Ricoh B230, B237 Training Program

B230/B237

B230/B237

Course Reference Material

This presentation is the intellectual property of Ricoh University and may not be duplicate or distributed in any format.

Copyright © 2000-2005 Ricoh US Corporation. All Rights Reserved.

1

B230/B230 TRAINING PROGRAM

2

2

Introduction:

The B230/B237 is a mid-range network multi-functional color copier.

Based on the GW Architecture.
Provides:

Network Scanning (color originals can be scanned)
Local Storage (with the HDD)
Copying
Printing

3

Objectives

The objectives of this training program is to:

• Understand installation, detailed descriptions, and routine

maintenance.

− Understand the PM table.

− Understan d the important SP codes.

• Understand troubleshooting and repair procedures of this

product as you would in the field.

4

ORIENTATION

Provide the trainees with information about the training course procedures,
facilities, objectives and rules.

Introduction of instructors

Introduce yourself to the class, and any other instructors who will be taking part.
Tell them who to talk to if they have any problems.

Introduction of trainees

Distribute a list of those attending the course.
Try to generate a friendly and relaxed atmosphere, and encourage the class to

get to know each other.
If it will help, have the trainees introduce themselves (name, company, work

experience).

Explanation of curriculum

Pass out copies of the training schedule
Impress the importance of getting to the class on time
Go over the course objectives (key points listed on the slide).

Explanation of training center rules

Explain the general rules of your training center (smoking, breaks, use of facilities,
etc.)

Explain the tools and equipment available at the facility.
Impress on the trainees that they should not touch the machines until the

instructor says so, and that they are responsible for replacing tools and keeping
the classroom in order.

4

Course Overview

This presentation is the int e llectual property of Ricoh University and may not be duplicate or dist ributed in any format.

Copyright ©2000-2005 Ricoh US Corporation. All Rights Reserved.

The course is broken up into several modules. This section outlines these
modules.

The course covers the copier and the opt ional peripherals. Scanner, printer, fax,
and connectivity are not covered in this course.

5

PRODUCT OUTLINE

The model will be introduced to the class.
The optional peripherals will be introduced to the class.
The product concept, sales points, and targets will be presented.

SPECIFICATIONS

The main specifications will be outlined. Significant items will be stressed.

Course Overview

 Product Outline
 Specifications
 Installation
 Machine Overview
 Scanner
 Image Processing
 Laser Unit
 PCU
 Process Contr ol

6

MACHINE OVERVIEW

The components will be discussed.
The paper feed path and copying process will be outlined.
The machine's organization and overall PCB structure will also be covered.

SCANNER

The scanner mechanism will be discussed.

IMAGE PROCESSING

This section explains the image processing done inside this machine.

LASER UNIT

The laser diode circuits and laser optics will be described.

PCU

This section explains the components of the PCU.
All the image-creation processes around the drum, including development, are

covered in this section.

PROCESS CONTROL

This section explains the basic points about how the machine controls the copy
process to compensate for changes in operating conditions.

Toner supply control, and toner near-end/end detection are covered in this section.

6

 Toner Supply
 Waste Toner Collection
 Transfer and Separation
 Paper Feed
 Fusing
 Paper Exit
 Duplex

TONER SUPPLY

The toner supply mechanism will be described.
Toner supply control, and near-end/end detection are covered in the process

control section.

WASTE TONER COLLECTION

Waste toner collection will be discussed. There is no recycling.

TRANSFER & SEPARATION

Course Overview Continued

7

Image transfer, paper transfer, and paper separation will be described.

PAPER FEED

The paper feed mechanism for the main body will be described. The optional LCT
and tray units will be dealt with in later sections.

FUSING

Fusing will be described.

PAPER EXIT

The paper feed out mechanisms will be described.

DUPLEX

The duplex mechanisms will be described.
The duplex tray is a standard component of this model.

7

OPTIONS

The options listed above will be described in the indicated order.
The only new one is the booklet finisher, and that contains mechanisms from the

V-C1 booklet finisher.

MAINTENANCE

PM is described briefly.

Course Overview Continued

 Options

• ARDF

• Paper Tray Unit

• LCT

• Shift Tray

• One-bin Tray

• Bridge Unit

• 500-sheet finisher

• 1000-sheet finisher

• Booklet finisher

 Maintenance
 Troubleshooting

8

TROUBLESHOOTING

Basic points concerning service codes, diagnostics, and other troubleshooting
tools will be covered.

8

Product Overview

This presentation is the int e llectual property of Ricoh University and may not be duplicate or dist ributed in any format.

Copyright ©2000-2005 Ricoh US Corporation. All Rights Reserved.

The course is broken up into several modules. This section outlines these
modules.

The course covers the B230/B237 and the optional peripherals. Scanner, printer,
and network software are not covered in this course.

9

Appearance

Booklet
Finisher

ADF

Two-tray
Paper Tray Unit

10

Here is a view of the machine with three optional peripherals installed.
There are other options, as we will see later.

10

 B230:

• 25 cpm

 B237:

• 30 cpm

Models in this line

11

11

Product Positioning

= B230

AT-C1a

AT-C1b

= B237

12

This chart shows which machines the B230/B237- could be used as alternatives
or as replacements.

The faster machine could be seen as a replacement for the slower models of the
Jupiter-C1/C2 series. The B230/B237 uses a four-PCU tandem color copying
system, like the Jupiter, so it is quite fast.

12

SALES POINTS

This presentation is the intellectual property of Ricoh University and may not be duplicate or distributed in any format.

Copyright © 2000-2005 Ricoh US Corporation. All Rights Reserved.

13

Main Sales Points

 High performance (near black-and-white model performance)

• Short Warm Up time: 45 sec.

