Rainbow Electronics MAX2036 User Manual
General Description
The MAX2036 8-channel variable-gain amplifier (VGA)
and programmable octal mixer array is designed for
high linearity, high dynamic range, and low-noise performance targeting ultrasound imaging and Doppler
applications. Each amplifier features differential inputs
and outputs and a total gain range of 50dB (typ). In
addition, the VGAs offer very low output-referred noise
performance suitable for interfacing with 10-bit ADCs.
The MAX2036 VGA is optimized for less than ±0.5dB
absolute gain error to ensure minimal channel-to-channel
ultrasound beamforming focus error. The device’s differential outputs are designed to directly drive ultrasound
ADCs through an external passive anti-aliasing filter. A
switchable clamp is also provided at each amplifier’s
output to limit the output signals, thereby preventing
ADC overdrive or saturation.
Dynamic performance of the device is optimized to
reduce distortion to support second-harmonic imaging.
The device achieves a second-harmonic distortion
specification of -62dBc at V
OUT
= 1.5V
P-P
and fIN=
5MHz, and an ultrasound-specific* two-tone third-order
intermodulation distortion specification of -52dBc at
V
OUT
= 1.5V
P-P
and fIN= 5MHz.
The MAX2036 also integrates an octal quadrature mixer
array and programmable LO phase generators for a
complete CW beamforming solution. The LO phase
selection for each channel can be programmed using a
digital serial interface and a single high-frequency
clock or the LOs for each complex mixer pair can be
directly driven using separate 4 x LO clocks. The serial
interface is designed to allow multiple devices to be
easily daisy-chained in order to minimize program interface wiring. The LO phase dividers can be programmed to allow 4, 8, or 16 quadrature phases. The
input path of each CW mixer consists of a selectable
lowpass filter for optimal CWD noise performance. The
outputs of the mixers are summed into I and Q differential current outputs. The mixers and LO generators are
designed to have exceptionally low noise performance
of -155dBc/Hz at 1kHz offset from a 1.25MHz carrier.
The MAX2036 operates from a +5.0V power supply,
consuming only 120mW/channel in VGA mode and
269mW/channel in normal power CW mode. A lowpower CW mode is also available and consumes only
226mW/channel. The device is available in a lead-free
100-pin TQFP package (14mm x 14mm) with an
exposed pad. Electrical performance is guaranteed
over a 0°C to +70°C temperature range.
Applications
Ultrasound Imaging Sonar
Features
♦ 8-Channel Configuration
♦ High Integration for Ultrasound Imaging
Applications
♦ Pin Compatible with the MAX2035 Ultrasound
VGA
VGA Features
♦ Maximum Gain, Gain Range, and Output-Referred
Noise Optimized for Interfacing with 10-Bit ADCs
Maximum Gain of 39.5dB
Total Gain Range of 50dB
-60nV/√√Hz Ultra-Low Output-Referred Noise at
5MHz
♦ ±0.5dB Absolute Gain Error
♦ 120mW Consumption per Channel
♦ Switchable Output VGA Clamp Eliminating ADC
Overdrive
♦ Fully Differential VGA Outputs for Direct ADC
Drive
♦ Variable Gain Range Achieves 50dB Dynamic
Range
♦ -62dBc HD2 at V
OUT
= 1.5V
P-P
and fIN= 5MHz
♦ Two-Tone Ultrasound-Specific* IMD3 of -52dBc at
V
OUT
= 1.5V
P-P
and fIN= 5MHz
CWD Mixer Features
♦ Low Mixer Noise of -155dBc/Hz at 1kHz Offset
from 1.25MHz Carrier
♦ Serial-Programmable LO Phase Generator for 4, 8,
16 LO Quadrature Phase Resolution
♦ Optional Individual Channel 4 x fLOLO Input
Drive Capability
♦ 269mW Power Consumption per Channel (Normal
Power Mode) and 226mW Power Consumption
per Channel (Low-Power Mode)
♦ CWD Implementation Is Fully Compliant with All
Patents Related to Ultrasound Imaging
Techniques
MAX2036
Ultrasound VGA Integrated
with CW Octal Mixer
________________________________________________________________
Maxim Integrated Products
1
Ordering Information
19-4420; Rev 0; 1/09
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642,
or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com.
