Raymarine GPS navigation User Manual

Distributed by

Any reference to Raytheon or

RTN in this manual should be

interpreted as Raymarine.

The names Raytheon and RTN

are owned by the

Raytheon Company.

NAV398GPS/IL>RAI\l

GPSlLORAN

OPERATION

MANUAL

i

Table of Contents

SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION

Page

1 .O General

1.1 About This Manual

SECTION 2 INSTALLATION

2.0 General

2.1 Unpacking and Inspection

2.1.1 Equipment Supplied

2.2 Display Installation

2.2.1 Choosing a Location

2.2.2 Mounting the NAV Unit

2.2.3 Flush Mounting

2.3 Electrical Connections

2.3.1 Power Input

2.3.2 Sensor Connections

2.3.3 Interface to External Navaids

2.3.4 Ground Connection

SECTION 3 OPERATION

l-l
l-l

2-l
2-l
2-l

2-2
2-2
2-3
2-3

2-4
2-5
2-5
2-6
2-7

3.1 General

3.2 The Keyboard

3.3 Basic Operations

3.3.1 Turning the Unit ON/OFF

3.3.2 Contrast/Backlighting Level

3.3.3 Auto Start-up

3.3.4 Selecting Loran/GPS Mode

3.4 Initializing Sensors

3.4.1 Estimated Latitude

3.4.2 Estimated Longitude

3.4.3’The

Status Page

3-1
3-1
3-3
3-3
3-3
3-3
3-4

3-5
3-6
3-6
3-7

3.5 Main Display Modes

_ _ . . -. .

3.5.1 Position Display Mode

3.5.2 Customizing Display Modes

3.5.3 Navigation Display Mode

3.5.4

CD1

Display Mode

3.5.5 Plot Display Mode

3.5.6 Simulator Mode

3.5.7 Display Mode Operations

3.5.7.1 Saving Events

3.5.7.2 GOT0 Destinations

3-8

3-8
3-11
3-l 1
3-12
3-13
3-16
3-16
3-16
3-17

3.6 Entering Waypoints

3.6.1 General Waypoint Information

3.6.2

Waypoint

Directory

3.6.3 Naming Waypoints

3.6.4..Storing

Waypoints

3.6.4.1 Entry by L/L

3.6.4.2 Entry by TDs

3.6.4.3 Entry by Bearing/Distance

3.6.5 Waypoint List Operations

3.6.5.1 Selecting Waypoints

3.6.5.2 Editing Waypoints

3.6.5.3 SF Operations

3.7 Setting Alarms

3.7.1

Arrival Alarm

3.7.2 Anchor Alarm

3.7.3 Off-Course Alarm

3.8 Man-Overboard Mode

3-19
3-19
3-19
3-21

3-22
3-22
3-23
3-24

3-24
3-25
3-25
3-25

3-27
3-27
3-28
3-29

3-29

3.9 Route Plans

3.9.1 Make a Route

3.9.2 Following Route Plans

3.9.3 Editing Route Plans

3.9.4 Erasing Route Plans

3.10 The Menu Key

3.10.1 Main Menu Directory

3.10.2 Signal Status Pages

-- -. .

.- . .

- .-_ . . . - .

_ __. __ _ _*.--_ -.

3-30
3-31
3-32
3-33
3-34

3-35
3-35
3-36

..,.

.-.--.---

SECTION 1

INTRODUCTION

1 .O General

Congratulations on selecting Raytheons’
gation aboard your vessel. We are sure you will enjoy using this ultra modern,
full function, and compact navigation system. The NAV 398, with its’ large
STN LCD display, excellant graphics, on-sceen prompts, and oversized soft
silicon keys, provide simple operations to guide you through the various
navigation functions. From the moment you turn on the

be surprised at how easy it can be to use this Loran-C or GPS Navigator.

The

NAV 398

the Raynav 508 or 508A Loran-C sensors, or with the Raystar 108 8-Channel
GPS sensor, or with both sensors together. One key press gives you quick
access to either navigation system.

is a feature-packed Navigator that operates with inputs from

NAV 398

for Loran-C/GPS navi-

NAV 398, you

will

The

NAV

unit includes storage for up to 500 waypoints and 10 route plans

in the NAV unit’s internal memories.
position as a waypoint instantly with a single key press.
Overboard) key not only stores an instant position with one key press, but
activates a special display to steer you back to the MOB location. A special
Dynamic
the route; even showing turns in the route and waypoints along the way.

CD1

display provides a 3-D effect for steering to destinations in

The[m[

1.1 About This Manual

to provide you with the most

important information for ob­taining the best operation and
performance from your NAV
unit. Please take the necessary
time to read the various sec­tions.

key stores your present

The[E[(Man-

The purpose of this manual is

INTRODUCTION l-l

In the event that you are using a Loran-C Navigator for the first time, please

refer to the Raynav 508/508~ Loran-C Sensor instruction manual for basic

loran information. The Introduction section of the 508 manual includes a

listing of common Loran C Terminology used with loran.

If your

NAV398

is using the

RAYSTAR 108

GPS Sensor, the Raystar 108

instruction manual includes a general description of the GPS system which

may also be helpful. The

Raystar

108 GPS sensor is compatible with
Raytheon’s Differential Beacon Receiver. If you have added the DGPS
Receiver to your system, a simple explanation of the US Coast Guard’s
DGPS system is included in that manual for your reference.

Section 2 of this manual contains important information concerning the

installation of your new NAV unit. Although the typical installation might
seem straightforward and simple, we highly recommend that this section be
read completely and the guidelines for installation be closely followed to
assure a more trouble free and efficient operation of your new unit.

Section

thoroughly familiar with the unit’s controls and display formats. The

398

3

covers the Operations of the

NAV 398

and is intended to get you

NAV

uses many on-screen prompts to help guide you through operations and

logical key operations, which should be easy to remember.

The best way to learn about your

NAV 398

is to dive right in. You can’t

damage the unit by randomly pressing the keys, so don’t be afraid to

experiment. If at any time the results appear confusing, just press the

pl

key and start again.

Section 4 contains technical information concerning some basic care and

maintenance for your unit. In the event that the unit should ever require
repairs, it is recommended that these services be provided by an Authorized
Raytheon repair facility or by the Raytheon Factory Service Center.

Before proceeding to install this unit, please take a few moments to fill out
the warranty registration card located behind the front cover of this manual.
You must return this card to Raytheon Marine Company to assure the
registration of the warranty for your

NAV

unit. The postage is prepaid if the

card is mailed within the USA.

INTRODUCTION

1-2

SECTION2

INSTALLATION

2.0

General

Although your NAV 398 is designed to the highest levels of quality and
performance, it can best attain those standards only when it has been properly
installed. This section provides the user with practical guidelines to assist in
the planning and the installation of the

2.1 Unpacking and Inspection

Use care when unpacking the unit from its shipping carton to prevent
damage to the contents. It is also good practice to save the carton and interior
packing material until the unit has been installed on the vessel. The original
packing material should be used in the unlikely event that it is necessary to
return the unit to the factory.

NAV 398

aboard your vessel.

2.1.1 Equipment Supplied

The table below lists items that are included with your

is missing, contact your Raytheon dealer for assistance.

Item

1
2
3
4 Spare Fuse MF60NR-2A

5

6
7

Description Part Number Quantity

NAV 398

Power Cable CQC-4737

Instr. Manual G263746-5

Yoke Bracket MTD005707
Yoke Knobs MPTG30012
Hardware Kit

Display

G263746- 1

NAV

398.

1

1

1

2

1

2

1

If an item

INSTALLATION 2-l

2.2 Display Installation

2.2.1 Choosing a Location

When choosing the location to mount the

the following criteria for the site:

l

The best location to provide ease of operation and viewing of the unit.

l

The best location to provide protection from the elements of the
environment. Even though the
USCG waterproofing specifications, common sense dictates that it
should be mounted, whenever possible, so that it is not exposed to the
direct effects of salt spray or the hot sun.

l

The best location with the most separation from sources of interference.

NAV

NAV

Display unit, please consider

398

is designed to meet the toughest

lIIizl

The unit can be mounted to a chart tabletop, suspended from the overhead,

or attached to a bulkhead using the yoke bracket supplied.

TABLE TOP

NAV396GPSLORAN

6 6

BULKHEAD OVERHEAD

INSTALLATION 2-2

_

-

. . ..-w... ~ . -

-__ _ _ .__ _.

..-: -_*..-. ,v ” -1..-

2.2.2 Mounting the NAV Unit

8.07”?

Use the following steps for yoke mounting of the

NAV

Unit:

1.

Loosen the yoke knobs on each side of the

unit. and remove the mounting yoke bracket.

2. Position the bracket to the mounting surface
and mark the holes for the mounting screws.

3. Mount the bracket with the screws supplied.

4. Slide the unit back into the yoke and secure
in the desired viewing position by

tightening the yoke knobs. IN THE YOKE BRACKET

4 HOLES .25”

I,

2.2.3 Flush Mounting

The display can also be flush mounted in a console using the Optional Flush
Mount Kit (M95990) or the Trim Ring Kit (M95995) to give a more finished
look to your installation.

&

FLUSH MOUNT KIT

CONSOLE

M95995

MOUNTINQ

,+=+A -__.-.

d-

TRIM RING

1. Select the desired flush mounting location. A clear, flat area of at least

9” wide by 5” high having at least 5” of clear depth behind the panel is

INSTALLATION 23

required. When using the Trim Ring Kit, add

3/4”

to the width and height

clearance dimensions.

CAUTION

Make sure there are no hidden electrical wires or other items behind the
desired location before proceeding. Check to see that free access for mount­ing and cabling is available.

2.Using the dimensions for the cutout hole shown,

draw the pattern for the cutout hole on the console.

3. Drill two l/2” pilot holes inside the cutout guide

area at diagonal corners.

4. Using an appropriate saw, cut along the outside

of the cutout line.

5. Remove the yoke knobs and the yoke and the rubber spacers from the

cabinet. If using the Flush Mount Kit verify that the unit fits correctly into
the cutout. If using the Trim Ring Kit, attach the Trim Ring, then test fit into
the cutout. It may be necessary to notch out some clearance in the cutout to
pass the trim ring hardware through the panel.

7. Complete the installation of the DC power cable, data output, and sensor
wiring into the console as per section 2.4 of this chapter. Be sure to allow
some slack in the cables for service to the equipment when necessary.

8. Connect all cables to the unit rear panel.

9. Insert the NAV unit into the panel. Use a flat washer, locking washer,

and nut on each stud and secure to the console. In some cases you may prefer

to apply a light coat of RTV sealant around the cutout to seal the console.

2.3 Electrical Connections

The standard connections which are

normally made to enable the

NAV 398

to operate are the ship’s DC power, to
either a Raynav 508 or 508A Loran-C
sensor or to a Raystar 108 GPS sensor

LO

or both. The NAV unit can also supply
NMEA data to other equipments. The
next sections discuss how to make NMEAj!EATALK

these connections.

INSTALLATION 2-4

_ ._ ,. __ . - . -.

_.j___- _..,.-

.-j --,-

2.3.1 Power Input

The NAV

398

is intended for use on vessels with 12 VDC power systems
and can operate as long as the DC supply is maintained between 10 and 16
volts. The DC power system can be “negative” ground or have both positive
and negative supply lines “floating” above ground. The

itiv,a”

intended for use on11pas

pround ve&

NAV 398 is

not

A 6 foot cable assembly containing wiring for the DC power and Data
Output is supplied with your display unit and in many cases will be adequate
to reach near the source of the 12 VDC power.

For best noise immunity
from other shipboard elec­tronics, if possible, avoid
grouping the power connec-

tions on the same circuit
breaker with radar, radio, or
echo sounder power leads.
The NAV unit’s wiring

FUSE RED

BROWN

DATA IN

DATA OUT+

DATA OUT-

-12VDC

+WD

DATA IN

+

C

-

should be kept separate as
much as possible from other

Power Cable Wiring Diagram

devices.

Although the

NAV

unit’s power consumption is typically less than 5 watts,
if the power leads need to be extended more than 10 feet, the wire size of the
leads should be increased accordingly to minimize line losses. For cable runs
of 20 - 35 feet #12 AWG wire is recommended.

1

OBSERVE PROPER POLARITY!

The

RED

wire should be connected to

the POSITIVE (+)

the BLACK wire should be connected to the NEGATIVE

1

sauce

terminal;

(-)

source

terminal If the power leads are accidentally reversed, the in-line fuse will
blow. If this happens, recheck the polarity of the connections with a voltmeter
(VOM) and, if necessary, reverse the leads for proper connection. Replace

the fuse.

2.3.2 Sensor Connections

The sensor units used with the NAV 398 normally obtain their

12VDC

operating power input from the NAV unit and, when the NAV unit has been
turned ON, the sensors can then proceed to locate and track signals and

INSTALLATION 2-5

provide ship’s L/L position data on their own
without other input requirements.

In a typical installation, the

connector is plugged directly into

“GPS”

on the rear of the cabinet.

6-pin

GPS sensor

the jack labeled

The 5

Pin plug
of the Loran-C sensor is connected to the jack
labeled “LORAN”.

If you are using the

Raystar

108 GPS sensor

together with the DGPS Beacon Receiver, the

‘SZ

“Y”

zz

cable lead marked “Display” plugs into the GPS

jack.

2.3.3 Interface to External Navaids

The Power cable assembly (shown in the figure) includes two wires which

can provide an output of NMEA 0183 formatted data or

SeaT&data

for
other navigational equipment such as radars, auto-pilots, video sounders, and
plotters. Since the NAV unit outputs one data or the other, the same
connections are used for either NMEA or

SeaTalk

data. The wires are

marked and colored as follows:

YELLOW = DATA+
GREEN

= DATA

-

The NAV 398 may supply NMEA 0183 data for up to three external
equipments. Navaid devices connected to this output can receive the follow­ing NMEA 0 183 sentences:

If LORAN Sensor is in use:

GLL, GTD, RMA, RMB, VTG,

APA,

APB, BWC.

If GPS Sensor is in use:

When

SeaTalk

GLL, RMC, RMB, VTG,

data is used, the NAV unit provides: magnetic variation,

APA,

APB, HSC, BWC.

COG, Cross-Track error, Lat./Long, GPS status data (including HDOP, fix
status), SOG,

waypoint

#, bearing, and distance, Arrival alarm, and MOB

signals to the SeaTalk bus.

External navigation equipment requiring NMEA 0183 data inputs nor-

mally obtain their required data via connection to the

NAV

398

data output (
yellow & green ) wires. However, some users may wish to operate the GPS
(or Loran) sensor unit directly with other navigational equipment capable of

INSTALLATION 2-6

.

.

_

_ .

_ _ - . .

_

~

,

___._... _./

,I ---I-”

7.”

accepting position data in the NMEA format. Please refer to the Raystar 108
or Raynav 508/508A instruction manuals for details on making this type of
interconnection.

Data Input

One feature of the NAV398 is to transfer the

waypoint

and route memory

contents of the internal memory to external computer files and to re-load the

memory from the computer.

Downloading of files occurs through the Data Output connections (Green
and Yellow wires). To Upload files into the NAV unit the Data Input wires
of the power cable assembly should be used. Make connections as follows:

DATAIN + = WHITE

DATA IN -= BROWN

The data Input must be in the NMEA 0 183 format using the WPL and RTE

sentences.

