Raymar Alliance V.34M, Alliance V.34, Alliance V.32/14.4, Alliance V.32, Alliance V.32/19.2M Instruction Manual

...

Alliance Series Modems

Instruction Manual

 Alliance V.34M  Alliance V.34  Alliance V.32/19.2M  Alliance V.32/19.2  Alliance V.32/14.4M  Alliance V.32/14.4  Alliance V.32M  Alliance V.32

0049-2702-XXX Alliance Series Modems – USER MANUAL 08/05/2010 Rev. A

Raymar Information Technology, Inc.

7325 Roseville Road

Sacramento, CA 95842

800-695-1951

Fax: 916-783-1952

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About the Alliance Series Modems:

The Alliance Series modems are easy to use and can operate in a variety of applications. Your modem is initially configured to operate in Hayes emulation mode, but can be easily reconfigured for other applications, as explained in Chapter 1.

Before operating the modem, it is advised that the applicable notices in Appendix F of this manual be read. Appendix F includes pertinent Government regulatory information and Government recommendations concerning operation of the modem.

About this Manual:

The products and programs described in this User’s Guide are licensed products of Raymar-Telenetics. This User’s Guide contains proprietary information protected by copyright, and this User’s Guide and all accompanying hardware and documentation are copyrighted.

Raymar-Telenetics does not warrant that the hardware will work properly in all environments and applications, and makes no warranty and representation, either implied or expressed, with respect to the quality, performance, merchantability, or fitness for a particular purpose.

Information in this User’s Guide is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Raymar-Telenetics. Raymar-Telenetics assumes no responsibility for any inaccuracies that may be contained in this User’s Guide.

Raymar-Telenetics makes no commitment to update or keep current the information in this User’s Guide, and reserves the right to make changes to this User’s Guide and/or product without notice.

No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval systems, for any purpose other than the purchaser's personal use, without the express written permission of RaymarTelenetics.

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TABLE of CONTENTS

1. GETTING STARTED..........................................Page 1

2. OPTIONS: CUSTOMIZING THE MODEM

SETUP........................................................Page 21

3. GENERAL OPERATION & SPECIAL

FEATURES................................................Page 69

4. HAYES EMULATION MODE...........................Page 108

5. V.25bis AUTODIALER.......................................Page 135

6. DIAGNOSTICS...................................................Page 141

7. APPENDIX A – TECHNICAL DATA ..............Page 157

8. APPENDIX B – QUICK SETUP

CONFIGURATION..........................................Page 162

9. APPENDIX C – QUICK-CHANGE

CONFIGURATION SCREENS........................Page 173

10. APPENDIX D – CONNECTORS,

ADAPTERS and JUMPERS..............................Page 184

11. APPENDIX E – LOW-PROFILE

RACK-MOUNT MODEM................................Page 190

12. APPENDIX F – REGULATORY NOTICES.....Page 193

13. LIMITED WARRANTY ………………………Page 196

14. RMA PROCEDURE ………………………….. Page 197

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CHAPTER ONE – GETTING STARTED

This instruction manual applies to the following Alliance Series modems:

• Alliance V.34M (ALX V.34M)

• Alliance V.34 (ALX V.34)

• Alliance V.32/19.2M (ALX V.32/19.2M)

• Alliance V.32/19.2 (ALX V.32/19.2)

• Alliance V.32/14.4M (ALX V.32/14.4M)

• Alliance V.32/14.4 (ALX V.32/14.4)

• Alliance V.32M (ALX V.32M)

• Alliance V.32 (ALX V.32)

The primary difference between the Alliance (ALX) models is the maximum speed (data rate), as indicated above. Another significant difference is that the ALX V.34 and V.34M comply with ITU-T Recommendation V.34, while all other models comply with ITU-T V.32/V.32bis. “M,” as in “ALX V.34M,” indicates that the modem is network manageable (it can be managed using Raymar-Telenetics’ network management software). Other differences are explained later in this manual.

For simplicity, all models are referred to in this manual as the “ALX modem” or “the ALX.” However, if a specific feature, option, etc., applies only to a specific model or models, this is clearly stated. Otherwise, all instructions and other information apply to all Alliance Series modems listed above.

All information applies to both the stand-alone and full-size rack-mount versions of the abovelisted modems. Specialized low-profile rack-mount versions, designed for use in high-density rack enclosures, are described in Appendix E.

Quick Setups for a Quick Start

The simplest way to setup the ALX modem for immediate use is to select one of the factory-preset Quick Setup configurations. Quick

Setups are explained beginning on page 8.

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INSTALLATION

Unpacking

Keep the original shipping carton in case it is necessary to return the modem for any reason. Failure to comply may result in voiding the warranty.

In addition to the ALX modem, the shipping carton should contain:

• A power transformer (with cable attached)

• A two-conductor crossover cable (for a dial line connection)

• A four-conductor cable (for a leased line connection)

If the modem will be operated in a manual dial mode, you will also need a standard telephone set.

Cables To connect the modem to a dial line, use the provided two-conductor cable. To connect the modem to a leased line, use the provided four-conductor cable. To set up the ALX for Leased Line AutoRecovery, use both cables to connect the leased line and a (backup) dial line. To connect the

modem to the DTE (data terminal equipment, usually a computer), use a TIA/EIA RS-232 interface cable (not supplied).

Connections

Figure 1-1 shows how the modem is connected to the computer or terminal, power, phone lines and handset (optional). Do not install the modem more than 50 feet from the DTE. DTE speeds greater than 19.2 Kbps require a much shorter low-capacitance DTE interface cable.

For all applications:

• Use a TIA/EIA RS-232 interface cable (not supplied) to connect the modem connector

marked “DTE” to the computer or other DTE.

• Attach the power transformer cable to the modem receptacle marked “POWER,” and

plug the other end into a 117 VAC power outlet.

For dialup applications:

• Use the supplied two-conductor crossover cable to connect the modem connector labeled

“TX DIAL” to the dial telephone line modular wall jack. Do not bundle the phone cable and TIA/EIA interface cables together.

• Optional: If you want to use the telephone line for voice transmissions (when the ALX is

not operating in data mode) or for manual dial operation, plug a standard telephone set into the jack in the rear of the modem labeled “PHONE.”

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For leased line applications:

• Use the supplied four-conductor cable to connect the modem connector labeled

“LEASED LINE” into the leased line modular wall jack (type USOC JM8). Do not bundle the leased line and TIA/EIA interface cables together.

If your application requires an 8-pin connector, use the alternate leased line connector shown in Figure 1-1 instead of the 6-pin “LEASED LINE” connector. To use the alternate connector, you will need to provide your own cable. (See Appendix A for pinout information.)

The same cable is used whether the leased line is a 4-wire or 2-wire line. In a 4-wire application, the green and red wires are the TRANSMIT pair, and the yellow and black wires are the RECEIVE pair. For a 2-wire line, only the green and red wires are used.

Figure 1-1. Installation of the ALX modem

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Jumpers

For most applications, do not change the internal jumper switches. However, jumper switches must be changed if you need to connect frame ground to signal ground, switch from A/A1 control to MI/MIC control, change the function of TIA/EIA pin 25 (test mode indicator, by default) or use the ALX in a DC rack enclosure. For detailed jumper information, see Appendix D.

FRONT PANEL LCD and CONTROLS

This section explains how to use the liquid crystal display (LCD) and pushbuttons on the modem’s front panel (Figure 1-2). You will need to use the LCD and pushbuttons to select a Quick Setup configuration, as explained in the next section.

Figure 1-2. Pushbuttons and LCD on the modem’s front panel

How to Use the Pushbuttons

By using the front panel pushbuttons, you can make selections as indicated on the LCD to choose option settings, initiate tests and perform other operations. (In Hayes mode, many of these features can be accessed via the front panel or by using AT commands.) The possible choices for each option are shown on the LCD and on the LCD flow chart in the back of this manual.

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Arrow Pushbuttons The left arrow ( ) and right arrow ( ) pushbuttons are used to display additional or previous screens that are part of the same menu. See Figure 1-3.

If a menu has more than one screen, each screen is numbered in the upper right corner, as follows: <2>. (See the screen represented below.) If a menu has no screen number, it has only one screen. Additional menu screens, where present, show additional option selections.

Numbered Pushbuttons Pushbuttons 1, 2 and 3 correspond to segments 1, 2 and 3 of the LCD screen. These segments (left, middle and right positions of the LCD screen) are numbered on the modem’s front panel. To make a selection from a menu screen, push the button with the same number as the selection you want.

With respect to how the LCD flow chart is organized, pushbuttons 1, 2 and 3 take you to a lower level – or, where there is no route to a lower level, select an option setting.

Figure 1-3. Summary of pushbutton control functions.

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ENT Pushbutton To exit from a displayed screen, press the ENT (enter) pushbutton. With respect to how the LCD flow chart is organized, pushing the ENT button moves you upward through the chart (toward the MAIN MENU).

If you become lost, press the ENT button repeatedly to return to screen 1 of the MAIN MENU. Pressing ENT repeatedly after you have arrived at MAIN MENU screen 1 causes the LCD to alternate between the TIA/EIA status screen and the MAIN MENU. (In the case of most tests, the ENT button cannot be used to exit the test screen once the test has been activated; you must first press the ENT button and then select OFF to end the test.)

Note: If you have selected a Quick Setup or have changed certain option settings, pressing the ENT button as you exit the SETUP menu causes the modem to rest.

DEC/INC (Decrease/Increase) Screens Many option screens show the abbreviations DEC and INC on the bottom line of the LCD display, with option settings shown on the top line (usually to the right). On most DEC/INC screens, you can cycle through the available option settings by pressing pushbutton 1 (DEC) or pushbutton 3 (INC). (DEC decreases numerical values, INC increases them.) When you see the setting you want, press pushbutton 2 to select it. The setting will flash, indicating that it is selected.

A few of the DEC/INC screens are used to enter or change a text or number string one digit or one character at a time (for example, the PHONE CELL, ADDRESS and PASSWORD screens). Special instructions for these screens are included later in this manual.

Power-On Screen

When the ALX modem is powered on, the LCD momentarily displays the power-on screen, which typically looks like this:

The top line identifies the modem type and model. The bottom line shows the revision level of the software used in the ALX modem. If you need to call Raymar-Telenetics’ Technical Support

Group with a question or service problem, please be prepared to provide the software revision level of your unit.

After showing the power-on screen for about 2 seconds, the ALX displays the TIA/EIA status screen.

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TIA/EIA Status Screen

The TIA/EIA status screen, shown below, indicates the operational status of the ALX as well as the condition of certain TIA/EIA RS-232 leads. The abbreviations that may appear are identified below; however, typically, only a few of these abbreviations will be displayed during actual operation.

Status screen abbreviations:

D Dial line occupied R Ringing (R appears in same position as D) S Connection secured by security handshake (S appears in same position as D. S and D may flash alternately.) TR Data Terminal Ready MR Data Set Ready RS Request to Send CS Clear to Send TD Transmit Data

28.8, 19.2, 14.4, 9600, 4800, etc. Transmitter (TX) data rate, or link rate in Kbps (thousand bits per second) or bps (bits per second). Speed of data transmission on the line.

TM Test mode ER Error (poor signal quality) CD Carrier Detect RD Receive Data

Codes beginning with “H” (such as H-01) in the lower left corner of the status screen indicate

that the ALX is handshaking with another modem (attempting to establish a connection). When the modem is off-line, the work “idle” is displayed in the same position.

(Additional status screens are described in Chapter 6.)

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QUICK SETUP

To quickly set up the ALX modem for immediate use (or to quickly change the modem’s configuration for an alternate mode of operation), select one of the factory-preset Quick Setup configurations (Table 1-1).

When a Quick Setup is selected, the ALX automatically sets all of its options to the settings that best suit the application type (Quick Setup) you have selected. Selecting a Quick Setup overwrites previously stored option settings but does not affect telephone numbers which may be stored in the modem’s memory.

You may later customize a Quick Setup configuration by changing specific option settings (Chapter

2).

How to Select a Quick Setup

To select (activate) a Quick Setup configuration, follow the steps below. While doing so, it may be helpful to refer to the LCD flow chart in the back of this manual.

1. Press the ENT (enter) pushbutton on the modem’s front panel.

Screen 1 of the MAIN MENU will be displayed:

You may have to press the ENT button two or more times to see screen 1 of the MAIN MENU. This will depend on which screen is displayed initially.

2. Press pushbutton 2.

Screen 1 of the QUICK SETUP menu will be displayed:

3. Move to the QUICK SETUP screen that shows the configuration you want.

Use the right arrow button to move from QUICK SETUP screen 1 to the QUICK SETUP screen for the configuration you want. You may also use the left arrow button to move “backward” through the QUICK SETUP menu.

** There is a QUICK SETUP screen for each Quick Setup configuration. For a brief description of each Quick Setup configuration, see Table 1-1.

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4. When the LCD shows the Quick Setup configuration you want, press pushbutton 2.

This will cause the bottom line of the display to flash on and off.

5. Press the ENT button twice.

As you do this, you will see SETUP screen 1; then - after you press the ENT button a second time – the modem will reset. (It is at this point that the selected Quick Setup actually takes effect.)

The modem is now set up for the Quick Setup configuration you have selected. All options will be set as shown in Appendix B. If you want to customize the Quick Setup configuration by changing individual options, see Chapter 2. For Hayes mode options, see Chapter 4.

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Table 1-1. ALX Quick Setup Configurations

Quick Setup as

Identified on LCD

Description

2-WIRE DIAL HAYES EMULATION MODE –

This Quick Setup (for communication over ordinary phone lines) allows the ALX modem to automatically dial (autodial) a previously stored phone number and respond to Hayes commands. This mode is compatible with communication software packages that use Hayes-style “AT” commands. The Hayes mode Quick Setup is the factory default configuration for the ALX modem.

2-WIRE DIAL V.25bis MODE, ASYNCHRONOUS –

In V.25bis mode, the ALX operates in conformance with ITU-T Recommendation V.25bis, allowing you to store and direct dial or autodial phone numbers from the DTE. Use Quick Setup 2 if the DTE connected to the modem is asynchronous.

2-WIRE DIAL V.25bis MODE, SYNCHRONOUS CHARACTER ORIENTED –

Same as Quick Setup 2 except for data protocol. Use Quick Setup 3 if the DTE is synchronous character oriented (bisynchronous).

2-WIRE DIAL V.25bis MODE, SYNCHRONOUS BIT ORIENTED –

Same as Quick Setup 2 except for data protocol. Use Quick Setup 4 if the DTE is synchronous bit oriented (SDLC/HDLC).

2-WIRE DIAL DUMB MODE –

When the ALX is in Dumb mode, you can use the modem for dial answer-only applications, dial a previously stored telephone number from the front panel, or dial phone numbers via an external source (telephone).

2-WIRE LEASED LINE ORIGINATE MODE –

In Leased Line mode, the ALX connects to the leased line and stands ready to send and receive data. Use Quick Setup 6 if the leased line is a 2-wire line and you want to configure the ALX as the originate modem.

2-WIRE LEASED LINE ANSWER MODE –

Same as Quick Setup 6 except for modem answer/originate status. Use Quick Setup 7 if the leased line is a 2-wire line and you want to

International Telecommunications Union – Telecommunications Sector, formerly CCITT.

configure the ALX as the answer modem.

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4-WIRE LEASED LINE ORIGINATE MODE –

Same as Quick Setup 6 except for line type. Use Quick Setup 8 if the leased line is a 4-wire line and you want to configure the ALX as the originate modem.

4-WIRE LEASED LINE ANSWER MODE –

Same as Quick Setup 6 except for line type and answer/originate status. Use Quick Setup 9 if the leased line is a 4-wire line and you want to configure the ALX as the answer modem.

Quick Setups 10 – 16:

Some ALX models do not support all Quick Setup modes. (All support Quick Setups 01-09.) If your model does not support a particular Quick Setup mode, you will not be able to access the Quick Setup screen for that mode. For details, see Table 1-2.

V.33 LEASED LINE OPERATION –

This Quick Setup configures the ALX for V.33 operation.

2-WIRE DIAL BELL 208 OPERATION –

This Quick Setup configures the ALX for 2-wire dial operation compatible with Bell standard 208B.

2-WIRE DIAL V.3x/208 AUTO-DETECT MODE –

This Quick Setup configures the ALX to automatically select V.34, V.32bis (V.13) or Bell 208 operation, depending on the mode of the originating modem.

4-WIRE LEASED LINE V.29 MODE –

This Quick Setup configures the ALX for V.29 operation, for compatibility with V.29 modems.

V.29 FAST MASTER MODE –

This Quick Setup configures the ALX for V.29 fast train master operation, for use in a multidrop network where multiple remote ALX (slave) modems share the master ALX as the host modem.

V.29 FAST SLAVE MODE –

This Quick Setup configures the ALX for V.29 fast train slave operation, for use in a multidrop network where multiple remote ALX (slave) modems share the same ALX hose (master) modem.

2-WIRE DIAL V.27 MODE-

This Quick Setup configures the ALX for 2-wire dial operation in compliance with ITU-T V.27ter.

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Table 1-2. Quick Setup Modes

Supported by Specific ALX Models

ALX Models

Quick Setup Mode

V.32,

V.32M

V.32/14.4, V.32/14.4M, V.32/19.2, V.32/19.2M,

V.34, V.34M

Hayes (01) V.25bis (02–04) Dumb (05) Leased (06-09)

V.33 (10) N Y Bell 208 (11-12) N Y V.29 (13-15) N Opt. V.27 (16) N Opt.

Y - Yes; supported. N - No; not supported. Opt. - Optional; available only on certain versions of the listed model. V.26: Models with V.29/V.27 option also support V.26 operation. (However,

there is no V.26 Quick Setup.)

Y Y

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BASIC OPERATION

To assist you in getting the ALX modem up and running, the following sections provide basic information for each of the modem’s primary operating modes. For additional operating information, refer to the remaining chapters in this manual. If you encounter difficulty, refer to the section titled If You Have Problems at the end of this chapter.

2-Wire Dial Hayes Mode

Two-wire dial Hayes emulation mode is the factory default configuration for the ALX modem. Hayes mode operation is explained in detail in Chapter 4.

To dial a telephone number in Hayes mode, type the Hayes command AT D on your computer or terminal keyboard followed by the number you want to call, for example:

AT D 5551212 [CR]

Dashes or spaces may be included for clarity, but they are not necessary. (The ALX will ignore them.) A carriage return [CR] or period is required at the end of each command line. (On most keyboards, the carriage return [CR] key is labeled “Enter” or “Return.”) In response to the command line shown above, the ALX will dial the number 555-1212.

