The RT8055 is a high efficiency synchronous, step-down
DC/DC converter. Its input voltage range is from 2.6V to
5.5V and provides a n adjustable regulated output voltage
from 0.8V to 5V while delivering up to 3A of output current.
The internal synchronous low on-resistance power
switches increase efficiency and eliminate the need for
an exter
set by an external resistor . The 100% duty cycle provides
low dropout operation extending battery life in portable
systems. Current mode operation with external
compensation allows the transient response to be
optimized over a wide range of loa ds and output ca pacitors.
The RT8055 is operated in forced continuous PWM Mode
which minimizes ripple voltage a nd reduces the noise and
RF interference.
The RT8055 is available in the WDFN-10L 3x3 and
SOP-8 (Exposed Pad) packages.
nal Schottky diode. The switching frequency is
Features
zz
High Efficiency : Up to 95%
z
zz
zz
z Low R
zz
zz
z Programmable Frequency : 300kHz to 2MHz
zz
zz
z No Schottky Diode Required
zz
zz
z 0.8V Reference Voltage Allows for Low Output
zz
Internal Switches : 100m
DS(ON)
ΩΩ
Ω
ΩΩ
Voltage
zz
z Forced Continuous Mode Operation
zz
zz
z 100% Duty Cycle Operation
zz
zz
z Input Over Voltage Protection
zz
zz
z RoHS Compliant and Halogen Free
zz
Applications
z Portable Instruments
z Battery-Powered Equipment
z Notebook Computers
z Distributed Power Systems
z IP Phones
z Digital Camera s
z 3G/3.5G Data Card
6, 7 5 PVDD Powe r Supp ly Input. D eco upl e this pin to P G ND with a cap aci tor .
8 6 VDD
9 7 FB
10 8 COMP
Pin Name Pin Function
Shutdown Control or Frequency Setting Input. Connect a
resistor to ground from this pin sets the switching frequency.
Force t hi s pin to V
or GND caus es the dev ice to be shu t dow n.
DD
Signal Ground. All small-signal components and compensation
com pon ent s sh ou ld b e co nn ect ed t o th is g ro und , wh ich in t urn
GND
connects to PGND at one point. The exposed pad must be
soldered to a large PCB and connected to GND for maximum
power dissipation.
Internal Power MOSFET Switches Output. Connect this pin to
the inductor.
Powe r Ground. Conne ct this pin cl ose to the neg ativ e termin al of
C
and C
IN
OUT
.
Signal Supply Input. Dec ouple this pin to GND with a capac itor.
Generally, V
is equal to PVDD.
DD
Feedback Pin. This pin receives the feedback voltage from a
resistive d ivider connected acr oss the output.
Error Amplifier Compensation Point. The current comparator
threshold increases with this control voltage. Connect external
compens ation elem ents to this pin to stabilize the control loop.
Function Block Diagram
SD
COMP
0.8V
FB
EA
Internal Soft Star
POR
VDD
SHDN/RT
Output
Clamp
0.7V
0.4V
OSC
Slope
Comp.
Control
Logic
OTP
VREF
ISEN
OC
Limit
Driver
NISEN
N-MOSFET I
PVDD
LX
PGND
LIM
GND
Copyright 2012 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation.