2.3.4 Ground Connection

One important need in any installation is to obtain the cleanest, noise-free
signals possible, for measuring and calculating your position. Part of this
requirement can be met by assuring a proper connection from your NAV unit
to the ship’s ground system. The ground system provides both a completion
of the signal path for the sensor and a drain for noise sources.

There are two separate wires labeled “GROUND” in the cable assembly.
Both the WHITE and BROWN wires should be connected to the nearest
connection point of the ship’s

Rl?

ground system.

Normally, on a steel hull boat, a good clean connection to the ship’s hull
makes a sufficient ground. On Fiberglas or wood hull vessels, connection to
a ground plate or to the engine block or other bonded groundwork should
provide acceptable grounding.

INSTALLATION 2-7

N

34v4.

w

118" 35.236'

N

w

118"

714'

34O14.714'

35.236'

123'm 093'm

I

DTG

11.7nm 10.9kt

3

Sffi

NAV 1

! \

-

I

-

b-l

l ’

0

N

34Ol4.714'

w

118"

35.236'

)

POS

2

N

35%.

w115v5.223

452 ,

MAIN DISPLAY MODES - NAV 398

INSTALLATION 2-8

.

_.

_

.

..._._,_ ,. -. _I

.

..“. ~. a- -.w.--

SECTION3

OPERATION

3.1 General

This chapter provides instructions for the operation of your new NAV 398

LCD NAVigator unit.

We think you will find the operation of the NAV 398 to be easy and
straightforward. The approach to take in becoming familiar with it’s opera­tion is one of relaxed confidence. The unit is quite “user friendly” and relies
on screen prompting to guide you through the operations and set-up menus.

As you progress through the operating section, take time to practice each
function of your NAV398. Study the illustrations and repeat operations, if
necessary, until you have become comfortable and confident. Time spent in
becoming familiar with the unit will strengthen your knowledge, confidence,

and skill in using this full-featured NAVigator where it counts....afloat.

Thank you for selecting one of
Raytheon’s fine NAVigation products.
Great care and effort has been put into
providing you with a useful, attractive
design. We are sure it will provide
many years of valuable
data and trouble free operation.

3.2

The Keyboard

The

NAV

398 is designed for simple
operation, but if you should ever become confused over which display you
are on or, if you get lost while performing various operations or entries,usu-
ally pressing the
or the familiar Main menu.

One other item to remember about the keyboard is that a “valid” or correct
key press is confirmed by a single audio “beep” tone, while if an invalid or
wrong key is pressed, a series of multiple “beeps” will be heard. If this
happens, just check the screen again and pick the proper key operation.

-1

will always return you to the Position display

NAVigation

key

_

OPERATION 3-1

The keyboard consists of 15 silicon rubber keys. Some of the keys carry
dual labels such
main operations of the
once vou have entered the main oueration. Notice that some keys such as

.

1-1

and/morJMENUJ

operation when depressed. When Menus are on screen,
and

thdE[

as(ormkeys

NAV

unit. The numeric operation of the key is used

and are normally used to enter the

I

have only one label and perform only one

th$%%&

IGoTo/7)

keys are softkeys used to activate selections on the menus.

KEY

rAkARMf9

PURPOSE

Turns power On/Off; activates ContrastILite menu .

Accepts data for entry;

Reverts to Main menu or POS display; resets numeric
values to 0; silences audio beeper.
Selects Position displays; selects digit 1.

Selects NAVigation displays; selectsdigit 2.

Selects a

Selects

waypoint

Waypoint

as a destination;selects digit 3.

entry function; selects digit 4.
Selects Route functions; selects digit 5.
Memorizes ship’s present position into designated

Waypoint memory; selects digit 6.

Selects destination waypoints; selects digit 7.

Selects Plot Mode display; selects digit 8.

1

Selects Alarm menu; selects digit 9.

Selects Loran C or GPS operations; selects digit 0.

Selects menu operations.

Selects Man-Overboard special alarm function.

OPERATION 3-2

. ___._*

--

_,_~.. ,-. _._-- .-

.-

. . _.

-c_. .- I
“---.-.

3.3

Basic Operations

Now that the NAV unit has been properly installed and the keypad layout
has been described, we should be ready to begin learning the basic operations
of the unit. So, let’s press the power key and get going!

3.3.1 Turning Unit On/ Off

To turn the unit ON, press

themlkey.

To turn the unit

OFF,

press the /pwRp<ey

andmqkeys

simultaneously.

The LCD screen will go blank and the unit will be OFF.

3.3.2 Contrast/Backlighting Level

The LCD display contrast level and the keypad

CONTRAST

illumination may be adjusted for dusk or night
use and viewing. While the unit is ON, just press

them1

The Backlighting menu is only temporary and

key to turn the backlighting menu On.

m

HI LO

LITE

will disappear when 7 seconds have elapsed
with no keys pressed.

PRESS CLEAR TO EXIT

3.3.2.1 Contrast Setting

When the

BackLight

menu appears, use

thelwpT/4[and[T

keys to

vary the contrast level of the LCD for best viewing. The level ranges from 0

to 15.

The/eikey

increases the contrast

level;llkey

decreases the

contrast level, as the arrows indicate.

3.3.2.2 Backlighting

Use

thelc/uolkey

to highlight HI, LOW, or OFF. The selection becomes

the active choice when it is backlighted in the menus.

+

11

+

I,

3.3.3 Auto Start-up

Each time the

operation has begun. While this screen is in view, the

NAV

398 is turned “ON”, the

NAV

398 ID screen indicates

NAV

398

is beginning

an internal self-test to verify that the Loran-C sensor, GPS sensor, or both (if

connected) are working, as well as testing its own internal memories.

The

NAV 398

characters on this screen show the

ID screen usually appears for about 3 seconds. The smaller

version of the operating software program
used inside the NAV unit. This version number is handy information to
remember should a problem develop within the unit.

OPERATION 3-3

I

l.“,T.. -se

NWV 9PB

MRSON

1

0

I

The ID screen is then followed by a second screen which advises that the

SELF TEST is in process, and a third screen prints the

The Signal Status screen provides a readout or the progress made by the
sensors in acquisition and tracking of the signals. Once full signal lock-on
has been achieved, the screen switches to the

Startup sequence is completed, and normal operation is underway.

3.3.4 Selecting Loran/GPS Mode

One key feature of the
depending on the type of sensor that is connected,
each system is attached. Normally, if only one sensor is used, the unit detects

the type of sensor and automatically puts the
mode during the Auto Start-up program. If both the RayNAV 508/A Loran-C
and

Raystar

operating and normally tracking signals and either system can provide your
position and NAVigation data instantly.

108 GPS sensors are connected,

II

II

L”

NAV

398

‘&WON

1.0

NOW TESTING

H

I I

NAV

3% is that the unit can be either a loran or GPS

NAV

ROM OK

RAM

-4

To SIONAL SYAYU.9 (IF NOT

To FMlYlON DlSFiAY IF TRACK,,,O.

anytime by pressing the

Position

unit into the correct system

.each

OK

SENSOR OK

1

lMCNlN0)

SELF TEST

display, the Auto

.or

both, if a sensor for

system will always be

results .

TheI-

between the two system sensors. The systems
can be changed anytime you are on the

tion, NAVigation, CDI, or PLOT modes.

When the GPS mode is selected, “GPS”

characters become illuminated along the bot­tom left edge of the LCD display and the
latitude/longitude position and ship’s course
and speed data is then GPS derived.

OPERATION 3-4

key is used to toggle the unit

PM-

. .

_;I ._.,..

. . .

- .c -

_._.,.. - .-.. A._-

.-. *

.-_ ___- ,__ _

-.*-.-T-T.--

If the Differential Beacon Receiver is connected and tracking the beacon
signal “DGPS” is indicated in the message window. The latitude/longitude
readouts will include the differential corrections for greater accuracy.

When the Loran-C mode is selected, the “LORAN” characters will be
illuminated along in the message window of the display and the L/L position
and ship’s course and speed data is then Loran-C derived.

When both GPS and Loran sensors are connected, the NAV unit always

selects the sensor that was “last used” when the power is turned ON. If its

the very first time the unit is used and both sensors are connected, the GPS
is always selected as the priority system.

3.4 Initializing Sensors

Although the

R~YNAV

508 Loran and Raystar 108 GPS sensors are capable
of finding the latitude/longitude position once they have been powered up,
at the very first power-up following installation or after a Master Reset, the

position finding process may take up to 30 minutes or more. This startup time
can be reduced to some degree by entering initialization information into the
sensor’s memory. The process for initializing each sensor appears in the
following paragraphs.

-

The very first time the NAV
unit is operated, or following
a Master reset of the unit, the
screen will prompt you to en­ter your “estimated latitude”
coordinate followed by entry

of the “estimated longitude”
coordinate., Once you’ve en­tered this information into the
sensors via the

NAV 398, the

sensors should be able to find

your location more rapidly.

The loran sensor only needs the initial L/L input and should typically lock-in

in 3 to 5 minutes. The GPS sensor also needs the initial L/L input and prefers
to have the Date and Time and Antenna height information as well for quick
acquisition and tracking.

OPERATION 3-5

The sensors always store the Lat/Lon position in memory. The next time
you use the NAV unit, the only thing you’ll have to do is just turn it “ON”.
In a few minutes your position will be displayed.

3.4.1 Estimated Latitude

With the "ESTIMATED POSITION" screen displayed, enter the latitude of
your position, using six digits. It is a good idea to enter your position to within

one degree of latitude. When the numbers are correct.

nress(.

ESTIMATED POSITION

I

­N

42’

95. QQ'

THENPRESSENTER

WQQQ' QQ.QQ'

1

PUS&

i

ESTIMATED POSITION

I

N 42’ Q5 QQ’

THEN PRESS ENTER

WQz1’ 14.5Q’

I

WJ’

ENTERING INITIAL POSITION

If you’re new to navigation terminology, please refer to the Globe figure

on the previous page for verifying that the coordinate to be entered is truly

your latitude.

Check to see that the direction symbol
of your latitude entry on the screen. If
to change the symbol to

Example:

Press 4,2,0,5,0,0,

“N”.

Press

I-J-[,

“N”

is correctly indicated to the left

“S”

is displayed, press thelN/Sbof?key

-1

when the direction is correct.

for N 42’ 05.00’

Ifvou

make a mistake in entering your estimated latitude, press

key and start the entry again. When the entry is correct, press
accept the entry.

3.4.2 Estimated Loneitude

When-1

entry, the message on the display screen will

changeto

enter your estimated longitude numeric value, this
time using seven digits-with an accuracy within

OPERATION 3-6

is iressed to

"ENTJZRYOLJRLONGITUDE~~.

finish

your latitude

Asbefore,

How to read a

r

W 071’ 25.10+~aom=

theI-

-ito

DEGREES

~MINIJTES

Lat/Long

one degree of longitude. For longitudes of less than 100 degrees, begin the
entry with

“0”.

After you press the

is correctly indicated to the left of your longitude entry.

press the

to change the symbol to

\r/wl

softkey

direction is correct,

Example: 0,7,1,1,4,5,0,

If you make any mistakes while entering your longitude, press

key and retype the entry. Then

mjey,

pres@CKJ.

mJ=lfor

check to see that the direction symbol “W”

If

“E”

is displayed,

fgW'T

or vice versa. If the

W 71’ 14.50’

the-1

press([to

complete the estimated

position entry.

When-1

is pressed to finish your longitude entry, the estimated

LAT/LON entry is complete and the display will return to the Auto Start-up

sequence at the Status page for sensor in use.

3.4.3 The Status Page

The STATUS screens show the condition of
the acquisition and tracking of signals for the
sensor in use.

In normal tracking operation for loran, the

SIGNALSTATUS LORAN

I

EST

+

flA@

1

GRI chain and secondary signals received are

ECD

indicated in the status box. The most important

information are the status numbers to the right
of the

SNR

characters. These numbers show the

PRESS CLEAR TO EXIT

#

progress of the acquisition program towards signal lock-on. When 8’s are
indicated for the Master and selected Secondaries, the loran is “Locked-on”

and tracking the loran signals. At that point the screen automatically will
switch to the Position screen and navigation is available.

I

In normal tracking operation for GPS, there

is only ONE important indicator indicating
that the GPS is “Locked-on” and tracking the

satellite signals. That indicator is when the
satellite ID number becomes a reversed
“Block” character. When four or more signals
are in this state, the screen will switch to the
Position screen and navigation is now avail­able.

PRESS CLEAR TO EXIT

OPERATION 3-7

More information on the Status and signal tracking screens appears later in

this chapter.

3.5 Main Display Modes

The NAV 398 has FOUR Main Display modes used most often during normal

navigation. They are the POS (Position), NAV (NAVigation),

CD1

Graphic ,
and PLOT Tracking display modes. These modes can be selected directly by
pressing:

[ml

for the POS mode displays

I=[

for the NAV screens

m[

for the

CD1

displays

)pLoT/FII for the Plot screens

3.5.1 The POSition Display Mode

There are FIVE different POS displays. The POS display is changed from

POSl to POS2, POS 3, etc. by pressing the

always shows the selected

age number in the lower right corner of

Im[key.

The POS screen

the screen. Each press of key toggles the displays.

The POS screens always show your vessel’s
present position coordinates in the large 7-seg-
ment readouts of either

Lat/Lon

or loran

TDs.

Each POS screen combines different navigation
information with the position coordinates. The
POS

Lat/Lon

display may look differently if

N 34O14.714'

w 118" 35.236'

you have selected the higher resolution readouts
for your

Lat/Lon

in the GPS Setup menu. The

NAV 398 can show GPS L/L to a resolution of

0.001 of a minute.

The POS 1 screen combines the most essential information together

on-

screen of your position in the large digits, bearing and distance to the
destination waypoint, and vessels’ course and speed over the ground.

The number and name of your

waypoint

des­tination is also displayed, as well as the selected
route plan number that is currently active. If no
destination

waypoint

is selected, the BRG and

DTG values will be blank, and “NO DESTINA-

TION

” appears in the

waypoint

data bar.

OPERATION 3-8

.

__. .__ .,

.

,.._

._

.--..-,-x-.

-

I

I

Along the bottom row, the sensor “in use” is indicated in the highlighted
block. If the Raynav 508 is used, “LORAN” appears in the block. If the

Raystar 108 is used, “GPS” appears together with the current GPS Fix mode

type. If the Differential Beacon Receiver is connected and a beacon is
received and differential corrections are included, “DGPS” will be indicated.

Whenever any alarm signals or warnings are activated, they will appear in

a “blinking block” to the right of the page ID indicator and accompanied by
the audible beeper.

POS 2

When

the//[key

is pressed,

the

POS 2 screen

appears.

Across the top line of this display a
(Course Deviation Indicator) appears. The
will only be active after waypoints have been
entered into the
been selected as the destination waypoint.

The

CD1

and a scale depicting your vessel’s deviation
from an intended track line to the destination.
On this
“angle” to show if the vessel is tending to close

to the track line, stay even with the line, or move
further OFF the line.

The
Setups menu to set the width of the
or OSnm from the track line. For example: When the scale is set to O.lnm,
the increments of the scale are

POS 3

If you press

screen appears.

CD1

CD1

range scale can be changed in the UNITS section of the System

NAV

unit memories, and one has

is made up of a “boat-like” symbol

screen, the ship symbol changes its

CD1

.025

or approximately 150 feet to each mark.

them1

key again, the POS 3

CD1

CD1

N

34O14.714'

w

118" 35.236'

lane between plus or minus 0.1,0.3,

The POS 3 display swaps the
digital version of the Cross Track error value

(XTE),

Time, and Trip Log distance. On this screen you

can see a sample of the alarm readout appearing
to the right of the page ID in the bottom row.

