The MAX9132/MAX9134/MAX9135 high-speed, multiple-port, low-voltage differential signaling (LVDS) crossbar switches are specially designed for digital video
and camera signal transmission. These switches have a
wide bandwidth, supporting data rates up to 840Mbps.
The MAX9132 has three input ports and two output
ports, the MAX9134 has three input ports and four output ports, and the MAX9135 has four input ports and
three output ports. The digital video or camera signal
can go through the switches from an input port to one
or multiple output ports.
The MAX9132/MAX9134/MAX9135 switch routing is
programmable through either an I
2
C interface or a
Local Interconnect Network (LIN) serial interface. In
addition, the MAX9134/MAX9135 provide pins to set
switch routing. These pins also set the initial conditions
for the I2C mode. To generate more input or output
ports, these switches can be connected in parallel or in
cascade.
The MAX9132/MAX9134/MAX9135 operate from a
+3.3V supply and are specified over the -40°C to
+105°C temperature range. The MAX9134/MAX9135
are available in a 32-pin (5mm x 5mm) TQFP package,
while the MAX9132 is available in a 20-pin (6.5mm x
4.4mm) TSSOP package. The input/output port pins are
rated up to ±25kV ESD for the ISO Air-Gap Discharge
Model, ±15kV ESD for the IEC Air-Gap Discharge
Model, and ±10kV for the ESD Contact Discharge
Model. All other pins support up to ±3kV ESD for the
Human Body Model.
Applications
Digital Video in Automotive
Video/Audio Distribution Systems
Camera Surveillance Systems
High-Speed Digital Media Routing
Navigation System Displays
Features
Supports up to 840Mbps Data Rate at Each Port
Nonactivated Ports are in High-Impedance State
for Easy Port Expansion
Programmable Preemphasis on LVDS Outputs
Self Common-Mode Biasing on LVDS Inputs
Three Selectable Approaches for Switch Routing:
I
2
C Interface
LIN Interface
Programmable Pins (MAX9134/MAX9135)
= +3.0V to +3.6V, TA= -40°C to +105°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at V
AVDD
= V
DVDD
= V
LVDSVDD
= +3.3V, TA= +25°C.) (Note 2)
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
VDDto GND...........................................................-0.3V to +4.0V
All Pins to GND .............................................-0.3V to V
—910S0Routing Selection 0 Input. See Tables 6a and 6b.
—1011S1Routing Selection 1 Input. See Tables 6a and 6b.
—1112S2Routing Selection 2 Input. See Tables 6a and 6b.
—1213S3Routing Selection 3 Input. See Tables 6a and 6b.
111314AS0
MAX9134
TQFP
PIN
MAX9135
TQFP
NAMEFUNCTION
P ow er - D ow n Inp ut. P D = l ow for p ow er - d ow n. P D = hi g h for p ow er - up w i thout
p r eem p hasi s. Leave P D op en for p ow er - up w i th p r eem p hasi s on al l outp uts.
Digital Power Supply. Bypass DVDD to DGND with 0.1µF and 0.01µF
capacitors as close as possible to the device.
Analog Power Supply. Bypass AVDD to AGND with 0.1µF and 0.01µF
capacitors as close as possible to the device.
2
C and LIN Interface Selection Input. FS = low for LIN, FS = high for I2C.
3-Level I
Input (Table 4)
2
C Address Selection 0 Input (Table 3) or LIN Identifier Selection 0
The MAX9132/MAX9134/MAX9135 high-speed, multiple-port, low-voltage differential signaling (LVDS)
crossbar switches are specially designed for digital
video and camera signal transmission. These switches
have a wide bandwidth, supporting data rates up to
840Mbps. This allows the use of MAX9132/MAX9134/
MAX9135 with LVDS serializers/deserializers (SerDes)
to create a complete video or camera network. The
MAX9132 has three input ports and two output ports,
the MAX9134 has three input ports and four output
ports, and the MAX9135 has four input ports and three
output ports. The video or camera signal can go
through the switch from an input port to one or multiple
output ports.
