III-2. Save Settings .......................................................................................................................... 30
III-3. Main Menu .............................................................................................................................. 31
III-3-1. Status ...................................................................................................................................... 31
III-3-3. LAN .......................................................................................................................................... 33
III-3-6-2. Time Zone ............................................................................................................................... 53
IV. Appendix ....................................................................................................................... 57
IV-1. Configuring your IP address ................................................................................................. 57
IV-1-1. How to check that your computer uses a dynamic IP address .......................................... 58
IV-1-1-1. Windows 7 .............................................................................................................................. 58
IV-1-1-2. Windows 8.1 & 10 .................................................................................................................. 61
IV-1-1-3. Mac OS .................................................................................................................................... 64
IV-1-2. How to modify the IP address of your computer ................................................................ 66
IV-1-2-1. Windows 7 ............................................................................................................................ 66
IV-1-2-2. Windows 8.1 & 10 ................................................................................................................ 70
IV-1-2-3. Mac ........................................................................................................................................ 73
IV-2. Connecting to a Wi-Fi network .............................................................................................. 75
- Computer with 802.11/b/g/n/a/ac Wi-Fi adapter, and web browser for software
configuration (Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, Firefox, Opera or Safari latest
version)
- Smartphone setup: iOS 6 or Android 4.x and above
1
I-3. LED Status
LED
Color
Status
Description
Signal
5GHz
Blue
On
Excellent location.
Signal strength: 60 – 80%
Slow
Flashing
Good location.
Signal strength: 40 – 60% & 80 - 100%
Quick
Flashing
Poor location.
Signal strength: Below 40%
Off
No signal detected.
Signal
2.4GHz
Blue
On
Excellent location.
Signal strength: 60 – 80%
Slow
Flashing
Good location.
Signal strength: 40 – 60% & 80 - 100%
Quick
Flashing
Poor location.
Signal strength: Below 40%
Off
No signal detected.
Cross
Band
Green
On
Cross band enabled.
Off
Cross band disabled.
Power
Green
On
Extender is on.
Flashing
Resetting to factory default settings, or system is
booting up.
Off
Extender is off.
WPS
Green
On
WPS connection established (LED will remain on for 30
seconds to indicate a successful connection).
Flashing
WPS in progress (waiting for another WPS device).
Off
No WPS in progress.
LAN
Green
On
LAN port connected.
Flashing
LAN activity (transferring or receiving data).
Off
LAN port not connected.
All LEDs are disabled in green mode. The best signal strength is 60 – 80%
since above 80% is likely too close to your router for the extender to be
effective.
2
I-4. Switch
Mode
Switch Position
Description
Normal
Top
100% Wi-Fi power
Green Mode
Middle
50% Wi-Fi power
Sleep Mode
Bottom
Wi-Fi & LEDs off
The EW-7476RPC includes a hardware switch on the underside of
the device which can switch between normal, green mode and
sleep mode as shown in the table below. “Wi-Fi power” refers to
the strength of the extender’s wireless radio signal (Tx).
If you are using the extender in a small or medium sized space,
you may not need the full power of the wireless radio. Try it, and
determine if you still have sufficient Wi-Fi coverage using green mode. If so, you can save
some energy.
Tx power can also be adjusted using the web-based U.I.
(Administration Wireless). Set the switch to “Normal”
before adjusting the Tx value in the web-based U.I.
3
I-5. WPS Setup
If your wireless router/access point supports WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) then you can
use this method to setup your wireless extender.
1. Press the WPS button on your wireless
router/access point to activate its WPS.
Please check the instructions for
your wireless router/access point for
how long you need to hold down its
WPS button.
2. Within two minutes, press and hold the WPS
button on the wireless extender for two seconds.
The extender’s green WPS LED should flash to
indicate that WPS is in progress.
3. The devices will establish a connection. The extender’s green WPS LED should display
on for 30 seconds to indicate a successful connection.
I-6. WPS Button with Wireless Scheduling
When a wireless schedule is in operation so that 2.4GHz is active and 5GHz is off, the WPS
button’s primary function is to activate the 5GHz network.
Press the WPS button once to activate/wake the 5GHz network.
Following this, the WPS button functions normally as described above in WPS Setup.
4
I-7. Reset to Factory Default Settings
If you experience problems with your extender or if
you want to change the extender to a different
operating mode, you can reset the device back to its
factory settings. This resets all settings back to
default.
1. Press and hold the WPS button for at least 10
seconds and release when the green power LED is
flashing.
2. Wait for the extender to restart. The extender is
ready for setup when the green power LED
displays on.
5
I-8. Safety Information
In order to ensure the safe operation of the device and its users, please read and act in
accordance with the following safety instructions.
1. The device is designed for indoor use only; do not place it outdoors.
2. Do not place the device in or near hot/humid places, such as a kitchen or bathroom.
3. Do not pull any connected cable with force; carefully disconnect it from the
EW-7476RPC.
4. Handle the device with care. Accidental damage will void the warranty of the device.
5. The device contains small parts which are a danger to small children under 3 years old.
Please keep the device out of reach of children.
6. Do not place the device on paper, cloth, or other flammable materials. The device may
become hot during use.
7. There are no user-serviceable parts inside the device. If you experience problems with
the device, please contact your dealer of purchase and ask for help.
8. The device is an electrical device and as such, if it becomes wet for any reason, do not
attempt to touch it without switching the power supply off. Contact an experienced
electrical technician for further help.
9. If you smell burning or see smoke coming from the EW-7476RPC then unplug the device
immediately, as far as it is safely possible to do so. Call your dealer of purchase for help.
6
II. Installation
Wi-Fi Extender
The device connects wirelessly to your existing network and
repeats the wireless signal.
Location: The best location for your extender is roughly in
the middle between your existing wireless router/access
point and the dead zone. The extender needs to receive a
good Wi-Fi signal from your router/access point.
Wi-Fi Bridge
(Wi-Fi Adapter)
The device connects to an Ethernet device such as a games
console or smart TV via Ethernet cable and provides wireless
Internet access for that device.
Location: Within Wi-Fi coverage, close to your wired network
device.
Wi-Fi Access
Point
The device connects to an existing router via Ethernet cable
and provides wireless Internet access for your network
devices.
Location: Connected to your router via Ethernet cable.
The EW-7476RPC has three different operating modes:
1. Plug the EW-7476RPC into a power socket.
7
2. The green power LED will flash while the extender is starting up. The device is ready
when the green power LED displays on.
