Redpine Signals M15SB User Manual
Redpine Signals, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential
RS9116 n-Link Linux and Android
TTeecchhnniiccaall RReeffeerreennccee MMaannuuaall
VVeerrssiioonn 11..88
November 2018
Redpine Signals, Inc.
2107 North First Street, #540
San Jose, CA 95131.
Tel: (408) 748-3385
Fax: (408) 705-2019
Email: sales@redpinesignals.com
Website: www.redpinesignals.com
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Disclaimer:
The information in this document pertains to information related to Redpine Signals, Inc. products. This information is
provided as a service to our customers, and may be used for information purposes only.
Redpine assumes no liabilities or responsibilities for errors or omissions in this document. This document may be changed
at any time at Redpine’s sole discretion without any prior notice to anyone. Redpine is not committed to updating this
document in the future.
Copyright © 2018 Redpine Signals, Inc. All rights reserved.
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About this Document
This document is a preliminary version of RS9116 n-Link Technical Reference Manual for Linux and Android, provided to
customers under a Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA).
src-23903865_BluetoothhcitoolandhciconfigUsage-_Toc174878560
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Table Of Contents
1 Introduction to RS9116 ........................................................................................................... 10
2 Getting Started with RS9116 ................................................................................................... 11
2.1 Hardware Requirements .............................................................................................................. 11
2.2 Software Requirements ............................................................................................................... 11
2.3 Software Package Contents .......................................................................................................... 11
3 Compiling the Driver ............................................................................................................... 12
4 Installing the Driver ................................................................................................................ 17
4.1 Installation of Modules ................................................................................................................ 17
4.2 Enabling a Protocol ...................................................................................................................... 17
4.3 Disabling a Protocol ..................................................................................................................... 18
4.4 OneBox-Mobile in Wi-Fi Only Mode ............................................................................................. 18
4.4.1 Installation in Wi-Fi Client Mode (with BSD interface support) ...................................................................... 18
4.4.2 Installation in Access Point Mode (with BSD interface support) ..................................................................... 22
4.4.3 Installation in Wi-Fi Client Mode (with NL80211 support).............................................................................. 23
4.4.4 Installation in Wi-Fi AP mode (with NL80211 support) ................................................................................... 25
4.4.5 Installation in Wi-Fi Direct Mode (With BSD Interface Support) ..................................................................... 27
4.4.5.1 Autonomous GO Mode ............................................................................................................................... 27
4.4.6 Installation in Wi-Fi Direct Mode (With NL80211 Support only for Kernel v3.8 or higher) ............................ 28
4.4.6.1 Autonomous GO Mode ............................................................................................................................... 28
4.5 OneBox-Mobile in Wi-Fi + Bluetooth Classic Coexistence Mode ..................................................... 29
4.6 OneBox-Mobile in Wi-Fi + Bluetooth LE Coexistence Mode ........................................................... 30
4.6.1 Advertise, Scan, Connect Commands .............................................................................................................. 30
4.7 OneBox-Mobile in Wi-Fi + Bluetooth Classic + Bluetooth LE Coexistence Mode .............................. 31
4.8 OneBox-Mobile in Wi-Fi + ZigBee Coexistence Mode ..................................................................... 33
4.8.1 Building and Running the Sample Home Automation Switch Application ...................................................... 33
4.8.1.1 About the Sample Application..................................................................................................................... 34
4.8.1.2 Host API Folder Structure ............................................................................................................................ 34
4.8.1.3 Building and Running the Home Automation Sample Application ............................................................. 34
4.9 Driver Uninstallation Procedure ................................................................................................... 34
4.10 Driver Information .................................................................................................................... 34
4.10.1 Driver Statistics ............................................................................................................................................... 34
4.10.2 Disabling Driver Debug Prints .......................................................................................................................... 35
5 Wi-Fi ioctl Usage Guide ........................................................................................................... 36
5.1 Configuring using Wireless Extensions .......................................................................................... 36
5.2 Private (Driver-Specific) Commands for Access Point and Client Modes ......................................... 38
5.3 Private (Driver- Specific) Commands for Access Point Mode .......................................................... 40
5.4 Private (Driver- Specific) Commands for Client Mode .................................................................... 44
5.5 Configuring Using onebox_util ...................................................................................................... 44
5.5.1 WPS Configuration .......................................................................................................................................... 55
5.5.1.1 Access Point Mode ...................................................................................................................................... 56
5.5.1.2 Client Mode ................................................................................................................................................. 57
6 Configuration Using CFG80211 ................................................................................................ 58
6.1 Using iw Wireless Tool ................................................................................................................. 58
7 Enterprise security using CFG80211 ........................................................................................ 61
7.1 Installation and configuration of FREERADIUS Server .................................................................... 61
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7.2 Configuration of AP and RADIUS server to use EAP methods ......................................................... 62
7.2.1 Configuration of the AP ................................................................................................................................... 63
7.2.2 Configuring hostapd as RADIUS server ........................................................................................................... 64
7.2.3 Configuring Station to connect to an EAP enabled AP. ................................................................................... 65
8 HOSTAPD and Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) ............................................................................ 68
8.1 Hostapd Configuration before Compilation ................................................................................... 68
8.2 Configuration in hostapd_ccmp.conf ............................................................................................ 68
8.3 WPS ............................................................................................................................................. 69
8.3.1 AP-mode for WPS -push button method ........................................................................................................ 69
8.3.2 AP-mode for WPS Enter-pin method .............................................................................................................. 69
8.3.3 AP-mode for WPS-Generate pin- method ....................................................................................................... 70
8.3.4 Disable AP pin .................................................................................................................................................. 70
8.3.5 Get the AP pin ................................................................................................................................................. 70
8.3.6 Set the AP pin .................................................................................................................................................. 71
8.3.7 Get the current configuration ......................................................................................................................... 71
9 ACS with Hostapd ................................................................................................................... 72
10 Antenna Diversity ................................................................................................................ 73
10.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 73
