General Description
The MAX11644/MAX11645 low-power, 12-bit, 1-/2channel analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) feature
internal track/hold (T/H), voltage reference, clock, and
an I2C-compatible 2-wire serial interface. These
devices operate from a single supply of 2.7V to 3.6V
(MAX11645) or 4.5V to 5.5V (MAX11644) and require
only 6μA at a 1ksps sample rate. AutoShutdown™ powers down the devices between conversions, reducing
supply current to less than 1μA at low throughput rates.
The MAX11644/MAX11645 each measure two singleended or one differential input. The fully differential analog inputs are software configurable for unipolar or
bipolar, and single-ended or differential operation.
The full-scale analog input range is determined by the
internal reference or by an externally applied reference
voltage ranging from 1V to V
DD
. The MAX11645 features a 2.048V internal reference and the MAX11644
features a 4.096V internal reference.
The MAX11644/MAX11645 are available in an ultra-tiny
1.9mm x 2.2mm WLP package and an 8-pin μMAX
®
package. The MAX11644/MAX11645 are guaranteed
over the extended temperature range (-40°C to +85°C).
For pin-compatible 10-bit parts, refer to the MAX11646/
MAX11647 data sheet.
Applications
Features
♦ Ultra-Tiny 1.9mm x 2.2mm Wafer Level Package
♦ High-Speed I
2
C-Compatible Serial Interface
400kHz Fast Mode
1.7MHz High-Speed Mode
♦ Single-Supply
2.7V to 3.6V (MAX11645)
4.5V to 5.5V (MAX11644)
♦ Internal Reference
2.048V (MAX11645)
4.096V (MAX11644)
♦ External Reference: 1V to V
DD
♦ Internal Clock
2-Channel Single-Ended or 1-Channel Fully
Differential
♦ Internal FIFO with Channel-Scan Mode
♦ Low Power
670µA at 94.4ksps
230µA at 40ksps
60µA at 10ksps
6µA at 1ksps
0.5µA in Power-Down Mode
♦ Software-Configurable Unipolar/Bipolar
MAX11644/MAX11645
Low-Power, 1-/2-Channel, I2C, 12-Bit ADCs
in Ultra-Tiny 1.9mm x 2.2mm Package
________________________________________________________________
Maxim Integrated Products
1
Ordering Information
19-5225; Rev 1; 9/10
For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642,
or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com.
EVALUATION KIT
AVAILABLE
Typical Operating Circuit and Selector Guide appear at end
of data sheet.
AutoShutdown is a trademark and μMAX is a registered trademark
of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
+
Denotes a lead(Pb)-free/RoHs-compliant package.
Handheld Portable
Applications
Medical Instruments
Battery-Powered Test
Equipment
Solar-Powered Remote
Systems
Received-Signal-Strength
Indicators
System Supervision
Power-Supply Monitoring
PART TEMP RANGE
MAX11644EUA+ -40°C to +85°C 8 μMAX 0110110
MAX11645EUA+ -40°C to +85°C 8 μMAX 0110110
MAX11645EWC+ -40°C to +85°C 12 WLP 0110110
PINPACKAGE
2
I
C SLAVE
ADDRESS
MAX11644/MAX11645
Low-Power, 1-/2-Channel, I2C, 12-Bit ADCs
in Ultra-Tiny 1.9mm x 2.2mm Package
2 _______________________________________________________________________________________
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VDD= 2.7V to 3.6V (MAX11645), VDD= 4.5V to 5.5V (MAX11644), V
REF
= 2.048V (MAX11645), V
REF
= 4.096V (MAX11644),
f
SCL
= 1.7MHz, TA= T
MIN
to T
MAX
, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA= +25°C, see Tables 1–5 for programming
notation.) (Note 1)
Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
VDDto GND..............................................................-0.3V to +6V
AIN0, AIN1, REF to GND ..............................-0.3V to the lower of
(VDD+ 0.3V) and 6V
SDA, SCL to GND.....................................................-0.3V to +6V
Maximum Current into Any Pin .........................................±50mA
Continuous Power Dissipation (T
A
= +70°C)
8-Pin μMAX (derate 4.5mW/°C above +70°C) ..............362mW
12-Pin WLP (derate 16.1mW/°C above +70°C) ..........1288mW
Operating Temperature Range ...........................-40°C to +85°C
Junction Temperature......................................................+150°C
Storage Temperature Range .............................-60°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s)
μMAX only.....................................................................+300°C
Soldering Temperature (reflow) .......................................+260°C
DC ACCURACY (Note 2)
Resolution 12 Bits
Relative Accuracy INL (Note 3) ±1 LSB
Differentia l Non linearity DNL No miss ing codes over temperature ±1 LSB
Offset Error ±4 LSB
Offset-Error Temperature
Coefficient
Gain Error (Note 4) ±4 LSB
Gain-Temperature Coefficient Relative to FSR 0.3 ppm/°C
Channel-to-Channel Offset
Matching
Channel-to-Channel Gain
Matching
DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE (f
Signal-to-Noise Plus Distortion SINAD 70 dB
Total Harmonic D istortion THD Up to the 5th harmonic -78 dB
Spurious-Free Dynamic Range SFDR 78 dB