3. Use a Wi-Fi device to connect to the SSID renkforceEXT_2.4G_** or renkforceEXT_5G_
**. The last two ** characters are unique according to your device.
If you are using a computer, please disconnect any Ethernet
cables.
4. Open a web browser and if you do not automatically arrive at the “Get Started” screen
shown below, enter the URL
setup process.
http://renkforce.setup
and click “Get Started” to begin the
8
If you cannot access http://renkforce.setup, please make sure
your computer is set to use a dynamic IP address. For more
information please refer to Appendix.
5. To use a different operating mode, click “Change to a Different Mode”. Or select “Yes,
I need a Range Extender” to continue setup as a Wi-Fi extender.
9
6. Follow the on-screen instructions for your selected mode to complete setup. You can
configure the product for 2.4 GHz and/or 5GHz Wi-Fi. Refer to the appropriate chapter
for each mode below if you need more help.
7.
For more advanced configurations, use the browser based configuration interface at
http://renkforce.setup
10
II-1. Wi-Fi Extender Mode
1. Please ensure your EW-7476RPC is within Wi-Fi range of your existing wireless
router. Click “Next” to continue.
2. Select whether to use the 5GHz wireless frequency, 2.4GHz wireless frequency or
both. If you are not sure, select both and then click “Next”.
11
3. Select whether to enable Cross Band technology. This can help to maintain your
router’s maximum speed capacity as the Wi-Fi signal is extended.
4. Select the Wi-Fi network name (SSID) which you wish to connect to for the specified
frequency and click “Next” to continue.
If the Wi-Fi network you wish to connect to does not appear,
try clicking “Refresh”.
12
To connect to a hidden SSID, check the “Setup extender
manually” box and enter the details manually on the next
page, as shown below.
5. Enter your existing wireless network’s security key/password in the “Security Key”
field and click “Next” to continue.
Device SSID will be the SSID of your extender’s Wi-Fi. If using
cross-band technology this will be 5GHz Wi-Fi for your
router’s 2.4GHz signal and vice versa.
13
6. Wait a moment while the EW-7476RPC tests the wireless connection and hit next.
7. Select “Obtain an IP address automatically” or “Use the following IP address” for
your EW-7476RPC. If you are using a static IP, enter the IP address, subnet mask and
default gateway. Click “Next” to proceed to the next step.
“Obtain an IP address automatically” is the recommended
setting for most users. The IP address will be displayed in
brackets.
14
8. If you selected to use both 2.4GHz and 5GHz wireless frequencies in step 2, then
repeat steps 4 – 7 for the 5GHz wireless frequency.
9. A summary of your configuration will be displayed, as shown below. Check that all
of the details are correct and then click “Next” to proceed.
The device will use the same wireless password/security key
as the existing wireless network.
15
If you wish to backup the EW-7476RPC’s settings, click
“Backup this configuration” to save your current
configuration to a .txt file.
10. Please wait a moment until the EW-7476RPC is ready.
11. A final congratulations screen will indicate that setup is complete. You
can now connect to the device’s new SSID(s) which are shown on the
screen then close the browser window.
16
12. The EW-7476RPC is working and ready for use. Refer to V-2. Connecting to a Wi-Fi
network if you require more guidance.
17
II-2. Access Point Mode
1. Select “Access Point” from the top menu and click “Next”.
2. Connect the network port of your EW-7476RPC to the LAN port of your existing
router using an Ethernet cable, then click “Next”.
18
3. Select whether to use the 5GHz wireless frequency, 2.4GHz wireless frequency or both.
If you are not sure, select both.
4. Select “Obtain an IP address automatically” or “Use the following IP address” for
your EW-7476RPC. If you are using a static IP, enter the IP address, subnet mask and
default gateway. Click “Next” to proceed to the next step.
“Obtain an IP address automatically” is the recommended
setting for most users. For more guidance on static IP
addresses, please refer to V-1. Configuring your IP address.
19
5. Enter a name and password for your 2.4GHz & 5GHz wireless networks, then click
“Next” to continue.
6. A summary of your configuration will be displayed, as shown below. Check that all of
the details are correct and then click “Next” to proceed.
If you wish to backup the device’s settings, click “Backup this
configuration” to save your current configuration to a .txt file.
20
7. Please wait a moment until the EW-7476RPC is ready.
8. A final congratulations screen will indicate that setup is complete. You can now
connect to the device’s new SSID(s) which are shown on the screen then close the
browser window.
9. The EW-7476RPC is working and ready for use. Refer to V-2. Connecting to a Wi-Fi
network if you require more guidance.
21
II-3. Wi-Fi Bridge Mode
1. Select “Wireless Bridge” from the top menu and click “Next”.
2. Please ensure your EW-7476RPC is within Wi-Fi range of your existing wireless
router. Click “Next” to continue.
22
3. Select the frequency (2.4GHz or 5GHz) of your existing wireless network.
In wireless bridge mode, the EW-7476RPC can only connect to
one wireless network/frequency i.e. 2.4GHz or 5GHz.
4. Select the Wi-Fi network name (SSID) which you wish to connect to and click “Next”
to continue.
If the Wi-Fi network you wish to connect to does not appear,
try clicking “Refresh”.
23
To connect to a hidden SSID, check the “Setup extender
manually” box and enter the details manually on the next
page, as shown below.
5. Enter your existing wireless network’s security key/password in the “Security Key”
field and click “Next” to continue.
24
6. Wait a moment while the EW-7476RPC tests the wireless connection.
7. Select “Obtain an IP address automatically” or “Use the following IP address” for
your EW-7476RPC. If you are using a static IP, enter the IP address, subnet mask and
default gateway. Click “Next” to proceed to the next step.
“Obtain an IP address automatically” is the recommended
setting for most users. The IP address will be displayed in
brackets.
25
8. A summary of your configuration will be displayed, as shown below. Check that all
of the details are correct and then click “Next” to proceed.
If you wish to backup the EW-7476RPC’s settings, click
“Backup this configuration” to save your current
configuration to a .txt file.
9. Please wait a moment until the EW-7476RPC is ready.
26
10. A final congratulations screen will indicate that setup is complete. Please close the
browser window.
11. The EW-7476RPC is working and ready for use. You can now connect the EW-7476RPC
to your network device using an Ethernet cable and connect to your network as usual.
27
III. Browser Based Configuration Interface
After you have setup the EW-7476RPC as detailed in II. Installation or the included Quick
Installation Guide, you can use the browser based configuration interface to configure
advanced settings.
Please ensure that your computer is set to use a dynamic IP
address. Refer to V-1. Configuring your IP address for more
information.