• Shorter First Copy Output Time:

− Black-and-white 6.7 sec

− Full color: 9.7 sec

 Productivity

• High speed color output

− B230: 25 cpm, B237: 30 cpm

• Booklet Finisher

• Large Paper Capacity: Max. 3,100 sheets

• LCT can be refilled during copying

• High Speed Scanning: 50 pages/minute (monochrome or color, LT

LEF, 600dpi)

• Thick paper (up to 216 g/m

2

) can be fed from the front tray

14

There are also a lot of connectivity features, which we will not explain in this class.
We will limit ourselves to the engine in this course.

14

Color Mode
Icon

New Display Panel

Check Modes

Job List Remaining Job Time

15

The color mode icon changes when you select Auto color Select, Full color, or
Black and White. Ask the class to try it on the machine, if you have one set up
already.

Other modes, such as two-color mode, can also be shown as options on

the display by adjusting machine settings.
The Check Modes button is part of the LCD display.
The Job List button is a new feature.
You can also see an estimate of the remaining time for the job, at the bottom of

the screen. (Does not work for fax communication.)

15

Animated Guidance Display

16

For some functions, such as removing jams and replacing toner, an animated
guidance appears on the screen.

16

Improved Operation Panel Layout

Larger LCD

Login/Logout,
for Authentication

Status Lamps
Can be seen from a distance

Start Key

Simplifies
the Display

17

The login/logout button makes authentication a bit easier.
The ‘simplified display’ button reduces the amount of information on the LCD

panel. The next slide gives an example.
The red and green lamps on the Start key show clearly when the machine will or

will not start.

17

Simplified Display

Normal Display Simplified Display

 The simplified display appears when you push the

Simplified Display button.

18

18

Easy Jam Removal

 Simple paper path
 All jams can be removed from the right side of the

machine.

If the finisher is installed, jams can occ ur in the finisher.

•

19

The photo on the left shows that the path through the machine is simple.

19

LED indication on the One-bin Tray

One-bin
Tray

Standard
Output Tray

 This LED lights when an output arrives on the one-bin tray.

The one-bin tray is an optional device.

•

 If the one-bin tray is set up to receive fax messages, then

the LED tells the customer when a fax message has been
printed.

This LED lights
when the one-bin
tray has paper in
it

20

20

Paper Tray Handle

 The handle allows the paper tray to be pulled easily with an

‘overhand’ or ‘underhand’ grip.

21

21

Replacing Toner is Easy

 Toner cartridges can be changed with one hand, and with

one easy movement.

22

22

ARDF Accessibility

 To make the machine

accessible to people in
wheelchairs, the
components operated by a
users must be in the red

area as shown in the

diagram.

USA regulations

•

 The ref ore, the lifting angle

of the ARDF must be
limited to within 40
degrees.

See the next slide for the next part of this story.

23

23

ARDF Accessibility Continued

 To limit the ADRF angle, these hinges will be available as

options or service parts.

24

24

Mainframe with No Options

 Duplex
 Bypass tray
 2x500-sheet trays
 500-sheet output tray
 8.5-inch W-VGA touch

panel

 Printer/Scanner
 1024MB Memory
 40GB HDD
 PCL5c/6, RPCS
 10/100 BaseTX
 USB2.0

This slide shows what you get with the base machine.
Note that the printer/scanner is standard.

25

25

Paper Handling Options

26

You can install up the following:

The platen cover or the ARDF

Shift tray or one of the three finishers (a finisher requires the bridge unit)

One-bin tray

The two-tray paper feed unit (also called a ‘paper bank’) or the LCT
Except for the booklet finisher, all the above items are the same as those used

with the B156, but with a different color for the cover.
The booklet finisher is a new item. The booklet mechanism is the same as in the

Euphrates booklet finisher for the B200.
The platen cover is like the one that is used with J-P2+CFE, J-C1 , B202 series.
The platen cover, two-tray feed unit, LCT, and bridge unit will also be used with

the AP-C1.

26

Fax Options

 Fax Option: New Item
 Optional G3 unit: New Item
 SAF memory (32MB): Same as B202 series/B156
 Handset: Same as B202 series/B156
 Fax Stamp Ink: Same as B079/B082, B202 series

27

27

Printer/Scanner Options

 PostScript3 option: New Item

Required to use the PDF Direct Print Function

•

 Wireless LAN (IEEE 802.11b): Same as B202 series, B156
 IEEE 1284: Same as B202 series, B156
 IEEE 1394: Same as B202 series, B156
 Bluetooth: Same as K-C2.5, PG-C1, MT-C3, B-C3, AP-C1
 USB Host: New, also used with PG-C1, MT-C3, B-C3

Required to attach IC card or PictBridge

•

 Media Link Board: New, also used with PG-C1, MT-C3, B-

C3

 Video Link Board : New, also used with MT-C3, B-C3

Required to connect the Fiery controller

•

 PictBridge: New

Enables direct printing from a digital camera

•

28

28

Security Options

 HDD Data Overwrite Security Unit: Also used with

B202 series, B156

 Copy Data Security Unit: Also used with

B079/B082, R-C4

29

29

Other Options

 Java VM Card: New Item, also used with MT-C3,

B-C3

 Web Browser Option (SDK): New Item
 Optional counter Interface: New Item

• This is a 20-pin interface. It is required when you attach a

key counter.

 Key Counter Bracket: Also used with B202 series

30

30

Reliability Targets

 Unit life (2 prints per job): 1200K or 5 years
 Average Copy Volume per month (copy + fax +

print):

• B230: 5K

• B237: 8K

 Max Copy Volume per month: 20K (Target Color

Ratio: 30%)

 PM cycle: 80K (Target Color Ratio: 30%)

31

31

Yield Targets

 Toner

• Cartridge Capacity

− Black: 450g /cartridge

− Cyan / Magenta / Yellow: 360g /cartridge

• Target Yield (LT, 5% coverage)

− Black: 20K outputs /cartridge

− Cyan / Magenta / Yellow: 15K outputs /cartridge

 Staples

• 5,000 staples per cartridge (all finishers)

32

The toner bottles are not compatible with other products.
The staple refill cartridges are compatible with those used in the U-C1, B156, and

B202 series.
The set staple cartridges are also compatible for the above models, except for the

booklet finisher. The cartridge for that finisher is not compatible.