Ful l-Power Bandwidth SINAD > 68dB 3 MHz
Ful l-Linear Bandwidth -3dB point 5 MHz
CONVERSION RATE
Conversion Time (Note 5) t
Throughput Rate f
Track/Hold Acquis ition Time 800 ns
Internal Clock Frequency 2.8 MHz
Aperture Delay (Note 6) t
PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
IN(SINE-WAVE)
Relative to FSR 0.3 ppm/°C
±0.1 LSB
±0.1 LSB
CONV
SAMPLE
AD
= 10kHz, V
Internal clock 7.5
External clock 10.6
Internal clock, SCAN[1:0] = 01 51
External clock 94.4
External clock, fast mode 60
External clock, high-speed mode 30
IN(P-P)
= V
REF
, f
SAMPLE
= 94.4ksps)
μs
ksps
ns
MAX11644/MAX11645
Low-Power, 1-/2-Channel, I2C, 12-Bit ADCs
in Ultra-Tiny 1.9mm x 2.2mm Package
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 3
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
(VDD= 2.7V to 3.6V (MAX11645), VDD= 4.5V to 5.5V (MAX11644), V
REF
= 2.048V (MAX11645), V
REF
= 4.096V (MAX11644),
f
SCL
= 1.7MHz, TA= T
MIN
to T
MAX
, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA= +25°C, see Tables 1–5 for programming
notation.) (Note 1)
ANALOG INPUT (AIN0/AIN1)
Ended and Different ia l (Note 7)
Input Multiplexer Leakage
Input Capacitance CIN 22 pF
INTERNAL REFERENCE (Note 8)
Reference Voltage V
Reference-Voltage Temperature
Coefficient
REF Short-Circuit Current 2 mA
REF Source Impedance 1.5 k
EXTERNAL REFERENCE
REF Input Voltage Range V
REF Input Current I
DIGITAL INPUTS/OUTPUTS (SCL, SDA)
Input-High Voltage VIH 0.7 x VDD V
Input-Low Voltage VIL 0.3 x VDD V
Input Hystere sis V
Input Current IIN VIN = 0 to VDD ±10 μA
Input Capacitance CIN 15 pF
Output Low Voltage VOL I
POWER REQUIREMENTS
Supply Voltage V
Supply Current I
Power-Supply Rejection Ratio PSRR Full-scale input (Note 10) ±0.5 ±2.0 LSB/V
PARAMETER S YMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
Unipolar 0 V
Bipolar 0 ±V
On/off lea kage current, V
TA = +25°C
REF
25 ppm/°C
TCV
REF
(Note 9) 1 VDD V
REF
f
REF
HYST
DD
DD
SAMPLE
0.1 x VDD V
= 3mA 0.4 V
SINK
MAX11645 2.7 3.6
MAX11644 4.5 5.5
f
SAMPLE
external clock
f
SAMPLE
internal clock
f
SAMPLE
internal clock
f
SAMPLE
internal clock
Shutdown (internal REF off) 0.5 10
MAX11645 1.968 2.048 2.128
MAX11644 3.936 4.096 4.256
= 94.4ksps 40 μA
= 94.4ksps
= 40ksps
= 10ksps
=1ksps
_ = 0 or V
AIN
Internal reference 900 1150
External reference 670 900
Internal reference 530
External reference 230
Internal reference 380
External reference 60
Internal reference 330
External reference 6
DD
REFInput Voltage Range, Single-
REF
±0.01 ±1 μA
V
/2
V
V
μA
MAX11644/MAX11645
Low-Power, 1-/2-Channel, I2C, 12-Bit ADCs
in Ultra-Tiny 1.9mm x 2.2mm Package
4 _______________________________________________________________________________________
TIMING CHARACTERISTICS (Figure 1)
(VDD= 2.7V to 3.6V (MAX11645), VDD= 4.5V to 5.5V (MAX11644), V
REF
= 2.048V (MAX11645), V
REF
= 4.096V (MAX11644),
f
SCL
= 1.7MHz, TA= T
MIN
to T
MAX
, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA= +25°C, see Tables 1–5 for programming
notation.) (Note 1)
TIMING CHARACTERISTICS FOR FAST MODE
Serial-Clock Frequency f
Bus Free Time Between a STOP (P)
and a START (S) Condition
Hold Time f or START C ond ition t
Low Period of the SCL Clock t
High Period of the SCL Clock t
Setup Time for a Repeated START
(Sr) Condit ion
Data Hold Time t
Data Setup Time t
Rise Time of Both SDA and SCL
Signals, Receiving
Fal l Time of SDA Transmitt ing tF Measured from 0.3VDD - 0.7V
Setup Time for STOP Condition t
Capacitive Load for Each Bu s Line CB 400 pF
Pulse Width of Spike Suppressed tSP 50 ns
TIMING CHARACTERISTICS FOR HIGH-SPEED MODE (CB = 400pF, Note 13)
Serial-Clock Frequency f
Hold Time, Repeated START
Condition
Low Period of the SCL Clock t
High Period of the SCL Clock t
Setup Time for a Repeated START
Condition
Data Hold Time tHD,
Data Setup Time tSU,
Rise Time of SCL Signal
(Current Source Enabled)
PARAMETER S YMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
400 kH z
SCL
1.3 μs
t
BUF
0.6 μs
HD, STA
1.3 μs
LOW
0.6 μs
HIGH
0.6 μs
t
SU,STA
(Note 11) 0 900 ns
HD,DAT
100 ns
SU,DAT
Measured from 0.3VDD - 0.7VDD 20 + 0.1CB 300 ns
t
R
0.6 μs
SU,STO
(Note 14) 1.7 MHz
SCLH
t
160 ns
HD, STA
320 ns
LOW
120 ns
HIGH
t
160 ns
SU,STA
(Note 11) 0 150 ns
DAT
10 ns
DAT
t
20 80 ns
RCL
(Note 12) 20 + 0.1CB 300 ns
DD
MAX11644/MAX11645
Low-Power, 1-/2-Channel, I2C, 12-Bit ADCs
in Ultra-Tiny 1.9mm x 2.2mm Package
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 5
TIMING CHARACTERISTICS (Figure 1) (continued)
(VDD= 2.7V to 3.6V (MAX11645), VDD= 4.5V to 5.5V (MAX11644), V
REF
= 2.048V (MAX11645), V
REF
= 4.096V (MAX11644),
f
SCL
= 1.7MHz, TA= T
MIN
to T
MAX
, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA= +25°C, see Tables 1–5 for programming
notation.) (Note 1)
Note 1: All WLP devices are 100% production tested at T
A
= +25°C. Specifications over temperature limits are guaranteed by
design and characterization.