III-1. Login
1. To access the browser based configuration interface enter
the URL bar of a browser on a network device connected to the same Wi-Fi network as
the EW-7476RPC.
http://renkforce.setup
You will be prompted for a username and password. The default username is “admin”
and the default password is “1234”.
into
28
2. You will arrive at the “Status and Information” screen. Use the menu down the left side
to navigate.
29
III-2. Save Settings
1. After you configure any settings, click the “Save Settings” button at the bottom of the
screen to save your changes.
The device needs to restart in order to bring any changes into
effect.
2. Then, click “Click here to restart” in order to restart the device and bring the changes
into effect.
3. To make several changes at once, use the “Save Settings” button after each change
and then click “click here to restart” after your final change. Only one restart is
necessary as long as each change is saved with the “Save Settings” button.
After you click “click here to restart”, all saved changes will
come into effect.
30
III-3. Main Menu
Wi-Fi Extender
Access Point
Wi-Fi Bridge
The main menu displays different options depending on your device’s operating mode.
Please refer to the following chapters for guidance on each mode.
III-3-1. Status
Screenshots displayed are examples.The information shown
on your screen will vary depending on your configuration.
The “Status” page displays basic system information about the
device, arranged into categories.
31
III-3-2. Setup Wizard
Switch to Access Point/ Wi-Fi
Extender/ Wi-Fi Bridge mode
This wizard will help you to switch the device to a
different operating mode: Access Point mode, Wi-Fi
extender mode, Wi-Fi bridge mode (see below).
You can run the setup wizard again to reconfigure the basic
settings of the device, or you can run a wizard to help you
switch the device to a different operating mode. Select “Setup Wizard” or “Switch to
Router/Access Point/Range Extender/Wireless Bridge/WISP mode” and then click “Run
Wizard” to begin.
Switch to Access Point/ Wi-Fi Extender/ Wi-Fi Bridge mode:
1. Follow the on-screen instructions to back up your current settings and then reset the
device back to its factory default settings.
2. After the device has reset you will see the screen below. Close your browser and open
it again.
3. Follow the on-screen wizard to setup your device in a different mode. Refer to II.
Installation Step 3 onwards for help if needed.
If you don’t see the “Get Started” screen, try reconnecting to
the renkforceEXT.setup ** SSID and go to
http://renkforce.setup in a web browser.
32
III-3-3. LAN
IP Address
Specify the IP address here. This IP address will be
assigned to the EW-7476RPC and will replace the
default IP address.
Subnet Mask
Specify a subnet mask. The default value is
255.255.255.0
Default Gateway
Address
Enter a default gateway address.
DNS Address
Enter a DNS address.
You can configure your Local Area Network (LAN) on this page. Set the device to
automatically obtain an IP address from your router or assign an IP address manually.
You can access the browser based configuration interface
using the device’s IP address instead of using the URL
http://renkforce.setup.
33
III-3-4. 2.4GHz Wireless & 5GHz Wireless
Band
Displays the wireless standard used for the
EW-7476RPC’s “2.4GHz (B+G+N)” means that
802.11b, 802.11g, and 802.11n wireless clients can
connect to the EW-7476RPC.
Wireless Network Name
(SSID)
This is the name of your Wi-Fi network for
identification, also sometimes referred to as “SSID”.
The SSID can consist of any combination of up to 32
alphanumerical characters.
Hide SSID
Enable or disable hide SSID. When disabled, the
SSID will be visible to clients as an available Wi-Fi
network. When enabled, the SSID will not be visible
as an available Wi-Fi network to clients – clients must
manually enter the SSID in order to connect. A
hidden (disabled) SSID is typically more secure than
a visible (enabled) SSID.
The “2.4GHz Wireless” & “5GHz Wireless” menu allows you to
configure SSID and security settings for your Wi-Fi network
along with a guest Wi-Fi network. WPS, access control (in access
point mode) and scheduling functions can also be managed from
here.
In Access Point mode, the “Guest” feature in the menu is
replaced by “Access Control”.
III-3-4-1. Basic
The “Basic” screen displays settings for your primary 2.4GHz or 5GHz Wi-Fi network.
34
Enable Wireless Clients
Isolation
Check the box to enable wireless clients isolation.
This prevents wireless clients connected to the
EW-7476RPC from communicating with each other
and improves security. Typically, this function is
useful for corporate environments or public hot spots
and can prevent brute force attacks on clients’
usernames and passwords.
Channel Number
Select a wireless radio channel or use the default
“Auto” setting from the drop-down menu.
Signal Strength
Displays the signal strength from your router to your
extender.
Wireless Clients
Click “Show List” to display a new window showing
information about wireless clients. Please disable
any pop-up blockers if you have difficulty using this
function.
35
Wireless Security:
Access Point Mode:
Select an encryption type from the drop-down menu:
“WPA Pre-shared Key” is the recommended and most secure
encryption type.
36
III-3-4-1-1. Disable
Enable 802.1x
Authentication
Check the box to enable the 802.1x authentication. A
RADIUS server is required to perform 802.1x
authentication: enter the RADIUS server’s information
in the relevant fields (below).
Encryption is disabled and no password/key is required to connect to the EW-7476RPC.
Disabling wireless encryption is not recommended. When
disabled, anybody within range can connect to your device’s
SSID.
37
III-3-4-1-2. WEP
Key Length
Select 64-bit or 128-bit. 128-bit is more secure than
64-bit.
Key Format
Choose from “ASCII” (any alphanumerical character
0-9, a-z and A-Z) or “Hex” (any characters from 0-9,
a-f and A-F).
Encryption Key
Enter your encryption key/password according to the
format you selected above. A complex, hard-to-guess
key is recommended. Check the “Hide” box to hide
your password from being displayed on-screen.
Enable 802.1x
Authentication
Check the box to enable the 802.1x authentication. A
RADIUS server is required to perform 802.1x
authentication: enter the RADIUS server’s information
in the relevant fields (below).
WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) is a basic encryption type. For a higher level of
security consider using WPA encryption.
38
III-3-4-1-3. WPA Pre-Shared Key
WPA Unicast Cipher
Suite
Select from WPA (TKIP), WPA2 (AES) or WPA2 Mixed.
WPA2 (AES) is safer than WPA (TKIP), but not
supported by all wireless clients. Please make sure
your wireless client supports your selection. WPA2
(AES) is recommended followed by WPA2 Mixed if
your client does not support WPA2 (AES).
Pre-shared Key Format
Choose from “Passphrase” (8-63 alphanumeric
characters) or “Hex” (up to 64 characters from 0-9,
a-f and A-F).
