Redhat LINUX ADVANCED SERVER User Manual

Red Hat Linux Advanced Server

2.1

The Ofﬁcial Red Hat Linux

Advanced Server Installation

Guide

For the Itanium®Processor

Red Hat Linux Advanced Server 2.1: For the Itanium®Processor

Red Hat, Inc.

1801 Varsity Drive Raleigh NC 27606-2072 USA Phone: +1 919 754 3700 Phone: 888 733 4281 Fax: +1 919 754 3701 PO Box 13588

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rhl-ig-as-itanium(EN)-2.1-HTML-RHI (2002-09-19T10:24-0400) Copyright © 2002 by Red Hat, Inc. This material may be distributedonly subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Open Publication License, V1.0 or later (the latest version is presently available at http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/). Distribution of substantively modiﬁedversions of this document is prohibited without the explicit permissionof the copyright holder. Distribution of the work or derivative of the work in any standard (paper) book form for commercial purposes is prohibited unless prior permission is obtained from the copyright holder.

The admonition graphics (note, tip, and so on) were created by Marianne Pecci<goddess@ipass.net>. They may be redistributed with written permission from Marianne Pecci and Red Hat, Inc. Red Hat, Red Hat Network, the Red Hat "ShadowMan" logo, RPM, Maximum RPM, the RPM logo, Linux Library, PowerTools,Linux Undercover, RHmember, RHmember More, Rough Cuts, Rawhide and all Red Hat-based trademarks and logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of Red Hat, Inc. in the United Statesand other countries. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. Motif and UNIX are registeredtrademarks of The Open Group. Intel and Pentium are a registered trademarksof Intel Corporation. Itanium and Celeron are trademarksof Intel Corporation. AMD, AMD Athlon, AMD Duron, and AMD K6 are trademarks of AdvancedMicro Devices, Inc. Netscape is a registeredtrademark of Netscape Communications Corporation in the United States and other countries. Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. SSH and Secure Shell are trademarks of SSH CommunicationsSecurity, Inc. FireWire is a trademark of Apple Computer Corporation. All other trademarks and copyrights referred to are the property of their respectiveowners.

Table of Contents

Introduction.........................................................................................................................................v

1. Document Conventions.........................................................................................................v

2. How to Use This Manual ....................................................................................................vii

2.1. We Need Feedback! .............................................................................................vii

1. Steps to Get You Started.................................................................................................................9

1.1. Do You Have the Right Components? ...............................................................................9

1.1.1. Where to Find Other Manuals.............................................................................9

1.1.2. Registering Your Product.................................................................................. 10

1.1.3. No Boxed Set? No Problem!.............................................................................10

1.2. Is Your Hardware Compatible?........................................................................................ 10

1.3. Do You Have Enough Disk Space?..................................................................................10

1.3.1. Installation Disk Space Requirements ..............................................................11

1.4. Which Installation Class is Best For You?.......................................................................11

1.4.1. Advanced Server Installations ..........................................................................12

1.4.2. Custom Installations .........................................................................................12

2. Before You Begin the Installation Process ..................................................................................15

2.1. Installation Overview.......................................................................................................15

2.1.1. Disk Space Requirements .................................................................................15

2.2. The EFI Shell...................................................................................................................15

2.2.1. EFI Device Names ............................................................................................15

2.2.2. EFI System Partition.........................................................................................16

2.2.3. Booting the Installation Program......................................................................16

3. Installing Red Hat Linux Advanced Server ............................................................................... 19

3.1. The Graphical Installation Program User Interface ......................................................... 19

3.1.1. A Note about Virtual Consoles .........................................................................19

3.2. The Text Mode Installation Program User Interface .......................................................20

3.2.1. Using the Keyboard to Navigate.......................................................................21

3.2.2. Displaying Online Help ....................................................................................22

3.3. Selecting an Installation Method .....................................................................................22

3.4. Installing from CD-ROM.................................................................................................22

3.4.1. What If the IDE CD-ROM Was Not Found?.................................................... 23

3.5. Preparing for a Network Installation................................................................................24

3.5.1. Setting Up the Server ........................................................................................ 24

3.6. Installing via NFS ............................................................................................................24

3.7. Installing via FTP.............................................................................................................25

3.8. Installing via HTTP..........................................................................................................26

3.9. Welcome to Red Hat Linux..............................................................................................27

3.10. Language Selection........................................................................................................27

3.11. Keyboard Conﬁguration.................................................................................................28

3.12. Mouse Conﬁguration .....................................................................................................29

3.13. Install Options................................................................................................................31

3.14. Disk Partitioning Setup ..................................................................................................31

3.15. Automatic Partitioning...................................................................................................32

3.16. Partitioning Your System...............................................................................................33

3.16.1. Graphical Display of Hard Drive(s)................................................................34

3.16.2. Disk Druid’s Buttons .....................................................................................34

3.16.3. Partition Fields ................................................................................................35

3.16.4. Recommended Partitioning Scheme ...............................................................35

3.16.5. Adding Partitions ............................................................................................35

3.16.6. Editing Partitions ............................................................................................37

3.16.7. Deleting a Partition ......................................................................................... 37

3.17. Partitioning with parted ................................................................................................38

3.18. Network Conﬁguration ..................................................................................................38

