Renesas RL78/I1D User Manual

KIT USER MANUAL

RL78

DETECT-IT !
RL78/I1D detector boards kit

UM-YDETECT-IT-

Rev.1.30

Feb 24, 2015

Kit User manual

Introduction

The Renesas kit Detect it! is based on the low power 16-bit microcontroller RL78/I1D.
The kit contains 4 boards which are demonstrators of the most common detector types available in the market:

- Glass break detector and motion detector used mainly in security & surveillance system

- Monoxide carbon detector and smoke detector used in human protection system.

The user can easily test these 4 detector boards. Indeed all the boards contained into the Detect it! kit are
preprogrammed and ready for quick demonstration.

The boards demonstrate the new Renesas microcontroller RL78/I1D specifically designed for detector applications,
thanks to its low power features, enhanced analog front end and smart peripherals.

The boards are designed to allow some flexibility. For example, nearly all pins of the microcontroller are connected to
some header, the user can chose between power by line or power from a battery, the user can easily add a PMOD
extension thanks to the 12 bit standard pin header sold onto the board.

User can connect the boards to external tool for debugging and flashing the boards.
Update information about this kit can be found on the following webpage : www.renesas.eu/detector/

Target Device

RL78/I1D devices, Family part numbers starting with R5F117.

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Contents

1. Hardware overview ......................................................................................................... 5

2. Detector application brief explanation .......................................................................... 5

Glass Break detector board design explanation ..................................................................... 5

CO detector design explanation ................................................................................................ 6

Motion detector design explanation ......................................................................................... 8

Smoke detector design explanation ......................................................................................... 9

3. Boards layout ............................................................................................................... 10

Glass Break detector board layout ......................................................................................... 10

CO detector board layout ......................................................................................................... 11

Motion detector board layout................................................................................................... 13

Smoke detector board layout................................................................................................... 15

4. Content of the CD-ROM ............................................................................................... 17

5. Board description ......................................................................................................... 19

Glass Break detector board ..................................................................................................... 19

5.1.1 Oscillators ............................................................................................................................. 20

5.1.2 Description of Jumper J ........................................................................................................ 20

5.1.3 Description of Potentiometer JP ........................................................................................... 21

5.1.4 Buzzer: .................................................................................................................................. 21

5.1.5 Description of Push Button ................................................................................................... 21

5.1.6 Battery place holder .............................................................................................................. 22

5.1.7 Microcontroller RL78/I1D ...................................................................................................... 22

5.1.8 Description of PMOD connector J9....................................................................................... 24

5.1.9 Description of board edge connectors CN01 and CN02 ...................................................... 24

CO detector board ..................................................................................................................... 25

5.2.1 Oscillators ............................................................................................................................. 26

5.2.2 Description of Jumper J ........................................................................................................ 26

5.2.3 Description of Potentiometer JP ........................................................................................... 27

5.2.4 Buzzer: .................................................................................................................................. 27

5.2.5 Description of Push Button ................................................................................................... 27

5.2.6 Battery place holder: ............................................................................................................. 28

5.2.7 Microcontroller RL78/I1D ...................................................................................................... 28

5.2.8 Description of PMOD connector J9....................................................................................... 30

5.2.9 Description of board edge connectors CN01 and CN02 ...................................................... 30

Motion detector board .............................................................................................................. 31

5.3.1 Oscillators ............................................................................................................................. 32

5.3.2 Description of Jumper J ........................................................................................................ 32

5.3.3 Description of Potentiometer JP ........................................................................................... 33

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5.3.4 Buzzer ................................................................................................................................... 34

5.3.5 Description of Push Button ................................................................................................... 34

5.3.6 Battery place holder .............................................................................................................. 34

5.3.7 Microcontroller RL78/I1D ...................................................................................................... 34

5.3.8 Description of PMOD connector J9....................................................................................... 36

5.3.9 Description of board edge connectors CN01 and CN02 ...................................................... 36

Smoke detector board .............................................................................................................. 37

5.4.1 Sensor connection ................................................................................................................ 38

5.4.2 Oscillators ............................................................................................................................. 38

5.4.3 Description of Jumper J ........................................................................................................ 38

5.4.4 Description of Potentiometer JP ........................................................................................... 39

5.4.5 Buzzer ................................................................................................................................... 39

5.4.6 Description of Push Button ................................................................................................... 39

5.4.7 Battery place holder .............................................................................................................. 40

5.4.8 Microcontroller RL78/I1D ...................................................................................................... 40