32

Specifications

This presentation is the intellectual property of Ricoh University and may not be duplicate or distributed in any format.

Copyright ©2000-2005 Ricoh US Corporation. All Rights Reserved.

.

33

Original scanning:

Development:

Copy/Print Resolution:

Mainframe

Desk Top Configuration:
One-dimensional solid scanning

through CCD
Dry electrostatic transfer system Copy process:
Dry two-component magnetic brush

development system
Belt pressure system Fusing:
Sheet / Book / Object Original Type:
Max: 11”x17”(DLT) / A3 Original Size:
Less than 30mm (Less than 5kg) Thickness of Original:
600dpi / 256gradations Scan Resolution:
Copy: 600dpi /4bit,

Print: 600dpi/4bit, 2bit, 1bit
12”x18” / 297x432mm Max Printable Area:

34

34

Mainframe

Paper Weight:

Copy Speed B230
(ARDF 1to1)

B237

(Simplex to duplex)

st

(LT/A4 LEF/from 1

tray)

Standard Tray: 16-57lbs / 60-216 g/m
Bypass Tray: 16-57lbs / 60-216 g/m

Paper Bank: 16-67lbs / 60-253 g/m
Duplex Unit: 17 to 45lbs / 64 to 169 g/m

2
2

2

2

FC: 25cpm / BW: 25cpm (LT/A4 LEF)
OHP/Thick Paper(over105gsm): 16cpm (LT/A4 LEF,

FC/BW)

FC: 30cpm / BW: 30cpm (LT/A4 LEF)
OHP/Thick Paper(over105gsm): 16cpm (LT/A4 LEF,

FC/BW)

FC: 23cpm /BW: 23cpm(LT/A4 LEF) Copying Speed B230

FC: 28cpm /BW:28cpm(LT/A4 LEF) B237
FC:9.7sec. / BW: 6.7sec. 1stCopy Time :

Less than 45sec. Warm-up Time:

35

35

Mainframe

US model: 120V 60Hz Power Source:

Max. Power Consumption:

Machine Dimensions:
(Width x Depth x Height)

Counter:

US model: 1,440W
EU/Asia model: 1,500W (Full Configuration)

650 x 654 x 740mm (Standard)
670 x 698 x 1,000mm (with 2-Tray Paper
Bank)

Less than 120kg (with ARDF) Machine Weight:
US model:

Electronic counter & optional mechanical
counter

Other models:
Electronic counter

36

36

Thick Paper Productivity

Mode

Thin Paper

Plain Paper
Middle Thick

Paper
Thickness

2

(g/m

)

52-59

-81

-105

BK CPM

25

25
25

FC CPM Model

25B230

25
25

1616-169Thick Paper 1
1616-219Thick Paper 2
16 16 -253Thick Paper 3

303052-59Thin Paper B237

3030-81Plain Paper
3030-105Middle Thick
1616-169Thick Paper 1
1616-219Thick Paper 2

1616-253Thick Paper 3

37

37

Resolution

Fonts

Host Interface

Std.
Std.
Std.

Option
Max.

Std.

Option
Std.

Option

Printer

General Specification

RM7035C-600MHz CPU
1024MB (DDR SDRAM-DIMM(PC-2100)) RAM
40GB Hard Disk Drive
RPCS, PCL5c, PCL6 PDL
Adobe PostScript3
600 x 600 dpi / 4bit

(= 2400 dpi equivalent x 600 dpi )
PCL: 46 fonts (Truetype: 10 fonts, Intell: 35

fonts, Bitmapped: 1 font) + International fonts:
13 Intellifonts

PS3 : 136 Roman fonts
Ethernet (RJ-45 network port : 10Base-

T/100Base-TX), USB2.0
USB Host I/F(PictBridge), IEEE1284/ECP,

IEEE1394,
Wireless LAN (IEEE802.11b, WPA support),
Bluetooth

38

38

Printer

General Specification

Network Protocol

MIB support

Network/Operating
Systems

TCP/IP (IP v4, IP v6), IPX/SPX, SMB, Apple Talk
(Auto Switching)

Standard MIB (SMNP Printer MIB):
MIB-II(RFC1213), HostResource(RFC1514),
PrinterMib(RFC1759)

Private MIB: Ricoh Original

Windows 95/98SE/NT4.0/2000/Me/XP/Server 2003
Netware 3.12, 3.2, 4.1, 4.11, 5.0, 5.1, 6, 6.5

Unix; Sun Solaris, HP-UX, SCO OpenServer,

RedHat Linux, IBM AIX

Mac OS 8.6-9.2x, OS X 10.1 or later
SAP R/3, NDPS Gateway
IBM iSeries/ AS/400-using OS/400 Host Print

Transform

39

39

Scanner

General Specification

Resolution:

Scan Speed:

Network Interface:

Protocol:

Compression
Method:

100 / 200 / 300 / 400 / 600/1200* dpi
Default = 200dpi *only BW TWAIN

BW: 50pages/minute (A4/LET LEF / 200dpi )
FC: 50pages/minute (A4/LET LEF / 200dpi)

Main Scan: 297mm, Sub Scan: 432mm Scan Area:
Option (With Optional File Format Converter) sRGB Support:
Ethernet 10/100BaseTX, IEEE 1394/IP over,

Wireless LAN(802.11b)
Network: TCP/IP

Sending E-mail: SMTP, POP3
Scan to Folder: SMB, FTP, NCP

BW: TIFF (MH, MR, MMR)
Grayscale, Full color: JPEG

40

40

Scanner

General Specification

Scan Mode:

Image Density :

Standard:
BW Text, BW OCR, BW Text/Photo, BW Photo,
BW Grayscale, FC Photo, FC Text
Optional:
ACS (With Optional File Format Converter)

Auto Density Selection (Effective only in BW and
Grayscale scan mode)
Manual: 7 levels (Effective in BW/Grayscale and
FC scan mode)

YesImage Rotation:
Yes (Default = SADF)SADF / Batch Mode:
YesMixed Size Mode:

41

41

Products Comparison

B230/B237 B156 B202/B178

Configuration Desk Top Desk Top Desk Top

Dimension
(W x D x H)

Weight 120kg 85kg 120kg

Scan Resolution 600x600dpi 600x600dpi 600dpi

Copy/Print Resolution
(dpi)

Max Print Paper Size 12”x18” 12”x18” 12”x18”

Paper Weight 52-253g/m

Paper
Feeding
Capacity
(80g/m

2

)

Std 1100sheets 500sheets 1,100sheets

Max. 3,100sheets 2,600sheets 3,100sheets

650 x 654x 740
mm

Copy:600x600
Print:600x600

(4bit)

2

550 x 682 x
781mm

Copy:600x600
Print:600x600
(2bit)

64-163g/m
17-43 lbs

2

670 x 698 x
859mm

Copy: 600x600
Print:1200x1200
600x600 (2bit)

60-163g/m
16-43 lbs

2

42

42

Products Comparison

B230/b B156 B202/B178

Copy Speed
(A4/LT LEF)

1stCopy Speed BW 6.7sec.

Warm-up Time 45sec. 99sec. 99sec.
Multiple Copy 1-999 1 – 100 1 – 999
Duplex Standard Option *2 Standard
HDD Std. 40GB 40GB 80GB

Max. 40GB 40GB 80GB

Memory Std. 1,024MB 768MB 1,024MB

Max. 1,024MB 768MB 1,024MB

Booklet Finisher Yes No Yes

BW: 25/30cpm
FC: 25/30cpm

FC 9.7sec.

BW: 24/32cpm
FC: 10cpm

BW 7.8sec.
FC18.0sec.

BW: 28/35cpm
FC : 24/28cpm

BW 8.0sec.
FC10.0sec.

43

43

Installation

This presentation is the intellectual property of Ricoh University and may not be duplicate or distributed in any format.

Copyright ©2000-2005 R icoh US Corporation. All Rights Reserved.

44

Verify the following before installing the machine

and all its options:

 Environment
 Machine Level
 Space Requirements
 Power Requirements

Requirements:

Environment:

Installation Requirements

45

1. Temperature range: 10 degrees C to 32 degrees C (50 to 89.6F)

2. Humidity Range: 15% to 80% RH

3. Ambient Illumination: Less than 1500 lux

4. Ventilation: 3 times/hr/person or more

5. Do not install the machine in areas that are exposed to corrosive gas.

6. Install the machine at locations lower than 8,200 ft. above sea level

7. Install the machine on a strong, level base (no more than 5 mm inclination on
any side

Machine level:

Front to back: within 5mm or .2”
Right to left: within 5mm or .2”

Space Requirements (minimum):

Front: 30”
Back 3.9”
Left 3.9”
Right 20”

45

Important Safety Notices

 Observe all electrical safety standards

46

Power Requirements:
Input Voltage level: 120V, 60Hz. More than 12 Amps
Permissible voltage fluctuations:

+/-10%

46

Optional Unit Combinations

Machine Options

47

47

Optional Unit Combinations

Controller Options

48

48

Installation Sequence

Be sure to follow the installation flowchart in the service manual.

49

49

Accessory Check

 Check the contents of all boxes thoroughly
 Check the quantity and condition of the

accessory list

50

50

Inside the Front Door

51

51

Installation Steps

Remove the screw that locks the drum

positioning plate lever

Open the drum positioning plate

52

52

Installation Steps

Installing and removing toner bottles

53

53

Installation Steps

4 color PCUs/Dev Units

Installing and removing

PCUs/Dev Units

54

54

After Installation

 Plug in the power cord and turn on the main

switch

 Obtain a color original and verify the operation of

the machine and all it’s options and accessories

 Enter the User Tools mode and print a

Configuration page. Make sure all installed
options and accessories are listed in the ‘System
Reference” section of the Configuration Page

55

55

Machine Overview

This presentation is the intellectual property of Ricoh University and may not be duplicate or distributed in any format.

Copyright © 2000-2005 Ricoh US Corporation. All Rights Reserved.

56

1. Scanner HP sensor

2. ADF exposure glass

nd

3. 2

scanner (2ndcarriage)

Component Layout

Refer to Section 6.1.1 SM

57

4. Exposure glass

5. Original width sensor

6. Scanner Lamp

7. 1stscanner (1stcarriage)

8. Original length sensor

9. Lens Block

10.Sensor board unit (SBU)

11.Scanner motor

12.Fusing unit

13.Duplex unit

14.Paper transfer unit

15.Registration roller

16.By-pass feed table

17.Tray 2

18.Tray 1

19.Toner collection bottle

20.Laser optics housing unit

21.PCU (4 colors)

22.Image transfer Belt Cleaning Unit

23.Image Transfer Belt Unit

24.Toner bottles (4 colors)

25.Toner ID sensor

57

Machine Details

 Laser optics unit

• There are four lasers, and four sets of optics. One for

each color toner (KYCM). Each polygon mirror reflects
light from two LD units.

 PCU

• There are four PCU units, one for each color toner. It

includes the drum unit and development unit.

 Toner cartridges

• Toner is supplied from the cartridges to the development

units by a toner supply pump.

58

58

Machine Details continued

 Image transfer unit

• Bias rollers located opposite the OPC drums transfer

toner from the drums to the transfer belt. Four toner
images are super-imposed onto the belt.