+
Denotes a lead(Pb)-free/RoHS-compliant package.
T = Tape-and-reel package.
D = Dry packing.
†
EP = Exposed pad.
PART TEMP RANGE PIN-PACKAGE
MAX2036CCQ+D 0°C to +70°C 100 TQFP-EP
†
MAX2036CCQ+TD 0°C to +70°C 100 TQFP-EP
†
Pin Configuration appears at end of data sheet.
*
See the Ultrasound-Specific IMD3 Specification in the
Applications Information section.
MAX2036
Ultrasound VGA Integrated
with CW Octal Mixer
2 _______________________________________________________________________________________
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—VGA MODE
(Figure 7, V
CC
= V
REF =
4.75V to 5.25V, VCM= (3/5)V
REF
, T
A =
0°C to +70°C, V
GND
= 0, LOW_PWR = 0, M4_EN = 0, CW_FILTER = 0
or 1, TMODE = 0, PD = 0, CW_VG = 1, CW_M1 = 0, CW_M2 = 0, no RF signals applied, capacitance to GND at each of the VGA
differential outputs is 60pF, differential capacitance across the VGA outputs is 10pF, R
L =
1kΩ, CW mixer outputs pulled up to +11V
through four separate ±0.1% 115Ω resistors, all CW channels programmed off. Typical values are at V
CC
= V
REF
=5V, TA= +25°C,
unless otherwise noted.) (Note 2)
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
VCC, V
REF
to GND .................................................-0.3V to +5.5V
Any Other Pins to GND...............................-0.3V to (V
CC
+ 0.3V)
CW Mixer Output Voltage to GND (CW_IOUT+, CW_IOUT-,
CW_QOUT+, CW_QOUT-) ................................................13V
VGA Differential Input Voltage (VGIN_+, VGIN_-)............8.0V
P-P
Analog Gain Control Differential Input Voltage
(VG_CTL+, VG_CTL-) ..................................................8.0V
P-P
CW Mixer Differential Input Voltage
(CWIN_+, CWIN_-).......................................................8.0V
P-P
CW Mixer LVDS LO Differential Input Voltage..................8.0V
P-P
Continuous Power Dissipation (TA= +70°C)
100-Pin TQFP (derated 45.5mW/°C above +70°C)..3636.4mW
Operating Temperature Range...............................0°C to +70°C
Junction Temperature......................................................+150°C
θ
JC
(Note 1) .....................................................................+2°C/W
θ
JA
(Note 1)....................................................................+22°C/W
Storage Temperature Range .............................-40°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300°C
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS
VGA MODE
Supply Voltage Range V
CC
5
V
VCC External Reference Voltage
Range
V
REF
(Note 3)
5
V
PD = 0
231
Total Power-Supply Current
Refers to V
CC
supply
current plus V
REF
current
PD =1 27 33
mA
VCC Supply Current I
VCC
216 mA
V
REF
Current I
REF
12 15 mA
Current Consumption per
Amplifier Channel
Refers to V
CC
supply current 24 27 mA
Minimum gain +2
Differential Analog Control
Voltage Range
Maximum gain -2
V
P-P
Differential Analog Control
Common-Mode Voltage
V
CM
3
V
Analog Control Input Source/Sink
Current
4.5 5 mA
LOGIC INPUTS
CMOS Input High Voltage V
IH
2.3 V
CMOS Input Low Voltage V
IL
0.8 V
Note 1: Package thermal resistances were obtained using the method described in JEDEC specification JESD51-7, using a four-
layer board. For detailed information on package thermal considerations, refer to www.maxim-ic.com/thermal-tutorial
.