Pre-shared Key
Please enter a key according to the format you
selected above. A complex, hard-to-guess key is
recommended. Check the “Hide” box to hide your
password from being displayed on-screen.
WPA pre-shared key is the recommended and most secure encryption type.
39
III-3-4-1-4. WPA Radius
WPA Unicast Cipher
Suite
Select from WPA (TKIP), WPA2 (AES) or WPA2 Mixed.
WPA2 (AES) is safer than WPA (TKIP), but not
supported by all wireless clients. Please make sure
your wireless client supports your selection. WPA2
(AES) is recommended followed by WPA2 Mixed if
your client does not support WPA2 (AES).
RADIUS Server IP
address
Input the IP address of the RADIUS authentication
server here.
RADIUS Server Port
Input the port number of the RADIUS authentication
server here. The default value is 1812.
RADIUS Server
Password
Input the password of the RADIUS authentication
server here.
WPA RADIUS is a combination of WPA encryption and RADIUS user authentication. If you
have a RADIUS authentication server, you can authenticate the identity of every wireless
client against a user database.
40
III-3-4-2. Guest
Enable Guest SSID
Check/uncheck the box to enable/disable the guest
Wi-Fi network.
Wireless Guest Name
Enter a reference/ID name for your guest wireless
network.
Hide SSID
Enable or disable hide SSID. When disabled, the SSID
will be visible to clients as an available Wi-Fi network.
When enabled, the SSID will not be visible as an
available Wi-Fi network to clients – clients must
manually enter the SSID in order to connect. A hidden
(disabled) SSID is typically more secure than a visible
(enabled) SSID.
Enable Wireless
Clients Isolation
Check the box to enable wireless clients isolation. This
prevents wireless clients connected to the
EW-7476RPC from communicating with each other
and improves security. Typically, this function is useful
You can setup an additional “Guest” Wi-Fi network so guest users can enjoy Wi-Fi
connectivity without accessing your primary SSID. The “Guest” screen displays settings
for your guest Wi-Fi network.
The guest network is separate from your primary network.
The settings for your primary network can be found in the
“Basic” menu.
Not available in access point mode
41
for corporate environments or public hot spots and
can prevent brute force attacks on clients’ usernames
and passwords.
Band
Displays the wireless standard used for the
EW-7476RPC’s frequency band:
2.4GHz (B+G+N): Allows 802.11b, 802.11g, and 802.11n
wireless clients to connect to the EW-7476RPC.
Channel Number
Channel number for the guest network is the same as
the main SSID and cannot be adjusted independently.
Encryption
Please refer to
III-3-4-1. Basic: Wireless Security
for
details about security settings.
42
III-3-4-3. WPS
Enable WPS
Check/uncheck this box to enable/disable WPS.
WPS Status
Displays “Configured” or “unConfigured” depending
on whether WPS and SSID/security settings for the
device have been configured or not, either manually
or using the WPS button.
Self PIN Code
Displays the WPS PIN code of the device.
SSID
Displays the SSID of the device.
Authentication Mode
Displays the wireless security authentication mode of
the device.
Authentication Key
Displays the wireless security authentication key.
Configuration Mode
The configuration mode of the device’s WPS setting is
displayed here. “Registrar” means the device acts as
an access point for a wireless client to connect to and
the wireless client(s) will follow the device’s wireless
Wi-Fi Protected Setup is a simple way to establish connections between WPS compatible
devices. WPS can be activated on compatible devices by pushing a WPS button on the
device or from within the device’s firmware/configuration interface. When WPS is
activated in the correct manner and at the correct time for two compatible devices, they
will automatically connect. PIN code WPS includes the use of a PIN code between the two
devices for verification.
43
settings.
Configure via Push
Button
Click “Start PBC” (Push-Button Configuration) to
activate WPS on the access point. WPS will be active
for 2 minutes.
Configure via Client
PIN Code
Enter the wireless client’s PIN code here and click
“Start PIN” to activate PIN code WPS. Refer to your
wireless client’s documentation if you are unsure of its
PIN code.
III-3-4-4. Access Control
Access Point mode only
Access Control is a security feature that can help to prevent unauthorized users from
connecting to your wireless router.
This function allows you to define a list of network devices permitted to connect to the
EW-7476RPC. Devices are each identified by their unique MAC address. If a device which is
not on the list of permitted MAC addresses attempts to connect to the EW-7476RPC, it will
be denied.
To enable this function, check the box labeled “Enable Wireless Access Control”.
44
Client PC
Select a PC name from the drop-down list and click
“>>” to add enter it into the blank field to the right.
Click “Refresh’ in the drop-down menu to refresh the
list of available MAC addresses. If the address you
wish to add is not listed, enter it manually.
MAC Address
Enter a MAC address of computer or network device
manually without dashes or colons e.g. for MAC
address ‘aa-bb-cc-dd-ee-ff’ enter ‘aabbccddeeff’.
Comment
Enter a comment for reference/identification
consisting of up to 16 alphanumerical characters.
Add
Click “Add” to add the MAC address to the MAC
address filtering table.
Delete Selected/
Delete All
Delete selected or all entries from the table.
MAC address entries will be listed in the table. Select an entry using the “Select”
checkbox.
45
III-3-4-5. Schedule
When Cross-Band is enabled, wireless scheduling is reversed
according to frequency. Your 2.4GHz schedule will apply to
your extender’s 5GHz network and vice-versa.
The schedule feature allows you to automate the wireless radio to switch off at specified
times. Multiple schedules can be configured. Check/uncheck the box “Enable Wireless Off
Schedule” to enable/disable the wireless off scheduling function.
The EW-7476RPC must have time & date settings initially set
to use scheduling.
Wireless scheduling can save energy and increase the security
of your network.
46
1. Use the dropdown to select which day(s) to include in the schedule. Check “Every
Add
Add the schedule to the table of active schedules.
Delete Selected/
Delete All
Delete selected or all entries from the table of active
schedules.
Day” as a shortcut for an every day schedule.
2. Specify a start and end time (hour and minute) for the wireless off schedule using the
drop-down menu.
When a wireless schedule is in operation so that 2.4GHz is active and 5GHz is off, the WPS
button’s primary function is to activate the 5GHz network.
Press the WPS button once to activate/wake the 5GHz network.
Following this, the WPS button functions normally as described above in WPS Setup.
47
III-3-5. Advanced
Fragment Threshold
Set the Fragment threshold of the wireless radio.
The default value is 2346.
RTS Threshold
Set the RTS threshold of the wireless radio. The
default value is 2347.
