The MAX2062 high-linearity, dual analog/digital variablegain amplifier (VGA) operates in the 50MHz to 1000MHz
frequency range with two independent attenuators in
each signal path. Each digital attenuator is controlled
as a slave peripheral using either the SPIK-compatible
interface, or a 5-bit parallel bus with 31dB total adjustment range in 1dB steps. An added feature allows
rapid-fire gain selection among each of the four steps,
preprogrammed by the user through the SPI-compatible
interface. A separate 2-pin control lets the user quickly
access any one of four customized attenuation states
without reprogramming the SPI bus. Each analog attenuator is controlled using an external voltage or through the
SPI-compatible interface using an on-chip 8-bit DAC.
Since each of the stages has its own external RF input
and RF output, this component can be configured to
either optimize noise figure (NF) (amplifier configured
first), OIP3 (amplifier last), or a compromise of NF and
OIP3. The device’s performance features include 24dB
amplifier gain (amplifier only), 7.3dB NF at maximum
gain (includes attenuator insertion losses), and a high
OIP3 level of +41dBm. Each of these features makes
the device an ideal VGA for multipath receiver and transmitter applications.
In addition, the device operates from a single +5V
supply with full performance or a +3.3V supply for an
enhanced power-savings mode with lower performance.
The device is available in a compact 48-pin TQFN
package (7mm x 7mm) with an exposed pad. Electrical
performance is guaranteed over the extended temperature range, from T
Applications
IF and RF Gain Stages
Temperature-Compensation Circuits
GSM/EDGE Base Stations
WCDMA, TD-SCDMA, and cdma2000
Stations
WiMAXK, LTE, and TD-LTE Base Stations and
Customer-Premise Equipment
Built-In 8-Bit DACs for Analog Attenuation Control
S
Supports Four Rapid-Fire Preprogrammed
Attenuator States
Quickly Access Any One of Four Customized
Attenuator States
Ideal for Fast-Attack, High-Level Blocker
Protection
Protects ADC Overdrive Condition
Excellent Linearity (Configured with Amp Last at
S
200MHz)
+41dBm OIP3
+56dBm OIP2
+19dBm Output 1dB Compression Point
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642,
or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com.
Dual 50MHz to 1000MHz High-Linearity,
Serial/Parallel-Controlled Analog/Digital VGA
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
V
CC_AMP_1
STA_A_1, STA_A_2, STA_B_1, STA_B_2,
PD_1, PD_2, AMPSET .....................................-0.3V to +3.6V
A_VCTL_1, A_VCTL_2 .........................................-0.3V to +3.6V
DAT, CS, CLK, AA_SP, DA_SP ............................-0.3V to +3.6V
D0_1, D1_1, D2_1, D3_1, D4_1, D0_2, D1_2,
D2_2, D3_2, D4_2 ...........................................-0.3V to +3.6V
AMP_IN_1, AMP_IN_2 ......................................+0.95V to +1.2V
MAX2062
AMP_OUT_1, AMP_OUT_2, ................................-0.3V to +5.5V
D_ATT_IN_1, D_ATT_IN_2, D_ATT_OUT_1,
D_ATT_OUT_2 .....................................................0V to +3.6V
A_ATT_IN_1, A_ATT_IN_2, A_ATT_OUT_1,
A_ATT_OUT_2 ..................................................... 0V to +3.6V
Note 1: Based on junction temperature TJ = TC + (qJC x VCC x ICC). This formula can be used when the temperature of the
Note 2: Package thermal resistances were obtained using the method described in JEDEC specification JESD51-7, using a four-
Note 3: Junction temperature T
Note 4: T
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute
maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
, V
CC_AMP_2
exposed pad is known while the device is soldered down to a PCB. See the Applications Information section for details.
The junction temperature must not exceed +150NC.
layer board. For detailed information on package thermal considerations, refer to www.maxim-ic.com/thermal-tutorial.
known. The junction temperature must not exceed +150NC.
is the temperature on the exposed pad of the package. TA is the ambient temperature of the device and PCB.