Note 2: For DC accuracy, the MAX11644 is tested at VDD= 5V and the MAX11645 is tested at VDD= 3V with an external
reference for both ADCs. All devices are configured for unipolar, single-ended inputs.
Note 3: Relative accuracy is the deviation of the analog value at any code from its theoretical value after the full-scale range and
offsets have been calibrated.
Note 4: Offset nulled.
Note 5: Conversion time is defined as the number of clock cycles needed for conversion multiplied by the clock period.
Conversion time does not include acquisition time. SCL is the conversion clock in the external clock mode.
Note 6: A filter on the SDA and SCL inputs suppresses noise spikes and delays the sampling instant.
Note 7: The absolute input voltage range for the analog inputs (AIN0/AIN1) is from GND to V
DD
.
Note 8: When the internal reference is configured to be available at REF (SEL[2:1] = 11), decouple REF to GND with a
0.1μF capacitor and a 2kΩ series resistor (see the
Typical Operating Circuit
).
Note 9: ADC performance is limited by the converter’s noise floor, typically 300μV
P-P
.
Note 10: Measured for the MAX11645 as:
and for the MAX11644, where N is the number of bits:
Note 11: A master device must provide a data hold time for SDA (referred to V
IL
of SCL) to bridge the undefined region of SCL’s
falling edge (see Figure 1).
Note 12: The minimum value is specified at T
A
= +25°C.
Note 13: C
B
= total capacitance of one bus line in pF.
Note 14: f
SCL
must meet the minimum clock low time plus the rise/fall times.
Rise Time of SCL Signal After
Acknowledge Bit
Fal l Time of SCL Signal t
Rise Time of SDA Signal t
Fal l Time of SDA Signal t
Setup Time for STOP Condition tSU,
Capacitive Load for Each Bu s Line CB 400 pF
Pulse Width of Spike Suppressed tSP (Notes 11 and 14) 0 10 ns
PARAMETER S YMBOL CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
t
Measured from 0.3VDD - 0.7VDD 20 160 ns
RCL1
Measured from 0.3VDD - 0.7VDD 20 80 ns
FCL
Measured from 0.3VDD - 0.7VDD 20 160 ns
RDA
Measured from 0.3VDD - 0.7V
FDA
160 ns
STO
(Note 12) 20 160 ns
DD
⎡
⎢
VVVV
(. ) (. )
36 27
⎡
FS FS
⎣
⎢
⎣
⎡
⎢
VVVV
⎡
FS FS
⎣
⎢
⎣
−
V
(.
36
−− 27.)V
(. ) (. )
55 45
−
V
(.
55
−− 45.)V
N
⎤
2
⎥
×
⎤
⎦
V
REF
⎥
⎦
N
⎤
2
⎥
×
⎤
⎦
V
REF
⎥
⎦
MAX11644/MAX11645
Low-Power, 1-/2-Channel, I2C, 12-Bit ADCs
in Ultra-Tiny 1.9mm x 2.2mm Package
6 _______________________________________________________________________________________
Typical Operating Characteristics
(VDD= 3.3V (MAX11645), VDD= 5V (MAX11644), f
SCL
= 1.7MHz, 50% duty cycle, f
SAMPLE
= 94.4ksps, single-ended, unipolar,
T
A
= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
-140
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0 10k 20k 30k 40k 50k
FFT PLOT
MAX11644 toc03
FREQUENCY (Hz)
AMPLITUDE (dBc)
f
SAMPLE
= 94.4ksps
f
IN
= 10kHz
300
400
350
500
450
600
550
650
750
700
800
-40 -10 5-25 20 35 50 65 80
SUPPLY CURRENT
vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX11644 toc04
TEMPERATURE (°C)
SUPPLY CURRENT (μA)
SETUP BYTE
EXT REF: 10111011
INT REF: 11011011
INTERNAL REFERENCE MAX11644
INTERNAL REFERENCE MAX11645
EXTERNAL REFERENCE MAX11644
EXTERNAL REFERENCE MAX11645
0
0.2
0.1
0.4
0.3
0.5
0.6
2
.75
.2
SHUTDOWN SUPPLY CURRENT
vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
MAX11644 toc05
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
I
DD
(μA)
3.73.24.24.7
SDA = SCL = V
DD
0
0.10
0.05
0.20
0.15
0.30
0.25
0.35
0.45
0.40
0.50
-40 -10 5
-25
20 35 50 65 80
SHUTDOWN SUPPLY CURRENT
vs. TEMPERATURE
MAX11644 toc06
TEMPERATURE (°C)
SUPPLY CURRENT (μA)
MAX11644
MAX11645
0
200
100
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
0 20406080100
ANALOG SUPPLY CURRENT vs.