5.4.9 Description of PMOD connector J9....................................................................................... 42

5.4.10 Description of board edge connectors CN01 and CN02 ...................................................... 42

6. Theory of operation ...................................................................................................... 43

Glass Break detector theory of operation .............................................................................. 43

6.1.1 Analog Front End circuit of Glass Break detector ................................................................. 43

6.1.2 MCU/digital system and maintain low current drain for long battery life ............................... 44

CO detector theory of operation .............................................................................................. 44

6.2.1 Analog Front End circuit of CO detector ............................................................................... 44

6.2.2 MCU/digital system and maintain low current drain for long battery life ............................... 45

Motion detector theory of operation ....................................................................................... 46

6.3.1 Analog Front End circuit of Motion Detector ......................................................................... 46

6.3.2 MCU/digital system and maintain low current drain for long battery life ............................... 47

Smoke detector theory of operation ....................................................................................... 47

6.4.1 Analog Front End circuit of Smoke detector ......................................................................... 47

6.4.2 MCU/digital system and maintain low current drain for long battery life ............................... 49

7. How to start the boards for Battery operation ............................................................ 49

Glass Break detector demonstration using battery .............................................................. 49

CO detector demonstration using battery .............................................................................. 49

Motion detector demonstration using battery ....................................................................... 49

Smoke detector demonstration using battery ....................................................................... 50

8. How to start the boards with IAR ................................................................................ 50

9. Notes and comments about board operation ............................................................. 56

Glass Break detector operation ............................................................................................... 56

9.1.1 Glass break Sensor Testing results ...................................................................................... 56

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9.1.2 Glass break Sensor Current consumption results ................................................................ 56

CO Sensor Operation ................................................................................................................ 57

9.2.1 CO Sensor Testing results .................................................................................................... 57

9.2.2 CO Sensor Current Consumption results ............................................................................. 57

9.2.3 CO Sensor Calibration method ............................................................................................. 58

Motion Detector Operation ....................................................................................................... 59

9.3.1 Motion Detector Testing results ............................................................................................ 59

9.3.2 Motion detector Current consumption results ....................................................................... 59

Smoke Sensor Operation ......................................................................................................... 59

9.4.1 Smoke Detector Testing results ............................................................................................ 59

9.4.2 Smoke detector Current consumption results ....................................................................... 59

10. Support ......................................................................................................................... 60

Revision History .................................................................................................................... 1

General Precautions in the Handling of MPU/MCU Products ............................................. 2

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1. Hardware overview

The solution kit Detect it! includes 4 different types of detector demonstrator:

- Glass Break detector demonstrator

- Carbon Monoxide detector demonstrator (CO detector)

- Motion detector demonstrator

- Smoke detector demonstrator

The purpose of those boards is to show that the Renesas microcontroller RL78/I1D MCU - used in each board - is a
perfect device for implementing low power sensor designs for detectors with a minimum of external components. In
each case, the board shows a different detection using the RL78/I1D and its embedded analog peripherals such as
internal operational-amplifiers, comparators and optimized power saving MCU features. The new RL78/I1D has some
major advantages for detection against previous RL78 MCU families.

The Renesas MCU RL78/I1D has specific features that can benefit to such type of detectors/sensors, for example
usually requiring low power features like low average current drain and long battery life.

The RL78/I1D MCU has low power clock/timer and safety features in STOP mode that needs less than 1µA total, even
when Real-Time-Counter operated with 32kHz crystal, Watchdog timer operated with 15kHz clock, 12-bit interval
timer and Low Voltage Detect functions are all enabled, and all RAM data retained.

The RL78/I1D also has integrated operational amplifiers and comparators that can be used for sensor measurements at
low power. Current drain for the RL78/I1D integrated operational amplifiers and comparators depends on factors such
as external bias resistor values, which operational amplifier and comparator modes are used and how many channels are
enabled during standby. The integrated operational amplifiers of the RL78/I1D have both a low power mode and high
speed mode. In Low Power mode, the operational amplifier is typically drawing about 2.5µA typical for the first
channel (plus ~2.0µA per each additional channel) with GainBandWidth (GBW) = 40kHz. In High Speed mode, the
current draw is around 140µA typical for first channel (plus ~120µA per each additional channel) with GBW =

1.7MHz.