To dial an access code such as 9 to dial out of your building, insert the access code and a comma in the dial string:

AT D 9,5551212 [CR]

The comma causes the ALX to pause for 2 seconds after the access code before dialing the number.

When a phone number is successfully dialed, a “CONNECT” message appears on the computer screen, and the LCD on the ALX displays a status screen that typically looks like this:

TD and RD will flash (to indicate that the modem is transmitting and receiving data).

To terminate a call, first enter the escape sequence +++. When the OK response appears on the DTE screen, enter the command AT H. An alternate method is to drop the DTR signal from the DTE. If you are using a computer with a communication software program, follow the program’s instructions for initiating and terminating calls.

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2-Wire Dial V.25bis Mode

The ALX modem supports three types of V.25bis operation – asynchronous, synchronous character oriented or synchronous bit oriented. There is a Quick Setup for each V.25bis type, as shown in Table 1-1. For V.25bis operation, the modem must be configured to use the same data protocol (asynchronous, synchronous character oriented or synchronous bit oriented) – as the attached DTE. If you have selected the correct V.25bis Quick Setup, the data protocol will be set automatically to the correct setting. V.25bis mode operation and commands are explained in detail in Chapter 5.

Asynchronous V.25bis Operation For asynchronous V.25bis operation, the data format of the DTE should be set to 7 data bits with even parity and one stop bit. (Note that the default DTE interface rate is 38.4 Kbps in

asynchronous mode.)

In asynchronous applications, V.25bis commands (listed in Chapter 5) may be entered from the DTE keyboard. For example, the simplest command sequence is CRN 3331234. In response to this command, the ALX sends a VAL result code (indicating that the command has been accepted), dials the telephone number, 333-1234, and then waits for an answer tone from a distant modem. If no carrier is detected within a given time (45 seconds by default), the modem automatically releases the line and sends a CFI NT result code.

When a call is successfully connected, the TIA/EIA status screen on the ALX will typically look like this:

Synchronous V.25bis Operation

For synchronous V.25bis operation, set the data format of the DTE to 7 data bits with odd parity.

In synchronous applications, the V.25bis commands can facilitate computer-controlled operations. Synchronous bit-oriented operation uses High Level Data Link Control (HDLC) formatting. In synchronous character-oriented operation, messages are framed by synchronous start-of-text and end-of-text characters, with the start-of-text character preceded by two synchronous (SY) characters.

2-Wire Dial Dumb Mode

Dumb mode is used primarily for manual call origination, answer-only applications and in conjunction with certain dial back security systems that utilize MI/MIC signals to place the modem on-line. (If you need to configure the modem for MI/MIC use, refer to Appendix D).

After the Quick Setup for 2-wire dial Dumb mode has been selected, the ALX is configured to automatically answer incoming calls. The only other requirement is that the DTE must provide the DTR signal (TR on the TIA/EIA status screen) to the modem or DTR must be set to TRUE (using the modem’s DTR from EIA option screen).

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For additional information on dumb mode, see Chapter 3 (Front Panel Autodialing and Dumb Mode and Bell 208 Operation sections).

Leased Line (2- or 4-Wire) Mode

This section does not apply to V.33 and V.29 leased line operation; these modes are covered in subsequent sections.

The following information applies to both 2-wire and 4-wire leased line operation:

• The modem must be configured for the correct line type –

2-wire or 4-wire. If you have selected the correct Leased Line Quick Setup, the line type will be set automatically to the correct setting.

• One modem must be set to originate mode and the other to answer mode.

If you have selected the correct Leased Line Quick Setup, the answer/originate status will be set automatically to the correct setting.

• By default, V.34 leased line operation is restricted to data rates of 2400 bps or higher.

V.32 operation leased line operation is restricted to data rates of 4800 bps or higher.

• Lines can be conditioned or unconditioned.

• Leased line modes default to synchronous data type, but may be changed to

asynchronous. (If the data type is asynchronous, error correction may be used.)

After you select the appropriate Leased Line Quick Setup, the answer and originate modems will “handshake” and then connect. When the connection is established, the TIA/EIA status screen will be present. Typically this screen will look like this:

V.33 Leased Line Operation

All ALX models, except the ALX V.32 and ALX V.32M, support V.33 operation. All features, options and other information in this manual identified as V.33 mode-related apply only to models equipped for V.33 operation. If you are not sure if your modem supports V.33 operation, check the Quick Setup menu on the front panel LCD. Quick Setup 10 is present only on models that support V.33 operation.

V.33 operation is synchronous only and is restricted to speeds of 12.0 and 14.4 Kbps.

A 4-wire line must be used (conditioned or unconditioned), and both connected modems must be set for V.33 operation.

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After the V.33 Leased Line Quick Setup has been selected, the ALX immediately begins the training sequence and is ready to communicate with the other modem. The second modem to come online automatically establishes the data link; this may be either the local or remote unit.

When the local modem has established a connection with the remote unit, the TIA/EIA status screen will be present. Typically this screen will look like this:

2-Wire Dial Bell 208 Operation

All ALX models, except the ALX V.32 and ALX V.32M, support Bell 208 operation. All features, options and other information in this manual identified as Bell 208 mode-related apply only to models equipped for Bell 208 operation. If you are not sure if your modem supports Bell 208 operation, check the Quick Setup menu on the front panel LCD. Quick Setups 11 and 12 are present only on models that support Bell 208 operation.

Two Types of Bell 208 Operation

Two Bell 208 Quick Setups are available, as shown in Table 1-1. One configures the ALX for Bell 208 operation, exclusively; the other configures the ALX for V.3x/208 auto-detect mode.

Bell 208 Operation (Exclusive)

Quick Setup 11 configures the ALX for 2-wire dial synchronous operation compatible with Bell standard 208B. The data rate is fixed at 4800 bps, and the data type is set to synchronous. Both

connected modems must be set for 208B operation.

Beginning with the section titled Answering a Call Automatically, all information in the 2-Wire Dial Dumb Mode section also applies to Bell 208 operation.

V.3x/208 Auto-Detect Mode Quick Setup 12 configures the modem for V.3x/208 auto-detect mode. V.3x indicates V.34 or V.32, depending on the ALX model:

• On the ALX V.34 and ALX V.34M, Quick Setup 12 is identified on the LCD as 2-W

DIAL V.34/208. These two models automatically select V.34, V.32bis or Bell 208 mode, depending on the mode of the originating modem.

• On all other ALX modems (V.32 models), Quick Setup 12 is identified as 2-W DIAL

V.32/208. The V.32 models automatically select V.32bis or Bell 208 mode, depending on the mode of the originating modem.

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If the connection is a V.32bis connection, the ALX will default to V.13 mode (with the V.13 Operation option set to the TX AND RX selection). The ALX will not handshake in V.22bis,

V.21/V.22/V.23 or Bell 212/103 mode when it is configured for V.3x/208 auto-detect mode.

For additional information on Bell 208 operation, see Chapters 2 (Communication Standard section) and 3 (section titled Dumb Mode and Bell 208 Operation).

4-Wire Leased Line V.29 Mode

V.29/V.27/V.26 capabilities are optional on certain models (as listed in Table 1-2). All features,

options or information in this manual identified as V.29-, V.27-, V.26- related apply only to models that include the V.29/V.27/V.26 option. If you are not sure if your modem includes the V.29/V.27/V.26 option, check the Quick Setup menu on the front panel LCD. Quick Setups 13 through 16 (for V.29 and V.27) are present only on models that include the V.29/V.27/V.26 option.

The following information applies to 4-wire leased line V.29 operation:

• The modem must be configured for use with a 4-wire line.

If you have selected the 4-Wire Leased Line V.29 Quick Setup, the line type will be set automatically to the correct setting.

• Operation is restricted to data rates of 4800, 7200 and 9600 bps.

• Lines can be conditioned or unconditioned.

After you select the 4-Wire Leased Line V.29 Quick Setup, the ALX will send a training sequence and wait for a training response from the remote modem. The ALX will repeat the training sequence every 1.2 seconds until the remote modem responds.

When the local modem has established a connection with the remote unit, the TIA/EIA status screen will be present. Typically this screen will look like this:

Note: For point-to-point 4-wire leased line V.29 operation, the Auto-Retrain option should be enabled on both modems. (Auto-Retrain is enabled by default if you select the 4-Wire Leased Line V.29 Quick Setup.) If the Auto-Retrain option is disabled, the modem will not transmit a training sequence and will instead train on the data stream from the remote modem. Disabling Auto-Retrain in 4-wire leased line V.29 mode is recommended for test purposes only. If AutoRetrain is disabled, it should be disabled on both modems.

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V.34/V.32 Dial Backup

Dial backup can only be used in point-to-point applications.

To prevent service interruption in the event of poor leased line conditions, the ALX can be configured for V.29 leased line operation with V.34/V.32 dial backup. This means the ALX will use dial lines to automatically restore operation when conditions on the leased lines deteriorate. (The ALX V.34 and V.34M modems will use V.34 or V.32 modulation for dial backup. Other ALX models will use V.32 modulation.) To set up the ALX for V.29 leased line operation with dial backup, follow these steps:

1. Select the 4-wire leased line V.29 (4-WLL V.29) Quick Setup on both the local and

remote modem.

2. One modem must be set to originate mode and the other to answer mode. To make this

selection, use the ANS/ORG DEFAULT screen on the front panel LCD.

3. Configure the modems for leased line auto-recovery, as explained in Chapter 3.

V.29 Fast Master and Slave Modes (Quick Setups 14-15)

Modems used in a V.29 Fast Master and Slave (multidrop) configuration must be Alliance modems that support V.29 operation.

In multidrop operation (Figure 1-4), the master modem transmits to all of the slave (remote) modems. When the DTE at a slave site recognizes its own address in the polling protocol, it raises RTS to the slave transmitter. The slave responds by transmitting a special training sequence, then raising CTS and transmitting the data from the DTE. When the DTE has completed transmission, it lowers RTS and the modem will drop carrier to let the next modem on the poll list use the channel.

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Figure 1-4. A typical multidrop configuration

The V.29 Fast Master and Fast Slave modes support data rates of 4800, 7200 and 9600 bps. The leased lines can be conditioned or unconditioned. The master modem must be set to originate mode, and the slave modem must be set to answer mode. (The Answer/Originate option is automatically set to these settings when the V.29 Fast Master and Fast Slave Quick Setups are used.)

Slave-to-Master (Inbound) Transmission When the remote modems come on-line, they automatically synchronize to the incoming carrier and train on the data stream from the master modem. Slave-to-master transmission is always switched carrier operation under control of the RTS signal from the DTE. An anti-streaming timer built into the ALX modem will (if enabled) halt transmission if the DTE holds RTS on for more than 30 seconds. The assumption is that if RTS is held on for more than 30 seconds, there is a fault in the DTE.

If you access the TIA/EIA status screen on the LCD display when a slave modem is transmitting to the master modem, the status screen will typically look like this:

Typically TD, CD and RD will flash on the master modem, and RS, CS, TD and RD will flash on the slave modems.

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2-Wire Dial V.27 Mode

When you select the 2-Wire Dial V.27 Quick Setup, the ALX is automatically configured for V.27ter operation. V.27ter operation supports a data rate of 4800 bps only.

For information on answering, originating and terminating a call in V.27 mode, see Chapter 3, Front Panel Autodialing section and the section titled Manual Originate/Answer Operation under Dumb Mode and Bell 208 Operation. These sections apply to V.27ter operation.

IF YOU HAVE PROBLEMS . . .

If you encounter difficulties in setting up or using the modem, try the remedies described below. If you suspect a system malfunction, follow the diagnostic procedures described below. If you suspect a system malfunction, follow the diagnostic procedures described in Chapter 6. If you cannot resolve the problem, call Raymar-Telenetics’ Technical Support Group for assistance.

All Modes: Make sure all cables are properly connected to the back of the modem.

All Dial Modes (Hayes, V.25bis, Dumb, Bell 208 and V.3x/208): DTR (Data Terminal Ready) must be ON (received from DTE, or DTR from EIA option set to TRUE) if you want to use the modem’s autodial or auto-answer features. (If DTR is ON, the TR indicator will be present on the TIA/EIA status screen.)

All Asynchronous Modes:

The modem’s default DTE speed is 38.4 Kbps in asynchronous mode. If the local DTE does not support this speed, change the modem’s DTE Speed option setting. In Hayes mode, the default DTE speed is automatically overridden when the ALX is autobauded (when the Hayes mode “AT” attention code is sent to the ALX).

Hayes Mode: In Hayes mode, with default settings in effect, the ALX transmits result codes (messages) to the DTE. In some installations, this may cause undesirable interaction with the attached DTE. If such interaction occurs, result codes for incoming calls should be suppressed (using the command AT Q2).

All Leased Line Modes (2-Wire, 4-Wire, V.33 and V.29): DTR (Data Terminal Ready) must be ON for the units to train on the leased line. (If DTR is ON, the TR indicator will be present on the TIA/EIA status screen.)

Leased Line (Excluding V.33 and V.29 Operation): Make sure one modem has been set to originate mode and that the other has been set to answer mode. (If the correct Quick Setup has been selected, and not incorrectly modified, the answer/originate status should be correct.)

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CHAPTER TWO – OPTIONS: CUSTOMIZING THE MODEM SETUP

METHODS for SELECTING OPTIONS

The ALX modem allows you to easily select (change) options in order to tailor the modem’s operation to suit a particular application. Options can be selected in any of the following ways:

• Quick Setup (explained in Chapter 1) automatically sets all options according to a preset

configuration.

• Front panel option selection This is the easiest method for selecting individual option

choices. Changes are made my accessing individual option screens on the front panel LCD and then making selections using the control pushbuttons.

• Summary Setup This is the fastest way to selectively change multiple options. All

options are accessed using just a few of the LCD screens. However, because these screens show numerical codes with very little explanation, Summary Setup is recommended only for experienced users. Summary Setup is explained in Appendix C.

SELECTING OPTIONS FROM THE FRONT PANEL

This section explains how to select (change) option settings using the front panel LCD. It applies to all option screens on the LCD except the Quick Change configuration screens, which are explained in Appendix C.

* If you are not familiar with the front panel LCD and pushbuttons, see Front Panel LCD and Controls in Chapter 1 before you proceed.

Options are accessed from the SETUP menu. To access the SETUP menu, go to screen 2 of the MAIN MENU; then push button 1 to select SETUP. Then use the arrow pushbuttons to move between the six SETUP menu screens. (The SETUP menu screens and the path to each option are shown on the LCD flow chart in the back of this manual.)

Once you have located the screen that displays the option you want to view or change, select your choice by pushing the button with the same number as the selection you want. Each selection on the bottom line of the LCD is numbered either 1, 2 or 3 on the modem front panel (not on the LCD), as shown below. For example, to select HIGH from the screen shown below, press pushbutton 3.

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To select a setting from a DEC/INC screen, use pushbutton 1 or 3 to cycle through the option settings, when you see the standard you want, use pushbutton 2 to select the desired setting.

When you select a setting from an option screen, your selection flashes on and off on the LCD. However, the selection does not take effect until you leave the SETUP menu.

Note the following important points –

• Selected options do not become active until you leave the SETUP menu.

• Changing most options will cause the modem to automatically reset.

• The option choices you select are automatically saved by the ALX when you leave the

SETUP menu.

• If you access any screens from the SETUP menu and then use AT commands or V.25bis

commands before exiting from the SETUP menu, you may change the modem’s configuration with undesirable results. To prevent this, press the ENT pushbutton to exit the SETUP menu prior to issuing any AT or V.25bis commands.

Example of How to Select an Option

The example that follows illustrates how options are selected. As you follow the steps below, refer to the LCD flow chart in the back of this manual. When you are done, you can easily restore default settings for the type of application you will be using by selecting the appropriate Quick Setup (Table 1-1).

The example shows how to change the volume of the modem’s speaker from LOW or HIGH (the default setting) to MEDIUM. To make this adjustment, you must locate the SPEAKER VOLUME screen on the LCD. To reach this screen, you must first access MAIN MENU screen 2, then SETUP screen 4 and then MODEM SETUPS screen 5, as explained below:

After powering on the modem, press ENT to get the first screen of the MAIN MENU. Press the right arrow pushbutton to go to screen 2 of the MAIN MENU (so the SETUP menu can be selected):

Press pushbutton 1 to access the first screen of the SETUP menu:

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Now press the right arrow pushbutton three times; this will cause SETUP screen 4 to be displayed:

Press pushbutton 3 to select MODEM (for MODEM SETUPS). The first MODEM SETUPS screen will be displayed:

Press the right arrow pushbutton four times to reach MODEM SETUPS screen 5:

Press pushbutton 3 to select SPKVOL (speaker volume). The SPEAKER VOLUME screen will be displayed:

The currently selected setting will flash on and off. Press pushbutton 2 to switch the volume setting to MEDIUM. “MEDIUM” will flash on and off, indicating that this setting has been selected (although the new selection will not become active until you exit the SETUP menu). To return to the first screen of the MAIN MENU, press the ENT button several times.

How to Return to the TIA/EIA Status Screen If you want to return to the TIA/EIA status screen, press the ENT pushbutton several times – exactly how many times will depend on which screen you are exiting from. (If the modem is in a test mode, you must, in most cases, press ENT and then select OFF to end the test before the ENT button can be used to exit the test screen.)

Automatic Configuration Save Feature When you exit the SETUP menu, the ALX automatically saves its current configuration (i.e., option setups, including any changes you have selected) to its internal memory. The saved configuration will remain in effect until it is changed – even in the event of a loss of power.

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How to Return to Default Settings

Quick Setup The default settings are different for each of the Quick Setup configurations (2-wire dial Hayes, 2-wire dial V.25bis, etc.). To return to the Quick Setup default settings for any of these configurations, go to the QUICK SETUP menu and select the desired configuration. Selecting a Quick Setup will not delete stored phone numbers.

Factory Reset A factory reset entirely reconfigures the modem to the state it was in when shipped from the factory. All modem options are changed to the factory default settings, and any phone numbers stored in the modem’s memory are deleted. To effect a factory reset, push and hold in the right arrow pushbutton as you power up the modem until the words “FACTORY DEFAULT” appear on the LCD.

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OPTIONS

The rest of this chapter describes the options available from the ALX front panel. The options are presented in the order in which they appear in the LCD chart (in the back of this manual). For each option, all possible choices (available selections) are explained.