Time-to-go to

waypoint

CD1

scale for the

(TTG), local

OPERATION 3-9

POS 4

The POS 4 screen brings up the coordinates of
the destination
compare the numbers. TDs are shown here be­cause matching the TD coordinates is an ideal
way to return to a favorite wreck for fishing, TDs
are stored in the waypoint memories any time

you save a location as an Event or by direct entry
of TDs as a
when Lat/Lons are entered as waypoints.

Note also, that the sensor mode in use here is the Loran-C. The NAV 398,
when operating in the GPS mode can convert the GPS Lat/Lon readouts into

GPWLoran

useful to reference with their old loran coordinate logs.

The Loran GRI and the desired TD lines must be intitially entered in the
GPS Setup mode before this conversion page can work properly. However

having entered the required initial data, the conversion program can operate.

When TDs readouts are the result of calculations made from GPS derived

Lat/Lon data, the GPS signals are not subject to the same propagation errors

as loran signals and therefore will not match actual loran TD measurements
precisely. The TD readouts obtained from GPS are for relative comparison
only.

waypoint

waypoint

Time Differences

to the screen so you can

location. TDs are not saved

(TDs].

CAUTION

Some users may find this calculation

14096.2Irs

26160.4~s

POS 5

If you press
POS 5 screen appears and the readouts now
include displays of the course-made-good
(CMG), and velocity-towards-destination

(VTD). This readouts show the overall course

direction that you have made since starting
towards the current destination and your appar-
ant speed. The readouts are of particular inter­est to sailboaters.

OPERATION 3-10

thelpos/llkey

one more time, the

:

N 34O14.714'

w 118" 35.236'

.

-

.-

Anytime you switch from the Display modes to other functions and return

‘to the same mode, the last selected screen reappears. However, when the

power is turned OFF and then ON again, the last used POS screen is always
selected.

We’ve seen 5 different Position screens so far. There are also 4 Navigation

screens and 4

CD1

screens. Having so many screens of information available
sounds great, but there may be a few screens you will seldom use. The NAV
398 includes a means to customize the unit to enable only your favorite

screens. This is covered in the next section.

3.5.2 Customizing Display Modes

You can choose to show only your favorite

displays in any mode by pressing and holding the

particular mode key down for about 3 seconds.

When you hear the second beep, the mode

cus-

tom page will appear.

For example:

Press and hold the IM)s/il key down for the beep. The POS

POS CUSTOM PAGE

1

PO!31 0

2 POs2 0
3 POS3
4 POs4
5 POS5

PRESS

NUYEW

ON/OFF; ENTER TO EXIT

0
0

0

KEY FOR

custom page will appear.

Initially all the POS screens will be ON. This is indicated by the black dot

after the page name. To turn a page OFF, press the corresponding number
key. ( Press 2 to turn OFF page 2) The dot will now be hollow indicating the
page is OFF. The unit will permit you to turn OFF all displays in a mode,
except one. One display in every mode must be used.

Pres@i?E@vhen

the

menu is all set to return to the last used page of the mode.

You can always re-enter the Custom menu anytime and turn pages ON or

OFF. This is a convenient way for you to enable and quickly access the most
important pages without a lot of button pushing. Use
customize the NAV screen selections. Use

themikey

them1

for the

CD1

key to

screens.

3.5.3 NAVigation Display Mode

There are 4

labeled

bottom of the screens. Pressing

NAVigation

NAVl

NAV2, NAV 3, etc. along the

displays. They are

thej=Jkey

selects the NAV display mode and toggles

fromone

NAV screen to the next. The NAV

displays feature large digits of the vessels’
course and speed, bearing and range to

way-

points, and other navigation data.

OPERATION 3-11

z3Yn
IT.7

nm

iE3".

8.9 kt

Generally, the NAV screens are more useful once a

waypoint

has been

entered into the units’ memories . Once a waypoint destination is selected,

the

NAVY

display will feature large readouts of the destination Bearing

(BRG)and Distance-to-go

(DTG)

to the waypoint combined with the Course
and Speed readouts. . The readouts in the upper section of the display show
the XTE,TTG, local time, and trip log distance.

The

NAV

2

display includes the same

the top line as on the POS screens, if a

CD1

(Course Deviation Indicator) on

waypoint

has been selected as a

destination.

Press the
readouts of the
XTE OFF Course distance in 0.01

m

waypoint

key to select the

NAV3

display which features large

BRG and DTG again, but combined with the digital

run

units and steering direction indicator

plus the Time-to-go (TTG) readouts.

The NAV 4 screen combines the Course-made-good (CMG) and velocity-

to- destination (VTD) readouts with the COG and SPD readouts in the large
digits. The waypoint data is displayed in the upper boxes.

The flexibility of the

NAVdisplays

should be apparant now with so many

combinations of the important navigation data available. Use all of the
displays, or use the Custom menu for NAV to select only your favorite
screens for viewing.

3.5.4

CD1

Display Mode

If the NAV screens are more useful once a waypoint has been entered into

the units’ memories, the graphic

CD1

displays are totally dependent on

waypoint navigation.

The key element of this display mode is the active view of steering down
the track lane towards the destination waypoint. As the vessel moves along,
the boat symbol orients itself to the track line showing the displacement from

OPERATION 3-12

_.,__ -, _ ,.-

--

_*_ _ .._*.-.I

the line and whether the vessel is closing, parallel­ing, or opening away from the line. A bit of the
vessel track history appears behind the boat symbol.

Up ahead, the

waypoint

destination is in view. If
the destination is identified by a symbol or name,
the first character will be blinking near the target
area. Nearby

waypoint

symbols ( two closest to
vessel) may be in view on the screen if they are within range. If a route plan
is ON, the direction of the next leg is indicated by the slant of the track beyond
the destination symbol.

The various
adouts with the active
some reason a

CD1

screens combine navigation re-

CD1

waypoint

is not selected, the BRG and

DTG readouts will be blank,

-

graphic display. If for

WPT NO

DEST

appears
in the message window, and the destination target
symbol is not displayed.

3.5.5 Plot Display Mode

One of the most useful modes is the Tracking Plotter or Plot mode.

Using

this mode you can record and retrace your vessels’ track to your best fishing

spots...and back home again. The Tracking Plotter also displays the symbols

or first letters and marks of waypoints and events used to mark your favorite
fishing locations on the plot screen.There are two Plot displays. The Plot

Mode is activated by pressing the

IpLoT/

key.

The Plot 1 display appears as shown in the figure.
The location of your vessels’ position is indicated by
a blinking

“+“.

In addition, waypoints, event marks,
and the memorized vessel track line that is within the
range of the plot area will be shown, as well as your
current fishfinding information.

OPERATION 3-13

The PLOT 2 screen re-arranges the BRG and DTG

readouts and adds the vessels’ current position data to

the screen. The L/L readout can be turned OFF in the

PLOT DISPLAY

menu for better viewing.

Plot Scales

The Plot size or scaling can be changed to show the
navigation area of interest by pressing the
indicated by

thmorm{arrows.

Plot scales available for the plot screen

softkeys

are 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, or 200 NM. The selected Plot
scale range is shown in the upper right corner of the Plot display next to the

UP arrow, for reference.

Recording a Track Line

PLOT MENU

TRACK MENU

*

The Track Plotter normally draws tracking lines on

DISPIAY

the Plot screen as the vessel moves along. However,
these track lines are only “temporary” and are always
lost whenever changing plot scales, changing operating
modes, or upon turning the

NAVunit

OFF or ON...

PRESS CLEAR TO EWT

MENU +

SIMULATOR

ON

m

+

UNLESS you decide to record the track line to memory.

You can record and save a single important vessel track of your vessel’s
trip to keep in memory so when you return home you may retrace the same
route. Recording a track is easily done by pressing

thelm[

key while on

the Plot Display mode. The Plot menu appears.

Press

thevlsoftkey

to select the Track Menu.

The plotter can remember up to 300 track points, so
the recording interval selected will be important in
determining how quickly track memory will be used.
Use a shorter time interval if the vessel’s route has

TRACK INTEFWAL I

.5

1 3 5 10

MN

several turns or bends’ such as in rivers and waterways

Et-ME

TRACK

for saving track with more detail. Longer time record-

LINE

ing intervals can be used when the trip is going to be

generally a straight line for long distances. The best

PRESS

CLEAR

TO EXIT

recording interval for long trips is “by distance” trav­elled. The recording intervals. can be selected in units of Time or Distance:

TIME I

NTE

RVALS

:

30

seconds,

1,3,5,

and

10

minutes.

DISTANCE INTERVALS: 0.2 or 0.5 nautical miles.

OFF is normally selected when track recording is not required.

OPERATION 3-14

Press

rl

the [TRACK INTERVALlso&ey

until the desired memory interval is

highlighted by the block. Now track recording will be ON.

The

NAV

unit has Auto Start/Stop plotting built in.

So, if you should stop
along the way to fish, and forget to turn the track recording interval off, the
tracker should automatically stop plotting until you’re moving again.

All track points recorded will be “saved” in track memory until erased, or
unless overwritten by new track data. When track points are overwritten, the
newest track point
replaces

#2,

etc.

#301

will replace old track point #l, track point

#302

When you are finished recording the track, re-enter the TRACK menu and
select “OFF” with the TRACK INTERVAL

softkey

to turn the memory

recording interval to “OFF”.

Press

the//key

twice when you are ready to return to the previous

display mode to back out of the menus.

Erasing a Track Line

Since only one track line can be stored to memory at any time in the NAV
unit, it’s a good idea to erase the old track from memory before starting to
record a new track plot.

Just select TRACK menu from the PLOT menu by pressing

softkey. Press the[

ERASE TRACK LINElsof&ey

and then press

thei-j

the-1

key to actually confirm that you wanted to erase the track memory. When

ImJis

Press

pressed, all track data will be erased.

themjkey

when ready to return to the previous display mode

twice to back out of the menus.

Plot Display Menu

If the Plot screen becomes cluttered with the event and

waypoint symbols, the memorized track line, or the

Position readouts. The

PLOT

DISPLAY

menu provides

options to turn marks, track or data ON or OFF.

PLOT DlSFJlAY MENU

TRACKLINE

mm

MARKS

mm

LLITDDATA

mm

Track ON/OFF

Waypoints & Marks ON/ OFF

Position readout ON/ OFF

PRESS CLEAR TO EXIT

I

+

+

+

I

OPERATION 3-15

.----.-u-

-

Press lCLEAR[twice to return to the last selected display mode.

3.5.6 Simulator

The

NAV 398

Mode

includes a simulator mode which can

show simulated readouts on the various screens. There

I

PLOT MENU

TRACK MENU +

DlSPlAY

MENU

+

are dynamic simulated screens for both loran and GPS
and can be used to demonstate navigation to waypoints
and following route plans.

To turn the simulator ON, be in Plot mode and press

the

~SIMULATOR~ sofIkey

press

the/ SIMULATORlsof&ey

to ON. Conversely, to turn OFF the simulator,

a second time. When the simulator mode is

thelE\key

. Press

ON, “SIM” flashes on the various display screens.

3.5.7

Display Mode Operations

While you are on any of the POS, NAV, CDI, or PLOT display modes you

can perform the following operations:

l

Save an

Event....Press

thdm[

key.

The Event message will appear and show the
saved memory #.

l

GO

TO

a Destination...Press the

Enter the

then

press(ENTET\1.

waypoint #

using three digits and

wi

key.

3.5.7.1 Saving Events

You can save your present position for future use as a waypoint when you
are in any of display modes. The
the next available

Just press

theI-

waypoint

message prompt appears to permit you to

memory just like a normal waypoint.

key. A

EVENT

data will be stored sequentially into

select any other memory # location. If no keys are pressed in live seconds,

the message will show the Event memory number and then disappear.

If during the 5 second period you type in a different memory number and

press

thdmlkey,

the Event will be saved into the memory that you have
designated. If the memory number you typed was the same number as your
current destination, upon pressing
showing

"DEST PT"

flashing. If you typed the memory number by mistake

the(ENTERl[key

the screen alerts you by

and really don’t want to overwrite your destination point, just press the

-Ikey.

If you DO

want to update the current destination coordinates,

OPERATION 3-16

then go ahead and press thelENTER(key. The memory will be updated, and

the screen returns back to the last

POS,

NAV

, CDI,

or

PLOT

display.

One caution on saving Events. For maximum accuracy, it’s best to be sitting
next to the desired location and let the readouts settle down for a few seconds
before pressing

themjkey.

If you are flying by a buoy at high speed,
the readouts will be displaying a position lagging behind the boat a short
distance. The faster you are moving, the greater the lag error will be.

Each time you store an event, the coordinates can be remembered as either
a loran, GPS, or DGPS position. Since there will be absolute position
differences when using the different systems, the

NAV 398

memorizes the
type of position data (L, G, or DG) recorded for each event and shows the
indicator on the screens when the Event is used for a destination waypoint.

The indicators L, G, or DG appear immediately after the WPT characters on
the screen. In this way, the operator can use the matching systems to return
to Event locations more accurately.

It’s a very good idea to write the Event numbers and location descriptions

onto your paper waypoint log for future reference at the first opportunity.

3.5.7.2 GOT0 Destinations

After waypoints have been stored into the
be selected for use as direct destinations.
operator to quickly select a

waypoint

NAV

unit

memories, they can then

ThemGoTo/31

destination. The

key permits the

GOT0

mode works

this way:

Press

them]

Initially, when

“GOT0

WF’T

key.

the-1

-‘I

message appears in the destination

key is pressed, the

window area so you can input the desired destination
memory number. The message will show three

dashed lines until the first character is entered. Use
the numeric keys to type in the desired memory
number.

Example:

Type

1-1,6 1-1

for

waypoint

number 6.

When thelENTER(key is pressed, the desired waypoint becomes the desti­nation waypoint. If you are on the
the bargraph appearing on the top of the

NAV

or

CD1

screens, the display will change

NAV

screen and put the boat symbol

,/-_-

.-. _ -

OPERATION 3-17

.

on track in the center. The

is

ON

the track line.

XTE

value will be set to “0.00 nm” since the vessel

Ideally, the helmsman sets the vessel’s heading with his steering compass
or autopilot to the bearing shown for the
watching the
or the active graphic

CD1

scale at the top of the

CD1

screen.

waypoint

NAV

display, the

destination and begins

XTE

digital value,

The helmsman then provides steering correction to keep the boat symbol

on the track line or if watching the digital

XTE

values, keep the digital value
at or near O.OOnm. This should take the vessel in the most direct path to the
destination waypoint while correcting for wind and current offsets along the
way. A good check point of correct steering is that your COG readout

eventually reads the original bearing to the waypoint, even though your actual
compass heading may be somewhat different.

Sometimes when steering to destinations it may be necessary to change
heading to avoid obstacles or other vessels in your path. Having deviated off
of your intended track, in many cases it’s easier just to start a new track from
where you are, than to return to the old track-to-waypoint.

To start a new track, just press

of the same waypoint. Then press

recalculate bearings, distance and
waypoint. The vessel is now
the new bearing and distance to the destination is displayed. The
will be reset to “0.00 nm” since the vessel is

Sometimes you may prefer to turn

and

CD1

type 0,

area and

displays. To turn

-1

waypoint

"WPT NO

data will disappear from the

OFF

thelwlkey,

theF[key

TTG

for the new track to the old destination

ON

the origin of the new intended track line and

ON

OFF

the waypoint destination calculation

the

DEST"

GOT0

operation press

will appear on the displays in the message

followed by the numbers

and the NAV unit will

XTE

the new line.

the/-key

NMEA

0 183 data output.

value

and

If you have not yet stored any waypoints, you will hear multiple beeps when

thqm[key

is pressed. You will need to first save an Event or enter some

waypoint coordinates directly into the waypoint memories using one of the

methods discussed in section 3.6 of this chapter.