All boards have a different sensor depending on the measurement that needs to be done:

 Glass Break detector demonstrator use a microphone to detect noise that emulate glass break event.
 Carbon monoxide detector (CO detector) demonstrator uses a chemical sensor
 Motion detector demonstrator use a specific PIR sensor based on infrared technology to detect movement.
 Smoke detector demonstrator use a smoke chamber, with emitter and receptor diode

All boards are processing the measurement coming from these sensors with amplification and filtering stage done by the
microcontroller.

There is possibility to power each board by battery (3V lithium battery) or by power supply. All the detector boards
demonstrate a low current consumption. For the purpose of the demonstration, the goal was to achieve a battery life of 4
years or more using a CR123 lithium battery. Further optimization can be done in true application to minimize further
the current consumption of the board. Only one battery CR123 is provided into the kit for the 4 boards.

2. Detector application brief explanation

Here are brief explanation of function of each board, including top level block diagram.

Glass Break detector board design explanation

The Glass Break detector is designed to start alarm when a glass break sound event occurred. By consequence the goal
is to start alert when high frequency sound is detected, and to filter all loud sounds such as loud hand clap, slamming
door, book slammed down on a table or barking dog. It was designed to detect simulated glass break event, such as
emulated by the Interlogix 5709C-W glass break simulator.

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Figure Glass Break sensor block diagram

The microphone is the first element of the analog front end. The microphone is used as the sensor for glass break event.
The microphone used is an Electret with frequency response from 25Hz to 16kHz.
The microphone is AC coupled to both a low pass and high pass sections, so that microphone output DC bias variations
does not affect the operational amplifier filter bias points:

• 2-stage low pass filter uses 2 channels (Ch0 and Ch1) of RL78/I1D internal operational amplifiers in low power

mode at about 4.5µA typical current drain total.

 The first stage has a nominal gain of 31 and a roll-off/cut-off frequency @ 34Hz.
 The second stage has a nominal gain of 26 at roll-off/cut-off frequency @ 154Hz.
 Therefore in both cases, GBWP (gain x frequency product) used on each stage is less that the operational

amplifier GBW = 40 kHz rating in low power mode. Since the operational amplifiers have a low current drain in
low power mode, they can be left on constantly to monitor a loud transient sound event.

• 2-stage high pass filter uses 2 channels (Ch2 and Ch3) of RL78/I1D internal operational amplifiers in high speed

mode at about 262µA total for both channels typical current drain.

 The first stage has a nominal gain of 20 and upper roll-off/cut-off frequency @ 24kHz.
 The second stage has a nominal gain of 5 and upper roll-off/cut-off frequency @ 1447Hz.
 Therefore in both cases, the GBWP (gain x frequency product) used is less that the operational amplifier GBW =

1.7 MHz rating in high speed mode. Since the operational amplifiers have a higher current drain (>100µA per
channel) in high speed mode, they are only turned on intermittently when analyzing a loud sound transient event.

So in glass break detector demonstration, the 4 operational amplifiers are used.

A buzzer is used to give the alarm, it is managed by the MCU (transistor driver).
The push button is used for the reset function.
The board can be powered by a 3V lithium battery (CR123). It can also be powered by power supply (E1 power supply
or external power). One battery CR123 is provided into the kit for the 4 boards. The E1 debugger is not provided.
Caution: Battery should never be installed when using E1 power supply or external power supply via CN02/CN01.

CO detector design explanation

The carbon monoxide detector is designed to alarm when the concentration of CO gas is measured at a preset level of
100ppm. A higher threshold level can be set in software if desired.

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The chemical sensor CO sensor canister is used to detect CO gas at 100ppm +/- 10 ppm and greater. An aerosol such as
CO Check ™ or Model HO-CO rev2 test CO gas can be used to simulate an event.

In the case of the CO detector, only 2 operational amplifiers are used: they are used to process CO sensor current to
voltage and look for CO gas exceeding the pre-determined threshold.

Figure CO sensor block diagram

The CO chemical sensor is the first element of the analog front end. The CO gas sensor is used as the sensor for
concentration of CO gas. It is a CO sensor canister (Figaro TGS5042 CO gas sensor) and it is used to provide a linear
output current that is proportional with CO gas concentration. Its specification is 1.2nA-2.4nA per PPM, and the
calibrated output value is printed on the canister (for example 1402 indicates 1.402nA/PPM).

The CO sensor is connected to 2-stage processing analog front end:

 1 stage DC bias: uses single channel (Ch1) of RL78/I1D internal operational amplifier in low power mode at

about 2.25µA typical current drain. This stage implements a voltage follower configuration from a resistive
divider at VDD/11 (nominally 0.3Volt @ VDD = 3.3V) and provides a low impedance to the CO sensor
negative terminal bias point.