3.19. Firewall Conﬁguration ................................................................................................... 40

3.20. Language Support Selection .......................................................................................... 42

3.21. Time Zone Conﬁguration...............................................................................................43

3.22. Account Conﬁguration...................................................................................................44

3.22.1. Setting the Root Password ..............................................................................45

3.22.2. Setting Up User Accounts...............................................................................46

3.23. Package Group Selection ...............................................................................................46

3.23.1. Selecting Individual Packages ........................................................................ 47

3.23.2. Unresolved Dependencies...............................................................................48

3.24. X Conﬁguration — Video Card ..................................................................................... 49

3.24.1. Video Card Conﬁguration............................................................................... 49

3.25. Preparing to Install .........................................................................................................50

3.26. Installing Packages.........................................................................................................50

3.27. X Conﬁguration — Monitor and Customization ...........................................................51

3.27.1. Conﬁguring Your Monitor ..............................................................................51

3.27.2. Custom Conﬁguration.....................................................................................52

3.28. Installation Complete ..................................................................................................... 53

3.29. Booting Your Machine and Post-Installation Setup.......................................................53

3.29.1. Specifying the Kernel .....................................................................................53

3.29.2. Post-Installation Boot Loader Options............................................................54

3.29.3. Using a Startup Script .....................................................................................54

A. Additional Resources about Itanium and Linux ....................................................................... 57

B. Troubleshooting Your Installation of Red Hat Linux Advanced Server.................................59

B.1. You are Unable to Boot Red Hat Linux Advanced Server..............................................59

B.1.1. Is Your System Displaying Signal 11 Errors? ..................................................59

B.2. Trouble Beginning the Installation..................................................................................59

B.2.1. Problems with Booting into the Graphical Installation ....................................59

B.2.2. Is Your Mouse Not Detected? .......................................................................... 59

B.3. Trouble During the Installation .......................................................................................60

B.3.1. Partition Creation Problems .............................................................................60

B.3.2. Other Partitioning Problems .............................................................................60

B.3.3. Are You Seeing Python Errors? .......................................................................60

B.4. Problems After Installation ............................................................................................. 61

B.4.1. Problems with Server Installations and X ........................................................62

B.4.2. Problems When You Try to Log In ..................................................................62

B.4.3. Your Printer Will Not Work Under X...............................................................62

B.4.4. Problems with Sound Conﬁguration ................................................................62

C. An Introduction to Disk Partitions.............................................................................................63

C.1. Hard Disk Basic Concepts...............................................................................................63

C.1.1. It is Not What You Write, it is How You Write It............................................63

C.1.2. Partitions: Turning One Drive Into Many ........................................................ 65

C.1.3. Partitions within Partitions — An Overview of Extended Partitions...............68

C.1.4. Making Room For Red Hat Linux Advanced Server....................................... 69

C.1.5. Partition Naming Scheme.................................................................................73

C.1.6. Disk Partitions and Other Operating Systems..................................................74

C.1.7. Disk Partitions and Mount Points.....................................................................74

C.1.8. How Many Partitions?......................................................................................75

Index...................................................................................................................................................77

Introduction

Welcome to the Ofﬁcial Red Hat Linux Advanced Server Installation Guide. This guide contains useful information to assist you during the installation of Red Hat Linux Advanced Server. From fundamental concepts such as installation preparation to the step-by-step installation procedure, this book will be a valuable resource as you install Red Hat Linux Advanced Server.

This manual will walk you through a typical installation using the Red Hat Linux Advanced Server CD-ROMs. Once you have completed the installation as outlined in this manual, you will have a fully functioning system.

1. Document Conventions

When you read this manual, you will see that certain words are represented in different fonts, typefaces, sizes, and weights. This highlighting is systematic; different words are represented in the same style to indicate their inclusion in a speciﬁc category. The types of words that are represented this way include the following:

command

Linux commands (and other operating system commands, when used) are represented this way. This style should indicate to you that you can type the word or phrase on the command line and press [Enter] to invoke a command. Sometimes a command contains words that would be displayed in a different style on their own (such as ﬁlenames). In these cases, they are considered to be part of the command, so the entire phrase will be displayed as a command. For example:

Use the cat testfile command to view the contents of a ﬁle, named testfile, in the current working directory.

filename

Filenames, directory names, paths, and RPM package names are represented this way. This style should indicate that a particular ﬁle or directory exists by that name on your Red Hat Linux system. Examples:

The .bashrc ﬁle in your home directory contains bash shell deﬁnitions and aliases for your own use.

The /etc/fstab ﬁle contains information about different system devices and ﬁlesystems. Install the webalizer RPM if you want to use a Web server log ﬁle analysis program.

application

This style should indicate to you that the program named is an end-user application (as opposed to system software). For example:

Use Netscape Navigator to browse the Web.

[key]

A key on the keyboard is shown in this style. For example: To use [Tab] completion, type in a character and then press the [Tab] key. Your terminal will

display the list of ﬁles in the directory that start with that letter.

