
1100.5400.14
1100.5700.14
1150.1250.02
1200.7503.02
Type Description
¸CMU-K28 IS-136/PCS (1900 MHz band) mobile station signaling/non- signaling test
software ¸CMU-K29 ¸CMU-K42
AMPS mobile station signaling/non-signaling test software
GPRS test software extension for all GSM test software packages ¸CMU-K43 EGPRS classic (EDGE) signaling test software for all GSM test software
packages ¸CMU-K44 Dual transfer mode: simultaneous CS and PS connection for all GSM packages ¸CMU-K45 AMR test software extension for all GSM test software packages ¸CMU-K46
Wideband adaptive multirate signaling for GSM and WCDMA
(GSM or WCDMA signaling option necessary) ¸CMU-K47 ¸Smart Alignment for all GSM and CDMA2000® packages ¸CMU-K48 I/Q versus slot measurement for adjustment of polar modulators ¸CMU-K53 Bluetooth® test software ¸CMU-K56
HSUPA 5.7 Mbit/s extension, 3GPP/FDD/UE, Rel.6
(¸CMU-B68, ¸CMU-B21 model 14 or 54, ¸CMU-B56 necessary) ¸CMU-K57 WCDMA signaling 3GPP/FDD/UE, band 7
(¸CMU-B68, ¸CMU-B21 model 14 or 54, ¸CMU-B56 necessary) ¸CMU-K58 WCDMA signaling 3GPP/FDD/UE, band 8
(¸CMU-B68, ¸CMU-B21 model 14 or 54, ¸CMU-B56 necessary) ¸CMU-K59 WCDMA signaling 3GPP/FDD/UE, band 9
(¸CMU-B68, ¸CMU-B21 model 14 or 54, ¸CMU-B56 necessary) ¸CMU-K60 ¸CMU-K61 ¸CMU-K62
HSDPA 14 Mbit/s extension 3GPP/FDD/UE, Rel. 5 (¸CMU-K64 necessary)
WCDMA (3GPP FDD) band 4, UE test signaling software
WCDMA (3GPP FDD) band 5, UE test signaling software ¸CMU-K63 WCDMA (3GPP FDD) band 6, UE test signaling software ¸CMU-K64 3.6 Mbit/s HSDPA ¸CMU-K65 ¸CMU-K66 ¸CMU-K67 ¸CMU-K68
WCDMA (3GPP FDD) UL user equipment TX test, non-signaling test software
WCDMA (3GPP FDD) DL generator, non-signaling test software
WCDMA (3GPP FDD) band 3, UE test signaling software
WCDMA (3GPP FDD) band 1, UE test signaling software ¸CMU-K69 WCDMA (3GPP FDD) band 2, UE test signaling software ¸CMU-K83 CDMA2000® 1xRTT 450 MHz bands (band class 5, 11) test software ¸CMU-K84 CDMA2000® 1xRTT cellular bands (band class 0, 2, 3, 7, 9, 10, 12) test
software ¸CMU-K85 CDMA2000® 1xRTT PCS bands (band class 1, 4, 8, 14) test software
¸CMU-K86 CDMA2000® 1xRTT IMT-2000 bands (band class 6, 13, 15, 16, 17) test software ¸CMU-K87 Extensive CDMA2000® 1xRTT/1xEV-DO data testing; requires ¸CMU-B87 ¸CMU-K88 CDMA2000® 1x EV-DO Rev. 0 and A non-signaling test software package for
¸CMU-B88, including 450 MHz + cellular + PCS + IMT-2000 bands ¸CMU-K92 (E)GPRS application testing; external PC, Windows XP/2000, GPRS or EGPRS
software option, and ¸CMU-B95 auxiliary generator plus power PC
required ¸CMU-K96
WCDMA application testing; at least one WCDMA signaling band necessary ¸CMU-K839 CDMA2000® 1xEV-DO 450 MHz bands (band class 5, 11) test software for
¸CMU-B89 R&S CMU-K849 CDMA2000® 1xEV-DO Cellular bands (band class 0, 2, 3, 7, 9, 10, 12) test
software for ¸CMU-B89 R&S CMU-K859 CDMA2000® 1xEV-DO PCS bands (band class 1, 4, 8, 14) test software for
¸CMU-B89 R&S CMU-K869 CDMA2000® 1xEV-DO IMT-2000 bands (band class 6, 13, 15, 16, 17) test
software for ¸CMU-B89
GSM/GPRS/EDGE
TDMA
AMPS
CDMA2000® 1xRTT
CDMA2000® 1xEV-DO
WCDMA/HSPA
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– 1115.6907.02
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J
– 1157.4477.02
– 1157.5309.02
þ
– 1200.7803.02
J
– 1200.7903.02
ü
– 1200.8000.02
ü
– 1200.8100.02
ü
– 1200.8200.02
J
– 1157.3670.02
ü
– 1157.3770.02
ü
– 1157.3870.02
ü
– 1157.3970.02
J
– 1115.4891.02
þ
– 1115.5100.02
þ
– 1150.3000.02
ü
– 1115.5300.02
ü
– 1115.5400.02
ü
– 1150.3500.02
ü
– 1150.3600.02
ü
– 1150.3700.02
ü
– 1150.3800.02
ü J J
J J
– 1150.4007.02
– 1150.3900.02
– 1157.4077.02
– 1157.4177.02
J
J ü
J ü
J ü
J ü
– 1200.8300.02
– 1200.8400.02
– 1200.8500.02
– 1200.8600.02
Order No.