Beacon Interval
Set the beacon interval of the wireless radio. The
default value is 100.
Advanced features of the EW-7476RPC can be configured from
the “Advanced” menu.
III-3-5-1. 2.4GHz Wireless
These settings are for experienced users only. Please do not change any of the values on
this page unless you are already familiar with these functions.
48
DTIM Period
Set the DTIM period of wireless radio. The default
value is 3.
Data Rate
Set the wireless data transfer rate. The default is set
to Auto.
N Data Rate
Set the data rate of 802.11n. The default is set to
Auto.
Channel Width
Select wireless channel width (bandwidth used by
wireless signals from the device) – the
recommended value is Auto 20/40MHz.
Preamble Type
Set the wireless radio preamble type. The default
value is “Short Preamble”.
CTS Protect
Enabling this setting will reduce the chance of radio
signal collisions between 802.11b and 802.11g
wireless access points. It’s recommended to set this
option to “Auto”.
Tx Power
Set the power output of the wireless radio. You may
not require 100% output power. Setting a lower
power output can enhance security since potentially
malicious/unknown users in distant areas will not
be able to access your signal.
Tx power works in conjunction with the switch on the side
of the device. The switch is the primary setting and the Tx
power value here will be a percentage of the slide switch
setting. E.G If the slide switch is set to Green Mode (25%)
and Tx power to 75%, the overall output will be 75% of
25%.
49
III-3-5-2. 5GHz Wireless
Fragment Threshold
Set the Fragment threshold of the wireless radio.
The default value is 2346.
RTS Threshold
Set the RTS threshold of the wireless radio. The
default value is 2347.
Beacon Interval
Set the beacon interval of the wireless radio. The
default value is 100.
DTIM Period
Set the DTIM period of wireless radio. The default
value is 3.
Data Rate
Set the wireless data transfer rate. The default is set
to Auto.
N Data Rate
Set the data rate of 802.11n. The default is set to
Auto.
Channel Width
Select wireless channel width (bandwidth used by
wireless signals from the device) – the
recommended value is 20/40/80MHz.
These settings are for experienced users only. Please do not change any of the values on
this page unless you are already familiar with these functions.
50
Preamble Type
Set the wireless radio preamble type. The default
value is “Short Preamble”.
CTS Protect
Enabling this setting will reduce the chance of radio
signal collisions between 802.11b and 802.11g
wireless access points. It’s recommended to set this
option to “Auto”.
Tx Power
Set the power output of the wireless radio. You may
not require 100% output power. Setting a lower
power output can enhance security since potentially
malicious/unknown users in distant areas will not
be able to access your signal.
Tx power works in conjunction with the switch on the side
of the device. The switch is the primary setting and the Tx
power value here will be a percentage of the slide switch
setting. E.G If the slide switch is set to Green Mode (25%)
and Tx power to 75%, the overall output will be 75% of
25%.
51
III-3-6. Administration
2.4G Tx Power
Adjust the Wi-Fi output power for the 2.4GHz
frequency.
5G Tx Power
Adjust the Wi-Fi output power for the 5GHz
frequency.
Various administrative functions can be accessed from the
“Administration” menu.
III-3-6-1. Wireless
Range extender mode only
You can adjust the level of wireless output power as a percentage. Depending on the size
of your location and required coverage, you may not require 100% output power.
Reducing the output power can enhance security since your Wi-Fi signal will not extend to
potential malicious/unknown users in distant areas.
Tx power can also be adjusted using the switch on the side of
the device. Refer to I-4. Switch.
52
III-3-6-2. Time Zone
Set Time Zone
Select the time zone of your country or region.
Time Server Address
The travel router supports NTP (Network Time
Protocol) for automatic time and date setup. Input
the host name of the IP server manually.
Daylight Saving
If your country/region uses daylight saving time,
please check the “Enable Function” box, and select
the start and end date.
53
III-3-6-3. Password
Current Password
Enter your current password.
New Password
Enter your new password.
Confirmed Password
Confirm your new password.
You can change the password used to login to the browser-based configuration interface
here. It is advised to do so for security purposes.
Please make a note of the new password. In the event that
you forget the password and are unable to login to the
browser based configuration interface, see I-6. Reset to
factory default settings for how to reset the device.
54
III-3-6-4. Backup/Restore
Backup Settings
Click “Save” to save the current settings on your
computer as config.bin file.
Restore Settings
Click “Browse” to find a previously saved config.bin file
and then click “Upload” to replace your current settings.
Restore to Factory
Default
Click “Reset” to restore settings to the factory default. A
pop-up window will appear and ask you to confirm and
enter your log in details. Enter your username and
password and click “Ok”. See below for more
information.
Debug Logs
Click to save a log file of wireless information to your
computer as a .txt file.
55
III-3-6-5. Restart
In the event that the router malfunctions or is not responding, then it is recommended that
you restart the device.
56
IV.
Appendix
IV-1. Configuring your IP address
For first time access to the URL
to use a dynamic IP address. This means your computer can obtain an IP address
automatically from a DHCP server. You can check if your computer is set to use a dynamic
IP address by following VII-1-1. How to check that your computer uses a dynamic IP
address.
Static IP users can also temporarily modify your computer’s IP address to be in the same
IP address subnet e.g. 192.168.9.x (x = 3 – 254) as the EW-7476RPC in order to access
http://renkforce.setup
.
http://renkforce.setup
please ensure your computer is set
The EW-7476RPC’s default IP address is 192.168.9.2.
The procedure for modifying your IP address varies across different operating systems;
please follow the guide appropriate for your operating system in IIV-1-2. How to modify
the IP address of your computer.
Static IP users please make a note of your static IP before you
change it.
You can assign a new IP address to the device which is within the subnet of your network
during setup or using the browser based configuration interface, so that you can access
the URL
http://renkforce.setup
in future without modifying your IP address.
Please remember to change your IP address back to its
original value after the device is properly configured.
57
IV-1-1. How to check that your computer uses a dynamic IP address
Please follow the instructions appropriate for your operating system.
IV-1-1-1. Windows 7
1. Click the “Start” button (it should be located in the lower-left corner of your computer),
then click “Control Panel”.
2. Under “Network and Internet” click “View network status and tasks”.
58
3. Click “Local Area Connection”.
4. Click “Properties”.
59
5. Select “Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and then click “Properties”.
6. Select “Obtain an IP address automatically” and “Obtain DNS server address
automatically” should be selected.
60
IV-1-1-2. Windows 8.1 & 10
1. In desktop mode, click the File Explorer icon in the bottom left of the screen, as shown
below.