The line of text immediately below each option heading indicates the applicability of the option: A mode (i.e., Quick Setup mode) is listed only if the option is effective in that mode and if it can be of practical use in that mode.

For a concise summary of the ALX options and option choices, see the LCD flow chart. The default settings for each option are listed in Appendices B and C.

- Quick Setups

All modes

The Quick Setups (one for each operating mode) are unique in that they affect the entire modem configuration. For complete details, see Chapter 1 and Appendix B.

- Communication Standard (STD on the LCD)

All modes

This option (available on all models except the ALX V.32 and ALX V.32M) allows you to select a communication standard: ITU-T V.34, V.32, V.33, V.29 or Bell 208. The standard you choose specifies the primary operating mode (or modulation) the modem will use. (If you

have selected a Quick Setup, the Quick Setup automatically selects an appropriate standard, and there is usually no reason to change the Communication Standard option.)

The ALX V.34 and ALX V.34M modems normally use V.34 modulation to communicate with other V.34 modems or fallback modulations to connect with non-V.34 modems. The remaining ALX models normally use V.32bis modulation. When necessary, all models automatically fall back to other modes. You can use the Communication Standard option to select an alternate modulation: V.33, V.29 or Bell 208 – depending on the specific ALX model. (Table 1-2 lists the primary operating modes supported by each model.)

Although you can select the V.33, V.29 and Bell 208 communication standards independently of other options via the STD screen, it is recommended that you instead use the V.33, V.29, Bell 208 or V.3x/208 Quick Setup configuration, as explained in Chapter 1. This will automatically set all options as appropriate for the Quick Setup you have selected, and thereby ensure that the total modem configuration is suitable for the selected operating mode.

The Communication Standard option is not present on the ALX V.32 and V.32M.

(These two models use V.32bis modulation or automatically fall back to other modes as necessary. On these two models you cannot select a communication standard, but you can limit operation to a desired speed range by means of the Speed Limit option.)

The standard selected via the Communication Standard option may affect the Speed Limit option settings. For further explanation, see the subsequent section titled Effect on Speed Limit Option.

Available Standard Selections

The available Communication Standard selections are listed below. Use pushbutton 1 (DEC) or 3 (INC) to cycle through the selections; when you see the standard you want, use pushbutton 2 to make your selection. The currently selected standard is displayed in the STD screen (upper right corner), as shown below:

AUTO V34 This selection – automatic V.34 operation – is available on the ALX V.34 and

ALX V.34M only. It provides the broadest range of compatibility with other modems. When automatic V.34 operation is selected …

• The modem can connect at data rates from 0-300 bps to 28.8 Kbps.

• Data rates and symbol rates can be independently specified.

(See Speed Limit option later in this chapter.)

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• The ALX will use V.34 modulation to communication with other V.34 modems, but can

also automatically fall back to V.32terbo, V.32bis or other modulations for compatibility with non-V.34 modems.

V34 This selection – available on the ALX V.34 and ALX V.34M only – stipulates “V.34

only” operation:

• The ALX will connect only in V.34 mode. If it cannot establish a call in V.34 mode, it

will not connect.

• The modem can connect at all V.34 data rates – from 2400 bps to 28.8 Kbps – but will

not fall back to support rates lower than 2400 bps.

• Data rates and symbol rates can be independently specified via the Speed Limit option.

AUTO V32 This selection specifies V.32/V.32bis/V.32terbo operation (data rates up to 19.2 Kbps):

• Training will start in V.32bis mode, and the ALX will use V.32/V.32bis modulation to

communicate with other V.32 modems. It can also automatically fall back to V.32terbo or other modulations for compatibility with non-V.32 modems.

• The modem can connect at data rates from 0-300 bps to 19.2 Kbps (depending on the

specific model).

V33 V.33 operation is available for 4-wire leased line synchronous operation only. The available data rates are 14.4 and 12.0 Kbps. Either of these rates may be set as the maximum or minimum by using the Speed Limit MAX DCE RATE and MIN DCE RATE screens. Both

connected modems must be set for V.33 leased line operation.

Bell208 This selection provides Bell 208A compatibility for 2-wire or 4-wire leased line

operation and Bell 208A compatibility for 2-wire dial operation. Operation is full duplex in 4wire leased line mode only. In Bell 208B mode, synchronous V.25bis autodialing is available, but Hayes operation is not. Calls may be originated from the front panel. The data rate is fixed at 4800 bps for 208A/B operation, and the data type is synchronous only.

Both connected modems must be set for 208A/B operation. For 2-wire applications, the carrier option must be set for switched carrier operation (SWITCH) via the CARRIER screen, and CTS must be set to follow RTS (CTS to EIA option).

V3x/Bell208 This selection configures the ALX for V.3x/208 auto-detect mode (where V.3x

indicates V.34 or V.32 mode): The ALX V.34 and V.34M will automatically answer in V.34, V.32bis or Bell 208 mode, depending on the mode of the originating modem. All other ALX models (i.e. V.32 models) will automatically answer in V.32bis or Bell 208 mode, depending on the mode of the originating modem.

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Note –

• Selecting the V.3x/208 Quick Setup sets the Communication Standard option to

V3x/Bell208.

• When the Communication Standard option is set to V3x/Bell208, the ALX will not

handshake in V.22bis, Bell 212/103 or V.21/V.22/V.23 mode.

• All information in the Bell208 section above also applies to V.3x/208 auto-detect mode.

For further information on Bell 208 mode, see Chapter 3 (section titled Dumb Mode and Bell 208 Operation).

V.29 This selection is available only on models that include the V.29/V.27/V.26 option. It configures the ALX for V.29 operation (for data rates of 9600, 7200, or 4800 bps). To select a specific data rate, use the Speed Limit option to select 9600, 7200 or 4800 bps (only) as the minimum and/or maximum data rate (DCE RATE). In V.29 mode, the ALX does not support automatic rate adjustment (fallback) or error correction.

Effect on Speed Limit Option

When you select a communication standard, the Speed Limit option is automatically adjusted to the minimum and maximum data rates shown in Table 2-1. This ensures that

the Speed Limit settings are within the appropriate range for the selected standard. After you select the standard, you can change the Speed Limit settings to narrow the speed range if you want.

Table 2-1. Effect of Communication Standard

Selection on Speed Limit Setting

Selected Standard

AUTO V34 0-300 28.8 K V34 2400 28.8 K AUTO V32 0-300 19.2 K 1 V33 12.0 K 14.4 K Bell208 4800 4800 V3x/Bell208 4800 19.2 K V29 4800 9600

ALX V.32/14.4 and V.32/14.4M: 14.4 K; ALX V.32 and V.32M: 9600 bps

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Speed Limit setting: data rate, bps

Minimum Maximum

V.34 Options

The options listed in this section apply to V.34 operation only and are available on the

ALX V.34 and ALX V.34M only.

For normal operation, the V.34 options should not be changed from the default

settings. Other settings are intended only for troubleshooting purposes and should be used only by appropriately trained personnel.

Channel Probing Options

- Channel Probing

Hayes, V.25bis, dumb, leased line modes (V.34 operation only)

The Channel Probing option allows you to specify whether or not the modem will probe the phone line (channel) to determine the channel characteristics and adjust itself accordingly when establishing a V.34 connection.

ENABLE If channel probing is enabled, the modem will use periodic signals to examine the characteristics of the channel before making a connection, and adjust its symbol rate, carrier frequency and pre-emphasis filter settings accordingly. The modem can also adjust its transmit level, if necessary, if the Transmit Level Adjustable by Probing option is enabled.

DISABLE If channel probing is disabled, the symbol rate, carrier frequency, pre-emphasis filter selection and transmit level will be determined by the settings of these options (respectively): Symbol rate (MAX TX SYM), Mandatory Carrier, Pre-Emphasis Filter and Transmit Level.

- Transmit Level Adjustable by Probing (TX LEVEL ADJUST)

Hayes, V.25bis, dumb, leased line modes (V.34 operation only)

This option allows you to control whether or not the transmit level can be lowered as a result of probing.

ENABLE Transmit level can be lowered.

DISABLE Transmit level cannot be lowered.

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Symbol Options

- Asymmetric Symbol Rates

Hayes, V.25bis, dumb, leased line modes (V.34 operation only)

This option allows you to specify whether the modem’s transmitter and receiver symbol rates will always be equal (symmetric) or whether they may be different from one another (asymmetric).

(To set maximum and minimum symbol rates, see the Speed Limit section. To specify symmetric or asymmetric data rates, see Asymmetric Data Rates later in this section.)

ENABLE Allows the transmitter and receiver symbol rates to be different.

DISABLE Forces the symbol rates to be equal – both are equal to the lower symbol rate (i.e.

transmitter rate or receiver rate).

- Optional Symbol Rates

Hayes, V.25bis, dumb, leased line modes (V.34 operation only)

Three symbol rate options are available through the OPTIONAL SYMBOL screen: These options allow you to specify whether or not optional symbol rates (3429, 2800 and 2743 sym/s) will be supported when the ALX makes V.34 connections. First select 3429, 2800 or 2743 from the OPTIONAL SYMBOL screen, and then select ENABLE or DISABLE for the selected rate. You can select Enable or Disable independently, in any combination, for the three symbol rates.

- Asymmetric Data Rates

Other V.34 Options

Hayes, V.25bis, dumb, leased line modes (V.34 operation only)

This option allows you to specify whether the modem’s transmitter and receiver on-line data rates (28.8, 26.4, 24.0 Kbps, etc.) will be symmetric (always equal) or whether they may be different (asymmetric).

(To set maximum and minimum data rates, see the Speed Limit section. To specify symmetric or asymmetric symbol rates, see Asymmetric Symbol Rates in this section.)

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ENABLE Allows the transmitter and receiver data rates to be different.

DISABLE Forces the data rates to be equal – both are equal to the lower data rate (i.e.,

transmitter rate or receiver rate).

- Trellis Coding Type

Hayes, V.25bis, dumb, leased line modes (V.34 operation only)

This option allows the user to define the type of trellis coding to be used by the modem receiver during V.34 connections. The available selections are NEG (Negotiable), 16S (16 state), 32S (32 state) and 64S (64 state).

- Pre-Emphasis Filter (PRE-EMPH)

Hayes, V.25bis, dumb, leased line modes (V.34 operation only)

Pre-emphasis is an equalization method that compensates for amplitude distortion. The preemphasis filter option determines which type of pre-emphasis filter will be used by the remote modem transmitter during V.34 operation.

0 through 10 These selections – effective only if channel probing is disabled – specify that the selected filter (index 0 through 10) will be used.

NEGOTIABLE (NEG) The ALX will determine which pre-emphasis filter to use, based on channel probing.

INTELLIGENT (INT) This selection is reserved for future use.

- Mandatory Carrier

Hayes, V.25bis, dumb, leased line modes (V.34 operation only)

This option – effective only if Channel Probing is disabled – allows you to specify that the carrier frequency will be low or high.

- Precoding

Hayes, V.25bis, dumb, leased line modes (V.34 operation only)

Precoding is an equalization method that uses information provided by the remote modem to reduce equalizer noise enhancement caused by amplitude distortion.

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NEGOTIABLE (NEG) The ALX determines whether precoding will be used or not.

ON Precoding is forced on (always on).

OFF Precoding is forced off (always off).

- Shaping

Hayes, V.25bis, dumb, leased line modes (V.34 operation only)

Constellation shaping is a method for improving noise immunity.

NEGOTIABLE (NEG) The ALX determines whether constellation shaping will be used or not.

ON Constellation shaping is forced on (always on).

OFF Shaping is forced off (always off).

- Nonlinear Encoding (NONLIN ENCOD)

Hayes, V.25bis, dumb, leased line modes (V.34 operation only)

Nonlinear encoding is a method for reducing signal distortion.

NEGOTIABLE (NEG) The ALX determines whether nonlinear encoding will be used or not.

NO Nonlinear encoding is forced on (always on).

OFF Nonlinear encoding is forced off (always off).

- Phase 4 Training Constellation (PH4 CONST)

Hayes, V.25bis, dumb, leased line modes (V.34 operation only)

The Phase 4 Training Constellation option allows you to specify a 4-point or 16-point signal constellation during the final phase of training (phase 4) – or you can configure the modem to make this determination.

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NEGOTIABLE (NEG) The ALX determines whether the signal constellation will be a 4- point constellation or a 16-point constellation.

16 QAM The ALX will use a 16-point constellation.

4 QAM The ALX will use a 4-point constellation.

- End of V.34 Options -

- Line Type

All modes

2W-D 2-wire dial line; used for dialup applications.

2W-LL 2-wire leased line; for leased line applications that use 2-wire lines.

4W-LL 4-wire leased line; for leased line applications that use 4-wire lines.

- Speed Limit

All modes

The Speed Limit option (accessible by selecting SPEED from SETUP screen 1) allows you to set a minimum and maximum data rate. For V.34 operation (ALX V.34 and ALX V.34M only), you can also use this option to set a minimum and maximum symbol rate. For V.34 operation, you can also set independent data and symbol rate limits for the modem’s transmitter and receiver.

The ALX will automatically operate at the highest possible data rate within the limits selected, depending on factors such as the capabilities of the modem at the other end of the communication link and line conditions.

Modem Speed / Speed Limit Option Terminology

DCE rate Data rate, measured in bits per second (bps) and kilobits per second (Kbps). Refers to the rate of data flow through the modem’s transmitter and receiver. DCE stands for data communication equipment – a modem is one type of DCE.

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Symbol rate Rate at which symbols that carry data are generated. Symbol rate limits and options apply only to the ALX V.34 and ALX V.34M.

Asymmetric rates Different rates on the modem’s transmitter and receiver. Using the Asymmetric Data Rates option and Asymmetric Symbol Rates, you can allow or disallow asymmetric data or symbol rates for V.34 operation only.

TX, RX Used to refer to the modem transmitter (TX) or transmit rate, and the modem receiver (RX) or receive rate.

INC, DEC ALX modem interface controls for changing numerical values on the Speed Limit screens. Use pushbutton 1 on the front panel to decrease (DEC) a displayed value; use pushbutton 3 to increase (INC) a value. Then use pushbutton 2 to select the displayed value.

Speed Limit Screens

On the ALX V.32, V.32M, V.32/14.4, V.32/14.4M, V.32/19.2 and V.32/19.2M, the Speed Limit option screens are:

The ALX V.34 and ALX V.34M have eight Speed Limit screens, providing independent control over data rates and symbol rates for the modem’s transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX), as shown below:

Available Data Rate Settings The highest data rate (DCE RATE) you can select depends on the ALX model you have. (Your ALX model displays only the speeds it is capable of using.) The range of possible operating speeds for each ALX model is shown in Table 2-2. You can see the maximum and minimum data rate settings anywhere within these limits.

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Table 2-2. Speed Range (Data Rate) for Various ALX Models

Range

Model

ALX V.34, ALX V.34M

ALX V.32/19.2, ALX V.32/19.2M

ALX V.32/14.4, ALX V.32/14.4M

ALX V.32, ALX V.32M

(Minimum and maximum limits

can be set within this range.)

0-300 bps to 28.8 Kbps

0-300 bps to 19.2 Kbps

0-300 bps to 14.4 Kbps

0-300 bps to 9600 bps

How the Data Rate Settings Are Applied

When the ALX connects with another modem, the modems engage in a “handshake” exchange to determine the other modem’s type, maximum speed capability, etc. The two modems then “negotiate” to determine the highest possible connect speed. The highest and lowest connect rates are constrained by the limits you set via the Speed Limit option.

The following points apply to the Speed Limit option and resultant connect speeds:

• The achievable connect rate depends on phone line quality. Some phone lines will not

support rates of 14.4 Kbps and higher.

• ALX V.34 and ALX V.34M only: Different TX DCE and RX DCE rates are effective

only if the Asymmetric Data Rates option is enabled. If this option is disabled, TX and RX rates are both determined by the TX DCE limits. (The RX DCE setting(s) is ignored.)

• ALX V.32/19.2 and V.32/19.2M only: To connect at 19.2 or 16.8 Kbps, the modem at the

other end of the link must be a V.32terbo modem or a Raymar-Telenetics 19.2-Kbps modem manufactured prior to adoption of the V.32terbo specification.

• If the ALX is not in Hayes mode and is configured for “normal” (direct) operation

(Buffer Mode and V.42 Mode disabled), the minimum speed should be set to the same speed as the DTE speed.

• If SYNC AFTER DIAL is enabled (using the Hayes mode &Q1 command), the data rate

will be negotiated between the maximum speed and 1200 bps.

• Leased line operation is restricted to data rates of 2400 bps or higher. On the non-V.34

ALX models, the default minimum speed limit for all leased line modes is 4800 bps. Therefore, if you want 2400 bps operation on the non-V.34 models, you must set both MAX DCE and MIN DCE to 2400 bps.

• For V.29 leased line operation, the only valid minimum and maximum rate selections are

4800, 7200, 9600 bps. Any other selection may cause the modem to malfunction.

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• For 600- or 1200/75-bps operation, V.22bis/V.22/V.21/V.23 operating mode fallback

option must be selected. To connect at 1200/75 bps, the minimum and maximum data rate must both be set at 1200/75 bps on both modems.

Related options: Buffer Mode / Speed Conversion, Speed Matching, Forward Rate Renegotiation, Asynchronous Overspeed Range, DTE Speed.

Symbol Rate Settings

The minimum and maximum symbol rate settings (“SYM” on the LCD) apply to V.34 connections only. The available selections are 3429, 3200, 3000, 2800, 2743, 2400 sym/s (symbols per second).

Where analog implemented carrier is used, more calls will connect successfully at symbol rates of 2743 and 2800 sym/s. On noisy T1 PCM digitally implemented connections, more calls will connect when the symbol rate is set to 3429-sym/s.

V.42 ERROR CORRECTION OPTIONS

The ALX supports both ITU-T V.42 and V.42bis error correction and Microcom Networking Protocol (MNP) error correction (classes 1 through 5). V.42 and MNP both provide end-to-end correction through an automatic repeat-transmission request algorithm. Both types of error correction enable the ALX to detect data transmission errors and automatically request retransmission of adversely affected data until it is received correctly.

Either error correction standard (V.42 or MNP) may be enabled for either dial or leased line operation (except V.33, V.29, V.27 and V.26 modes). However, error correction can only function if all of the following conditions are present:

• The modem the ALX is communicating with must be equipped with the same type of

error correction (V.42/V.42bis or MNP).

• Both communicating modems must be configured for asynchronous data type.