10.2 Configuration ........................................................................................................................... 73
11 Sniffer Mode ....................................................................................................................... 74
12 Monitor Mode ..................................................................................................................... 75
13 Concurrent Mode ................................................................................................................ 76
13.1 Installation Procedure .............................................................................................................. 76
13.1.1 Creating VAP in Client Mode ........................................................................................................................... 76
13.1.2 Creating VAP in AP mode ................................................................................................................................ 77
13.1.3 State of the Station ......................................................................................................................................... 78
14 Background Scan Parameters .............................................................................................. 81
15 Power save Modes, Profiles and Parameters ........................................................................ 82
15.1 Power save Modes ................................................................................................................... 82
15.2 Power save Profiles .................................................................................................................. 82
15.3 Wakeup Procedures and Data Retrieval .................................................................................... 82
15.4 Power save Parameters ............................................................................................................ 83
15.5 Procedure to enable device power save for USB interface.......................................................... 84
16 Wi-Fi Performance Test ioctl usage ...................................................................................... 89
16.1 WiFi Transmit Tests .................................................................................................................. 89
16.1.1 Transmit Command Usage .............................................................................................................................. 89
16.2 Wi-Fi Receive Tests ................................................................................................................... 93
16.2.1 Receive Command Usage ................................................................................................................................ 93
16.3 Continuous Wave (CW) mode ................................................................................................... 94
16.3.1 Command Usage ............................................................................................................................................. 94
17 Wake-On-Wireless LAN ....................................................................................................... 96
17.1 WoWLAN through onebox_util ................................................................................................. 96
17.2 WoWLAN using Linux power state machine ............................................................................... 96
17.2.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................................... 96
17.2.2 Configure WoWLAN ........................................................................................................................................ 97
17.3 Suspend system ........................................................................................................................ 98
17.4 Trigger wakeup ......................................................................................................................... 98
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18 PUF [ Physical Unclonable Functions ] .................................................................................. 99
18.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 99
18.2 Configuration ........................................................................................................................... 99
18.3 PUF Operations and IOCTL Usage .............................................................................................. 99
18.3.1 PUF Enroll ........................................................................................................................................................ 99
18.3.2 PUF Start ......................................................................................................................................................... 99
18.3.3 PUF Set Key ..................................................................................................................................................... 99
18.3.4 PUF Set Intrinsic Key ........................................................................................................................................ 99
18.3.5 PUF Get Key ..................................................................................................................................................... 99
18.3.6 PUF Load Key ................................................................................................................................................. 100
18.3.7 PUF AES Encryption ....................................................................................................................................... 100
18.3.8 PUF AES Decryption....................................................................................................................................... 100
18.3.9 PUF AES MAC Generation ............................................................................................................................. 100
18.3.10 PUF Block Enroll ........................................................................................................................................ 100
18.3.11 PUF Block Set Key ...................................................................................................................................... 100
18.3.12 PUF Block Get Key ..................................................................................................................................... 101
19 GTK Offload ....................................................................................................................... 102
19.1 Configuration .......................................................................................................................... 102
20 Steps to connect 802.11R client to AP ................................................................................ 103
21 Steps to configure 802.11W ............................................................................................... 104
21.1 Configuring and Compiling Driver for PMF in client mode: ........................................................ 104
21.2 Configuring and Compiling Driver for PMF in AP mode:............................................................. 104
22 Bluetooth hcitool and hciconfig Usage ............................................................................... 105
22.1 Bluetooth Power Save Commands ........................................................................................... 106
22.2 Bluetooth Performance Test ioctl Usage ................................................................................... 106
22.3 BT CLASSIC Transmit ................................................................................................................ 107
22.3.1 IOCTL ............................................................................................................................................................. 107
22.3.2 Description .................................................................................................................................................... 107
22.3.3 Appendix ....................................................................................................................................................... 108
22.4 BT Classic Receive .................................................................................................................... 111
22.4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 111
22.4.2 IOCTL ............................................................................................................................................................. 111
22.4.3 Description .................................................................................................................................................... 112
22.4.4 Appendix ....................................................................................................................................................... 112
22.5 BLE/BLR Transmit .................................................................................................................... 113
22.5.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 113
22.5.2 IOCTL ............................................................................................................................................................. 113
22.5.3 Description .................................................................................................................................................... 113
22.5.4 Appendix ....................................................................................................................................................... 114
22.6 BLE/BLR Receive ...................................................................................................................... 115
22.6.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 115
22.6.2 IOCTL ............................................................................................................................................................. 116
22.6.3 Description .................................................................................................................................................... 116
