Redhat NETSCAPE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM User Manual

Command-Line Tools Guide
Netscape Certificate Management System
Version 6.01
May 2002
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Contents

AboutThisGuide............................................................... 7
WhatYouShouldAlreadyKnow ..........................................................7
What’sinThisGuide.....................................................................8
ConventionsUsedinThisGuide ..........................................................9
WheretoGoforRelatedInformation......................................................10
Chapter 1 Command-LineTools................................................ 13
Chapter 2 CMSUpgradeUtility................................................. 17
BeforeUpgrading ......................................................................17
BackingUpYourPreviousCMSInstance ...............................................18
LocatingYourPreviousSecurityDatabases .............................................18
CreatingYourPreviousInternalDatabaseFileinLDIFFormat.............................19
CreatinganLDIFFileforCMS4.2or4.5InternalDatabase .............................19
CreatinganLDIFFileforCMS6.0InternalDatabase...................................19
NormalizingYourPreviousInternalDatabaseFile .......................................20
ConvertingtheCMS4.2LDIFFiletoaTextFormat ....................................20
ConvertingtheCMS4.5LDIFFiletoaTextFormat ....................................21
ConvertingtheCMS6.0LDIFFiletoaTextFormat ....................................21
Upgrading.............................................................................21
Installing and Configuring CMS 6.01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
ShuttingDowntheCMS6.01Server....................................................22
Installing the Old Security Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Installing CMS 4.2 or 4.5 Security Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Installing CMS 6.0 Security Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Installing the Old Internal Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
UpdatingtheCMS6.01PasswordCache ................................................24
3
StartingUptheCMS6.01Server....................................................... 24
AfterUpgrading ....................................................................... 25
Chapter 3 Password Cache Utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Location .............................................................................. 27
Syntax ................................................................................ 28
Usage................................................................................. 28
ListingtheContentsofthePasswordCache............................................. 29
Adding a New Entry to the Password Cache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
ChangingthePasswordofanEntryinthePasswordCache ............................... 30
DeletinganEntryFromthePasswordCache ............................................ 31
Chapter 4 PIN Generator Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
LocatingthePINGeneratorTool ......................................................... 33
ThesetpinCommand ................................................................... 34
Command-LineSyntax ............................................................... 34
Arguments....................................................................... 34
Example ......................................................................... 37
HowtheToolWorks ................................................................... 38
InputFile........................................................................... 40
OutputFile ......................................................................... 42
HowPINsAreStoredintheDirectory ................................................. 43
ExitCodes .......................................................................... 43
Chapter 5 Extension Joiner Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Location .............................................................................. 46
Syntax ................................................................................ 46
Usage................................................................................. 46
Chapter 6 BackingUpandRestoringData ....................................... 49
BackupandRestoreTools ............................................................... 49
BackingUpData ....................................................................... 50
WhattheBackupToolDoes........................................................... 50
WhattheBackupToolDoesNotDo.................................................... 53
RunningtheBackupTool............................................................. 53
AfterYouFinishaBackup ............................................................ 54
RestoringData......................................................................... 55
BeforeYouRestoreData.............................................................. 55
RunningtheRestoreTool............................................................. 57
4 Netscape Certificate Management System Command-Line Tools Guide • May 2002
Chapter 7 ASCIItoBinaryTool................................................. 61
Location...............................................................................61
Syntax ................................................................................61
Example...............................................................................62
Chapter 8 BinarytoASCIITool................................................. 63
Location...............................................................................63
Syntax ................................................................................63
Example...............................................................................64
Chapter 9 PrettyPrintCertificateTool........................................... 65
Location...............................................................................65
Syntax ................................................................................65
Example...............................................................................66
Chapter 10 PrettyPrintCRLTool............................................... 69
Location...............................................................................69
Syntax ................................................................................69
Example...............................................................................70
Index ........................................................................ 73
5
6 Netscape Certificate Management System Command-Line Tools Guide • May 2002

About This Guide

The Command-Line Tools Guide describes various command-line tools or utilities that are bundled with Netscape Certificate Management System (CMS). It provides the information such as the command syntax, platform support, examples, and so on, required to use these tools.
This preface has the following sections:
What You Should Already Know (page 7)
What’s in This Guide (page 8)
Conventions Used in This Guide (page 9)
Where to Go for Related Information (page 10)

What You Should Already Know

This guide is intended for experienced system administrators who are planning to deploy Certificate Management System. CMS agents should refer to CMS Ag ent’s Guide for information on how to perform agent tasks, such as handling certificate requests and revoking certificates.
This guide assumes that you
Are familiar with the basic concepts of public-key cryptography and the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol.
SSL cipher suites The purpose of and major steps in the SSL handshake
7

What’s in This Guide

Understand the concepts of intranet, extranet, and the Internet security and the role of digital certificates in a secure enterprise. These include the following topics:
Encryption and decryption Public keys, private keys, and symmetric keys Significance of key lengths Digital signatures Digital certificates, incl uding various types of digital certificates The role of digital certificates in a public-key infrastructure (PKI) Certificate hierarchies
If you are new to these concepts, we recommend that you read the security-related appendixes of the accompanying manual, Manag ing Server s with Netscape Cons ole.
Are familiar with the role of Netscape Console in managing Netscape version
6.x servers. Otherwise, see the accompanying manual, Managing Servers with Netscape Console.
Are reading this guide in conjunction with the documentation listed in “Where to Go for Related Information” on page 10.
What’s in This Guide
This guide covers the following topics:
Chapter 1, “Command-Line Tools” Provides an overview of the command-line tools provided with Certificate Management System, including the ones that are not covered in this documentation.
Chapter 2, “CMS Upgrade Utility” Describes how to use the utility to upgrade from a previous release of Certificate Management System.
Chapter 3, “Password Cache Utility” Describes how to use the tool for managing the single sign-on password cache.
Chapter 4, “PIN Generator Tool” Describes how to use the tool for generating unique PINs for your users and f or populating their directory entries with PINs.
8 Netscape Certificate Management System Command-Line Tools Guide • May 2002
Chapter 5, “Extension Joiner Tool” Describes how to use the tool for joining MIME-64 encoded formats of certificate extensions to create a single blob.
Chapter 7, “ASCII to Binary Tool” Describes how to use the tool for converting ASCII data to its binary equivalent.
Chapter 8, “Binary to ASCII Tool” Describes how to use the tool for converting binary data to its ASCII equivalent.
Chapter 9, “Pretty Print Certificate Tool” Describes how to use the tool for
printing or viewing the contents of a certificate stored as ASCII base-64 encoded data in a human-readable form.
Chapter 10, “Pretty Print CRL Tool” Describes how to use the tool for printing
or viewing the contents of a CRL stored as ASCII base-64 encoded data in a human-readable form.

Conventions Used in This Guide

This guide uses the following conventions: The following conventions are used in this guide:
Conventions Used in This Guide
Monospaced font—Thistypefaceisusedforanytextthatappearsonthe
• computer screen or text that you should type. It’s also used for filenames, functions, and examples.
Example:
Server Root is the directory where the CMS binaries are kept.
Italic—Italic type is used for emphasis, book titles, and glossary terms. Example: This control depends on the access permissions the superadministrator
has set up for you.
Text within “quotation marks”—Indicates cross-references to other topics within this guide.
Example: For more information, see “Issuing a Certificate to a New User” on page 154.
About This Guide 9

WheretoGoforRelatedInformation

[]—Square brackets enclose commands that are optional. Example:
PrettyPrintCert <input_file> [<output_file>]
<input_file>
specifies the path to the file that contains the base-64
encoded certificate.
<output_file> specifies the path to the file to write the certificate. This
argument is optional; if you don’t specify an output file, the certificate information is written to the standard output.
<>—Angle brackets enclose variables or placeholders. When following
• examples, replace the angle brackets and their text with text that applies to your situation. For example, when path names appear in angle brackets, substitute the path names used on your computer.
Example: Using Netscape Communicator 4.7x or later, enter the URL for the Administration Server:
http://<hostname>:<port_number>
/—A forward slash is used to separate directories in a path. If you use the Windows NT operating system, you should replace / with \ in paths.
Example: Except for the Security Module Database Tool, you can find all the other command-line utilities at this location:
<server_root>/bin/cert/tools
Sidebar text—Sidebar text marks important information. Make sure you read the information before continuing with a task.
Examples:
NOTE You can use Netscape Console only when Administration Server is
up and running.
CAUTION A caution note documents a potential risk of losing data, damaging
software or hardware, or otherwise disrupting system performance.
Where to Go for Related Information
This section summarizes the documentation that ships with Certificate Management System, using these conventions:
<server_root> is the directory where the CMS binaries are kept (specified
• during installation).
10 Netscape Certificate Management System Command-Line Tools Guide • May 2002
Where to Go for Related Information
<instance_id> is the ID for this instance of Certificate Management System (specified during installation).
The documentation set for Certificate Management System includes the following:
Managing Servers with Netscape Console Provides background information on basic cryptography concepts and the role
of Netscape Console. For the HTML version, open this file:
<server_root>/manual/en/admin/ag/contents.htm
CMS Installation and Setup Guide Describes how to plan for, install, and administer Certificate Management
System. To access the installation and configuration information from within the CMS Installation Wizard or from the CMS window (within Netscape Console), click any help button. To view the HTML version of this guide, open this file:
<server_root>/manual/en/cert/setup_guide/contents.htm
CMS Plug-Ins Guide Provides detailed reference information on CMS plug-ins. To access this
information from the CMS window within Netscape Console, click any help button. To view the HTML version of this guide, open this file:
<server_root>/manual/en/cert/plugin_guide/contents.htm
CMS Command-Line Tools Guide (this guide) Provides detailed reference information on CMS tools. To view the HTML
version of this guide, open this file:
<server_root>/manual/en/cert/tools_guide/contents.htm
CMS Customization Guide Provides detailed reference information on customizing the HTML-based
agent and end-entity interfaces. To view the HTML version of this guide, open this file:
<server_root>/manual/en/cert/custom_guide/contents.htm
•CMSAgentsGuide
Provides detailed reference information on CMS agent interfaces. To access this information from the Agent Services pages, click any help button. To view the HTML version of this guide, open this file:
<server_root>/cert-<instance_id>/web-apps/agent/manual/agent_gui de
/contents.htm
About This Guide 11
WheretoGoforRelatedInformation
•End-EntityHelp
Provides detailed reference information on CMS end-entity interfaces. To access this information from the end-entity pages, click any help button. To view the HTML version of this guide, open this file:
<server_root>/cert-<instance_id>/web-apps/ee/manual/ee_guide/con tents.htm
For a complete list of CMS documentation, open the
<server_root>/manual/index.html file. For the latest information about
Certificate Management System, check the CMS Release Notes and other documents available at this site:
http://enterprise.netscape.com/docs/cms.index.html
12 Netscape Certificate Management System Command-Line Tools Guide • May 2002