• The same type of error correction (V.42/V.42bis or MNP) must be enabled at both ends

of the communication link.

• The connected systems must support data flow control (data buffering).

Note –

• Error correction options cannot be changed when the modem is on-line.

• Disable error correction before running diagnostic tests to ensure valid results.

You can configure the ALX for V.42 (LAPM) error correction only, MNP error correction only, or V.42 error correction with MNP as the fallback (alternate) error correction protocol. Data compression may also be enabled by selecting either V.42bis or MNP class 5 error correction.

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The available error correction options, described below, affect the type of error correction selected via the V42 SELECTION screen (see below), except that the MNP Class option is

applicable only to MNP operation.

The following sequence is suggested for selecting error correction options: First select the type of error correction desired from the V.42 SELECTION screen. Next make a selection from the V.42 MODE screen. Then select other error correction options as appropriate for your application.

Three additional error correction options, Selective Retransmission, DCE Pass-through Flow Control and Link Flow Control are described near the end of this chapter, in the section titled,

Options Accessible Only via Summary Setup.

- V.42 Mode

Hayes, V.25bis, dumb, leased line modes (except V.33 and V.29)

The V.42 Mode settings described below apply to the type of error correction selected via the V42 SELECTION screen. For example, if LAPM ONLY has been selected as the error

correction protocol, and MANDATORY is selected from the V42 MODE screen, V.42 or V.42bis error correction will be activated – or if it cannot be, the ALX will hang up.

OFF Error correction is disabled.

MANDATORY Error correction is activated. If the modem cannot establish a connection

using the type of error correction selected via the V.42 Selection option, it will hang up.

AUTO The ALX will fall back to buffer or non-buffer (normal) mode if conditions do not allow it to establish a connection using the selected type of error correction.

- MNP Class (Limit)

Hayes, V.25bis, dumb, leased line modes (except V.33 and V.29)

This option is effective only when MNP error correction is active. It limits MNP operation to the selected MNP class or lower. (MNP classes 1-5 are available.) In general, the higher MNP classes provide greater throughput.

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- Break Handling

Hayes, V.25bis, dumb, leased line modes (except V.33 and V.29)

The Break Handling option applies only to asynchronous connections that use error correction or buffering, and it applies to the receive modem only. When error correction is active, a break signal from the DTE is relayed with a “break” packet. For buffer connections, the break signal is transferred as a period of space. The break handling option determines how the break packet is sent.

NONE No break packet or signal is sent. (This selection may be used for buffer connections to avoid disconnects due to long strings of null data.)

DESTRUCTIVE/EXPEDITED (DESTR/EXP) All data in the buffer is deleted; the break packet or signal is then passed through the channel.

NON-DESTRUCTIVE/EXPEDITED (NDT/EXP) The break packet or signal is passed through immediately, but data in the buffer is not deleted.

NON-DESTRUCTIVE/NON-EXPEDITED (NDT/NEXP) The break packet or signal is passed through the channel in sequence, and any data is buffered; this preserves the sequence of data and breaks received.

V.42 Selection Options

The following three options are available through the V.42 SELECTION screen:

- Protocol

Hayes, V.25bis, dumb, leased line modes (except V.33 and V.29)

LAPM/MNP The ALX will attempt to establish a connection using the V.42 link access

protocol for modems (LAPM). If an LAPM connection cannot be established, the ALX attempts to establish a connection using MNP class 5 error correction.

Note: When operating in LAPM mode, the ALX uses V.42 error correction, or V.42bis error

correction if the V.42bis option is enabled.

LAPM ONLY The modem will only attempt to establish an LAPM connection.

MNP ONLY The modem will only attempt to establish an MNP connection.

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Note: If a connection cannot be established using the selected protocol (LAPM/MNP, LAPM ONLY or MNP ONLY), the action the ALX will take depends on the setting of the V.42 Mode option.

- V.42bis Operation

Hayes, V.25bis, dumb, leased line modes (except V.33 and V.29)

V.42bis operation provides error correction with data compression. Like V.42 error correction, V.42bis uses the link access protocol for modems (LAPM). V.42bis operation may be enabled or disabled.

- V.42bis Dictionary Size

Hayes, V.25bis, dumb, leased line modes (except V.33 and V.29)

The V.42bis dictionary stores recurrent data patterns which are used in V.42bis data compression. A larger dictionary generally increases performance, but if the dictionary is too large, performance may suffer. You may select a dictionary size of 2K, 4K, 8K or 16K.

- Buffer Mode/Speed Conversion

Hayes, V.25bis, dumb, leased line modes (except V.33 and V.29)

This option enables or disables speed conversion (for asynchronous operation only) between the DTE and modem when error correction is not used.

ENABLE Buffers about one screen full of data between the DTE and the modem, providing transmission speed conversion.

DISABLE Data is not buffered and speed conversion is not allowed. (This setting also disables flow control.) For “normal” (direct) operation, disable Buffer Mode/Speed Conversion and set the V.42 Mode option to OFF.

- DTE Speed

Hayes, V.25bis, dumb, leased line modes (except V.33 and V.29)

This option controls the DTE speed; however, it is effective only when the ALX is operating in V.42 mode, MNP mode or buffer mode. (If the ALX is not in one of these modes, the DTE speed will be the same as the connect rate.) The DTE speed can be set for 230.4, 115.2, 57.6,

38.4 or 19.2 Kbps or 9600, 4800, 2400, 1800, 1200, 600 or 300 bps. The default DTE speed is

38.4 Kbps.

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DTE speed refers to the speed of data transfer between the DTE and the local modem – it is not necessarily the same as the data transmission speed between the connected modems.

If flow control is disabled, the DTE speed must be equal to or less than the modem speed, and the local and remote DTE speeds must be equal.

For Hayes mode operation, this option sets the default DTE speed that will be effective after powerup or after a full modem reset. However, the default DTE speed is automatically overridden when the ALX is autobauded (when and “AT” attention code is sent to the ALX.)

Flow Control The flow control options control the data flow according to the availability of memory “space” in the buffer. Flow control can be set independently for the terminal to the modem (DTEDCE) and for the modem to the terminal (DCE-DTE). The flow control options include DTEDCE, DCE-DTE and Pass-through Flow Control. Two additional flow control options are described later in this chapter.

Note the following:

• Flow control only applies to asynchronous connections with V.42 error correction or

Buffer Mode enabled.

• When flow control is disabled, the DTE data rate must be equal to or less than the

modem data rate, and the local and remote DTE data rates must be equal. (This

precludes the need for flow control – which some DTE devices cannot handle – and avoids buffer overflow.)

• For DTE-DCE and DCE-DTE Flow Control options: When RTS or CTS flow control

is used and a buffer connection has been established, conditions that will stop the data flow (e.g., dropped RTS) should not be permitted for long periods, if possible, to reduce the possibility of buffer overflow.

Figure 2-1 illustrates the available flow control options.

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Figure 2-1. Flow control options

- DTE-DCE Flow Control

Hayes, V.25bis, dumb, leased line modes (except V.33 and V.29)

DC1/DC3 (XON/XOFF) Most common method of flow control. Inserts control characters ^S and ^Q into the data stream to stop (^S) and start/restart (^Q) the flow of data. (Also called software, logical, or in-band flow control.)

NONE No flow control. All flow control characters are passed through the communication channel.

RTS (RTS on/off) The Request to Send signal controls data flow from the modem to the DTE. (RTS flow control is also called hardware, physical or out-band flow control.) This selection enables flow control for the local modem only.

DC1/DC2 Inserts control characters ^R and ^Q into the data stream to stop (^R) and start/restart (^Q) the flow of data from a device. (Also called software, logical, or in-band flow control.)

Note: When using the modem for binary file transfer, in-band flow control (flow control using control characters) must be disabled. In this case, use hardware flow control or, as an alternate, lower the DTE speed to reduce the possibility of overflow.

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- DCE-DTE Flow Control

Hayes, V.25bis, dumb, leased line modes (except V.33 and V.29)

All information given above under DTE-DCE Flow Control also applies to the DCE-DTE (modem to terminal) flow control option, except that the CTS, Clear to Send signal (not RTS), may be used to control DTE-DCE data flow.

- DTE Pass-through Flow Control (Passthru Mode)

Hayes, V.25bis, dumb, leased line modes (except V.33 and V.29)

Pass-through Flow Control affects DTE-DCE flow control only. This option determines whether flow control characters received from the local DTE will be passed to the remote modem (if control characters are used for flow control).

ENABLE Flow control characters are passed to the remote end of the communication connection after the modem acts upon them.

DISABLE Flow control characters are not passed.

ADDRESS ASSIGNMENT OPTION

- Address

All modes

The address screen allows you to set the address of the modem at your location. An address may be useful if the ALX will be used in a rack or in a network.

The available address numbers are 000,000 through 999,999. The three digits to the right of the comma are the unit address number; the three digits to the left are the group address number. The default address is 999,999.

To change the address, use the right and left arrow pushbuttons to go to the digit you want to change. Then use pushbutton 1 to decrease (DEC) the digit or pushbutton 3 to increase (INC) it. The new address takes effect when you exit the ADDRESS screen. (Unlike other DEC/INC screens, you do not have to press pushbutton 2 to select the new address.)

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DIALER MODE OPTION

- Dialer

All modes

The ALX autodialer can operate in several modes, or it can be turned off. The dialer modes listed below can be selected from the DIALER screen.

HAYES The modem will automatically dial stored phone numbers and will respond to Hayes commands. For further information, see Chapter 4.

DTR Enables DTR dialing (which is explained in Chapter 3).

Note: DTR dialing for V.25bis mode can only be enabled by means of the Summary Setup

feature, as explained in Chapter 5.

V25 Async Enables the V.25bis autodialer for asynchronous operation.

For V.25bis operation, select a V.25bis data protocol (V25 Async, V25 Syn_c or V25 Syn_b) that is appropriate for the DTE the ALX is connected to. A V.25bis Quick Setup is recommended. For detailed V.25bis information, see Chapter 5.

V25 Syn_c Enables V.25bis synchronous character oriented operation.

V25 Syn_b Enables V.25bis synchronous bit oriented operation (HDLC).

OFF Disables the autodialer, meaning the modem will operate in dumb mode only. Calls

must be made using the front panel AUTO-DIAL function or they must be manually originated.

AUTO-ANSWER OPTION

- Auto-Answer

All dial line modes, leased line modes with Auto-Recovery (except V.33)

This option determines whether or not a call is automatically answered when the phone rings. Setting the Auto-Answer option to ENABLE resets Hayes mode register S0 to 1 (meaning that calls will be answered on the first ring).

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- Data Format Options

V.25bis, dumb, leased line modes

The data type setting for the local modem and remote modem must be the same.

ASYNCHRONOUS Data is transmitted and received as character asynchronous data. The character length (next option) must be the same for both communicating modems.

SYNCHRONOUS Use this setting only if data is to be transmitted and received as synchronous data. In addition, the appropriate transmitter clocking setting must be selected – see Transmitter Clocking later in this chapter. Synchronous data type is available only for

the following data rates:

ALX V.32 and V.32M: 9600, 7200, 4800, 2400, 1200 and 600 bps

ALX V.32/14.4 and V.32/14.4M: 14.4 and 12.0 Kbps; 9600, 7200, 4800, 2400, 1200

and 600 bps

ALX V.32/19.2 and V.32/19.2M: 19.2, 16.8, 14.4 and 12.0 Kbps; 9600, 7200, 4800,

2400, 1200 and 600 bps

ALX V.34 and V.34M: 28.8, 26.4, 24.0, 21.6, 19.2, 16.8, 14.4 and 12.0 Kpbs; 9600, 7200, 4800, 2400, 1200 and 600 bps

Note: Error correction options and the Buffer Mode/Speed Conversion option are not

effective when the Data Type is set to synchronous.

- Character Length

All modes (asynchronous operation only)

This option is used to select a character length of 9, 10 or 11 bits for character asynchronous operation. The same character length must be selected for both the local and the remote modems. The most widely used character length setting is 10 bits.

9 BITS: 1 start bit, 7 data bits and 1 or more stop bits 10 BITS: 1 start bit, 8 data bits, including parity, and 1 or more stop bits 11 BITS: 1 start bit, 9 data bits, including parity, and 1 or more stop bits

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- Parity

All modes (asynchronous operation only)

Parity selections will be effective only if error correction or Buffer Mode has been enabled or if the ALX is in 2-wire dial Hayes mode. For most applications, parity should be set to NONE.

The following parity options are available: NONE (no parity), ODD, EVEN, MARK (parity is always 1) and SPACE (parity is always 0). All parity settings except NONE automatically enable parity conversion (except in Hayes mode), meaning that the parity of received data will be converted to match the selected parity option.

In Hayes mode, autobaud overrides the front panel parity setting; this occurs when the modem receives the AT attention code. During data transfer, the receiving modem converts parity to the parity of the remote DTE.

DISCONNECT OPTIONS

When the modem is operating in V.25bis or dumb mode, it is necessary to disconnect the modem from the telephone circuit once communication is completed. The most common form of disconnection is by dropping the Data Terminal Ready (DTR) signal from the DTE. However, some applications may require one of the five available automatic disconnect methods listed below.

For all five disconnect options, disabled means the modem will not disconnect in the presence of the conditions specified below.

- RX (Receive) Space Disconnect

Hayes, V.25bis, dumb modes

If this option is enabled, reception of a continuous space of specified duration from the remote modem will cause the ALX to disconnect. The space required to cause a disconnect is either 1 second (or greater) or 2 seconds (or greater), depending on the setting of the TX/RX Space option.

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- TX (Transmit) Space Disconnect

Hayes, V.25bis, dumb modes

When TX Space Disconnect is enabled, the ALX will transmit a continuous space prior to disconnecting from the line. The duration of this space is either 1.6 seconds or 4 seconds, depending on the setting of the TX/RX Space option. If RX space disconnect is enabled on the remote modem, TX Space Disconnect should be enabled on the local modem to ensure a clean disconnect.

- Carrier Disconnect

V.25bis, dumb modes

If Carrier Disconnect is enabled, a loss of carrier signal will cause the ALX to disconnect from the telephone line. The time (delay) from loss of carrier until the modem disconnects is determined by the value of S register S10. (A value of 255 in register S10 disables Carrier Disconnect and Line Current Disconnect.)

- Line Current Disconnect

V.25bis, dumb modes

If Line Current Disconnect is enabled, a loss of line current will cause the ALX to disconnect from the telephone line. (A value of 255 in register S10 disables Line Current Disconnect and Carrier Disconnect.)

- RTS Disconnect

Hayes, V.25bis, dumb modes

This option allows you to select a time period for RTS disconnect, which is applied as follows: If RTS is off (or low) for the time period selected by the RTS Disconnect option (20 to 140 seconds), the line will be disconnected. If you set RTS Disconnect to OFF, RTS may be off indefinitely without causing the line to be disconnected.

TEST OPTIONS

The test options affect certain tests (as explained below) but do not activate tests. These options may be used to prevent users (including remote users) from activating tests.

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- DSR During Analog Loopback

All modes

When ON is selected, the Data Set Ready signal is forced on when the modem is in the analog loopback test mode. In general, this option should be left ON (the default selection).

- Remote Test

All modes

The Remote Test option allows you to prevent remote digital loopback or remote digital loopback self tests from being initiated on the local ALX modem from a remote modem.

ENABLE Tests can be initiated from a remote modem.

DISABLE The local ALX will ignore test initiation signals from a remote modem.

Note that there are two REMOTE TEST screens. One is for the option just described; the other is used for selecting remote digital loopback tests. The Remote Test option screen (for preventing or allowing remote testing) looks like this:

EIA OPTIONS

The seven options described below allow control over specific TIA/EIA interface signals.

- CTS to EIA

Hayes, V.25bis, dumb, leased line modes (except V.33 and V.29)

Regardless of the setting selected for this option, Clear to Send (CTS) goes low under the following conditions:

• When DCD goes high during a V.42 error correction handshake or

• When DCE-DTE flow control is set to CTS and a connection has been established with

error correction or Buffer Mode enabled.

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NORMAL The Clear to Send (CTS) signal is on while the modem is on-line. (In V.25bis mode, CTS follows DTR.)

RTS The CTS signal immediately follows the RTS signal with no delay.

TRUE The CTS signal follows DTR.

CTS can also be set to be always ON regardless of DTR by using the Summary Setup feature. (However, if CTS has been selected from DCE-DTE screen 1, V.42 flow control, while active, will override the CTS ON selection.) To set CTS ON, refer to the EIA INTERFACE OPTIONS diagram. Set the CTS option to 3 (ON). Note that if you set CTS to ON using Summary Setup and then make a selection from the CTS to EIA screen, the selection from the CTS to EIA screen will cancel the Summary Setup (CTS ON) selection.

- CD to EIA

Hayes, V.25bis, dumb, leased line modes (except V.33 and V.29)

NORMAL Carrier Detect (CD) is on while the modem is on-line.

TRUE CD follows DTR supplied from the DTE.

TOGGLE CD turns on whenever DTR is present and then toggles off for 500 ms upon DTR disconnect.

- DSR to EIA

All modes

This option allows the user to force the Data Terminal Ready (DTR) signal on (TRUE), which may be needed if your computer or communication software does not supply a DTR signal.

NORMAL DTR is supplied by the DTE. When DTR goes low, the ALX sends a space disconnect (if TX Space Disconnect is enabled) and goes on-hook.

TRUE The DTR signal is internally forced ON regardless of the DTR status at the interface.

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- DTE Control of ALB (ALB- DTE Ctrl’ed)

All modes (except half-duplex and V.13)

Analog loopback (ALB) testing can be initiated from the DTE via pin 18. Positive voltage activates the test, whereas negative voltage results in normal operation. Disabling this option keeps the modem from responding to pin 18.

- DTE Control of RDL (RDL- DTE Ctrl’ed)

All modes

Remote digital loopback (RDL) testing can be initiated from the DTE via pin 21. Positive voltage activates the test, whereas negative voltage results in normal operation. Disabling this option keeps the modem from responding to pin 21.

- Test Mode (TM to EIA)

All modes

This option controls pin 25, the test mode (TM) indicator, on the RS-232 interface connector. (Alternately, pin 25 may be used for analog loopback control. For details, see Appendix D.)

NORMAL TM output is high (active) only during test modes.

TRUE TM output is always high.

MODEM SETUPS

The options listed below, through RTS-CTS Delay, are available via the MODEM SETUPS screens.