The MAX9132/MAX9134/MAX9135 switch routing is
programmable through either an I2C interface or a
Local Interconnect Network (LIN) serial interface. AS0
and AS1 set the slave addresses for either of these
modes, allowing several devices on a bus simultaneously. In addition, the MAX9134/MAX9135 provide
3-level pins S[5:0] to set switch routing and the initial
conditions for I2C mode. To improve the signal integrity,
all the LVDS outputs feature selectable preemphasis.
Initial Power-Up
On power-up, all control registers have a value of 0x00.
For the MAX9134/MAX9135, leaving S[5:0] unconnected, allows control through the LIN interface with all outputs deactivated. Otherwise, the switch runs in
pin-control mode with S[5:0] controlling the switch routing. The I2C is also active while the device is in pincontrol mode. Successful routing through I2C overrides
the pin settings. For more details, see the
I2C Interface
section. For the MAX9132, the FS input determines
which interface is active.
Register Description
There are four 1-byte control registers in the
MAX9132/MAX9134/MAX9135. These registers control
the routing of the switch. Table 1 describes the register
map for both I
2
C and LIN. When the MAX9132/
MAX9134/MAX9135 operate in LIN mode, register 0x00
acts as an error flag register. Its function is described
in detail in Table 5. In either I
2
C or LIN mode, the control registers (0x01, 0x02) program the MAX9132/
MAX9134/MAX9135 switch routing control. In addition,
these registers can individually activate and deactivate
preemphasis for each output port. Table 2a describes
the routing for the MAX9132/MAX9134 and Table 2b for
the MAX9135. For I2C programming, register 0xFF controls the activation of routing.
SDA
SCL
t
HD:STA
t
LOW
t
HIGH
t
R
t
F
t
SU:DAT
t
SU:STA
t
SU:STO
t
BUF
t
HD:STA
t
HD:DAT
START
CONDITION
STOP
CONDITION
START
CONDITION
REPEATED
START CONDITION
Figure 1. I2C Serial-Interface Timing Details
Table 1. Register Address Map
REGISTER
ADDRESS (HEX)
0x00RLIN Status RegisterReserved
0x01R/WSwitch Control Register 1Switch Control Register 1
Table 2a. I2C/LIN Switch Routing Control Registers for the MAX9132/MAX9134
BIT 7…………….……………… BIT 0 ACK BIT BIT 7…………….…………………BIT 0 ACK BIT
8-BIT DATAAS
BIT 7…….…….…………BIT 0 ACK BIT
7-BIT SLAVE ID0AS
ADDR
AS
ADDRESS/COMMAND BYTE
SP
SINGLE WRITE
SINGLE READ
BIT 7…………….……….BIT 0 ACK BIT
BIT 7………….…………BIT 0 ACK BITBIT 7…………….……………BIT 0 ACK BIT
8-BIT DATA
/AM
BIT 7…….…………BIT 0 ACK BIT
7-BIT SLAVE ID
0AS
ADDR
ASS7-BIT SLAVE ID
1AS
ADDRESS/COMMAND BYTE
SP
ADDR: 8-BIT REGISTER ADDRESS
S: 2-WIRE BUS START CONDITION BY MASTER
P: 2-WIRE BUS STOP CONDITION BY MASTER
AS: ACKNOWLEDGE BY SLAVE
AM: ACKNOWLEDGE BY MASTER
/AM: NO ACKNOWLEDGE BY MASTER
Figure 2. Single-Byte Write and Single-Byte Read
REGISTER
ADDRESS
0x01
0x02
(MAX9134 only)
REGISTER BIT(S)DESCRIPTIONVALUEFUNCTION
D7DOUT1 Preemphasis
0DOUT1 preemphasis off
1DOUT1 preemphasis on
000DOUT1 in high impedance
D[6:4]
DOUT1 Routing
Connection
001DOUT1 connected to DIN1
010DOUT1 connected to DIN0
011DOUT1 connected to DIN2
D3DOUT0 Preemphasis
0DOUT0 preemphasis off
1DOUT0 preemphasis on
000DOUT0 in high impedance
D[2:0]
DOUT0 Routing
Connection
001DOUT0 connected to DIN1
010DOUT0 connected to DIN0
011DOUT0 connected to DIN2
D7DOUT3 Preemphasis
0DOUT3 preemphasis off
1DOUT3 preemphasis on
000DOUT3 in high impedance
D[6:4]
DOUT3 Routing
Connection
001DOUT3 connected to DIN1
010DOUT3 connected to DIN0
011DOUT3 connected to DIN2
D3DOUT2 Preemphasis
0DOUT2 preemphasis off
1DOUT2 preemphasis on
000DOUT2 in high impedance
D[2:0]
DOUT2 Routing
Connection
001DOUT2 connected to DIN1
010DOUT2 connected to DIN0
011DOUT2 connected to DIN2
MAX9132/MAX9134/MAX9135
I2C Interface
The MAX9132/MAX9134/MAX9135 operate as slaves
that send and receive data through I
2
C (see Figure 1).