CONVERSION RATE (EXTERNAL CLOCK)
MAX11644 toc07
CONVERSION RATE (ksps)
AVERAGE I
DD
(μA)
0
EXTERNAL REFERENCE
INTERNAL REFERENCE ALWAYS ON
DIFFERENTIAL NONLINEARITY
vs. DIGITAL CODE
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
DNL (LSB)
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
-0.5
1000 1500500
0 4000
2000 2500
DIGITAL OUTPUT CODE
3000 3500
MAX11644 toc01
INL (LSB)
INTEGRAL NONLINEARITY
vs. DIGITAL CODE
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1.0
1000 1500500
0 4000
2000 2500
DIGITAL OUTPUT CODE
3000 3500
MAX11644 toc02
MAX11644/MAX11645
Low-Power, 1-/2-Channel, I2C, 12-Bit ADCs
in Ultra-Tiny 1.9mm x 2.2mm Package
_______________________________________________________________________________________
7
Typical Operating Characteristics (continued)
(VDD= 3.3V (MAX11645), VDD= 5V (MAX11644), f
SCL
= 1.7MHz, 50% duty cycle, f
SAMPLE
= 94.4ksps, single-ended, unipolar,
T
A
= +25°C, unless otherwise noted.)
INTERNAL REFERENCE VOLTAGE
1.0010
1.0008
1.0006
1.0004
1.0002
1.0000
NORMALIZED
0.9998
REF
V
0.9996
0.9994
0.9992
0.9990
-40 -10 5-25 20 35 50 65 80
vs. TEMPERATURE
NORMALIZED TO VALUE AT TA = +25°C
MAX11644
MAX11645
TEMPERATURE (°C)
MAX11644 toc09
1.00010
1.00008
1.00006
1.00004
1.00002
(V)
1.00000
REF
V
0.99998
0.99996
0.99994
0.99992
0.99990
NORMALIZED REFERENCE VOLTAGE
vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
MAX11644
NORMALIZED TO
REFERENCE VALUE AT
= 5V
V
DD
MAX11645
NORMALIZED TO
REFERENCE VALUE AT
= 3.3V
V
DD
2
.33.63.93.04.24.54.85.15.4
.73
VDD (V)
MAX11644 toc10
OFFSET ERROR vs. TEMPERATURE
0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
-0.5
-0.6
OFFSET ERROR (LSB)
-0.7
-0.8
-0.9
-1.0
-40
TEMPERATURE (°C)
GAIN ERROR vs. TEMPERATURE
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
GAIN ERROR (LSB)
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-40
TEMPERATURE (°C)
806535 50-10 5 20-25
806535 50-10 5 20-25
MAX11644 toc11
MAX11644 toc13
OFFSET ERROR vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
2.0
1.6
1.2
0.8
0.4
0
-0.4
OFFSET ERROR (LSB)
-0.8
-1.2
-1.6
-2.0
2.7
VDD (V)
GAIN ERROR vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE
2.0
1.6
1.2
0.8
0.4
0
-0.4
GAIN ERROR (LSB)
-0.8
-1.2
-1.6
-2.0
2.7
VDD (V)
MAX11644 toc12
5.25.54.74.23.73.2
MAX11644 toc14
5.25.54.74.23.73.2
MAX11644/MAX11645
Low-Power, 1-/2-Channel, I2C, 12-Bit ADCs
in Ultra-Tiny 1.9mm x 2.2mm Package
8 _______________________________________________________________________________________
Pin Description
µ
Pin Configuration
TOP VIEW (BUMPS ON BOTTOM)
1234
TOP VIEW
+
AIN0
N.C.
1
2
3
4
MAX11644
MAX11645
MAX
87V
6
5
DD
GNDAIN1
SDA
SCLREF
PIN
μMAX WLP
1,2 A1, A2 AIN0, AIN1 Analog Inputs
3 — N.C. No connection. Not internally connected.
4 A4 REF Reference Input/Output. Selected in the setup register (see Tables 1 and 6).
5 C4 SCL Clock Input
6 C3 SDA Data Input/Output
7
8 C1 VDD Positive Supply. Bypass to GND with a 0.1μF capacitor.
A3, B1–B4,
C2
NAME FUNCTION
GND Ground
MAX11645
A
AIN0
B
GND
V
C
DD
AIN1 GND REF
GND
GND SCL
SDA
WLP
GNDGND
MAX11644/MAX11645
Low-Power, 1-/2-Channel, I2C, 12-Bit ADCs
in Ultra-Tiny 1.9mm x 2.2mm Package
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 9
Figure 1. 2-Wire Serial-Interface Timing
A) F/S-MODE 2-WIRE SERIAL-INTERFACE TIMING
SDA
t
R
t
t
F
t
LOW
LOW
SU,DAT
t
HIGH
t
R
t
SU,DAT
t
HIGH
t
RCL
t
SCL
t
HD,STA
S
B) HS-MODE 2-WIRE SERIAL-INTERFACE TIMING
SDA
t
SCL
t
HD,STA
S Sr A
t
HD,DAT
t
F
t
HD,DAT
t
FCL
t
SU,STA
t
SU,STA
HS MODE F/S MODE
t
HD,STA
Sr
t
HD,STA
A
t
SU,STO
t
RDA
t
SU,STO
t
RCL1
t
BUF
PS
t
FDA
t
BUF
P
S
MAX11644/MAX11645
Low-Power, 1-/2-Channel, I2C, 12-Bit ADCs
in Ultra-Tiny 1.9mm x 2.2mm Package
10 ______________________________________________________________________________________
Detailed Description
The MAX11644/MAX11645 analog-to-digital converters
(ADCs) use successive-approximation conversion techniques and fully differential input track/hold (T/H) circuitry to capture and convert an analog signal to a
serial 12-bit digital output. The MAX11644/MAX11645
measure either two single-ended or one differential
input(s). These devices feature a high-speed, 2-wire
serial interface supporting data rates up to 1.7MHz.
Figure 2 shows the simplified internal structure for the
MAX11644/MAX11645.
Power Supply
The MAX11644/MAX11645 operate from a single supply and consume 670μA (typ) at sampling rates up to
94.4ksps. The MAX11645 feature a 2.048V internal reference and the MAX11644 feature a 4.096V internal reference. All devices can be configured for use with an
external reference from 1V to VDD.