SYMBOL
MIN TYP MAX UNITS
4.75
4.75
204
192
2.85
5.25
5.25
3.15
MAX2036
Ultrasound VGA Integrated
with CW Octal Mixer
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 3
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—CM MIXER MODE
(Figure 7, V
CC
= V
REF =
4.75V to 5.25V, T
A =
0°C to +70°C, V
GND
= 0, LOW_PWR = 0, M4_EN = 0, CW_FILTER = 0 or 1, TMODE = 0,
PD = 0, CW_VG = 0, CW_M1 = 0, CW_M2 = 0, no RF signals applied, capacitance to GND at each of the VGA differential outputs is
60pF, differential capacitance across the VGA outputs is 10pF, R
L =
1kΩ, CW mixer outputs pulled up to +11V through four separate
±0.1% 115Ω resistors. Typical values are at V
CC
= V
REF
=5V, TA= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 2)
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS
CW MIXER MODE
Current in Full-Power Mode
5V V
CC
Supply
I
CC_FP
265 mA
Current in Full-Power Mode
11V V
MIX
Supply
I
MIX_FP
120 mA
Current in Full-Power Mode
5V V
REF
Supply
I
REF_FP
17 21 mA
Power Dissipation in Full-Power
Mode
Total power dissipation (all 8 channels
including both 5V (V
CC
and V
REF
) and 11V
mixer pullup supply power dissipation in the
device) (Note 4)
W
Current in Low-Power Mode
5V V
CC
Supply
I
CC_LP
LOW_PWR = 1; refers to VCC supply
current (all 8 channels)
265 mA
Current in Low-Power Mode
11V V
MIX
Supply
I
MIX_LP
LOW_PWR = 1; refers to V
MIX
supply
current (all 8 channels)
53 60 mA
Current in Low-Power Mode
5V V
REF
Supply
I
REF_LP
LOW_PWR = 1; refers to V
REF
supply
current (all 8 channels)
17 21 mA
Power Dissipation in Low-Power
Mode
LOW_PWR = 1; total power dissipation (all 8
channels including both 5V (V
CC
and V
REF
)
and 11V mixer pullup supply power
dissipation in the device) (Note 4)
W
Mixer LVDS LO Input CommonMode Voltage
Modes 1 and 2 (Note 5)
V
LVDS LO Differential Input
Voltage
Modes 1 and 2
LVDS LO Input Common-Mode
Current
Per pin
200 µA
LVDS LO Differential Input
Resistance
Modes 1 and 2 (Note 6) 30 kΩ
Mixer IF Common-Mode Output
Current
Common-mode current in each of the
differential mixer outputs (Note 7)
mA
DATA Output High Voltage
DOUT voltage when terminated in DIN
(daisy chain) (Note 8)
4.5 V
DATA Output Low Voltage
DOUT voltage when terminated in DIN
(daisy chain) (Note 8)
0.5 V
SYMBOL
P
DISS_FP
P
DISS_LP
Refer s to V
Refer s to V
Refer s to V
sup p l y cur r ent ( al l 8 channel s) 245
C C
sup p l y cur r ent ( al l 8 channel s) 106
M IX
sup p l y cur r ent ( al l 8 channel s)
R E F
MIN TYP MAX UNITS
2.15 2.41
245
1.81 2.06
1.25
±0.2
200 700 mV
150
3.25 3.75
P-P
MAX2036
Ultrasound VGA Integrated
with CW Octal Mixer
4 _______________________________________________________________________________________
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—VGA MODE
(Figure 7, VCC= V
REF
= 4.75V to 5.25V, VCM= (3/5)V
REF
, TA= 0°C to +70°C, V
GND
= 0, LOW_PWR = 0, M4_EN = 0, CW_FILTER = 1,
TMODE = 0, PD = 0, CW_VG = 1, CW_M1 = 0, CW_M2 = 0, VG_CLAMP_MODE = 1, f
RF
= fLO/16 = 5MHz, capacitance to GND at
each of the VGA differential outputs is 60pF, differential capacitance across the VGA outputs is 10pF, R
L
= 1kΩ, CW mixer outputs
pulled up to +11V through four separate ±0.1% 115Ω resistors, differential mixer inputs are driven from a low-impedance source.
