General Description
The MAX2104 low-cost direct-conversion tuner IC is
designed for use in digital direct-broadcast satellite
(DBS) television set-top box units. Its direct-conversion
architecture reduces system cost compared to devices
with IF-based architectures. The MAX2104 directly converts L-band signals to baseband signals using a
broadband I/Q downconverter. The operating frequency
range extends from 925MHz to 2175MHz.
The IC includes an LNA gain control, I and Q downconverting mixers, lowpass filters with gain control and frequency control, a local oscillator (LO) buffer with a 90°
quadrature network, and a charge-pump based PLL for
frequency control. The MAX2104 also has an on-chip
LO, requiring only an external varactor-tuned LC tank
for operation. The output of the LO drives the internal
quadrature generator and dual modulus prescaler. An
on-chip crystal amplifier drives a reference divider as
well as a buffer amplifier to drive off-chip circuitry. The
MAX2104 is offered in a 48-pin TQFP-EP package.
Applications
DirecTV, PrimeStar, EchoStar DBS Tuners
DVB-Compliant DBS Tuners
Broadband Systems
LMDS
Features
♦ Low-Cost Architecture
♦ Operates from Single 5V Supply
♦ 925MHz to 2175MHz Input Frequency Range
♦ On-Chip Quadrature Generator, Dual-Modulus
Prescaler (/32, /33)
♦ On-Chip Crystal Amplifier
♦ PLL Mixer with Gain-Controlled Charge Pump
♦ Input Levels: -25dBm to -65dBm per Carrier
♦ Over 40dB Gain Control Range
♦ Noise Figure = 11.5dB; IIP3 = 7dBm (at 1550MHz)
♦ Automatic Baseband Offset Correction
♦ Loopthrough Replaces External Splitter
♦ Crystal Output Buffer
MAX2104
Direct-Conversion Tuner IC for
Digital DBS Applications
________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products 1
PART
MAX2104CCM* 0°C to +70°C
TEMP RANGE PIN-PACKAGE
48 TQFP-EP
19-1431; Rev 3; 12/01
*Contact factory for availability.
Functional Diagram appears at end of data sheet.
Pin Configuration
Ordering Information
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim/Dallas Direct! at
1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com.
TOP VIEW
V
CFLT
XTL-
XTL+
GND
V
RFIN-
RFIN+
GND
GND
QDC-
QDC+
CC
CC
CPFBGND
4847464544434241403938
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1314151617181920212223
IDC-
IDC+
GND
CC
V
MAX2104
GND
RFOUT
TANK+
VRLO
CPG1
TQFP
TANK-
CC
V
GND
CPG2
XTLOUT
GND
VCCPSOUT-
GC1
GC2
PSOUT+
37
24
INSEL
36
PLLIN-
35
PLLIN+
34
MOD-
33
MOD+
GND
32
IOUT+
31
IOUT-
30
V
29
CC
QOUT+
28
QOUT-
27
FDOUB
26
FLCLK
25
MAX2104
Direct-Conversion Tuner IC for
Digital DBS Applications
2 _______________________________________________________________________________________
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VCC= 4.75V to 5.25V, VFB= 2.4V, C
IOUT_
= C
QOUT_
= 10pF, f
FLCLK
= 2MHz, RFIN_ = floating, R
IOUT_
= R
QOUT_
= 10kΩ,
V
FDOUB
= V
INSEL
= V
CPG1
= V
CPG2
= 2.4V, V
PLLIN+
= V
MOD+
= 1.3V, V
PLLIN-
= V
MOD-
= 1.1V, TA= +25°C. Typical values are at
V
CC
= 5.0V and TA= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
VCCto GND .............................................................-0.5V to +7V
All Other Pins to GND.................................-0.3V to (V
CC
+ 0.3V)
RF1+ to RF1-, RF2+ to RF2-, TANK+ to TANK-,
IDC+ to IDC-, QDC+ to QDC- ............................................±2V