Analog Input and Track/Hold
The MAX11644/MAX11645 analog-input architecture
contains an analog-input multiplexer (mux), a fully differential track-and-hold (T/H) capacitor, T/H switches, a
comparator, and a fully differential switched capacitive
digital-to-analog converter (DAC) (Figure 4).
In single-ended mode, the analog input multiplexer
connects C
T/H
between the analog input selected by
CS[0] (see the
Configuration/Setup Bytes (Write Cycle)
section) and GND (Table 3). In differential mode, the
analog-input multiplexer connects C
T/H
to the + and -
analog inputs selected by CS[0] (Table 4).
Figure 2. Simplified Functional Diagram
Figure 3. Load Circuit
SDA
SCL
V
GND
AIN0
AIN1
DD
INPUT SHIFT REGISTER
SETUP REGISTER
CONFIGURATION REGISTER
ANALOG
INPUT
MUX
REF
V
DD
I
OL
T/H
REF
4.096V (MAX11644)
2.048V (MAX11645)
12-BIT
ADC
REFERENCE
CONTROL
LOGIC
INTERNAL
OSCILLATOR
OUTPUT SHIFT
REGISTER
AND RAM
MAX11644
MAX11645
SDA
V
400pF
OUT
I
OH
MAX11644/MAX11645
Low-Power, 1-/2-Channel, I2C, 12-Bit ADCs
in Ultra-Tiny 1.9mm x 2.2mm Package
______________________________________________________________________________________ 11
During the acquisition interval, the T/H switches are in
the track position and C
T/H
charges to the analog input
signal. At the end of the acquisition interval, the T/H
switches move to the hold position retaining the charge
on C
T/H
as a stable sample of the input signal.
During the conversion interval, the switched capacitive
DAC adjusts to restore the comparator input voltage to
0V within the limits of a 12-bit resolution. This action
requires 12 conversion clock cycles and is equivalent
to transferring a charge of 11pF x (V
IN+
- V
IN-
) from
C
T/H
to the binary weighted capacitive DAC, forming a
digital representation of the analog input signal.
Sufficiently low source impedance is required to ensure
an accurate sample. A source impedance of up to 1.5kΩ
does not significantly degrade sampling accuracy. To
minimize sampling errors with higher source impedances, connect a 100pF capacitor from the analog input
to GND. This input capacitor forms an RC filter with the
source impedance limiting the analog-input bandwidth.
For larger source impedances, use a buffer amplifier to
maintain analog-input signal integrity and bandwidth.
When operating in internal clock mode, the T/H circuitry
enters its tracking mode on the eighth rising clock edge
of the address byte. See the
Slave Address
section.
The T/H circuitry enters hold mode on the falling clock
edge of the acknowledge bit of the address byte (the
ninth clock pulse). A conversion or a series of conversions is then internally clocked and the MAX11644/
MAX11645 hold SCL low. With external clock mode, the
T/H circuitry enters track mode after a valid address on
the rising edge of the clock during the read (R/W = 1)
bit. Hold mode is then entered on the rising edge of the
second clock pulse during the shifting out of the first
byte of the result. The conversion is performed during
the next 12 clock cycles.
The time required for the T/H circuitry to acquire an
input signal is a function of the input sample capacitance. If the analog-input source impedance is high,
the acquisition time constant lengthens and more time
must be allowed between conversions. The acquisition
time (t
ACQ
) is the minimum time needed for the signal
to be acquired. It is calculated by:
t
ACQ
≥ 95 (R
SOURCE
+ RIN) x C
IN
where R
SOURCE
is the analog-input source impedance,
RIN= 2.5kΩ, and CIN= 22pF. t
ACQ
is 1.5/f
SCL
for internal
clock mode and t
ACQ
= 2/f
SCL
for external clock mode.
Analog Input Bandwidth
The MAX11644/MAX11645 feature input-tracking circuitry with a 5MHz small-signal bandwidth. The 5MHz
input bandwidth makes it possible to digitize highspeed transient events and measure periodic signals
with bandwidths exceeding the ADC’s sampling rate by
using under sampling techniques. To avoid high-frequency signals being aliased into the frequency band
of interest, anti-alias filtering is recommended.
Figure 4. Equivalent Input Circuit
AIN0
AIN1
GND
ANALOG INPUT MUX
TRACK
TRACK
HOLD
TRACK
HOLD
C
HOLD
C
REF
T/H
HOLD
TRACK
VDD/2
HOLD
TRACK
T/H
REF
CAPACITIVE
DAC
CAPACITIVE
DAC
MAX11644
MAX11645
MAX11644/MAX11645
Low-Power, 1-/2-Channel, I2C, 12-Bit ADCs
in Ultra-Tiny 1.9mm x 2.2mm Package
12 ______________________________________________________________________________________
Analog Input Range and Protection
Internal protection diodes clamp the analog input to V
DD
and GND. These diodes allow the analog inputs to swing
from (GND - 0.3V) to (V
DD
+ 0.3V) without causing damage to the device. For accurate conversions, the inputs
must not go more than 50mV below GND or above V
DD
.
Single-Ended/Differential Input
The SGL/DIF of the configuration byte configures the
MAX11644/MAX11645 analog-input circuitry for singleended or differential inputs (Table 2). In single-ended
mode (SGL/DIF = 1), the digital conversion results are
the difference between the analog input selected by
CS[0] and GND (Table 3). In differential mode (SGL/
DIF = 0), the digital conversion results are the difference between the + and the - analog inputs selected
by CS[0] (Table 4).