Command-Line Tools

Netscape Certificate Management System (CMS) is bundled with various command-line utilities. This chapter summarizes these utilities and provides pointers to chapters that further explain them.
Table 1-1 summarizes the command-line utilities that are bundled with Certificate Management System.
Table 1-1 Summary of command-line utilities
Utility/Tool Function
Batch/Shell Scripts located under <server_root>/bin/cert/upgrade/:
Chapter 1
Upgrade Utility Updrades from a CMS 4.2, 4.5, or 6.0 instance to a CMS 6.01
instance. For or details, see Chapter 2, “CMS Upgrade Utility.”
Batch/Shell Scripts located under <server_root>/bin/cert/tools/ (require jre):
PasswordCache
(Password Cache Utility)
AtoB
(ASCII to BinaryTool)
BtoA
(Binary to ASCII Tool)
PrettyPrintCert
(Pretty Print Certificate Tool)
PrettyPrintCrl
(Pretty Print CRL Tool)
Executable tools located under <server_root>/bin/cert/tools:
Manipulates the contents of the single sign-on password cache. For details, see Chapter 3, “Password Cache Utility.”
Converts ASCII base-64 encoded data to binary base-64 encoded data. For details, see Chapter 7, “ASCII to Binary Tool.”
Converts binary base-64 encoded data to ASCII base-64 encoded data. For details, see Chapter 8, “Binary to ASCII Tool.”
PrintsthecontentsofacertificatestoredasASCIIbase-64encoded data in a human-readable form. For details, see Chapter 9, “Pretty Print Certificate Tool.”
Prints the contents of a CRL stored as ASCII base-64 encoded data in a human-readable form. For details, see Chapter 10, “Pretty Print CRL Tool.”
13
Table 1-1 Summary of command-line utilities (Continued)
Utility/Tool Function
certutil
(Certificate and Key Database Tool)
View and manipulate the certificate database (cert7.db)andkey database (key3.db) contents. For details, check the
http://www.mozilla.org/projects/security/pki/nss /tools/.site.
setpin
(PIN Generator tool)
Generates PINs for end users for directory- and PIN-based authentication. For details, see Chapter 4, “PIN Generator Tool.”
signtool
(Netscape Signing Tool)
Digitally signs any file, including log files. For details, check the
http://www.mozilla.org/projects/security/pki/nss /tools/.site.
ssltap
(SSL Debugging Tool)
Used to debug SSL applications. For details, check the
http://www.mozilla.org/projects/security/pki/nss /tools/.site.
Perl Scripts located under <server_root>/bin/cert/tools (require _perl):
cmsbackup Copies all of the pertinent data and configuration files for a CMS
instance, the local Administration Server, and local Netscape DirectoryServers that the instance uses into a compressed archive. For details, see Chapter 6, “Backing Up and Restoring Data.”
cmsrestore Opens a named archive, extracts the data, and uses it to restorethe
configuration of a CMS instance. For details, see Chapter 6, “Backing Up and Restoring Data.”
Executable tools located under <server_root>/shared/bin:
modutil
(Security Module Database Tool)
Used for managing the PKCS #11 module information within
secmod.db files or within hardware tokens. For details,check the http://www.mozilla.org/projects/security/pki/nss /tools/.site.
Third-party executable tools located under <server_root>/bin/cert/tools:
dumpasn1 Dumps the contents of binary base-64-encodeddata.Note that the
tool is freeware that is packaged with Certificate Management System for your convenience. For more information about this tool, check this site: http://www.cs.auckland.ac.nz/~pgut001/
Third-party support tools located under <server_root>:
14 Netscape Certificate Management System Command-Line Tools Guide • May 2002
Table 1-1 Summary of command-line utilities (Continued)
Utility/Tool Function
bin/base/jre/bin/jre bin/cert/jre/bin/jre
bin/cert/tools/unzip Decompression utility executable. bin/cert/tools/zip Compression utility executable. install/perl perl scripting language executable.
Java runtime executable for Netscape Console. Java runtime executable for Certificate Management System. Note that the CMS jre is invoked as cms_daemon during CMS
installation and configuration, as cms_watchdog to monitor the status of the CMS server, and as cms_server to actually run the CMS server.
The Certificate Database Tool (certutil), Netscape Signing Tool (signtool), SSL DebuggingTool(
ssltap), and Security Database Tool (modutil)areapartof
Network Security Services (NSS) tools. The remaining tools are CMS-specific tools.
•The
AtoB, BtoA, PrettyPrintCert, PrettyPrintCrl,anddumpasn1 tools are
useful for converting back and forth between various encodings and formats you may encounter when dealing with keys and certificates.
The Password Cache Utility can be used to manipulate the contents of an existing single sign-on password cache and to create a new cache.
The PIN Generator tool is used to create PINs for directory authentication.
The Certificate and Key Database Tool and Security Module Database Tool are useful for a variety of administrative tasks that involve manipulating certificate and key databases.
The Netscape Signing Tool can be used to associate a digital signature with any file, including CMS log files.
The SSL Debugging Tool is useful for testing and debugging purposes.
If you find any problems with NSS tools, you may obtain the source code and build instructions for the very latest version of these tools (and/or potentially a binary image for the newer tool) at the following URL:
http://www.mozilla.org/projects/security/pki/nss/tools/index.html
Chapter 1 Command-Line Tools 15
If you’re familar with older versions of NSS tools, notice that all Key Database Tool functions have now been incorporated into the single tool, Certificate Database Tool, and that several of the command-line options for many of the tools may have changed. Be sure to check back often to obtain the very latest version of the desired securitytool,asthissiteisupdatedoften.
16 Netscape Certificate Management System Command-Line Tools Guide • May 2002
Chapter 2

CMS Upgrade Utility

If you have a previous installation of Netscape Certificate Management System (Certificate Management System), you can use the CMS Upgrade utility for upgrading to Certificate Management System, version 6.01. The utility enables you to upgrade from Certificate Management System version 4.2, 4.5, or 6.0 to CMS
6.01.
There are three phases to upgrading from a previous CMS instance. This chapter explains these phases in the following sections:
Before Upgrading (page 17)
Upgrading (page 21)
After Upgrading (page 25)

Before Upgrading

Before upgrading from a CMS 4.2, 4.5, or 6.0 instance to a CMS 6.01 instance, you must complete the following tasks:
Backing Up Your Previous CMS Instance
Locating Your Previous Security Databases
Creating Your Previous Internal Database File in LDIF Format
Normalizing Your Previous Internal Database File
17
Before Upgrading

Backing Up Your Previous CMS Instance

You must backup your existing CMS 4.2, 4.5, or 6.0 instance before you can upgrade to CMS 6.01.
For instructions to back up a CMS 4.2 or 4.5 instance, check the CMS Command-Line Tools Guide that was provided with the product; open the
<server_root>/manual/en/cert/tools_guide/backup.htm file. You can
also find the CMS 4.5 documentation at this site:
http://enterprise.netscape.com/docs/cms/index.html
For instructions to back up a CMS 6.0 instance,see Chapter 6, “Backing Up and Restoring Data.”

Locating Your Previous Security Databases

Each instance of Certificate Management System uses a set of key pairs and certificates, which can be maintained in an internal/software token or a hardware token, or a combination of both. These tokens contain public keys, private keys, and relevant PKCS #11 compatible drivers. For more information about tokens, check CMS In stallation and Setup Guide.
As a part of the upgrade process, you will be required later to import your existing key pairs and certificates to the new CMS instance. If you used hardware tokens, keep those tokens and the corresponding passwords handy. If you used software tokens, make a note of the following for your CMS instance, where
<4x_server_root> is the location of your CMS 4.2 or 4.5 instance and <60_server_root> is the location of your CMS 6.0 instance:
Public keys and the corresponding certificates are stored in the certificate database, this file:
<4x_server_root>/cert-<instance_id>/config/cert7.db <60_server_root>/alias/cert-<instance_id>-<machine_name>/cert7.d
b
Private keys are stored in the key database, this file:
<4x_server_root>/cert-<instance_id>/config/key3.db <60_server_root>/alias/cert-<instance_id>-<machine_name>/key3.db
PKCS #11 drivers are stored in the security database, this file:
<4x_server_root>/admin-serv/config/secmod.db <60_server_root>/alias/secmod.db
18 Netscape Certificate Management System Command-Line Tools Guide • May 2002
Before Upgrading

Creating Your Previous Internal Database File in LDIF Format

After locating your previous CMS internal database file, you need to create it in LDAP Interchange Format (LDIF) format.
Creating an LDIF File for CMS 4.2 or 4.5 Internal Database
Creating an LDIF File for CMS 6.0 Internal Database
Creating an LDIF File for CMS 4.2 or 4.5 Internal Database
To create a CMS 4.2 or 4.5 internal database file in LDIF format, enter the following commands:
cd <4x_server_root>/slapd-<instance_id>-db ./db2ldif
For example:
cd /usr/netscape/server4x/slapd-firefly-db ./db2ldif
The LDIF file is created in the foll owing directory:
<4x_server_root>/slapd-<instance_id>-db/ldif
The default file name is time stamped and is of the form
<year>_<month>_<day>.ldif. For example: /usr/netscape/server4x/slapd-firefly-db/ldif/2002_04_08_123356.ldif
Creating an LDIF File for CMS 6.0 Internal Database
To create an LDIF file for the CMS 6.0 internal database, enter the following commands:
cd <60_server_root>/slapd-<instance_id>-db ./db2ldif -n userRoot
For example:
cd /usr/netscape/server60/slapd-firefly-db ./db2ldif -n userRoot
The LDIF file is created in the foll owing directory:
<60_server_root>/slapd-<instance_id>-db/ldif
Chapter 2 CMS Upgrade Utility 19
Before Upgrading
The default file name is time stamped and is of the form
<year>_<month>_<day>.ldif. For example:
/usr/netscape/server60/slapd-firefly-db/ldif/2002_04_08_123356.l dif