C
, V
to GND ..........-0.3V to +5.5V
CC_RG
= TA + (qJA x VCC x ICC). This formula can be used when the ambient temperature of the PCB is
J
REG_OUT .............................................................-0.3V to +3.6V
RF Input Power (D_ATT_IN_1, D_ATT_IN_2) ............... +20dBm
RF Input Power (A_ATT_IN_1, A_ATT_IN_2) .............. +20dBm
RF Input Power (AMP_IN_1, AMP_IN_2) ...................... +18dBm
(Typical Application Circuit, VCC = V
ports are driven from 50I sources, AMPSET = 0, PD_1 = PD_2 = 0, 100MHz P f
are at maximum gain setting, V
PARAMETERSYMBOLCONDITIONSMINTYPMAXUNITS
Attenuation Range
Gain Control SlopeAnalog control input-13.3dB/V
Maximum Gain Control SlopeOver analog control input range-35.2dB/V
Insertion Phase ChangeOver analog control input range17.6Deg
Attenuator Response Time
Group Delay vs. Control Voltage
Analog Control Input Range0.252.75V
Analog Control Input Impedance19.2
Input Return Loss
Output Return Loss
D/A CONVERTER
Number of Bits8Bits
Output Voltage
SERIAL PERIPHERAL INTERFACE (SPI)
Maximum Clock Speed20MHz
Data-to-Clock Setup Timet
Data-to-Clock Hold Timet
Clock-to-CS Setup Time
DAC circuit and digital SPI control. Set AA_SP to logic 0 to disable DAC circuit and digital SPI
control. When AA_SP = 0, use analog control lines (A_VCTL_1 and A_VCTL_2).
Analog Attenuator Input (50I), Path 1. Requires a DC-blocking capacitor. Connect to
D_ATT_OUT_1 through a 1000pF capacitor.
5-Bit Digital Attenuator Output (50I), Path 1. Requires a DC-blocking capacitor. Connect to
A_ATT_IN_1 through a 1000pF capacitor.
Exposed Pad. Internally connected to GND. Connect to GND for proper RF performance and
enhanced thermal dissipation.
MAX2062
Detailed Description
The MAX2062 high-linearity analog/digital VGA is a
general-purpose, high-performance amplifier designed
to interface with 50I systems operating in the 50MHz to
1000MHz frequency range.
Each channel of the device integrates one digital attenuator and one analog attenuator to provide 64dB of total gain
control, as well as a driver amplifier optimized to provide
high gain, high IP3, low NF, and low power consumption.
Each digital attenuator is controlled as a slave peripheral using either the SPI-compatible interface, or a 5-bit
parallel bus with 31dB total adjustment range in 1dB
steps. An added feature allows rapid-fire gain selection
among each of the four steps, preprogrammed by the
user through the SPI-compatible interface. A separate
2-pin control lets the user quickly access any one of four
customized attenuation states without reprogramming
the SPI bus. Each analog attenuator is controlled using
an external voltage or through the SPI-compatible interface using an on-chip 8-bit DAC. See the Applications Information section for attenuator programming details.
Because each of the three stages in the separate signal
paths has its own RF input and RF output, this component can be configured to either optimize NF (amplifier
configured first), OIP3 (amplifier last), or a compromise
of NF and OIP3. The device’s performance features
include 24dB amplifier gain (amplifier only), 7.3dB NF
at maximum gain (includes attenuator insertion losses),
and a high OIP3 level of +41dBm. Each of these features
makes the device an ideal VGA for multipath receiver
and transmitter applications.
In addition, the device operates from a single +5V
supply with full performance, or a +3.3V supply for an
enhanced power-savings mode with lower performance.
The device is available in a compact 48-pin TQFN package (7mm x 7mm) with an exposed pad. Electrical performance is guaranteed over the extended temperature
range (T
= -40NC to +85NC).
C
Analog and 5-Bit Digital Attenuator Control
The device integrates two analog attenuators and two
5-bit digital attenuators to achieve a high level of dynamic range. Each analog attenuator has a 33dB range
and is controlled using an external voltage or through
the 3-wire SPI interface using an on-chip 8-bit DAC.
Each digital attenuator has a 31dB control range, a 1dB
step size, and is programmed either through the 3-wire
SPI or through a separate 5-bit parallel bus. See the
Applications Information section and Table 1 for attenuator programming details. The attenuators can be used
for both static and dynamic power control.
Note that when the analog attenuators are controlled
by the DACs through the SPI bus, the DAC output
voltage shows on pins A_VCTL_1 and A_VCTL_2 (pins
39 and 22, respectively). Therefore, in SPI mode, the
A_VCTL_1 and A_VCTL_2 pins must only connect to the
resistor and capacitor to ground, as shown in the Typical Application Circuit.
Dual 50MHz to 1000MHz High-Linearity,
Serial/Parallel-Controlled Analog/Digital VGA
Table 1. Control Logic
AA_SPANALOG ATTENUATORD/A CONVERTER
0Controlled by external control voltageDisabled
1Controlled by on-chip DAC
DA_SPDIGITAL ATTENUATOR
MAX2062
0Parallel controlled
1SPI controlled (control voltages show up on the parallel control pins)
Enabled (DAC output voltage shows on A_VCTL__ pins);
DAC uses on-chip voltage reference
Driver Amplifier
Each path of the device includes a high-performance
driver with a fixed gain of 24dB. The driver amplifier
circuits are optimized for high linearity for the 50MHz to
1000MHz frequency range.