Unipolar/Bipolar
When operating in differential mode, the BIP/UNI bit of
the set-up byte (Table 1) selects unipolar or bipolar
operation. Unipolar mode sets the differential input
range from 0 to V
REF
. A negative differential analog
input in unipolar mode causes the digital output code
to be zero. Selecting bipolar mode sets the differential
input range to ±V
REF
/2. The digital output code is binary in unipolar mode and two’s complement in bipolar
mode. See the
Transfer Functions
section.
In single-ended mode, the MAX11644/MAX11645
always operate in unipolar mode irrespective of
BIP/UNI. The analog inputs are internally referenced to
GND with a full-scale input range from 0 to V
REF
.
2-Wire Digital Interface
The MAX11644/MAX11645 feature a 2-wire interface
consisting of a serial-data line (SDA) and serial-clock
line (SCL). SDA and SCL facilitate bidirectional communication between the MAX11644/MAX11645 and the
master at rates up to 1.7MHz. The MAX11644/
MAX11645 are slaves that transfer and receive data.
The master (typically a microcontroller) initiates data
transfer on the bus and generates the SCL signal to
permit that transfer.
SDA and SCL must be pulled high. This is typically done
with pullup resistors (750Ω or greater) (see the
Typical
Operating Circuit
). Series resistors (RS) are optional. They
protect the input architecture of the MAX11644/
MAX11645 from high voltage spikes on the bus lines and
minimize crosstalk and undershoot of the bus signals.
Bit Transfer
One data bit is transferred during each SCL clock
cycle. A minimum of 18 clock cycles are required to
transfer the data in or out of the MAX11644/MAX11645.
The data on SDA must remain stable during the high
period of the SCL clock pulse. Changes in SDA while
SCL is stable are considered control signals (see the
START and STOP Conditions
section). Both SDA and
SCL remain high when the bus is not busy.
START and STOP Conditions
The master initiates a transmission with a START (S)
condition, a high-to-low transition on SDA while SCL is
high. The master terminates a transmission with a STOP
(P) condition, a low-to-high transition on SDA while SCL
is high (Figure 5). A repeated START (Sr) condition
can be used in place of a STOP condition to leave the
bus active and the interface mode unchanged (see the
HS Mode
section).
Acknowledge Bits
Data transfers are acknowledged with an acknowledge
bit (A) or a not-acknowledge bit (A). Both the master
and the MAX11644/MAX11645 (slave) generate
acknowledge bits. To generate an acknowledge, the
receiving device must pull SDA low before the rising
edge of the acknowledge-related clock pulse (ninth
pulse) and keep it low during the high period of the
clock pulse (Figure 6). To generate a not-acknowledge,
the receiver allows SDA to be pulled high before the
rising edge of the acknowledge-related clock pulse
and leaves SDA high during the high period of the
clock pulse. Monitoring the acknowledge bits allows for
detection of unsuccessful data transfers. An unsuccessful data transfer happens if a receiving device is
busy or if a system fault has occurred. In the event of
an unsuccessful data transfer, the bus master should
reattempt communication at a later time.
Figure 5. START and STOP Conditions
Figure 6. Acknowledge Bits
SP
SDA
SCL
S
SDA
SCL
12 89
Sr
NOT-ACKNOWLEDGE
ACKNOWLEDGE
MAX11644/MAX11645
Low-Power, 1-/2-Channel, I2C, 12-Bit ADCs
in Ultra-Tiny 1.9mm x 2.2mm Package
______________________________________________________________________________________ 13
Slave Address
A bus master initiates communication with a slave
device by issuing a START condition followed by a
slave address. When idle, the MAX11644/MAX11645
continuously wait for a START condition followed by
their slave address. When the MAX11644/MAX11645
recognize their slave address, they are ready to accept
or send data. The slave address is factory programmed
to 0110110. The least significant bit (LSB) of the
address byte (R/W) determines whether the master is
writing to or reading from the MAX11644/MAX11645
(R/W = 0 selects a write condition, R/W = 1 selects a
read condition). After receiving the address, the
MAX11644/MAX11645 (slave) issues an acknowledge
by pulling SDA low for one clock cycle.
Bus Timing
At power-up, the MAX11644/MAX11645 bus timing is
set for fast-mode (F/S mode), which allows conversion
rates up to 22.2ksps. The MAX11644/MAX11645 must
operate in high-speed mode (HS mode) to achieve conversion rates up to 94.4ksps. Figure 1 shows the bus
timing for the MAX11644/MAX11645’s 2-wire interface.
HS Mode
At power-up, the MAX11644/MAX11645 bus timing is
set for F/S mode. The bus master selects HS mode by
addressing all devices on the bus with the HS-mode
master code 0000 1XXX (X = don’t care). After successfully receiving the HS-mode master code, the
MAX11644/MAX11645 issue a not-acknowledge, allowing SDA to be pulled high for one clock cycle (Figure
8). After the not-acknowledge, the MAX11644/
MAX11645 are in HS mode. The bus master must then
send a repeated START followed by a slave address to
initiate HS mode communication. If the master generates a STOP condition, the MAX11644/MAX11645
return to F/S mode.
Figure 7. MAX11644/MAX11645 Slave Address Byte
Figure 8. F/S-Mode to HS-Mode Transfer
MAX11644/MAX11645
011 10 1 0 R/W A
S
SDA
SCL
SEE ORDERING INFORMATION FOR SLAVE ADDRESS OPTIONS AND DETAILS.