TheI-

key will also
give an error signal if you select an empty memory number by accident.

Waypoint coordinates must be stored in the memory before it can be selected

as a destination.

OPERATION 3-18

_ _

. . “_ . .

-.

3.6 Entering Waypoints

3.6.1 General

Waypoint

Information

One of the key operations of the NAV 398 is to guide you to planned or

pre-programmed

waypoint

destinations from your present position. Way-
points can be entered into your 398 unit by using one of the following four
methods:

l

Storing

au “Event”

(instantly saves ship’s present position as you pass

a buoy, enter a channel, or are sitting on top of a great fishing spot).

l

Direct entry of

Latitude/Longitude

coordinates taken from marine

charts or light list, etc.

l

Direct entry of

Time Difference (TD’s)

coordinates. These are usually

from a chart or a friend’s loran.

l

By using Range and Bearing from your present position.

The NAV 398 has 500 internal
position coordinates. These memories are numbered from
Whenever you decide to enter new

waypoint

information, the

waypoint

waypoint

memories for storing waypoint

#OOl

to 499.

waypoint

position data, or recall old

memory location number has to be
entered first. This is necessary so the NAV unit can place or retrieve the
information from the correct memory.

Since there are so many waypoint memories, it’s usually a good idea to
make a paper log of your stored waypoint data. The log should include the
Name of the waypoint, its Memory #, L/L and TD coordinates, the source of
the position data, and may be even the normal bearing and range from your
slip.

Some owners use certain numeric blocks of the memory locations to store

certain

waypoint

groups that make up trips or route plans. In this way, favorite
trips are saved and used over and over again by the number grouping selected.
Of course, the paper log book helps keep things straight for everyone.

3.6.2

Waypoint

To gain access to the

tion, press

Directory

thelwpT/4

STORE WAY POINT

opera-

-

key.

1 WAYPOINT

ENTER NEW WPT ?
ENTER WPT NO.

DIRECTORY

a--

1

e

,

The WAYPOINT DIRECTORY appears on the

screen. The directory is used exclusively to pick

one of the memory locations for storing your

GOT0

WPT LIST e

PRESS CLEAR TO EMT

-- .-__

OPERATION 3-19

(WPT

STORE

WAYPOINT

OPERATIONS

-1

c

ENlERNEWWPT?
ENTER WPT NO.

OOTO WFT

FRESS CIEAR TO EXIT

I

STOAE

WPTloOZ

LIST

wNKnNTMR I

smPEwPrm

IATtLONG@ -

*

0-w

d

[SmRE

WAypolNl-&II.

WPTnot

N

42'42.QQ'me

WC9

ENT

TO ENTER UT

W’

--

t

-m-J

I

-_-----­UsEmmiKEY

FOR NEW ICONS

1

KEv*FHID

3

KEY=REv

PRESS ENTER TO CONllNUE

t +

Note:

II

press

data to

1

-

e-*-w.

CLEAR

he

last ENTER wed.

’

zdX@-

QtOI

ND(T)

key. onb# dears

(ST-

WIT

1002ml = 9960

m,

26236.4

7~2

t

& FOR NEW ICONS

SdX ,tsc GHI

aO#

-s--e -

9QQQQ.Q

I

~W~b,pomlT tapll

----e-w-

USE~KEY

1 KEv=FWO

3 KEY=REv

TABLE OETIIIS

MN0 SW Yn

DEF

JKI.

t

WR VWX

wPrsoO2

N 42°42.10’

w

07P1a66

---

t

234 890

.

2b

de

X*

567

---a

waypoint coordinate data. Pressing one of the softkeys will help you make

that selection.

ENTERNEWWPT? Pressing this

waypoint

memory.

IENTERWPTNO._ 1 If you want to store

memory
#( X, X, X,), then press

Example:

#,

press the 1

Press 1

ENTER

-1.

ENTER WPT

WPT #

# IO, 1, 0,

so&key

selects next available empty

waypoint

data into a particular

(softkey, type the desired Wpt memory

wq,

for Wpt.

#lo.

If you happen to pick a memory number where the waypoint is “write

protected”, the contents of the memory may not be changed or overwritten
until the protection feature is removed. In this case, pressing

thdmikey

will emit multiple beeps indicating an error.

If the memory is protected, you can always enter a different memory number

or go to the

waypoint

list for a look at the available

waypoint

memories.

OPERATION 3-20

. _ . __., -R l-.-.w

/GOTO

WAYPOINT LISA

memories.

Press this softkey to see a directory of the

waypoint

When the

WAYPOINT

LIST

page appears, use the 1 (up) / 3 (down) numeric
keys (one at a time) to scroll through the memory listings in either direction.
When either key is held down, the scrolling operation speeds up so memories
can be accessed more quickly.

If you want to store a new

selected (highlighted)

waypoint

in the highlighted MEMORY # block. Then press the

waypoint

or edit the existing information of a

memory, place the desired memory number

m

key. You can
quickly change the name, symbol, or coordinate data of any waypoint
memory this way.

3.6.3 Naming Waypoints

As soon as a waypoint memory location is selected by one of the methods

available from the Waypoint Directory, the NAME WAYPOINT display ap-

pears.

On this display you can select various symbols and/or letters to

"NAME"

the waypoint. The name can consist of up to 8 char­acters. Each character “selected” at the

point on the Plot display.

nom

. .

will be used to designate that way-

Softkeys

provide a quick
means to select the various characters or symbols for
the name.

Find the desired symbol or character in the groups

I

EIRST

--------

USE=

FOR NEW ICONS

1 KEY=FwD
3 KEY=REv

PRESS ENTER TO CONTINUE

NAM WAYPOINT

KEY

8002

TdX

ao#

NEXT

&

1

b

b

next to the arrows on the screen. If the character is in

NAME

wAYPolNT MO2 I

T 8

de

Xb

di-

I

--------

USEmKEY

FOR NEW ICONS

1 KEY=Fwo

3 KEY=REv

the group, press the

softkey

indicated by the arrow.
The characters in the group will be re-distributed next
to the arrows so you may choose the character

rectly.

If you do not see the character needed for the name,

press the

m[

softkey

to select new character

groups. The groups will appear in pairs as shown in

the figure.

Repeat this operation, selecting characters or symbols and pressing the

softkeys, until the name is completed. To leave a space, you may press the

1

(

FWD

)

key to skip past a entry prompt or place the character cursor over

OPERATION 3-21

any blank space in the typewriter box and then press the softkeys required to
add the character.

If you make a mistake, just position the

blinking cursor over the incorrect character

with the

3

(REV) key and re-type the

car-

a d x

ABC GHI

o(Oe DEF JKL WR

MN0

.

STU YZl

VWX 294

567

890

rect character in its place.

When the NAME is complete, press

this page without naming the waypoint until later, just press

thei-

key. If you want to bypass

thev[

key.
In the meantime, this “unnamed” waypoint will be designated by a “diamond”
shapped symbol on the plot screen.

3.6.4 Storing Waypoints

Once

thelmkey

screen, the display

changes to the

STORE WAYPOINT TYPE

is pressed on the

NAME WAYPOINT

screen so you can select the type of

coordinate data to enter.

1

If you wish to enter the waypoint coordinates in

Latitude/ Longitude, press

thelm/soft-

STORE WAYPOINT

WFTJmo2

STORE WPT

Bv:

lAT/LONG

TYPE

&

key.

To enter the

Time Differences, press

waypoint

coordinates in Loran-C

theIs

softkey.

1

To enter a waypoint position as a bearing and range from your present

position, press

3.6.4.1 Storing by

thelBEARING/DISTANCE 1 sofkey.

LAT/LON

Enter the waypoint Latitude coordinates by typing the numeric value in
degrees, minutes and hundreths of minutes. PresslENTERl when the value is
correct

“N”or

Example:

.

If you are editing or correcting an existing

andm]again

“S”, if necessary.

Press

2,7,1,0,1 ,S,IENTERUENTE-'

Latitude = N 27’ 10.15’

if the direction is OK. Use the

way-

softkey

to select

point and the Latitude is already correct, just
press

1

ENTERI ENTER[

Longitude entry.

to advance directly to the

W .

---

-w’--

c

OPERATION 3-22

_._...

Enter the waypoint Longitude coordinates by typing the numeric value.
Begin with a
value is correct
the indicated direction is incorrect, press the softkey for

“0”

if the Longitude is less than 100’. Press

anqn\again

if the direction is displayed correctly. If

1-1

“E”

or

when the

“w”.

,

Example:

When

display while the unit is storing the new

m[

Press

0,8,2,

1,

0,2, S,Im(ENTER[

Long. = W 82’ 10.25’

is pressed, a "CALCULATING" message appears on the

waypoint

and then the screen

changes back to the Waypoint Directory.

If

you want to enter another waypoint, press

This key returns you to the NAME WAYPOINT page and advances the

IENTER NEW WAYPOINT?I.

waypoint memory number to next available memory. To designate a particu-

lar memory number to continue waypoint entries,
If you want to recheck the new entry, press1

Press

-1

if you are finished. This will return you back to the previous

GOTO WAYPOINT

press1

ENTER

WPT

LISA

NO.

key.

1

-

display mode.

3.6.4.2. Storing by

TDs

To enter the waypoint coordinates in Loran-C Time Differences, on the

STORE WAYPOINT menu press

Enter the TD 1 coordinate by typing in the nu-

merit value using all six digits. Press -J~a02

when the

TDl

value is OK.

them

softkey.

IS-IWRE WAYPOINT TJD 1

GRI

=

9960

m,

26238.4

--m-m

-

Example: Press 2,7, 1, 0,

TDl =

27101.5~s

1,5, -1.

lD2 om!x!.o_

Enter the TD2 coordinate by typing the numeric

value in using six digits. Press

Example: Press 4,4,2, 1, 0,2,

When-1

the unit will now calculate a “corrected” L/L

is pressed,

1-1

when the TD2 value is OK.

-1

TD2 =

44210.2~s

to store as the waypoint. During the calculation process the unit
will display a

"

CALCULATING

"

message on the screen. Please wait for

the message to disappear before continuing.

3.6.4.3 Storing by Bearing/distance

Occasionally, you may wish to enter a waypoint into memory by describing

the waypoint’s position as a bearing and distance from your own current

position. This is easily accomplished with your NAV unit.

However, while describing a range or distance from your vessel should not
be a problem, it is important to make sure your “bearing” information is in
“magnetic” IF the magnetic variation is “ON”.

If you wish to enter a

present position, press the

WAYPOINTTYPE

waypoint

lBEARING/DISTANCE 1 softkey

menuscreen.

position as a bearing and range from your

First, type the numeric value of the BEARING

(BRG)

bearing is less than 100’.

information. Begin the entry with

“0”

Presdmlwhen

if the

the

bearing value is displayed correctly.

Example:

Press

0,4,5, -1

for

Bearing = 45’

Now

the

DISTANCE

the range is less than 10.0 miles, type a
two digits. Press

Example:

Press

(RNG)

-1

0,6,4,-i

can be entered using three digits (up to 99.9). If

“0”

first, followed by the remaining

when the

DISTANCE

value is displayed correctly.

for Range = 6.4 nm.

If you make an error entering the numeric value, press
Then retype the correct value.

on the STORE

lsroRE WAywtHT

WPT ~02

N 42’42.10’

W

072O

10.66’

0

---

t.hejj[

--.-

key.

BID1

When

waypoint. During this time, the unit will display a

[B]

is pressed, the display will calculate a L/L to store as the

"CALCULATING" message.

Please wait for the message to disappear before continuing to the next
operation. The screen will change back to the Waypoint Directory.

3.6.5

Waypoint

As mentioned earlier, the

List Operations

Waypoint

List lets you scan through the contents
of the waypoint memories. You can select any of the stored waypoints to
Edit, Copy, Protect, Measure or Erase from this page. In addition the

waypoint list, which is normally arranged in sequential memory # order, may

be re-sorted alphabetically by name for ease in locating specific waypoints

using

themsoftkey.

OPERATION 3-24

3.6.5.1 Selecting Waypoints

To control the positioning of the list contents, the

1

(up) key lets you look at the listed waypoints at’G

-

the top of the list; the 3 (down) key lets you look

at waypoints down the list. The

waypoint #

ap-

pearing in the highlighted block is the “selected”
waypoint and is the waypoint that can be operated

on if the

[mJar m

keys are pressed.

N ? 42 m

7

a~~Z&~i~{EOtT~

W 71’ 16. 34

65---

.

’

3.6.5.2 Editing Waypoints

I

To add a name or symbol, or edit the L/L coordinate data to

any

selected
waypoint, just select-the waypoint using either method listed above. When
the memory # is highlighted, press the

NAME WAYPOMT display so you can make the necessary changes.

(EDIT1

key. This returns you to the

To Copy,
Erase, or Protect a particular waypoint or event mark just select the waypoint
using either method listed above. Press the

to WAYPOINT-SF.

@key

and the display changes

3.6.5.3 SF Operations

If you press the m key on the

some additional operations with the stored

Waypoint

List display, you can perform

waypoint

data including the

following:

A. Protecting Waypoints

While on the

Waypoint

List, place the number of
the waypoint to be “Protected” in the highlighted
box on the Waypoint List. Press the

On the

WAYPOINT

SF

screen confirm that number

msoftkey.

shown under PROTECTWPTSEVENTS is correct.

Press the

~PRoTECT wmm MmK[ sotiey

to

RDTECT WPWEKNTS b

t!!!

ON

EFUEWPTWENTS

800

coPY~EAsuREwPls #

lpE0

b

turn “ON” the Protection feature.

When a

the

waypoint

WAYPOINT

memory is “Protected” the character

LIST

and Waypoint Directory screens, and the

“P”

is displayed on

waypoint

may
not be overwritten with new coordinate data until the protection is first turned
OFF or if a “Master Reset” of the unit is performed.

B. Erasing a

While on the Waypoint List, place the number

in the highlighted box. Then press the

Waypoint

q

ofthe

waypoint to be “erased”

softkey for the

WAYPOINT -

SF

menu.

OPERATION 3-25

On the

WAYPOMT

the selected

WAYPOINT SF

screen, confirm that the number shown under

ERASE

is correct. Also verify that the Waypoint Protection feature for

waypoint

is OFF. Press the

1

ERASE

WAYPOINT~ soflkey.

The

waypoint will be erased.

WARNING !

Make sure that the waypoint to be erased is NOT selected as your
current destination. Only waypoints protected “manually” cannot

be accidentally erased.

C. Copying Waypoints

Waypoints can easily be transferred from one memory location to another
using the COPY feature. To Copy waypoints: Press

Waypoint

softkey.

Then type the waypoint # (from) and
# (to) and press

List. On the Waypoint- SF menu press

When the

COPY/MEAS.

screen appears, press

press-1

(ENTERI

again.

them

ICOPYIMEASURE WPTSl

Then press the

softkey on the

theI=

softkey.

waypoint

Example:

[=I

34-1

1, 5,

(ENTEd

.

Wpt #3 is now copied into wpt

#15.