Normalizing Your Previous Internal Database File

To import a CMS 4.2 or 4.5 LDIF file into a CMS 6.01 instance, you need to adjust the LDIF file by deleting the first two LDIF entries. (You don’t need to delete the first two entries in the CMS 6.0 LDIF file.)
For example, delete:
dn: dc=<hostname>,dc=netscape,dc=com ... dn: cn=ldap://:38900,dc=<hostname>,dc=netscape,dc=com ...
The first line of the LDIF file should now be:
dn: o=netscapeCertificateServer
Next, you need to convert the adjusted LDIF files to a text format:
Converting the CMS 4.2 LDIF File to a Text Format
Converting the CMS 4.5 LDIF File to a Text Format
Converting the CMS 6.0 LDIF File to a Text Format
NOTE In the sections that follow, replace
<server_root>/bin/cert/upgrade.
Converting the CMS 4.2 LDIF File to a Text Format
If you are upgrading from a CMS 4.2 instance to a CMS 6.01 instance:
1. Execute the 42ToTxt command:
cd <upgrade_tool>/42ToTxt export SERVER_ROOT=<42_server_root> run.sh <42_ldif> > <42_txt>
2.
Execute the TxtTo601 comm and:
20 Netscape Certificate Management System Command-Line Tools Guide • May 2002
<upgrade_tool> with
cd <upgrade_tool>/TxtTo601 export SERVER_ROOT=<601_server_root> run.sh <42_txt> > <601_ldif>
Converting the CMS 4.5 LDIF File to a Text Format
If you are upgrading from a CMS 4.5 instance to a CMS 6.01 instance:
1. Execute the 45ToTxt command:
cd <upgrade_tool>/45ToTxt export SERVER_ROOT=<45_server_root> run.sh <45_ldif> > <45_txt>
2.
Execute the TxtTo601 command:
cd <upgrade_tool>/TxtTo601 export SERVER_ROOT=<601_server_root> run.sh <45_txt> > <601_ldif>
Converting the CMS 6.0 LDIF File to a Text Format
If you are upgrading from a CMS 6.0 instance to a CMS 6.01 instance:

Upgrading

1. Execute the 60ToTxt command:
2.
Upgrading
The following procedures describe how to upgrade from a CMS 4.2, 4.5, or 6.0 instance to a CMS 6.01 instance.
Installing and Configuring CMS 6.01
cd <upgrade_tool>/60ToTxt export SERVER_ROOT=<60_server_root> run.sh <60_ldif> > <60_txt>
Execute the TxtTo601 command:
cd <upgrade_tool>/TxtTo601 export SERVER_ROOT=<601_server_root> run.sh <60_txt> > <601_ldif>
Chapter 2 CMS Upgrade Utility 21
Upgrading
Shutting Down the CMS 6.01 Server
Installing the Old Security Databases
Installing the Old Internal Database
Starting Up the CMS 6.01 Server

Installing and Configuring CMS 6.01

Install a CMS 6.01 instance into a separate server root. Refer to theCMS Installation and Setup Guide for instructions on how to install Certificate Management System.
NOTE Later on you will overwrite the CMS 6.01 configuration information,
such as keys and subject names, with your previous CMS 4.2, 4.5, or
6.0 internal security databases.

Shutting Down the CMS 6.01 Server

After configuring CMS 6.01, shut down your CMS 6.01 instance and the corresponding internal database, where CMS 6.01 instance:
cd <601_server_root>/cert-<instance_id> ./stop-cert cd <601_server_root>/slapd-<instance_id>-db ./stop-slapd
<601_server_root> is the location of your

Installing the Old Security D atabases

You need to install your old CMS 4.2, 4.5, or 6.0 security database into your new CMS 6.01 installation.
Installing CMS 4.2 or 4.5 Security Databases
Installing CMS 6.0 Security Databases
22 Netscape Certificate Management System Command-Line Tools Guide • May 2002
Upgrading
Installing CMS 4.2 or 4.5 Security Databases
InstallyourpreviousCMS4.2or4.5securitydatabasesbycopyingthemtoyour new CMS 6.01 installation using the following commands:
cp <4x_cert7> \ <601_server_root>/alias/cert-<instance_id>-<machine_name>-cert7.db
cp <4x_key3> \ <601_server_root>/alias/cert-<instance_id>-<machine_name>-key3.db
cp <4x_secmod> <601_server_root>/alias/secmod.db
For example:
cd /usr/netscape/server42/cert-firefly/config cp cert7.db \
/usr/netscape/server601/alias/cert-firefly-firefly-cert7.db cp key3.db \
/usr/netscape/server601/alias/cert-firefly-firefly-key3.db cd /usr/netscape/server42/admin-serv/config cp secmod.db /usr/netscape/server601/alias/secmod.db
Installing CMS 6.0 Security Databases
Install your previous CMS 6.0 security databases by copying them to your new CMS 6.01 installation using the following commands:
cp <60_cert7> \ <601_server_root>/alias/cert-<instance_id>-<machine_name>-cert7.db
cp <60_key3> \ <601_server_root>/alias/cert-<instance_id>-<machine_name>-key3.db
cp <60_secmod> <601_server_root>/alias/secmod.db
For example:
cd /usr/netscape/server60/cert-firefly/config cp cert7.db \
/usr/netscape/server601/alias/cert-firefly-firefly-cert7.db cp key3.db \
/usr/netscape/server601/alias/cert-firefly-firefly-key3.db cd /usr/netscape/server60/alias cp secmod.db /usr/netscape/server601/alias/secmod.db
Chapter 2 CMS Upgrade Utility 23
Upgrading

Installing the Old Internal Database

To install your old internal database, import your old LDIF into the CMS 6.01 internal database. (See “Normalizing Your Previous Internal Database File,” on page 20 for instructions on how to adjust your old LDIF file.)
Import your adjusted CMS 4.2, 4.5, or 6.0 LDIF file into the CMS 6.01 internal database using the following commands:
cd <601_server_root>/slapd-<instance_id>-db ldif2db -n userRoot -i <601_ldif>

Updating the CMS 6.01 Password Cache

Recreate the CMS 6.01 password cache so that it will work with your old security databases:
cd <601_server_root>/cert-<instance_id>/config mv pwcache.db pwcache.db.org touch pwcache.db ../../bin/cert/tools/PasswordCache <key3_password> \
-d <601_server_root>/alias -P \ cert-<instance_id>-<machine_name>- \ add “Internal LDAP Database” <internal_database_password>
For example:
cd /usr/netscape/server601/cert-firefly/config mv pwcache.db pwcache.db.org touch pwcache.db ../../bin/cert/tools/PasswordCache “Xz3jd0er” \
-d /usr/netscape/server60/alias -P cert-firefly-firefly- \ add “Internal LDAP Database” “TopSecret”

Starting Up the CMS 6.01 Server

To start the CMS 6.01 server:
cd <601_server_root>/slapd-<instance_id>-db
24 Netscape Certificate Management System Command-Line Tools Guide • May 2002
./start-slapd cd <601_server_root>/cert-<instance_id> ./start-cert

After Upgrading

After upgrading to CMS 6.01, access the End-Entity Services and the Agent Services interfaces of the new CMS 6.01 instance to ensure that everything is working properly.
You must also log in to the CMS Console and verify that you can manage the server via the console.
The port numbers for all these interfaces can be found in this file:
<server_root>/config/server.xml
After Upgrading
Chapter 2 CMS Upgrade Utility 25
After Upgrading
26 Netscape Certificate Management System Command-Line Tools Guide • May 2002
Chapter 3

Password Cache Utility

During the installation of Netscape Certificate Management System (CMS), the installation daemon stores all the passwords required by the server for starting up—such as the bind passwords used by Certificate Management System to access and update the internal LDAP database and the LDAP directory used for authentication or publishing—in a password cache. The cache is maintained in a file encrypted using a symmetric key generated by the cryptographic module wherein the key resides, and encrypted by the single sign-on password (internal cryptographic module password) you specify during installation.

Location

The command-line utility named contents of the password cache. You will be required to manipulate the password cache for various reasons. For example, assume you’ve configured the Certificate Manager to publish certificates and CRLs to an LDAP directory and have configured it to bind to the directory with Directory Manager’s DN and password. If the directory administrator changes the Directory Manager’s password, the Certificate Manager will fail to bind to the directory during startup. You can resolve this problem by modifying the corresponding bind password in the cache using the
This chapter has the following sections:
Location (page 27)
Syntax (page 28)
Usage (page 28)
The PasswordCache utility is located with the rest of the command-line tools in this directory:
PasswordCache utility.
<server_root>/bin/cert/tools
PasswordCache enables you to manipulate the
27

Syntax

Syntax
To run the utility, execute the following command from the
<server_root>/cert-<instance_id> directory: PasswordCache <sso_password> -d <certificate/key db directory>
-P <certificate/key db prefix> <command> <sso_password> <certificate/key db directory> specifies the path to the certificate
database (
<server_root>/alias. <certificate/key db prefix> specifies the prefix for the certificate database
cert7.db) and key database (key3.db) files. The default prefix is in the
(
cert-<instance_id>-<hostname>- format. <command> can be any of the following:
cert7.db) and key database (key3.db) files. The default path is
list
add <password_name> <password>
change <password_name> <password>
delete <password_name>
<password_name>
specifies the current single sign-on password.
specifies the string (describing the password usage) you want to add to, or modify or delete from the cache; it is equivalent to the value assigned to the configuration file. It is essential that the
bindPWPrompt or tokenname parameter in the CMS
<password_name> coincide with
the names known by Certificate Management System: for example, the internal cryptographic module is known as internal,theinternalLDAP bind password is known as Internal LDAP Database,andtheLDAP publishing bind password for the Certificate Manager is known as CA LDAP Publishing.
<password> specifies the new password.

Usage

You can use the PasswordCache utility for the following:
Listing or viewing the contents of the password cache
Adding a new entry to the cache
28 Netscape Certificate Management System Command-Line Tools Guide • May 2002
Changing the password associated with an entry
Deleting an entry in the cache The sections that follow explain how you can accomplish the above mentioned
tasks.
NOTE You must run the utility from the
<server_root>/cert-<instance_id> directory.
The server queries the password cache only during start up, and hencerecongnizesthechangesyou’vemadeto the cache only if you restart the server from the command line. If you left any of the passwords blank, the server will prompt you to enter that during startup and from then on stores it in the password cache.