IOUT_, QOUT_ to GND Short-Circuit Duration ......................10s
PSOUT+, PSOUT- to GND Short-Circuit Duration .................10s
Continuous Current (any pin)..............................................20mA
Continuous Power Dissipation (T
A
= +70°C)
(derate 27mW/°C above +70°C).......................................1.5W
Operating Temperature Range...............................0°C to +85°C
Junction Temperature......................................................+150°C
Storage Temperature Range ............................-65°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) ................................+300°C
V
CPG1
= V
CPG2
= 0.5V
(V
MOD+-VMOD-
) = -200mV
(V
MOD+-VMOD-
) = 200mV
Referenced to V
CMO
Referenced to V
CMO
R
SOURCE
= 50kΩ, V
FLCLK
= 1.65V
Referenced to V
CMI
Referenced to V
CMI
CONDITIONS
0.08 0.1 0.12
Charge-Pump Output High
Measured at FB
88Reference Divider Ratio
33 33
Prescaler Ratio
32 32
mV150 215Output Voltage High (Note 3)
mV-215 -150Output Voltage Low (Note 3)
V2.16 2.4 2.64V
CMO
Common-Mode Output Voltage
µA
-5 5
Input Current (Note 1)
mV100Input Voltage High (Note 2)
mV-100Input Voltage Low (Note 2)
V1.08 1.2 1.32V
CMI
Common-Mode Input Voltage
V4.75 5.25V
CC
Operating Supply Voltage
µA-1 +1FLCLK Input Current (Note 1)
V1.45FLCLK Input Voltage Low
V1.85FLCLK Input Voltage High
V2.4V
IH
Digital Input Voltage High
V0.5V
IL
Digital Input Voltage Low
µA-15 +10I
IN
Digital Input Current
UNITSMIN TYP MAXSYMBOLPARAMETER
mA
190 275
I
CC
Operating Supply Current
V
CPG1
= 0.5V, V
CPG2
= 2.4V 0.24 0.3 0.36
V
CPG1
= 2.4V, V
CPG2
= 0.5V
V
CPG1
= V
CPG2
= 2.4V
0.48 0.6 0.72
mA
1.44 1.8 2.16
STANDARD DIGITAL INPUTS (FDOUB, INSEL, CPG1, CPG2)
SLEW-RATE-LIMITED DIGITAL INPUTS
DIFFERENTIAL DIGITAL INPUTS (MOD+, MOD-, PLLIN+, PLLIN-)
DIFFERENTIAL DIGITAL OUTPUTS (PSOUT+, PSOUT-)
FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER
MAX2104
Direct-Conversion Tuner IC for
Digital DBS Applications
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 3
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(VCC= 4.75V to 5.25V, VFB= 2.4V, C
IOUT_
= C
QOUT_
= 10pF, f
FLCLK
= 2MHz, RFIN_ = floating, R
IOUT_
= R
QOUT_
= 10kΩ,
V
FDOUB
= V
INSEL
= V
CPG1
= V
CPG2
= 2.4V, V
PLLIN+
= V
MOD+
= 1.3V, V
PLLIN-
= V
MOD-
= 1.1V, TA= +25°C. Typical values are at
V
CC
= 5.0V and TA= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(V
CC
= 4.75V to 5.25V, V
IOUT_
= V
QOUT_
= 0.59V
P-P
, C
IOUT_
= C
QOUT_
= 10pF, f
FLCLK
= 2MHz, R
IOUT_
= R
QOUT_
= 10kΩ,
V
FDOUB
= V
INSEL
= V
CPG1
= V
CPG2
= 2.4V, V
PLLIN+
= V
MOD+
= 1.3V, V
PLLIN-
= V
MOD-
= 1.1V, TA= +25°C. Typical values are at
V
CC
= 5.0V and TA= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
V
CPG1
= V
CPG2
= 0.5V
V
CPG1
= 0.5V, V
CPG2
= 2.4V
CONDITIONS
-0.12 -0.1 -0.08
Charge-Pump Output Low
Measured at FB
-0.36 -0.3 -0.24
UNITSMIN TYP MAXSYMBOLPARAMETER
V
CPG1
= 2.4V, V
CPG2
= 0.5V
V
CPG1
= V
CPG2
= 2.4V
-0.72 -0.6 -0.48
mA
-2.16 -1.8 -1.44
V
GC_
= 1V to 4V -50 +50I
GC_
Analog Control Input Current µA
Charge-Pump Output Current
Matching Positive to Negative
%Measured at FB -5 5
Charge-Pump Output Leakage nAMeasured at FB -25 25
Offset Voltage (Note 1) mV
Differential Output Voltage
Swing
V
P-P