000 10XXXA
S Sr
SDA
SCL
123456789
HS-MODE MASTER CODE
SLAVE ADDRESS
F/S MODE HS MODE
MAX11644/MAX11645
Low-Power, 1-/2-Channel, I2C, 12-Bit ADCs
in Ultra-Tiny 1.9mm x 2.2mm Package
14 ______________________________________________________________________________________
Configuration/Setup Bytes (Write Cycle)
A write cycle begins with the bus master issuing a
START condition followed by seven address bits
(Figure 7) and a write bit (R/W = 0). If the address byte
is successfully received, the MAX11644/MAX11645
(slave) issues an acknowledge. The master then writes
to the slave. The slave recognizes the received byte as
the set-up byte (Table 1) if the most significant bit
(MSB) is 1. If the MSB is 0, the slave recognizes that
byte as the configuration byte (Table 2). The master
can write either one or two bytes to the slave in any
order (setup byte, then configuration byte; configuration byte, then setup byte; setup byte or configuration
byte only; Figure 9). If the slave receives a byte successfully, it issues an acknowledge. The master ends
the write cycle by issuing a STOP condition or a repeated START condition. When operating in HS mode, a
STOP condition returns the bus into F/S mode (see the
HS Mode
section).
B) TWO-BYTE WRITE CYCLE
SLAVE TO MASTER
MASTER TO SLAVE
S
1
SLAVE ADDRESS A
711
W
SETUP OR
CONFIGURATION BYTE
SETUP OR
CONFIGURATION BYTE
8
P OR Sr
1
A
1
MSB DETERMINES WHETHER
SETUP OR CONFIGURATION BYTE
S
1
SLAVE ADDRESS A
711
W
SETUP OR
CONFIGURATION BYTE
8
P OR Sr
1
A
1
MSB DETERMINES WHETHER
SETUP OR CONFIGURATION BYTE
A
1
8
A) ONE-BYTE WRITE CYCLE
NUMBER OF BITS
NUMBER OF BITS
Figure 9. Write Cycle
BIT 7
(MSB)
BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1
BIT 0
(LSB)
REG SEL2 SEL1 SEL0 CLK BIP/UNI RST X
BIT NAME DESCRIPTION
7 REG Register bit. 1 = setup byte, 0 = configuration byte (Table 2).
6 SEL2
5 SEL1
4 SEL0
Three bits select the reference voltage (Table 6).
Default to 000 at power-up.
3 CLK 1 = external clock, 0 = internal clock. Defaults to 0 at power-up.
2 BIP/UNI 1 = bipolar, 0 = unipolar. Defaults to 0 at power-up (see the Unipolar/Bipolar section).
1 RST 1 = no action, 0 = resets the configuration register to default. Setup register remains unchanged.
0 X Don’t-care bit. This bit can be set to 1 or 0.
Table 1. Setup Byte Format
MAX11644/MAX11645
Low-Power, 1-/2-Channel, I2C, 12-Bit ADCs
in Ultra-Tiny 1.9mm x 2.2mm Package
______________________________________________________________________________________ 15
Table 2. Configuration Byte Format
X = Don’t care.
Table 3. Channel Selection in Single-Ended Mode (SGL/DIF = 1)
Table 4. Channel Selection in Differential Mode (SGL/DIF = 0)
BIT 7
(MSB)
REG SCAN1 SCAN0 X X X CS0 SGL/DIF
BIT NAME DESCRIPTION
7 REG Register bit. 1 = setup byte (see Table 1), 0 = configuration byte.
6 SCAN1
5 SCAN0
4X
3X
2X
1 CS0
0 SGL/DIF
CS0 AIN0 AIN1 GND
BIT 6 BIT 5 BIT 4 BIT 3 BIT 2 BIT 1
Scan select bits. Two bits select the scanning configuration (Table 5). Default to 00 at power-up.
Channel select bit. CS0 selects which analog input channels are to be used for conversion
(Tables 3 and 4). Default to 0000 at power-up.
1 = single-ended, 0 = differential (Tables 3 and 4). Defaults to 1 at power-up. See the Single-
Ended/Differential Input section.
0+ -
1+-
BIT 0
(LSB)
CS0 AIN0 AIN1
0+ -
1-+
MAX11644/MAX11645
Low-Power, 1-/2-Channel, I2C, 12-Bit ADCs
in Ultra-Tiny 1.9mm x 2.2mm Package
16 ______________________________________________________________________________________
Data Byte (Read Cycle)
A read cycle must be initiated to obtain conversion
results. Read cycles begin with the bus master issuing a
START condition followed by seven address bits and a
read bit (R/W = 1). If the address byte is successfully
received, the MAX11644/MAX11645 (slave) issues an
acknowledge. The master then reads from the slave.
The result is transmitted in 2 bytes; first 4 bits of the first
byte are high, then MSB through LSB are consecutively
clocked out. After the master has received the byte(s), it
can issue an acknowledge if it wants to continue reading or a not-acknowledge if it no longer wishes to read.
If the MAX11644/MAX11645 receive a not-acknowledge, they release SDA, allowing the master to generate
a STOP or a repeated START condition. See the
Clock
Modes
and
Scan Mode
sections for detailed information
on how data is obtained and converted.
Clock Modes
The clock mode determines the conversion clock and
the data acquisition and conversion time. The clock
mode also affects the scan mode. The state of the setup byte’s CLK bit determines the clock mode (Table 1).
At power-up, the MAX11644/MAX11645 are defaulted
to internal clock mode (CLK = 0).
Internal Clock
When configured for internal clock mode (CLK = 0), the
MAX11644/MAX11645 use their internal oscillator as
the conversion clock. In internal clock mode, the
MAX11644/MAX11645 begin tracking the analog input
after a valid address on the eighth rising edge of the
clock. On the falling edge of the ninth clock, the analog
signal is acquired and the conversion begins. While
converting the analog input signal, the MAX11644/
MAX11645 hold SCL low (clock stretching). After the
conversion completes, the results are stored in internal
memory. If the scan mode is set for multiple conversions, they all happen in succession with each additional result stored in memory. The MAX11644/
MAX11645 contain two 12-bit blocks of memory. Once
all conversions are complete, the MAX11644/
MAX11645 release SCL, allowing it to be pulled high.