- Carrier Detect Level

All modes

This option selects the carrier detect level. To make a selection, first select either LEASED or DIAL from the CARRIER DET. LVL screen, depending on your application. The appropriate carrier detect level screen will then be displayed.

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Note: When the ALX is operated in V.29 Fast Master mode, the carrier detect level is fixed at

-26 dBm, regardless of the Carrier Detect option setting.

Leased Line Applications For leased line use, the carrier detect level can be set for -26, -33 or -43 dBm. The default setting is -26 dBm.

Dialup Applications For dial line use, the carrier detect level can be set for -26, -33 or -43 dBm. The default setting is -43 dBm.

- Transmit Level

All modes

This option controls the modem’s transmit (transmission) level. To make a selection, first select LEASED or DIAL from the TRANSMIT LEVEL screen.

Leased Line Applications For leased lines, the transmit level can be set between 0 and -15 dBm, in 1-dBm steps. The standard setting is 0 dBm.

Dialup Applications The transmit level for dial lines can be set as either programmable (PROG) or permissive (PERMIS). The most common settings is permissive, which means the transmit level is fixed at -9 dBm maximum.

Note: (V.34 models only): If the Channel Probing and Transmit Level Adjustable by Probing options are enabled, the actual transmit level may be lower than the selected Transmit Level setting.

- Signal Quality

All modes

This option sets the threshold for the ER (error) indication during normal operation. You can choose either 10^4, one error in 10,000 bits, or 10^6, one error in 1 million bits. The settings of the Signal Quality and Carrier Detect Level options determine the threshold values the modem uses as criteria for entering Leased Line Auto-Recovery mode.

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- Compromise Equalizers (COMPR EQ)

Hayes, V.25bis, dumb, leased line modes (V.32/V.32bis, V.32terbo and V.33 modes only)

It is usually not necessary to adjust the modem’s compromise equalizers. However, in the event that an equalizer adjustment is needed, any of four types of compromise equalization can be selected: Type I (T-I on the LCD), Type II (T-II), Type III (T-III) and Type IV (T-IV). The equalizers (located in the modem’s transmitter) can also be turned OFF.

Where line conditions are atypical, it may be necessary to adjust the equalizers to optimize the signal quality. If adjustment is necessary, refer to the quality screen for a relative indication of the signal quality.

- Trellis Code

Hayes, V.25bis, dumb, leased line modes (V.32bis, V.32terbo and V.33 modes only)

The modem’s IUT-T compliant trellis coder provides enhanced performance. It is normally enabled at speeds of 7200 bps and above, but at 9600 bps or higher, may be negotiated off by a modem that is not equipped with a trellis coder. The trellis code option allows the user to enable or disable the trellis coder.

- Transmitter Clocking

All modes (synchronous operation only)

This option selects one of three possible sources for the transmitter timing signal:

INTERNAL The timing of the modem and data terminal transmitting circuits is provided by an internal clock within the modem.

RECEIVED (RX-CLK) The timing of the data received from the remote modem is used to control the timing of the transmitted data. This timing mode is used if the modem’s transmit timing must be controlled by a remote source.

EXTERNAL The timing of the modem and data terminal transmitting circuits is synchronous to an external clock from within the data terminal and is provided to the modem via the DTE connector pin 24. This mode of clocking is used if the DTE must be in control of the modem’s transmit timing. The modem’s minimum and maximum speed (data rate) must be set to approximately the same speed as the DTE clock, using the Speed Limit option.

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- T1 Timer

Hayes, V.25bis, dumb modes

The T1 Timer option is only effective if the Summary Setup Multimode Handshake option is set to 0 (T1 timer).

The T1 Timer option determines how long the ALX modem will attempt to handshake with a calling V.32/V.32bis modem before falling back to a lower speed. The available T1 Timer settings are 0, 0.3, 0.8, 1.6 and 3.0 seconds.

- Auto-Retrain

Hayes, V.25bis, dumb, leased line modes

In V.34, V.32terbo, 19.2 proprietary, V.32bis, V.32 or V.22bis mode, the ALX can request that the remote modem send a retrain sequence (if the receiver requires it).

ENABLE The modem can request a retrain sequence.

DISABLE The modem cannot request a retrain sequence.

- Answer/Originate Default

All leased line modes, except V.33 (also manual originate/answer dial operation)

This option sets the ALX to default to either answer or originate status when it makes a connection in V.34, V.32terbo, 19.2 proprietary, V.32bis, V.32 or V.22bis mode.

ANSWER Sets ALX to answer mode.

ORIGINATE Sets ALX to originate mode.

- Answer Tone

Hayes, V.25bis, dumb modes

The answer tone frequency is selectable only if the maximum data rate has been set to 1200 bps (via the Speed Limit option), in which case the answer tone can be set to either 2225 or 2100 Hz. Otherwise, the answer tone frequency will be 2100 Hz (the standard for V.32/V.32bis operation). In general, this setting should not be changed.

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- Front Panel Control

All modes

For security purposes, this option may be used to make it difficult for unauthorized users to modify the modem’s configuration. If Front Panel Control is disabled, the modem will not store Quick Setup selections or changes made through option screens accessed via the SETUP menus. In addition, Hayes configuration commands (and the &W and &Z Hayes commands) will have no effect, and stored user profiles (for Hayes mode) cannot be altered. Note that even if Front Panel Control is disabled, front panel screens that do not affect the modem configuration (such as AUTO-DIAL and test modes) will function.

SPEAKER

Two speaker options are available: Speaker Control and Speaker Volume.

- Speaker Control

All modes

OFF The speaker is off; the call cannot be audibly monitored.

TIL-CD (on until CD). The speaker remains on until a carrier signal (CD) is detected.

ON Speaker is on during the full modem handshake process and while the unit remains on-

line.

- Speaker Volume

All modes

The speaker volume can be set to LOW, MEDIUM or HIGH.

- Guard Tones

Hayes, V.25bis, dumb modes

Some national regulatory agencies require guard tones on systems that use international telephone circuits (for V.22 and V.22bis modes only). Unless you will be using international circuits in one of these modes, you should set the guard tone option to OFF. If guard tones are

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required, the guard tone frequency can be set to 550 Hz or 1800 Hz (the most commonly used guard tone frequency).

- V.8 Procedure

Hayes, V.25bis, dumb modes

The V.8 Procedure option selects either V.25 or V.8 procedures for starting data transmission sessions.

ENALBE Configures the ALX to use V.8 procedures.

DISABLE Configures the ALX to use V.25 procedures.

- V.13 Operation

V.25bis, dumb, leased line, V.3x/208 modes (synchronous operation only)

OFF V.13 operation is off. This setting allows normal full duplex operation. (All other

selections are for enabling V.13 operation.)

TX ONLY Status of RTS will be sent to remote modem.

RX ONLY Carrier Detect (CD) will be controlled by V.13 signals from the remote modem.

TX AND RX Status of RTS will be sent to remote modem, and CD is controlled by V.13

signals from the remote modem.

To select one of the four V.13 options, press pushbutton 1 or 3 – with the V13 screen displayed – until the selection you want is displayed. For half duplex point-to-point applications, select TX AND RX. For multidrop-type applications, select RX ONLY for all host site modems and TX ONLY for all remote site modems.

Note: For V.13 operation, the RDL-DTE Ctrl’ed option must be disabled.

Note: If V.13 operation is enabled, the data type is automatically changed to synchronous.

However, if you enable V.13 operation and later disable it, the data type does not automatically revert to asynchronous; to restore the asynchronous data type, you must use the Data Type option.

For further information on V.13 operation, see Chapter 3.

The PASSWORD screen (not present on the ALX V.32 and ALX V.32M) is explained in Chapter 3.

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- Training Length

V.29, V.27 modes

If you select the 2-Wire Dial V.27 Quick Setup, the Training Length option is automatically set to TER (V.27ter).

For V.27bis leased line operation, select LONG if the line quality is poor. Select SHORT if the line quality is good.

For V.29 mode, the training length is set automatically when you select any of the three V.29 Quick Setup configurations (LONG for 4-Wire Leased Line V.29 mode, SHORT for the V.29 Fast Master/Fast Slave modes). For V.29 operation, do not change these automatic settings.

LONG The training length will be long, as specified by ITU-T Recommendation V.27bis.

SHORT The training length will be short, as specified by ITU-T Recommendation V.27bis.

TER This setting selects V.27ter training. The first train is long (to establish the connection),

and subsequent ones are short.

- Carrier Type

V.33, 208, V.3x/208, V.29 modes (but not V.29 Fast Master/Fast Slave modes)

SWITCHED (SWITCH) Switched carrier operation. Required for 2-wire applications. For V.33 switched carrier operation, RTS must be high for the modems to train and for CD to go high.

CONSTANT Constant, or continuous carrier operation. Can only be used for 4-wire leased line applications (although 4-wire leased line applications may also use switched carrier.)

- CTS

V.33, 208, V.3x/208, V.29 modes (but not V.29 Fast Master/Fast Slave modes)

This option applies only to V.33 and V.29 leased line applications that use constant carrier and Bell 208 half-duplex modes.

RTS The CTS signal follows RTS.

ON CTS is always ON.

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Note: The ALX also supports a CTS to EIA option, which is described earlier in this chapter under EIA Options.

- RTS-CTS Delay (CTS Delay)

V.33, 208, V.3x/208, V.29 modes

The available RTS-to-CTS delay settings are 0, 15, 50, or 150 ms. The delay occurs when RTS changes from low to high. However, note that –

The RTS-to-CTS Delay option is not effective if the CTS option is set to ON (always ON), and

The applicability and effect of the RTS-to-CTS Delay option depends on the operating mode, as explained below.

V.33 OPERATION

For V.33 operation, the RTS-to-CTS Delay option is only effective for 4-wire leased line applications that use constant carrier.

BELL 208 OPERATION The only available delay choices for 208A/B operation are 50 and 150 ms. If 0 or 15 ms is selected, the actual delay in 208A/B mode will be 50 ms.

V.29, V.27 and V.26 MODES For RTS-CTS delay times for V.29, V.27 and V.26 modes, see page 160.

Note that in V.29 mode, the RTS-to-CTS Delay option is only effective if the Carrier Type option is set to constant carrier. If the Carrier Type option is set to switched carrier, the RTSto-CTS delay is fixed for all data rates, as follows:

253 ms for V.29 4-wire leased line and Fast Master modes 26 ms for Fast Slave mode

V.13 OPERATION If the V.13 Operation option is set to TX ONLY or TX AND RX, the RTS-to-CTS delay time can be set for 0, 15, 50 or 150 ms. An actual delay time of 0 ms cannot be achieved exactly, but the delay will be the minimum delay possible for the data rate being used.

The PHONE screen for storing a telephone number and the Auto Recovery options are discussed in Chapter 3.

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- LCD Intensity

All modes

This option allows you to lighten or darken the characters on the LCD. For lighter characters, use pushbutton 1 (for DEC). For darker characters, use pushbutton 3 (INC). Use pushbutton 2 to select the desired intensity setting.

OPTIONS ACCESSIBLE ONLY VIA SUMMARY SETUP

SETUP screen 6 provides access to three special configuration screens: the Summary Setup screen, AT PROFILES screen and S-REG (S register) screen. These screens (recommended for experienced users only) allow you to quickly change multiple option settings for S register values. For instructions on using these screens, see Appendix C.

This section (below) describes the ALX options that can only be changed through the Summary Setup screen. For most applications, it is not necessary to change these options – they are intended primarily for specialized applications. For an explanation of how to change these

options, available option settings, and the default setting for each option, see Appendix C.

Dial Line Options

(The numbers used to select different settings for each option on the Summary Setup LCD screen are arranged according to option groups – dial line options, V.42 error correction options, etc. For details, see Appendix C.)

- Wait for Carrier

V.25bis, dumb modes

The time the modem will wait for a carrier signal when originating a call can be set for 30, 45, 60, or 75 seconds. (Note: In Hayes mode, the wait for carrier time is determined by the value in register S7.)

- Pulse Dialing Rate

All dial line modes

This option allows you to select a pulse dialing rate of 10 or 20 pulses per seconds. The standard rate in most countries is 10 pps (the default setting).

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EIA INTERFACE OPTIONS

- CD and DSR Delay

All leased line modes (except V.33 and V.29)

Enabling this option may prevent unnecessary time-outs on certain systems when a line condition such as a line hit results in a loss of the Carrier Detect (CD) signal from the modem while the ALX retrains. If the CD and DSR Delay option is enabled, CD and Data Set Ready (DSR) will remain high for an additional 20 seconds after a loss of carrier by the modem.

If the CD and DSR Delay option is enabled, the CD to EIA and DSR to EIA options should be set to NORMAL.

The CD and DSR Delay option does not have to be set the same way on the local and remote modems. If one modem is configured for CD and DSR Delay (enabled) and the other is not, the delay will be applied only for the modem configured for the delay.

If the V.13 Operation option is set for RX only, the modem will ignore the CD and DSR Delay option. (CD will be controlled by V.13 signals from the remote modem.)

V.42 Error Correction Options

- Selective Retransmission

Hayes, V.25bis, dumb, leased line modes (except V.33 and V.29)

This option allows the ALX to communicate with certain modems that are not able to respond to the MNP selective retransmission command.

ENABLE This setting allows the ALX to request retransmission of a single information frame (in the event of a transmission error).

DISABLE Data can only be retransmitted in a series of information frames.

- DCE Pass-through Flow Control

Hayes, V.25bis, dumb, leased line modes (except V.33 and V.29)

This option affects DCE-DTE flow control only. It is only effective if error correction or Buffer Mode/Speed Conversion is enabled.

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ENABLE The ALX will pass flow control characters received from the remote modem to the local DTE.

DISABLE The ALX will not pass flow control characters from the remote modem to the local DTE.

Note: DCE Pass-through Flow Control will be disabled (regardless of ENABLE/DISABLE selection) if DCE-DTE Flow Control is set to NONE or CTS.

- Link Flow Control

Hayes, V.25bis, dumb, leased line modes (except V.33 and V.29)

This option is only effective if Buffer Mode/Speed Conversion is enabled and a buffer link without error correction is established. Do not enable Link Flow Control if binary data will be transmitted or received.

ENABLE The ALX will check for XON/XOFF (DC1/DC3) flow control characters received from the remote modem to determine whether to stop or start/restart data transmission to the remote modem. A DC3 control character will cause the ALX to stop data transmission and hold data in its buffer until it receives a DC1 (“resume transmission”) control character.

If Link Flow Control is enabled with DTE-DCE flow control set to RTS and DCE-DTE flow control set to CTS on both the originating and answering modems, and both modems establish a buffer mode connection, the modems will exchange flow control signals across the link in the form of DC1 and DC3 characters. If the data being exchanged contains a DC3 character (e.g; binary or executable files), this will signal the remote modem to halt and buffer all data from the remote DTE until the local DTE sends a DC1 character.

DISABLE The ALX will ignore XON/XOFF (DC1/DC3) flow control characters received from the remote modem.

SLAVED Link Flow control is controlled by the DCE-DTE Flow Control option. If DCEDTE Flow Control is set to NONE or CTS, Link Flow Control is disabled. Otherwise it is enabled.

- “PASSWORD?” Query Message

Hayes mode

This option applies only to manual-response password protection (MPP) – it does not apply to automatic password protection (APP). It will only have an effect if a password has been implemented using the /A or /P security command, as explained in Chapter 3.

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ENABLE If an MPP password has been implemented, the ALX will cause the DTE to display a PASSWORD? query message when a remote modem attempts to call the local ALX.

DISABLE The PASSWORD? query message will be suppressed. With the query suppressed, unauthorized users are not informed that a password is required; however a password will nonetheless be required if an MPP password has been implemented. The only difference will be the absence of the PASSWORD? query message.

- Alternate V.42/MNP CONNECT Codes

Hayes mode

In Hayes mode, the ALX modem displays the result codes (depending on the result code set specified by the Hayes mode X command.) If desired, the Alternate V.42/MNP CONNECT Codes option may be used to display additional information with the CONNECT result code, as follows:

Alternate CONNECT Code Meaning

CONNECT nnnn/REL “Reliable.” MNP connection (any

CONNECT nnnn/LAP-M ACTIVE V.42/V.42bis connection CONNECT nnnn Normal or buffer mode connection nnnn is in the connection speed, e.g., 9600 (bps) or 28.8 (Kbps)

NORMAL Normal CONNECT codes will be displayed.

ALTERNATE V.42/MNP CONNECT CODES The alternate CONNECT codes shown

above will be displayed.

- Auto-Recovery Compatibility

All leased line modes (except V.33)

This option affects the Return from Leased Line Auto-Recovery option. It allows you to select compensated timing for the Return from Leased Line Auto-Recovery option, to ensure full compatibility when interoperating with earlier generation Alliance Series modems.

DISABLE Selects standard timing.

MNP class)

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ENABLE Selects compensated timing. Use this setting only for operation with earlier Alliance Series modems.

Data Pump Options

Speed Fallback is explained on page 75. The Speed Fallback option allows you to enable or disable Speed Fallback.

- Auxiliary Channel

All modes

When an ALX V.32M, ALX V.32/14.4M, ALX V.32/19.2M or ALX V.34M modem is used to remotely control another ALX V.32M, ALX V.32/14.4M, ALX V.32/19.2M or ALX V.34M via a phone link (as explained in Chapter 3), the modems use an auxiliary channel. If desired, this channel may be disabled.

- Phase Reversals in Answer Tone

All modes

When enabled, the Phase Reversals in Answer Tone option signals the telephone network to turn off its echo cancellers. For virtually all applications, phase reversals should be enabled (the default settings).

- Satellite Delay

208, V.3x/208 modes

This option facilitates transmission over satellite links (but does not permit fast turnaround operation). When the Satellite Delay option is enabled, RTS is inhibited for 275 ms after the answer tone stops and after the DSR signal comes on. This delay occurs at both the originating and answering modems, allowing the echo suppressers on the telephone link to be enabled.

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- Turnaround Delay

208, V.3x/208 modes

This option is intended for circuits where echo is a problem. It prevents the ALX from receiving an echo of its own transmitted data. When the Turnaround Delay option is enabled, CD (pin 8) is held low for 150 ms after RTS is turned off. If the modem detects an energy loss during the delay, it turns CD on 52 ms after the end of the delay. The modem ignores any energy loss during the first 8.5 ms.

Rate Renegotiation Procedure (RRP) is explained on page 74. The Rate Renegotiation option allows you to enable or disable RRP.

- 208 Phase Detection

208, V.3x/208 modes

NORMAL Conditions the modem’s 208 receiver for normal modulation detection.