22.6.4 Appendix ....................................................................................................................................................... 116
22.7 Hopping .................................................................................................................................. 117
22.7.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 117
22.7.2 IOCTL ............................................................................................................................................................. 117
22.7.3 Description .................................................................................................................................................... 117
22.7.4 Appendix ....................................................................................................................................................... 117
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23 ZigBee Performance Test Application Usage ...................................................................... 119
23.1 ZigBee Transmit Tests .............................................................................................................. 119
23.2 Receive Tests ........................................................................................................................... 119
23.3 Continuous Wave Transmit Mode ............................................................................................ 120
24 Android support for RS9116............................................................................................... 122
25 Appendix A: Configuration of Kernels from 3.13 and above ................................................ 123
25.1 SDIO Stack Options .................................................................................................................. 123
25.2 Wireless Extension Tools.......................................................................................................... 124
25.3 Bluetooth Stack Options .......................................................................................................... 125
25.4 Kernel Compilation .................................................................................................................. 126
26 Appendix B: Binary Files for Embedded Platforms .............................................................. 127
26.1 Common Hardware Requirements for Embedded Platforms ..................................................... 127
26.2 Freescale i.MX6 ....................................................................................................................... 127
26.2.1 Hardware Requirements ............................................................................................................................... 127
26.2.2 Software Requirements ................................................................................................................................ 127
26.2.3 Hardware Setup ............................................................................................................................................ 127
26.2.4 Cross Compile and Copy OneBox-Mobile Software ...................................................................................... 127
26.3 Freescale i.MX53 ..................................................................................................................... 128
26.3.1 Hardware Requirements ............................................................................................................................... 128
26.3.2 Software Requirements ................................................................................................................................ 128
26.3.3 Hardware Setup ............................................................................................................................................ 128
26.3.4 Cross Compile and Copy OneBox-Mobile Software ...................................................................................... 129
26.4 Atmel AT91SAM9G45 and AT91SAM9M10 ............................................................................... 129
26.4.1 Hardware Requirements ............................................................................................................................... 129
26.4.2 Software Requirements ................................................................................................................................ 129
26.4.3 Hardware Setup ............................................................................................................................................ 129
26.4.4 Cross Compile and Copy OneBox-Mobile Software ...................................................................................... 130
27 Appendix C: Using the Bluetooth Manager ......................................................................... 131
28 Appendix D: Common Configuration Parameters ............................................................... 134
28.1 RF Power Mode parameter ...................................................................................................... 134
28.2 Country selection..................................................................................................................... 134
28.3 Antenna selection .................................................................................................................... 134
28.3.1 COEX Mode selection .................................................................................................................................... 135
28.3.2 BT RF Type ..................................................................................................................................................... 135
28.3.3 BLE_TX_PWR_INX.......................................................................................................................................... 135
28.3.4 BLE_PWR_SAVE_OPTIONS ............................................................................................................................ 135
29 Appendix E: Installation of Missing Generic Netlink Libraries ............................................. 137
30 Appendix F: Procedure to use latest supplicant with NL80211 interface ............................. 138
30.1 Bgscan and Roaming ................................................................................................................ 138
30.1.1 Description .................................................................................................................................................... 138
30.1.2 Configure Connection quality monitoring (cqm ) rssi and hysteresis using iw command ............................ 139
31 Appendix G: Considerations need to be made during hostapd usage .................................. 140
31.1 Parameters updated from hostapd.conf file ............................................................................. 140
31.2 Paramaeters that will not get updated from hostapd.conf file .................................................. 140
32 RS9116 n-Link Software TRM Revision History ................................................................... 141
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Table of Figures
No table of figures entries found.
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Table of Tables
No table of figures entries found.
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1 Introduction to RS9116
The OneBox-Mobile(refers to single software providing combo of all the features supported) software supports the
following modes. They are outlined below:
• Wi-Fi (Access Point, Client, Wi-Fi-Direct (P2P), Sniffer and Monitor modes)
• Bluetooth Classic
• Bluetooth Low Energy
• ZigBee (Coordinator, Router and End device modes).
The OneBox-Mobile Coexistence software supports the following combination of modes. They are as follows:
• WLAN STATION /WIFI-Direct/WLAN PER
• WLAN ACCESS POINT(including muliple APs on different vaps)
• WLAN ACCESS POINT + STATION MODE(on multiple vaps)
• WAKE ON WIRELESS(WOWLAN)
• BT CLASSIC MODE/BT CLASSIC PER MODE
• WLAN STATION + BT CLASSIC MODE
• WLAN ACCESS POINT + BT CLASSIC MODE
• BT LE MODE /BT LE PER MODE
• WLAN STATION + BT LE MODE
• BT CLASSIC + BT LE MODE
• WLAN STATION + BT CLASSIC MODE + BT LE MODE
• WLAN ACCESS POINT + BT CLASSIC MODE+ BT LE MODE
• ZIGBEE MODE/ ZIGBEE PER MODE
• WLAN STATION + ZIGBEE
• ZIGBEE COORDINATOR MODE
• ZIGBEE ROUTER MODE
The subsequent sections explain the use of OneBox-Mobile software . The installation and operation of the driver on
specific representative processor platforms have been explained in the Appendix sections.
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2 Getting Started with RS9116
This section lists the hardware and software requirements for the installation of the software and also describes the steps
to be followed to initialize and run the software.
2.1 Hardware Requirements
The Hardware requirements are as follows:
• RS9116N n-Link® Module
• Laptop/PC with SDIO or USB interface or any embedded platform with Linux Board support package.
If the Laptop/PC does not have an SDIO slot, a SDHC/SD/MMC to CardBus Adapter like the one available at
http://www.hwtools.net/cardreader/SDCBA_C01.html can be used.
2.2 Software Requirements
The Software requirements are as follows:
• Linux with kernel version from 2.6.38 to 4.18.5 – should enable the open source SDIO and USB stacks.
• DHCP Server (for Wi-Fi Access Point mode)
• Bluetooth supported commands bluetoothctl and bluetoothd must be present.
• Compatible Bluetooth Host Stack, e.g., the Open Source BlueZ Stack v4.101
• ncurses and ncurses-devel libraries
For kernel versions 3.13 and above, refer to the section on Appendix A: Configuration of Kernels from 3.13 and
above to ensure correct kernel configuration.
2.3 Software Package Contents
The OneBox-Mobile Software is delivered as a tarball with a filename in the format: RS9116.NXX.NL.GEN.LNX.x.y.z.tgz,
where the naming convention is as follows:
NXX – defines whether the package supports only Wi-Fi (N00) or Bluetooth Classic/Low Energy along with Wi-Fi (NB0) or
ZigBee along with Wi-Fi (N0Z) or Bluetooth Classic/Low Energy and ZigBee along with Wi-Fi (NBZ).
x.y.z – identifies the software package.