[key]-[combination]

A combination of keystrokes is represented in this way. For example: The [Ctrl]-[Alt]-[Backspace] key combination will exit your graphical session and return you to

the graphical login screen or the console.

vi Introduction

text found on a GUI interface

A title, word, or phrase found on a GUI interface screen or window will be shown in this style. When you see text shown in this style, it is being used to identify a particular GUI screen or an element on a GUI screen (such as text associated with a checkbox or ﬁeld). Example:

Select the Require Password checkbox if you would like your screensaver to require a password before stopping.

top level of a menu on a GUI screen or window

When you see a word in this style, it indicates that the word is the top level of a pulldown menu. If you click on the word on the GUI screen, the rest of the menu should appear. For example:

Under Settings on a GNOME terminal, you will see the following menu items: Preferences, Reset Terminal, Reset and Clear, and Color selector.

If you need to type in a sequence of commands from a GUI menu, they will be shown like the following example:

Click on Programs=>Applications=>Emacs to start the Emacs text editor.

button on a GUI screen or window

This style indicates that the text will be found on aclickable button on aGUI screen. For example: Click on the Back button to return to the webpage you last viewed.

computer output

When you see text in this style, it indicates text displayed by the computer on the command line. You will see responses to commands you typed in, error messages, and interactive prompts for your input during scripts or programs shown this way. For example:

Use the ls command to display the contents of a directory:

$ ls Desktop axhome logs paulwesterberg.gif Mail backupfiles mail reports

The output returned in response to the command (in this case, the contents of the directory) is shown in this style.

prompt

A prompt, which is a computer’s way of signifying that it is ready for you to input something, will be shown in this style. Examples:

[stephen@maturin stephen]$

leopard login:

user input

Text that the user has to type, either on the command line, or into a text box on a GUI screen, is displayed in this style. In the following example, text is displayed in this style:

To boot your system into the text based installation program, you will need to type in the text command at the boot: prompt.

Additionally, we use several different strategies to draw your attention to certain pieces of information. In order of how critical the information is to your system, these items will be marked as note, tip, important, caution, or a warning. For example:

Introduction vii

Note

Remember that Linux is case sensitive. In other words, a rose is not a ROSE is not a rOsE.

Tip

The directory /usr/share/doc contains additional documentation for packages installed on your system.

Important

If you modify the DHCP conﬁguration ﬁle, the changes will not take effect until you restart the DHCP daemon.

Caution

Do not perform routine tasks as root — use a regular user account unless you need to use the root account for system administration tasks.

Warning

If you choose not to partition manually, a server installation will remove all existing partitions on all installed hard drives. Do not choose this installation class unless you are sure you have no data you need to save.

2. How to Use This Manual

This manual focuses on a CD-ROM based installation, so it is ideal for users (both new and old) who want a quick and simple installation solution. It will help you prepare your system, walk you through the installation, and assist you in the conﬁguration of Red Hat Linux Advanced Server.

If you are an experienced user who wants to perform a Red Hat Linux Advanced Server CD-ROM installation, and you do not need a review of the basics, you can skip ahead to Chapter 3 to begin the installation process.

Tip

Refer to the Red Hat Frequently Asked Questions for answers to questions and problems that may occur before, during, or after the installation. You will ﬁnd the FAQ online at:

http://www.redhat.com/support/docs/faqs/rhl_general_faq/

viii Introduction

2.1. We Need Feedback!

If you spot a typo in the Ofﬁcial Red Hat Linux Advanced Server Installation Guide, or if you have thought of a way to make this manual better, we would love to hear from you! Please submit a report against the component rhl-ig-as-itanium in Bugzilla at:

http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla/

When submitting a bug report, be sure to mention the manual’s identiﬁer:

rhl-ig-as-itanium(EN)-2.1-HTML-RHI (2002-09-19T10:24-0400)

If you have a suggestion for improving the documentation, try to be as speciﬁc as possible when describing it. If you have found an error, please include the section number and some of the surrounding text so we can ﬁnd it easily.

If you have a support question (for example, if you need help conﬁguring X, or if you are not sure how to partition your hard drive[s]), use the online support system by registering your product at:

http://www.redhat.com/apps/activate/

Chapter 1.

Steps to Get You Started

Note

Although this manual reﬂects the most current information possible, you should read the to Red Hat Linux Advanced Server Release Notes for information that may not have been available prior to our documentation being ﬁnalized. The Release Notes can be found on the Red Hat Linux Advanced Server CD #1 and online at:

http://www.redhat.com/docs/ma nuals/linux

Before you install to Red Hat Linux Advanced Server, you should perform the following steps:

1.1. Do You Have the Right Components?

If you have purchased the Ofﬁcial Red Hat Linux Advanced Server boxed set, you are ready to go. However, mistakes occasionally happen, so now is a good time to double-check the contents of your product.

A black, red, and white Registration Information card is included with your product. A list of the contents of your boxed set version is on the back of the card. Please read over the list and check to make sure that you have all the CDs and manuals that are included with the version of Red Hat Linux Advanced Server that you purchased.

If you have purchased the Ofﬁcial Red Hat Linux Advanced Server boxed set from Red Hat, Inc. (or one of our distributors), and you are missing one or more of the items listed, please let us know. Contact information is also available on the Registration Information card.