The interface uses a serial-data line (SDA) and a serialclock line (SCL) to achieve bidirectional communication
between master(s) and slave(s). A master (typically a
microcontroller) initiates all data transfers to and from
the slave and generates the SCL clock that synchronizes the data transfer. The SDA line operates as both
an input and an open-drain output. A pullup resistor,
typically 4.7kΩ, is required on SDA. The SCL line operates only as an input. A pullup resistor is required on
SCL if there are multiple masters on the I2C interface, or
if the master in a single-master system has an opendrain SCL output. Each transmission consists of a
START condition sent by a master, followed by the 7-bit
slave address plus R/W bit, a register address byte, a
data byte, and finally a STOP condition. Table 3 shows
the slave address selection by the AS0 and AS1 pins.
Data Format for Writing to the Slave
A write to the MAX9132/MAX9134/MAX9135 comprises
the transmission of the slave address with the R/W bit
set to 0, followed by at least 1 byte of information. The
first byte of information is the command byte. The command byte determines which registers of the
MAX9132/MAX9134/MAX9135 are to be written by the
next byte, if received. If a STOP condition is detected
after the command byte is received, the MAX9132/
MAX9134/MAX9135 take no further action beyond storing the command byte. Any bytes that are received
after the command byte are data bytes. The first data
byte goes into the internal register of the crossbar
switch selected by the command byte (Figure 2). If
multiple data bytes are transmitted before a STOP condition is detected, these bytes are generally stored in
subsequent MAX9132/MAX9134/MAX9135 internal registers because the command byte address generally
autoincrements (Table 1).
Data Format for Reading from the Slave
The MAX9132/MAX9134/MAX9135 are read using the
devices’ internally stored command bytes as an
address pointer, the same way the stored command
byte is used as an address pointer for a write. The
pointer does not autoincrement after each data byte is
read. Initiate a read by writing the command byte to the
proper slave address (Figure 2), then send the device’s
slave address with the R/W bit set to 1. The slave now
responds with the contents of the requested register
(Figure 2).
LIN Interface
The LIN interface is a low-speed, low-cost interface used
in slow control signal traffic in automotive applications.
This device is the slave node in the LIN bus cluster and
is designed based on the LIN Rev. 1.3 specification. The
LIN master sends data to the MAX9132/MAX9134/
MAX9135 LSB first, up to a maximum data rate of
20kbps. The LIN slave node waits for the synchronization
pulse, then synchronizes itself to the pulse. The node
must then read the identifier and send/receive data bytes
to the master, setting the error flag register when necessary. The LIN interface uses the same routing function of
the switch control registers (0x01, 0x02) as the I2C interface. The routing action takes place after correct checksum verification. The LIN status register (0x00) holds the
error flags for the LIN transceiver. For a write, the master
writes 2 bytes of data to the registers (0x01, 0x02). For a
read, the slave outputs the contents of registers 0x00,
0x01, and 0x02, along with the stuffing byte at a constant
value (0xFF). In either mode, the checksum follows at the
end of the data bytes. Figure 3 shows the write and read
signal frame format. Figure 4 shows the LIN write and
read data frame.