Listing the Contents of the Password C ache

To list or view the contents of the password cache:
Usage
1. Open a command window.
2. Go to this directory: <server_root>/cert-<instance_id>
At the prompt, enter the command below, substituting the variables with
3.
appropriate values:
PasswordCache <sso_password> -d <certificate/key db directory> -P <certificate/key db prefix> list
For example, assume your single sign-on password is mySsoPwd,theCMS instance name is
demoCA,andthehostnameiscmshost. The command would
look like this:
PasswordCache mySsoPwd -d /usr/netscape/servers/alias
-P cert-demoCA-cmshost- list

Adding a New Entry to the Password Cache

To add a new entry to the cache:
1. Open a command window.
2. Go to this directory: <server_root>/cert-<instance_id>
Chapter 3 Password Cache Utility 29
Usage
3. At the prompt, enter the command below, substituting the variables with
appropriate values:
PasswordCache <sso_password> -d <certificate/key db directory>
-P <certificate/key db prefix> add <password_name> <password>
For example, assume your single sign-on password is mySsoPwd,theCMS instance name is password usage is the password is
PasswordCache mySsoPwd -d /usr/netscape/servers/alias
-P cert-demoCA-cmshost- add
demoCA, the host name is cmshost, the string describing the
Bind Password for LDAP Publishing Directory,and
myLdapPubPwd. The command would look like this:
CA LDAP PublishingmyLdapPubPwd
Ifthepasswordnamestringincludesspaces,besuretoenclosethestringin double quotes as indicated in the above example.

Changing the Password of an Entry in the Password Cache

To change the password associated with an entry in the password cache:
1. Open a command window.
2. Go to this directory: <server_root>/cert-<instance_id>
3. At the prompt, enter the command below, substituting the variables with
appropriate values:
PasswordCache <sso_password> -d <certificate/key db directory>
-P <certificate/key db prefix> change <password_name> <password>
For example, assume your single sign-on password is mySsoPwd,theCMS instance name is password usage is the new password is
PasswordCache mySsoPwd -d /usr/netscape/servers/alias
-P cert-demoCA-cmshost- change myNewLdapPubPwd
demoCA, the host name is cmshost, the string describing the
Bind Password for LDAP Publishing Directory,and
myNewLdapPubPwd. The command would look like this:
CA LDAP Publishing
Ifthepasswordnamestringincludesspaces,besuretoenclosethestringin double quotes as indicated in the above example.
30 Netscape Certificate Management System Command-Line Tools Guide • May 2002

Deleting an Entry From the Password Cache

To delete an entry from the cache:
1. Open a command window.
2. Go to this directory: <server_root>/cert-<instance_id>
3. At the prompt, enter the command below, substituting the variables with
appropriate values:
PasswordCache <sso_password> -d <certificate/key db directory>
-P <certificate/key db prefix> delete <password_name>
For example, assume your single sign-on password is mySsoPwd,theCMS instance name is password usage is command would look like this:
PasswordCache mySsoPwd -d /usr/netscape/servers/alias
-P cert-demoCA-cmshost- delete
Ifthepasswordnamestringincludesspaces,besuretoenclosethestringin double quotes as indicated in the above example.
demoCA, the host name is cmshost, the string describing the
Bind Password for LDAP Publishing Directory.The
CA LDAP Publishing
Usage
Chapter 3 Password Cache Utility 31
Usage
32 Netscape Certificate Management System Command-Line Tools Guide • May 2002
Chapter 4

PIN Generator Tool

For Netscape Certificate Management System (CMS) to use the authentication plug-in module named contain unique PINs for each end entity to whom you intend to issue a certificate. To aid you in generating PINs for end-entity entries in a directory, Certificate Management System provides a command-linetool called the PIN Generator.This tool allows you to generate unique PINs for entries in an LDAP-compliant user directory. The tool stores these PINs (as hashed values) in the same directory against the corresponding user entries, and it copies the PINs to a text file, from which you can deliver the PINs to end entities by an a ppropriate, secure means.
UidPwdPinDirAuth your authentication directory must
This chapter explains how to use the PIN Generator. The chapter has the following sections:
Locating the PIN Generator Tool (page 33)
The setpin Command (page 34)
How the Tool Works (page 38)

Locating the PIN Generator Tool

You can find the PIN Generator at this location:
<server_root>/bin/cert/tools/setpin.exe
33

The setpin Command

The setpin Command
You run the PIN Generator by entering the setpin command and its arguments in a command shell and monitoring the output in the shell window. This section gives the syntax for the generating PINs and storing them in your authentication directory, see section “Configuring Authenticationfor End-User Enrollment”in Chapter 15, “Setting Up End-User Authentication” of CMS Installation and Setup Guide.

Command-Line Syntax

Use the following command in a Unix or DOS command shell:
setpin [arguments] setpin [optfile=filename] [param1] [param2]
Arguments
The setpin command takes the following arguments and options:
setpin
setpin command and its arguments. For instructions on
[host=<host_name> [port=<port_number>]] ["binddn=<user_id>" bindpw=<bind_password>] [objectclass=<objectclass_to_add>] [attribute=<attribute_name_for_pins>] ["filter=<LDAP_search_filter>"] [input=<file_name>] [length=<PIN_length> | minlength=<minimum_PIN_length>
maxlength=<maximum_PIN_length>] [gen=RNG-alpha | RNG-alphanum | RNG=printableascii] [case=upperonly] [hash=sha1 | md5 | none] [output=<file_name>] [clobber] [write] [saltattribute=<LDAP_attribute_to_use_for_salt_creation>] [debug]
A description for each argument follows:
[host=<host_name> [port=<port_number>]]
<host_name> specifies the LDAP directory to connect to.
<port_number> specifies the TCP/IP port to bind to; the default port number
is the default LDAP port, 389.
34 Netscape Certificate Management System Command-Line Tools Guide • May 2002
The setpin Command
["binddn=<user_id>" bindpw=<bind_password>]
<user_id> specifies the user ID that has read and write permission to the
LDAP directory; the PIN Generator binds to the directory as this user.
<bind_password> specifies the password for the user ID that has read and
write access to the LDAP directory. If the bind password is not given at the command line, the tool prompts for it.
[objectclass=<objectclass_to_add>]
Use this argument to specify the object class, if any, the tool should add to the authentication directory. By default it is
[attribute=<attribute_name_for_pins>]
pinPerson.
Use this argument to specify the authentication directory attribute to which PINs should be published. If you don’t specify an attribute, it defaults to the new attribute added to the authentication-directory schema.
["filter=<LDAP_search_filter>"]
Use this argument to filter those DNs in the directory for which the tool should generate PINs. For information on how to specify filters, see the information available at this URL:
dirsdk/capi/search.htm
http://developer.netscape.com/docs/manuals/
pin,
[input=<file_name>]
Use this argument to specify the name of the file that contains the list of DNs to process. Using this argument is optional. If you do, the tool compares the filtered DNs to the ones specified by the input file and generates PINs for only those DNs that are also in the file.
[length=<PIN_length> | minlength=<minimum_PIN_length> maxlength=<maximum_PIN_length>]
Use this argument to specify the exact number or a range of characters that a PIN must contain. The PINs can be either a fixed length or generated to be between two values (x,y) inclusive (x,y>0).
<PIN_length> specifies the exact length for the PINs. For example, if you want
PIN length to be eight characters, enter
8. PIN length must be an integer
greater than zero.
<minimum_PIN_length> specifies the minimum length for the PINs. For
example, if you want PIN length to be at least six characters, enter
<maximum_PIN_length> specifies the maximum length for the PINs. For
6.
example, if you want PIN length to be nine characters at the most, enter
Chapter 4 PINGenerator Tool 35
9.
The setpin Command
[gen=RNG-alpha | RNG-alphanum | RNG-printableascii]
Use this argument to specify t he type of characters for PINs. The characters in the password can be constructed out of alphabetic characters ( alphanumeric characters (
printableascii).
(
[case=upperonly]
RNG-alphanum), or any printable ASCII characters
RNG-alpha),
Use this argument with the gen parameter. If you do, the case for all alphabetic characters is fixed to uppercase only; otherwise, the case is mixed. Restricting alphabetic characters to uppercase reduces the overall combinations for the password space significantly.
[hash=sha1 | md5 | none]
Use this argument to specify the message digest algorithm the tool should use to hash the PINs before storing them in the authentication directory. If you wanttostorePINsasSHA-1orMD5hashedvaluesinthedirectory,besureto specify an output file for storing PINs in plain text. You will need the PINs in plain text for delivering them to end entities.
sha1 produces a 160-bit message digest. This option is used by default. md5 produces a 128-bit message digest. none does not hash the PINs.
[output=<file_name>]
Use this argument to specify the absolute path to the file to which the tool should write the PINs as it generates them; this is the file to which the tool will capture the output.
If you don’t specify a filename, the tool will write the output to the standard output. In any case, all the error messages will be directed to the standard error.
[clobber]
Use this argument to specify whether the tool should overwrite preexisting PINs, if any, associated with a DN (user). If specified, the tool overwrites the existing PINs with the one it generates. Otherwise, it leaves the existing PINs as they are.
[write]
Use this argument to specify whether the tool should write PINs to the directory. If specified, the tool writes PIN s (as it generates) to the directory. Otherwise, the tool does not make any changes to the directory.
36 Netscape Certificate Management System Command-Line Tools Guide • May 2002
The setpin Command
For example, if you want to check PINs—that the PINs are being given to the correct users and that they are conforming to the length and character-set restrictions—before updating the directory, do not specify this option. You can check the PINs before updating the directory by looking at the output file; for details, see “Output File” on page 42.
[saltattribute=<LDAP_attribute_to_use_for_salt_creation>]
Use this argument to specify the LDAP attribute the tool should use for salt creation. If you specify an attribute, the tool integrates the corresponding value of the attribute with each PIN, and hashes the resulting string with the hash routine specified in the hash argument.
If you don’t specify this argument, the DN of the user is used. For details, see “How PINs Are Stored in the Directory” on page 43.
[debug]
Use this argument to specify whether the tool should write debugging information (to the standard error). If
debug=attrs is specified, the tool writes
much more information about each entry in the directory.
[testpingen=<count>]
Use this argument to test the pin-generation mode.
<count> specifies the total number (in decimal) of PINs to be generated for
testing purposes.
[optfile]
Use this argument to specify that the tool should read in options (one per line) from specified file; this option enables you to put all the arguments in a file, instead of typing them on the command line.
Example
The following command generates PINs for all entries that have the CN attribute (in their distinguished name) defined in an LDAP directory named listening at port
DirectoryManager and starts searching the directory from the node dn=o=example.com in the directory tree. ThetooloverwritestheexistingPINs,if
19000. The PIN Generator binds to the directory as user
any, with the new ones.
setpin host=lailing port=19000 "binddn=CN=directory manager" bindpw=password "filter=(cn=*)" basedn=o=example.com clobber write
Chapter 4 PINGenerator Tool 37
laiking that is