 1 stage Trans-conductance amplifier: uses single channel (Ch0) of RL78/I1D internal operational amplifier in

low power mode at about 2.25µA typical current drain.

 For the both the DC bias and Trans conductance amplifier configurations, the required frequency response is less

than 1Hz and the operational amplifier GBW = 40kHz rating in low power mode is more than adequate. Since
the 2 operational amplifier channels together have ~4.5µA typical current drain in low power mode, they can be
left on without a huge increase in STOP/standby mode current. As the CO sensor has a relatively long time
constant (>10 seconds) to fully react to the CO gas concentration levels, the operational amplifiers need to be left
on constantly.

So in this CO sensor detector demonstration, only 2 operational amplifiers are used.

A buzzer is used to give the alarm, it is managed by the MCU (transistor driver).
The push button is used connected, but not used in the CO detector demonstrator.
The board can be powered by a 3V lithium battery (CR123). It can also be powered by power supply (E1 power supply
or external power). One battery CR123 is provided into the kit for the 4 boards. The E1 debugger is not provided.
Caution: Battery should never be installed when using E1 power supply or external power supply via CN02/CN01.

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Motion detector design explanation

The Motion detector demonstration can alarm when a human moves within 4 meters in front of the PIR (Pyroelectric
InfraRed) sensor within an angle of +/-45degrees vertically, and +/-70 degrees horizontally as measured from the
normal (apex) point perpendicular to the front of PIR sensor surface.

For this Motion sensor design, the 2 integrated operational amplifiers are used to monitor PIR sensor amplified voltage
and look for PIR levels exceeding the pre-determined thresholds. The operational amplifiers are used in high speed
mode in this Motion sensor demonstrator.

Figure Motion sensor block diagram:

The PIR (Pyroelecctric InfraRed) sensor is the first element of the Analog Front End. The muRata part number IRA­E700STO PIR sensor is used to detect IR energy changes that are detected when a warm object such as a human being
comes into the range of the sensor. PIR sensing of infrared energy is further enhanced by a white, translucent Fresnel
lens placed in front of the PIR transducer. The Fresnel lens has a hemispheric shape with a honey comb shaped cells in
the plastic mold. These Fresnel lens cell shapes then enhance the sensed IR energy peak-to-peak voltage changes as the
human being advances across the front of PIR sensor

The PIR sensor is connected to 2-stage processing analog front end:

 The first stage AC amplifier uses single channel Ch1 of RL78/I1D internal operational-amplifier in low power

mode at about 2.25µA typical current drain. This stage is AC coupled from the PIR sensor output to Ch1, so as
to eliminate any PIR DC bias variations. The stage 1 amplifier has a nominal gain of x101, and an upper roll-off
frequency ~15.9Hz.

 The second stage AC amplifier: uses single op-amp channel Ch0 has a nominal gain of x33.9 max (x6.7min) at

roll-off/cut-off frequency @32.9HZ max (6.5HZ min). The gain of this 2nd stage is adjust by the 900KΩ
potentiometer (labeled JP9). The input of the 2nd stage is AC coupled (DC-blocked) from 1st stage (AMP1O)
output. However the output of 2nd stage (AMP0O) is DC coupled to ADC input ANI4 and Comparator input
IVREF0. In all cases of the 1st stage and 2nd stage Amplifier settings, GBWP (gain x frequency product) used on
each stage is less that the op-amp GBW = 40KHZ rating in low power mode. Since the op-amps have a low
current drain in low power mode, they can be left on constantly to monitor PIR sensor pulse energy. The output
of AMP0O is monitored by Comparator input IVCMP0, which is on the same MCU pin as AMP0O. The
explanation of Comparator function to trigger MCU wakeup is below.

So in this Motion sensor detector demonstration, only 2 operational amplifiers are used.

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Note : The motion sensor board has a second/alternate PIR sensor connected to MCU internal operational amplifier

channels Ch2 and Ch3. However, these Ch2/Ch3 operational amplifiers are not currently activated by the
current Firmware revision, then the second PIR sensor will not draw current. (However there is an additional
current drain thru R67 and R93 of about 0.34uA @3.3V that could be eliminated by removing either of these
resistors).