z Supply Input V oltage, V DD, PV DD ----------------------------------------------------------------------------−0.3V to 6.5V
z LX Pin Switch Voltage --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------−0.3V to (PVDD + 0.3V)
<10ns ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------−5V to 8.5V
z Other I/O Pin Voltages -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------−0.3V to 6.5V
z LX Pin Switch Current -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4A
z Power Dissipation, P
W D FN-10L 3x3-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1.667W
z Junction T emperature---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------150°C
z Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec.)-----------------------------------------------------------------------260°C
z Storage T emperature Range ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------−65°C to 150°C
z ESD Susceptibility (Note 3)
HBM (Human Body Model)--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2kV
@ TA = 25°C
D
Recommended Operating Conditions (Note 4)
z Supply Input V oltage----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2.6V to 5.5V
z Junction T emperature Range------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
z Ambient T emperature Range------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
−40°C to 125°C
−40°C to 85°C
Electrical Characteristics
(V
= 3.3V, T
DD
Input Voltage Range VDD 2.6 -- 5.5 V
Feedback Reference Voltage V
Feedback Leakage Current IFB V
DC Bias Current
Output Voltage Line Regulation ΔV
Output Voltage Load Regulation ΔV
Error Amplifier
Transconductance
= 25°C, unless otherwise specified)
A
Parameter Symbol Test Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
0.784 0.8 0.816 V
REF
= 3.3V -- -- 0.1 μA
FB
Active , VFB = 0.7V, Not Switchin g -- 500 - - μA
Shutdown -- -- 1 μA
VIN = 2.6V to 5.5V -- 0.1 -- %/V
LINE
LOAD
= 5V, V
V
IN
I
= 0A to 3A
OUT
= 3.3V,
OUT
-- 0.4 -- %
gm -- 400 -- μA/V
Current Sense Transresistance RS -- 0.4 -- Ω
RT Leakage Current SHDN/RT = VIN = 5.5V -- -- 1 μA
Copyright 2012 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation.
Switch On Resistance, High R
Switch On Resistance, Low R
Peak Current Limit I
Under Voltage Lockout
Threshold (Note 5)
Shutdown Threshold V
Note 1. Stresses beyond those listed “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are
stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in
the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions may
affect device reliability.
Note 2. θ
Note 3. Devices are ESD sensitive. Handling precaution is recommended.
Note 4. The device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating conditions.
Note 5. Guaranteed by design.
is measured at T
JA
measured at the exposed pad of the package.
DS(ON)_P ISW
DS(ON)_N ISW
3.5 -- -- A
LIM
V
V
V
SHDN
= 25°C on a high effective thermal conductivity four-layer test board per JEDEC 51-7. θJC is
A
= 0.3A -- 100 160 mΩ
= 0.3A -- 100 170 mΩ
Rising @Full Temperature 2.33 2.4 2.57
DD
Falling @Full Temperature 1.98 2.2 2.37
DD
Rising -- VIN − 0.85 VIN − 0. 4 V
SHDN
V
Copyright 2012 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation.
The basic R T8055 application circuit is shown in Typical
Application Circuit. External component selection is
determined by the maximum load current a nd begins with
the selection of the inductor value and operating frequency
followed by CIN and C
OUT
.
Output Voltage Setting
The output voltage is set by an external resistive divider
according to the f ollowing equation :
R1
⎞
+×=
1VV
⎟
R2
⎠
where V
⎛
⎜
REFOUT
⎝
equals to 0.8V typical.
REF
The resistive divider allows the FB pin to sense a fraction
of the output voltage as shown in Figure 1.
V
OUT
R1
FB
RT8055
GND
R2
Figure 1. Setting the Output Voltage
Soft-Start
The RT8055 contains an internal soft-start clamp that
gradually raises the cla mp on the COMP pin.
Operating Frequency
3.0
2.5
RRT = 180k for 1.8MHz
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
Switching Frequency (MHz) 1
0.0
02004006008001000
R
(K )
R
(kΩ)
OSC
OSC
Figure 2
100% Duty Cycle Operation
When the input supply voltage decrea ses toward the output
voltage, the duty cycle increases toward the maximum
on-time. Further reduction of the supply voltage forces
the main switch to remain on for more than one cycle
eventually reaching 100% duty cycle.
The output voltage will then be determined by the input
voltage minus the voltage drop across the internal
P-MOSFET and the inductor .
Selection of the operating frequency is a tradeoff between
efficiency and component size. High frequency operation
allows the use of smaller inductor and capacitor values.
Operation at lower frequency improves efficiency by
reducing internal gate charge and switching losses but
requires larger inductance a nd/or capa cita nce to maintain
low output ripple voltage.