Applications Information
Operating Modes
The device features an optional +3.3V supply voltage operation with reduced linearity performance. The
AMPSET pin needs to be biased accordingly in each
mode, as listed in Table 2. In addition, the driver amplifiers
can be shut down independently to conserve DC power.
See the biasing scheme outlined in Table 2 for details.
SPI Interface and Attenuator Settings
The digital attenuators can be programmed through the
3-wire SPI/MICROWIREK-compatible serial interface
using 5-bit words. Fifty-six bits of data are shifted in
MSB first and are framed by CS. The first 28 bits set the
first attenuator and the following 28 bits set the second
attenuator. When CS is low, the clock is active and data
is shifted on the rising edge of the clock. When CS transitions high, the data is latched and the attenuator setting
changes (Figure 1). See Table 3 for details on the SPI
data format.
D55 (MSB) 16dB step (MSB of the 5-bit word used to program the Path 2 digital attenuator state 4)
Digital Attenuator State 4
(Path 2)
Digital Attenuator State 3
(Path 2)
Digital Attenuator State 2
(Path 2)
Digital Attenuator State 1
(Path 2)
On-Chip DAC
(Path 2)
Digital Attenuator State 4
(Path 1)
Digital Attenuator State 3
(Path 1)
D548dB step
D534dB step
D522dB step
D511dB step
D5016dB step (MSB of the 5-bit word used to program the Path 2 digital attenuator state 3)
D498dB step
D484dB step
D472dB step
D461dB step
D4516dB step (MSB of the 5-bit word used to program the Path 2 digital attenuator state 2)
D448dB step
D434dB step
D422dB step
D411dB step
D4016dB step (MSB of the 5-bit word used to program the Path 2 digital attenuator state 1)
D398dB step
D384dB step
D372dB step
D361dB step
D35Bit 7 (MSB) of on-chip DAC used to program the Path 2 analog attenuator
D34Bit 6 of DAC
D33Bit 5 of DAC
D32Bit 4 of DAC
D31Bit 3 of DAC
D30Bit 2 of DAC
D29Bit 1 of DAC
D28Bit 0 (LSB) of DAC
D2716dB step (MSB of the 5-bit word used to program the Path 1 digital attenuator state 4)
D268dB step
D254dB step
D242dB step
D231dB step
D2216dB step (MSB of the 5-bit word used to program the Path 1 digital attenuator state 3)
D218dB step
D204dB step
D192dB step
D181dB step
Dual 50MHz to 1000MHz High-Linearity,
Serial/Parallel-Controlled Analog/Digital VGA
Table 3. SPI Data Format (continued)
FUNCTIONBITDESCRIPTION
D1716dB step (MSB of the 5-bit word used to program the Path 1 digital attenuator state 2)
Digital Attenuator State 2
(Path 1)
MAX2062
Digital Attenuator State 1
(Path 1)
On-Chip DAC
(Path 1)
D168dB step
D154dB step
D142dB step
D131dB step
D1216dB step (MSB of the 5-bit word used to program the Path 1 digital attenuator state 1)
D118dB step
D104dB step
D92dB step
D81dB step
D7Bit 7 (MSB) of on-chip DAC used to program the Path 1 analog attenuator
D6Bit 6 of DAC
D5Bit 5 of DAC
D4Bit 4 of DAC
D3Bit 3 of DAC
D2Bit 2 of DAC
D1Bit 1 of DAC
D0 (LSB)Bit 0 (LSB) of DAC
Figure 1. SPI Timing Diagram
MSBLSB
DATA
CLOCK
CS
NOTES:
DND1D0D(N-1)
t
CS
t
EWS
DATA ENTERED ON CLOCK RISING EDGE.
ATTENUATOR REGISTER STATE CHANGE ON CS RISING EDGE.
N = NUMBER OF DATA BITS.
The two analog attenuators are controlled by an external
control voltage applied at A_VCTL_1 and A_VCTL_2
(pins 39 and 22) or by the on-chip 8-bit DACs, while
the digital attenuators are controlled through the SPIcompatible interface or through two independent,
parallel 5-bit buses. The DAC enable/disable logic-input
pin (AA_SP) and digital attenuator SPI/parallel control
selection logic-input pin (DA_SP) determine how the
attenuators are controlled.
Digital Attenuator Settings
Using the Parallel Control Bus
To capitalize on its fast 25ns switching capability, the
device offers a supplemental 5-bit parallel control interface. The digital logic attenuator control pins (D0_–D4_)
enable the attenuator stages (see Tables 3 and 4).