Typical values are at V
CC
= V
REF
= 5V, TA= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 2)
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS
UNITS
Mode Select Response Time
CW_VG set from logic 1 to 0 or from 0 to 1
(Note 9)
2µs
VGA MODE
Differential output
capacitance is 10pF,
capacitance to GND at
each single-ended output
is 60pF, R
L
= 1kΩ
17
Large-Signal Bandwidth f
-3dB
gain = 20dB
No capacitive load,
RL = 1kΩ
22
MHz
Differential Input Resistance R
IN
Ω
Input Effective Capacitance C
IN
fRF = 10MHz, each input to ground 15 pF
Differential Output Resistance R
OUT
Ω
Maximum Gain
dB
Minimum Gain
dB
Gain Range 50 dB
TA = +25°C, -2.0V < VG_CTL < -1.8V,
V
REF
= 5V
TA = +25°C, -1.8V < VG_CTL < +1.2V,
V
REF
= 5V
Absolute Gain Error
T
A
= +25°C, +1.2V < VG_CTL < +2.0V,
V
REF
= 5V
dB
VGA Gain Response Time 50dB gain change to within 1dB final value 1 µs
Input-Referred Noise V G_C TL set for m axi m um g ai n, no i np ut si g nal 2
nV/√Hz
No input signal 60
Output-Referred Noise
VG_CTL set for
+20dB of gain
V
OUT
= 1.5V
P-P
,
1kHz offset
nV/√Hz
VG_CLAMP_MODE = 1,
VG_CTL set for +20dB of gain,
f
RF
= 5MHz, V
OUT
= 1.5V
P-P
-55 -62
Second Harmonic HD2
VG_CLAMP_MODE = 1,
VG_CTL set for +20dB of gain,
f
RF
= 10MHz, V
OUT
= 1.5V
P-P
-62
dBc
Third-Order Intermodulation
Distortion
IMD3
VG_CTL set for +20dB of gain,
f
RF1
= 5MHz, f
RF2
= 5.01MHz,
V
OUT
= 1.5V
P-P
, V
REF
= 5V (Note 3)
-40 -52 dBc
Channel-to-Channel Crosstalk
V
OUT
= 1V
P-P
differential, fRF = 10MHz,
VG_CTL set for +20dB of gain
-80 dB
SYMBOL
MIN TYP MAX
V
= 1.5V
OUT
3dB bandwidth,
,
P-P
170 200 230
100
39.5
-10.5
±0.6
±0.5
±1.2
120
MAX2036
Ultrasound VGA Integrated
with CW Octal Mixer
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 5
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—CW MIXER MODE (continued)
(Figure 7, VCC= V
REF
= 4.75V to 5.25V, TA= 0°C to +70°C, V
GND
= 0, LOW_PWR = 0, M4_EN = 0, CW_FILTER = 1, TMODE = 0,
PD = 0, CW_VG = 0, CW_M1 = 0, CW_M2 = 0, VG_CLAMP_MODE = 1, f
RF
= fLO/16 = 5MHz, capacitance to GND at each of the
VGA differential outputs is 60pF, differential capacitance across the VGA outputs is 10pF, R
L
= 1kΩ, CW mixer outputs pulled up to
+11V through four separate ±0.1% 115Ω resistors, differential mixer inputs are driven from a low-impedance source. Typical values
are at V
CC
= V
REF
= 5V, TA= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 2)
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS
Maximum Output Voltage at
Clamp ON
VG_CLAMP_MODE = 0,
VG_CTL set for +20dB of gain,
350mV
P-P
differential input
2.2
V
P-P
Maximum Output Voltage at
Clamp OFF
VG_CLAMP_MODE = 1,
VG_CTL set for +20dB of gain,
350mV
P-P
differential input
3.4
V
P-P
CW MIXER MODE
Mixer RF Frequency Range 0.9 7.6 MHz
Mixer LO Frequency Range 1 7.5 MHz
Mixer IF Frequency Range
kHz
Maximum Input Voltage Range 1.8
V
P-P
CW_FILTER = 0
Differential Input Resistance
CW_FILTER = 1
Ω
M od e 3, fRF = fLO/4 = 1.25M H z, m easur ed at a
1kH z offset fr eq uency; cl utter tone at 0.9V
P - P
d i ffer enti al m easur ed at the m i xer i np ut
6
Input-Referred Noise Voltage
Mode 3, RF terminated into 50Ω;
f
LO
/4 = 1.25MHz, measured at 1kHz offset
4.6
Third-Order Intermodulation
Distortion
IMD3
Mode 1, f
RF1
= 5MHz at 0.9V
P-P
differential
input, Doppler tone f
RF2
= 5.01MHz at 25dBc
from clutter tone, f
LO
/16 = 5MHz (Note 10)
-50 dBc