The operating frequency of the RT8055 is determined by
Low Supply Operation
The RT8055 is designed to operate down to an input supply
voltage of 2.6V . One importa nt consideration at low input
supply voltages is that the R
of the P-Channel a nd
DS(ON)
N-Channel power switches increases. The user should
calculate the power dissipation when the RT8055 is used
at 100% duty cycle with low input voltages to ensure that
thermal limits are not exceeded.
an external resistor that is connected between the SHDN/
RT pin a nd GND. The value of the resistor sets the ra m p
current that is used to charge and discharge an internal
timing ca pacitor within the oscillator . The RT resistor value
can be determined by examining the frequency vs. R
RT
curve. Although frequencies a s high a s 2MHz are possible,
the minimum on-time of the RT8055 imposes a minimum
limit on the operating duty cycle. The minimum on-time
is typically 110ns. Therefore, the minimum duty cycle is
equal to 100 x 1 10n s x f (Hz).
Copyright 2012 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation.
Slope compensation provides stability in constant
frequency architectures by preventing sub-harmonic
oscillations at duty cycles greater than 50%. It is
accomplished internally by a dding a compensating ra mp
to the inductor current signal. Normally, the maximum
inductor peak current is reduced when slope compensation
is added. In the RT8055, however, separated inductor
current signals are used to monitor over current condition.
9
RT8055
This keeps the maximum output current relatively constant
regardless of duty cycle.
Short Circuit Protection
When the output is shorted to ground, the inductor current
decays very slowly during a single switching cycle. A
current runaway detector is used to monitor inductor
current. As current increa sing beyond the control of current
loop, switching cycles will be skipped to prevent current
runaway from occurring.
Inductor Selection
The inductor value and operating frequency determine the
ripple current according to a specific input and output
voltage. The ripple current ΔI
increases with higher V
L
and decrea ses with higher inducta nce.
VV
⎡⎤⎡⎤
OUTOUT
I =1
Δ×−
L
⎢⎥⎢⎥
fLV
×
⎣⎦⎣⎦
IN
Having a lower ripple current reduces not only the ESR
losses in the output capa citors but also the output voltage
ripple. However , it requires a large inductor to achieve this
goal.
For the ripple current selection, the value of ΔI
= 0.4(I
L
MAX
will be a reasonable starting point. The largest ripple
current occurs at the highest VIN. To guarantee that the
ripple current stays below the specified maximum, the
inductor value should be chosen according to the following
equation :
⎡⎤⎡ ⎤
VV
L =1
OUTOUT
⎢⎥⎢ ⎥
fIV
×Δ
L(MAX)IN(MAX)
⎣⎦⎣ ⎦
×−
The inductor's current rating (caused a 40°C temperature
rising from 25°C ambient) should be greater than the
maximum load current and its saturation current should
be greater than the short circuit pea k current li mit.
This formula has a maximum at VIN = 2V
I
RMS
= I
/2. This simple worst-case condition is
OUT
commonly used for design because even significant
deviations do not offer much relief. Choose a capacitor
rated at a higher temperature than required.
Several cap acitors may also be paralleled to meet size or
height requirements in the design.
The selection of C
is determined by the effective series
OUT
resistance (ESR) that is required to mini mize voltage ripple
and load step transients, as well as the amount of bulk
capacitance that is necessary to ensure that the control
loop is stable. Loop stability can be checked by viewing
the load transient re sponse as described in a later section.
The output ripple, ΔV
IN
⎡
ESRIV
LOUT
⎢
⎣
, is determined by :
OUT
⎤
1
+Δ≤Δ
8fC
OUT
⎥
⎦
The output ripple is highest at maximum input voltage
since ΔIL increa ses with input voltage. Multiple ca pacitors
placed in parallel may be needed to meet the ESR and
RMS current handling requirements. Dry tantalum, special
polymer, aluminum electrolytic a nd cera mic capa citors are
all available in surface mount pa ckages. Speci al polymer
)
ca pacitors offer very low ESR but have lower ca pa citance
density than other types. Tantalum capacitors have the
highest capacitance density but it is important to only
use types that have been surge tested for use in switching
power supplies. Aluminum electrolytic capacitors have
significantly higher ESR but ca n be used in cost-sensitive
application s provided that consideration is given to ripple
current ratings and long term relia bility. Cera mic ca pacitors
have excellent low ESR characteristics but can have a
high voltage coefficient and audible piezoelectric ef fects.
The high Q of ceramic capacitors with trace inductance
can also lead to signif ica nt ringing.