How to identify our ofﬁcial boxed set: The bottom of our box has an ISBN number next to one of the bar codes. That ISBN number should be in this form:

1-58569-x-y

(The x and y will be unique numbers.) Red Hat partners with companies (international and domestic) so that we can make Red Hat Linux

Advanced Server available to you in the most convenient form. Because of these partnerships, you might ﬁnd that your Red Hat Linux Advanced Server product may not have been actually produced by Red Hat.

If your product has a different ISBN number (or none at all), you will need to contact the company that produced it. Normally, third-party producers will include their logo and/or contact information on the outside of their box; an ofﬁcial Red Hat Linux Advanced Server boxed set lists only our name and contact information.

1.1.1. Where to Find Other Manuals

If your particular product did not include all of the printed Red Hat Linux Advanced Server manuals, or if you would like to referece other Red Hat Linux manuals, you can ﬁnd them online or on the Red

10 Chapter 1. Steps to Get You Started

Hat Linux Advanced Server Documentation CD included with your ofﬁcial Red Hat Linux Advanced Server product.

To ﬁnd the manuals in both HTML and PDF formats online, go to:

http://www.redhat.com/docs

1.1.2. Registering Your Product

If you have purchased the Ofﬁcial Red Hat Linux Advanced Server boxed set, you should register your product. Registration offers many useful services, such as access to Red Hat Network and more. To register your product, go to:

http://www.redhat.com/apps/activate/

You will ﬁnd your Product ID on the Registration Information card in your Ofﬁcial Red Hat Linux Advanced Server boxed set. Once registered, you will have access to all the extras that Red Hat provides to its registered users.

1.1.3. No Boxed Set? No Problem!

Of course, not everyone purchases a Red Hat Linux Advanced Server boxed set. It is entirely possible to install Red Hat Linux Advanced Server using a CD created by another company, or even via FTP. In these cases, you may need to create one or more diskettes to get started.

For people installing Red Hat Linux Advanced Server from a CD-ROM not from Red Hat, you may need a boot disk. You may also be able to start the installation directly from the CD. We will discuss this in more detail when we outline the various installation methods.

For information on making diskettes, see Section 2.2.3.2.

1.2. Is Your Hardware Compatible?

Hardware compatibility is particularly important if you have an older system or a system that youbuilt yourself. Red Hat Linux Advanced Server 2.1 should be compatible with most hardware in systems that were factory built within the last two years. However, hardware speciﬁcations change almost daily, so it is hard to guarantee that your hardware will be 100% compatible.

The most recent list of supported hardware can be found at:

http://hardware.redhat.com/hcl/

1.3. Do You Have Enough Disk Space?

Nearly every modern-day operating system (OS) uses disk partitions, and Red Hat Linux Advanced Server is no exception. When you install Red Hat Linux Advanced Server, you may have to work with disk partitions. If you have not worked with disk partitions before (or need a quick review of the basic concepts) read Appendix C before proceeding.

The disk space used by Red Hat Linux Advanced Server must be separate from the disk space used by other OSes you may have installed on your system. At least three partitions (/, /boot/efi, and

swap) must be dedicated to Red Hat Linux Advanced Server.

Before you start the installation process, one of the following conditions must be met:

Chapter 1. Steps to Get You Started 11

• Your computer must have enough unpartitioned

disk space for the installation of Red Hat Linux

Advanced Server.

• You must have one or more partitions that may be deleted, thereby freeing up enough disk space to

install Red Hat Linux Advanced Server.

1.3.1. Installation Disk Space Requirements

Note

These recommendations are based on an installation that only installs one language (such as English). If you plan to install multiple languages to use on your system, you should increase the disk space requirements.

Advanced Server

An Advanced Server installation, without a desktop environment, requires at least 1.8 GB of free disk space. Choosing to install GNOME or KDE,requires at least 2.3 GBof free space. Choosing both GNOME and KDE requires at least 2.8 GB of free disk space.

Custom

A Custom installation requires 500 MB for a minimal installation and at least 4.2 GB of free space if every package is selected.

If you are not sure that you meet these conditions, or if you want to know how to create free disk space for your Red Hat Linux Advanced Server installation, please refer to Appendix C.

1.4. Which Installation Class is Best For You?

Usually, Red Hat Linux Advanced Server is installed on its own disk partition or set of partitions, or over another installation of Linux.

Warning

Installing Red Hat Linux Advanced Server over another installation of Linux (including Red Hat Linux Advanced Server) does not preserve any information (ﬁles or data) from a prior installation. Make sure you save any impor tant ﬁles! To preserve the current data on your existing system, you should back up your data and/or consider performing an upgrade instead.

Red Hat Linux Advanced Server provides the following different types, of installations:

1. Unpartitioned disk space means that available disk space on the hard drive(s) you are installing to has not

been divided into sections for data. When you partition a disk, each partition will behave like a separate disk

drive.

12 Chapter 1. Steps to Get You Started

Advanced Server

Red Hat Linux Advanced Server includes technology and services appropriate for enterprise servers hosting mission critical applications. Ideal for high-availability and failover solutions, Advanced Server is a reliable andpowerful server that delivers the best Red Hat innovations while protecting the stability of your server applications. Advanced Server is intended for the continuous operation of reliable, constant load internet and intranet applications (such as databases), especially supported third-party software solutions.