 Paper transfer roller unit

• The ITB drive roller pushes the toner from the transfer

belt to the paper (the transfer roller is an idle roller).

 Fusing unit

• This is a belt-type fusing unit. A heating roller, not in the

paper feed path, heats a belt. Then the belt in turn, heats
the hot roller. This type of unit warms up the rollers faster
than a conventional two-roller system.

59

59

1. Original tray

Paper Path

2. Original exit tray

3. Duplex inverter

4. Duplex feed

5. By-pass tray feed

6. Tray 1 feed

7. Tray 2 feed

8. Tray 3: Optional paper feed unit/LCT

9. Tray 4: Optional paper feed unit

10. Finisher stapler (Optional)

11. Finisher punch (Optional)

12. Finisher lower tray (Optional)

13. Finisher proof tray (Optional)

14. Inner Tray

Refer to Section 6.1.2 SM

60

60

Drive Layout

Rear View

Refer to Section 6.1.3 SM

61

1. Scanner motor: Drives the scanner unit.

2. Drum drive motor-CMY: Drives the drums for magenta, cyan, and yellow.

3. ITB (Image Transfer Belt) contact motor:
Moves the ITB into contact and away from the color PCUs.

4. Toner transport motor: Drives the toner attraction pumps and the toner collection coils

from the PCUs, from the transfer belt unit, and inside the toner collection bottle. Also
rotates the toner bottles.

5. Development drive motor-CMY:
Drives the color development units (magenta/cyan/yellow).

6. Development clutch-K Turns on/off the drive power to the development unit-K.

7. Paper feed clutch Switches the drive power between the tray 1 and tray 2.

8. Paper feed motor: Drives the paper feed mechanisms (tray 1/tray 2/by-pass tray).

9. Drum/Development drive motor-K:
Drives the black drum and development unit.

10. Registration motor: Drives the registration roller.

11. Paper transfer contact motor Moves the paper transfer roller in contact with the transfer

belt.

12. ITB drive motor: Drives the transfer belt unit.

13. Fusing/paper exit motor: Drives the fusing unit and paper exit section.

61

Board Structure

BICU (Base Engine Control Unit):

62

The BICU controls all the mechanical components. The BICU has six CPUs. The
CPUs control the following functions:

• Engine sequence

• Engine operation

• Polygon motor control

• Image processing

Controller:

The controller connects to the BICU through a PCI bus. The controller handles the
following functions:

• Machine-to-host interface

• Operation panel interface

• Network interface

• Interfacing and control of the optional IEEE1284, Bluetooth, IEEE1394,
IEEE802.11b (wireless LAN), USB Host, HDD, and DRAM DIMM

LD Drive Board:

This is the laser diode drive circuit board.

SBU:

The Sensor Board Unit has a CCD (cha rge-coupled device) and an analog-to digital
conversion circuit.

Operation Panel Board:

Controls the display panel, the LED and the keypad.

Scanner I/O Board (SIO):

The scanner I/O board is a circuit board that transmits control signals, image data,
and electricity.

I/O Board (IOB)

Contains drivers for motors and other mechanical components.

Motherboard:

Connects the FCU board to the BICU. This board i s supplied with the optional fax
unit.

FCU:

The FCU (fax controller unit) controls the fax programs and communicates with the
controller to share copier resources.

62

Transfer

Belt

OPC

Drum

Printing Process

ITB Drive roller

Laser Optics Housing Unit

Transfer roller

63

1. A latent image is written to each OPC drum by the laser unit. There are 4 separate laser
beams, one for each color drum.

2. Each drum is charged with a negative charge using a charge roller.

3. When the laser beam hits the drum, it neutralizes the charge in the area where the beam
strikes the drum, creating a latent image.

4. Negatively charged toner (one color for each drum) is attracted to the discharged areas of
the drum (latent image) and develops a toner image on each drum.

5. The developed toner image (on each drum) is then transferred to the Image Transfer Belt
(ITB) to create a full color image on the surface of the ITB.

6. The full color image is again transferred from the surface of the ITB to a passing sheet of
paper. The image on the sheet of paper is then sent to the fusing unit to fuse the image
permanently to the paper.

63

SCANNER

This presentation is the intellectual property of Ricoh University and may not be duplicate or distributed in any format.

Copyright ©2000-2005 Ricoh US Corporation. All Rights Reserved.

In this section, the mechanical components of the scanner will be described.
The optional ADF is described in a separate section.

64

Optical Path

ADF Exposure
Glass

 One exposure lamp
 600 dpi color CCD
 Anti-condensation heater is optional
 No adjustments required in the field for the CCD and lens

block

Main Exposure
Glass

Exposure
Lamp

CCD

65

Outline the optical path.
In platen mode, the original is fed to the main exposure glass, and the scanner moves

down the original during scanning.
In ADF mode, the scanner stays at the home position, and the original is fed past the

ADF exposure glass.
The optics anti-condensation heater is an option. It prevents condensation on the

mirrors, which will cause image problems.

65

Scanner Drive

Scanner Motor

 Motor and wire drive mechanism

The same motor drives the first and second scanners.

The first scanner contains the exposure lamp, reflectors, the 1st mirror, and the
lamp regulator. The second scanner contains the 2nd and 3rd mirrors.

The regulator is mounted on the scanner to reduce the wiring between the lamp
and the regulator.

66

The second scanner moves at half the speed of the first scanner. This is to
maintain the focal distance between lens and original.

In this machine, wires are used instead of timing belts. These are more difficult to
replace, but copy quality is better (less jitter).

Note that the operation in ADF mode is different from platen mode (as shown on the
previous page).

The service manual explains how the motor speed and image processing control the
magnification.

66

APS sensors.

There are two width sensors and three length sensors. The service manual
shows where these sensors are located.

