Red Hat GNBD WITH GLOBAL FILE SYSTEM 4.7, GFS for Enterprise Linux 4.7 Configuration And Administration Manual

Using GNBD with Global File System

Configuration and

Administration

4.7

Global_Network_Block_Device

ISBN: N/A

Publication date: July 2008

This book provides an overview on using Global Network Block Device (GNBD) with Red Hat
GFS for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.7.

Using GNBD with Global File System

Using GNBD with Global File System: Configuration and
Administration

Copyright © 2008 Red Hat, Inc.

Copyright © 2008 Red Hat, Inc. This material may only be distributed subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the
Open Publication License, V1.0 or later with the restrictions noted below (the latest version of the OPL is presently
available at http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/).

Distribution of substantively modified versions of this document is prohibited without the explicit permission of the
copyright holder.

Distribution of the work or derivative of the work in any standard (paper) book form for commercial purposes is
prohibited unless prior permission is obtained from the copyright holder.

Red Hat and the Red Hat "Shadow Man" logo are registered trademarks of Red Hat, Inc. in the United States and other
countries.

All other trademarks referenced herein are the property of their respective owners.
The GPG fingerprint of the [e-mail] key is:
CA 20 86 86 2B D6 9D FC 65 F6 EC C4 21 91 80 CD DB 42 A6 0E

1801 Varsity Drive
Raleigh, NC 27606-2072
USA
Phone: [phone]
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
PO Box 13588
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
USA

Using GNBD with Global File System

Introduction .............................................................................................................. vii

1. About This Guide .......................................................................................... vii

2. Audience ...................................................................................................... vii

3. Software Versions ......................................................................................... vii

4. Related Documentation ................................................................................. vii

5. Document Conventions ................................................................................ viii

6. Feedback .......................................................................................................x

1. Using GNBD with Red Hat GFS .............................................................................. 1

2. Considerations for Using GNBD with Device-Mapper Multipath ................................. 3

1. Linux Page Caching ....................................................................................... 3

2. Fencing GNBD Server Nodes ......................................................................... 3

3. GNBD Driver and Command Usage ........................................................................ 5

1. Exporting a GNBD from a Server .................................................................... 5

2. Importing a GNBD on a Client ......................................................................... 8

4. Running GFS on a GNBD Server Node ................................................................... 9

Index .......................................................................................................................11

v

vi

Introduction

1. About This Guide

This book describes how to use Global Network Block Device (GNDB) with Global File System
(GFS), including information about device-mapper multipath, GNDB driver and command
usage, and running GFS on a GNBD server node.

2. Audience

This book is intended to be used by system administrators managing systems running the Linux
operating system. It requires familiarity with Red Hat Enterprise Linux and GFS file system
administration.

3. Software Versions

Software Description

RHEL4 refers to RHEL4 and higher

GFS refers to GFS 6.1 and higher

Table 1. Software Versions

4. Related Documentation

For more information about using Red Hat Enterprise Linux, refer to the following resources:

• Red Hat Enterprise Linux Installation Guide — Provides information regarding installation of
Red Hat Enterprise Linux.

• Red Hat Enterprise Linux Introduction to System Administration — Provides introductory
information for new Red Hat Enterprise Linux system administrators.

• Red Hat Enterprise Linux System Administration Guide — Provides more detailed information
about configuring Red Hat Enterprise Linux to suit your particular needs as a user.

• Red Hat Enterprise Linux Reference Guide — Provides detailed information suited for more
experienced users to reference when needed, as opposed to step-by-step instructions.

• Red Hat Enterprise Linux Security Guide — Details the planning and the tools involved in
creating a secured computing environment for the data center, workplace, and home.

For more information about Red Hat Cluster Suite for Red Hat Enterprise Linux, refer to the
following resources:

vii

• Red Hat Cluster Suite Overview — Provides a high level overview of the Red Hat Cluster
Suite.

• Configuring and Managing a Red Hat Cluster — Provides information about installing,
configuring and managing Red Hat Cluster components.

• Global File System: Configuration and Administration — Provides information about installing,
configuring, and maintaining Red Hat GFS (Red Hat Global File System).