How the Tool Works

How the Tool Works
The Pin Generator allows you to generate PINs for user entries in an LDAP-compliant directory and update the directory with these PINs. To run the
setpin command, you need at a minimum to specify the following:
The host name (
•ThebindDN(
An LDAP filter (
host) and port number (port) of the LDAP server
binddn) and password (bindpw)
filter) for filtering out the user entries that require PINs
For example:
setpin host=laiking port=19000 "binddn=CN=Directory Manager" bindpw=netscape "filter=(ou=employees)" basedn=o=example.com
This command, if run, will query the directory for all the entries that match the filter criteria, which in this case is all users belonging to an organizational unit (
employees. For each entry matching the filter, information is printed out to
called
ou)
standard error. Additionally, to the standard output or the file named in output; see “Output File” on page 42.
You can also provide the tool with an input argument using the
input option. The
argument must be in the form of an ASCII file of pre-prepared DNs a nd PINs (see Figure 4-1). Note that the input file is not a substitute for the LDAP directory entries; the filter attribute must still be provided. If an input file is provided, the tool updates only those filtered attributes that match the ones in the input file. For more information about the input file, see “Input File” on page 40.
38 Netscape Certificate Management System Command-Line Tools Guide • May 2002
Figure 4-1 Using an input and output file for the PIN-generation process
How the Tool Works
Examples of output follow:
Processing: cn=QA Managers,ou=employees,o=example.com
Adding new pin/password
dn:cn=QA Managers,ou=employees,o=example.com pin:lDWynV status:notwritten
Processing: cn=PD Managers,ou=employees,o=example.com
Adding new pin/password
dn:cn=PD Managers,ou=employees,o=example.com pin:G69uV7 status:notwritten
Because the PIN Generator makes a lot of changes to your directory, it is important that you specify the correct filter; otherwise, you m ay change the wrong entries. As a safeguard, a
write option is provided that you use to enable writing to the
directory after you verify the output; the tool doesn’t make any changes to the directory until you specify the
write option on the command line.
Chapter 4 PINGenerator Tool 39
How the Tool Works
The output also contains the status of each entry in the directory. It can be one of the values specified in Table 4-1.
Table 4-1 PIN Generator status
Exit code Description
notwritten Specifies that the PINs were not written to the directory, because the write
option was not specified on the command line.
writefailed Specifies that the tool made an attempt to modify the directory, but the write
operation was unsuccessful.
added Specifies that the tool added the new PIN to directory successfully. replaced Specifies that the tool replaced an old PIN with a new one (the clobber option
was specified).
notreplaced Specifies that the tool did not replace the old PIN with a new one (the clobber
option was not specified).
If a PIN already exists for a user, it will by default not be changed if you run the
setpin command a second time. This is so that you can generate PINs for new
users without overwriting PINs for users who have previously been notified of their PINs. If you want to overwrite a PIN, you should use the
clobber option.
Once you are sure that the filter is matching the right users, you should run the
setpin command again with the write option, and with output set to the name of
the file to capture the unhashed PINs. This output file is in the same format as the input file. For details about the output file, see “Output File” on page 42.

Input File

The P IN Generator can receive a list of DNs to modify in a text file specified by the
input=<file_name> argument. If you specify an input file, the tool compares the
DNs it filtered from the LDAP directory with the ones in the input file, and updates only those DNs that matched the ones in the input file.
The purpose of the input file is multifold. It enables you to provide the Pin Generator with an exact list of DNs to modify. Via the input file, you can also provide the PIN Generator with PINs (in plain text format) for all DNs or for specific DNs.
The following examples explain why you might want to use the input file:
40 Netscape Certificate Management System Command-Line Tools Guide • May 2002
How the Tool Works
Assume that you have set PINs for all entries in the user directory. Two new users joined your organization and you updated the d irectory with new users’ information. For the new users to get certificates, the directory must contain PINs. And you want to set PINs for just those user entries without making changes to any of the other user entries. Instead of constructing a complex LDAP filter to filter out just these two entries, you can construct a general filter, put the two users’ DNs in the input file, and run the PIN Generator.
Assume that you want your users to use their social security numbers as PINs. You can enter users’ social security numbers as PINs in the input file, and the PIN Generator will store them as hashed values in the directory.
The format of the input file is the same as that of the output file (see “Output File” on page 42), with the omission of the status line. In the input file, you can choose to specify PINs for all the DNs in the file, for specific DNs, or for none of the DNs. If the PIN attribute is missing for a DN, the tool automatically generates a random PIN.
For example, you can set up your input file to look like this:
dn:cn=user1, o=example.com <blank line>
dn:cn=user2, o=example.com <blank line>
... dn:cn=user3, o=example.com
You can also provide PINs, in plain-text format, for the DNs in the input file, which is then hashed according to the command-line arguments. For example, you can set up your input file to look like this:
dn:cn=user1, o=example.com pin:pl229Ab <blank line>
dn:cn=user2, o=example.com pin:9j65dSf <blank line>
... dn:cn=user3, o=example.com
pin:3knAg60 <blank line>
Chapter 4 PINGenerator Tool 41
How the Tool Works
NOTE You cannot provide hashed PINs to the tool.

Output File

The PIN Generator can capture the output to a text file specified by the
output=<file_name> argument.
The captured output will contain a sequence of records and will be in the following format:
dn: <user_dn>1 pin: <generated_pin>1 status: <status>1 <blank line>
dn: <user_dn>2 pin: <generated_pin>2 status: <status>2 <blank line>
... dn: <user_dn>n
pin: <generated_pin>n status: <status>n <blank line>
where
<user_dn> is a distinguished name that matched the specified DN pattern
(specified by the DN filter) or that was in the input file (the DN file). By default, the delimiter is "
<generated_pin> is a string of characters with either fixed or variable length,
;" or the character defined on the command line.
dependent on parameters passed into the command.
<status> is one of the values specified in Table 4-1 on page 40.
The first line in each record will always be the distinguished name. The subsequent lines, for
pin and status, are optional. The record ends with a blank line. The end
of line (EOL) sequence is as follows:
•OnUnix:
\n
On Windows NT: \r\n
42 Netscape Certificate Management System Command-Line Tools Guide • May 2002
How the Tool Works

How PINs Are Stored in the Directory

Each PIN is concatenated with the corresponding user's LDAP attribute named in
saltattribute argument. If this argument is not specified, the DN of the user
the is used. Then, this string is hashed with the hash routinespecifiedin the hash argument (the default selection is SHA-1).
Then, o ne byte is prepended to indicate the hash type used. Here’s how the PIN gets stored:
byte[0] = X
The value of X depends on the hash algorithm chosen during the PIN generation process:
X=0 if the hash algorithm chosen is SHA-1. X=1 if the hash algorithm chosen is MD5. X=45 if the hash algorithm chosen is none.
byte[1...] = hash("DN"+"pin")
The PIN is stored in the directory as a binary value, not as a base-64 encoded value.

Exit Codes

The PIN Generator returns exit codes to the shell window; for a list of codes, see Table 4-2. If you plan on automating the PIN-generation process, exit codes are useful in programming shell scripts.
Table 4-2 Exit codes returned by the P IN Generator
Exit code Description
0 Indicates that PIN generation was successful; that is, PINs are set for all the DNs in the
specified directory.
2 Indicates that the tool could not open the certificate database specified by the certdb
parameter.
3 Indicates that the tool could not locate the certificate specified by the nickname
parameter in the specified certificate database.
4 Indicates that the tool could not bind to the directory as the user specified by the
binddn parameter (over SSL).
5 Indicates that the tool could not open the output file specified by the output
parameter.
Chapter 4 PINGenerator Tool 43
How the Tool Works
Table 4-2 Exit codes returned by the P IN Generator (Continued)
Exit code Description
7 Indicates an error parsing command-line arguments. 8 Indicates that the tool could not open the input file specified by the input parameter. 9 Indicates that the tool encountered an internal error.
10 Indicates that the tool found a duplicate entry in the input file specified by the input
parameter.
11 Indicates that the tool didn’t find the salt attribute, specified by the saltattribute
parameter, in the directory.
44 Netscape Certificate Management System Command-Line Tools Guide • May 2002
Chapter 5

Extension Joiner Tool

Netscape Certificate Management System (CMS) provides many policy plug-in modules that enable you to add standard and custom X.509 certificate extensions to end-entity certificates the server issues. Similarly, the wizard that helps you generate the certificates required by the Certificate Manager, Registration Manager, Data Recovery Manager, and Online Certificate Status Manager enables you to select extensions that you want to include in the certificates. Additionally, thewizardinterfaceandtherequest-approvalpageoftheAgentinterfacecontains a text area, enabling you to paste any extension i n its MIME-64 encoded format.
Certificate Management System also provides tools that generate MIME-64 encoded blobs for many standard extensions. You can use these tools for generating MIME-64 encoded blobs for any extensions that you may want to include in CA and other certificate requests. The tools are located with the rest of the command-line utilities in this directory:
<server_root>/bin/cert/tools
The text field provided for pasting the extension in general accepts a single extension blob. If you want to add multiple extensions, you should first join them to form a single extension blob and then paste the blob into the text field.
The ExtJoiner is a program that joins a sequence of extensions together so that the final output can be used in the wizard text field or in the request-approval page of the Agent interface for specifying multiple extensions.
This chapter has the following sections:
Location (page 46)
Syntax (page 46)
Usage (page 46)
45