RL= 2kΩ differential 1
Common-Mode Output Voltage
(Note 1)
V0.65 0.85
-50 +50
Charge-Pump Output Current
Drive (Note 1)
µAMeasured at CP 100
ANALOG CONTROL INPUTS (GC_)
BASEBAND OUTPUTS (IOUT+, IOUT-, QOUT+, QOUT-)
PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
RF FRONT END
RFIN_ Input Frequency Range f
RFIN_ Input Power for 0.59Vp-p
Baseband Levels
RFIN_ Input Third-Order Intercept
(Note 4)
RFIN_ Input Second-Order
Intercept (Note 5)
Output-Referred 1dB
Compression Point (Note 6)
Noise Figure NF
RFIN_ Return Loss (Note 7)
LO 2nd H ar moni c Rejection (N ote 8) Average level of V
LO H al f H ar m oni c Rej ecti on ( N ote 9) Average level of V
RFIN
IP3
RFIN_
IP2
RFIN_
P1
dBOUT_
Single
carrier
V
GC1
V
GC1
= V
= V
PRFIN_ = -25dBm per
tone
P
= -25dBm per tone,
RFIN_
= 951MHz
f
LO
P
= -40dBm,
RFIN_
signals within filter bandwidth
= -65dBm, f
P
RFIN_
V
GC1
= 1V, V
adjusted 0.59Vp-p
GC2
baseband level
f
= 925MHz 10
RFIN_
f
= 2175MHz 10
RFIN_
IOUT_
IOUT_
925 2175 MHz
= +4V (min gain) -20 dBm
GC2
= +1V (max gain) -68 -65 dBm
GC2
fLO = 2175MHz 5
fLO = 1550MHz 7
f
= 950MHz 8
LO
15.5 dBm
2 dBV
= 1550MHz,
RFIN_
11.5 dB
, V
, V
QOUT_
QOUT_
27 dBc
31 38 dBc
dBm
dB
MAX2104
Direct-Conversion Tuner IC for
Digital DBS Applications
4 _______________________________________________________________________________________
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(V
CC
= 4.75V to 5.25V, V
IOUT_
= V
QOUT_
= 0.59V
P-P
, C
IOUT_
= C
QOUT_
= 10pF, f
FLCLK
= 2MHz, R
IOUT_
= R
QOUT_
= 10kΩ,
V
FDOUB
= V
INSEL
= V
CPG1
= V
CPG2
= 2.4V, V
PLLIN+
= V
MOD+
= 1.3V, V
PLLIN-
= V
MOD-
= 1.1V, TA= +25°C. Typical values are at
V
CC
= 5.0V and TA= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
15f = 925MHz
dBRFOUT Noise Figure (Note 11)
4
7
9f = 925MHz
dBm
RFOUT Output Third-Order
Intercept Point (Note 11)
1.8f = 1550MHz
2.5f = 2175MHz
0.5f = 925MHz
dBRFIN_ to RFOUT Gain (Note 11)
Includes effects from baseband filters,
measured at 125kHz baseband
4 degreesQuadrature Phase Error
Includes effects from baseband filters,
measured at 125kHz baseband
1.2 dBQuadrature Gain Error
f
FLCLK
= 2.0625MHz, fC = 31.4MHz
f
FLCLK
= 1.25MHz, fC = 19.3MHz
f
FLCLK
= 0.5MHz, fC = 8MHz
-0.5 +0.5
Deviation from ideal 7th order, Butterworth,
up to 0.7 x f
C
dB
Baseband Frequency Response
(Note 1)
750C
IDC_
= C
QDC_
= 0.22µF Hz
Baseband Highpass Frequency
(Note 1)
19
f
IN_BAND
= 100Hz to 22.5MHz,
f
OUT_BAND
= 67.5MHz to 112.5MHz
dB
Ratio of In-Filter-Band
to Out-of-Filter-Band Noise
PARAMETER SYMBOL MIN TYP MAX UNITS
-10 +10
%
LPF -3dB Cutoff-Frequency
Accuracy (Note 1)
-10 +10
-5.5 +5.5
CONDITIONS
833Controlled by FLCLK signal MHz
LPF -3dB Cutoff-Frequency Range
(Note 1)
8925MHz < f < 2175MHz dBRFOUT Return Loss (Notes 1, 11)
11.5f = 2175MHz
12f = 1550MHz
f = 2175MHz
f = 1550MHz
50IOUT_, QOUT_ ΩOutput Real Impedance (Note 1)
LO Leakage Power (Notes 7, 10) -66 dBmMeasured at RFIN_
RFOUT PORT (LOOPTHROUGH)
BASEBAND CIRCUITS
MAX2104
Direct-Conversion Tuner IC for
Digital DBS Applications
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 5
Note 1: Minimum and maximum values are guaranteed by design and characterization over supply voltage.
Note 2: With external 100Ω termination resistor.
Note 3: Driving differential load of 10kΩ || 15pF.