2. Right click “Network” and then select “Properties”.
61
3. In the window that opens, select “Change adapter settings” from the left side.
4. Choose your connection and right click, then select “Properties”.
62
5. Select “Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and then click “Properties”.
6. Select “Obtain an IP address automatically” and “Obtain DNS server address
automatically” should be selected.
63
IV-1-1-3. Mac OS
1. Have your Macintosh computer operate as usual, and click on “System Preferences”.
2. In System Preferences, click on “Network”.
3. Click on “Wi-Fi” in the left panel and then click “Advanced” in the lower right corner.
64
4. Select “TCP/IP” from the top menu and “Using DHCP” in the drop down menu labeled
“Configure IPv4” should be selected.
65
IV-1-2. How to modify the IP address of your computer
Please follow the instructions appropriate for your operating system. In the following
examples we use the IP address 192.168.9.20 though you can use any IP address in the
range 192.168.9.x (x = 3 – 254) in order to access iQ Setup/browser based configuration
interface.
Please make a note of your static IP before you change it.
IV-1-2-1. Windows 7
1. Click the “Start” button (it should be located in the lower-left corner of your computer),
then click “Control Panel”.
2. Under “Network and Internet” click “View network status and tasks”.
66
3. Click “Local Area Connection”.
4. Click “Properties”.
67
5. Select “Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and then click “Properties”.
6. Select “Use the following IP address”, then input the following values:
Your existing static IP address will be displayed in the “IP
address” field before you replace it. Please make a note of this
IP address, subnet mask, default gateway and DNS server
addresses.
IP address: 192.168.9.20
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
Click ‘OK’ when finished.
68
69
IV-1-2-2. Windows 8.1 & 10
1. In desktop mode, click the File Explorer icon in the bottom left of the screen, as shown
below.
2. Right click “Network” and then select “Properties”.
70
3. In the window that opens, select “Change adapter settings” from the left side.
4. Choose your connection and right click, then select “Properties”.
71
5. Select “Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and then click “Properties”.
6. Select “Use the following IP address”, then input the following values:
Your existing static IP address will be displayed in the “IP
address” field before you replace it. Please make a note of this
IP address, subnet mask, default gateway and DNS server
addresses.
IP address: 192.168.9.20
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
Click ‘OK’ when finished.
72
IV-1-2-3. Mac
1. Have your Macintosh computer operate as usual, and click on “System Preferences”
2. In System Preferences, click on “Network”.
3. Click on “Wi-Fi” in the left panel and then click “Advanced” in the lower right corner.
4. Select “TCP/IP” from the top menu and select “Manually” from the drop down menu
labeled “Configure IPv4”, then click “OK”.
73
Your existing static IP address will be displayed in the “IP
address” field before you replace it. Please make a note of this
IP address, subnet mask, default gateway and DNS server
addresses.
5. In the “IPv4 Address” and “Subnet Mask” field enter IP address 192.168.9.20 and
subnet mask 255.255.255.0. Click on “OK”.
74
6. Click “Apply” to save the changes.
IV-2. Connecting to a Wi-Fi network
For help connecting to your device’s
your device’s new Wi-Fi network (SSID) after setup is complete, follow the guide below:
renkforce.setup
SSID for initial setup, or to connect to
Below is an example of how to connect using Windows Vista –
the process may vary slightly for other versions of Windows.
1. Click the network icon (,or) in the system tray and select “Connect to a
network”.
75
2. Search for the SSID of your EW-7478RPC and then click “Connect”. If you set a
password for your network, you will then be prompted to enter it.
3. After correctly entering your password, you will be successfully connected to the
EW-7476RPC’s wireless network.
76
IV-3. Troubleshooting
Scenario
Solution
I can’t log onto the
browser-based
configuration interface.
a. Please check that the extender is correctly inserted into a
power socket and check the LEDs on the front panel. If the
extender is initializing after being switched off or restarted,
wait for 2 minutes and try again.
b. Make sure you are using the full, correct URL:
http://renkforce.setup
c. If you are using a MAC or IP address filter, try to connect the
wireless extender using a different computer.
d. Set your computer to obtain an IP address automatically
(DHCP), and see if your computer can obtain an IP address.
e. Ensure that all other Wi-Fi/Ethernet adapters are disabled or
disconnected.
f. Password is case-sensitive. Make sure the “Caps Lock” light
is not illuminated.
g. b. If you do not know your password, restore the device to
factory settings.
I can’t establish a
connection to my
wireless extender.
a. If encryption is enabled, please re-check WEP or WPA
passphrase settings on your wireless client. The password
is case-sensitive. Make sure the “Caps Lock” light is not
illuminated.
b. Try moving closer to the wireless extender.
c. Switch off the extender and switch it back on after 10
seconds.
d. Please check that the extender is correctly inserted into a
power socket and check the LEDs on the front panel.
File downloads are very
slow or frequently
interrupted.
a. Reset the wireless extender
b. Try again later. Your local network may be experiencing
technical difficulties or very high usage.
c. Change channel number.
The wireless extender is
extremely hot.
a. It is normal for the wireless extender to heat up during
frequent use. If you can safely place your hand on the
wireless extender, the temperature of the device is at a
normal level.
b. If you smell burning or see smoke coming from wireless
extender then disconnect the extender immediately, as far
If you are experiencing problems with your wireless extender, please refer to this
troubleshooting guide before contacting your dealer of purchase for help.
77
as it is safely possible to do so. Call your dealer of purchase
for help.
My network device can’t
access the Internet.
a. Ensure that your broadband router is fully functional.
b. Switch off both your network device and wireless extender
and switch back on again.
c. Ensure that the wireless extender is powered on (check the
PWR LED).
d. On the browser based configuration interface home page,
check “Status” under “Wireless Configuration”. It should
be “Connected” – if it is “Disconnected” then this means
the wireless extender is not connected to your
router/access point.
My wireless extender
has a poor signal from
my access point/router.
The best location to place the Wi-Fi extender is one which is an
open space, roughly in the middle between your router and the
Wi-Fi dead zone, and where the Wi-Fi extender LED displays
“Excellent” signal strength.
a. Keep the extender away from other radio devices such as
microwaves or wireless telephones.
b. Do not put the extender in the corner of a room or
under/nearby metal.
c. It is recommended to plug the extender directly into a wall
socket.
d. Ensure there are as few obstacles as possible between the
extender and the access point/router.
Can I use the same SSID
as my current gateway
router for my Wi-Fi
extender?
Yes, but it is not recommended as it will be difficult to
distinguish between two SSIDs with the same name.