COMPENSATED Conditions the 208 receiver for compensated modulation detection for improved performance with older 208 modems.

- Retrain Threshold

Hayes, V.25bis, dumb modes

This option allows you to select either of two settings which implement pre-defined thresholds for Speed Fallback, retrain and rate renegotiation (RRP). The default Retrain Threshold setting (0) corresponds to a probability of error of 10^4, or one error in 10,000 bits. The alternate setting (1) corresponds to a probability of error of 10^6, or one error in 1 million bits. The alternate (more conservative) setting is recommended if an adaptive differential pulse code modulation (ADPCM) connection is likely – for example, if the connection is trans-Atlantic or trans-Pacific.

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- Forward Rate Renegotiation

Hayes, V.25bis, dumb modes

This option allows you to enable or disable forward rate renegotiation during RRP (Rate Renegotiation Procedure). If Forward Rate Renegotiation is disabled, the ALX cannot automatically fall forward to a higher data rate during RRP – it can only fall back to a lower rate.

- Fast Connect 103 Mode

Hayes, V.25bis, dumb modes

This option allows you to configure the ALX so it can connect very quickly to an incoming call from another modem operating in Bell 103 mode. If Fast Connect 103 Mode is enabled, when the ALX detects an incoming signal with a frequency of 1270 Hz (characteristic of Bell 103 mode), it will immediately stop sending answer tone and connect in Bell 103 mode, without the usual multimode handshake. When this option is disabled, the ALX will handshake normally and will therefore take longer to complete a Bell 103 connection.

- V.22bis S1 Duration

Hayes, V.25bis, dumb modes

This option affects the duration of the S1 signal during a V.22bis handshake. To allow the ALX to connect properly with certain manufacturers’ V.22bis modems that require an extended S1 signal duration, the ALX’s S1 signal duration may have to be changed from the default setting, 100 ms, to 150 ms. The IUT-T V.22bis Recommendation specifies and S1 duration of 100 ms.

- V.3x/208 Auto-Detect Mode

208, V.3x/208 modes

When V.3x/208 auto-detect mode is enabled, the ALX automatically selects V.34, V.32bis or Bell 208 mode, depending on the ALX model and the mode of the originating modem. (Only the ALX V.34 and V.34M can operate in V.34 mode; all other models will select V.32bis or Bell 208 mode.)

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ENABLE Enables V.3x/208 auto-detect mode – if the Communication Standard option is set to V3x/Bell208. (If you select the V.3x/208 Quick Setup, the ALX automatically sets the Communication Standard and V.3x/208 Auto-Detect Mode options to enable V.3x/208 autodetect mode.)

To enable V.3x/208 auto-detect mode, it is recommended that you use the V.3x/208 Quick Setup instead of the V.3x/208 Auto-Detect Mode option, because the Quick Setup sets all modem options to the most suitable settings.

DISABLE Disables V.3x/208 auto-detect mode. (The disable setting overrides previous V.3x/208 auto-detect mode selections made via the Communication Standard option or Quick Setup. However, the disable setting will be overridden if you subsequently enable auto-detect mode using the Standard option or V.3x/208 Quick Setup.)

- V.27bis 2400-bps Alternatives

[Not applicable to any Quick Setup mode]

This option is for V.27bis leased line operation only, and it applies only to 2400-bps operation.

ALTERNATIVE I The V.27bis 2400-bps equalizer conditioning pattern is the same as for V.27bis at 4800 bps.

ALTERNATIVE II The V.27bis 2400-bps equalizer conditioning pattern is special (as defined in Recommendation V.27bis – it is not the same as the pattern for 4800 bps).

- Echo Protection Tone

V.27 mode

If this option is enabled, the ALX will send an unmodulated carrier signal (short or long, user selectable) prior to the training and data signals, to disable the telephone network echo suppressor.

- V.26 Digit Encoding

[Not applicable to any Quick Setup mode]

This option is useful for V.26 operation only. It allows you to select between the two digit encoding schemes described in ITU-T Recommendation V.26 as alternatives A and B.

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- Anti-Streaming Timer

V.29 and V.27 modes

If the ALX is operating in switched carrier mode, this option, if enabled, will protect against a streaming terminal. If RTS is high for more than 30 seconds, the modem will turn its transmitter off and ignore RTS until RTS goes low again. This option is useful for multidrop applications where one drop (slave modem) continuously transmitting would disrupt the entire multidrop circuit. To prevent such disruption, enable the Anti-Streaming Timer on all of the drops (slaves).

- V.26 Scrambler

[Not applicable to any Quick Setup mode]

This option is useful for V.26 operation only. When enabled, the V.26 Scrambler option provides a V.26 scrambler in the data path.

Operating Mode Fallback is explained on page 73. The Operating Mode Fallback option allows you to select V.22bis/Bell 212A/Bell 103 or V.22bis/ V.22/V.21/V.23 fallback operation.

Miscellaneous Options

- TX/RX Space

Hayes, V.25bis, dumb modes

This option allows you to specify long or short TX/RX spaces for application to the TX Space Disconnect and RX Space Disconnect options. Selecting long or short specifies (1) the duration of the TX space that will be transmitted by the ALX if the TX Space Disconnect option is enabled and (2) the duration of the RX space required to cause a disconnect if RX Space Disconnect is enabled, as follows:

LONG The TX space will be 4 seconds, and the RX space required for disconnect is 2 seconds or greater.

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SHORT The TX space will be 1.6 seconds, and the RX space required for disconnect is 1 second or greater.

- V.25bis DTR Dialing

V.25bis mode

This option enables or disables DTR dialing for V.25bis mode only. V.25bis DTR dialing will function only if this option is enabled and the V.25bis autodialer is enabled (via the V.25bis Dialer Modes option).

DISABLE Disables DTR dialing for V.25bis mode.

Hayes, V.25bis (asynchronous only), dumb modes

All modes

208, V.3x/208 modes

ENABLE Enables DTR dialing for V.25bis mode.

- Speed Matching

If speed conversion is not desired, enable Speed Matching. When Speed Matching is enabled, the DTE interface rate follows the rate at which the modem connected (i.e., DTE rate=DCE rate). To select speed matching, change the Speed Matching setting to 1 (enable). Note:

Speed matching is effective only for dial applications and will only function if error correction or Buffer Mode is enabled.

- Analog Loopback Make Busy

If the Analog Loopback Make Busy option is enabled, the ALX will provide a busy indication to the dial line interface when the ALX is in analog loopback test mode.

- Answer Tone Detection

ENABLE Conditions the originating modem’s receiver to wait for answer tone detection before going on-line.

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DISABLE Conditions the originating modem to go on-line without requiring answer tone detection. This setting accommodates operation with automatic calling units that connect the modem to the line at the end of answer tone.

- Multimode Handshake

Hayes, V.25bis, dumb modes

This option – effective only when the ALX cannot use V.8 procedure – determines how long the ALX will attempt to handshake with a V.34/V.32/V.32bis modem before falling back to a lower speed.

The ALX will use V.8 procedure to start a data session if the V.8 Procedure option is enabled and it detects a V.8-compliant signal from the remote modem. If the ALX cannot use V.8 procedure, it will use the selected Multimode Handshake setting.

T1 TIMER If the T1 timer setting is selected, the ALX will attempt to handshake with a calling V.32/V.32bis modem for the time specified by the T1 Timer option.

V.32bis ANNEX A If the V.32bis Annex A setting is selected, the modem will handshake according to the conventions established in Annex A of the ITU-T V.32bis Recommendation. Handshaking using the Annex A selection will generally be faster than handshaking based on the T1 timer.

- Keyboard Abort

Hayes, V.25bis (asynchronous only) modes

When the Keyboard Abort option is enabled, pressing any key on the DTE connected to the answer ALX will abort handshaking (and thereby prevent a connection from being made).

- Asynchronous Overspeed Range

All modes (asynchronous operation only)

This option may be used to extend the asynchronous overspeed range for modem handshaking from +1% to +2.3%.

NORMAL The ALX will handshake at speeds ranging from -2.5% of the nominal connect speed (underspeed) to +1% of the nominal connect speed (overspeed).

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EXTENDED The ALX will handshake at speeds ranging from -2.5% underspeed to +2.3% overspeed.

- Remote RTS Signaling

All leased line modes (except V.33 and V.29)

This option provides remote RTS signaling in asynchronous mode. When the Remote RTS Signaling option is on, the state of the Ready to Send (RTS) signal is transferred across the modem link (for diagnostic purposes) without affecting normal operation. The Remote RTS Signaling option allows control over the remote Carrier Detect (CD) signal as described below.

Note the following restrictions for Remote RTS Signaling: The two modems must be connected at a data rate of 7200 bps or higher. The V.13 Operation option must be off. The DTE-DCE and DCE-DTE Flow Control options should not be set to RTS on/off.

ON The state of RTS input (TIA/EIA pin 4) will be signaled to the remote modem’s CD output, and the CD (pin 8) on the local modem will follow the state of the remote modem’s RTS input. (The typical propagation delay is less than 800 ms.)

OFF This setting allows for normal operation: The state of RTS at the local modem will not be signaled to the remote modem.

- Leased Line Interrupt

All leased line modes (except V.33)

The Leased Line Interrupt option controls an ALX designated as the answer modem and configured for Leased Line Auto-Recovery (Chapter 3) as stated below.

ON The ALX answer modem will answer incoming calls, regardless of the state of the leased line (CD ON or OFF).

OFF This setting allows for normal operation: If Carrier Detect (CD) is ON, this means the leased line is trained and working, and the ALX answer modem will ignore any incoming calls on the dial line.

- Wait for MNP Link Request

Hayes, V.25bis (async only), dumb, leased line modes (except V.33 and V.29)

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When a remote originating modem attempts to establish an MNP connection with an ALX, the ALX (answer modem) will wait up to 3 seconds, by default, to receive the MNP link request. This option allows the user to configure the ALX to wait longer (7 seconds) for an MNP link request. The longer wait time allows the ALX to establish MNP connections under conditions that require multiple link requests.

- CFI AB Response on Disconnect

V.25bis mode

In V.25bis mode, the originate modem sends a CFI AB result code when a call is aborted because the user has selected HANGUP from the front panel or because of DTR loss. If the CFI AB Response on Disconnect option is enabled, the originate modem will also send a CFI AB result code upon call disconnect.

- Low-Profile DIAG LED Function

All modes

This option may be used to change the function of the DIAG LED on low-profile ALX models (Appendix E), as explained below.

CONNECT STATUS DIAG LED on indicates the modem’s diagnostic port is actively connected. DIAG LED off indicates the diagnostic port is not connected.

DTR STATUS DIAG LED on indicates DTR is high. DIAG LED off indicates DTR is low.

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CHAPTER THREE – GENERAL OPERATION and SPECIAL FEATURES

This chapter describes the following ALX features and operational modes (listed here in the order in which they are presented):

• Quick reset

• Front panel autodialing

• Automatic fallback and RRP

• Dumb mode and Bell 208 operation

• V.13 operation

• V.26/V.26bis operation

• DTR dialing

• Dial Line Auto-Recovery

• Leased Line Auto-Recovery

• Security operation

• Modem-controlled remote control

• Diagnostic port control

• Software downloading

The status screens, which display data concerning the operational status of the modem, are discussed in Chapter 6. Instructions for using the pushbutton controls and LCD are included in Chapter 2.

QUICK RESET

For a quick rest of the ALX modem, use the front panel LCD to select RESET from MAIN MENU screen 3. As the modem resets, it will display the power-on screen for a few seconds and then the TIA/EIA status screen. A quick reset clears the modem’s active memory for a new start but does not change option settings or erase stored phone numbers. This feature enables you to reset the modem without powering down the unit.

FRONT PANEL AUTODIALING

The front panel PHONE CELL: screen allows you to store up to 50 telephone numbers to be used later for –

• Autodialing from the front panel (in any mode)

• Autodialing from the DTE using Hayes or V.25bis commands

• DTR dialing, or

• Leased line or dial line auto-recovery.

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How to Store a Phone Number

This section explains how to store phone numbers using the modem’s front panel controls. To store numbers using the DTE keyboard, in Hayes and V.25bis modes, see Chapter 4 (Hayes mode) and 5 (V.25bis mode).

To store a phone number using the modem’s front panel controls, follow these steps:

1. Select PHONE from SETUP screen 5. The ALX will display this screen:

2. Specify the phone cell (i.e., memory storage location) where you want to store the number: Use DEC (pushbutton 1) or INC (pushbutton 3) to cycle through the two-digit phone cell numbers (0-49), which appear in the upper right corner of the screen.

You may store a number in an empty cell, which is indicated by the letter “e” to the left of the storage cell number, or you may change (edit) a previously stored number. (A # symbol next to a cell number indicates that a number is stored in the cell.)

3. Select PROG (program) from the PHONE CELL: screen. The LCD will display this screen:

If a number has been previously stored, the number will be displayed on the top line of the LCD (instead of dashes, as shown above).

4. Enter the number to be stored by using the front panel pushbuttons as follows:

• Use the right and left arrow pushbuttons to place the LCD cursor in the cell

(i.e., character space) where you want to enter or change a number or character. The cell or character where the LCD cursor is located flashes on and off.

• Use pushbutton 1 to decrease a number at the current cursor location or

pushbutton 3 to increase a number.

• Use pushbutton 2 (CTRL) to cycle through the dialing modifiers. The dialing

modifiers are listed in Table 4-2. Dialing modifiers can be saved with a phone number to perform the functions listed in Table 4-2 when the number is dialed.

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(A period may be used to indicate the end of a phone number stored via the ALX front panel. The autodialer ignores any characters that follow the period (e.g., characters remaining from a previously stored long number.)

The phone number is saved when you return to the MAIN MENU.

A phone number stored via the front panel will be displayed if Hayes or V.25bis commands are used for storing phone numbers or viewing stored phone numbers.

Phone Number Storage Capacity

Each phone cell can hold up to 50 characters; however, there is not enough memory for all 50 phone cells to hold 50 characters each. The following are approximate guidelines: You can

load 50 cells with 35 characters in each cell, or load 35 cells with 50 characters in each cell (maximum). Other combinations which cumulatively do not exceed these numbers may also be used (i.e., approximately 1,750 characters total); for example, you could load 40 cells with 40 characters each.

If the available memory becomes full, you will get an ERROR message – and any entry stored in the phone cell where you tried to store a number will be deleted. A possible solution is to issue the &W command (in Hayes mode only). This will compress the data (phone numbers) stored in memory and may thereby create enough space for additional numbers to be stored.

How to Autodial a Stored Number

To autodial a stored number (in any mode), press the ENT button until MAIN MENU screen 1 is displayed. Then press pushbutton 3 (to select DIAL from MAIN MENU screen 1). The ALX will display the AUTO-DIAL screen:

If you select DIAL (pushbutton 1), the ALX will dial the number stored in the phone cell displayed in the upper right corner of the screen. (The # symbol indicates that a number is stored in the cell; if an “e” appears to the left of the phone cell number, the cell is empty.) To select a different phone cell for autodialing, select CELL (pushbutton 2). The ALX will display the DIAL CELL: screen:

To select a different phone cell for autodialing, use DEC (decrease; pushbutton 1) or INC (increase; pushbutton 3) to cycle through the two-digit phone cell numbers (0-49). The phone

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cell number will change on the DIAL CELL: screen and on the AUTO-DIAL screen. The ALX will autodial the number stored in the currently displayed phone cell when DIAL is selected from the DIAL CELL: screen or from the AUTO-DIAL screen.

When the local modem has successfully established a connection with the remote unit, the TIA/EIA status screen should be present. Typically this screen will look like this:

If the modem’s LCD displays an AUTO-DIAL FEATURE message, refer to the explanations listed below.

Failure message Explanation NO DTR DTR is not present NO LINE CURR Loss of line current. LINE OCCUPIED The data line is already in use. DIAL NOT ALLOWED Modem is configured for leased line operation.

Note: The phone number stored in the phone cell identified in the upper right corner of the AUTO-DIAL screen is the number the ALX will dial for –

• Front panel autodial (when DIAL is selected from the AUTO-DIAL screen)

• Dial line auto-recovery (Chapter 3)

• Leased line auto-recovery (Chapter 3)

• DTR dialing (Chapter 3 and 5).

AUTOMATIC FALLBACK

The ALX incorporates three automatic fallback features that can be controlled by the user:

• Operating Mode Fallback – Provides compatibility with modems that utilize any of

several different operating modes.

• Two options for automatic data rate adjustment: Rate Renegotiation Procedure (RRP)

and Speed Fallback – These features allow the ALX to automatically select the highest possible data rate, depending on the signal quality.

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Operating Mode Fallback

This section applies to Hayes, V.25bis and dumb mode only.

When the ALX modem originates or answers a call, it determines from the “handshake” routine with the other modem the most efficient operating mode supported by the other modem and automatically enters that mode (subject to maximum and minimum speed limits you can select via the Speed Limit option).

The Alliance Series modems will attempt to use V.34/V.32terbo/V.32bis/V.32 modulation (in that order of preference) to connect at the highest possible rate, depending on the modulations supported by the ALX and the modem at the other end of the communication link. (Fallback operation may also be affected by the selected communication standard. For further information, see the Communication Standard option in Chapter 2.)

For situations where the other modem does not support V.34, V.32terbo, V.32bis or V.32 modulation, the ALX modem supports two fallback alternatives: V.22bis/Bell 212A/Bell 103 fallback operation (the default setting) and V.22bis/V.22/V.21/V.23 fallback operation. For

communication within the United States, use the default setting for Operating Mode Fallback – V.22bis/Bell 212A/Bell 103.

Operating mode fallback functions when the modem is in either manual or automatic originate mode or manual or automatic answer mode.

Default Fallback Operation

The preferred operating mode is V.34 (28.8 Kbps – 2400 bps) for the ALX V.34 and V.34M, and V.32terbo/V.32bis/V.32 (19.2 Kbps – 4800 bps) for the ALX V.32/19.2 and V.32/19.2M. For all other ALX models, the preferred mode is V.32/V.32bis. However, if the other modem does not support any of these modes, the ALX will fall back to one of the modes listed below. The fallback modes are listed in the order in which they are attempted by the ALX in normal operation:

V.22bis/Bell 212A/Bell 103 Fallback (Default):

MODE DESCRIPTION V.22bis 2400 bps asynchronous/synchronous

Bell 212A 1200 bps asynchronous/synchronous Bell 103 0-300 bps asynchronous

All modes are full duplex.