D. Measuring between Waypoints

You can easily measure the bearing and range
between any two waypoints stored in memory
by pressing

on the WAYPOINT - SF screen.

when the

key. Then type the number of the “FROM” waypoint and
by the number of the “TO” waypoint. Press

the/

COPY/MEASURE

COPYhIEAS.

WPTS~

WAYPOINTS

soflkey

screen appears, press thelMEAS.lsoft-

-1

thel[

The calculated

key.

followed

bearing and range will then be displayed.

If you want to measure additional points, press

the-1

softkey

again.
The Fr and To digits will clear and you may re-enter a new pair of numbers.
Press

Fj?[for

Pressmjwhen

the new Bearing/Range calculation.

you are finished to return to the Waypoint List.

OPERATION 3-26

. --:-. --a-

3.7 Setting Alarms

The

NAV

398 has three operator programmable alarms that you can set to

advise you when limits have been reached.

The types of alarms available

are:

l

ARRIVAL- Arrival at a waypoint.

l

ANCHOR - Exceeds Anchor drift limit.

l

OFF COURSE- Straying too far from track.

Whenever an alarm is set and activated, the audible beeper will sound and
the alarm characters will blink on-screen. You can set an Arrival alarm or
Anchor alarm, but not both types together. Press the[CLEARlkey to silence
the audio alarm.

3.7.1 The Arrival Alarm

The Arrival alarm can be set to alert
you when you are within a specified
distance from your waypoint. The ar­rivalalarmcanbesetErom0.01 to9.99
nautical miles (run).

To set an Arrival alarm:

Press

ALARMS

thel]key.

The SET NAV

screen appears. This is the alarm set-up screen. Press

ARRlvAL ,+ w 9

CIRCLE

’

y

l %@t%#E?rHEN

\

-b

I!3

!K

wAyw’NT

\

J

,ARFUVAL CIRCLE

4

#

theI­softkey. Then enter the distance value for the desired arrival alarm zone with

the numeric keys.

Press-to finish the entry and exit back to the last

used display mode.

Example:

miles;

To set an Arrival zone of 0.06 nautical

Pres$KiZ$

press 0 , 1 , 0 ,

m.

There are several factors which should be

sidered

tance.

when setting the arrival alarm zone dis-

Among these factors are: the speed your

con-

SET NAVALARMS

1

0 10

ARRIVAL

-‘--

ANCHOR

1

4

4

vessel is or will be traveling, the weather condi­tions (foggy, rain, clear, etc.), and your familiarity
with the surroundings.

000

-9

--

PRESS CLEAR TO EXIT

OFF-COURSE4

A vessel traveling at 30 knots, will travel 180,000

ft/hour, 3000 ft/minute, or 50 ft/sec., so an arrival alarm set to 0.0 lnm gives

you 1.2 seconds to react. If the alarm were set to 0.2nm, (1200 ft) you will
have 24 seconds to decide your course of action. In the

NAV

398

the arrival

OPERATION 3-27

..T_”

-1-.

alarm is initially set to 0.10 nm from the factory to provide an arrival alert in

the event that one is not set by the operator.

3.7.2 The Anchor Alarm

The anchor alarm is intended to be used to monitor your vessel’s position

while at anchor. If the vessel begins to drift beyond the entered distance of
the anchor alarm, the alarm wiII sound off and notify the crew of the possible
dragging of the anchor.

The distance value to input for the an-

char alarm zone depends on many fat- tEioR,

tors, such as the amount of anchor line

+-+

out and the depth, the proximity of other
objects or vessels, and weather
tions. However, the incremental

condi-

dis-

*-

)

\

\

‘4

c

J

t

I9

EVENT

,WAYPOINT

:

/AlARh4S

SOUNDS WHEN

VESSEL CROSSES ZONE

tance that can be entered is 0.01 nautical

mile steps which is equivalent to approximately 60 feet or 18 meters per step.

The first task, when entering an anchor watch alarm, is to press

thd-[

key as you drop anchor to store your present position as a waypoint. Make
a mental note of the EVENT memory # (number), The number appears for
approximately 3 seconds on the
waypoint. If you miss seeing the number, just check the

dispIay

and certainly is the last used

waypoint

list. The

stored Event will be the highlighted waypoint on the list.

Press thepALM/ key. Press the
to enter the drift limit distance. Input values can range
nautical miles.

Pres$mJwhen

-1

softkey.

Use the numeric keys

from .Ol

to 9.99

the value is correct to set the anchor watch

alarm.

Now press

to be your destination

thdm[

key, and enter the EVENT # that you’ve just saved

waypoint

and then

press-1

The anchor watch is

now set and will be monitoring the anchor drop point.

Example:

To set an anchor limit of 100 yards, (.05nm at 2000 yd/nm),type

0, S.JZFZiZlfor .05nm (300 feet).

In the event that you drift beyond the distance set for the anchor watch alarm,

the audio beeper will sound and the ANC characters will be indicated

on-screen in the alarm warning area.

PressvIto

silence the audible

alarm.

OPERATION 3-28

3.7.3 Off-Course Alarm

The Off-Course alarm can be used to
alert you when you are steering to a
specific waypoint destination if your
vessel strays too far away from your
intended track line to the selected way­point. This is particularly useful if you

Cc

&G@

are using an autopilot to monitor its ef-

fectiveness.

./?‘O

.--**-*

N---d**

To set the Off-Course alarm, press

softkey.

Using the numeric keys, enter the desired distance that represents

theplkey.

Press the(OFF COURsEI

the maximum margin that you would allow for being off course, then press

the/mikey

Example:

to set the alarm into operation.

Press 0, l,OjENTER[, for an XTE alarm of 0.1 run.

Whenever the XTE alarm is set and the XTE distance exceeds the alarm
value, the alarm will be activated, the audible beeper will sound and XTE
characters will appear on-screen in the alarm warning area.

Presdm[

to

silence the audio beeper.

The values set for the alarms will remain in memory until changed by the
operator. As mentioned earlier, you can set the arrival alarm or the anchor
alarm, but not both. The alarms can be set to OFF anytime by accessing the
desired alarm in menu and entering

“0”

as the alarm value.

3.8 Man-overboard Mode

This important feature is useful if, while underway, something or someone

falls overboard. Press

thelE[key

. This puts the NAV unit into the special

MOB display mode and a series of special operations begin.

The MOB display appears and shows the posi­tion where the event occurred as waypoint #999.
Own ship and the MOB are joined by a dotted line
and constant readings of BRG and DTG are pro­vided to the MOB position. The Plot scale is
automatically set to the 0.5nm scale for the opti­mum view, although the scale can be set for the
amount of detail required for recovery.

OPERATION 3-29

a

The arrival alarm is preset to 0. lnm and activates whenever you are within

this area relative to the MOB. As always, press the

-1

key to silence

the audible alarm.

To Cancel the MAN-Overboard function and return to the Position

playpress and hold

the[MOB/8lkey

for about 3 to 4 seconds until a second

dis-

beep is heard and the MOB characters disappear from the screen.

NOTE:

The MOB location is not “Saved” to memory permanently and the
location will be lost when the MOB mode is cancelled. If you will need to
retain the location for some reason, mark the location with

themjkey

after the mode is cancelled.

3.9 Route Plans

The

NAV

398 allows you to create up to 10 route plans using a maximum

of 200 waypoints or 20 per each route. When

the//key

is pressed, the
display will show the Route Mode menu, which will allow you to choose to
Make, Follow, or Edit a route plan. The figure below provides an overview

of the screens that are used for implementing the various route functions.

SELSClIK)UTENUWEN

ROUTE

PLAN

OPERAllONS

\

OPERATION 3-30

1 mlgcrEuTOmmer

--. ..- -

I

­+NlJ9

LEG1 L

1 PRESSENTTOEND

NOTE: AUTO SEOUENCE AT AJWVAJ.

pERpEwm2uuR

[OTG =

1

UIM

3.9.1 Making Route Plans.

Press

screen appears. Press

themlkey

and the "ROUTE MODE

thejm[softkey.

-'I

When the

lm[key

is pressed, the

MAKE

ROUTE

Selection screen appears to prompt you to choose a
route number for your route plan. Choose any number
from those listed on the screen and

Example:

4,

-1,

for route plan 4.

press(ENTER(

MAKE ROUTE

SELECT NOWE NUYBER

m 67690

!

The display willchangeto the MAKE ROUTELEGS
display and prompt you to enter your starting way-
point.
route. Then press

Enter the

waypoint #

-1.

If the memory number

of the first point in the

I

you typed does not contain waypoint data, the unit will

emit multiple beeps
the prompts to ---.

Example: Type

whe@i%ZJis

4,mlfor

pressed and return

waypoint #

004.

FROMtOlJ4 TO

FROM#6l!JTO

#g

The screen will show the From waypoint as 004 and
add the “TO” entry line for the next waypoint number
entry. Type the digits of the next point in the route plan. If you make a
mistake, press

the)m[key

and re-type the number.

Example: Type 1,5,

The Name of the waypoint, and

(ENTERlfor

waypoint # 0 15.

BRG/DTG

of the leg will be calculated and

displayed in the lower section of the screen. If the waypoint is correct, press

thelENTER]key

now as #O 15. The prompt “LEG” now appears and to enter the next
in your route plan press

LEG

002

now appears and the last

“From”

waypoint
presdm1
thej=J

softkey again to continue adding

and the display will change showing the “From” waypoint

waypoint

thd=j

softkey.

waypoint

you entered has become the

in leg 2. Type in the digits of the next waypoint #023 and

The LEG prompt re-appears again for adding LEG 003. Press

waypoint

legs into the route plan.

OPERATION 3-31

_1 -, ----

--*-

When you have completed the entry of all the waypoints for a particular

route plan, just press

thewqkey.

The new route plan will be stored and

the display will promptly return to the last used Display mode.

3.9.2

FollowRoute

Once a route plan has been made and saved into

Plans

I/

memory, it can be recalled to Followed or to be Edited.
Press

the-key.

appear. Press

when

the

theI-

FOLLOW ROUTE

The ROUTE MODE screen will

softkey.

Selector screen appears
use the numeric keys to type the number of the route
plan to

FOLLOW.

Example

The FOLLOW ROUTE

Press

4,lm(for

route plan # 4.

Setup screen appears. Once
route plans have been made, this screen permits en­gagement of route sequence operation.

ThelSEQUENCE

sequencing mode between

route sequence mode to OFF. Press

MODq

softkey enables you to select the type of

AUTO

or

MANUAL

th+EQUENCE

. The other choice turns the

MODElsoftkey

light the desired sequencing mode.

AUTO SEQUENCING

mode automatically steps from one waypoint to the

next when the arrival perpedicular point has been detected.

In MANUAL SEQUENCING

operator will manually press

mode, the unit sounds the arrival

the-1

key to step to the next leg in the

route plan when it is safe to do so.

When the Sequencing mode is decided, the next

1

step is to decide to follow the route in the Forward
direction (first to last), or to follow the route in Re-
verse (last to first). Just press

the/mor//qdirec-

SET ARRIVAL DISTANCE

tion softkey to advance to the next screen.

SEQUENCE MODE

mm MAN

OFF

waypoint

to high-

akrn

and the

FOLLOW ROUTE

Il. 1ONM

4

t

4

1

The last display shows the Arrival alarm distance that

will be used to alert you as each

proached. You may accept the limit by pressing

waypoint

is ap-

thd=lkey

PRESS ENT TO END

or enter a

limit of your choice on this screen. To enter a new arrival zone limit, type

the numbers of the desired limit distance and press

the/e[key.

OPERATION 3-32

When-is pressed the route sequence

mode,

will be ON. The route
number will be displayed in the left corner of the waypoint information bar
on the POS, NAV, or

CD1

screens and the first point of the route plan

becomes your initial destination, unless you happen to already be at the first

point of the route.

While you are following the route plan you may press

themlkey

anytime to bypass the next point in the route plan.

Turning the Route OFF

The route plan can be conveniently turned OFF anytime by pressing the

the FOLLOW ROUTE screen press the

One other method of turning the route sequence to OFF is a bit indirect but
if you press
plan, or press

thdmlkey

ml,

to select any waypoint that is not part of the route

OJm

, the route will be turned OFF.

3.9.3 Editing Route Plans

The EDIT ROUTE mode is used to

INSERT

or

DELETE

waypoints in a route

plan or to ERASE a route plan in its’ entirety.

Press the

Selection screen appears, select the route number you

wish to edit.

On the EDIT ROUTE screen the route legs can be
examined and the bearing and distance of the high­lighted leg of the route plan displayed. If changes are
necessary, you can insert or delete waypoints in the
legs in a route by performing the following key opera-

/ROUTE/51

key. Press

Press//[

thelm[

softkey.

when

the EDIT ROUTE

1

EDIT ROWE

SELECT ROUTE NUMBW

123@5

m

fi

e

B

MESS CLEANToEaT

1

ERASEROUTE

+

tions:

I

The EDIT ROUTE display shows the Route # and

the leg containing the first two

waypoint #‘s

in the

route. To see other waypoints in the legs of the route,

of interest in the highlighted block to check the bearing
and distance.

OPERATION

3-33

Press

INSERT

theI=j

or

DELETE

key puts the screen into an Edit condition so you can

waypoints.

Notice that two

(insert) appear on the screen.

To INSERT a Waypoint

For example; to insert a new

press(LEGI[

and

them[arrow

036. If this is where you would like to

msoftkey

Type the new

waypoint

until you see the leg containing Fr 006/to

waypoint

between waypoints #006 and #036,

INSERT

the new waypoint, Press the

number ( # 002) and

new waypoint will now appear between 006,002,036.

softkeys ILEG

pressF1

and

m

The

To DELETE a

To delete a
where the

waypoint SO36

036. Then

The

FROM

waypoint

J

B

press

theI-

mode. If you press

Waypoint

waypoint

waypoint

in the example above,

pressllto

waypoint 036 will disappear the route string will be joined less

from a route plan, press

thelLEG1

key until the leg

shouid be deleted is displayed. For example; to delete

EDIT and

pres~~~until
pressmqagain

you see Fr 006/ to

to

DELE

TE

#036.

036 ( deleted from route; not from waypoint memory).

When you are finished,

key to end the editing session and return to the Display

the[CLEAR[key

here (which is normally done on other
menus) you will accidently remain in the EDIT screen and continue deleting
waypoints from the route against your will.

3.9.4 Erasing Route Plans

To

ERASE

wqon

and then press the

ENTER"

of heart,

a route plan, select the Route mode with

the ROUTE MODE

#

will appear. To

pressjjlto

Directory. Type in the route number to be erased

ERASE ROUTE

ERASE

the route,

abandon the ER

softkey.

presdm{

ASE

request and return to the Display

thevlkey.

Press

The

message

WJRE? PR

ESS

If you have a change

mode.

3.10

TheplKey

One of the smallest, but most important keys on the NAV 398 is

the-1

key. This key controls access to the screens which set up the operating
parameters for the sensors, the display system, and for the navigation
calculations and readouts,

In the Menu pages you will find that the operations are very simple and

direct and the most difficult task will be to remember which menu holds the

OPERATION 334

..- . . -. . _,._ _

function or setup that requires change. The paragraphs that follow will
endeavor to provide simple guidelines for you.

MENU

7

NW SETUPS

SIGNALSTATUS

mEscl.sAnmm

MENU OPERATIONS

1

AVENAGING

1

SYSTEMSTATUSMENU ]

wrf-

DATAINWJT .

*

)

TO

SJgnol Slcluc -)

I

mu

1

r

LORAN I( mSmONCORR.

’

UNlTS

.