78
COPYRIGHT
Copyright Edimax Technology Co., Ltd. all rights reserved. No part of this publication
may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated
into any language or computer language, in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, manual or otherwise, without the prior written
permission from Edimax Technology Co., Ltd.
Edimax Technology Co., Ltd. makes no representations or warranties, either expressed or
implied, with respect to the contents hereof and specifically disclaims any warranties,
merchantability, or fitness for any particular purpose. Any software described in this
manual is sold or licensed as is. Should the programs prove defective following their
purchase, the buyer (and not this company, its distributor, or its dealer) assumes the entire
cost of all necessary servicing, repair, and any incidental or consequential damages
resulting from any defect in the software. Edimax Technology Co., Ltd. reserves the right
to revise this publication and to make changes from time to time in the contents hereof
without the obligation to notify any person of such revision or changes.
The product you have purchased and the setup screen may appear slightly different from
those shown in this QIG. The software and specifications are subject to change without
notice. Please visit our website www.edimax.com for updates. All brand and product
names mentioned in this manual are trademarks and/or registered trademarks of their
respective holders.
79
Federal Communication Commission Interference Statement
Frequency
Range (MHz)
Max. Transmit Power (dBm)
EIRP
2412 ~ 2472
19.43 dBm
5180 ~ 5240
22.64dBm
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital
device, pursuant to Part 15 of FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable
protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment
generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in
accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio
communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a
particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or
television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the
user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following
measures:
1. Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
2. Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
3. Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the
receiver is connected.
4. Consult the dealer or an experienced radio technician for help.
FCC Caution
This device and its antenna must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any
other antenna or transmitter. This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules.
Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful
interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including
interference that may cause undesired operation. Any changes or modifications not
expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the authority to
operate equipment.
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Radiation Exposure Statement
This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure set forth for an uncontrolled
environment. In order to avoid the possibility of exceeding the FCC radio frequency
exposure limits, human proximity to the antenna shall not be less than 2.5cm (1 inch)
during normal operation.
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) RF Exposure Requirements
SAR compliance has been established in the laptop computer(s) configurations with
PCMCIA slot on the side near the center, as tested in the application for certification, and
can be used in laptop computer(s) with substantially similar physical dimensions,
construction, and electrical and RF characteristics. Use in other devices such as PDAs or
lap pads is not authorized. This transmitter is restricted for use with the specific antenna
tested in the application for certification. The antenna(s) used for this transmitter must not
be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter.
RED Compliance Statement
Compliance with 2014/53/EU Radio Equipment Directive (RED)
In accordance with Article 10.8(a) and 10.8(b) of the RED, the following table provides
information on the frequency bands used and the maximum RF transmit power of the
product for sale in the EU:
A simplified DoC shall be provided as follows: Article 10(9)
80
Hereby, Edimax Technology Co., Ltd. declares that the radio equipment type AC1200
Dual-Band Wireless LAN Repeater is in compliance with Directive 2014/53/EU
The full text of the EU declaration of conformity is available at the following internet
address: http://www.edimax.com/edimax/global/
Safety
This equipment is designed with the utmost care for the safety of those who install and
use it. However, special attention must be paid to the dangers of electric shock and static
electricity when working with electrical equipment. All guidelines of this and of the
computer manufacture must therefore be allowed at all times to ensure the safe use of the
equipment.
EU Countries Intended for Use
The ETSI version of this device is intended for home and office use in Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, and United Kingdom. The ETSI
version of this device is also authorized for use in EFTA member states: Iceland,
Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland.
EU Countries Not Intended for Use
None
81
EU Declaration of Conformity
English: This equipment is in compliance with the essential requirements and other
relevant provisions of Directive 2014/53/EU, 2014/35/EU.
Français: Cet équipement est conforme aux exigences essentielles et autres dispositions
de la directive 2014/53/EU, 2014/35/EU.
Čeština: Toto zařízení je v souladu se základními požadavky a ostatními p říslušnými
ustanoveními sm ěrnic 2014/53/EU, 2014/35/EU.
Polski: Urządzenie jest zgodne z ogólnymi wymaganiami oraz szczególnymi
Român ă: Acest echipament este în conformitate cu cerinţele esenţiale şi alte prevederi
relevante ale Directivei 2014/53/UE, 2014/35/UE.
Русский: Это оборудованиесоответствуетосновнымтребованиямиположениямДирективы
2014/53/EU, 2014/35/EU.
Magyar: Ez a berendezés megfelel az alapvető kö vetelményeknek és más vonatkozó
irányelveknek (2014/53/EU, 2014/35/EU).
Türkçe: Bu cihaz 2014/53/EU, 2014/35/EU direktifleri zorunlu istekler ve diğer
hükü mlerle ile uyumludur.
Українська: Обладнання відповідаєвимогаміумовамдирективи 2014/53/EU, 2014/35/EU.
Slovenčina: Toto zariadenie spĺňa základné požiadavky a ďalšie príslušné ustanovenia
smerníc 2014/53/EU, 2014/35/EU.
Deutsch: Dieses Gerä t erfüllt die Voraussetzungen gemä ß den Richtlinien 2014/53/EU,
2014/35/EU.
Español : El presente equipo cumple los requisitos esenciales de la Directiva 2014/53/EU,
2014/35/EU.
Italiano: Questo apparecchio è conforme ai requisiti essenziali e alle altre disposizioni
applicabili della Direttiva 2014/53/EU, 2014/35/UE.
Nederlands: Dit apparaat voldoet aan de essentiële eisen en andere van toepassing
zijnde bepalingen van richtlijn 2014/53/EU, 2014/35/EU.
Português: Este equipamento cumpre os requesitos essênciais da Directiva 2014/53/EU,
2014/35/EU.
Norsk: Dette utstyret er i samsvar med de viktigste kravene og andre relevante regler i
Direktiv 2014/53/EU, 2014/35/EU.
Svenska: Denna utrustning ä r i ö verensstä mmelse med de vä sentliga kraven och ö vriga
relevanta bestä mmelser i direktiv 2014/53/EU, 2014/35/EU.
Dansk: Dette udstyr er i overensstemmelse med de væ sentligste krav og andre
relevante forordninger i direktiv 2014/53/EU, 2014/35/EU.
suomen kieli: Tä mä laite tä yttä ä direktiivien 2014/53/EU, 2014/35/EU. oleelliset
At the end of its serviceable life, this product should not be treated as household
or general waste. It should be handed over to the applicable collection point for
the recycling of electrical and electronic equipment, or returned to the supplier for
disposal.