Note 4: Two signals are applied to RFIN_ at f
LO
- 100MHz and fLO- 199MHz. V
GC2
= 1V; V
GC1
is set such that the baseband out-
puts are at 590mV
P-P
. IM products are measured at baseband outputs but are referred to RF inputs.
Note 5: Two signals are applied to RFIN_ at 1200MHz and 2150MHz. V
GC2
= 1V, V
GC1
is set such that the baseband outputs are
at 590mV
P-P
. IM products are measured at baseband outputs but are referred to RF inputs.
Note 6: P
RFIN_
= -40dBm so that front end IM contributions are minimized.
Note 7: Using L64733/L64734 demo board from LSI Logic.
Note 8: Downconverted level, in dBc, of carrier present at f
LO
x 2, fLO= 1180MHz, f
VCO
= 590MHz, V
FDOUB
= 2.4V.
Note 9: Downconverted level, in dBc, of carrier present at f
O
/ 2, fLO= 2175MHz, f
VCO
= 1087.5MHz, V
FDOUB
= 2.4V.
Note 10: Leakage is dominated by board parasitics.
Note 11: V
CPG1
= V
CPG2
= V
FDOUB
= V
INSEL
= 0.5V, f
FLCLK
= 0.5MHz.
Note 12: Measured at tuned frequency with PLL locked. All phase noise measurements assume tank components have a Q > 50.
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(V
CC
= 4.75V to 5.25V, V
IOUT_
= V
QOUT_
= 0.59V
P-P
, C
IOUT_
= C
QOUT_
= 10pF, f
FLCLK
= 2MHz, R
IOUT_
= R
QOUT_
= 10kΩ,
V
FDOUB
= V
INSEL
= V
CPG1
= V
CPG2
= 2.4V, V
PLLIN+
= V
MOD+
= 1.3V, V
PLLIN-
= V
MOD-
= 1.1V, TA= +25°C. Typical values are at
V
CC
= 5.0V and TA= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
LOCAL OSCILLATOR
SYNTHESIZER
-95
PARAMETER SYMBOL MIN TYP MAX UNITS
At 100kHz offset, fLO= 2175MHz
dBc/HzLO Phase Noise (Notes 7, 12)
-75At 10kHz offset, fLO= 2175MHz
57
0Figure 1
f
RFIN_
= 2150MHz dB
RFIN_ to LO Input Isolation
(Note 10)
-55
590 1180 MHzLO Tuning Range (Note 1)
ns
4 7.26 MHzCrystal Frequency Range (Note 1)
2
0.75 1 1.5
Load = 10pF
||
10kΩ, f
XTLOUT
= 6MHz
V
P-P
XTLOUT Output Voltage Swing
VXTLOUT Output Voltage DC
At 1kHz offset, fLO= 2175MHz
MOD+, MOD- Hold Time (Note 1) t
HM
7Figure 1
CONDITIONS
nsMOD+, MOD- Setup Time (Note 1) t
SUM
SYNTHESIZER
LOCAL OSCILLATOR
MAX2104
Direct-Conversion Tuner IC for
Digital DBS Applications
6 _______________________________________________________________________________________
NAME FUNCTIONPIN
Pin Description
2 CFLT External Bypass for Internal Bias. Bypass this pin with a 0.1µF ceramic chip capacitor to GND.
3 XTL- Inverting Input to Crystal Oscillator. Consult crystal manufacturer for circuit loading requirements.
4 XTL+ Noninverting Input to Crystal Oscillator. Consult crystal manufacturer for circuit loading requirements.
5, 9, 10,
15, 16, 32,
40, 41, 46
GND
Ground. Connect each of these pins to a solid ground plane. Use multiple vias to reduce inductance
where possible.
7 RFIN- RF Inverting Input. Bypass RFIN- with 47pF capacitor in series with a 75Ω resistor to GND.
8 RFIN+ RF Noninverting Input. Connect to 75Ω source with a 47pF ceramic chip capacitor.
11 QDC- Baseband Offset Correction. Connect a 0.22µF ceramic chip capacitor from QDC- to QDC+ (pin 12).
12 QDC+ Baseband Offset Correction. Connect a 0.22µF ceramic chip capacitor from QDC+ to QDC- (pin 11).
13 IDC- Baseband Offset Correction. Connect a 0.22µF ceramic chip capacitor from IDC- to IDC+ (pin 14).
14 IDC+ Baseband Offset Correction. Connect a 0.22µF ceramic chip capacitor from IDC+ to IDC- (pin 13).
17 RFOUT Buffered RF Output. Enabled when INSEL is low.
18 CPG1
Charge-Pump Gain Select. High-impedance digital input. Sets the charge-pump output scaling. See the
DC Electrical Characteristics section for available gain settings.