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Alternate Fallback Operation If V.22bis/V.22/V.21/V.23 (alternate) fallback operation is enabled (as explained in the next section), the fallback modes listed below are available (for situations where V.34/V.32terbo/V.32bis/V.32 modes cannot be used). The modes are listed in the order in which they are attempted by the ALX modem.

V.22bis/V.22/V.21/V.23 Fallback:

MODE DESCRIPTION V.22bis 2400 bps asynchronous/synchronous

V.22 1200 and 600 bps asynchronous/synchronous V.21 300 bps asynchronous V.23 1200/75 bps asynchronous

All modes are full duplex.

Configuring the ALX for V.22bis/V.22/V.21/V.23 Fallback To configure the modem for V.22bis/V.22/V.21/V.23 fallback operation, refer to Appendix C and the MISCELLANEOUS OPTIONS diagram. Change the Operating Mode Fallback setting from 0 (the factory setting) to 1. (This is the only way the Operating Mode Fallback setting can be changed.)

Changing the Operating Mode Fallback setting to 1 has the following effects:

• The modem will be configured for V.22bis 2400 bps/ V.22 1200 and 600 bps/V.21 300

bps/V.23 1200/75 bps fallback operation. As a result, 600 and 1200/75 bps will appear as additional selections on the Speed Limit data rate screens. (For 600- or 1200/75- bps operation, the Speed Limit option maximum data rate must be set to the desired speed on both modems.)

• Fallback to V.22bis Bell 212A and Bell 103 compatibility is disabled.

Automatic Rate Adjustment

Rate Renegotiation Procedure (RRP)

This section applies only to V.34, V.32terbo and V.32bis operation.

If Rate Renegotiation Procedure (RRP) is enabled, the ALX will automatically fall back or fall forward to a lower or higher data rate at any time during data transmission (without retraining) in response to changes in signal quality. Data rate adjustments are limited to the range from 2400 bps (V.34) or 4800 bps (V.32bis) to the modem’s highest possible data rate (as listed for each

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model in Chapter 2) and are also limited by the Speed Limit option minimum and maximum data rate and symbol rate settings. If satisfactory performance cannot be attained at any of the available data rates, the ALX will initiate a GSTN cleardown (line disconnect). If the originate modem attempts to negotiate a rate that is lower than the minimum rate setting of the answer modem, the answer modem will initiate a GSTN cleardown.

The default setting for RRP is enabled. To change the RRP option, refer to Appendix C and the DATA PUMP OPTIONS diagram. Change the Rate Renegotiation Procedure (RRP) setting shown in the diagram to 0 (disable) or 1 (enable). (This is the only way the RRP option can be changed.)

When RRP is disabled, Speed Limit Fallback will function as described below (only during handshaking or retraining).

Speed Fallback

This section applies only to Hayes, V.25bis, dumb and leased line modes (except V.29).

Speed Fallback applies only to V.34/V.32/V.32bis/V.32terbo and 19.2 Kbps proprietary operation. When Speed Fallback is enabled (the default setting), the ALX modem will automatically select the highest possible connect rate (data rate), depending on the signal quality during handshaking, as explained below:

For these models… …the modem will

…or will fall back to:

automatically select:

ALX V.34, ALX V.34M ALX V.32/19.2, ALX V.32/19.2M ALX V.32/14.4, ALX V.32/14.4M ALX V.32,

28.8 Kbps 26.4, 24.0, 21.6, 19.2, 16.8, 14.4, or 12.0 Kbps or 9600, 7200, 4800 or 2400 bps

19.2 Kbps 16.8, 14.4 or 12.0 Kbps or 9600, 7200 or 4800 bps

14.4 Kbps 12.0 Kbps or 9600, 7200 or 4800 bps

9600 bps 7200 or 4800 bps

ALX V.32M

The error rate threshold is one error in 10,000 bits. If the error rate exceeds this threshold, the ALX will fall back to a lower connect rate. Fallback may also occur during retrain sequences.

Speed fallback functions when the modem is in manual or automatic originate mode or manual or automatic answer mode.

To disable or enable automatic Speed Fallback, refer to Appendix C and the DATA PUMP OPTIONS diagram. (This is the only way the Speed Fallback setting can be changed.)

Note: All models can fall back to speeds lower than those listed in the above table. See previous Operating Mode Fallback section. The criterion for speed fallback is signal quality,

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whereas operating mode fallback is determined by the modes supported by both communicating modems.

DUMB MODE and BELL 208 OPERATION

Bell 208 operation is available on all models except the ALX V.32 and ALX V.32M.

For additional information on dumb mode, see Chapter 1. For additional Bell 208 information, see Chapter 1 and the Communication Standard section in Chapter 2.

Both modes: For information on storing and autodialing phone numbers, see Front Panel Autodialing earlier in this chapter. For dialing parameters that can be used to modify dialing operations, see Table 4-2.

Manual Originate / Answer Operation

When the ALX modem is operating in dumb mode or configured for Bell 208 operation, data calls may be manually originated from a phone set. (Plug the phone into the modem jack marked “PHONE.”)

For manual originate/answer operation, configure the remote modem for automatic or manual answer. Use the dumb mode, Bell 208 or V.3x/208 Quick Setup to configure the modem. (The dumb mode Quick Setup defaults to asynchronous operation; the Bell 208 and V.3x/208 Quick Setups default to synchronous operation.)

Any of these three Quick Setups will set the modem to originate mode. If you want to set your modem to answer mode, use the front panel controls to access the ANS/ORG DEFAULT screen (MODEM SETUPS screen 4). Then select ANSWER (answer mode).

Originating a Data Call Manually

To manually originate a data call, select TALK from MAIN MENU screen 1. The ALX will display the MANUAL-DIAL screen. Select TALK again. This puts the ALX in talk mode. Lift the handset, listen for the dial tone, and dial the phone number of the remote modem.

When you hear a high-pitched answer tone, select DATA from the MANUAL-DIAL screen, and place the handset back on the cradle. The LCD displays the status of the communication; typically it will appear as follows:

The data link between the two modems is now established, and data transfer can begin.

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Answering a Data Call Manually An incoming call may be answered manually or automatically; although to answer a data call manually, the Auto-Answer option must be disabled (or S register S0 must be set to 0). Before the call is received, the ALX must be set to TALK, as explained in the previous section. The unit that will be switched to DATA mode first must be set for answer mode (using the answer/originate option). The other unit must be set for originate mode. Note: If you set the ALX modem to talk mode, the phone will ring, but the ALX will not answer, even if the AutoAnswer option is enabled.

After the phone rings, and you answer it, you must set the ALX for data mode: With the MANUAL-DIAL screen still displayed, select DATA. This puts the ALX in data mode.

The first person to go to data mode will hear the telephone disconnect as the modem connects. The other person must wait until he or she hears an answer tone, and then switch to data mode (select DATA). When both modems are in data mode, data communication begins. The LCD displays the status of the connection.

Terminating a Data Call There are several ways to terminate a data call. One way is through communication software – by following the software manufacturer’s instructions. Alternate methods are:

• Select TALK (talk mode) from the MANUAL-DIAL screen.

• Select HANGUP from the AUTO-DIAL screen.

• Drop the DTR signal from the DTE (by software control or by turning the DTE off).

V.3x/208 Auto-Detect Mode

This section applies only to models that support Bell 208 operation, and it applies to the answer modem only.

When V.3x/208 auto-detect mode is enabled, the ALX will automatically select V.34, V.32bis or Bell 208 operation. (Only the ALX V.34 and V.34M can operate in V.34 mode; all other models will automatically select V.32bis or Bell 208 mode.)

V.32 Operation If an answering ALX in V.3x/208 mode detects a V.32 handshake, it will operate with the following options set as shown:

• Data format – synchronous

• V.13 operation – TX and RX

• Carrier type – constant

• CTS to EIA – RTS (CTS follows RTS)

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For successful data transfer, these options must be set in the same way on the originating modem as well – and the speed of the originating modem must be 4800 bps or higher.

Bell 208 Operation If an answering ALX in V.3x/208 mode detects a Bell 208 modem, it will operate with the following options set as shown:

• Data format – synchronous

• V.13 operation – off

• Carrier type - switched

The originating Bell 208 modem must be configured to detect the Bell 208 answer tone before it goes to data mode. (Some 208 modems may not have this option.)

Automatic Fallback When the ALX is configured for V.3x/208 auto-select mode and is in answer mode, it will not handshake in V.22bis, Bell 212/103 or V.21/V.22, V.23 mode.

V.13 OPERATION

The ALX modem can be configured for ITU-T V.13 operation (which emulates half duplex operation) for either point-to-point or multidrop applications. (For configuration details for these applications, see V.13 Operation in Chapter 2.) The ALX normally operates in full duplex; however, some applications (such as certain network environments) may require control of a remote CD signal by a local Request to Send (RTS) signal. V.13 operation allows a local RTS control of a remote CD signal without actual ON-OFF switching of the modem carrier.

The following explains how the ALX modem will respond to RTS signals when it is configured for V.13 operation:

When RTS is raised high by the terminal, the V.13 ON PATTERN will be sent. The modem will then raise CTS (and data can be sent). When the RTS is brought low, the V.13 IDLE PATTERN will be sent, and the modem will drop CTS. (If V.13 TX is enabled but the modem data pump is not ready to send, i.e., if it is training or retraining, raising RTS will cause CTS to be raised, but the V.13 ON PATTERN will not be sent.) When V.13 RX is enabled, CD will turn ON if the V.13 ON PATTERN is detected; CD will turn OFF if the V.13 IDLE PATTERN is detected or if the modem retrains, loses carrier or is reset.

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V.26/V.26bis OPERATION

The ALX modem can be configured for ITU-T V.26 or V.26bis operation. These two operating modes are described below:

• V.26 mode – 4-wire leased line, 2400 bps, full duplex

• V.26bis mode – 2-wire dialup line, 2400 bps, half duplex

Note that these modes do not support automatic rate adjustment (fallback), the ALX Speed Limit option, error correction or ALX diagnostics.

Configuration for V.26 (Leased Line) Mode To configure the ALX modem for V.26 (leased line) operation, follow these steps:

1. Use the procedure explained on page 8 to select Quick Setup 13, 4-WLL V.29 (4-wire leased

line V.29 mode).

2. Use the front panel LCD to change the Communication Standard option to V.26.

3. Use the LCD to change the Carrier Type option to switched (SWITCH).

Configuration for V.26bis (Dial Line) Mode To configure the ALX modem for V.26bis (dial) operation, follow these steps:

1. Follow steps 1, 2 and 3 above (under Configuration for V.26 (Leased Line) Mode).

2. Use the LCD to change the Line Type option to 2W-D (2-wire dial).

DTR DIALING

Note: To use DTR dialing in V.25bis mode, you must use the Summary Setup feature, as

explained in Chapter 5.

Dialing a Stored Number

DTR dialing allows you to set up the ALX modem to automatically dial a stored number even when the autodialer has not been enabled.

To enable DTR dialing, select DTR from the DIALER option screen.

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When DTR dialing is enabled, an OFF-to-ON transition of DTR causes the ALX to automatically dial the number stored in the phone cell displayed in the front panel AUTO-DIAL screen. DTR must remain on for at least 50 ms to affect automatic dialing. A 50-ms drop of DTR will abort the process or disconnect the call. When DTR goes high again for at least 50 ms, the automatic dialing process will begin again.

Answer Mode Operation

If the modem is set for DTR dialing, it will automatically answer without DTR. However, it will not be able to transfer data until DTR goes high. The call may be terminated by dropping DTR.

DIAL LINE AUTO-RECOVERY

The Dial Line Auto-Recovery feature allows you to set up the modem for a dial-up application so it will automatically redial to restore a broken connection if the modem goes on-hook. In this way, the Dial Line Auto-Recovery feature emulates the reliability of a leased line connection.

Setting up the ALX for Dial Line Auto-Recovery

Three steps are required to set up the modem for Dial Line Auto-Recovery:

1. Store the phone number to be dialed and include the /R (dial line auto-recovery) command.

2. Specify the phone cell where the number to be dialed for auto-recovery is stored.

3. Enable Dial Line Auto-Recovery.

Storing the Phone Number With /R Command To configure the modem for Dial Line Auto-Recovery from the front panel, access the PHONE CELL: screen and use the PROG selection to store the phone number to be dialed for autorecovery. Include the /R command immediately after the phone number:

An alternate way to store a phone number for Dial Line Auto-Recovery (in Hayes mode only) is to use the Hayes AT &Z command to store the phone number and the /R command in a phone cell by entering:

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AT &Zc=T555-4545/R

where c is the number of the phone cell (0-49) where the number will be stored.

Specifying the Phone Cell to be Used for Auto-Recovery

The phone number that will be used for Dial-Line Auto-Recovery is the number stored in the phone cell currently displayed in the AUTO-DIAL screen. (For Dial Line Auto-

Recovery to function, the selected phone cell must include a phone number and the /R command.) To view the AUTO-DIAL screen or change the phone cell currently selected for auto-recovery (and front panel autodialing), see page 71.

Enabling Dial Line Auto-Recovery

Dial Line Auto-Recovery will not be active until you select DIAL from the front panel AUTO-DIAL screen (or, in Hayes mode, use the command AT DS=c – or, in V.25bis mode,

use the command CRS c – where c is the number of the phone cell where the phone number for auto-recovery is stored). To disable Dial Line Auto-Recovery, select RESET from MAIN MENU screen 3.

Recovery Procedure

If Dial Line Auto-Recovery is enabled and the modem goes on-hook, it will redial the stored phone number up to 10 times. It will redial 5 times at 30-second intervals, wait 2 hours, and then redial 5 additional times at 30-second intervals. The modem stops redialing after 10 attempts.

If a connection has been broken and re-established and is then broken again, the full sequence of 10 redial attempts will not occur unless the modem has been on-line for more than 1 hour. The modem will redial, but it is programmed not to exceed more than 10 redial attempts in 1 hour.

LEASED LINE AUTO-RECOVERY

Leased Line Auto-Recovery allows the ALX to automatically restore operation for a leased line application by using dial lines as a backup when conditions on the leased line deteriorate. The ALX uses signal quality and loss of carrier detect to determine if line conditions are unsatisfactory. Leased Line Auto-Recovery is accessed via the front panel AUTO-RECOVERY screen.

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The following conditions are required for Leased Line Auto-Recovery:

• Leased Line Auto-Recovery must be enabled (using the Leased Line Auto-Recovery

Select option) on both communicating modems.

• The Leased Line Auto-Recovery Select, Return and Test options must be set correctly on

both communicating modems, as explained in the following sections.

• A dial backup line (or lines) must be installed.

• The phone number to be dialed (the backup line) must be stored in the originate modem.

The phone number that will be used for Leased Line Auto-Recovery is the number stored in the phone cell currently displayed in the AUTO-DIAL screen of the originate modem. To view the AUTO-DIAL screen or change the phone cell currently

selected for auto-recovery (and front panel autodialing), see page 71.

• Auto-answer must be enabled on the answer modem.

Autodial Backup

The ALX will automatically dial the stored number to connect over the backup line if it detects poor signal quality (ER) or a loss of carrier detect (CD) on the leased line. The criteria used by the ALX in assessing the condition of the leased line depend upon the settings of the Signal Quality option (one error in 10^4 of 10^6 bits) and the Carrier Detect Level option (-26, -33 or 43 dBm).

Dial Backup Message When dial backup occurs (either automatically or by operator intervention), the following message will flash on the front panel LCD of both modems if the TIA/EIA status screen is displayed:

This message will clear when the modem returns to the leased line. If you want to clear the message while the modem is still in dial backup mode, press the ENT pushbutton.

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Exit From Leased Line Auto-Recovery

If the Leased Line Auto-Recovery Return option is enabled (see below), the modem will automatically exit the Auto-Recovery mode when the leased line conditions are satisfactory. Any normal disconnects (such as loss of carrier or line current) may also disconnect the dial connections and return communication to the leased line.

To ensure the proper disconnect capabilities for Leased Line Auto Recovery mode, both of the following disconnect options must be enabled on both modems: line current disconnect (CURRENT DISC’T screen) and carrier disconnect (CARRIER DISC’T).

To manually exit the Leased Line Auto-Recovery mode and return to leased line operation, select DIAL from MAIN MENU screen 1, and then select HANGUP from the AUTO-DIAL screen.

Leased Line Auto-Recovery Options

The following options allow you to specify the criteria the ALX will use in determining when to enter and exit the Leased Line Auto-Recovery mode:

- Leased Line Auto-Recovery Select (SELECT)

This option determines the type of Leased Line Auto-Recovery desired. “DIAL IF BAD > (1, 2, 3 or 4) min” or “DIAL IF BACK > 30 s (seconds)” means dial backup will occur if bad line conditions are present for the specified (selected) time period. To disable Leased Line Auto Recovery, select NO AUTO RECOVERY. A sixth option, Manual Recovery, is discussed below.

Note: If “DIAL IF BAD > (1, 2, 3 or 4) min (or 30 s)” is selected, the Select option settings of the answer and originate units must be the same.

Manual Recovery

If both modems are set for MANUAL RECOVERY, the originate unit can be used to autodial the number stored via the PHONE screen without having to change the LINE TYPE setting on either unit. To autodial, access the AUTO-DIAL screen and select DIAL. To return to the leased line, select HANGUP from the AUTO-DIAL screen.

- Return from Leased Line Auto-Recovery (RETN)

This option determines the criteria for exiting Leased Line Auto-Recovery mode.

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“RETURN IF GOOD > (10, 40, 60 or 120) s” means the modem will automatically exit the Leased Line Auto-Recovery mode when it tests and finds the leased line in good condition for more than the time period specified (10, 40, 60 or 120 s). If the Return option is set to OFF, the modem will stay in the Auto-Recovery mode indefinitely, unless you select HANGUP from the AUTO-DIAL screen or unless a loss of line current or other normal disconnect occurs. Either event will return communication to the leased line.

Notes: The Return option setting must be the same on both communicating units. For operation with older Alliance Series modems, see Chapter 2.

- Test Interval (Test)

If the Return option has been enabled (> 10, 40, 60, or 120 s), the Test Interval selections control how frequently the ALX will test the leased line conditions to determine if exit from the Leased Line Auto-Recovery mode is desirable (based on the criteria selected for return from Auto-Recovery). The ALX can be set to test every 10, 20, 40 or 60 minutes.

Note: The Test option setting must be the same on both units. In asynchronous mode, with error correction or buffering enabled, no data can be transmitted or received during the test period.