Location

Location

Syntax

Usage

The ExtJoiner program is located with the rest of the command-line tools in this directory:
To run the ExtJoiner tool, type the following command:
java ExtJoiner <ext_file0> <ext_file1> ... <ext_fileN>
where <ext_file> specifies the path, including the filename, to files that contain the base-64 encoded DER encoding of an X.509 extension.
As discussed in the introduction of this chapter, the ExtJoiner program doesn’t generate an extension in its MIME-64 encoded format, it only joins the extensions that are in MIME-64 encoded format. The steps below outli ne how you can use the
ExtJoiner to join multiple custom extensions and add the extensions to a
certificate request.
<server_root>/bin/cert/tools
1. Write the appropriate Java programs for the extensions.
2. Join the extensions using ExtJoiner. To do this: a. Note the file paths to the files that contain the programs for extensions. b. Open a command window. c. Run the ExtJoiner, substituting the appropriate file paths. For example, if
you have two extension files named them to the same directory as the ExtJoiner, the command would look like
java ExtJoiner myExt1 myExt2
this: You should see a base-64 encoded blob, similar to the one below, of the
joined extensions on screen:
MEwwLgYDVR0lAQHBCQwIgYFKoNFBAMGClGC5EKDM5PeXzUGBi2CVyLNCQYFU iBakowGgYDVR0SBBMwEaQPMA0xCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVT
d.
Copy the encoded blob, without any modifications, to a file.
46 Netscape Certificate Management System Command-Line Tools Guide • May 2002
myExt1 and myExt2 and have copied
3. Verify that the extensions are joined correctly before adding them to a
certificate request. To do this, first you’ll need to convert the binary data to ASCII format using the dumping the contents of the base-64 encoded blob using the For information on the for the
dumpasn1 utility see, Table 1-1 on page 13.
AtoB utility and then verify the binary data by
dumpasn1 utility.
AtoB utility see, Chapter 7, “ASCII to Binary Tool” and
Here’s how you would do this verification:
a. Go to this directory: <server_root>/bin/cert/tools b. Enter this command: AtoB <input_file> <output_file>, substituting
<input_file> with the path to the file that contains the base-64 encoded
data in ASCII format (from Step 2) and
<output_file> with the path to
the file to write the base-64 encoded data in binary format.
c. Next, enter this command: dumpasn1 <ouput_file>, substituting
<output_file> with the path to the file to that contains the base-64
encoded data in binary format. Your output should look similar to this:
0 30 76: SEQUENCE { 2 30 46: SEQUENCE { 4 06 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER extKeyUsage (2 5 29 37) 9 01 1: BOOLEAN TRUE 12 04 36: OCTET STRING
: 302206052A83450403060A5182E44283 : 3393DE5F3506062D825722CD09060551 : 38816A4A
50 30 26: SEQUENCE { 52 06 3: OBJECT IDENTIFIER issuerAltName (2 5 29 18) 57 04 19: OCTET STRING
:}
: 3011A40F300D310B3009060355040613 : 025553 :} :}
Usage
0 warnings, 0 errors.
d. If the output doesn’t appear right, repeat steps 1 through 3 to get the
correct output.
4. Copy the base-64 encoded blob in step 2 (the output generated by the
ExtJoiner) to the CMS wizard screen and generate the certificate or the certificate signing request (CSR), if submitting the request to another CA.
Chapter 5 Extension Joiner Tool 47
Usage
48 Netscape Certificate Management System Command-Line Tools Guide • May 2002
Chapter 6

Backing Up and Restoring Data

This chapter explains how to back up the Netscape Certificate Management System (CMS) data and configuration information and how to use the backups to restore data if there is a need.
The chapter has the following sections:
Backup and Restore Tools (page 49)
Backing Up Data (page 50)
Restoring Data (page 55)

Backup and Restore Tools

Certificate Management System provides tools to backup and restore the data and configuration for a CMS instance. These tools can be used, for example, to back up just your CMS data before you upgrade hardware or software on a machine. You might also use these tools as part of your overall system backup plan, perhaps to provide more frequent checkpoints of the CMS data than a nightly disk backup would record.
Since only CMS configuration and data are backed up, you will need to take other measures to back up data for external PKCS#11 cryptographic or key storage devices (such as smart card readers). If you rely on an external device for key storage (for example, to store the CA signing key), make sure that its data is backed up whenever you back up CMS data. When you restore the CMS data, it will rely on the external keys still being available. Refer to the PKCS#11 module vendor’s instructions for how to back up the data.
49

Backing Up Data

The backup and restore tools are simple Perl scripts; most Perl programmers should find no difficulty in customizing or extending them. Read this chapter to familiarize yourself with how the scripts work as well as their capabilities and limitations.
The Perl scripts that perform the backup or restore are called from shell scripts installed in the instance:
cmsbackup[.bat] copies all of the pertinent data and configuration files for a
• CMS instance, the local Administration Server, and local Netscape Directory Servers that the instance uses into an compressed archive (a zip file). See “Backing Up Data” on page 50 for instructions on how to use this tool.
cmsrestore[.bat] opens a named archive, extracts the data, and uses it to
• restore the configuration of a CMS instance. You have the option to restore everything or to select a subset of the archived data. See “Res toring Data” on page 55 for instructions on how to use this tool.
Be aware that the backup archivescontain sensitive information (for example, your CMS key database). Protect the backup archives as carefully as you protect the server itself. The backups are stored on a local disk by default. To avoid losing both the current data and the backup because of a disk failure, move the backup archives to another medium as soon as they are created. If possible, encrypt the archives or store them on removable media in a secured location.
<server_root>/cert-<instance_id>/ directory of every CMS
BackingUpData
Backing up your data is actually a very simple process. You run the script, and it creates an archive that you store securely. This section explains what the backup
cmsbackup)doesanddoesnotdosothatyoucanplanyouroverallsystem
tool ( maintenance and backup procedures.

What the Backup Tool Does

There is a script or batch file installed in the instance directory of every CMS instance. This file calls the Perl script
<server_root>/bin/cert/tools/CMSBackup.pl (using a Perl 5.005 interpreter
bundled w ith Certificate Management System).
Creates a log file where all backup actions are logged
Creates a temporary backup directory
50 Netscape Certificate Management System Command-Line Tools Guide • May 2002
CMSBackup.pl does the following:
Backing Up Data
Copies non-CMS certificate and key databases and shared files
Copies files required to configure the Netscape Console and Administration Server
Backs up the configuration Directory Server using that server’s
db2bak backup
utility (if the server is running locally)
Backs up the CMS internal database (Directory Server) using that server’s
db2bak backup utility
Copies CMS global and local class files
Copies CMS user interface files and templates
Copies CMS instance configuration files
Creates a compressed archive of all files in the backup directory
The log file is in
<server_root>/cert-<instance_id>/logs/cmsbackup.log.
You should review the log file after each backup to make sure that all phases of the backup completed successfully. If all or part of the backup fails it is usually due to a directory that is missing or not readable by the u ser running the backup.
The default temporary backup directory is
/var/tmp (Unix) or C:\Temp (Windows
NT). Ensure that access to this directory is restricted so that no one can intercept backup files while the archive is being built. You can change the working backup directory by changing the value of
$backup_path_prefix in CMSBackup.pl.
The non-CMS databases and shared files that are backed up are:
<server_root>/alias/*
<server_root>/shared/config/*.conf
The Administration Server files that are backed up are the following files from
<server_root>/admin-serv/config/:
admpw, the Administration Server password cache
*.conf, the Configuration files for the server and its associated LDAP data
*.db, the certificate and key databases for the Administration Server and
secmod.db (database of PKCS#11 modules available to all server instances)
The backup tool will use the Netscape Directory Server
db2bak tool to create a
backup of the CMS server instance internal database directory and the configuration directory (if it is running locally). Check the Netscape Directory Server documentation for full details on what this tool does. The data backed up includes all schema and object class definitions and, of course, all entries in the directory.
Chapter 6 BackingUp and Restoring Data 51
Backing Up Data
These CMS global and local class files are Java classes for custom plug-ins used by CMS servers. To back up this data, all files and subdirectories in the following directories are backed up:
<server_root>/bin/cert/classes
<server_root>/cert-<instance_id>/classes The following CMS global configuration files, which are used for access control
and the certificate mapping, are also backed up:
<server_root>/adminacl
<server_root>/httpacl
<server_root>/userdb The CMS user interface files and templates are the files used to create the forms end
entities and agents use to interact with CMS servers. All of these files for the instance you are backing up are in
<server_root>/cert-<instance_id>/web-apps
<server_root>/cert-<instance_id>/emails The CMS configuration files that get backed up are in
<server_root>/cert-<instance_id>/config. The specific files and their
purposes are:
CMS.cfg, the current master configuration file for the instance.
CMS.cfg.*, previous configuration files, available for reverting to an earlier
• configuration.
*.db, the server instance key and certificate databases.
*.ldif, ldif-format files that describe objects in the configuration database.
pwcache.db, the server instance password cache.
All of the data to be backed up is copied to the temporary backup directory. After all of the data has been copied, the script archives the entire backup directory into a compressed archive using
<server_root>/bin/cert/tools/zip). The script deletes the backup directory
zip (a copy of zip is installed in
once the zip archive is created.
52 Netscape Certificate Management System Command-Line Tools Guide • May 2002
Backing Up Data

What the Backup Tool Does Not Do

The cmsbackup script backs up only configuration and data related to a single CMS server instance. You may need to back up other files to recover from a failure completely, depending on the nature of the failure. For example, if some entries in your configuration Directory Server become corrupted then the data backed up by
cmsbackup is sufficient to restore the directory to a previous state. If, however, you
suffer a catastrophic disk failure, you will probably have to reinstall or restore Certificate Management System, Netscape Console, and Netscape Directory Server binaries and related tools before you use configuration.
The following is a list of items which may be part of your overall CMS deployment, but which are not backed up by
Other instances of CMS servers i n the same server root Each instance has a copy of the cmsbackup script that backs up only data
related to that instance.
External PKCS#11 module data If you use an external PKCS#11 device for key storage, make sure you follow
the vendor’s instructions for backing up its data whenever you back up your CMS server. It may be possible to extend the
CMSRestore.pl Perl scripts to include this data in the archives used by the
CMS backup tools.
cmsbackup:
cmsrestore to recover your previous
CMSBackup.pl and
Server binaries, libraries, and tools These f iles do not change after installation, and a re not backed up. To restore
these files, you can install the software again from the original media. You can also use a more generic disk backup tool to archive the contents of all directories beneath the server root.

Running the Backup Tool

Before you run cmsbackup,makesurethat
You are logged in as a user with permission to run for the LDAP servers, and to write to the output directory; you may need to become superuser on a UNIX system or Administrator on a Windows NT system.
Chapter 6 BackingUp and Restoring Data 53
cmsbackup,torundb2bak
Backing Up Data
There is plenty of disk space in the output directory; the size of the backup archive will vary with the amount of data in your system, so you will learn from experience how much space you require.
The configuration that you back up, of course, will use all of your current passwords. You will need to remember the current passwords if you restore this data after you change some passwords.
To run
1. Log in to the machine where your CMS instance is running and open a
cmsbackup:
command shell.
2. Change to the CMS server instance directory in the server root. For example, if
your server root is youwanttobackupis
# cd /usr/netscape/servers/cert-cmsinstance
3. Execute the backup script: either cmsbackup on UNIX or cmsbackup.bat on
/usr/netscape/servers and the instance ID of the server
cmsinstance:
Windows NT systems. For example,
# ./cmsbackup
The script will run. Control returns to the command prompt when the script has finished.

After You Finish a Backup

Immediately after running the backup tool, you should check the log file to make sure that all systems were archived successfully. The log file is
<server_root>/cert-<instance>/logs/cmsbackup.log
If the any part of the backup was not successful, there will be a message labeled
WARNING or ERROR that tells you why. Most of the time, the problems are the result
of directories or files that are missing or inaccessible to the user running
cmsbackup. If necessary, change the permissions on the required files, delete the
zip archive in the output directory, and run
cmsbackup again.
Once you have a successful zip archive, you should secure it. The output directory is probably accessible to any user on the system, and it may be on the same physical disk as the server instance itself. You want to make sure the archive is not accessible to unauthorized users and that you can use the archive if there is a system hardware failure. Remember, the archive contains a database of private keys. Although it is not easy to extract a key from the database without the correct passwords, you do not want anyone to have the opportunity to try.
54 Netscape Certificate Management System Command-Line Tools Guide • May 2002
Move the zip archive to another machine or removable medium. If possible, encrypt the archive (do not use the private keys stored in your CMS server’s database, since they may not be available when you need to restore the data). If you copy the archive to removable media such as tape or CD, make sure the copy is kept in a limited-access, locked area.