20 XTLOUT Buffered Crystal Oscillator Output
21 CPG2
Charge-Pump Gain Select. High-impedance digital input. Sets the charge-pump output scaling. See the
DC Electrical Characteristics section for available gain settings.
22 GC1
Gain Control Input for RF Front End. High-impedance analog input, with an input range of 1V to 4V. See
the AC Electrical Characteristics section for transfer function.
23 GC2
Gain Control Input for Baseband Signals. High-impedance analog input, with an input range of 1V to 4V.
See the AC Electrical Characteristics section for transfer function.
24 INSEL
Loopthrough Mode Enable. High-impedance digital input. Drive low to enable the RFOUT buffer and
disable the internal downconverters. Connect to V
CC
for normal tuner operation.
25 FLCLK
Baseband Filter Cutoff Adjust. Connect to a slew-rate-limited clock source. See the AC Electrical
Characteristics section for transfer function.
26 FDOUB
LO Frequency Doubler. High-impedance digital input. Drive high to enable the LO frequency doubler.
Drive low to disable the doubling function.
27 QOUT- Baseband Quadrature Output. Connect to inverting input of high-speed ADC.
28 QOUT+ Baseband Quadrature Output. Connect to noninverting input of high-speed ADC.
30 IOUT- Baseband In-Phase Output. Connect to inverting input of high-speed ADC.
31 IOUT+ Baseband In-Phase Output. Connect to noninverting input of high-speed ADC.
33 MOD+
PECL Modulus Control. A PECL high on MOD+ sets the dual-modulus prescaler to divide by 32. A PECL
logic low sets the divide ratio to 33. Drive with a differential PECL signal with MOD- (pin 34).
1, 6, 19,
29, 39, 45
V
CC
VCCPower-Supply Input. Connect each pin to a +5V ±5% low-noise supply. Bypass each VCCpin to the
nearest GND with a ceramic chip capacitor.
MAX2104
Direct-Conversion Tuner IC for
Digital DBS Applications
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 7
Pin Description (continued)
NAME FUNCTIONPIN
34 MOD-
PECL Modulus Control. A PECL low on MOD- sets the dual-modulus prescaler to divide by 32. A PECL
logic high sets the divide ratio to 33. Drive with a differential PECL signal with MOD+ (pin 33).
35 PLLIN+ PECL Phase-Locked Loop Input. Drive with a differential PECL signal with PLLIN- (pin 36).
37 PSOUT+
PECL Prescaler Output. Differential output of the dual-modulus prescaler. Used with PSOUT- (pin 38).
Requires PECL-compatible termination.
36 PLLIN- PECL Phase-Locked Loop Input. Drive with a differential PECL signal with PLLIN+ (pin 35).
42 TANK- LO Tank Oscillator Input. Connect to an external LC tank with varactor tuning.
38 PSOUT-
PECL Prescaler Output. Differential output of the dual-modulus prescaler. Used with PSOUT+ (pin 37).
Requires PECL-compatible termination.
43 VRLO LO Internal Regulator. Bypass with a 100pF ceramic chip capacitor to GND.
44 TANK+ LO Tank Oscillator Input. Connect to an external LC tank with varactor tuning.
47 FB Feedback Output. Control of external charge-pump transistor.
48 CP Voltage Drive Output. Control of external charge-pump transistor.
Figure 1. Timing Diagram
MOD+,
MOD-
50%
50%
PSOUT+
PSOUT-
t
SUM
t
HM
50%
50%
MAX2104
Direct-Conversion Tuner IC for
Digital DBS Applications
8 _______________________________________________________________________________________
Functional Diagram
CPG1
CPG2
PLLIN+
PLLIN-
XTL+
XTL-
MOD+
MOD-
FDOUB
TANK+
TANK-
V
VRLO
CFLT
GND
RFIN-
RFIN+
GC1
GC2
FLCLK
INSEL
MAX2104
CHARGE
PUMP
/8
/32,
33
x2
CC
VOLTAGE
REGULATOR
0°/90°
BASEBAND
OFFSET
CORRECTION
CP
FB
XTLOUT
PSOUT+
PSOUT-
IDC+
IDCQDC+
QDC-
IOUT+
IOUT-
QOUT+
QOUT-
RFOUT
MAX2104
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are
implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
9 _____________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600
© 2001 Maxim Integrated Products Printed USA is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products.
Direct-Conversion Tuner IC for
Digital DBS Applications
Package Information
32L/48L,TQFP.EPS
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