Direct access to these 5-bit buses enables the user to
avoid any programming delays associated with the SPI
interface. One of the limitations of any SPI bus is the
speed at which commands can be clocked into each
peripheral device. By offering direct access to the 5-bit
parallel interface, the user can quickly shift between
digital attenuator states needed for critical fast-attack
automatic gain control (AGC) applications.
Note that when the digital attenuators are controlled by
the SPI bus, the control voltages of each digital attenuator appears on the five parallel control pins (pins 14–17
and 19 for digital attenuator 2, pins 42 and 44–47 for
MAX2062
digital attenuator 1). When the digital attenuators are
in SPI mode, the parallel control pins must be left
unconnected.
Rapid-Fire Preprogrammed
Attenuation States
The device has an added feature that provides rapidfire gain selection among four preprogrammed attenuation steps. As with the supplemental 5-bit buses
previously mentioned, this rapid-fire gain selection allows
the user to quickly access any one of four customized
digital attenuation states without incurring the delays
associated with reprogramming the device through the
SPI bus.
The switching speed is comparable to that achieved
using the supplemental 5-bit parallel buses. However, by
employing this specific feature, the digital attenuator I/O
is further reduced by a factor of either 5 or 2.5 (5 control
bits vs. 1 or 2, respectively), depending on the number
of states desired.
The user can employ the STA_A_1 and STA_B_1
(STA_A_2 and STA_B_2 for digital attenuator 2) logicinput pins to apply each step as required (see Tables
5 and 6). Toggling just the STA_A_1 pin (1 control bit)
yields two preprogrammed attenuation states; toggling
both the STA_A_1 and STA_B_1 pins together (2 control
bits) yields four preprogrammed attenuation states.
Table 4. Digital Attenuator Settings (Parallel Control, DA_SP = 0)
Table 6. Programmed Attenuation State
Settings for Attenuator 2 (DA_SP = 1)
STA_A_2 STA_B_2
00Preprogrammed attenuation state 1
10Preprogrammed attenuation state 2
01Preprogrammed attenuation state 3
11Preprogrammed attenuation state 4
**Defined by SPI programming bits D36:D55 (see Table 3 for
details).
SETTING FOR DIGITAL
ATTENUATOR 2**
Dual 50MHz to 1000MHz High-Linearity,
Serial/Parallel-Controlled Analog/Digital VGA
As an example, assume that the AGC application
requires a static attenuation adjustment to trim out gain
inconsistencies within a receiver lineup. The same AGC
circuit can also be called upon to dynamically attenuate an unwanted blocker signal that could desensitize
The sequence to be used is:
1) Power supply
2) Control lines
the receiver and lead to an ADC overdrive condition.
In this example, the device would be preprogrammed
(through the SPI bus) with two customized attenuation
MAX2062
states—one to address the static gain-trim adjustment,
the second to counter the unwanted blocker condition.
Toggling just the STA_A_1 control bit enables the user to
switch quickly between the static and dynamic attenuation settings with only one I/O pin.
If desired, the user can also program two additional
attenuation states by using the STA_B_1 control bit as a
second I/O pin. These two additional attenuation settings
are useful for software-defined radio applications where
multiple static gain settings are needed to account for different frequencies of operation, or where multiple dynamic
attenuation settings are needed to account for different
The pin configuration of the device is optimized to facilitate a very compact physical layout of the device and its
associated discrete components. The exposed pad (EP)
of the device’s 48-pin TQFN-EP package provides a low
thermal-resistance path to the die. It is important that
the PCB on which the device is mounted be designed
to conduct heat from the EP. In addition, provide the EP
with a low inductance path to electrical ground. The EP
MUST be soldered to a ground plane on the PCB, either
directly or through an array of plated via holes. The layout of the PCB should include proper top-layer ground
shielding to isolate the amplifier’s inputs and outputs
from each other. Shielding between the paths (inputs and
outputs) is important for channel-to-channel isolation.
blocker levels (as defined by multiple wireless standards).
For the latest package outline information and land patterns,
go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages. Note that a “+”, “#”, or
“-” in the package code indicates RoHS status only. Package
drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing
pertains to the package regardless of RoHS status.
PACKAGE
TYPE
48 TQFN-EPT4877+7
PACKAGE
CODE
OUTLINE
NO.
LAND PATTERN
NO.
21-014490-0133
Dual 50MHz to 1000MHz High-Linearity,
Serial/Parallel-Controlled Analog/Digital VGA
Revision History
REVISION
NUMBER
09/10Initial release—
111/10Updated Output Voltage specification5
MAX2062
REVISION
DATE
DESCRIPTION
PAGES
CHANGED
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied.
Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
24 Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600