- Test Type for Leased Line Auto-Recovery

This option is available only on special ALX models equipped for non-interruptive dial backup.

These special models can perform a continuous non-interruptive test of the leased line while the ALX is in dial backup mode.

The non-interruptive test allows the modem to return to the leased line as soon as the leased line is good, rather than waiting a specified period of time and then having to interrupt the data flow to check the leased line. This test checks for leased line continuity – it does not verify the signal quality as the interruptive test does.

INTER Allows an interruptive test to determine the line condition. This is the normal AutoRecovery mode used by ALX models without the non-interruptive test capability.

NON-INT Enables the continuous non-interruptive test when the ALX is in dial backup mode.

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SECURITY OPERATION

NOTE: The security features described in this manual provide a deterrent to unauthorized access. No communications system can be made perfectly secure. Raymar Information Technology, Inc. cannot guarantee the invulner ability of any communications system.

Two types of security operation are available to screen incoming calls:

• Automatic password protection (APP). Users do not have to enter a password, but

both modems must be correctly configured to exchange the same password (as part of a security handshake), or they will not be able to connect. The originating and answer modems must both be Raymar-Telenetics ALX V.32M, V.32/14.4M, V.32/19.2M or V.34M modems.

• Manual-response password protection (MPP). Remote users attempting to connect to

the ALX are required to enter a password. Incoming calls are accepted only if the user enters a valid password. MPP is available on all ALX models, in Hayes mode only.

APP and MPP may be programmed to include or not include security callback.

Automatic Password Protection (APP)

APP, which uses the ALX security handshake, is available on the ALX V.32M, V.32/14.4M, V.32/19.2M and V.34M only.

The ALX can be configured for two types of APP:

• APP without callback – The ALX can be configured so that each time it receives a

connect request from another modem, it automatically employs a security handshake which includes a user-assigned password. Connect requests will be accepted only from modems that have been preprogrammed with the same password. APP without callback functions in any operating mode that uses trellis coding.

• APP with callback – This type of password protection is the same as described above,

except that the answer ALX connects with the originating modem by calling it back. The connection can only be made if both modems are preprogrammed with the same password and if the answer ALX is preprogrammed with the number of the originating modem (the callback phone number). APP with callback is for dialup applications only (synchronous or asynchronous).

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With either type of APP, each incoming call is password protected, yet there is no need for users to enter a password. Passwords are preprogrammed, sent over the modem’s auxiliary channel, and automatically compared by the ALX. The only time manual intervention is required is when the password (and callback number, if used) is established or changed.

If desired, the password can be disabled. This allows the ALX to accept calls from modems that have not been programmed to send the correct password – including modems that do not support the ALX security handshake.

The automatically invoked password (and callback phone number, if used) is stored in nonvolatile memory, so it will be maintained in the event of a power loss or quick (soft) reset.

However, a factory reset will clear the automatic password (and callback number, if used) from memory.

Note: When APP is used, the ALX will not fall back to speeds that do not use trellis coding.

After a connection has been established using the security handshake and automatic password (and callback phone number, if used), a flashing “S” will be displayed in the top left corner of the TIA/EIA status screen to indicate that a secure connection has been made. (If the modem is in a dial mode, “S” – and “D” for dial line occupied – will flash alternatively.)

The APP process is summarized below. Answer modem (or ALX) refers to the local ALX; originating modem refers to a remote modem when it calls or attempts to call the answer modem.

• An originating modem calls the answer modem.

• Originating modem automatically sends the preprogrammed password via the security

handshake.

• If the answer ALX is configured for APP without callback, it confirms the password and

connects.

For APP without callback, this is the end of the process. For APP with callback, the process continues:

• Both modems go on-hook.

• Answer ALX calls the originating modem back.

• Modems exchange security handshake (again) and connect.

Configuring Modems for APP The procedures for configuring the originating and answer modems for both types of APP are summarized below and then explained in detail in the subsequent sections.

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APP without Callback

• Enter the same password in the front panel password screen (on the LCD) of the

originating modem and answer modem.

APP with Callback

• Enter a password in the front panel password screen of the originating modem (the user

password).

• A password must be entered in the front panel password screen of the answer ALX (the

master password). Any password will do (even a single character), except that it should not be the same as the user password, and it should not be the same as any other password stored in the answer modem’s memory (for APP or MPP). APP with callback

will not function if the master password is removed.

• Use the Hayes AT &Z command to store the user password and callback phone number

in the answer modem’s memory.

Password Screens

For either type of APP, a password must be preprogrammed through the PASSWORD screen of both the answer and originating modems, as explained below. (The PASSWORD screen is displayed only on the ALX V.32M, V.32/14.4M, V.32/19.2M and V.34M.)

For APP without callback, use the same password on both modems. For APP with callback, do not use the same password – see the preceding section.

Establishing or Changing the Automatic Password

The automatic password can be changed (or initially established) using the front panel password screens shown below. These screens are accessed via the PASSWORD screen.

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Note: The change-password and clear password confirmation screens will not be displayed if the front panel is disabled. (See Front Panel Control in Chapter 2.)

To change or establish the automatic password, select CHANGE from the PASSWORD screen. The change-password screen will be displayed. If a password has been previously programmed, it will be displayed.

Use the right and left arrow pushbuttons to move from one character position to the next. The character at the current location will flash on and off. Use pushbutton 1 to change the character at the current cursor location to the next descending character or pushbutton 3 to change it to the next ascending character. Use pushbutton 2 to skip through groups of characters (ascending). Use the arrow pushbuttons to move on to the next character to be changed.

Valid Password Characters

The following paragraph applies to all APP passwords except the user password entered in the originating modem for APP with callback:

Valid password characters are A through Z (upper case or lower case), 0 through 9 and the following symbols: ! “ # $ % & ‘ ( ) * + , - . / Spaces function as valid password characters;

therefore, a password that includes spaces will only match another password with spaces in the same positions. Note, however, that a space in the first character position will disable the password. When the LCD cursor is in the same position as a space, the space is shown on

the LCD as a flashing black rectangle: ; otherwise, spaces appear as void spaces.

The following paragraph applies only to the user password entered in the originating modem when configuring modems for APP with callback:

The only valid password characters are capital A through Z. If any characters outside this range are used, callback operation will not function. No spaces between the letters are allowed, except that the user password (as entered on the front panel) must end with a space (

Entering the Selected Password When the new password is correctly displayed on the LCD, press the ENT pushbutton. This will cause the new password to take effect.

The modems are configured for APP without callback when matching passwords are entered in the front panel password screens of both modems.

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APP with Callback: Storing the Password with Callback Number

This section applies only to APP with callback.

If you have followed these instructions to this point, the user password will be stored in the front panel password screen of the originating modem, and a different password (the master password) will be stored in the front panel password screen of the answer ALX. (The master password should be different from the user password, because it can be used to access the answer ALX directly, without callback. The master password allows access for troubleshooting from a remote site.)

The final setup in configuring the modems for APP with callback is to store the user password in the answer modem’s memory, along with the callback phone number, as explained below.

From the DTE, use the Hayes AT &Z command and /S (a special command) to store the user password (capital A through Z, no spaces) and callback number in a specific phone cell. Phone cells 2-49 may be used. The following example shows how to store a user password and callback number in phone cell 3:

Enter AT &Z3=T5551212/SGRAPE

The callback number (phone number of the originating modem) in this example is 555-1212 (with T used to specify tone dialing). The user password is GRAPE. (When the user password is entered on the front panel password screen of the originating modem, a space is required at the end. Do not use a space at the end when storing the password with the AT &Z command.)

A remote user can now call from the specified callback number, 555-1212. The originating ALX will send the preprogrammed password GRAPE as part of the security handshake. The answer ALX will confirm the password and connect by calling the originating modem back.

Disabling APP

Temporarily Disabling APP

To temporarily disable either type of APP, select CHANGE from the PASSWORD screen. The change-password screen will be displayed. With the cursor in the first character position, press pushbutton 2 (SKIP) until a space appears (flashing: disabled.

With the password disabled, the answer ALX can connect to another modem that is not equipped to use or is not configured to use APP (i.e., if a password has not been entered in the front panel change-password screen). However, it will not be able to connect to a modem that is programmed with a password for APP without callback. To restore the password, replace the space with the first character of the password and press ENT.

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). Then press ENT. The password will be

Clearing the Password To clear the front panel password from memory, select CLEAR from the PASSWORD screen. The clear-password confirmation screen will be displayed. Press pushbutton 2 to confirm that you want to clear the password.

If no password is stored, the ALX will be able to connect to other modems that are not equipped to use or are not configured to use an automatic password APP. To temporarily disable the automatic password, see the previous section.

Manual-Response Password Protection (MPP)

MPP is available on all ALX models in asynchronous 2-Wire-Dial Hayes emulation mode only.

MPP will function only for connections made using error correction (V.42/V.42bis or MNP) or buffer mode.

The ALX can be configured for two types of MPP:

• MPP without callback – The ALX will pass a connection on to the DTE interface only

after it receives a valid password.

• MPP with callback – The answer ALX will call back an authorized user after he or she

enters a valid password.

Both types of security operation provide security on incoming calls by requiring remote users to manually enter a valid password. In addition, access to Hayes-compatible commands for viewing and storing phone numbers is password protected.

The MPP process is summarized below:

• A remote (originating) modem calls the local (answer) ALX modem.

• Local modem answers.

• Remote user sends carriage return [CR].

• Answer modem sends PASSWORD? query to remote DTE display.

• Remote user sends unique password (assigned to remote modem).

• Answer modem confirms password and grants access (if programmed for MPP without

callback) or initiates security callback (if programmed for MPP with callback).

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Commands for Enabling MPP Modem configuration for MP is controlled from the DTE by a special set of password commands. These commands are implemented by using the Hayes AT &Z command to store them in memory. If an administrative password has been implemented, the front panel will

be disabled and the AT &Z command will not function until it (the AT &Z command) is unlocked. (The procedure for unlocking the AT &Z command is explained in the subsequent section titled How to Use Password Commands.)

The ALX modem incorporates 50 phone cells (memory locations) for storing telephone numbers. Phone cells may also be used to store passwords and/or the MPP password commands listed in Table 3-1. To implement a security command, use the Hayes AT &Z command to store the command in a specific phone cell. The password commands are listed in Table 3-1 and explained in detail in the sections that follow.

Command Function Example 1 Phone cell 2

Set/change administrative password; password-protects use of certain Hayes

&Z1=/ASECURITY

commands

Set password for – MPP without callback………… or MPP with callback…………….

User-defined text string. Used to send a response to the remote terminal user

&Z2=/PYELLOW

&Z2=4443535/PRED

&Z0=/UHELLO

after a valid password is received.

Command string stored using AT &Z command.

Each command will function only in the listed phone cells.

Rules for Using Passwords and Password Commands (MPP)

• Phone cells 0 and 2-49 may be used for storing phone numbers; phone cells 2-49 may be

used to store passwords.

• The entire command string, including the AT &Z command, cannot exceed 64

characters.

2-49

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Passwords

• Passwords and commands may be entered in capitals or lowercase letters. (However,

they will be stored and subsequently displayed as capitals.) Do not include numbers or spaces.

• For MPP without callback, / must be the first character in a phone cell; for MPP with

callback operation, a phone number must be listed first in a phone cell.

• A phone number cannot be stored after / .

Commands

• Only one command (/A, /P, or /U) can be stored in each phone cell.

• Do not leave a space after a command.

• When using the /U command, store /U and the specified text string only in cell 0. Do not

include spaces or dialing modifiers in the text string.

How to Use Password Commands

To Establish or Change the Administrative Password: An administrative password is not required for security operation, but for greatest security, an administrative password should be used. When implemented, the administrative password controls access to the Hayes-compatible &V and &Z commands. These commands are required to view or modify the modem’s security configuration (as explained in the following sections).

To establish or change an administrative password, enter AT &Z1=/ASECURITY

but replace SECURITY with the password of your choice.

Notes: The administrative password may only be stored in phone cell 1. The command line, including AT &Z1=, cannot exceed 64 characters.

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To Unlock the &V and &Z Commands:

If an administrative password has been implemented, the Hayes-compatible &V and &Z commands cannot be accessed unless they are first unlocked using the current administrative password. (&V is used to view the active modem configuration, stored phone numbers, password commands and passwords; &Z is used to store phone number, password commands and passwords). To unlock the &V and &Z commands, enter

AT &Z1=/ASECURITY

or substitute other current password in place of SECURITY.

The &V and &Z commands will now be accessible.

To re-lock the &V and &Z commands, enter AT Z. The DTE will respond with OK, and the &V or &Z commands will not function until they are unlocked.

To Program MPP without Callback Operation:

Use the commands AT &Z and /P to specify the password to be used for MPP without callback operation. For example, the following command string programs phone cell 5 for MPP without callback:

AT &Z5=/PYELLOW

The password is YELLOW. After the modems connect, the remote user presses the DTE Enter key once. The DTE will then prompt the user to enter the assigned password by displaying the PASSWORD? query. If the user enters the correct password, YELLOW, the call will be connected.

Note: MPP passwords may only be stored in phone cells 2 through 49.

To Program MPP with Callback Operation: Use the commands AT &Z and /P to specify the callback phone number and password to be used. For example, the following command string programs phone cell 35 for callback operation:

AT &Z35=T5551212/PCANARY

The callback number in this example is 555-1212 (with T used to specify tone dialing); the password is CANARY. A remote user can now call from the specified callback number, 555-

1212. After the modems connect, the remote user presses the DTE Enter key once. The DTE will then prompt the user to enter the assigned password by displaying the PASSWORD? query.

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Upon receipt of the correct password, CANARY, the local ALX will call back the remote user at 555-1212. Once this connection is established, data may pass freely.

To Program a Response to a Correct Password:

Enter AT &Z0=/UMESSAGE

But replace MESSAGE with the message of your choice.

The DTE will respond with the specified message when the modem receives a correct password.

Note: The /U command and message can only be stored in phone cell 0.

Note: MPP passwords and callback numbers may only be stored in phone cells 2 through 49.

To Suppress the PASSWORD? Query Message:

For an added measure of security, the PASSWORD? query message may be disabled. With the query message suppressed, unauthorized users will not be informed that a password is required; however, a password will nonetheless be required if an MPP password has been implemented. The only difference will be the absence of the PASSWORD? query message.

To suppress the PASSWORD? message, refer to Appendix C and the V.42 ERROR CORRECTION OPTIONS diagram. Change the PASSWORD? query message setting shown in the diagram, from 1 (the factory setting) to 0.

Disabling Security Operation

To clear the modem security configuration, and thereby deactivate security operation (APP or MPP), initiate a factory reset as follows: Push and hold in the right arrow pushbutton on the front panel as you power up the modem until the words “FACTORY DEFAULT” appear on the LCD.

This will reconfigure the modem to the state it was in when shipped from the factory. Security operation will be permanently disabled – unless the modem is later reconfigured for security operation. Note that a factory reset will delete any phone numbers stored in the modem’s memory.

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MODEM-CONTROLLED REMOTE CONTROL

Certain ALX modems can be used to remotely control other ALX modems. Alternately, ALX modems may be remotely controlled from a computer or other DTE. This section explains modem-controlled remote control. Remote control from a DTE is explained later in this chapter, in the Diagnostic Port Control section.

Only ALX V.32M, V.32/14.4M, V.32/19.2M and V.34M modems can be used to remotely control other ALX modems. Which ALX models can be remotely controlled depends on the type of remote control employed, as stated in the following sections.

Two types of modem-controlled remote control are possible:

• Direct modem-to-modem control – One modem can be used to control the front panel

of another modem through a phone link.

• Control through a rack controller – A modem in a rack enclosure equipped with an

intelligent rack controller can control -

Another modem in the same rack or A remote modem connected to any modem in the rack.

For both types of remote control, the controlling modem and the controlled (remote) modem must be connected at a data rate that uses trellis coding. (This does not apply,

however, if both modems are installed in the same rack and the rack is equipped with a rack controller.)

Direct Modem-to-Modem Remote Control

REMOTE screen 1 on the LCD allows you to use one ALX modem to control the front panel of another ALX modem via a phone link. Specifically, an ALX V.32M, V.32/14.4M, V.32/19.2M

or V.34M modem may be used to control the front panel of another ALX V.32M, V.32/14.4M, V.32/19.2M or V.34M. (REMOTE screen 2 is discussed in the subsequent section

titled Remote Control through a Rack Controller.)

Control Procedure (Modem-to-Modem)

Enabling Modem-to-Modem Remote Control Mode To remotely control a modem connected by a direct phone link, access REMOTE screen 1 (shown below). This screen is only present on the ALX V.32M, V.32/14.4M, V.32/19.2M and V.34M.

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If you select CONTROL, you will be able to control the front panel of the remote modem from the front panel of the modem you are using. When you select CONTROL, you will see (on the LCD of the modem you are using) whatever is currently displayed on the LCD of the remote modem. The characters on the LCD will be displayed in lower case – this is to let you know you are actually looking at a “copy” of the LCD of the remote modem. Buttons pressed on the front panel of the controlling modem will affect the controlled modem (and not the controlling modem). When you are remotely controlling another modem, the LCD will not change as quickly as it normally does.

Note: While an ALX modem is being remotely controlled by another modem or is remotely controlling another modem, its diagnostic port cannot be used for other purposes – commands from the diagnostic port will be ignored.

(You can also access two remote test options from REMOTE 1 screen by selecting TEST. These test options, remote digital loopback and remote digital loopback self test, are described in Chapter 6.)

Exiting from Remote Control Mode To exit from remote control mode, press the ENT pushbutton 5 times in succession on the front panel of the controlling modem. (If the remote modem resets as a result of a configuration change, the local modem will appear to have no control. To remedy this situation, press the ENT button 5 times.)

Remote Control through a Rack Controller

When installed in a rack enclosure equipped with an intelligent rack controller, an ALX V.32M, V.32/14.4M, V.32/19.2M or V.34M can be used to control –

• Another modem in the same rack or

• A remote modem connected to any modem in the rack (address control mode only).

Remote control through a rack controller is an especially valuable capability for modems used in Raymar-Telenetics’ high-density 16-slot rack enclosures. The low-profile modems specially designed for these racks are manufactured without an LCD user interface or control pushbuttons. (These modems are described in Appendix E.) One way to access the low-profile modems to monitor, test or configure them is by using the modem control feature described below.

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Raymar Alliance V.34M, Alliance V.34, Alliance V.32/14.4, Alliance V.32, Alliance V.32/19.2M Instruction Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual