Rainbow Electronics MAX66000 User Manual
MAX66000
ISO/IEC 14443 Type B-Compliant
64-Bit UID
________________________________________________________________
Maxim Integrated Products
1
19-5528; Rev 0; 1/11
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642,
or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com.
EVALUATION KIT
AVAILABLE
General Description
The MAX66000 combines a 64-bit unique identifier
(UID) and a 13.56MHz RF interface (ISO/IEC 14443
Type B, Parts 2-4) in a single chip. The UID can be
read through the block transmission protocol (ISO/IEC
14443-4), where requests and responses are
exchanged through I-blocks once a device is in the
ACTIVE state. The data rate can be as high as
847.5kbps. The reader must support a frame size of 19
bytes. The device supports an application family identifier (AFI) and a card identifier (CID). AFI and the application data field can be factory programmed with
customer-supplied data. ISO/IEC 14443 functions not
supported are chaining, frame-waiting time extension,
and power indication.
Applications
Driver Identification (Fleet Application)
Access Control
Asset Tracking
Features
♦ Fully Compliant ISO/IEC 14443 (Parts 2-4) Type B
Interface
♦ 13.56MHz ±7kHz Carrier Frequency
♦ 64-Bit UID
♦ Supports AFI and CID Function
♦ Write: 10% ASK Modulation at 105.9kbps,
211.9kbps, 423.75kbps, or 847.5kbps
♦ Read: Load Modulation Using BPSK Modulated
Subcarrier at 105.9kbps, 211.9kbps, 423.75kbps,
or 847.5kbps
♦ Powered Entirely Through the RF Field
♦ Operating Temperature: -25°C to +50°C
Ordering Information
+
Denotes a lead(Pb)-free/RoHS-compliant package.
PART TEMP RANGE PIN-PACKAGE
MAX66000E-000AA+ -25°C to +50°C ISO Card
MAX66000K-000AA+ -25°C to +50°C Key Fob
Typical Operating Circuit
Mechanical Drawings appear at end of data sheet.
13.56MHz READER
TRANSMITTER
TX_OUT
RX_IN
MAGNETIC
COUPLING
ANTENNA
MAX66000
IC LOAD
SWITCHED
LOAD
MAX66000
ISO/IEC 14443 Type B-Compliant
64-Bit UID
2 _______________________________________________________________________________________
Detailed Description
The MAX66000 combines a 64-bit UID and a
13.56MHz RF interface (ISO/IEC 14443 Type B, Parts
2-4) in a single chip. The UID can be read through the
ISO/IEC 14443-4 block transmission protocol, where
requests and responses are exchanged through Iblocks once a device is in the ACTIVE state. The reader must support a frame size of at least 19 bytes. The
data rate can be as high as 847.5kbps. The MAX66000
supports AFI and CID. ISO 14443 functions not supported are chaining, frame-waiting time extension, and
power indication. Applications of the MAX66000
include driver identification (fleet application), access
control, and asset tracking.
Overview
Figure 1 shows the relationships between the major
control and memory sections of the MAX66000.
Figure 2 shows the hierarchical structure of the ISO/IEC
14443 Type B-compliant access protocol. The master
must first apply network function commands to put the
MAX66000 into the ACTIVE state to read the UID or
system information. The protocol required for these network function commands is described in the
Network
Function Commands
section. Once the MAX66000 is in
the ACTIVE state, the master can use the memory function commands. Upon completion of such a command,
the MAX66000 returns to the ACTIVE state and the
master can issue another memory function command or
deselect the device, which returns it to the HALT state.
The protocol for these commands is described in the
Memory Commands
section. All data is read and written least significant bit (LSb) first, starting with the least
significant byte (LSB).
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(TA= -25°C to +50°C.) (Note 1)
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Note 1: System requirement.
Note 2: Measured from the time at which the incident field is present with strength greater than or equal to H
(MIN)
to the time at
which the MAX66000’s internal power-on reset signal is deasserted and the device is ready to receive a command frame.
Not characterized or production tested; guaranteed by simulation only.
Maximum Incident Magnetic Field Strength ..........141.5dBµA/m
Operating Temperature Range ...........................-25°C to +50°C
Relative Humidity ..............................................(Water Resistant)
Storage Temperature Range ...............................-25°C to +50°C
Figure 1. Block Diagram
RF INTERFACE
Carrier Frequency f
Operating Magnetic Field Strength
(Note 1)
Power-Up Time t
PARAMETER S YMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
(Note 1) 13.553 13.560 13.567 MHz
C
At +25°C, MAX66000E 111.0 137.5
H
At +25°C, MAX66000K 123.5 137.5
POR
(Note 2) 1.0 ms
dBμA/m
INTERNALSUPPLY
VOLTAGE
REGULATOR
RF
FRONT-
END
DATA
f
MODULATION
c
ISO 14443
FRAME
FORMATTING
AND
ERROR
DETECTION
UID, AFI,
APPLICATION
DATA FIELD
MAX66000
ISO/IEC 14443 Type B-Compliant
64-Bit UID
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 3
Parasite Power
As a wireless device, the MAX66000 is not connected
to any power source. It gets the energy for operation
from the surrounding RF field, which needs to have a
minimum strength as specified in the
Electrical
Characteristics
table.
Unique Identification Number (UID)
Each MAX66000 contains a factory-programmed and
locked identification number that is 64 bits long
(Figure 3). The lower 36 bits are the serial number of the
chip. The next 8 bits store the device feature code,
which is 01h. Bits 45 to 48 are 0h. The code in bit locations 49 to 56 identifies the chip manufacturer according
to ISO/IEC 7816-6/AM1. This code is 2Bh for Maxim.
The code in the upper 8 bits is E0h. The UID is read
accessible through the Get UID and Get System
Information commands. The lower 32 bits of the UID are
transmitted in the PUPI field of the ATQB response to
the REQB, WUPB, or SLOT-MARKER command. The
upper 32 bits of the UID are factory programmed into
the application data field, which is transmitted as part of
the ATQB response. This way the master receives the
complete UID in the first response from the slave. See
the
Network Function Commands
section for details.
ISO/IEC 14443 Type B
Communication Concept
The communication between the master and the
MAX66000 (slave) is based on the exchange of data
packets. The master initiates every transaction; only
one side (master or slaves) transmits information at any
time. Data packets are composed of characters, which
always begin with a START bit and typically end with
one or more STOP bits (Figure 4). The least significant
data bit is transmitted first. Data characters have 8 bits.
Each data packet begins with a start-of-frame (SOF)
character and ends with an end-of-frame (EOF) character. The EOF/SOF characters have 9 all-zero data bits
(Figure 5). The SOF has 2 STOP bits, after which data
characters are transmitted. A data packet with at least
Figure 2. Hierarchical Structure of ISO/IEC 14443 Type B Protocol
MSb LSb
64 57 56 49 48 45 44 37 36 1
E0h 2Bh 0h FEATURE CODE (01h) 36-BIT IC SERIAL NUMBER
Figure 3. 64-Bit UID
START
1
0
BIT 1
BIT 2 BIT 3 BIT 4 BIT 5 BIT 6 BIT 7 BIT 8
LSb MSb
STOP
Figure 4. ISO/IEC 14443 Data Character Format
COMMAND LEVEL:
NETWORK
FUNCTION COMMANDS
MAX66000
AVAILABLE COMMANDS: DATA FIELD AFFECTED:
REQUEST (REQB)
WAKEUP (WUPB)
SLOT-MARKER
HALT (HLTB)
SELECT (ATTRIB)
DESELECT (DESELECT)
AFI, ADMINISTRATIVE DATA
AFI, ADMINISTRATIVE DATA
(ADMINISTRATIVE DATA)
PUPI
PUPI, ADMINISTRATIVE DATA
(ADMINISTRATIVE DATA)
MEMORY FUNCTION
COMMANDS
GET SYSTEM INFORMATION
GET UID
64-BIT UID, AFI, CONSTANTS
64-BIT UID
3 bytes between SOF and EOF is called a frame
(Figure 6). The last two data characters of an ISO/IEC
14443 Type B frame are an inverted 16-bit CRC of the
preceding data characters generated according to the
CRC-16-CCITT polynomial. This CRC is transmitted with
the LSB first. For more details on the CRC-16-CCITT,
refer to ISO/IEC 14443-3, Annex B. With network function commands, the command code, parameters, and
response are embedded between SOF and CRC. With
memory function commands, command code, and
parameters are placed into the information field of
I-blocks (see the
Block Types
section), which in turn
are embedded between SOF and EOF.
For transmission, the frame information is modulated on a
carrier frequency, which is 13.56MHz for ISO/IEC 14443.
The subsequent paragraphs are a concise description
of the required modulation and coding. For full details
including SOF/EOF and subcarrier on/off timing, refer to
ISO/IEC 14443-3, Sections 7.1 and 7.2.
The path from master to slave uses amplitude modula-
tion with a modulation index between 8% and 14%
(Figure 7). In this direction, a START bit and logic 0 bit
correspond to a modulated carrier; STOP bit and logic
1 bit correspond to the unmodulated carrier. EOF ends
with an unmodulated carrier instead of STOP bits.
MAX66000
ISO/IEC 14443 Type B-Compliant
64-Bit UID
4 _______________________________________________________________________________________
Figure 5. ISO/IEC 14443 SOF/EOF Character Format
SOF ONE OR MORE DATA CHARACTERS
CRC (LSB) CRC (MSB) EOF
TIME
Figure 6. ISO/IEC 14443 Frame Format
A
B
CARRIER AMPLITUDE
t
11 1100
MODULATION INDEX M = = 0.08 TO 0.14
A - B
A + B
Figure 7. Downlink: 8% to 14% Amplitude Modulation
1
0
START
BIT 1 BIT 2 BIT 3 BIT 4 BIT 5 BIT 6 BIT 7 BIT 9
STOP/IDLE
BIT 8
The path from slave to master uses an 847.5kHz subcarrier, which is modulated using binary phase-shift
key (BPSK) modulation. Depending on the data rate,
the transmission of a single bit takes eight, four, two, or
one subcarrier cycles. The slave generates the subcarrier only when needed, i.e., starting shortly before an
SOF and ending shortly after an EOF. The standard
defines the phase of the subcarrier before the SOF as
0° reference, which corresponds to logic 1. The phase
of the subcarrier changes by 180° whenever there is a
binary transition in the character to be transmitted
(Figure 8). The first phase transition represents a
change from logic 1 to logic 0, which coincides with the
beginning of the SOF. The BPSK modulated subcarrier
is used to modulate the load on the device’s antenna
(Figure 9).
MAX66000
ISO/IEC 14443 Type B-Compliant
64-Bit UID
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 5
Figure 8. Uplink: BPSK Modulation of the 847.5kHz Subcarrier
TRANSMISSION OF A SINGLE BIT
SHOWN AS EIGHT CYCLES OF THE 847kHz SUBCARRIER
DATA*
*DEPENDING ON THE INITIAL PHASE, THE DATA POLARITY MAY BE INVERSE.
10 1
Figure 9. Uplink: Load Modulation of the RF Field by the BPSK Modulated Subcarrier
DATA TO BE TRANSMITTED
847kHz SUBCARRIER
BPSK MODULATION
CAN BE REDUCED TO FOUR, TWO, OR ONE SUBCARRIER CYCLES FOR COMMUNICATION IN THE ACTIVE STATE.
OR
110
POWER-UP DEFAULT = 8 CYCLES OF 847kHz (9.44μs)
TRANSMISSION OF A SINGLE BIT
INDICATES 180° PHASE CHANGE (POLARITY REVERSAL)
MAX66000
ISO/IEC 14443 Block
Transmission Protocol
Before the master can send a data packet to access the
memory, the MAX66000 must be in the ACTIVE state.
The protocol to put the MAX66000 into the ACTIVE state
is explained in the
Network Function Commands
section. While in the ACTIVE state, the communication
between the master and the MAX66000 follows the
block transmission protocol as specified in Section 7 of
ISO/IEC 14443-4. Such a block (Figure 10) consists of
three parts: the prologue field, the information field, and
the epilogue field. The prologue can contain up to 3
bytes, called the protocol control byte (PCB), card identifier (CID), and the node address (NAD). Epilogue is
another name for the 16-bit CRC that precedes the EOF.
The information field is the general location for data.
Block Types
The standard defines three types of blocks: I-block,
R-block, and S-block. Figures 11, 12, and 13 show the
applicable PCB bit assignments.
The I-block is the main tool to access the memory. For
I-blocks, bit 2 must be 1 and bit 6 to bit 8 must be 0. Bit
5, marked as CH, is used to indicate chaining, a function that is not used or supported by the MAX66000.
Therefore, bit 5 must always be 0. Bit 4, marked as CID,
is used by the master to indicate whether the prologue
field contains a CID byte. The MAX66000 processes
blocks with and without CID as defined in the standard.
The master must include the CID byte if bit 4 is 1. Bit 3,
marked as NAD, is used to indicate whether the prologue field contains an NAD byte, a feature not supported by the MAX66000. Therefore, bit 3 must always be
0. Bit 1, marked as #, is the block number field. The
block number is used to ensure that the response
received relates to the request sent. This function is
important in the error handling, which is illustrated in
Annex B of ISO/IEC 14443-4. The rules that govern the
numbering and handling of blocks are found in
Sections 7.5.3 and 7.5.4 of ISO/IEC 14443-4. The
MAX66000 ignores I-blocks that have bit 5 or bit 3 set
to 1.
For R-blocks, the states of bit 2, bit 3, bit 6, bit 7, and
bit 8 are fixed and must be transmitted as shown in
Figure 12. The function of bit 1 (block number) and bit 4
(CID indicator) is the same as for I-blocks. Bit 5,
marked as AN, is used to acknowledge (if transmitted
as 0) or not to acknowledge (if transmitted as 1) the
reception of the last frame for recovery from certain
error conditions. The MAX66000 fully supports the function of the R-block as defined in the standard. For
details and the applicable rules, refer to Sections 7.5.3
and 7.5.4 and Annex B of ISO/IEC 14443-4.
ISO/IEC 14443 Type B-Compliant
64-Bit UID
6 _______________________________________________________________________________________
Figure 10. ISO/IEC 14443-4 Type B Block Format
BIT 8 BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1
MSb LSb
0 0 0 CH CID NAD 1 #
Figure 11. Bit Assignments for I-Block PCB
BIT 8 BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1
MSb LSb
1 0 1 AN CID 0 1 #
Figure 12. Bit Assignments for R-Block PCB
PROLOGUE FIELD INFORMATION FIELD EPILOGUE FIELD
PCB CID NAD (DATA)
1 BYTE 1 BYTE 1 BYTE 0 OR MORE BYTES 1 BYTE 1 BYTE
CRC
(LSB)
CRC
(MSB)
For S-blocks, the states of bit 1, bit 2, bit 3, and bit 7
and bit 8 are fixed and must be transmitted as shown in
Figure 13. The function of bit 4 (CID indicator) is the
same as for I-blocks. Bit 5 and bit 6, when 00b, specify
whether the S-block represents a DESELECT command.
If bit 5 and bit 6 are 11b, the S-block represents a
frame-waiting time extension (WTX) request, a feature to
tell the master that the response is going to take longer
than specified by the frame waiting time (FWT) (see the
ATQB Response
section). However, the MAX66000
does not use this feature, and, consequently, the only
use of the S-block is to transition the device from the
ACTIVE state to the HALT state using the DESELECT
command (see the
Network Function Commands
section).
Card Identifier
Figure 14 shows the bit assignment within the card
identifier byte. The purpose of bits 4 to 1 is to select
one of multiple slave devices that the master has elevated to the ACTIVE state. The CID is assigned to a
slave through Param 4 of the ATTRIB command (see
the
Network Function Commands
section). While in the
ACTIVE state, a compliant slave only processes blocks
that contain a matching CID and blocks without a CID if
the assigned CID is all zeros. If the master includes a
CID, then the slave’s response also includes a CID
byte. Blocks with a nonmatching CIDs are ignored.
According to the standard, the slave can use bits 8 and
7 to inform the master whether power-level indication is
supported, and, if yes, whether sufficient power is available for full functionality. Since the MAX66000 does not
support power-level indication, the power-level bits are
always 00b. When the master transmits a CID byte, the
power-level bits must be 00b.
Information Field
Since the MAX66000 does not generate WTX requests,
the information field (Figure 10) is found only with Iblocks. The length of the information field is calculated
by counting the number of bytes of the whole block
minus the length of the prologue and epilogue field.
The ISO/IEC 14443 standard does not define any rules
for the contents of the information field. The MAX66000
assumes that the first byte it receives in the information
field is a command code followed by 0 or more command-specific parameters. When responding to an
I-block, the first byte of the information field indicates
success (code 00h) followed by command-specific
data or failure (code 01h) followed by one error code.
Memory Function Commands
The commands described in this section are transmitted using the block transmission protocol. The data of a
block (from prologue to epilogue) is embedded
between SOF and EOF, as shown in Figure 15. The CID
field (shaded) is optional. If the request contains a CID,
the response also contains a CID.
The command descriptions in this section only show
the information field of the I-blocks used to transmit
requests and responses. Since the MAX66000 neither
supports chaining nor generates WTX requests, when it
receives an I-block, the MAX66000 responds with an
I-block. The block number in the I-block response is the
same as in the I-block request.
Error Indication
In case of an error, the response to a request begins
with a 01h byte followed by one error code.
If there was no error, the information field of the
response begins with 00h followed by command-specific data, as specified in the detailed command
description. If the MAX66000 does not recognize a
command, it does not generate a response.
MAX66000
ISO/IEC 14443 Type B-Compliant
64-Bit UID
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 7
Figure 13. Bit Assignments for S-Block PCB
BIT 8 BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1
MSb LSb
0 0 00
(POWER LEVEL) (FIXED) CARD IDENTIFIER VALUE
Figure 14. Bit Assignments for CID Byte in I-Blocks
PCB CIDSOF INFORMATION FIELD CRC (MSB)CRC (LSB) EOF
Figure 15. Frame Format for Block Transmission Protocol
MSb LSb
BIT 8 BIT 7 BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1
1 1 CID 0 1 0
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