Custom

A custom installation allows you the greatest ﬂexibility during your installation. Youchoose your boot loader, which packages you want, and more. Custom installations are most appropriate for those users morefamiliar with Red Hat Linux installations and for thoseafraid of losing complete ﬂexibility.

These classes give you the option of simplifying the installation process (with some potential for loss of conﬁguration ﬂexibility), or retaining ﬂexibility with a slightly more complex installation process. Next, take a detailed look at each class, so you can see which one is right for you.

1.4.1. Advanced Server Installations

A Red Hat Linux Advanced Server installation will install your choice of the GNOME or KDE desktop environments, or both, and the X Window System (the graphical software on which the desktop environments are based).

Below are the minimum recommended disk space requirements for installations where only one language (such as English) will be installed.

• Advanced Server without a desktop environment: 1.8 GB

• Advanced Server choosing GNOME or KDE : 2.3 GB

• Advanced Server choosing both GNOME and KDE: 2.8 GB

If you plan to choose all package groups (for example, GNOME is a group of packages), as well as select additional individual packages, you may want to allow yourself 3 GB or more of disk space.

1.4.1.1. What an Advanced Server Installation Will Do

If you choose automatic partitioning, an installation will create the following partitions:

• A 100 MB partition (mounted as /boot/efi and formatted as type vfat) in which the Linux kernel,

the ELILO conﬁguration ﬁles, and other related ﬁles reside.

• The size of the swap partition is determined by the amount of RAM in your system and the amount

of space available on your hard drive. For example, if you have 128 MB of RAM then the swap partition created can be 128 MB - 256 MB (twice your RAM), depending on how much disk space is available.

• A root partition (mounted as /) in which all other ﬁles are stored (the exact size of this partition is

dependent on your available disk space).

1.4.2. Custom Installations

The custom installation allows you the most ﬂexibility during your installation. The recommended disk space requirements for a custom installation are as follows:

Chapter 1. Steps to Get You Started 13

• Custom (minimum): 500 MB

• Custom (choosing everything): 4.2 GB

1.4.2.1. What a Custom Installation Will Do

As you might guess from the name, a custom installation puts the emphasis on ﬂexibility. You have complete control over which packages will be installed on your system.

If you choose automatic partitioning, a custom installation will create the following partitions:

• A 100 MB partition (mounted as /boot/efi and formatted as vfat) in which the Linux kernel,

ELILO conﬁguration ﬁles, and other related ﬁles reside.

•

The size of the swap partition is determined by the amount of RAM in your system and the amount of space available on your hard drive. For example, if you have 128 MB of RAM then the swap partition created can be 128 MB - 256 MB (twice your RAM), depending on how much disk space is available.

• A root partition (mounted as /) in which all other ﬁles are stored (the exact size of this partition is

dependent on your available disk space).

14 Chapter 1. Steps to Get You Started

Chapter 2.

Before You Begin the Installation Process

2.1. Installation Overview

Installing Red Hat Linux Advanced Server on an Itanium system is different from installing Red Hat Linux Advanced Server on an x86 machine. In general, the sequence of steps to a successful installation are the following:

1. Boot into the Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) Shell.

2. If you can not boot from the CD-ROM and the system has an LS-120 or LS-240 drive, make an LS-120 diskette from the boot image ﬁle provided with Red Hat Linux Advanced Server.

3. Using the EFI Shell and the ELILO boot loader, load and run the kernel, and boot into the Red Hat Linux Advanced Server installation program.

2.1.1. Disk Space Requirements

Before you begin the installation, be aware that you will need certain amounts of free disk space to install Red Hat Linux Advanced Server.

• At minimum, you will need 512 MB of RAM and 1 GB of free hard disk space to install.

• You should have 1024 MB of RAM and 4.2 GB or more of free hard disk space on your machine

for a full installation.

Depending upon what type of installation you are performing, you may need an LS-120 diskette.

2.2. The EFI Shell

Before you start to install Red Hat Linux Advanced Server on an Itanium, you will need a basic understanding of the EFI Shell, what it does, and the information it can provide.

The EFI Shell is a console interface used to launch applications (such as the Red Hat Linux Advanced Server installation program), load EFI protocols and device drivers, and execute simple scripts. It is similar to a DOS console and can access media that is FAT16 (vfat) or FAT32 formatted.

The EFI Shell also contains common utilities that can be used on the EFI system partition. These utilities include edit, type, cp, rm, and mkdir. To see a list of utilities and other commands, type

help at the EFI Shell prompt.

Additional information on EFI can be found at the following URL:

http://developer.intel.com/technology/efi/index.htm

2.2.1. EFI Device Names

The map command can be used to list all devices and ﬁle systems that EFI can recognize. When your Itanium system boots into the EFI shell, it probes your system in the following order:

1. LS-120 or LS-240 drive (if it contains media)

16 Chapter 2. Before You Begin the Installation Process

2. IDE hard drives on the primary IDE interface

3. IDE hard drives on the secondary IDE interface

4. SCSI hard drives on the SCSI interface

5. CD-ROM drives on the IDE interface

6. CD-ROM drives on the SCSI interface

To view the results of this system poll, type the following command at the EFI Shell prompt:

Shellmap

The output is listed in the order the system was probed. So, all FAT16 ﬁle systems are listed ﬁrst, then IDE hard drives, then SCSI hard drives, then IDE CD-ROM drives, and ﬁnally SCSI CD-ROM drives.