4

NAV SENPE MENU

COURSi3BEAJlINQS ) -

PoSmONCORR )

AVERAGING . 7;

msssapumoQT

LORAN1 +--a

1

-

r

I

i

I

[ POSrnON COFW

mur 0

YL(lNEllt

MANUAL vAnlAmll

GEODETICSVSTEM

WaMl

N 00.00’

w 00.00’

mEJsamnmsxi7

DGPS BEACON SELECT .

msssamnmm

dul.

NM

GPSZ.]

“;:;i drn *

mEvlous 0

)

lb

.

0

-4

m

DGR

MENU

3.10.1 Main Menu Directory

The figure above shows the selection paths that are available when the

-key

of Measure and Language. The NAV

is actuated. The Svstem setuos control Data Inputs/ Outputs, Units

setuns

change the parameters for
calculating and displaying the navigation data. Items that can be altered are
Course & Bearing readouts, Speed averaging, and Position corrections. The

enal

Status screens display the signal reception and tracking status and

allow initialization input and manual control functions.

When

played, pressing the indicated

therMENU/key

is pressed and the MAIN MENU Directory is dis-

softkeys

will place you in the secondary

memis. When you are ready to leave the secondary menu, press

key. You will be returned to the MAIN MENU Directory.

If you are finished with setups in the menus, press

the//

key one more

time to return back to the last Display mode screen.

OPERATION 335

theI=

3.10.2 Signal Status Pages

The SIGNAL STATUS displays are used to show the conditions of signal

acquisition and tracking of the attached sensors and thereby indicate the
quality of the position fix. If the NAV unit is using both a loran and GPS
sensor, the status of the sensor in use is always displayed. You may choose
GPS or Loran operation while in the normal Display modes by pressing the

vl

key.

3.10.2.1 Loran Signal Status

When operating in the Loran-C mode and the\SICNAL

STATUS1

softkey

is
pressed, the first screen advises which type of “stats” you will be looking at.
The

"LORAN STATUS"

STATUS MENUS

LORAN C STATUS

screen will appear as shown in the figure below.

mou ‘SIGNK”

STATUS MENU IF LOWN

SEIJXTEDASNAVTVPE

ON

IS

I

TOGGLES

moht

r4x

I

ENTER

BA

PRESS ENTER TO GElURN

S2@ -

On this display the characters show the selected GRI and the Secondaries

being received and used for L/L calculations in the Signal box (prominently
featured on the page). The Master (M) station is shown first in the box. As
each Secondary signal is received it becomes listed in the box. The signals
appear in the list in the order in which they are received and not necessarily
in numerical order.

The selected GRI number appears in the top section of the box. An “A” may

appear to the right of the GRI to indicate that the 508 sensor is operating in
the automatic GRI and secondary selection mode. If the “A” is not ON, the

sensor is in the “manual” Station selection mode.

OPERATION 336

As you may remember from reading the basic loran information in the

R~~NAV

508 manual, the secondaries get their numbers by using the first

digit of their normal time delay. On this display you actually see the TDs of

all the loran signals, but the two

“S”

numbers highlighted in the reverse block
characters at the left side are the stations being used to get your Lat./Long
readout. So in the Status page example in the preceeding figure, the ”

1“)

“4”

line and the “6” lines are being received.

SNR Display

You can see a display of the

SNR’s

(signal-to -noise ratio) levels for the
Master and all received secondaries in the SNR column. The SNR level is
important because it affects the quality of the position fix and certainly

acquisition time.

The time required to select the correct cycle of the received loran signal is
directly related to the received strength of the signal (SNR). If the signals are
very weak, it usually takes much longer to “Lock-on” and track the signals
and display your position. The table below shows the general range for SNR
levels vs time of acquisition.

f3NR

Table

SNR LEVEL STATUS

70 - 99

50 -

69

15-49

o- 14

Good Up to 3 minutes
Fair Up to 7 minutes
Poor Unpredictable
Bad Try the GPS

TIME TO LOCK

.

SIGNALSTATUS LORAN ]

Track Status

EST

41

The Track Status numbers appearing in the

right hand column labled
to 8’s during the acquisition process with an

indicating that the loran is “Locked-on” and
tracking that particular station.

"TRACK" vary

from 0

“8”

STA

N 42 05.32’

w 071 10.14’

PRESS CLEAR TO EXIT

ECD 4,

11

When one of the signals disappears or becomes too weak to be tracked, the

corresponding status number may go to

“9“

until the signal is recovered. If

the signal is not recovered within 5 minutes, the signal will be considered

“1ost“

and status number reverts to 0 (re-initiating search).

OPERATION 337

STATION SELECTION

I’

m 9960

B

ml
St12

PRESS ENTER TO RETURN

AUTO STATION

mom

NEWGRI? 6 J

NEW Sl.

I-l I

@

S2? + B

1

D

TOGGLES

Sl,

S2 SELECTION

GRI

TRW

REGISTERED GRls

I

3.10.2.3 Station Selection Mode

If for some reason the SNR values or the Track Status of the

SELECTED

stations in the Automatic Station Select mode are poor and the loran will not
lock-on, you can choose Manual Station mode and make station selections

manually using the signals that are received in good quality. Just press the

When you see the "STATION SELECTION" screen, you only need to press
either
list or

thdw1

softkey to select a different GRI from the internal GRI

the[msl,sz?lsoftkey

to change the secondaries stations only.

Selecting GRIs Manually

Thdm[softkey

toggles through the list in numerical order. The GRI
names appear on the screen directly below the GRI number on the screen. If
you’re not sure which GRI to enter, the list of worldwide loran GRI’s appears
below.

WORLDWIDELORANCCHAINS

4990
5930
5970
5990
7170
7270
7950
7960
7970
7980
7990

5980

C.PACIFIC
E.CANADA
E.ASIA(CO.LION
W.CANADA

SAUDIARABIASO.
NEWFOUNDLAND EC
CHAYKA E.ASIA
GULFOFALASKA

NORWEGIANCHAIN

S.E.USA
MEDITERRANEANSEA

ATTUCHAWKA

8000

8290

8940

8970
8990
9610
9940

9960

9970
9980
9990
7930

CHEUROPE

NO.CEN.USA

FRENCH
GREATLAKES
ARABIANORTH

SO.CENUSA

WESTCOASTUSA

NEUSA

NWPACIFIC

ICELAND

NORTHPACIFIC
LABRADOR(OffAirin

Nov94)

OPERATION 3-39

Selection of Secondaries

When

pS1,S2?(

softkey is pressed, the screen will change to the ” S 1,

$2 Selection” screen. On this page the top line of large characters shows the

received secondary stations from the selected GRI.

To enter the two secondary stations for S 1 and $2 that you would prefer to

use for your Lat/Lon calculations, Press

thasoftkey

for a NEW S 1 station
and using the numeric keys, type the number of the desired station. Then

pres$%%@

a new $2 or

The softkey arrows will return. At this point you may coose

press/ZiKQone

more time to return to the Signal Status page.

For S2, press

of the desired station for S2. Then

Example: a 2,

Press

. Signal Status page.

3.10.2.4 GPS Signal Status

When in the GPS mode and
pressed and
the Menu Directory, the GPS Status screen will
appear and show the GPS satellite signals.

themsoftkey

and using the numeric keys, type the number

presdm1.

/BJ 4,

(-1

@EEQ

for S 1 of 2
for S2 of 4

when finished to return to the

theI-

ISIGNAL

STATUS{

is’ selected from

key is

x

A

b

I&

I

!i

,y. :j@&

I .

PRESS CLEARTO EXIT I

0141MT SF*

The “Satellites Tracked” display shows the identification numbers( ID) of
the satellites being received, tracked, and used for L/L calculations in the
reverse block characters. The

Raystar

108 sensor is usually tracking 4-6
satellites at any one time and can track up to eight, if visible. So, seeing 6 to
8 blocks illuminated is not at all unusual.

In the column below each Sat ID # you can see see the individual satellite’s
azimuth angle, it’s elevation angle from the horizon, and signal level (SNR).
The data is displayed for all satellites being received.

Below the Status box the HDOP number appears and provides the current
fix quality. This rates both the strength of the satellite signals as well as the
geometry of the satellite positions. Typical HDOP numbers for a good fix
are 2 or less. Fair HDOP values are 4 or less; Poor HDOPs are over 5.

t

OPERATION 3-40

In the title box, the fix type is displayed at the right end. Here, you will see
either 3D or 2D characters. The 2D mode is a two-dimensional position fix
mode that will not factor the calculated altitude (antenna height) into the L/L

position solution. AUTO mode calculates altitude. Generally, the 2D mode
works the best for marine navigation.

The Status display also includes readouts of your estimated position, local

date and time, and antenna height.

There are two softkeys on the GPS Status screen.

the GPS sensor Initialization sequence.

Thm

Thmsoftkey

accesses

softkey permits special setups
that effect the GPS position fixing or readout displays. The next sections
cover the GPS initialization sequence.

3.10.2.5 Initializing GPS Sensors

The following paragraphs describes the series of initialization inputs to be

checked when your NAV unit is to be operated with the RAYSTAR 100 or

RAYSTAR

. When

108 GPS Sensors.

de.when the

the-1

key is pressed andlSIGNAL

JJ

awtesenso

r is connected,

STATUS1

is selected from the
Menu Directory while using the GPS mode, the GPS Status screen will
appear and show the GPS satellite signals. Press

them

softkey to start the

sequence of initial entries. The first screen appears as below:

Estimated Position

When the EST LATITUDE message appears, the current Latitude entry will
be displayed. To update the entry, you should always re-type the correct,
numbers for you latitude using the numeric keys. Even if the entry is OK, we
recommend

that

this entry, by pressing

thelm[key.

ESTIMATED POSITION

L

THEN PRESS ENTER

wnnu

nn.na

b

THEN PRESS ENTER

ENTERING INITIAL POSITION

I

Example:

Press

4,2,0,5,0,0~~,~/,

for N42’05.00’

Check the direction displayed to the left of the Latitude. Use

change

“S”

to

“N”

or vice versa.

Press-it0

save the Latitude.

thakey

to

Estimated Longitude

The prompt now moves to request your Longitude entry . Type in the correct

longitude value. Add a

Example:

Press

0,6,9,5,9,8,5,[~,~~,

Check the direction displayed to the left of the Longitude. Press

key to change “w” to

“0”

for Longitudes below 100 degrees.

for W69’ 59.85’

“E”

or vice versa. Press

(ENTER1

Pres!$Ml

thelE/wI

to complete the

longitude entry.

Whenvlis

pressed to complete your Longitude entry, you will be

prompted to enter the antenna height.

Antenna Height Entry

The display changes and prompts to

in METERS (3.28 feet = 1 meter) or in

you antennas height above the water. Then

"ENTER ANT HEIGHT"

"FEET".

Enter the numeric value of

press-j.

above sea level

When

thdm[
softkey appears on the screen, press the softkey only if you want to change

the units from meters to feet or vice versa. The currnt units selection appears
after the antenna height digits on the display. Then

presdmbgain.

When\-1

is pressed to accept your antenna

height, the unit will advance the message prompt

to request the date entry.

Date Entry

For this entry you need to type in sequence the
two digits of the Month, followed by two digits
for

theDay,

Year. When the readout looks OK,

followed by two digits for the current

press

IENTER]

.

For May

When (ENTER7 is pressed to accept the Date
entry, the display advances to enter the Local
time.

, OPERATION 3-42

7,94,

press 0,5,07,94

-1

-94

IME

18.25.14

GRI NO. 9960 41

I

Sf 14 9

s2

26

PRESS ENTER TO RETURN

L-

NOTE:

RETURNS TO
SIGNAL STATUS

II

Local Time Entry

When

1-1

is pressed to accept the Date entry, the display will prompt
you to enter Local time. Enter the hour and minutes (+/- 15 minutes) using
the 24 hour format. In the 24 hour format,

3:OOp.m.

is 1500,10:00p.m. is 2200. Since each entry is two digits, enter

9:OOa.m.

is shown as 0900,

“0”

first when the hour or the minutes value is less than 10.

Example:

Press

0,9,0,5,~~for

9:05a.m.

or

Press

1,3,0,7lmjfor

1:07p.m.

The last screen of this sequence prompts you to enter the GRI number of’

the loran chain serving your area and the

first

two digits of the

TDs

that

would normally be used in that area.

Loran GRI Selection

When the GRI entry prompt appears, the GRI that serves the area of your

esitmated L/L position will appear in the entry window. If the GRI is correct

then it is only necessary to designate the TD numbers.

Press Sl

softkey and type two digits of first TD.

Press=1

When the

softkey arrows re-appear, press the S2 softkey and type the two digits of S2.

Then

pres5jvto

If the

GRI

number was not correct, press
desired GRI number. Then press
message at the bottom of the page to press

input the S2 entry.

If you are

1-4

themsoftkey.

fished,

the[mqkey

Re-type the

follow the

and return back

to the GPS Signal Status page.

3.10.2.6 SF for GPS Status

On the GPS Signal Status screen one key re-

mains. The

softkey

is them(specia1 functions)

key.

GPS Fix Mode

When

theSF(

key is pressed, the first of two SF
menus (shown in the figure) appear. Here you
may select the type of GPS fix. The choices are
and

AUTO (3D).

The

2D

mode is recommended for

2D

marine use, Press the softkey for 2D fix mode.

OPERATION 3-43

lWTHT oolomt. bWT)

TNEN PRESS ENTER

SIGNAiY&T”S

OPERATIONS

RETURNS To

NOTE:

slsw

sThW.9

PRESS

arm

To izxm

Press

the[Gikey

L/L Digits ( L/L Resolution)

The next item of the SF menu selects the latitude/longitude readout resolu­tion . The readouts can display to
minute. The readouts are set to .OO’ from the factory. Press the

softkey for .OOO readouts.

to return to the Main Menu Directory.

VlOOths

of a minute or

l/lOOOths

I-

of a

When the

lmjsoftkey

is pressed , the SF2 menu will appear. On this
menu you can set the Time & Date readouts on the GPS Signal Status page
to show the UTC Time & Date when

The last menu item starts the SATELLITE SEARCH mode. when this

the/ml

softkey is pressed.

softkey

is pressed it is requesting the GPS sensor to refresh its almanac data in

memory. The message prompt will ask you to press
wish to proceed. Press

SEARCH

. The accumulation of almanac data normally takes anywhere from

PJ

if you choose to abandon a SATELLITE

them[key

if you

15 minutes up to 30 minutes.