M i xer O utp ut V ol tag e C om p l i ance
(Note 11)
V
Channel-to-Channel Phase
Matching
Measured under zero beat conditions,
f
RF
= 5MHz, fLO/16 = 5MHz (Note 12)
±3
Channel-to-Channel Gain
Matching
Measured under zero beat conditions,
f
RF
= 5MHz, fLO/16 = 5MHz (Note 12)
±2 dB
CW_FILTER = 1
f
RF
= 1.1MHz at 1V
P - P
d i ffer enti al ,
f
LO
/16 = 1MHz
2.8
Transconductance
(Note 13)
CW_FILTER = 0
(low LPF cutoff
frequency)
f
RF
= 1.1MHz at 1V
P - P
d i ffer enti al ,
f
LO
/16 = 1MHz
2.8
mS
SYMBOL
MIN TYP MAX UNITS
4.75 12.00
633
1440
d i ffer enti al
d i ffer enti al
100
d i ffer enti al
nV/√Hz
Degrees
MAX2036
Ultrasound VGA Integrated
with CW Octal Mixer
6 _______________________________________________________________________________________
AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS—CW MIXER MODE (continued)
(Figure 7, VCC= V
REF
= 4.75V to 5.25V, TA= 0°C to +70°C, V
GND
= 0, LOW_PWR = 0, M4_EN = 0, CW_FILTER = 1, TMODE = 0,
PD = 0, CW_VG = 0, CW_M1 = 0, CW_M2 = 0, VG_CLAMP_MODE = 1, f
RF
= fLO/16 = 5MHz, capacitance to GND at each of the VGA
differential outputs is 60pF, differential capacitance across the VGA outputs is 10pF, R
L
= 1kΩ, CW mixer outputs pulled up to +11V
through four separate ±0.1% 115Ω resistors, differential mixer inputs are driven from a low-impedance source. Typical values are at
V
CC
= V
REF
= 5V, TA= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 2)
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS
UNITS
SERIAL SHIFT REGISTER
Serial Shift Register Programming
Rate
10 MHz
Minimum Data Set-Up Time t
DSU
30 ns
Minimum Data Hold Time t
HLD
2ns
Minimum Data Clock Time t
DCLK
ns
Minimum Data Clock Pulse Width
High
30 ns
Minimum Data Clock Pulse Width
Low
30 ns
Minimum Load Line t
LD
30 ns
Minimum Load Line High to Mixer
Clock On
30 ns
Minimum Data Clock to Load
Line High
t
CLH
30 ns
Note 2: Specifications at TA= +25°C and TA= +70°C are guaranteed by production. Specifications at TA= 0°C are guaranteed by
design and characterization.
Note 3: Noise performance of the device is dependent on the noise contribution from the supply to V
REF
. Use a low-noise supply
for V
REF
. VCCand V
REF
can be connected together to share the same supply voltage if the supply for VCCexhibits low
noise.
Note 4: Total on-chip power dissipation is calculated as P
DISS
= VCCx ICC+ V
REF
x I
REF
+ [11V - (I
MIX
/4) x 115] x I
MIX
.
Note 5: Note that the LVDS CWD LO clocks are DC-coupled. This is to ensure immediate synchronization when the clock is first
turned on. An AC-coupled LO is problematic in that the RC time constant associated with the coupling capacitors and the
input impedance of the pin causes there to be a period of time (related to the RC time constant) when the DC level on the
chip side of the capacitor is outside the acceptable common-mode range and the LO swing does not exceed both the
logic thresholds required for proper operation. This problem associated with AC-coupling would cause an inability to
ensure synchronization among beamforming channels. The LVDS signal is terminated differentially with an external 100Ω
resistor on the board.
Note 6: External 100Ω resistor terminates the LVDS differential signal path.
Note 7: The mixer common-mode current (3.25mA/channel) is specified as the common-mode current in each of the differential
mixer outputs (CW_QOUT+, CW_QOUT-, CW_IOUT+, CW_IOUT-).