For example, output of the map command might look like the following:

Device mapping table

fs0 : VenHw(Unknown Device:00)/HD(Part1,Sig00000000) fs1 : VenHw(Unknown Device:80)/HD(Part1,Sig00000000) fs2 : VenHw(Unknown Device:FF)/CDROM(Entry1)/HD(Part1,Sig00000000) blk0 : VenHw(Unknown Device:00) blk1 : VenHw(Unknown Device:00)/HD(Part1,Sig00000000) blk2 : VenHw(Unknown Device:80) blk3 : VenHw(Unknown Device:80)/HD(Part1,Sig00000000) blk4 : VenHw(Unknown Device:80)/HD(Part2,Sig00000000) blk5 : VenHw(Unknown Device:80)/HD(Part3,Sig00000000) blk6 : VenHw(Unknown Device:80)/HD(Part3,Sig00000000)/HD(Part1,Sig725F7772) blk7 : VenHw(Unknown Device:FF) blk8 : VenHw(Unknown Device:FF)/CDROM(Entry1) blk9 : VenHw(Unknown Device:FF)/CDROM(Entry1)/HD(Part1,Sig00000000)

In this example, there is an LS-120 diskette in the LS-120 drive as well as a CD-ROM in the CDROM drive. All the listings beginning with fs are FAT16 ﬁle systems that EFI can read. All the listings beginning with blk are block devices that EFI recognizes. Both the ﬁle systems and block devices are listed in the order they are probed. Therefore, fs0 is the system partition on the LS-120,

fs1 is the system partition on the hard drive, and fs2 is the system partition on the CD-ROM.

2.2.2. EFI System Partition

When partitioning your hard drive for Linux, you must create a system partition that is FAT16 (vfat) or FAT32 formatted and has a mount point of /boot/efi. This partition will contain the installed Linux kernel(s) as well as the elilo conﬁguration ﬁle (/boot/efi/EFI/redhat/elilo.conf). The elilo.conf ﬁle contains a list of kernels from which you can boot your system.

2.2.3. Booting the Installation Program

Your Itanium system will probably be able to boot the Red Hat Linux Advanced Server installation program directly from the Red Hat Linux Advanced Server CD 1. If your Itanium cannot boot the installation program from the CD-ROM, you must boot from a diskette. See Section 2.2.3.2 for more information on booting from a diskette.

Chapter 2. Before You Begin the Installation Process 17

2.2.3.1. Booting the Installation Program from the CD-ROM

To boot from Red Hat Linux Advanced Server CD 1 follow these steps:

1. Remove all media except Red Hat Linux Advanced Server CD 1.

2. From the Boot Option menu choose EFI Shell.

Note

On some systems, the EFI shell can be found under a System Utilities submenu.

3. At the Shellprompt, change to the ﬁle system on the CD-ROM. For example, in the above sample map output, the system partition on the CD-ROM is fs1. To change to the fs1 ﬁle system, you would type fs1: at the prompt.

4. Type elilo linux to boot into the installation program.

5. Go to Chapter 3 to begin the installation.

2.2.3.2. Booting the Installation Program from an LS-120 Diskette

If your Itanium will not boot from Red Hat Linux Advanced Server CD 1, you may need to boot from an LS-120 diskette.

Tip

The installation program supports passing the askmethod boot command to the installation program. This command asks you to select the installation method you would like to use when booting from the Red Hat Linux Advanced Server CD.

To boot from an LS-120 diskette follow these steps:

1. You will need to create an LS-120 boot image ﬁle diskette from the boot image ﬁle on CD 1:

images/boot.img. To create this diskette in Linux, insert a blank LS-120 diskette and type

the following command at a shell prompt:

dd if=boot.img of=/dev/hda bs=180k

Replace boot.img with the full path to the boot image ﬁle and /dev/hda with the correct device name for the LS-120 diskette drive.

2. Insert the LS-120 diskette you made from the boot image ﬁle boot.img. If you are performing a local CD-ROM installation but booting off the LS-120 diskette, insert the Red Hat Linux Advanced Server CD 1 also. If you are performing an NFS image, FTP, or HTTP installation, you do not need the CD-ROM.

3. From the Boot Option menu choose EFI Shell.

Note

On some systems, the EFI shell can be found under a System Utilities submenu.

4. At the Shellprompt, change the device to the LS-120 drive by typing the command fs0:, using the example map output above.

5. Type elilo linux to boot into the installation program.

18 Chapter 2. Before You Begin the Installation Process

6. If you are not performing a CD-ROM install, you will need to choose a few basic options for your system and then you will need to select which installation method you would like to use.

7. Go to Chapter 3 for further instructions.

2.2.3.3. Boot Loader Options

To pass options to the boot loader, enter the following at the EFI Shell prompt:



Shell

elilo linux option

Acceptable options that can be passed to the installation program are as follows:

• text — use text mode installation program

• lowres — use 640 x 480 resolution

• dd — use a driver disk

• expert — expert mode

• askmethod — select the installation method you would like to use when booting from the CD

Chapter 3.