Restoring Data

The purpose of creating back up archives, of course, is to allow you to restore a previous state of the CMS server instance after a hardware or software failure corrupts your current state. The restore tool allows you to recover all or part of the configuration that was backed up. For example, you can use the tool to restore just the internal database of a CMS server instance.
A special case, automatic restore, allows you to completely restore the configuration from the latest backup archive quickly and without interaction.

Before You Restore Data

Restoring Data
Before you can restore from a backuparchive,the archive you wantto use h as to be available on a disk accessible from the server instance directory. If you want to use the automatic restore feature, you should put the archive in the output directory where UNIX).
Note the full path name to the backup archive; in the instructions later it will be referred to as
<archive_path> might be
You can use the word thebackuparchive.Ifyouuse
logs/latest_backup to find the path name of the archive. This file is created by cmsbackup and contains the name of the last archive created. Note that automatic
always causes all data to be restored: you will not be able to select only a subset of the data.
If you moved the zip archive to another machine or removable medium, copy it back to the local file system. If you encrypted the archive, decrypt it before you try to restore the data.
cmsbackup originally created it (C:\Temp on Windows NT or /var/tmp on
<archive_path>. For example, on a UNIX system, the
/var/tmp/CMS_cmsdemo_BACKUP-19991115093827.zip.
automatic instead of a path name to indicate the location of
automatic, the restore tool will read the file
Chapter 6 BackingUp and Restoring Data 55
Restoring Data
You cannot restore data to a CMS instance that has not been configured. If you re-installed CMS prior to attempting to restore data, you must configure the new CMS instance. When you configure the new installation, keep the following points in mind:
All services s hould be running on the same network ports as they were when the backup archive was created. For example, the administration console port isarandomnumberbydefault;besuretochangethedefaulttothesameport that your original installation used.
During configuration, you still need to create new keys and certificates for any servers that use the internal token. You only need to create these keys to complete the configuration process. Your signing, SSL, or DRM transport certificates will be restored (replacing whatever you create during the new configuration) when you run the restore script.
The user running the restore tool will probably need superuser (UNIX) or Administrator (Windows NT) privileges. The user running the tool will need privileges to do the following:
Read the backup zip archive
Create a temporary working directory in t he directory where the archive is located
Create directories and files in the server root and server instance directories (for example, if the
•Runthe
bak2db tool for any Netscape Directory Servers that are being res tored
CMS.cfg file needs to be restored)
(UNIX) Change file ownership of the LDAP database backup files to the Directory Server user. The Directory Server user is defined by the parameter in slapd.conf. If the Directory Server user is different from the user running
cmsrestore, the user running the tool must be able to run chown to
change the owner of the files to the LDAP server user (typically only the superuser has this privilege).
The process of restoring data will require that some servers be stopped and restarted. If any of your servers require passwords to start (for example, if they need to unlock the key database in order to listen for SSL requests), you will be prompted for the password. If any passwords have changed since you created the backup archive, make sure you know the password that was valid at the time the archive was created.
56 Netscape Certificate Management System Command-Line Tools Guide • May 2002
localuser
Restoring Data

Running the Restore Tool

To run cmsrestore:
1. Log in to the machine where the CMS instance you want to restore is installed
and open a command shell.
2. Change to the CMS server instance directory in the server root. For example, if
your server root is youwanttorestoreis
# cd /usr/netscape/servers/cert-cmsinstance
3.
Execute the restore script: either cmsrestore on UNIX or cmsrestore.bat on Windows NT systems.
/usr/netscape/servers and the inst ance ID of the server
cmsinstance:
You can either provide the argument
# ./cmsrestore <archive_path> | automatic
automatic (to read the archive path from logs/latest_backup):
<archive_path> as an argument or use the
For example,
# ./cmsrestore \ /var/tmp/CMS_cmsdemo_BACKUP-19991115093827.zip
If you use automatic as the argument, the restore proceeds automatically; go to Step 9 when
4. The script asks if you would like to perform a complete or prompted restore.
cmsrestore completes.
Enter
c (complete) to completely restore the contents of the archive without
further prompts. Proceed with Step 9 when the restore is complete.
p (prompted) to have the script ask you whether you want to restore
specific parts of the archive.
5. If the configuration Directory Server is located in the same server root, the first
prompt asks if you want to restore it. The configuration Directory Server is the directory used by the Administration Server to store information about servers, users, and groups.
If you answer
yes, the restore tool stops the Directory Server, restores the data,
then restarts the server. You may be asked to enter a password if one is required to start the server.
6. Next you are asked if you want to restore selected Administration Server data.
Chapter 6 BackingUp and Restoring Data 57
Restoring Data
If you answer no, no Administration Server data will be restored; proceed with the next step.
If you answer
yes, you will be asked three more questions about specific
Administration Server data you want to restore:
a. Main admin data is data in the Administration Server’s configuration
directory.
b. Non-CMS shared data is data in the <server_root>/shared/config
directory.
c. CMS certificate and key databases are the databases in the
<server_root>/alias directory.
After you answer the questions, the Administration Server i s stopped, the data restored from the archive, and the server is started again. If necessary, you will be prompted to enter a password to start the Administration Server.
7. Next you are asked if you want to restore the CMS internal database Directory
Server. This is the Directory Server this CMS instance uses as its internal database.
If you answer
yes, the restore tool stops the Directory Server, restores the data,
then restarts the server. You may be asked to enter a password if one is required to start the server.
8. Next you are asked if you want to restore selected data for this CMS server
instance. If you answer
yes, you will be asked four more questions about the following
CMS server instance data that you can restore:
a. Global CMS classes are Java classes that are shared by all CMS servers in
thesameserverroot.
b. Critical CMS data includes the configuration files, certificate and key
databases, and password cache in the instance.
c. LocalCMSclassesareJavaclassesusedonlybythisserverinstance. d. Custom CMS UI data includes all HTML files and templates in the
web-apps and emails directory of this CMS instance.
58 Netscape Certificate Management System Command-Line Tools Guide • May 2002
config directory for this CMS
Restoring Data
After you answer these questions, the tool stops the CMS server, restores the data, then restarts the server. You will be asked to enter the single sign-on password that unlocks the password cache when the server restarts (see section “Password Cache” in Chapter 8, “Starting and Stopping CMS Instances” of CMS Installation and Setup Guide .)
9. After the tool finishes restoring data, view the cmsrestore.log file in the
server instance
logs directory.
Review each step to make sure there were no errors in restoring the data. If there were errors or warnings, you may want to run
cmsrestore again. You
may need to change permissions on some files or manually start some servers before running
cmsrestore again.
The restore tool deletes the working directory where it unpacked the archive, but it does not delete the archive itself. You probably will not want to keep the backup archive on disk. Remember that the backup archive contains sensitive information. Delete or secure the archive when you are done using it to restore data.
Chapter 6 BackingUp and Restoring Data 59
Restoring Data
60 Netscape Certificate Management System Command-Line Tools Guide • May 2002
Chapter 7

ASCII to Binary Tool

You can use the ASCII to Binary tool to convert ASCII base-64 encoded data to binary base-64 encoded data.
This chapter has the following sections:
Location (page 61)
Syntax (page 61)
Example (page 62)

Location

Syntax

The tool is located with the rest of the command-line tools in this directory:
<server_root>/bin/cert/tools
To run the ASCII to Binary tool, type the following command:
AtoB[.bat] <input_file> <output_file>
.bat specifies the file extension; this is required only when running the utility
on a Windows NT system.
<input_file> specifies the path to the file that contains the base-64 encoded
data in ASCII format.
<output_file> specifies the path to the file to write the base-64 encoded data
in binary format.
61

Example

Example
AtoB.bat C:\test\data.in C:\test\data.out
The above command takes the base-64 encoded data (in ASCII format) in the file named
data.out.
data.in and writes the binary equivalent of the data to the file named
62 Netscape Certificate Management System Command-Line Tools Guide • May 2002
Chapter 8

Binary to ASCII Tool

You can use the Binary to ASCII tool to convert binary base-64 encoded data to ASCII base-64 encoded data.
The chapter has the following sections:
Location (page 63)
Syntax (page 63)
Example (page 64)

Location

Syntax

The tool is located with the rest of the command-line tools in this directory:
<server_root>/bin/cert/tools
To run the Binary to ASCII tool, type the following command:
BtoA[.bat] <input-file> <output_file>
.bat specifies the file extension; this is required only when running the utility
on a Windows NT system.
<input_file> specifies the path to the file that contains the base-64 encoded
data in binary format.
<output_file> specifies the path to the file to write the base-64 encoded data
in ASCII format.
63

Example

Example
BtoA.bat C:\test\data.in C:\test\data.out
The above command takes the base-64 encoded data (in binary format) in the file named
data.out.
data.in and writes the ASCII equivalent of the data to the file named
64 Netscape Certificate Management System Command-Line Tools Guide • May 2002
Chapter 9

Pretty Print Certificate Tool

You can use the Pretty Print Certificate tool to print the contents of a certificate stored as ASCII base-64 encoded data in a human-readable form.
The chapter has the following sections:
Location (page 65)
Syntax (page 65)
Example (page 66)

Location

Syntax

The tool is located with the rest of the command-line tools in this directory:
<server_root>/bin/cert/tools
To run the Pretty Print Certificate tool, type the following command:
PrettyPrintCert[.bat] <input_file> [<output_file>]
.bat specifies the file extension; this is required only when running the utility
on a Windows NT system.
<input_file> specifies the path to the file that contains the ASCII base-64
encoded certificate.
<output_file> specifies the path to the file to write the certificate. This
argument is optional; if you don’t specify an output file, the certificate information is written to the standard output.
65