Note 8: Specification guaranteed only for DOUT driving DIN of the next device in a daisy-chain fashion.
Note 9: This response time does not include the CW output highpass filter. When switching to VGA mode, the CW outputs stop
drawing current and the output voltage goes to the rail. If a highpass filter is used, the recovery time can be excessive and
a switching network is recommended as shown in the
Applications Information
section.
Note 10: See the
Ultrasound-Specific IMD3 Specification
in the
Applications Information
section.
Note 11: Mixer output-voltage compliance is the range of acceptable voltages allowed on the CW mixer outputs.
Note 12: Channel-to-channel gain-and-phase matching measured on 30 pieces during engineering characterization at room temper-
ature. Each mixer is used as a phase detector and produces a DC voltage in the IQ plane. The phase is given by the angle
of the vector drawn on that plane. Multiple channels from multiple parts are compared to each other to produce the phase
variation.
Note 13: Transconductance is defined as the quadrature summing of the CW differential output current at baseband divided by the
mixer’s input voltage.
SYMBOL
MIN TYP MAX
100
t
DCLKPWH
t
DCLKPWL
t
MIXCLK
MAX2036
Ultrasound VGA Integrated
with CW Octal Mixer
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 7
Typical Operating Characteristics
(Figure 7, VCC= V
REF
= 4.75V to 5.25V, V
GND
= 0, PD = 0, VG_CLAMP_MODE = 1, fRF= 5MHz, capacitance to GND at each of the
VGA differential outputs is 60pF, differential capacitance across the VGA outputs is 10pF, R
L
= 1kΩ, TA= 0°C to +70°C. Typical val-
ues are at V
CC
= V
REF
= 5V, VCM= 3.0V, TA= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
OVERDRIVE PHASE DELAY
vs. FREQUENCY
MAX2036 toc01
V
IN1
= 35mV
P-P
DIFFERENTIAL
V
IN2
= 87.5mV
P-P
DIFFERENTIAL
GAIN = 20dB
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0
OVERDRIVE PHASE DELAY (ns)
FREQUENCY (MHz)
17.5 20.0
POWER-SUPPLY MODULATION RATIO
MAX2036 toc02
V
OUT
= 1.5V
P-P
DIFFERENTIAL
V
MOD
= 50mV
P-P
, f
CARRIER
= 5MHz,
GAIN = 20dB
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
0 25 50 75 100 125 150
PSMR (dBc)
FREQUENCY (kHz)
175 200
TWO-TONE ULTRASOUND-SPECIFIC
IMD3 vs. GAIN
MAX2036 toc03
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-20
-10
0
-15 -5 5 15 25 35 45
IMD3 (dBc)
GAIN (dB)
V
OUT
= 1V
P-P
DIFFERENTIAL
GAIN = 20dB
f = 2MHz, 5MHz
f = 10MHz
OVERLOAD RECOVERY TIME
MAX2036 toc07
OUTPUT OVERLOAD TO 100mV
P-P
f = 5MHz
DIFFERENTIAL
INPUT
200mV/div
DIFFERENTIAL
OUTPUT
500mV/div
SECOND-HARMONIC DISTORTION
vs. GAIN
MAX2036 toc04
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-100
-90
-80
-20
-10
0
-15 -5 5 15 25 35 45
HD2 (dBc)
GAIN (dB)
f = 2MHz
V
OUT
= 1V
P-P
DIFFERENTIAL
f = 5MHz
f = 12MHz
THIRD-HARMONIC DISTORTION
vs. GAIN
MAX2036 toc05
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-100
-90
-80
-20
-10
0
-15 -5 5 15 25 35 45
HD3 (dBc)
GAIN (dB)
V
OUT
= 1V
P-P
DIFFERENTIAL
f = 12MHz
f = 5MHz
f = 2MHz
OVERLOAD RECOVERY TIME
MAX2036 toc06
OUTPUT OVERLOAD TO 1V
P-P
f = 5MHz
DIFFERENTIAL
INPUT
200mV/div
DIFFERENTIAL
OUTPUT
500mV/div
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