Installing Red Hat Linux Advanced Server

This chapter explains how to install Red Hat Linux Advanced Server from the CD-ROM using the graphical, mouse-based installation program. The following topics are discussed:

• Getting familiar with the installation program’s user interface

• Starting the installation program

• Selecting an installation method

• Conﬁguration steps during the installation (language, keyboard, mouse, etc.)

• Finishing the installation

3.1. The Graphical Installation Program User Interface

If you have used a graphical user interface (GUI) before, you will be familiar with this process; simply use your mouse to navigate the screens, "click" buttons, or enter text ﬁelds. You can also navigate through the installation using the [Tab] and [Enter] keys.

Note

If you do not wish to use the GUI installation program, the text mode installation program is also available. To start the text mode installation program, type the following command at the EFI Shell prompt:

Shell> elilo linux text

3.1.1. A Note about Virtual Consoles

The Red Hat Linux Advanced Server installation program offers more than the dialog boxes of the installation process. Several different kinds of diagnostic messages are available to you, in addition to providing a way to enter commands from a shell prompt. The installation program displays these messages on ﬁve virtual consoles, among which you can switch using a single keystroke combination.

These virtual consoles can be helpful if you encounter a problem while installing Red Hat Linux Advanced Server . Messages displayed on the installation or system consoles can help pinpoint a problem. Please see Table 3-1 for a listing of the virtual consoles, keystrokes used to switch to them, and their contents.

Console Keystrokes Contents

1 [Ctrl]-[Alt]-[F1] installation dialog 2 [Ctrl]-[Alt]-[F2] shell prompt 3 [Ctrl]-[Alt]-[F3] install log (messages from

4 [Ctrl]-[Alt]-[F4] system-related messages

installation program)

20 Chapter 3. Installing Red Hat Linux Advanced Server

Console Keystrokes Contents

5 [Ctrl]-[Alt]-[F5] other messages 7 [Ctrl]-[Alt]-[F7] X graphical display

Table 3-1. Console, Keystrokes, and Contents

Generally, there is no reason to leave the default console (virtual console #7) unless you are attempting to diagnose installation problems.

3.2. The Text Mode Installation Program User Interface

The Red Hat Linux Advanced Server text mode installation program uses a screen-based interface that includes most of the on-screen "widgets" commonly found on graphical user interfaces. Figure 3-1, and Figure 3-2, illustrate the screens you will see.

Figure 3-1. Installation Program Widgets as seen in Boot Loader Conﬁguration

Chapter 3. Installing Red Hat Linux Advanced Server 21

Figure 3-2. Installation Program Widgets as seen in Disk Druid

Here is a list of the most important widgets shown in Figure 3-1, and Figure 3-2:

• Window — windows (usually referred to as dialogs in this manual) will appear on your screen

throughout the installation process. At times, one window may overlay another; in these cases, you can only interact with the window on top. When you are ﬁnished in that window, it will disappear, allowing you to continue working in the window underneath.

• Checkbox — checkboxes allow you to select or deselect a feature. The box displays either an

asterisk (selected) or a space (unselected). When the cursor is within a checkbox, press [Space] to select an unselected feature or to deselect a selected feature.

• Text Input — text input lines are regions where you can enter information required by the installa-

tion program. When the cursor rests on a text input line, you may enter and/or edit information on that line.

• Text widget — text widgets are regions of the screen for the display of text. At times, text widgets

may also contain other widgets, such as checkboxes. If a text widget contains more information than can be displayed in the space reserved for it, a scroll bar appears; if you position the cursor within the text widget, you can then use the [Up] and [Down] arrow keys to scroll through all the information available. Your current position is shown on the scroll bar by a # character, which moves up and down the scroll bar as you scroll.

• Scroll Bar — scroll bars appear on the side or bottom of a window to control which part of a list or

document is currently in the window’s frame. The scroll bar makes it easy to move to any part of a ﬁle.

• Button widget — button widgets are the primary method of interacting with the installation pro-

gram. You progress through the windows of the installation program by navigating these buttons, using the [Tab] and [Enter] keys. Buttons can be selected when they are highlighted.

• Cursor — although not a widget, the cursor is used to select (and interact) with a particular widget.

As the cursor is moved from widget to widget, it may cause the widget to change color, or you may only see the cursor itself positioned in or next to the widget. In Figure 3-1, the cursor is positioned on the OK button. Figure 3-2, shows the cursor on the Edit button.

3.2.1. Using the Keyboard to Navigate

Navigation through the installation dialogs is performed through a simple set of keystrokes. To move the cursor, use [Left], [Right], [Up], and [Down] arrow keys. Use [Tab], and [Alt]-[Tab] to cycle forward or backward through each widget on the screen. Along the bottom, most screens display a summary of available cursor positioning keys.

22 Chapter 3. Installing Red Hat Linux Advanced Server

To "press" a button, position the cursor over the button (using [Tab], for example) and press [Space] or [Enter]. To select an item from a list of items, move the cursor to the item you wish to select and press [Enter]. To select an item with a checkbox, move the cursor to the checkbox and press [Space] to select an item. To deselect, press [Space] a second time.

Pressing [F12] accepts the current values and proceeds to the next dialog; it is equivalent to pressing the OK button.