LIN-Protected Identifier
The LIN bus uses the 8-bit protected identifier (PID) to
address the slave nodes. Two parity bits (MSBs) along
with 6 ID bits (LSBs) make up the PID field. Table 4
defines the sets of the identifiers for the write/read
operations of the LIN slave node. AS0 selects the identifiers. AS1/NSLP becomes the NSLP output for activating the LIN driver chip (MAX13020).
LIN Error Handling
Register 0x00 contains the error flags found in the LIN
signal by the slave note (Table 5). A successful LIN
read resets register 0x00.
Pin Control by S[5:0] (MAX9134/MAX9135)
The programming pins S[5:0] initially set the switch
routing upon power-up, while the device latches the
state of these pins. The I2C interface can override the
power-on state later. Table 6a gives the details of the
routing control for the MAX9134. Table 6b gives the
details of the routing control for the MAX9135.
Applications Information
3-Level Inputs
The MAX9132/MAX9134/MAX9135 use several 3-level
inputs to control the device. Use three-state logic to
realize the 3-level logic using digital control.
Alternatively, if a high-impedance output is unavailable,
apply a voltage of V
DD
/2 to realize the midlevel high-
impedance state.
Table 4. LIN Identifiers for Write and Read Operations
Table 5. Register 0x00 Error Flag Mapping for LIN
MAX9132
MAX9134
MAX9135
V
BAT
MAX13020
V
DD
INH
TXD
RXD
NSLP
LIN
BUS
TXD
5kΩ
5kΩ5kΩ
RXD
NSLP
NWAKE
LIN
Figure 5. Connecting the MAX9132/MAX9134/MAX9135 to the
MAX13020
AS0
Low0x080x080x270xE7
Open0x0A0xCA0x290xE9
High0x1C0x9C0x2B0x2B
ID[5:0]PID FIELDID[5:0]PID FIELD
WRITE IDREAD ID
REGISTER BIT(S)DESCRIPTIONFUNCTION
D[7:5]ReservedReserved
D4SyncSync pulse widths outside the given tolerances detected
D3TransmitValue read on RXD different from value transmitted on TXD during a read
D2ChecksumChecksum sent during a write does not match the expected checksum
D1ParityID parity bit does not match expected parity
D0FrameMessage frame did not complete within the maximum allowed time
MAX9132/MAX9134/MAX9135
Interface Selection Using S[5:0]
(MAX9134/MAX9135)
S[5:0] determine which interface controls the
MAX9134/MAX9135. Leave S[5:0] unconnected or set
to a midlevel state to enable the LIN interface. Other
settings to S[5:0] set the switch routing according to
Tables 6a (MAX9134) and 6b (MAX9135). The I2C interface is active when the MAX9132/MAX9134/MAX9135
are not in LIN interface mode. Writing to an I2C register
overrides the S[5:0] settings.
Interface Selection Using FS
(MAX9132 Only)
The FS input selects the interface for the MAX9132. Set
FS high for LIN interface control and FS low for I2C
interface. The MAX9132 powers up with all LVDS outputs unconnected for either mode.
Interfacing the
MAX9132/MAX9134/MAX9135
to the LIN Bus
The MAX9132/MAX9134/MAX9135 interface to the LIN
bus through the MAX13020 LIN transceivers. This
device translates the +12V to +42V LIN bus signal down
Table 6a. Switch Routing Control Pin Setting for the MAX9134
X = Don’t care.