• LVM Administrator's Guide: Configuration and Administration — Provides a description of the
Logical Volume Manager (LVM), including information on running LVM in a clustered
environment.

• Using Device-Mapper Multipath — Provides information about using the Device-Mapper
Multipath feature of Red Hat Enterprise Linux.

• Linux Virtual Server Administration — Provides information on configuring high-performance
systems and services with the Linux Virtual Server (LVS).

• Red Hat Cluster Suite Release Notes — Provides information about the current release of
Red Hat Cluster Suite.

Red Hat Cluster Suite documentation and other Red Hat documents are available in HTML and
PDF versions online at the following location:

http://www.redhat.com/docs

5. Document Conventions

Certain words in this manual are represented in different fonts, styles, and weights. This
highlighting indicates that the word is part of a specific category. The categories include the
following:

Courier font

Courier font represents commands, file names and paths, and prompts .
When shown as below, it indicates computer output:

Desktop about.html logs paulwesterberg.png
Mail backupfiles mail reports

bold Courier font

Bold Courier font represents text that you are to type, such as: service jonas start
If you have to run a command as root, the root prompt (#) precedes the command:

Introduction

viii

# gconftool-2

italic Courier font

Italic Courier font represents a variable, such as an installation directory:

install_dir/bin/

bold font

Bold font represents application programs and text found on a graphical interface.
When shown like this: OK , it indicates a button on a graphical application interface.

Additionally, the manual uses different strategies to draw your attention to pieces of information.
In order of how critical the information is to you, these items are marked as follows:

Note

A note is typically information that you need to understand the behavior of the
system.

Tip

A tip is typically an alternative way of performing a task.

Important

Important information is necessary, but possibly unexpected, such as a
configuration change that will not persist after a reboot.

Caution

A caution indicates an act that would violate your support agreement, such as
recompiling the kernel.

Document Conventions

ix

Warning

A warning indicates potential data loss, as may happen when tuning hardware
for maximum performance.

6. Feedback

If you spot a typo, or if you have thought of a way to make this manual better, we would love to
hear from you. Please submit a report in Bugzilla (http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla/) against
the component rh-cs.

Be sure to mention the manual's identifier:

rh-gfs(EN)-4.7 (2008-07-24T15:10)

By mentioning this manual's identifier, we know exactly which version of the guide you have.
If you have a suggestion for improving the documentation, try to be as specific as possible. If

you have found an error, please include the section number and some of the surrounding text
so we can find it easily.

Introduction

x

Using GNBD with Red Hat GFS

GNBD (Global Network Block Device) provides block-level storage access over an Ethernet
LAN. GNBD components run as a client in a GFS node and as a server in a GNBD server node.
A GNBD server node exports block-level storage from its local storage (either directly attached
storage or SAN storage) to a GFS node.

Table 1.1, “GNBD Software Subsystem Components” summarizes the GNBD software

subsystems components.

Software Subsystem Components Description

GNBD gnbd.ko Kernel module that implements the

GNBD device driver on clients.

gnbd_export Command to create, export and manage

GNBDs on a GNBD server.

gnbd_import Command to import and manage GNBDs

on a GNBD client.

gnbd_serv A server daemon that allows a node to

export local storage over the network.

Table 1.1. GNBD Software Subsystem Components

You can configure GNBD servers to work with device-mapper multipath. GNBD with
device-mapper multipath allows you to configure multiple GNBD server nodes to provide
redundant paths to the storage devices. The GNBD servers, in turn, present multiple storage
paths to GFS nodes via redundant GNBDs. When using GNBD with device-mapper multipath, if
a GNBD server node becomes unavailable, another GNBD server node can provide GFS nodes
with access to storage devices.

This document how to use GNBD with Red Hat GFS and consists of the following chapters:

• Chapter 2, Considerations for Using GNBD with Device-Mapper Multipath

• Chapter 3, GNBD Driver and Command Usage

• Chapter 4, Running GFS on a GNBD Server Node

Chapter 1.