Redpine driver comes in proprietary and open source form.The Linux driver package contains the following files/folders:
• Readme_nLink.txt
• Releasenotes_nLink.txt
• Documents
• Binary_files (optional)
• source (optional)
Based on the Software License Agreement, driver source code will be available for the users from
"https://www.redpinenetworks.us/OpenKM/login.jsp"
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3 Compiling the Driver
This section describes the steps to be followed in order to compile the OneBox-Mobile Linux software for different
platforms. The steps are outlined below:
1. Save the required configuration of Driver using the menuconfig utility.
Following are the options available in menuconfig:
• Host Interface: SDIO or USB.
• Operating system: Linux or Android
• Nl80211 support
• Hostapd Support
• WIFI
• BLUETOOTH
• ZIGBEE
2. To open menuconfig utility, untar the tar ball, go to source->host folder & enter the given below command.
make menuconfig
The following images show the menuconfig utility options.
Figure 1: Main Page of menuconfig
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Figure 2: Selecting Operating System
By default, the driver package includes "BSD" support. In case the user needs "Nl80211" support for Access point and
Station modes, select the menuconfig accordingly. For Nl80211, the "Hostapd" application is used as a configuration
utility.
Figure 3: Selection of
NL80211 and Hostapd Support
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If NL80211 support is enabled in the driver, make sure that the following modules are loaded in the kernel before
running the driver in order to avoid module dependencies. This can be verified by using the commands.
# lsmod | grep cfg80211
# lsmod | grep bluetooth
If they are not installed, can be installed by using the commands below :
# modprobe cfg80211
# modprobe bluetooth
By default the configuration is enabled with Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and ZigBee. If the user wants to compile the driver for a
particular protocol, he can disable the unwanted protocols in Menuconfig utility. In case of coex mode, the Wi-Fi must
always be enabled in conjunction with BT / ZigBee protocols, even if Wi-Fi will not be used.
For example, if the user wants to compile the driver only for Bluetooth only, the Wi-Fi and Bluetooth mode must be
enabled. Refer to the following images of Menuconfig utility for more information:
Figure 4: Selection of WIFI
Only Mode
3. After selecting the configuration, exit the menuconfig and save the configuration. Please refer the given below image of
saving the configuration.
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Figure 5: Save the changes
before exiting
4. Now to compile the driver, enter the following command:
make
The code is compiled and the binaries are generated in the source/host/release folder. For embedded platforms, modify
the path assigned to the "DEF_KERNEL_DIR" variable in the Makefile:
cd RS9116.NXX.NL.GEN.LNX.x.y.z/source/host
vim Makefile
The DEF_KERNEL_DIR variable has to be assigned along with the compiled kernel path. For an x86 based Linux platform,
the path is usually "/lib/modules/<kernel_version>/build" and this is the path assigned in the Makefile provided in the
package.
Example:
DEF_KERNEL_DIR:= /lib/modules/3.4.66/build
Next, use the "make" command to start compiling the driver. For embedded platforms, add the target platform and
toolchain path as cross compilation option to the "make" command.
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For example, if the target platform is ARM and tool chain path is "/opt/freescale/usr/local/gcc-4.4.4-glibc-2.11.1multilib-1.0/arm-fsl-linux-gnueabi/bin/arm-none-linux-gnueabi-", then the command is issued as:
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=/opt/freescale/usr/local/gcc-4.4.4-glibc-2.11.1-multilib-1.0/arm-fsl-linuxgnueabi/bin/arm-none-linux-gnueabi-
Before installing the Onebox RS9116 Driver modules, make sure that the RSI opensource modules are uninstalled.
This has been taken care in the onebox_insert.sh script.
In order to un-install the RSI opensource driver, use the following commands:
# rmmod rsi_usb
# rmmod rsi_sdo
# rmmod rsi_91x
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4 Installing the Driver
4.1 Installation of Modules
After completion of compilation, the driver generates the following modules in the release folder. They are outlined
below:
• onebox_common_gpl.ko
• onebox_gpl.ko
• onebox_nongpl.ko
• onebox_wlan_gpl.ko
• onebox_wlan_nongpl.ko
• onebox_bt_gpl.ko
• onebox_bt_nongpl.ko
• onebox_zb_gpl.ko
• onebox_zb_nongpl.ko
• wlan.ko
• wlan_wep.ko
• wlan_ccmp.ko
• wlan_tkip.ko
• wlan_acl.ko
• wlan_scan_sta.ko
• wlan_xauth.ko
Load various modules in the following order:
Load onebox common gpl module
# insmod onebox_common_gpl.ko
Load protocol related Modules (Wi-Fi, BT, ZigBee)
Load common Hal Modules (onebox_nongpl.ko and onebox_gpl.ko).
4.2 Enabling a Protocol
Execute following command to enable required protocol(s):
# ./onebox_util rpine0 enable_protocol $protocol_value
Below are the possible values of protocol.
• 1 – Enables Wi-Fi only
• 2 – Enables Bluetooth only
• 4 – Enables ZigBee only
• 3 – Enables both Wi-Fi+Bluetooth
• 5 – Enables both Wi-Fi+ZigBee
Note:
• If user selects only Wi-Fi in Menuconfig during the compilation of Driver, use the command below :
sh wlan_enable.sh
• If user selects only Bluetooth in Menuconfig during the compilation of Driver, use the command below :
sh bt_enable.sh
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• If user selects only ZigBee in Menuconfig during the compilation of Driver, use the command below:
sh zigb_enable.sh
• If user selects both Wi-Fi and Bluetooth in Menuconfig during the compilation of Driver, use the command below :
sh wlan_bt_insert.sh
• If user selects both Wi-Fi and ZigBee in Menuconfig during the compilation of Driver, use the command below :
sh wlan_zigb_insert.sh
• If user selects all the protocols in Menuconfig during the compilation of Driver, use the command below :
sh onebox_insert.sh
and need to run individual protocol enable scripts.
4.3 Disabling a Protocol
Execute he following command to disable required protocol(s):
# ./onebox_util rpine0 disable_protocol $protocol_value
• the possible values of protocol is same as mentioned in Enabling a Protocol.
Note:
• If user wants to disable only WLAN, use the command below :
sh wlan_disable.sh
• If user wants to disable only Bluetooth, use the command below :
sh bt_disable.sh
• If user wants to disable only ZigBee, use the command below :
sh zigb_disable.sh
• If user wants to disable both WLAN and Bluetooth or both WLAN and ZigBee , use the command below :
sh remove_all.sh
Disabling of protocol is not recommended when Wi-Fi is operating in AccessPoint mode.
4.4 OneBox-Mobile in Wi-Fi Only Mode
The steps for starting the Wi-Fi Only mode in Client, AccessPoint and Wi-Fi Direct modes are as follows:
1. Open the common_insert.sh file present in the "release" folder.
2. Ensure DRIVER_MODE and COEX_MODE are set as below:
• DRIVER_MODE = 1
• COEX_MODE = 1 (For Station Mode only/WIFI-Direct)
• COEX_MODE = 2 (For Access Point Mode)
• COEX_MODE = 3 (For Both Access Point and Station Modes)
For SDIO mode, ensure that the SDIO stack related modules are already inserted in the kernel refer Appendix A:
Configuration of Kernels from 3.13 and above section to install sdio stack modules .
4.4.1 Installation in Wi-Fi Client Mode (with BSD interface support)
The steps for installing OneBox-Mobile software in Wi-Fi Client Mode are as follows:
1. Edit the "sta_settings.conf" file in the "release" folder and enter the parameters of the Wi-Fi network as given below:
For Open (non-Secure) mode
network={
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ssid="<SSID of Access Point>"
key_mgmt=NONE
}
For WPA-PSK (TKIP) mode
network={
ssid="<SSID of Access Point>"
key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
psk=<passphrase specified in the Access Point>
proto=WPA
pairwise=TKIP
group=TKIP
}
For WPA2-PSK (CCMP) mode
network={
ssid="<SSID of Access Point>"
key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
psk=<passphrase specified in the Access Point>
proto=WPA2
pairwise=CCMP
group=CCMP
}
For WEP-64 mode
network={
ssid="<SSID of Access Point>"
key_mgmt=NONE
wep_key0=XXXXXXXXXX
wep_tx_keyidx=X
}
The key can be input either in ASCII or Hexadecimal formats:
ASCII Format: wep_key0="12345"
Hexadecimal Format: wep_key0=1234567890
The key index can vary between 0 and 3.
For WEP-128 mode
network={
ssid="<SSID of Access Point>"
key_mgmt=NONE
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wep_key0=XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
wep_tx_keyidx=X
}
The key can be input either in ASCII or Hexadecimal formats:
ASCII Format: wep_key0="1234567890123"
Hexadecimal Format: wep_key0=12345678901234567890123456
The key index can vary between 0 and 3.
For WEP-Shared (64-bit) mode
network={
ssid="<SSID of Access Point>"
key_mgmt=NONE
wep_key0=XXXXXXXXXX
wep_tx_keyidx=X
auth_alg=SHARED
}
The key can be input either in ASCII or Hexadecimal formats:
ASCII Format: wep_key0="12345"
Hexadecimal Format: wep_key0=1234567890
The key index can vary between 0 and 3.
To connect to an Access Point whose SSID is not broadcast (Hidden), add the following line to the network block.
scan_ssid=1
For example
network={
ssid="<SSID of Access Point>"
scan_ssid=1
key_mgmt=NONE
}
Next, run the "start_sta.sh" script in the "release" folder to load the driver modules and the supplicant and also connect
to the Access Point specified in the "sta_settings.conf" file.
sh start_sta.sh
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User needs to make sure of the module detection w.r.t interface being used. If the module is not detected, user will
end up with errors displayed on the console !
After issuing the above command, a virtual interface with the name "wifi0" will be created. You can view the list of
interfaces by entering the following command:
ifconfig –a
You can check whether the connection to the Access Point is successful or not, by running the following command:
iwconfig wifi0
The sample output of this command is
wifi0 IEEE 802.11bgn ESSID:"Range" Nickname:""
Mode:Managed Frequency:2.412 GHz Access Point: 38:A4:ED:DE:BB:06
Bit Rate:39 Mb/s Tx-Power=16 dBm Sensitivity=1/0
RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off
Encryption key:****-**** Security mode:restricted
Power Management:off
Link Quality=80/80 Signal level=-28 dBm Noise level:0 dBm
Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0
Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:0 Missed beacon:0
This command gives the status of the device. If the connection is successful, then the connected Access point SSID along
with the MAC address is displayed. If it is not connected to an Access point, a message "Not Associated" is displayed.
To view the list of Access Points scanned in each channel, you can run the following command in the "release" folder.
./wpa_cli –i wifi0 scan_results
To obtain an IP address using DHCP, start the DHCP client by entering below commands. (1st command to remove entry
for existing dhcp and 2nd to create a new entry).
$ dhclient -r wifi0
$ dhclient -v wifi0
The sample output of dhclient command is given below
Listening on LPF/wifi0/88:da:1a:1e:b2:58
Sending on LPF/wifi0/88:da:1a:1e:b2:58
Sending on Socket/fallback
DHCPDISCOVER on wifi0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 4 (xid=0x133cec16)
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DHCPREQUEST on wifi0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 (xid=0x133cec16)
DHCPOFFER from 192.168.43.1
DHCPACK from 192.168.43.1 (xid=0x133cec16)
bound to 192.168.43.167 -- renewal in 1783 seconds
4.4.2 Installation in Access Point Mode (with BSD interface support)
The steps for installing OneBox-Mobile software in Access Point Mode are as follows:
1. The "start_ap.sh" script present in the "release" folder needs to be run with the different configuration files present
in the same folder in order to install an Access Point in different security modes.
# sh start_ap.sh <conf_file>
For example : sh start_ap.sh wpa_supplicant_open.conf
The different configuration files (.conf files) present in the "release" folder are as follows:
For Access Point in Open Mode, wpa_supplicant_open.conf configuration file is used, and this starts an Access Point with
the following parameters:
• SSID: REDPINE_AP
• Channel 1 of 2.4GHz Band (2412 MHz)
• Open (non-Secure) mode
For Access Point in WEP-64 Mode, wpa_supplicant_wep64.conf configuration file is used, and this starts an Access Point
with the following parameters:
• SSID: onebox_wep
• Channel 1 of 2.4GHz Band (2412 MHz)
• Security Mode: WEP-64
• WEP Key: 1234567890
• Key Index: 0
For Access Point in WEP-128 Mode, wpa_supplicant_wep128.conf configuration file is used, and this starts an Access Point
with the following parameters:
• SSID: onebox_wep
• Channel 1 of 2.4GHz Band (2412 MHz)
• Security Mode: WEP-128
• WEP Key: 12345678901234567890123456
• Key Index: 0
For Access Point in WPA-PSK (TKIP) Mode, wpa_supplicant_tkip.conf configuration file is used, and this starts an Access
Point with the following parameters:
• SSID: onebox_tkip
• Channel 1 of 2.4GHz Band (2412 MHz)
• Security Mode: WPA-PSK (TKIP)
• Passphrase: "12345678"
For Access Point in WPA2-PSK (CCMP) Mode, wpa_supplicant_ccmp.conf configuration file is used, and this starts an
Access Point with the following parameters:
• SSID: onebox_ccmp
• Channel 1 of 2.4GHz Band (2412 MHz)
• Security Mode: WPA2-PSK (CCMP)
• Passphrase: "12345678"
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All the above mentioned parameters can be modified in the respective configuration files by the user. The values
provided in the above mentioned parameters are only for reference.
The Access Point does not support WEP-Shared algorithm in the current release.
2. After running the "start_ap.sh" script a virtual interface with the name "wifi1" will be created. You can view the list of
interfaces using the following command:
ifconfig –a
You can check whether the Access Point has been started successfully or not, by running the following command:
iwconfig wifi1
The sample output of this command is
wifi1 IEEE 802.11bgn ESSID:"test" Nickname:""
Mode:Master Frequency:2.432 GHz Access Point: 88:DA:1A:16:E5:5D
Bit Rate:6 Mb/s Tx-Power=30 dBm Sensitivity=1/0
RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off
Encryption key:off
Power Management:off
Link Quality=80/80 Noise level:0 dBm
Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0
Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:0 Missed beacon:0
This command gives the status of the device. It displays the Access Point's SSID along with the MAC address and channel
frequency. If the Access Point does not start, a message saying "Exiting: Driver Initialization not completed even after
waiting for xxms" is displayed.
To start a DHCP server, use the commands below.
sh dhcp_server.sh wifi1
Note: If DHCP server is not present , we can also assign IP statically by using following command. Also it should be noted
that dhclient at connected clients will not work as dhcp server is not started at AP. We should assign IP statically at client
side also.
ifconfig <interface> <IP>
Example : ifconfig wifi1 192.168.2.1
4.4.3 Installation in Wi-Fi Client Mode (with NL80211 support)
The steps for installing Wi-Fi Only mode in Client are as follows:
1. Open the common_insert.sh file present in the "release" folder.
2. Ensure that the DRIVER_MODE and COEX_MODE are set as below:
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• DRIVER_MODE = 1
• COEX_MODE = 1 (For Station Mode only/WIFI-Direct)
or
• COEX_MODE = 3 (For Both Access Point and Station Modes)
For SDIO mode, ensure that the SDIO stack related modules are already inserted in the kernel refer Appendix A:
Configuration of Kernels from 3.13 and above section to install sdio stack modules .
Ensure that in menuconfig, NL80211 support is enabled as mentioned in Figure 4.
3. Compile the driver.
Make sure the following parameters are enabled in the supplicant configuration file
(wlan/supplicant/linux/wpa_supplicant/.config)
CONFIG_DRIVER_NL80211=y
CONFIG_LIBNL32=y
$ make
4. Go to the release folder and start the device in station mode.
$ cd release
$ sh wlan_enable.sh
5. Issue the following command to get physical interfaces on which we can add wifi0 interface
$iw phy | grep phy
The output of the command will be phyX (X can be 1,2,3,… eg:phy1,phy2 etc)
In case of multiple phy's to identify the appropriate phy on which to run the command, enter the following
command.
iw dev
The sample output of this command is
phy#3
Interface wlp0s26u1u2
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ifindex 10
wdev 0x300000001
addr 00:23:a7:65:2a:ac
type managed
phy#0
Interface wlo1
ifindex 3
wdev 0x1
addr a4:17:31:a7:82:a3
type managed
In the above example "Phy3" is Redpine's interface.
Assuming the physical interface is detected as phy1, refer the below steps to create a virtual interface.
6. Add the wireless interface to the phy.
$service NetworkManager stop
$iw phy phy1 interface add wifi0 type managed
Instead of following the above 2 steps i.e. step 5 and step 6, we can directly create vap by using "onebox_util" binary
present in the release folder.
cd release
./onebox_util rpine0 create_vap wifi0 sta sw_bmiss
Run the supplicant after configuring sta_settings.conf with required AP settings as mentioned in the section Installation in
Wi-Fi Client Mode (with BSD interface support)
In the sta_settings.conf file, in addition to the above all configurations as mentioned for BSD case, NL80211 mode
required country input in the global fields which need to be set as specified below.
country=US
Now run supplicant as given below.
$ ./wpa_supplicant -i wifi0 -D nl802ll -c sta_settings.conf -ddddt > log &
4.4.4 Installation in Wi-Fi AP mode (with NL80211 support)
The steps for installing Wi-Fi Only mode in AP are as follows:
1. Open the common_insert.sh file present in the "release" folder.
2. Ensure that the DRIVER_MODE and COEX_MODE are set as below
• DRIVER_MODE = 1
• COEX_MODE = 2 (For Access Point Mode)
(Or)
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• COEX_MODE = 3 (For Both Access Point and Station Modes)
3. Ensure that in menuconfig, NL80211 and HOSTAPD support is enabled.
4. Compile the driver.
Make sure the following parameters are enabled in the hostapd configuration file (wlan/hostapd-
2.4/hostapd/.config)
CONFIG_LIBNL32=y
$ make
Compilation of NL80211 requires libnl library files. Please refer to page Appendix F: Installation of Missing Generic
Netlink Libraries for configuration of hoapd.conf file for libnl and installing libnl drivers if they are not available.
5. Go to the release folder and start the device in Access Point mode.
$ cd release
$ sh wlan_enable.sh
6. Issue the following command to get physical interfaces on which we can add wifi0 interface
$iw phy | grep phy
The output of the command will be phyX (X can be 1,2,3,… eg:phy1,phy2 etc)
• Now add wifi0 interface to phyX.
• $service NetworkManager stop
• $iw phy phy1 interface add wifi0 type __ap
Instead of following the above steps in step 6, we can directly create vap by using "onebox_util" binary present in the
release folder
$ ./onebox_util rpine0 create_vap wifi0 ap
Configure the SSID Settings of the AP in the hostapd_open.conf file (say if you are starting AP in open mode).
In order to start AP in a particular band and channels, configure variables hw_mode, channel and country in
hostapd_open.conf (present in release folder) file as follows :
• hw_mode=a ('a'-5GHz and 'g'-2.4GHz)
• channel=36
• country_code=US
Note:
Channel selection in the hostapd_open.conf file should be appropriate as per the band selected.
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Make sure in hostapd_open.conf file, the AP netdevice name is set to wifi0 or wifi1 according to the interface obtained by
following the above steps.
For eg:
• Interface = wifi0
Note: Refer section Appendix G: Considerations need to be made during hostapd usage for description of other
configurable parameters of hostapd.conf file(s).
7. Run hostapd with following command
$ ./hostapd hostapd_open.conf –ddddt> log &
In the same way, we can also configure required SSID and Passphrase and key management settings in
hostapd_ccmp.conf, hostapd_wep.conf, hostapd_tkip.conf files accordingly.
If you want to use Auto Channel Selection using hostapd refer ACS with Hostapd section.
4.4.5 Installation in Wi-Fi Direct Mode (With BSD Interface Support)
The steps for installing OneBox-Mobile software in Wi-Fi Direct Mode are as follows:
The "start_p2p.sh" script present in the "release" folder needs to be run in order to start the supplicant and also for
installing the Wi-Fi Direct mode. The configurable parameters in the p2p.conf file are outlined below:
• listen channel
• operating channel
• GO Intent
After starting the supplicant, the p2p_commands mentioned below should be executed.
• To find other P2P networks
• #. /wpa_cli –i wifi0 p2p_find
• To find other P2P devices in range
• #. /wpa_cli –i wifi0 p2p_peers
• To connect to a P2P network
• #. /wpa_cli –i wifi0 p2p_connect <BSS ID> pbc go_intent=<intent value>
Here the intent value range is between 0 and 15 (Putting intent value to 0 makes p2p device as client and 15 makes p2p
device as group owner).
4.4.5.1 Autonomous GO Mode
The given below command is used to start the device in Autonomous GO mode:
# ./wpa_cli –i wifi0 p2p_group_add freq=<channel_freq>
The "channel_freq" input mentioned in the above command is the center frequency of the Wi-Fi channel in which the GO
needs to be started The OneBox-Mobile software supports DFS slave mode. However, DFS Channels need to be avoided
till the module is certified for DFS.. If this parameter is not provided, then the GO will start in the channel specified in the
p2p.conf file.
Legacy Wi-Fi clients (non P2P clients) need a passphrase to connect to the p2p group. The command given below
generates the passphrase for legacy Wi-Fi clients.
#. /wpa_cli –i wifi0 p2p_get_passphrase
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4.4.6 Installation in Wi-Fi Direct Mode (With NL80211 Support only for Kernel v3.8 or higher)
The steps for installing OneBox-Mobile software in Wi-Fi Direct Mode are as follows:
The "start_p2p_nl80211.sh" script present in the "release" folder needs to be run in order to start the supplicant and also
for installing the Wi-Fi Direct mode. The configurable parameters in the p2p_nl80211.conf file are outlined below:
• listen channel
• operating channel
• GO Intent
wpa_supplicant version used should be latest one (2.6 or higher). Please check the start_p2p_nl80211.sh script for better
understanding and update it accordingly.
After starting the supplicant, the p2p_commands mentioned below should be executed.
• To find other P2P networks
#. /wpa_cli –i wifi0 p2p_find
• To find other P2P devices in range
#. /wpa_cli –i wifi0 p2p_peers
• To connect to a P2P network
#. /wpa_cli –i wifi0 p2p_connect <BSS ID> pbc go_intent=<intent value>
Here the intent value range is between 0 and 15 (Putting intent value to 0 makes p2p device as client and 15 makes p2p
device as group owner). If you are becoming GO, dhcp server should be running on GO Interface.
4.4.6.1 Autonomous GO Mode
The steps for installing OneBox-Mobile software in Wi-Fi Direct Mode are as follows:
The "start_p2pgo.sh" script present in the "release" folder needs to be run in order to start the supplicant and also for
installing the Wi-Fi Direct mode. The configurable parameters in the p2p_nl80211.conf file are outlined below:
• listen channel
• operating channel
• GO Intent
wpa_supplicant version used should be latest one (2.6 or higher). Please check the start_p2pgo.sh script for better
understanding and update it accordingly.
The given below command is used to start the device in Autonomous GO mode:
# ./wpa_cli –i wifi0 p2p_group_add freq=<channel_freq>
The "channel_freq" input mentioned in the above command is the center frequency of the Wi-Fi channel in which the GO
needs to be started The OneBox-Mobile software supports DFS slave mode. However, DFS Channels need to be avoided
till the module is certified for DFS.. If this parameter is not provided, then the GO will start in the channel specified in the
p2p_nl80211.conf file.
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• P2P Devices can scan this Group Owner and can connect directly. Run following command to start receiving connect
calls from P2P devices
#. /wpa_cli –i wifi0
- > wps_pbc
You will start getting ENROLEE detect calls from other P2P Devices in the vicinity. You can see the running logs on wpa_cli
prompt for the device getting connected.
• Legacy Wi-Fi clients (non P2P clients) need a passphrase to connect to the p2p group. The command given below
generates the passphrase for legacy Wi-Fi clients.
#. /wpa_cli –i wifi0 p2p_get_passphrase
• Run DHCP Server on GO Interface before connecting P2P or Legacy devices.
4.5 OneBox-Mobile in Wi-Fi + Bluetooth Classic Coexistence Mode
This section explains about the installation of Wi-Fi and BT Classic modes. Please note that in case of using Coexistence
mode, each protocol should be loaded individually one after the other.
• Open the common_insert.sh file present in the "release" folder.
• Ensure that the DRIVER_MODE and COEX_MODE are set as below:
- DRIVER_MODE = 1
- COEX_MODE = 5(For WLAN Station and BT Classic Mode)
- COEX_MODE = 6 (For WLAN Access Point and BT Classic Mode)
For SDIO mode, ensure that the SDIO stack related modules are already inserted in the kernel refer Appendix A:
Configuration of Kernels from 3.13 and above section to install sdio stack modules .
1. Follow the instructions mentioned in the section 4.4.1 Installation in Wi-Fi Client Mode inorder to install the Wi-Fi
Client mode.
2. Run the "bt_enable.sh" or wlan_bt_insert.sh or onebox_insert.sh script present in the "release" folder as per the
instructions given in the Installing the Driver in order to start the Bluetooth Classic mode. This script inserts Bluetooth
modules and common HAL modules, provided if it is not already inserted.
3. You can check whether the BT Classic mode has been started successfully or not, by running the following command:
hciconfig
If the driver is loaded correctly, the above command displays a network adaptor named "hciX". An example output is
given below:
hci0:Type: BR/EDR Bus: SDIO
BD Address: 00:23:A7:00:05:68 ACL MTU: 1021:8 SCO MTU: 30:8
UP RUNNING PSCAN
RX bytes:478 acl:0 sco:0 events:20 errors:0
TX bytes:331 acl:0 sco:0 commands:19 errors:0
4. After the device is up, we can pair it with the other devices using the Bluetooth Manager application. The files can also
be sent and received using Bluetooth Manager. Instead of Bluetooth Manager, the device can be configured using
"hcitool" or "hciconfig". The procedure for using Bluetooth Manager is explained in the section Appendix C: Using the
Bluetooth Manager
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4.6 OneBox-Mobile in Wi-Fi + Bluetooth LE Coexistence Mode
This section describes the installation of Wi-Fi and Bluetooth LE (BLE) modes. Please note that in case of using Coexistence
mode, each protocol should be loaded individually one after the other.
• Open the common_insert.sh file present in "release" folder.
• Ensure that the DRIVER_MODE and COEX_MODE as set as below
- DRIVER_MODE = 1
- COEX_MODE = 9 (For WLAN Station and BT LE)
Note:
For SDIO mode, ensure that the SDIO stack related modules are already inserted in the kernel refer Appendix A:
Configuration of Kernels from 3.13 and above section to install sdio stack modules .
1. Follow the instructions in section 4.4.1 Installation in Wi-Fi Client Mode, inorder to install the Wi-Fi Client mode.
2. Run the bt_enable.sh or wlan_bt_insert.sh or onebox_insert.sh script present in the "release" folder as per the
instructions present in the section 4.1 inorder to start the Bluetooth LE mode. This script inserts Bluetooth modules as
well as common HAL modules, provided if it is not inserted initially.
3. You can check whether the BLE mode has been started successfully or not, by running the following command:
# hciconfig
If the driver is loaded correctly, the above command displays a network adaptor named "hciX". An example output is given
below:
hci0:Type: BR/EDR Bus: SDIO
BD Address: 00:23:A7:00:05:68 ACL MTU: 1021:8 SCO MTU: 30:8
UP RUNNING PSCAN
RX bytes:478 acl:0 sco:0 events:20 errors:0
TX bytes:331 acl:0 sco:0 commands:19 errors:0
4. After the device is up, we can Advertise, Scan and Connect with other BLE devices. The device can be configured using
hcitool or hciconfig.
4.6.1 Advertise, Scan, Connect Commands
The commands for Advertise, Scan and Connect are as follows:
• Enable Advertise
# hciconfig –a <hciX> leadv
• Disable Advertise
# hciconfig –a <hciX> noleadv
• Initiate Scan
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