PORTS5S4S3S2S1S0CONNECTIONDESCRIPTION
0DOUT0 connected to DIN0
OpenDOUT0 connected to DIN1X
0X X X
DOUT0,
DOUT1
1
1X X X 1 X
X0
DOUT2,
DOUT3
X1
X11XXX
XX X 0
XXXOpen
0DOUT2 connected to DIN0
X
OpenDOUT2 connected to DIN1
1DOUT2 connected to DIN2
0DOUT3 connected to DIN0
OpenDOUT3 connected to DIN1
1
Open
X
0DOUT2 connected to DIN0
OpenDOUT2 connected to DIN10
1
0DOUT3 connected to DIN0
OpenDOUT3 connected to DIN1
1
0DOUT1 connected to DIN0
OpenDOUT1 connected to DIN1
1
XX
XX
XX
1DOUT0 connected to DIN2
X
DOUT1 connected to DIN2
0DOUT0 connected to DIN0
OpenDOUT0 connected to DIN1
1DOUT0 connected to DIN2
0DOUT1 connected to DIN0
OpenDOUT1 connected to DIN1
1DOUT1 connected to DIN2
DOUT0 and DOUT1
in high impedance
DOUT3 connected to DIN2
DOUT2 connected to DIN2
DOUT3 connected to DIN2
DOUT2 and DOUT3
in high impedance
Both DOUT0 and DOUT1
outputs are on
DOUT1 is not connected,
DOUT0 is on
DOUT0 is not connected,
DOUT1 is on
Both DOUT0 and DOUT1
are not connected
Both DOUT2 and DOUT3
outputs are on
DOUT3 is not connected,
DOUT2 is on
DOUT2 is not connected,
DOUT3 is on
Both DOUT2 and DOUT3
are not connected
to the +3.3V logic level. Figure 5 shows the circuit that
interfaces the crossbar switches to the LIN bus.
Waking Up the LIN Bus Driver
At power-up, the MAX9132/MAX9134/MAX9135 leave
NSLP low, keeping the LIN bus driver in sleep mode.
When the LIN driver receives a wake-up signal (Figure
6) from the LIN bus, the driver pulls RXD low. When the
MAX9132/MAX9134/MAX9135 detect a falling edge on
RXD, the device pulls NSLP high waking up the LIN driver. The MAX9132/MAX9134/MAX9135 then enable the
TXD pin.
Putting the LIN Bus Driver into Sleep Mode
There are two conditions under which the MAX9132/
MAX9134/MAX9135 put the LIN driver to sleep: line
activity timeout and receiving a sleep command. The
first condition arises if there is inactivity on the LIN bus
for more than 3s. The second condition requires sending the data 0x00 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF
using the identifier 0x3C to the device. If any of the two
conditions happen, the device disables TXD and drives
NSLP low. This puts the LIN driver into sleep mode.
Multiple MAX9132/MAX9134/MAX9135 for
Port Expansion
The MAX9132/MAX9134/MAX9135 high-impedance
outputs allow the attachment of several parts in parallel.
Figure 7 shows example connection schemes to realize
larger crossbar connections.
LVDS Output Preemphasis
The MAX9132/MAX9134/MAX9135 feature a preemphasis mode where extra current is added to the output
and causes the amplitude to increase by 50% at the
transition point. Preemphasis helps to get a faster transition, better eye diagram, and improved signal integrity (see the
Typical Operating Characteristics
). During
data transition, the switch injects additional current for
a short period, typically 400ps. Leave PD open or apply
a midlevel voltage (VDD/2) to enable preemphasis on
all LVDS outputs. Set PD high to set preemphasis
through the I2C or LIN interfaces. Preemphasis in this
mode is initially not on.
Power-Down
Set PD low to enable power-down mode. The registers
retain their values and the device resumes operation
from the same mode upon power-up.
Table 6b. Switch Routing Control Pin Setting for the MAX9135
PORTS5S4S3S2S1S0CONNECTIONDESCRIPTION
00DOUT0 connected to DIN0
0OpenDOUT0 connected to DIN1
DOUT0
DOUT1X
DOUT2XX
0
10DOUT0 connected to DIN3
1
XXXX
1DOUT0 connected to DIN2
XXXX
00DOUT1 connected to DIN0
0OpenDOUT1 connected to DIN1
0
10DOUT1 connected to DIN3
1
XX
XX
00DOUT2 connected to DIN0
0OpenDOUT2 connected to DIN1
01DOUT2 connected to DIN2
10DOUT2 connected to DIN3
1Open
Open
OpenDOUT0 in high impedance
1DOUT1 connected to DIN2
XX
X
DOUT1 in high impedance
DOUT2 in high impedance
S5 and S0 determine
DOUT0 connection
S4 and S1 determine
DOUT1 connection
S3 and S2 determine
DOUT2 connection
RXD
> 30µs
MAX9132/MAX9134/MAX9135
Input/Output Termination
Terminate LVDS inputs/outputs through 100Ω differen-
tial termination, or use an equivalent Thevenin termination. Terminate both inputs/outputs and use identical
terminations on each for the lowest output-to-output
skew.