The CPU checks the sensors when the platen cover sensor detects that the
cover is being closed.

Original Size Detection

Platen Cover
Sensor

 Reflective photosensors detect the size.

67

If the cover stays open during copying, the CPU checks the sensors when the

Start key is pressed.
Make sure that you are familiar with the table of sensor output vs original size.
Make sure that you understand what happens when all sensors are off (such as when

A5 sideways is set - too small for the sensors to detect).

Use SP 4-303 this to select the machine’s behaviour if the sensors cannot

detect the size.
Use SP 5126 to control the size that is detected for the ‘F’ sizes, which are very similar

(8½ x" 13", 8¼" x 13", 8" x 13").

67

Image Processing

This presentation is the intellectual property of Ricoh University and may not be duplicate or distributed in any format.

Copyright © 2000-2005 Ricoh US Corporation. All Rights Reserved.

68

How the Image is Processed

 The CCD (Charged Coupled Device) generates

three analog video signals.

 The SBU (Sensor Board Unit) converts the

three analog signals to 10-bit digital signals. It
then sends these signals to the IPU (Image
Processing Unit).

 The IPU processes the image. Then the image

data (4 bits/pixel) is sent to the controller.

69

69

Overview

Operation Panel

LCD

8.5inch

SBU

CCD

Xenon

Lamp

INV

SIO

APS

AKS

CPU

RM7035

DDR

Securit y Unit

LVDS

CPU Path

SDR AM

Controller

ASIC

FM

Taurus

ASIC
Orion

CPU

eSOC

CPU

FLOC

ASIC

GASBU

AFE

Copy Dat a

BiCU

Scanner

STM

IOB

STM

STM
Driver

Opt iona

l Units

ARDF

HP Sens or

SOL&CL

Driver

Driver

Finisher

BANK/LCT

Shift Tray

Bridge Unit

ASIC

Trumpet

LOCAL P CI

ASIC

Shaker

RAPI6 4

ASIC

ASIC

Lupus

Strix

ASIC

GAVD

Type-W

FROM

SRAM

4MByte

512kByte

ASIC

ASIC

TRIO2

TRIO2

MT

CL&

Sensor

H.V. P. P

SOL

HDD

RiO3

Option

M ax.：3 Slot s

RAPI6 4

+5V, + 5VE, +12V, +24V
・to BiCU

AC Drive

Heater

FU sing

TH&Th.Pile

M o th e r B o ard

LDB

ASIC

PMAC- A

MT

PSU

・to IOB
・to SIO

G3

CCUIF

FCUIF

FCU

Expansion

S ynchronizing

Detection

MLB

Image

Data
CPU

Path

PCI

Path

70

70

 Signal processing

 A/D conversion
 White level correction
 Black level correction
 Others

More about the SBU

You need to adjust the following after you replace the SBU:

SP 4008. Scanner sub-scan magnification

How the SBU Processes the Signal

Signal Amplification

•

• Signal Composition

•

The SBU controller exchanges the R and B signals if the original
is scanned with the ARDF.

• The properties of the scanner unit, (necessary for controlling the

scanner VPU (video processing unit)), are stored in the NVRAM
on the controller.

• SBU test mode

71

SP 4010. Scanner leading edge registration
SP 4011. Scanner side-to-side registration

Output the VPU test pattern with SP 4907 to make sure the scanner VPU control
functions correctly. Look in the troubleshooting section if you need more details.

71

What happens in the IPU?

 Shading correction
 Picture element (Dot Position) correction
 Scan line correction
 Image separation
 Auto color select
 Scanner gamma correction
 Filtering
 Auto Image Density Selection
 Color conversion
 Main scan magnification
 Printer gamma correction
 IPU test mode

72

72

Printer Gamma Correction

K

 The gamma curves for C, M, Y, and K are not equal.
 If this causes copy quality problems, the user can do the ACC

procedure.

73

A gamma curve describes the relation between the image density of the original
and that of the copy. The relationship is not linear: doubling the ID of an original
does not double the ID of the copy.

The printer characteristics are much more variable than the scanner. Therefore,
the printer gamma needs recalibration and adjustment from time to time. This is
done using the ACC procedure.

Each color has separate gamma curves for photo mode and letter mode, and for
copier mode and printer mode.

The gamma curves for C, M, Y, and Bk toner should be identical, but they are not.
ACC (Auto color Calibration) can be used to correct for this if copy quality is

drifting too far. This is done by the customer.
If this does not work, you can do the printer gamma adjustment.

73

Printer Gamma Correction

 After ACC, you can adjust the gamma curve for

each color with SP 4909 to SP 4918. The
following four modes are available

•

ID Max, Shadow (high ID), Middle (middle ID),
Highlight (low ID).

74

A gamma curve describes the relation between the image density of the original
and that of the copy. The relationship is not linear: doubling the ID of an original
does not double the ID of the copy.

The printer characteristics are much more variable than the scanner. Therefore,
the printer gamma needs recalibration and adjustment from time to time. This is
done using the ACC procedure.

Each color has separate gamma curves for photo mode and letter mode, and for
copier mode and printer mode.

The gamma curves for C, M, Y, and Bk toner should be identical, but they are not.
ACC (Auto color Calibration) can be used to correct for this if copy quality is

drifting too far. This is done by the customer.
If this does not work, you can do the printer gamma adjustment.

74

LASER EXPOSURE

This presentation is the intellectual property of Ricoh University and may not be duplicate or distributed in any format.

Copyright © 2000-2005 Ricoh US Corporation. All Rights Reserved.

75

Overview

Polygon

 There is one laser b eam for each color.

Maximum resolution is 600 dpi

•

 Two polygon mirrors are attached to t h e same motor.

•

The upper mirror reflects

yellow and black.

yellow

• The lower mirror reflects magenta and cyan.