OUT
, where
CIN and C
The input capacitance, CIN, is needed to filter the
trapezoidal current at the source of the top MOSFET. To
prevent large ripple voltage, a low ESR input capacitor
sized for the maximum RMS current should be used. RMS
current is given by :
Copyright 2012 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation.
Higher values, lower cost ceramic capacitors are now
becoming available in smaller ca se sizes. Their high ripple
current, high voltage rating and low ESR ma ke them ideal
for switching regulator a pplications. However , care must
be taken when these ca pacitors are used at the in put and
1
−=
output. When a ceramic capacitor is used at the input
DS8055-05 November 2012www.richtek.com
RT8055
and the power is supplied by a wall ad a pter through long
wires, a load step at the output can induce ringing at the
input, VDD. At best, this ringing can couple to the output
and be mistaken as loop instability. At worst, a sudden
inrush of current through the long wires can potentially
cause a voltage spike at VIN large enough to damage the
part.
Thermal Considerations
For continuous operation, do not exceed absolute
maximum junction temperature. The maximum power
dissipation depends on the thermal resistance of the IC
package, PCB layout, rate of surrounding airflow, and
difference between junction and a mbient temperature. The
maximum power dissipation can be calculated by the
following formula :
P
where T
the ambient temperature, a nd θ
D(MAX)
= (T
J(MAX)
− TA) / θ
J(MAX)
JA
is the maximum junction temperature, TA is
is the junction to ambient
JA
thermal resistance.
For recommended operating condition specifications, the
maximum junction temperature is 125°C. The junction to
a mbient thermal resistance, θJA, is layout dependent. For
SOP-8 (Exposed Pad) pack ages, the thermal resistance,
θ
, is 75°C/W on a standard JEDEC 51-7 four-layer
JA
thermal test board. For WDFN-10L 3x3 packages, the
thermal resistance, θJA, is 70°C/W on a standard JEDEC
51-7 four-layer thermal test board. The maximum power
dissipation at TA = 25°C can be calculated by the following
formula s :
P
= (125°C − 25°C) / (75°C/W) = 1.333W for
D(MAX)
SOP-8 (Exposed Pad) package
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
Maximum Power Dissipation (W)
0.1
0.0
SOP-8 (Exposed Pad)
0255075100125
WDFN-10L 3x3
Four-Layer PCB
Ambient Temperature ( °C)
Figure 3. Derating Curve of Maxi mum Power Dissi pation
Layout Considerations
Follow the PCB layout guidelines for optimal performa nce
of RT8055.
` A ground pla ne is recommended. If a ground plane layer
is not used, the signal and power grounds should be
segregated with all small-signal components returning
to the GND pin at one point that is then connected to
the PGND pin close to the IC. The exposed pad should
be connected to GND.
` Connect the terminal of the input capacitor(s), C
IN
, as
close as possible to the PVDD pin. This capacitor
provides the AC current into the internal power
MOSFETs.
` LX node is with high frequency voltage swing and should
be kept within small area. Keep all sensitive small-signal
nodes away from the LX node to prevent stray capa citive
noise pick-up.
P
W DF N-10L 3x3 pa ckage
The maximum power dissipation depends on the operating
ambient temperature for fixed T
resistance, θJA. The derating curves in Figure 3 allow the
designer to see the effect of rising ambient temperature
on the maximum power dissipation.
= (125°C − 25°C) / (70°C/W) = 1.429W for
D(MAX)
and thermal
J(MAX)
` Flood all unused areas on all layers with copper.
Flooding with copper will reduce the temperature rise
of powercomponents.
Y ou can connect the copper area s to a ny DC net (PV DD,
V DD, VOUT, PGND, GND, or any other DC rail in your
system).
` Connect the FB pin directly to the feedback resistors.
The resistor divider must be connected between V
OUT
and GND.
Copyright 2012 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation.
Richtek products are sold by description only. Richtek reserves the right to change the circuitry and/or specifications without notice at any time. Customers should
obtain the latest relevant information and data sheets before placing orders and should verify that such information is current and complete. Richtek cannot
assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Richtek product. Information furnished by Richtek is believed to be
accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Richtek or its subsidiaries for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third
parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Richtek or its subsidiaries.
DS8055-05 November 2012www.richtek.com
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