Power-Supply Bypassing
Adequate power-supply bypassing is necessary to
maximize the performance and noise immunity. Bypass
each supply to their respective grounds with highfrequency surface-mount 0.01µF ceramic capacitors as
close as possible to the device. Use multiple bypass
vias for connection to minimize inductance.
Board Layout
Separate the I2C/LIN signals and LVDS signals to prevent crosstalk. When possible, use a four-layer PCB
with separate layers for power, ground, LVDS, and digital signals. Layout PCB traces for 100Ω differential
characteristic impedance. The trace dimensions
depend on the type of trace used (microstrip or
stripline).
Route the PCB traces for an LVDS channel (there are
two conductors per LVDS channel) in parallel to maintain the differential characteristic impedance. Place the
100Ω (typ) termination resistor at both ends of the
LVDS driver and receiver. Avoid vias. If vias must be
used, use only one pair per LVDS channel and place
the via for each line at the same point along the length
of the PCB traces. This way, any reflections occur at
the same time. Do not make vias into test points for
automated test equipment. Make the PCB traces that
make up a differential pair the same length to avoid
skew within the differential pair.
Cables and Connectors
Interconnect for LVDS typically has a differential
impedance of 100Ω. Use cables and connectors that
have matched differential impedance to minimize
impedance discontinuities. Twisted-pair and shielded
twisted-pair cables offer superior signal quality compared to ribbon cable and tend to generate less EMI
due to magnetic-field-canceling effects. Balanced
cables pick up noise as common mode that is rejected
by the LVDS receiver. Add a 0.1µF capacitor in series
with each output for AC-coupling.
Choosing Pullup Resistors
I2C requires pullup resistors to provide a logic-high
level to data and clock lines. There are tradeoffs
between power dissipation and speed, and a compromise must be made in choosing pullup resistor values.
Every device connected to the bus introduces some
capacitance even when the device is not in operation.
I2C specifies 300ns rise times to go from low to high
(30% to 70%) for fast mode, which is defined for a data
rate up to 400kbps (see the
I2C Interface
section for
details). To meet the rise time requirement, choose the
pullup resistors so that the rise time tR= 0.85R
PULLUP
x
C
BUS
< 300ns. If the transition time becomes too slow,
the setup and hold times may not be met and waveforms are not recognized.
The TQFP and TSSOP packages used for the
MAX9132/MAX9134/MAX9135 have exposed pads on
the bottom. The exposed pad is internally connected to
ground. Connect the exposed pad to ground using a
landing pad large enough to accommodate the entire
exposed pad. Add vias from the exposed pad’s land
area to a copper polygon on the other side of the PCB
to provide lower thermal impedance from the device to
the ambient air.
ESD Protection
The MAX9132/MAX9134/MAX9135 ESD tolerance is
rated for IEC 61000-4-2, Human Body Model, and ISO
10605 standards. IEC 61000-4-2 and ISO 10605 specify ESD tolerance for electronic systems. The IEC
61000-4-2 discharge components are CS= 150pF and
R
D
= 330Ω (Figure 8). For IEC 61000-4-2, the LVDS
outputs are rated for ±10kV Contact Discharge and
±15kV Air-Gap Discharge. The Human Body Model
discharge components are C
S
= 100pF and RD=
1.5kΩ (Figure 9). For the Human Body Model, all pins
are rated for ±2kV Contact Discharge. The ISO 10605
discharge components are CS= 330pF and RD= 2kΩ
(Figure 10). For ISO 10605, the LVDS outputs are rated
for ±10kV Contact and ±25kV Air-Gap Discharge.
CONNECT S[5:0] ACCORDING
TO DESIRED INITIAL ROUTING
S0 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5
SCL/RXD
SDA/TXD
AS0
AS1/NSLP
V
DD
R
PURPU
TO I2C
MASTER
MAX9132/MAX9134/MAX9135
Programmable, High-Speed, Multiple
Input/Output LVDS Crossbar Switches
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are
implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 ____________________