Mirrors

76

The optical components should be familiar to those who have worked on recent
models.

This diagram does not show the LD units . A more complete diagram of the optics is on
the next slide.

76

LD Units:
Y, C, K, M

Synch:
Y/C (End)

Optic Components

Synch:
K/M (Start)

Synch:
Y/C
(Start)

 Four LD units, one for each color.
 Four laser synchronization detector boards:

Two for each color (one at the front, one at the rear)

•

• Each board is used by 2 colors

Synch:
K/M (End)

77

The LD units (shown in the red circle) are Y, C, K, M from left to right in the diagram.
The lasers go immediately to the polygon mirrors.

Laser exposure for black and magenta starts from the rear side of the drum. But

for yellow and cyan it starts from the front side of the drum. This is because the

LD units for black and magenta are on the other side of the polygon mirror from

the units for yellow and cyan.
The four laser synch detector boards (shown in blue circles) will be explained in more

detail on the next slide.

77

Laser Synchronization Detectors

Synch:
Y/C (End)

Synch:
Y/C
(Start)

 Scanning start and end detection for each color.
 Each board handles two colors.

•

To determine which color beam hits the board, the machine checks the
timing.

Synch:
K/M (Start)

Synch:
K/M (End)

78

For magenta and black, the LSD at the rear detects the start of the main scan.
For yellow and cyan, the LSD at the front detects the start of the main scan.
With a detector at the start and at the end, it is possible to make sure that the number

of pulses for each color is the same. This reduces color registration errors in the main
scan direction.

To do this, the machine measures the number of clock pulses between start and end
detection.

If the number is not correct, the LD clock frequency is adjusted automatically.

If the board at the end position is defective, you must disable the detection

feature with SP2-186-1.

78

LD Safety Switches

IN T E R L O C K S W

Front D oor SW

and

Right Door SW

CN921-2

CN921-1

CN921-4
CN921-3

+5V

+24V

24VS2

IO B

Polygon

Moter

RELAY

24VS1

PSU

CN920

-10
CN920

-1
CN920

-5

SCRDY_N

+24V

GND

PMON
PMCLK

+5VS

+24V

GND

+5V

CN530-10

CN530-1

CN530-5

CN520-1

REG

REG

1.8V

3.3V

1.8V_PLL

BiCU

GAVD

Type-W

CN521-14

CN521-7

CN522-7

CN522-14

LD5V
GND

VIDEO DATA

APCEN_N

LDOFF
LDLVL

LDERR_N

LD5V
GND

VIDEO DATA
APCEN_N

LDOFF
LDLVL

LDERR_N

LD5V
GND

VIDEO DATA
APCEN_N

LDOFF
LDLVL

LDERR_N

LD5V
GND

VIDEO DATA
APCEN_N

LDOFF
LDLVL

LDERR_N

CN 2 -1 (K)

CN 2 -1 (M )

CN 2 -1 (C )

CN 2 -1 (Y)

+5V

P-MACA

+5V

P-MACA

+5V

P-MACA

+5V

P-MACA

LDB(K)

LDB(M)

LDB(Y)

LDB(D)

Make sure you understands how the cover switches cut the laser power.

L

P

D

D

L

P

D

D

L

P

D

D

L

P

D

D

79

The switches used are the front and right front door.
Have the class follow the circuit on the diagram.

79

Automatic Line Position Adjustment

CenterFront Rear

C
K

KK

Y

YY

M

MM

KC

CC

KY

KM

CC

KK

YY

MM

KC

KY

KM

KK

YY

MM

KC

CC

KY

KM

C
K
Y

M

 During automatic line position adjustment, the line patterns above

are created eight times on the transfer belt.

80

The spaces between the lines (YY, KK, CC, MM, KY, KC, KM) are measured by the
front, center, and rear ID sensors. The controller takes the average of the spaces.
Then it adjusts the following positions and magnification.

Sub scan line position for YCM
Main scan line position for KYCM
Magnification ratio for KYCM
Skew for YCM

The transfer belt-cleaning unit cleans the transfer belt after the patterns are

measured. SC 285 shows if an error is detected three times consecutively.
This will be covered in greater detail in the Troubleshooting training module.

What does K11, K12 etc mean on the diagram?

Don’t worry about this because you won’t see it again, but here are some examples
if you are interested.

K11: The distance between the straight line and the slanted line for K, in the
first pattern, at the front of the belt.

Y12: The distance between the straight line and the slanted line for Y, in the
first pattern, at the rear of the belt.

KY11: The distance between the straight line for K and the straight line for Y,
in the first pattern, at the front of the belt.

KC12: The distance between the straight line for K and the straight line for C,
in the first pattern, at the rear of the belt.

The last two numbers of each code are:

The first number refers to the pattern number (1 to 8)
The second number stands either for the front of the belt (1) or the rear (2)

80

More about the Adjustments

 Sub scan line position for YCM

•

The adjustment of the sub-scan line position for YCM is based on
the line position for K (color registration).

− The machine measures the gaps between the lines of each color in the pattern

on the transfer belt.

− If the gaps for a color are not correct, the machine moves the image of the

color up or down the sub scan axis.

− To do this, it changes the laser write timing for that color.

 Main scan line position for KYCM

•

If the machine detects that the image is out of position in the main
scan direction, it changes the laser write start timing for each scan
line.

 Magnification adjustment for KYCM

• If the machine detects that magnification adjustment is necessary, it

changes the LD clock frequency for the required color.

 Skew for YCM

• The adjustment of the skew for YCM is based on the line positionfor K.

81

81

Adjustment Conditions

 Line position adjustment timing depends on

several SP mode settings.

• The setting of SP2-193 determines the timing.

• MUSIC counter: SP3-510-005 and –006.

82

82

Main Scan Skew Correction

Y

 The WTLs for C, M, and Y each have a motor.
 The angle of each WTL can be adjusted by these motors.
 The angle of the WTL for black is not changed.