OPERATION 3-44

3.10.3 System Setups

1

MAIN MENU

DIFIECTOR~

In the System Set-up menu the type and style of the

various readouts and messages can be set to your prefer-

sYsTEMSETuPs

*

ence. This menu also controls the Data input/Output
parameters. To see the System menu, from the POS,
NAV, or

MenuDirectory,press

CD1

screen press thejRi$Qkey. On the Main

~~~SYSTEMSETUP[~~~&~~.

SETUPS

SIGNAL STATUS

mEssawmm

)

)

NAY

3.10.3.1 Display Type

The first item on the

selection. When

SYSTEM STATUS

the(~~~

DISPLAY

menu is the

TYPE/

softkey

NAV DISPLAY TYPE

is pressed, the position
coordinates will be shown in TD coordinates if TD is highlighted. When L/L
is selected, all position coordinates appear in Latitude/ Longitude coordinate
format.

3.10.3.2 Units Menu

When
menu
language, and

thelm(softkey

SYSTEM UNITS

CD1

scaling may be selected.

is pressed on the system status menu, a second

appears. On this screen the units for distance and speed,

Themlkey

appears again

I[

SY%USTAlUS

UNITSJl

on the UNITS menu and this
time toggles the selection of

NM/KTS, SM/MPH, or

KIWKPH

units. PresslUNITS(

for distance/speed

until the

desired units are highlighted.

SYSTEMSTATUSUENU

NAvDlSPlAYTYPE

WDm

I

UNITS

1

lb

)

w .3 .5

1 mssasmmsm

SYSTEM STATUS OAT111

CUSCALE)

J

1

Language

Each time

key is pressed one of six

theI-

lan-

guages may be selected for the
text on displays and in menus. English is the default language. As the key is
pressed

DEUTSCH,FRANCE,ESPANOL,NORSK,

and

ITALIAN

maybeselected.

CD1 Scale Range

This menu item sets the span of the

CD1

scale used on all

CD1

displays in

CDI, NAV, and POS modes. The selections available are 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5

nm. These are scale limits as measured from midscale to each end. The value

highlighted in the block is the selected value. Press

thelSCALE(softkey

to highlight your choice.

OPERATION 3-45

3.10.3.3 DATA IN/OUT Menus

When you are on the SYSTEM SETUP menu

sofkey

the SYSTEM STATUS- DATA

menu will appear. This menu

and press

the)DATA IN/OUT)

till

control
the format of the data to output and execute the transfer of waypoints and
routes in and out of the

NAV

unit.

To select the Data output format

INMEA

DATA OUTlsoftkey to highlight
0 180, or 0 183 NMEA data formats. The next press of the softkey will select

SeaTalk data format.

NMEA 0 180 is an old data format that is intended to provide XTE steering

data to older autopilots.

NMEA0183 is the current standard data

interface used between marine electronic

OUTPUT ROUTE DATA

)

equipments. The list of NMEA 0 183 sen­tences outputted by the NAV 398 can be
found on page

SEATAI,K

2-6

of this manual.

is a bi-directional data for-

0100 m SEATALK

mat used for communication between

Autohelm Instruments and Raytheon ma-

rine products.

Press

the[NMEA

DATA OUTjsoftkey to highlight your choice.

MEMORY DATA OUT

This menu item enables the transfer of

waypoint

and route data from

internal memory of the NAV unit to a PC file. The data is output in the
NMEA 0 183 format standard using the WPL and RTE sentences. This mode
can be most useful to download the memory contents for editing and
reloading. The mode is also useful to save a file record of the memories in
the event a Master Reset must be executed.

To transfer the Memory Data out, press thdMEMORY DATA

OUT1

so&key.
The MEMORY DATA OUT screen will appear. The Data output connec­tions (Yellow & Green wires of the power cable) should be connected to the

COMl

or COM2 input of your PC. Verify that the line settings are set for:

8 Bit, 4800 baud, no parity, 1 start bit, 1 stop bit.

OPERATION 3-46

Designate a drive, path, and file for the data to be saved into. When the PC

iS

all

Set, press

thelOUTPUT

WPT

DATA1

or the [OUTPUT ROUTE

DATA1

sofkeys to begin the memory transfer. The screen will show the message

"SENDINGWPDATAOUT"

anda”

UPLOADING"

willblinkonthescreenduring

the transfer process. The time to upload the data will depend on the number

of memory elements to transfer since up to 500 memories may be involved.

The UP

MEMORYDATAINPUT

LOADING

message will go out when the transfer is completed.

When you are ready to transfer the PC files of route plans or waypoints into
the NAV unit memories, please verify that the Data Input connections in the
power cable assembly are now connected to the PC

COMl

or COM2 port.

If everythings connected correctly, on the SYSTEM STATUS DATA
menu, press the MEMORY DATA IN
message "LOADING

WP

DATA

sofkey.

IN"

and " DOWNLOADING" will blink on the

The screen will show the

screen during the transfer process. The time to download the data will depend
on the number of memory elements to transfer since up to 500 memories may
be involved and the transfer rate is one memory per second. The DOWN-

LOADING

message will go out when the transfer is completed.

+

1

MAIN

msooaunmmm

MENUDIRECTORY 1

SYSTEMSETUPS

NAvsETuPs b

SIGNU STATUS l

l

1 WSTEWSTATUSMENU 1

NAV DlsPl.AY

mm

DATAINIOUT )

+

m~amnmm

1

ASFCOtlRECTlON

~MANU

*

lYPE

UNITS

0

NAV

SGTIJPS

MENU

COUILpMEuINGS 0

6

OFF

1

SYSTEMSTATUS

q .3 .5

PNlsocLEAnToKlT

d

1

UNrrS

1 1 SYSTEM STATUS DATA

IANGUAGE

colscALE0

POSrnON CORR

0100 m SEATALK

.

mssaEumDoT

M4NUAL VAGlAllON

m~aanmDoT

DGPS

BEACON

NMEA

DATA OUT .

MEMORY DATA OUT

MEMORVDATAIN

rnUE *

uuwmc 0

.

.

--

SELECT )

)

)

OPERATION 3-47

COURSElBEARlNG TYPE

I

TRUE *

I

NAV SETUPS MENU

COURSBIBBARINPS ) -D

POSITION

AVERAGING

PMSS

CLEAR

TO Exrr

CORR.

l

1

blAGNEllC )

MANUAL VARIATION

w$

PRESS CLEAR To EXIT

)

I

)

3.10.4 NAV Setups Menu- Loran

NAV Setups for Loran include making choices of bearing types, position

corrections, and averaging constants for smooth (but responsive) readouts.

3.10.4.1TrueBlagnetic Modes

As with most navaids, Course and Bearing readouts can appear referenced
to True North or Magnetic North on the screen. When the

softkey is pressed the

COURSEBEARINGTYPE

menu permits selection of True

COURSE/BEARINGS

or Magnetic readouts. On the menu:

Press

thd=Jsoftkey

for True Bearings.
Press thelMACNETiC[key for Automatic Magnetic Bearings
Press

the/

MANUAL VARIATION

1 softkey

for manual Magnetic bearings

True North mode

When the unit is shipped from the factory the readouts for Course and
Bearing are displayed in “Magnetic North”. To display “True North” data’ it
is necessary to de-activate the “AUTO” Magneticvariation mode. Press the

/TRUEJkey

The Course and Bearing readouts will now be in degrees “True”.

The “mag” indicators, on the screen, will become ‘Ys.

Magnetic North Mode

when

thef~(orlMANUAL

VARIATION(keys

are pressed, the unit will

produce magnetic courses and bearings. The primary difference between these two
modes is that the variation values often from area to area. The
automatic variation program selected

softkey

can adjust for
these changes. The Manual variation mode uses a fixed value that is usually
accurate for a specific area.

Manual Magnetic Variation

In rare cases the Auto Mag Variation may be off by a degree in certain

Lat/Lon

locations. In this case, you could turn OFF the Auto magnetic

OPERATION 3-48

program and use your own entered value for the variation by selecting the

1

MANUAL VARIATIONlsof&ey .

When

the1

MANUAL

VARIATIONI

key is pressed, you must first decide

whether the direction of the variation is East or West. The direction already
selected is displayed at the left side of the screen. Press
direction should be changed and then press

thmdkey.

thmsoftkey

“00”

appears next

if the

to the direction character.

Now type the numeric value of variation and

now be in magnetic mode, but using a fixed variation value. When

press[wi

The unit will

the//[

key is pressed, the entered variation will now be applied to all Course and
Bearing readouts. Press
menu directory.

thejjkey

Press-[

and you will shift back to the mMain

a second time to get back to the last used

display mode.

3.10.4.2 Position Corrections- Loran

The NAV 398 unit has Position corrections that are available for use with
Loran-C navigation and corrections that apply to GPS navigation. If you
happen to be using both senors in your system, the menus that appear on the
screen will be determined by the sensor that is currently selected for use. To

apply corrections to the loran L/L you will need to be sure the unit is in the
loran mode. Conversely, be in GPS mode to do GPS corrections.

The NAV 398 includes automatic correction programing for both the Loran
and the GPS modes and these programs are normally operating when the unit
comes from the factory.

Loran Position Corrections

When the loran sensor measures the loran signal time differences, the TD’s

received are rarely perfect by the time they reach your boat. They usually
contain some errors to signal timing developed as the signals travel across
land due to various distortions of the terrain along the path of the radio waves.
Fortunately, the error values are generally known for most of the loran
coverage areas and a table of corrections (ASF) is built into your loran

sensor.The ASF program helps to correct the loran time differences so the

Lat/Lon readouts will match marine chart coordinates and your GPS more

closely.

The NAV unit only uses

Lat.&on

for waypoint navigation calculations.

When navigating to and from waypoints, the loran performs its bearing and

distance, TTG, XTE calculations by comparing the

Lat/Lon

values. Upon

OPERATION 3-49

arrival at the waypoint, the ships’ L/L must match WPT L/L. If the ship’s
displayed L/L is ASF corrected, the waypoint memory must have corrected
L/L coordinates if you are to arrive at the same location again. The NAV 398

takes care of this automatically for you.

If you see some difference between the waypoint’s L/L in memory and the
ship’s position at the waypoint location, we suggest that you save the

waypoint

as an Event, while sitting next to the mark. This will put a corrected

position into the waypoint memory and will permit the repeatable accuracy

of loran (+/- 50 feet) to guide you to the same location the very next time.

Auto ASF

Normally the ASF program is set to Automatic when the 508/A sensor
leaves the factory. However you should check the POSITION CORR. menu
and verify that the program is ON at the first opportunity. On the Main Menu
Directory, press

thelPOSITION

CORR]

softkey.

ASF correction is highlighted at AUTO. Pressing the

On the menu verify that the

softkey

steps the

selections from AUTO to MANUal to OFF, etc.

Manual TD Corrections

1

KJSrnON

CORFI.

LORAN

1

Although adding TD correction values to correct

your

Lat/Lon

there are times when
available. It is fairly easy to correct your
reading using TD difference values. The procedure
for making manual TD corrections appear in the

following example:

Example:

for a sea buoy are

position is not a common practice,

TDs

of a fixed landmark are

Lat/Lon

1

The actual TD readings given on a chart

13900.7~s

and

25590.0~s.

The

AVERAGING LORAN

ASF COlUlECTiON

~MANU

o.ous rm
o.ous

N 00.00’

w 00.00’

PREssaEARToExtT

#

OFF

*

14L *

1

loran display reads 13899.5~s for S 1 and 25590.2~s
for S2 while sitting next to the buoy.

13900.7 Chart

-13899.5 TD readout

1.2 Sl correction

After subtraction, the values

25590.0

Chart

25590.2 TD readout

-0.2 S2 correction

1.2~s

for Sl and

-0.2~~

for S2 were obtained

and can now be entered manually for the ASF values. To enter these values,
select the POSITION CORR. menu . Press the ASFCORRECTION
highlight MANU and press

thel[key.A TD will be highlighted to

softkey

to

indicate numeric values should now be entered.

OPERATION 3-50

Type in the numeric value 1, 2 and

press([.

correction was a plus value. So, even though the ”
on-screen, just press

thdmlkey

again for the +1.2us TD 1 correction.

In our example the

+/-I’

prompt just came

Whedwiis

is now ready to continue with entering

the offset value for TD2. Type in the numeric value 0,2.

pressed, the display

Press.

This

time press the +/, softkey, since the correction was a minus value. Then press

IENTER]to store the -0.2~s TD2 value.

Manual L/L Corrections

Instead of using the Auto ASF program or the manual TD offset values, the

L/L coordinates may be corrected manually. The process is similar to making

manual TD correction entries, and is accomplished in the following manner:

First go to a fixed navigation point and read your current L/L position from
the loran display. Extract the L/L coordinates of the fixed point from your
marine chart. Subtract the two Latitudes and the two Longitudes from each
other to determine the appropriate correction to be entered into the NAV unit.

Example: N42 42.23’ Loran

N42 42.08’ Chart

-

.

15’

(South) -.04’ (East)

W071 24.54’ Loran

WO7124.50’

Chart

After you have calculated your correction, select the POSITION CORR.

menu. Press the

@

softkey to highlight AL/L .

Type in the value of Latitude Offset 1, 2, 6. Press

the-1

key.

“N/S”

appears at the center softkey position. Since our sample offset is to the South,
press

them

“S”.Then

Whenle[is

the Longitude Offset with the numeric keys. Type in 1,

and the “E/W” characters appear again at the center
time the correction is to be subtracted. Use
the longitude correction before pressing

Press

thd=lkey

softkey to change the direction for the latitude correction to

press-l.

pressed, the display will expect you to enter the value of

0,5.

softkey

Press

position. This

-1

key to select E (-) for

/E

to return back to the Main Menu Directory. You could

presslCLEARlone more time to go back to the display mode. However, this

time press

the-1

softkey again

so we cm

check the AVERAGING

menu for Loran.

3.10.4.3 Averaging for Loran

Gn the

LORAN AVERAGING

menu we can select

averaging periods for the Loran L/L readouts and
one for the Speed readouts. Averaging periods of

SHORT, MEDIUM, LONG, canbeselected.

Press the [ wL POSITION [

softkey

repeatedly to
scroll the selections for the position readout. Press

thdWisoi?key

repeatedly to scroll the selections for the Speed readout.

1

AVERAGING

mssaEulmm

Ln

POSITION.

=lyBllm

imlaLQ6

LORAN 1

SPEED

*

)

*

“SHORT”-

Shortest averaging, quickest response, slightly erratic readings.

“MEDIUM”-Gives smooth readings with more response.

“LONG’‘-Longest averaging period. Gives smoothest readings.

Generally for Loran , For L/L Short or Medium averaging is recommended.
For Speed, Medium or Long is recommended.

When correct, presslCLEARpo return to the Main Menu Directory.

3.10.5 NAV Setups - GPS

This section covers the NAV SETUP menus that are particular to GPS

operation. The

COURSE/BEARINGS

menu of the

NAV SETUPS

menu happens

to have the same operations for both Loran and GPS. The operations for
selecting magnetic bearings were covered in section 3.10.4.1. However, for
GPS operations, the

POSITION CORR

.

and

AVERAGING

menus are unique to

GPS and are discussed in the following paragraphs.

3.10.5.1 Position Corrections - GPS

In the NAV 398 there are actually three forms of correction available in the

GPS mode. They are:

l Geodetic datum
l Manual L/L correction
l Manual TD correction

When the GPS sensor converts the ranging measurements from the satellites
into Lat/Lon coordinates it uses a mathematical formula (or datum) to arrive
at the L/L solution. In preparing charts or maps, cartographers also rely on a
particular mathematical formula or geodetic datum (scaling system)on which