82
Declaration of Conformity
We, Edimax Technology Co., Ltd., declare under our sole responsibility, that the
equipment described below complies with the requirements of the European R&TTE
directives.
Equipment:
AC1200 Dual-Band Wireless LAN Repeater
Model No.:
EW-7476RPC
The following European standards for essential requirements have been followed:
Directives 2014/53/EU
Spectrum
:
EN 300 328 V2.1.1 (2016-11)
EN 301 893 V2.1.1 (2017-05)
EMC
:
EN 301 489-1 V2.2.0 (2017-03)
EN 301 489-17 V3.2.0 (2017-03)
EMF
:
EN 62311:2008
Directives 2014/35/EU
Safety (LVD)
:
IEC 60950-1:2005 (2nd Edition)+Am 1:2009+Am 2:2013
EN 60950-1:2006+A11:2009+A1:2010+A12:2011+A2:2013
Date of Signature:
Aug., 2017
Signature:
Printed Name:
Albert Chang
Title:
Director
Edimax Technology Co., Ltd.
Edimax Technology Europe B.V.
Fijenhof 2,
5652 AE Eindhoven,
The Netherlands
a company of :
Edimax Technology Co., Ltd.
No. 278, Xinhu 1st Rd.,
Neihu Dist., Taipei City,
Taiwan
Signature:
Printed Name:
Vivian Ma
Title:
Director
Edimax Technology Europe B.V.
83
Notice According to GNU General Public License Version 2
This product includes software that is subject to the GNU General Public License version 2.
The program is free software and distributed without any warranty of the author. We offer,
valid for at least three years, to give you, for a charge no more than the costs of physically
performing source distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of the corresponding
source code.
Das Produkt beinhaltet Software, die den Bedingungen der GNU/GPL-Version 2 unterliegt.
Das Programm ist eine sog. „Free Software“, der Autor stellt das Programm ohne
irgendeine Gewä hrleistungen zur Verfügung. Wir bieten Ihnen für einen Zeitraum von drei
Jahren an, eine vollstä ndige maschinenlesbare Kopie des Quelltextes der Programme zur
Verfügung zu stellen – zu nicht hö heren Kosten als denen, die durch den physikalischen
Kopiervorgang anfallen.
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 2, June 1991
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but
changing it is not allowed.
Preamble
The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and
change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your
freedom to share and change free software--to make sure the software is free for all its
users. This General Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation’s
software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it. (Some other Free
Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Lesser General Public License
instead.) You can apply it to your programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General
Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies
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can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free
programs; and that you know you can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these
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For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you
must give the recipients all the rights that you have. You must make sure that they, too,
receive or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they know
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We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and (2) offer you this
license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the software.
Also, for each author’s protection and ours, we want to make certain that everyone
understands that there is no warranty for this free software. If the software is modified by
someone else and passed on, we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the
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Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents. We wish to avoid
the danger that redistributors of a free program will individually obtain patent licenses, in
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patent must be licensed for everyone’s free use or not licensed at all.
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow.
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
84
0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed by the
copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General Public
License. The ‘“Program’“, below, refers to any such program or work, and a ‘“work based
on the Program’“ means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with
modifications and/or translated into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is included
without limitation in the term ‘“modification’“.) Each licensee is addressed as ‘“you’“.
Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not covered by this License;
they are outside its scope. The act of running the Program is not restricted, and the output
from the Program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Program
(independent of having been made by running the Program). Whether that is true depends
on what the Program does.
1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program’s source code as you
receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on
each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any other
recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program.
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you may at your
option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it, thus forming a
work based on the Program, and copy and distribute such modifications or work under the
terms of Section 1 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that you
changed the files and the date of any change.
b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in whole or in part
contains or is derived from the Program or any part thereof, to be licensed as a
whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.
c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when run, you
must cause it, when started running for such interactive use in the most ordinary
way, to print or display an announcement including an appropriate copyright
notice and a notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a
warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under these conditions, and
telling the user how to view a copy of this License. (Exception: if the Program itself
is interactive but does not normally print such an announcement, your work based
on the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If identifiable sections of that
work are not derived from the Program, and can be reasonably considered independent
and separate works in themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you distribute the same
sections as part of a whole which is a work based on the Program, the distribution of the
whole must be on the terms of this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend
to the entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to work written
entirely by you; rather, the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of
derivative or collective works based on the Program.
In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program with the
Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of a storage or distribution
medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this License.
3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, under Section 2) in
object code or executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that
you also do one of the following:
a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code,
which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
customarily used for software interchange; or,
b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years, to give any third
party, for a charge no more than your cost of physically performing source
distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code,
85
to be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
customarily used for software interchange; or,
c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to distribute
corresponding source code. (This alternative is allowed only for noncommercial
distribution and only if you received the program in object code or executable form
with such an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making
modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source code means all the source
code for all modules it contains, plus any associated interface definition files, plus the
scripts used to control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a
special exception, the source code distributed need not include anything that is normally
distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major components (compiler, kernel,
and so on) of the operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
itself accompanies the executable.
If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to copy from a
designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the source code from the same
place counts as distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program except as expressly
provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or
distribute the Program is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this
License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this
License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full
compliance.
5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not signed it. However,
nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Program or its derivative
works. These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by
modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the Program), you indicate
your acceptance of this License to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying,
distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it.
6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the Program), the
recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy, distribute or
modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any
further restrictions on the recipients’ exercise of the rights granted herein. You are not
responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this License.
7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any
other reason (not limited to patent issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by
court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do
not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy
simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations,
then as a consequence you may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent
license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who
receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only way you could satisfy both
it and this License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular
circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply and the section as a whole is
intended to apply in other circumstances.
It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other property
right claims or to contest validity of any such claims; this section has the sole purpose of
protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system, which is implemented by
public license practices. Many people have made generous contributions to the wide
range of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of
that system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute
software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice.
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a consequence of
the rest of this License.
86
8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in certain countries either by
patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright holder who places the
Program under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation
excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not
thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the
body of this License.
9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the General
Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present
version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies a version
number of this License which applies to it and ‘“any later version’“, you have the option of
following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published
by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of this
License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.
10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose
distribution conditions are different, write to the author to ask for permission. For software
which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software
Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the
two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of
promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
NO WARRANTY
11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN
OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
PROVIDE THE PROGRAM ‘“AS IS’“ WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE
ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU.
SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL
NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR
DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM
(INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED
INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF
THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER
OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
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