1

2

Considerations for Using GNBD with
Device-Mapper Multipath

GNBD with device-mapper multipath allows you to configure multiple GNBD server nodes
(nodes that export GNBDs to GFS nodes) to provide redundant paths to the storage devices.
The GNBD server nodes, in turn, present multiple storage paths to GFS nodes via redundant
GNBDs. When using GNBD with device-mapper multipath, if a GNBD server node becomes
unavailable, another GNBD server node can provide GFS nodes with access to storage
devices.

If you are using GNBD with device-mapper multipath, you need to take the following into
consideration:

• Linux page caching, as desribed in Section 1, “Linux Page Caching”.

• Fencing GNBD server nodes, as described in Section 2, “Fencing GNBD Server Nodes”.

• GNBD device names; export names for GNBD devices must be unique. Additionally, you
must specify the -u or -U when using the gnbd_export command. Exporting GNBD devices
is described in Chapter 3, GNBD Driver and Command Usage.

1. Linux Page Caching

For GNBD with device-mapper multipath, do not specify Linux page caching (the -c option of
the gnbd_export command). All GNBDs that are part of a logical volume must run with caching

disabled. Data corruption occurs if the GNBDs are run with caching enabled. Refer to Section 1,

“Exporting a GNBD from a Server” for more information about using the gnbd_export command

for GNBD with device-mapper multipath.

2. Fencing GNBD Server Nodes

GNBD server nodes must be fenced using a fencing method that physically removes the nodes
from the network. To physically remove a GNBD server node, you can use any fencing device:
except the following: fence_brocade fence agent, fence_vixel fence agent, fence_mcdata
fence agent, fence_sanbox2 fence agent, fence_scsi fence agent. In addition, you cannot use
the GNBD fencing device (fence_gnbd fence agent) to fence a GNBD server node. For
information about configuring fencing for GNBD server nodes, refer to the Global File System
manual.

Chapter 2.

3

4

GNBD Driver and Command Usage

The Global Network Block Device (GNBD) driver allows a node to export its local storage as a
GNBD over a network so that other nodes on the network can share the storage. Client nodes
importing the GNBD use it like any other block device. Importing a GNBD on multiple clients
forms a shared storage configuration through which GFS can be used.

The GNBD driver is implemented through the following components.

• gnbd_serv — Implements the GNBD server. It is a user-space daemon that allows a node to
export local storage over a network.

• gnbd.ko — Implements the GNBD device driver on GNBD clients (nodes using GNBD
devices).

Two user commands are available to configure GNBD:

• gnbd_export (for servers) — User program for creating, exporting, and managing GNBDs on
a GNBD server.

•

gnbd_import (for clients) — User program for importing and managing GNBDs on a GNBD

client.

1. Exporting a GNBD from a Server

The gnbd_serv daemon must be running on a node before it can export storage as a GNBD.
You can start the gnbd_serv daemon running gnbd_serv as follows:

#gnbd_serv
gnbd_serv: startup succeeded

Once local storage has been identified to be exported, the gnbd_export command is used to
export it.

Warning

When you configure GNBD servers with device-mapper multipath, you must not
use page caching. All GNBDs that are part of a logical volume must run with
caching disabled. By default, the gnbd_export command exports with caching
turned off.

Chapter 3.

5

Note

A server should not import the GNBDs to use them as a client would. If a server
exports the devices uncached, the underlying devices may also be used by gfs.

Usage

gnbd_export -dpathname-egnbdname [-c][-u][-U

pathname

Specifies a storage device to export.

gnbdname

Specifies an arbitrary name selected for the GNBD. It is used as the device name on GNBD
clients. This name must be unique among all GNBDs exported in a network.

-o

Export the device as read-only.

-c

Enable caching. Reads from the exported GNBD and takes advantage of the Linux page
cache.

By default, the gnbd_export command does not enable caching.

Warning

When you configure GNBD servers with device-mapper multipath, do not specify
the -c option, as this lead sto data corruption. All GNBDs that are part of a
logical volume must run with caching disabled.

Note

If you have been using GFS 5.2 or earlier and do not want to change your GNBD
setup you should specify the -c option. Before GFS Release 5.2.1, Linux
caching was enabled by default for gnbd_export. If the -c option is not
specified, GNBD runs with a noticeable performance decrease. Also, if the -c
option is not specified, the exported GNBD runs in timeout mode, using the
default timeout value (the -t option). For more information about the

gnbd_export command and its options, refer to the gnbd_export man page.