Bluetooth®
1115.5000.02
¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester 59
Type Description
¸CMU-PK204)Software package for ¸CMU200 including GSM850 + 900 + 1800 + 1900
+ GPRS signaling (¸CMU-K21, -K22, -K23, -K24, -K42)
4)
¸CMU-PK60
Software package for ¸CMU200 including WCDMA signaling: 3GPP/FDD/
UE, TX test, DL generator, band 1+2+3+4+5+6
(¸CMU-K61, -K62, -K63, -K65, -K66, -K67, -K68, -K69) ¸CMU-PK804)Software package for ¸CMU200 including CDMA2000® bands 450 MHz +
PCS + cellular + IMT-2000; analog AMPS
(¸CMU-K83, -K84, -K85, -K86, -K29) ¸CMU-PK1004)Software package for ¸CMU200 including GSM/GPRS/EGPRS + WCDMA
+ CDMA2000® 1xRTT + 1xEV-DO + AMPS + IS-136
(¸CMU-PK20, -PK60, -PK80, -PK800, -K27, -K28, -K43, -K88) ¸CMU-PK800 Software package for ¸CMU200 including CDMA2000® 1x EV-DO Rev. 0
and A for 450 MHz + cellular+ PCS + IMT-2000 bands
(¸CMU-K839, -K849, -K859, -K869) ¸CMU-U80 Low jitter trigger output connector (for A-GPS) ¸CMU-Z1 256 Mbyte memory card for use with PCMCIA interface;
flash ATA formatted, also named PC Card ATA ¸CMU-Z6
Enhancement of wideband modulation (WCDMA 3GPP FDD) analyzer accuracy ¸CMU-Z10 Antenna coupler 900 MHz/1700 MHz to 2200 MHz ¸CMU-Z11 RF shielded cover, extension for ¸CMU-Z10 ¸CMU-Z12
Bluetooth® antenna, extension for ¸CMU-Z10 ¸CMU-Z13 USB 2.0 feedthrough for ¸CMU-Z10 ¸CMU-Z46
WCDMA (3GPP FDD) message analyzer and recorder ¸CMU-Z50 Handset for ¸CMU200 ¸CMU-Z89 Hybrid mode test kit; for connecting two ¸CMU200 for CDMA2000® 1xRTT
and 1xEV-DO hybrid mode applications ¸CMU-DCV Documentation of calibration values ¸CRT-Z2
GSM/GPRS test SIM for GSM900 and DCS1800 for loopback mode;
required for BER and other applications ¸CRT-Z12
GSM/GPRS test SIM for GSM850 and PCS1900 for loopback mode;
required for BER and other applications ¸CRT-Z3 3G UICC/USIM test card for UMTS ¸ZZA-411 19” rack adapter
GSM/GPRS/EDGE
TDMA
AMPS
CDMA2000® 1xRTT
CDMA2000® 1xEV-DO
WCDMA/HSPA
– 1159.3303.04
J
J J
– 1159.3403.02
J J J J J J
J
J J
– 1159.3355.04
J
– 1159.3455.06
– 1200.0609.02
– 1150.1750.02
J J J J J J J
– 1150.0001.02
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J
J J J J
J J J J J J J
– 1159.0804.02
J J J J J J J J
J J
– 1200.0750.02
J J J J J J J
– 1039.9005.02
J
– 1139.1205.02
J
– 1139.1005.02
J J J J J J J J
Order No.
Bluetooth®
1100.7490.04
1150.0801.10
1150.1008.02
1150.1043.02
1159.1200.20
1159.0104.02
0240.2193.08
1069.3283.00
Comments on table
þ mandatory ü signaling option (at least one is mandatory) J optional
not applicable
4)
When ordering one of t he ¸CMU-PK20 t o -PK100 sof tware pa ckages, th e signaling so ftware in cluded in the se package s does not have t o be ordered s eparatel y.
¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester 60
Value-added services
Rohde & Schwarz offers a wide range of training programs not only on products but also on new technical developments
Rohde & Schwarz application engineers help to optimize the use of the ¸CMU200 and the overall performance of your local
environment Over 70 representative offices and a worldwide network of service and calibration centers ensure Rohde & Schwarz support
where you need it
Quality management at Rohde & Schwarz
Lasting customer satisfaction is our primary objective. The quality management system of Rohde & Schwarz meets the requirements of ISO 9001 and encompasses virtually all fields of activity of the company.
¸CMU200 Universal Radio Communication Tester 61
Certified Quality System
ISO 9001
DQS REG. NO 1954 QM
Certified Environmental System
ISO
14001
DQS REG. NO 1954 UM
For data sheet, see PD 0758.0039.22
Certified Quality System
ISO 9001
DQS REG. NO 1954 QM
Certified Environmental System
ISO
14001
DQS REG. NO 1954 UM
and www.rohde-schwarz.com
(search term: CMU200)
· Data without tolerance limits is not binding · Subject to change
¸is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG · Trade names are trademarks of the owners · Printed in Germany (as)
PD 0758.0039.12 · ¸CMU200 · Version 09.00 · November 2007
Europe: +49 1805 12 4242, customersupport@rohde-schwarz.com
www.rohde-schwarz.com
Americas: 1-888-837-8772, customer.support@rsa.rohde-schwarz.com
Asia: +65 65130488, customersupport.asia@rohde-schwarz.com
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