to calibrate the Latitude/Longitude coordinate structure of the charts. The
type of datumused to make the chart is normally listed on the chart in the
table area.

OPERATION 3-52

Geodetic Datums

Mariners may find considerable errors (up to 200 meters) in plotting own
ship’s position if their charts were created using one type of geodetic data
system while the GPS calculates positions using another data system.

TheNAV 398 can program the

RAYSTAR

108 to provide position calculations
utilizing several geodetic data systems. For maximum plotting accuracy, you
should set the GPS to match the datum used for your marine chart. The

datums available in the

Raystar

108 are listed below and in Table A on the

following page:

1

1.

WGS-84

POSITION CORR GPSl1

2. WGS-72

3.

BESSEL (JAPAN)

4. NAD-27 (USA)
5

NAD-27 (CANADA)

6. EURO-50 (Europe)

7.

AUST-66 (Australia)

8.OSGB-36

9.

NAD-83

L

1

WSITION

10. Other datums (see table)

When the POSITION

CORR. GPSl

menu is dis­played the screen displays the current Geodetic
datumused by the GPS sensor. To move through
the datum list and select a different datum, press

GEODETICSYSTEM~~~~~~

down

GEODETIC SYSTEM

N 00.00’

w 00.00’

PREsscLEhRm6xlT

COFUI

DGPS BEACON SELECT

PREsclEARmmrr

WQS-W

0.6~1s

3.1

rs

­PREvlous 8,

11

LIIJL

II

NM

,

GPSZ

Am @I

(1

Iv

$1

1

to scroll the datum list.

Datums named on the list above will appear first in the sequence. When the
two digit numbers appear, continue holding the key until the desired number
is displayed. The numbers correspond to the datums listed on Table A. When

the datum or datum number you desire is displayed, it will become the datum
used for L/L calculations.

If you are finished with this menu, press

MAIN MENU

Directory.

Presqmqone

them[key

to return to the

more time to get back to the normal

navigating screens.

Table A: ADDITIONAL GEODETIC DATUMS

NO.

11
12
13
14
15

16
17

18

19

20
21
22
23
24
25
26
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36

37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46

47 TIMBALAI 1984

DATUM AREA SERVICE AREA

ADINDAN
ARC 1950
AUSTRALIAN GEODETIC 1984
BERMUDA 1957
BOGOTA OBSERVATORY
CAMP0 INCHAUSPE

CHATHAM 197 1

CHUO ASTRO
CORREGO ALEGRE

DJAKARTA (VATAVIA)
EUROPEAN 1979
GEODETIC DATUM 1949
GUAM 1963

HAYFORD 1910

HJORSEY 1955
INDIAN

KERTAU 1948

L.C. 5 ASTRO
LIBERIA 1964
LUZON
MERCHICH
MINNA
NAHRWAN
NAPARIMA, BWI
OLD EGYPTIAN
OLD HAWAIIAN
PICO DE LAS NIEVES

PROV.SO.AMERICAN 1956

PROV. SOUTH CHILEAN
PUERTO RICO

QOWOQ

RT90

SANTA BRAZ
SOUTH AMERICAN 1969

SOUTHWEST BASE

Ethiopia and Sudan
Botswana

Australia
Bermuda Islands

Colombia

Argentina

Chatham Island

Paraguay
Brazil
Sumatra
Europe
New Zealand
Guam
Finland
Iceland
Ireland
West Malaysia & Singapore

Cayman Brat Island

Liberia

Philippines
Morocco
Cameroon
Oman

Trinidad & Tobago

Emt

Hawaiian Islands
Canary Islands
South America
South Chile
Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands
South Greenland
Sweden
Sao Maguel. Santa Maria Is
South America

Faial, Graciosa, Pica, Sao Jorge
&

Terceira Island

Brunei & East Malaysia

OPERATION 3-54

Manual Lat/Lon Corrections

Although its not very likely that you will choose to correct your GPS L/L

position with any type of manual corrections, the means to do so is included

in the NAV 398 menus. Manual corrections would not be efficient because
the variable errors introduced by the “selective availability” mode to the GPS
satellites negates such fine calibration attempts. GPS fix improvements are
much more likely to occur when the differential Beacon receiver is providing
dynamic corrections to the GPS sensor.

However, to “calibrate” your GPS to the NAVigation charts by using fixed.

correction factors added or subtracted to

Lat/Lon

readouts use

theU/L

correction procedure for loran operation described in paragraph 3.13.2.4. to
determine the needed correction values. Please refer to the description in that
section for further details.

Press

thdrd

softkey.

The A L/L characters will become highlighted

by a reverse block.

Type the numbers of the Lat correction value
and press
Use the softkey, if necessary, to set the desired
direction. Then

Now type the digits for the Longitude correc-

tion and press

-1

. The N/S prompt appears.

press//l.

-1.

The E/W prompt now

GEODETIC SYSTEM

N 00. 00’

w

WGS-84

14L lb

00.00’

NM

I)

I)

appears. Use the softkey again to set the correct

direction, if necessary. Then press

the[ENTER

key to finish inputing the correction.

The L/L position correction that is entered for
GPS is only used for GPS mode. If a L/L cor­rection is made for the loran sensor, that correc­tion value is only used for the loran.

PREsscl.EhRTourr

Correction for GPS TDs

When

thepq

key is pressed on the

POSITION CORR

. GPS 1 menu the GPS2
menu appears. The first softkey/rTiD)can be used to input some offsets to
the TD readouts that are converted from the GPS L/L coordinates. Essentially
this menu entry functions in the same manner as the TD corrections for Loran
already discussed in section 3.13.2.3. Please refer again to the instructions
provided in that section.

OPERATION 3-55

3.10.5.2 Differential Beacon Operation

Ordinarily the Raytheon DGPS Beacon receiver works automatically to find
and track the radiobeacon providing differential GPS corrections in your
area. When the beacon is being received, “DGPS” is displayed in the message
area at the bottom of the various display modes.

The Beacon receiver is capable of operation in a [
Manual Tuning mode via the NAV 398 menu. To
access the DGPS menus, the DGPS beacon receiver
must be connected, receiving a beacon signal, and

providing correction signals to the GPS sensor. The
message

1

DGPS BEACON SELECT

"NO

CONNECT

"

will not appear and when the

1 softkey

is pressed, the DGPS

menus will appear.

T~~BEACONSTATUS

A

display

is the first screen. The “A” indi­cates the receiver is operating in
the automatic mode. The fre­quency of the beacon is dis­played.

Each beacon operates at an as-

FREQUENCY

c

signed frequency. Usually bea-

cons operating in the same area
are assigned different frequen­cies, so they are easily identified.

t+mrtoN CORR

DGPSBEACONSELECT

pREssu6ARToExlT

DGP6 BEACON STATUS

FREGUENCY

206

BAUD RATE

100 mull

RSSI

56

mmsammm

KHZ

AUTO.

MANU)

1 DGPsGEAcoN

mmc@@Q

THEN PRESS ENTER

0.6~1s

3.1us

-

A

0

SEAGCH!ZlEP

GPSZ

d0 1,

PREVIOUS I)

AUTO1

)

[I

I

The baud rate of the data transmission is displayed. Although the baud rate
can range between 50 to 300 baud, most beacons are currently transmitting
at 100 baud.

The third item on the screen is “RSSI”. The RSSI is the signal strength of

the received signal.

If

thelJsoftkey

is pressed you can set the frequency steps the beacon
receiver should use in its’ search mode. The selections are 1 Khz or 500 Hz
steps. Although a few beacons operate at XXX.5 Khz intervals, most

beacons operate at XXX Khz. So, setting this to 1Khz will provide a faster

search and acquisition of the beacon in AUTO mode.

OPERATION 3-56

When the

-1

softkey

is pressed the screen changes so you may type

in the frequency and baud rate of your desired beacon.

DGPS Beacon Transmitter

On this menu you should type the frequency and press

type in the baud rate and press the

-1

Freq

Baud

thejjkey.

key. When the-key is

Then

pressed following the baud rate entry, the screen will return to the last used
display mode screen.

Initially manual tuning to beacons is probably unnecessary. As the DGPS

system becomes more developed and beacons are more numerous towards

1996, it is possible that more than one strong beacon signal may be picked
up in some areas. Manual tuning assures that only the desired beacon will be
received.

3.10.5.3 Averaging for GPS

When, in GPS mode, the

AVERA

GING GPS

screen appears, you can see that

only one averaging filter is used for both the L/L position readouts and the

Speed readouts for the GPS mode.

Pressing the softkey changes the averaging selection for readouts between

SHORT, MED, and LONG . When the desired Averaging level is highlighted

by the block, press thelCLEAR(key to step back to the Main Menu Directory.

Press-1

one more time to get back to the normal display modes.

OPERATION 3-57

SECTION4

MAINTENANCE

4.1 General

Maintaining satisfactory operation of your
you care for the equipment. The simple maintenance tips that follow can
save you time and money, as well as prevent unnecessary premature failures.

l

Always keep the equipment as clean as possible.

NAV 398

can depend on how well

Use a soft clean cloth for cleaning the surface filter, control panel, etc.
not use abrasive cleansers, chemical cleaners or solvents.
or a suitable general purpose detergent.

l

Periodically check the system hardware.

Inspect antennas and mounts, making sure all components are free of
corrosion and mounted securely. Examine all cables for evidence of chafing
or abrasions. Make sure connections to the ship’s DC power and RF ground
system are clean and tight. A light coating of a high insulation silicon grease

(such as Dow Corning DC-4) on connector pins can protect the plug contacts
from corrosion.

4.2 Replacing The Fuse

Your

NAV 398

is a 2 amp fuse and protects the ship’s DC power line in the event of an over
current condition in the
spare parts Kt supplied with your NAV unit.

If the

NAV 398

if necessary. The fuse is released from the fuse holder by gripping each end
of the fuse holder assembly, slightly press the two sections together, and then
apply a half twist counter-clockwise to the cap end. After replacing the fuse
in the holder re-assemble the fuse holder by applying pressure in the reverse
direction.

has its fuse protection in the power cable assembly. The fuse

NAV 398.

will not turn “ON”, the fuse should be checked and replaced,

A replacement fuse is included with the

Use glass cleaners

Do

MAINTENANCE

4-l

4.3 Replacing The Battery

Both the

NAV

398

and the

RAYSTAR

108

GPS

sensor units contain internal
memories to store your position and other set-up information. A lithium
back-up battery keeps this memory information intact even when the units
are disconnected from the ship’s battery.

The estimated life span of the internal memory battery is from three to five

years. If a battery should fail, the memory contents will be lost.

While both the

without their batteries, the 298 would not retain its

the

RAYSTAR

NAV

398

108

and

RAYSTAR

108

GPS sensor can be operated

waypoint

memory, and

would require a time consuming cold start-up each time
you use the units. This would be extremely inconvenient. To insure trouble-

free

operation, it is recommended that the battery be replaced every three
years with an exact replacement lithium battery by your Authorized
Raytheon dealer or by the Raytheon Factory Service Center.

4.4 Master Reset

The NAV 398 unit is a microprocessor based equipment, and like most

computers, it runs smoothly and efficiently in normal use. However, under

extremely rare conditions, (for example: during very low and intermittent
DC input power conditions, such as while starting engines) the unit could

“hang up” or “freeze”. If this condition should occur, re-boot the

NAV 398

with a Master Reset when the DC power condition has been normalized.

There are two types of Master Resets available:

l

Hard Reset - Clears all

waypoint

memories and resets the unit to the

default settings.

l

Soft Reset - Only resets the default settings, but does not effect the

waypoint memories.

Typical Default Settings:

Latitude Direction = North
Magnetic Variation = On
Averaging L/L = Med

Display Mode =

"NAV

398"

Backlighting = Off

Hard reset only:

Waypoint

Memories = 0

I

Longitude Direction = West

Position Corrections = Off
Units = NMiKTS
Arrival Alarm = 0.10 nm
Other Alarms = 0.00 nm

Route Plan Memories = 0

WPT Destination = 00 (No XTE bargraph or digits)

MAINTENANCE 4-2

HARD RESET

SOL

RESET:

:

Turn the unit to OFF with

(pos/ljkey and press

Turn the unit to OFF with

]m]key

and press

them]

the]-]

them[key.

Press and hold the

key to turn the unit ON.

themd

key. Press and hold the

key to turn the unit ON.

In each case following the reset, the

NAV 398

display changes to

“Ent Lat”

screen of the the Auto Start-up sequence and will prompt you to re-enter the

Latitude and Longitude initial position coordinates.

4.5 Troubleshooting Chart
SYMPTOM

CHECK

No Power Input Check in-line fuse. If blown,

replace with 2 Amp fuse.

Not Receiving

SNR readings = 0

Check Sensor connections.

Check Signal Status.

Check Initial settings.
Check Est. L/L entry.
Check GRI is correct.

Lat/Lon reading does

not change.

Lat/Lon readings have

constant error.
WPT BRG incorrect.

DTG appears correct.

Check Est. L/L entry. Re-enter

if error of more than 2 degrees.

Check position corrections for
invalid entries.

Check magnetic correction is ON.

Check if ASF is ON; Is

WPT

correct?

2

4.6 SPECIFICATIONS

4.6.1 General
Memories:

Waypoint

Event Marks:

Waypoint

Entry:
Route Plans:
Ships’ Track:

500; Name WPTs w/8 characters.

Saves to next available WPT memory.

or user select, w/date stamp & Nav type

L/L,

TDs,

10 plans; up to 20 waypoints max.

300 point memory

MAINTENANCE 4-3

.

. 0.

Sensor Inputs:

Alarms:

Data Output:

Data Output Rate:

Data Input:

Display type:
Display Backlighting:
Memory Back-up:
Input Voltage:

Power Consumption:

4.6.2 Display Data

Latitude/Longitude:

TD Pair:

Stations:
Satellite Data:
Waypoints:

Bearing & Range:

Time-To-Go:

Speed & Course:

Receiving Status:

Cross-track-error:

Corrections:

Loran-C, GPS

Waypoint

Arrival, Anchor Drift,

Cross-Track-Error, Man-Overboard,

“NO FIX” for poor signal inputs.

Single Port; NMEA

NMEA 0 183 includes

0180/0183 & SeaTalk;

GLL, GTD, VTG, APB,

RMC , BWC, RMA, and RMB.
Every 2 seconds for RMA or RMC, & RMB
every 4 seconds for all other data.

From GPS Sensor; accepts NMEA 0183 GLL,

VTG, RMC, GGA.

From Loran Sensor; accepts NMEA 0 183

GLL, GTD,
Data Input Port; NMEA 0183

VTG,RMA,

WPL, RTE

STN LCD, Dot Matrix 240 x 240dots

FL panel
Lithium Battery, 3-5 years

lo-16 VDC

Less than 6 watts

N or S + 6 digits,

E or W + 7 digits,

.OOl

min. resolution

.OOl

min. resolution
6 digits, 0.1 us resolution, for each
selected Time Difference.
GRI and Selected Secondaries.
Sat ID, Azimuth, Elevation, SNR, HDOP

Lat/Lon and TD coordinates displayed.

Bearing & Range to waypoints, and between
waypoints in a route plan.

Remaining time to

waypoint

at current
speed in hours and minutes.
SOG & COG calculated from L/L position
changes; Averaging period selectable.

Tracking status, SNR, and ECDs
of MASTER and selected secondaries.
Shows di%ance off-course in O.Olnm

increments.

1) Magnetic Variation, Auto/Manual

2) Position Offset (ASF) via:
a. Auto DMA ASF program (Note:

upgraded to most recent tables)

1

MAINTENANCE 4-4

b. Manual entry for L/L or TDs

Man-Overboard Mode:

Range, bearing, COG & SOG, and
alarms for emergency search conditions.

Languages:

English, French, Spanish, Norwegian, Italian,
German

Warning Indicators:

“ERR” for Low SNR, Blink, Cycle
selection, no L/L solution. On-screen
indicator and audible alert for Arrival,
XTE, or Anchor Watch alarms.

4.6.3 Physical and Environmental

0’

Operating Temperature:

to 50’ C (32’ to 122 ’ F)
Weight: 1.4kg. (3 lb)
Dimensions:

11.05H x 195.5 W x 6.8D cm

4.35H

x

Specifications are subject to change without notice

7.7W

x

2.7D

inches

MAINTENANCE 4-5