A buzzer is used to give the alarm, it is managed by the MCU (transistor driver).
The push button is used for the reset function.
The board can be powered by a 3V lithium battery (CR123). It can also be powered by power supply (E1 power supply
or external power). One battery CR123 is provided into the kit for the 4 boards. The E1 debugger is not provided.
Caution: Battery should never be installed when using E1 power supply or external power supply via CN02/CN01.

Smoke detector design explanation

The Smoke detector is an infrared reflective smoke sensor type. It will alert when smoke (or simulated smoke) is
detected for 3 seconds.

In order to test the smoke detector board, you can use product like “smoke check” or “smoke in a can” brand spray in
order to simulated smoke. The board will work with real smoke as well. The board is designed to reject any ambient
infrared light from direct/indirect sunlight or man-made IR sources. For the smoke sensor, the integrated operational
amplifiers of the RL78/I1D are used to perform the current to voltage (trans-conductance) conversion needed to detect
IR photodiode avalanche (reverse bias) current when reflected IR light is present. Only 2 operational amplifiers are used
in the Smoke detector demonstrator, and they are operating in High Speed mode. The RL78/I1D comparators are not
used for this Smoke detector design.

Figure Smoke sensor block diagram

The optical smoke chamber is the first element of the analog front end, this chamber is used to reduce the ambient light.
Inside an Infrared emitting LED and Infrared Photodiode are used to detect smoke particles by reflected IR light.

This optical smoke chamber is connected to 2 operational amplifiers of the RL78/I1D:

- First stage (DC) trans-conductance (current to voltage) amplifier

- Second stage DC amplifier, to provided additional DC gain.

The on-chip comparators are not used in the Smoke sensor board.

A buzzer is used to give the alarm, it is managed by the MCU (transistor driver).
The push button is used for the reset function.

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The board can be powered by a 3V lithium battery (CR123). It can also be powered by power supply (E1 power supply
or external power). One battery CR123 is provided into the kit for the 4 boards. The E1 debugger is not provided.
Caution: Battery should never be installed when using E1 power supply or external power supply via CN02/CN01.

3. Boards layout

Below are pictures of each board with short explanation of the main parts. The name of each board is written, on the
PCB (Please look at the PCB to identify each board).

Glass Break detector board layout

Please check the name of the board you are looking “GLASSBREAK_SENSOR_I1D”

Figure Glass break detector top view

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DETECT-IT RL78/I1D detector boards kit Kit User Manual

Figure Glass break detector bottom view

CO detector board layout

Please check the name of the board you are looking “CO_SENSOR_I1D”

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Figure CO detector top view

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Figure CO detector bottom view

Motion detector board layout

Please check the name of the board you are looking “MOTION_SENSOR_I1D”

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Figure Motion detector top view

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Figure Motion detector bottom view

Smoke detector board layout

Please check the name of the board you are looking “SMOKE_SENSOR_I1D”

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Figure Smoke detector top view

Figure Smoke detector equipped with Smoke chamber bottom view

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Figure Smoke detector without Smoke chamber bottom view

4. Content of the CD-ROM

The CD content is listed here:

Table CD ROM content list

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CD ROM folder Description of resources

Samples Programs IAR Samples programs for each demonstrators boards

• IAR samples program for Glass Break demonstrator

• IAR samples program for CO demonstrator

• IAR samples program for Motion demonstrator

• IAR samples program for Smoke demonstrator

Documentation

Acroread PDF reader
Application Leading Tool Latest version of Code generator tool provided by Renesas for RL78 series

Renesas Flash
Programmer

Videos

• User manual of the Detect it! kit

• User manual of the microcontroller RL78/I1D

• Quick start guide of the Detect it! Kit

• Datasheets of the various sensors and crystals used.

For each demonstrator boards :

• Schematics

• Gerber files

• Bill of Material

including RL78/I1D
Latest version of Flash Programmer tool provided by Renesas for all MCU

• Detect it! Kit Promotion video

• Detect it! Kit Technical video

By default, all the content of the kit will be installed in the following folder on your local PC:
<C:\Renesas\Workspace\YDETECT-IT-RL78 >
You can easily access to the content via the “Start” menu, in the “Program” sections under <Renesas Electronics

Tools> then <YDETECT-IT-RL78> . Just click on the document you want to open.

Figure Opening Detect it! content via Start menu

You can go also directly to <C:\Renesas\Workspace\YDETECT-IT-RL78 > which is the default installation program to
open the documentation provided with the kit.

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5. Board description

Glass Break detector board

Here are the pictures of the Glass Break sensor board

Figure Glass Break detector components top view

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