Example

Example
PrettyPrintCert.bat C:\test\cert.in C:\test\cert.out
The above command takes the ASCII base-64 encoded certificate in the cert.in file and writes the certificate in the pretty-print form to the output file named
cert.out.
The base-64 encoded certificate (content of the this:
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
MIIC2DCCAkGgAwIBAgICEAwwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQAwfDELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxIzA hBgNVBAoTGlBhbG9va2FWaWxsZSBXaWRnZXRzLCBJbmMuMR0wGwYDVQQLExRXaWRnZX QgTWFrZXJzICdSJyBVczEpMCcGA1UEAxMgVGVzdCBUZXN0IFRlc3QgVGVzdCBUZXN0I FRlc3QgQ0EwHhcNOTkwMjE4MDMMzM5WhcNMDAwMjE4MDM0MzM5WjCBrjELMAkGA1UEB hMCVVMxJjAkBgNVBAoTHU5ldHNjYXBlIENvbW11bmljYXRpb25zIENvcnAuMRUwEwYD VQQLEwOZXRzY2FwZSBDTVMxGDAWBEBEwhtaGFybXNlbjEfMB0GA1UEAxWaW50ZGV2Y2 EgQWRtaW5pcwp0frfJOObeiSsia3BuifRHBNw95ZZQR9NIXr1x5bE
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
The certificate in pretty-print form (content of the cert.out file) would look similar to this:
Certificate:
Data:
Version: v3 Serial Number: 0x100C Signature Algorithm: OID.1.2.840.113549.1.1.5 -1.2.840.113549.1.1.5 Issuer: CN=Test CA,OU=Widget Makers 'R'Us,O=Example Corporation,
cert.in file) would look similar to
Widgets\,Inc.,C=US
Validity:
Not Before: Wednesday, February 17, 1999 7:43:39 PM Not After: Thursday, February 17, 2000 7:43:39 PM
Subject: MAIL=admin@example.com,CN=testCA,Administrator, UID=admin,
OU=IS, O=Example Corporation,C=US
Subject Public Key Info:
Algorithm: RSA - 1.2.840.113549.1.1.1 Public Key:
30:81:89:02:81:81:00:DE:26:B3:C2:9D:3F:7F:FA:DF: 24:E3:9B:7A:24:AC:89:AD:C1:BA:27:D1:1C:13:70:F7: 96:59:41:1F:4D:21:7A:F5:C7:96:C4:75:83:35:9F:49: E4:B0:A7:5F:95:C4:09:EA:67:00:EF:BD:7C:39:92:11:
66 Netscape Certificate Management System Command-Line Tools Guide • May 2002
31:F2:CA:C9:16:87:B9:AD:B8:39:69:18:CE:29:81:5F: F3:4D:97:B9:DF:B7:60:B3:00:03:16:8E:C1:F8:17:6E: 7A:D2:00:0F:7D:9B:A2:69:35:18:70:1C:7C:AE:12:2F: 0B:0F:EC:69:CD:57:6F:85:F3:3E:9D:43:64:EF:0D:5F: EF:40:FF:A6:68:FD:DD:02:03:01:00:01:
Extensions:
Identifier: 2.16.840.1.113730.1.1
Critical: no Value: 03:02:00:A0:
Identifier: Authority Key Identifier - 2.5.29.35
Critical: no Key Identifier:
EB:B5:11:8F:00:9A:1A:A6:6E:52:94:A9:74:BC:65:CF: 07:89:2A:23:
Signature:
Algorithm: OID.1.2.840.113549.1.1.5 - 1.2.840.113549.1.1.5 Signature:
3E:8A:A9:9B:D1:71:EE:37:0D:1F:A0:C1:00:17:53:26: 6F:EE:28:15:20:74:F6:C5:4F:B4:E7:95:3C:A2:6A:74: 92:3C:07:A8:39:12:1B:7E:C4:C7:AE:79:C8:D8:FF:1F: D5:48:D8:2E:DD:87:88:69:D5:3A:06:CA:CA:9C:9A:55: DA:A9:E8:BF:36:BC:68:6D:1F:2B:1C:26:62:7C:75:27: E2:8D:24:4A:14:9C:92:C6:F0:7A:05:A1:52:D7:CC:7D: E0:9D:6C:D8:97:3A:9C:12:8C:25:48:7F:51:59:BE:3C: 2B:30:BF:EB:0A:45:7D:A6:49:FB:E7:BE:04:05:D6:8F:
Example
Chapter 9 Pretty Print Certificate Tool 67
Example
68 Netscape Certificate Management System Command-Line Tools Guide • May 2002
Chapter 10

Pretty Print CRL Tool

You can use the Pretty Print CRL tool to print the contents of a CRL stored as ASCII base-64-encoded data in a human-readable form.
The chapter has the following sections:
Location (page 69)
Syntax (page 69)
Example (page 70)

Location

Syntax

The tool is located with the rest of the command-line tools in this directory:
<server_root>/bin/cert/tools
To run the Pretty Print CRL tool, type the following command:
PrettyPrintCrl[.bat] <input_file> [<output-file>]
.bat specifies the file extension; this is required only when running the utility
on a Windows NT system.
<input_file> specifies the path to the file that contains the ASCII base-64
encoded CRL.
<output_file> specifies the path to the file to write the CRL. This argument is
optional; if you don’t specify an output file, the CRL information is written to the standard output.
69

Example

Example
PrettyPrintCrl.bat C:\test\crl.in C:\test\crl.out
The above command takes the ASCII base-64 encoded CRL in the crl.in file and writes the CRL in the pretty-print form to the output file named
crl.out.
The base-64 encoded CRL (content of the
-----BEGIN CRL-----
MIIBkjCBAIBATANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQQFADAsMREwDwYDVQQKEwhOZXRzY2FwZTEXMBUG A1UEAxMOQ2VydDQwIFRlc3QgQ0EXDTk4MTIxNzIyMzcyNFowgaowIAIBExcNOTgxMjE 1MTMxODMyWjAMMAoGA1UdFQQDCgEBMCACARIXDTk4MTINTEzMjA0MlowDDAKBgNVHRU EAwoBAjAgAgERFw05ODEyMTYxMjUxNTRaMAwwCgYDVR0VBAMKAQEwIAIBEBcNOTgxMj E3MTAzNzI0WjAMMAoGA1UdFQQDCgEDMCACAQoXDTk4MTEyNTEzMTExOFowDDAKBgNVH RUEAwoBATANBgkqhkiG9w0BQQFAAOBgQBCN85O0GPTnHfImYPROvoorx7HyFz2ZsuKs VblTcemsX0NL7DtOa+MyY0pPrkXgm157JrkxEJ7GBOeogbAS6iFbmeSqPHj8+
-----END CRL-----
crl.in file) would look similar to this:
The CRL in pretty-print form (content of the crl.out file) would look similar to this:
Certificate Revocation List:
Data:
Version: v2 Signature Algorithm: MD5withRSA - 1.2.840.113549.1.1.4 Issuer: CN=Test CA,O=Example Corporation This Update: Thu Dec 17 14:37:24 PST 1998 Revoked Certificates:
Serial Number: 0x13 Revocation Date: Tuesday, December 15, 1998 5:18:32 AM Extensions:
Identifier: Revocation Reason - 2.5.29.21 Critical: no Reason: Key_Compromise
Serial Number: 0x12 Revocation Date: Tuesday, December 15, 1998 5:20:42 AM Extensions:
Identifier: Revocation Reason - 2.5.29.21 Critical: no Reason: CA_Compromise
70 Netscape Certificate Management System Command-Line Tools Guide • May 2002
Serial Number: 0x11 Revocation Date: Wednesday, December 16, 1998 4:51:54 AM Extensions:
Identifier: Revocation Reason - 2.5.29.21 Critical: no Reason: Key_Compromise
Serial Number: 0x10 Revocation Date: Thursday, December 17, 1998 2:37:24 AM Extensions:
Identifier: Revocation Reason - 2.5.29.21 Critical: no Reason: Affiliation_Changed
Serial Number: 0xA Revocation Date: Wednesday, November 25, 1998 5:11:18 AM Extensions:
Identifier: Revocation Reason - 2.5.29.21 Critical: no Reason: Key_Compromise
Signature:
Algorithm: MD5withRSA - 1.2.840.113549.1.1.4 Signature:
42:37:CE:4E:D0:63:D3:9C:77:C8:99:83:D1:3A:FA:28: AF:1E:C7:C8:5C:F6:66:CB:8A:B1:56:E5:4D:C7:A6:B1: 7D:0D:2F:B0:ED:39:AF:8C:C9:8D:29:3E:B9:17:82:6D: 79:EC:9A:E4:C4:42:7B:18:13:9E:A2:06:C0:4B:A8:85: 6E:67:92:A8:F1:E3:F3:E2:41:1F:9B:2D:24:D9:DF:4C: 2B:A1:68:CE:96:C7:AF:F7:5B:F7:3D:2F:06:57:39:74: CF:B2:FA:46:C6:AD:18:60:8D:3E:0C:F7:C1:66:52:37: CF:89:42:B0:D7:33:C4:95:7E:F4:D9:1E:32:B8:5E:12:
Example
Chapter 10 PrettyPrint CRL Tool 71
Example
72 Netscape Certificate Management System Command-Line Tools Guide • May 2002

Index

A
adding
new entries to the password cache 29
ASCII to Binary tool 61
example 62 location 61 syntax 61
B
Binary to ASCII tool 63
example 64 location 63 syntax 63
C
changing
passwords in the password cache 30
command-line utilities 13
ASCII to Binary 61 Binary to ASCII 63 CMS Upgrade 17 dumpasn1 14 extension joiner 45
for adding extensions to CMS certificates 45 location 13 Password Cache tool 27 PasswordCache tool 13 PIN Generator 33 Pretty Print Certificate 65 Pretty Print CRL 69 some guidelines 15 summary table 13
conventionsusedinthisbook9
D
deleting
entries from the password cache 31
documentation
conventionsfollowed9
dumpasn1 tool 14
E
ExtensionJoiner tool 45 extensions
tool for joining 45 tools for generating 45
Index 73
ExtJoiner tool
example 46 location 46 syntax 46
F
fonts used in this book 9
syntax 34 wheretofind33
Pretty Print Certificate tool 65
example 66 location 65 syntax 65
Pretty Print CRL tool 69
example 70 location 69 syntax 69
L
listing
contents of password cache 29
location of
command-line utilities 13 PIN Generator tool 33
P
password cache
tool for managing 27
Password Cache utility 27
adding new entries 29 changing passwords 30 deleting entries 31 listing contents 29 syntax 28 usage 28
wheretofind27 PasswordCache tool 13 PIN Generator tool 33
arguments 34
exit codes 43
how it works 38
how PINs are stored in the directory 43
output file 42
checking the directory-entry status 40 format 42 why should you use an output file 39
overwriting existing PINs in the directory 36, 40
S
setpin command 34
T
terms used in this book 9 type styles used in this book 9 typestyles used in this book 9
U
upgrading from previous versions 17
74 Netscape Certificate Management System Command-Line Tools Guide • May 2002
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