Caution

Unless a dialog box is waiting for your input, do not press any keys during the installation process (doing so may result in unpredictable behavior).

3.2.2. Displaying Online Help

Once the installation program isloaded into memory,you can obtain information about the installation process and options by pressing [F1] through [F6]. For example, press [F2] to see general information about the online help screens.

3.3. Selecting an Installation Method

What type ofinstallation method do you wishto use? The following installation methods are available:

CD-ROM

If you have a CD-ROM drive and the Red Hat Linux CD-ROMs, you can use this method. You will need a boot disk or a bootable CD-ROM. Refer to Section 3.4, for CD-ROM installation instructions.

NFS Image

If you are installing from an NFS server using ISO images or a mirror image of Red Hat Linux, you can use this method. You will need a network boot disk. Refer to Section 3.6, for network installation instructions. Please note that NFS installations may also be performed in GUI mode.

FTP

If you are installing directly from an FTP server, use this method. You will need a network boot disk. Refer to Section 3.7, for FTP installation instructions.

HTTP

If you are installing directly from an HTTP (Web) server, use this method. You will need a network boot disk. Refer to Section 3.8, for HTTP installation instructions.

Chapter 3. Installing Red Hat Linux Advanced Server 23

3.4. Installing from CD-ROM

To install Red Hat Linux Advanced Server from a CD-ROM, choose the CD-ROM option from the boot loader screen and select OK. When prompted, insert the Red Hat Linux Advanced Server CD into your CD-ROM drive (if you did not boot from the CD-ROM). Once the CD is in the CD-ROM drive, select OK, and press [Enter].

The installation program will then probe your system and attempt to identify your CD-ROM drive. It will start by looking for an IDE (also known as an ATAPI) CD-ROM drive. If found, you will continue to the next stage of the installation process (see Section 3.10).

Note

To abort the installation process at this time, reboot your machine and then eject the boot diskette or CD-ROM. You can safely cancel the installation at any point before the About to Install screen. See Section 3.25 for more information.

If a CD-ROM drive is not detected, you will be asked what type of CD-ROM drive you have. Choose from the following types:

SCSI

Select this if your CD-ROM drive is attached to a supported SCSI adapter; the installation program will then ask you to choose a SCSI driver. Choose the driver that most closely resembles your adapter. You may specify options for the driver if necessary; however, most drivers will detect your SCSI adapter automatically.

Other

If your CD-ROM drive is neither an IDE nor a SCSI, it is an other. Sound cards with proprietary CD-ROM interfaces are good examples of this type of CD-ROM. The installation program will display a list of drivers for supported CD-ROM drives — choose a driver and, if necessary, specify any driver options. It is recommended that you use the oldcdrom.img image ﬁle

Tip

A partial list of optional parameters for CD-ROM drives can be found in the Ofﬁcial Red Hat Linux Reference Guide, in the General Parameters and Modules appendix.

3.4.1. What If the IDE CD-ROM Was Not Found?

If you have an IDE (ATAPI) CD-ROM, but the installation program fails to ﬁnd your IDE (ATAPI) CD-ROM and asks you what type of CD-ROM drive you have, try the following boot command. Restart the installation, and at the boot: prompt enter linux hdX=cdrom. Replace the X with one of the following letters, depending on the interface the unit is connected to, and whether it is conﬁgured as master or slave (also known as primary and secondary):

• a — ﬁrst IDE controller, master

• b — ﬁrst IDE controller, slave

24 Chapter 3. Installing Red Hat Linux Advanced Server

• c — second IDE controller, master

• d — second IDE controller, slave

If you have a third and/or fourth controller, continue assigning letters in alphabetical order, going from controller to controller, and master to slave.

3.5. Preparing for a Network Installation

If you are performing a network installation, the Conﬁgure TCP/IP dialog appears; for an explanation of this dialog, go to Section 3.18, and then return here.

3.5.1. Setting Up the Server

Because the installation program is capable of installing Red Hat Linux Advanced Server from multiple CD-ROMs, if you intend to support NFS, FTP, or HTTP installations you must copy the RedHat directory from each CD-ROM comprising Red Hat Linux Advanced Server 2.1 onto a disk drive:

• For each binary CD-ROM, execute the following commands:

• mount /mnt/cdrom

• cp -var /mnt/cdrom/RedHat /location/of/disk/space

Where /location/of/disk/space is a directory you create such as /export/7.3/.

• umount /mnt/cdrom

• Please note that the Release Notes are not included in the RedHat directory. Unless they are specif-

ically copied over, the Release Notes will not be available during your installation. The Release Notes are also available online from http://www.redhat.com/docs.

• Next, make /location/of/disk/space accessible to the installation program (for example, ex-

porting it for NFS installations) by editing the /etc/exports ﬁle and adding the line:

/location/of/disk/space *(ro)

• Finally, run the following command to make /location/of/disk/space available as read-only

to each system to mount:

/sbin/service nfs reload

If you are not sure how to do this, refer to the Ofﬁcial Red Hat Linux Customization Guide and the Ofﬁcial Red Hat Linux Reference Guide for more information.

3.6. Installing via NFS

The NFS dialog (Figure 3-3) applies only if you are installing from an NFS server (if you selected

NFS Image in the Installation Method dialog).

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