CM

WTL

WTL
Positioning
Motor

83

The WTL positioning motors for magenta, cyan, and yellow adjust the angle of the
WTLs for these three colors, based on the WTL position for black.

83

Shutter

Shutter
ClosedShutter

Open

 The shutter stops dust and toner from entering the laser optics unit.
 The shutter opens when the polygon motor starts, and closes after

the polygon motor stops.

 The motor moves the shutter through a cam.
 Two sensors detect when the shutter is open and closed.

Cam

Shutter
Motor

84

This mechanism makes sure that the shutter is only open when the laser is writing. At
all other times, the shutter is closed, to stop dust and toner getting in.

84

Service Remarks

 SWITCH THE POWER OFF AND UNPLUG THE

POWER CORD BEFORE STARTING WORK ON
THE LASER UNIT

 Do not loosen the LD board securing screws.
 Do not adjust any of the VRs.
 Do not open the optical housing unit except

servicing.

 Do not touch the faces of the polygon mirrors.
 To avoid damage to the polygon motor, switch the

machine off and wait 3 minutes to allow the motor
to stop rotating before removing it.

85

85

PCU

This presentation is the intellectual property of Ricoh University and may not be duplicate or distributed in any format.

Copyright © 2000-2005 Ricoh US Corporation. All Rights Reserved.

86

Overview

Drum

Image Transfer
Roller

Cleaning
Blade

Cleaning
Brush

Development
Roller

Lubricant
Application
Blade

Charge Roller

 One PCU for each color (Magenta, Cyan, Yellow and Black).

Each PCU has the same components, but they are not interchangeable

•

(you cannot use a PCU for yellow in the cyan position, for example).

 Four colors are developed at the same time.

87

This shows the most important components of the PCU.
The image transfer roller pulls the toner off the PCU and onto the transfer belt.

87

Drum Drive - K

Drum Gear Position
Sensor - K

Drum/Development
Drive Motor - K

 The Drum Drive motor K also drives the development unit for K.
 The drum gear position sensor detects when the motor is not

working.

It also ensures that the drum gear is at the correct position when printing

•

starts.

• This prevents variations in print quality.

88

88

Drum Drive - CMY

Drum Drive
Motor - CMY

Drum Gear Position
Sensor - CMY

 This motor drives three PCUs.

It does not drive the development units.

•

 The drum gear position sensor detects when the motor is not

working.

•

It also makes sure that the drum gear is at the correct angle when printing
starts.

89

The function of the gear position sensor is similar to the sensor for black.
The motor drives all three color drums. This reduces color alignment errors.
The two gear position sensors (K, CMY) work together. Both gears must be at home

position at the start of the job. If there is an error, the position of the black gear is
corrected to match the position of the CMY gear.

The mechanism is initialized after every 30 jobs.

89

Charge Roller

Drum

Charge
Roller

Charge Roller
Cleaning Roller

 The roller does not contact t h e drum (Non-contact type).

There is a very small gap between roller and drum.

 The cleaning roller is always in contacts the charge roller.

90

90

Charge Roller Voltage

 The charge roller charges the drum surface a negative charge.
 An ac voltage is also applied to the charge roller, at a constant

current.

• The ac voltage helps to ensure that the charge given to the drum is as

uniform as possible.

 The high voltage supply board - C.B, at the rear of the machine,

supplies the ac and dc to the charge roller.

 The machine automatically controls the charge roller voltage if

automatic process control is enabled (this occurs if SP3-041-1 is
set to "CONTROL").

 However, if process control is switched off, (SP3-041-1 set to

"FIXED"), the dc voltage is the value stored in SP2-001-1 to -12

(do not adjust in the field unless advised to do so).

91

91

Quenching

 The laser exposes all areas of the drum at the end

of each job.

 This removes any charges remaining on the

drum.

92

92

Drum Cleaning

Lubricant
Application

Cleaning
Blade

Blade

Cleaning
Roller

 The cleaning blade removes any remaining toner from the drum.

This toner falls onto a collection coil, and is discarded.

•

 The cleaning roller applies lubricant to the drum.
 The lubricant application blade makes sure that the lubricant is

applied evenly.

The toner collection mechanism from the PCU is on the next slide.

93

93

Waste Toner Transport from PCU

Gears

Auger

To the Waste Toner
Collection Bottle

 The gears at the end of the drum drives the to ner collection

auger.

94

The waste toner collection bottle and collection mechanism is described in a later
section.

94

Development

Mixing
Augers

Development
Roller

Filter

TD Sensor

 Dual component developer
 TD sensor in each

development unit

•

The TD sensor has a chip that
contains information about the
development unit.

95

The filter makes sure that pressure does not build up inside the development unit.

95

Development Drive - K

Development
Clutch

Drum/Development
Drive Motor - K

 The drum/development drive motor drives the K development

unit.

•

This motor also drives the K drum, so a clutch is necessary.

96

96

Development Drive - CMY

Development
Drive Motor - CMY

 This motor drives the C, M, and Y development units.

97

97

Developer Agitation

Mixing
Augers

 Two augers circulate the toner in the development unit.

Development
Roller

98

This diagram shows how the augers move the toner around inside the development
unit.

98

New Unit Detection

 The TD sensor has an ID chip. This chip tells the

machine if the PCU is new or not.

 When the machine detects a new PCU, the

machine automatically does the following:

• PM counter clear for items related to the PCU

• Developer initialization

• Charge roller voltage control

• Process control

• Line position adjustment

 If the PM counter is not reset automatically, you

must reset these SPs:

• 3-902-1 to -12

99

99

Process Control

This presentation is the intellectual property of Ricoh University and may not be duplicate or distributed in any format.

Copyright ©2000-2005 Ricoh US Corporation. All Rights Reserved.

100