Chapter 3. GNBD Driver and Command Usage

6

-uuid

Manually sets the Universal Identifier for an exported device. This option is used with -e.
The UID is used by device-mapper multipath to determine which devices belong in a
multipath map. A device must have a UID to be multipathed. However, for most SCSI
devices the default Get UID command, /usr/sbin/gnbd_get_uid, will return an
appropriate value.

Note

The UID refers to the device being exported, not the GNBD itself. The UIDs of
two GNBD devices should be equal, only if they are exporting the same
underlying device. This means that both GNBD servers are connected to the
same physical device.

Warning

This option should only be used for exporting shared storage devices, when the

-Ucommand option does not work. This should almost never happen for SCSI

devices. If two GNBD devices are not exporting the same underlying device, but
are given the same UID, data corruption will occur.

-UCommand

Gets the UID command. The UID command is a command the gnbd_export command will
run to get a Universal Identifier for the exported device. The UID is necessary to use
device-mapper multipath with GNBD. The command must use the full path of any
executeable that you wish to run. A command can contain the %M, %m or %n escape
sequences. %M will be expanded to the major number of the exported device, %m will be
expaned to the minor number of the exported device, and %n will be expanded to the sysfs
name for the device. If no command is given, GNBD will use the default command

/usr/sbin/gnbd_get_uid. This command will work for most SCSI devices.

Examples

This example is for a GNBD server configured with GNBD multipath. It exports device

/dev/sdc2 as GNBD gamma. Cache is disabled by default.

gnbd_export -d /dev/sdc2 -e gamma -U

This example is for a GNBD server not configured with GNBD multipath. It exports device

/dev/sdb2 as GNBD delta with cache enabled.

Examples

7

gnbd_export -d /dev/sdb1 -e delta -c

This example exports device /dev/sdb2 as GNBD delta with cache enabled.

gnbd_export -d /dev/sdb2 -e delta -c

2. Importing a GNBD on a Client

The gnbd.ko kernel module must be loaded on a node before it can import GNBDs. When
GNBDs are imported, device nodes are created for them in /dev/gnbd/ with the name
assigned when they were exported.

Usage

gnbd_import -iServer

Server

Specifies a GNBD server by hostname or IP address from which to import GNBDs. All
GNBDs exported from the server are imported on the client running this command.

Example

This example imports all GNBDs from the server named nodeA.

gnbd_import -i nodeA

Chapter 3. GNBD Driver and Command Usage

8

Running GFS on a GNBD Server
Node

You can run GFS on a GNBD server node, with some restrictions. In addition, running GFS on a
GNBD server node reduces performance. The following restrictions apply when running GFS on
a GNBD server node.

Important

When running GFS on a GNBD server node you must follow the restrictions
listed; otherwise, the GNBD server node will fail.

1. A GNBD server node must have local access to all storage devices needed to mount a GFS

file system. The GNBD server node must not import (gnbd_import command) other GNBD
devices to run the file system.

2. The GNBD server must export all the GNBDs in uncached mode, and it must export the raw

devices, not logical volume devices.

3. GFS must be run on top of a logical volume device, not raw devices.

Note

You may need to increase the timeout period on the exported GNBDs to
accommodate reduced performance. The need to increase the timeout period
depends on the quality of the hardware.

Chapter 4.

9

10

Index

D

device-mapper multipath, 3

fencing GNBD server nodes, 3
Linux page caching, 3

driver and command usage, 5

exporting from a server, 5
importing on a client, 8

E

exporting from a server daemon, 5

F

feedback, x, x
fencing GNBD server nodes, 3

G

GFS, using on a GNBD server node, 9
GNBD, using with Red Hat GFS, 1
gnbd.ko module, 5, 8
gnbd_export command , 5, 6
gnbd_import command , 5, 8
gnbd_serv daemon, 5, 5

I

importing on a client module, 8

L

Linux page caching, 3

S

software subsystem components, 1

11

12