The master can now clock the results out of the memory in the same order the scan conversion has been
done at a clock rate of up to 1.7MHz. SCL is stretched
for a maximum of 8.3μs per channel (see Figure 10).
The device memory contains all of the conversion
results when the MAX11644/MAX11645 release SCL.
The converted results are read back in a first-in-first-out
(FIFO) sequence. The memory contents can be read
continuously. If reading continues past the result stored
in memory, the pointer wraps around and points to the
first result. Note that only the current conversion results
are read from memory. The device must be addressed
with a read command to obtain new conversion results.
The internal clock mode’s clock stretching quiets the
SCL bus signal, reducing the system noise during conversion. Using the internal clock also frees the bus
master (typically a microcontroller) from the burden of
running the conversion clock, allowing it to perform
other tasks that do not need to use the bus.
CLOCK STRETCH
B) SCAN MODE CONVERSIONS WITH INTERNAL CLOCK
S
1
SLAVE ADDRESS A
A
711
R
CLOCK STRETCH
NUMBER OF BITS
P OR Sr
1
8
RESULT 8 LSBs
8
RESULT 4 MSBs A
A
1
A) SINGLE CONVERSION WITH INTERNAL CLOCK
S
1
SLAVE ADDRESS
711
R
NUMBER OF BITS
P OR Sr
18
RESULT 1 ( 4MSBs) A
1
A8RESULT 1 (8 LSBs) A
8
RESULT N (8LSBs)A
18
RESULT N (4MSBs)
SLAVE TO MASTER
MASTER TO SLAVE
CLOCK STRETCH
t
ACQ1
t
CONV2
t
ACQ2
t
CONVN
t
ACQN
t
CONV
t
ACQ
11
t
CONV1
Figure 10. Internal Clock Mode Read Cycles
MAX11644/MAX11645
Low-Power, 1-/2-Channel, I2C, 12-Bit ADCs
in Ultra-Tiny 1.9mm x 2.2mm Package
______________________________________________________________________________________ 17
External Clock
When configured for external clock mode (CLK = 1),
the MAX11644/MAX11645 use the SCL as the conversion clock. In external clock mode, the MAX11644/
MAX11645 begin tracking the analog input on the ninth
rising clock edge of a valid slave address byte. Two
SCL clock cycles later, the analog signal is acquired
and the conversion begins. Unlike the internal clock
mode, converted data is available immediately after the
first four empty high bits. The device continuously converts input channels dictated by the scan mode until
given a not-acknowledge. There is no need to readdress the device with a read command to obtain new
conversion results (see Figure 11).
The conversion must complete in 1ms, or droop on the
track-and-hold capacitor degrades conversion results.
Use internal clock mode if the SCL clock period
exceeds 60μs.
The MAX11644/MAX11645 must operate in external
clock mode for conversion rates from 40ksps to
94.4ksps. Below 40ksps, internal clock mode is recommended due to much smaller power consumption.
Scan Mode
SCAN0 and SCAN1 of the configuration byte set the
scan mode configuration. Table 5 shows the scanning
configurations. The scanned results are written to memory in the same order as the conversion. Read the results
from memory in the order they were converted. Each
result needs a 2-byte transmission; the first byte begins
with 4 empty bits, during which SDA is left high. Each
byte has to be acknowledged by the master or the memory transmission is terminated. It is not possible to read
the memory independently of conversion.
SLAVE ADDRESS
t
CONV1
t
ACQ1
t
ACQ2
t
CONVN
t
ACQN
t
CONV
t
ACQ
NUMBER OF BITS
NUMBER OF BITS
18
A
1
S
1
A
711
R
S
1
711
R
P OR Sr
1
8
A
1
A
8
A
8
B) SCAN MODE CONVERSIONS WITH EXTERNAL CLOCK
11
SLAVE ADDRESS P OR SrRESULT (8 LSBs)
8
A
1
RESULT (4 MSBs)
A) SINGLE CONVERSION WITH EXTERNAL CLOCK
SLAVE TO MASTER
MASTER TO SLAVE
RESULT 1 (4 MSBs) RESULT 2 (8 LSBs) RESULT N (8 LSBs)
A
1
8
RESULT N (4 MSBs)
A
Figure 11. External Clock Mode Read Cycle
*
When operating in external clock mode, there is no difference between SCAN[1:0] = 01 and SCAN[1:0] = 11, and converting occurs
perpetually until not-acknowledge occurs.
Table 5. Scanning Configuration
SCAN1 SCAN0 SCANNING CONFIGURATION
0 0 Scans up from AIN0 to the input selected by CS0.
0 1 Converts the input selected by CS0 eight times (see Tables 3 and 4).*
1 0 Reserved. Do not use.
1 1 Converts the input selected by CS0.*
MAX11644/MAX11645
Low-Power, 1-/2-Channel, I2C, 12-Bit ADCs
in Ultra-Tiny 1.9mm x 2.2mm Package
18 ______________________________________________________________________________________
Applications Information
Power-On Reset
The configuration and setup registers (Tables 1 and 2)
default to a single-ended, unipolar, single-channel conversion on AIN0 using the internal clock with VDDas the
reference. The memory contents are unknown after
power-up.
Automatic Shutdown
Automatic shutdown occurs between conversions when
the MAX11644/MAX11645 are idle. All analog circuits
participate in automatic shutdown except the internal
reference due to its prohibitively long wake-up time.
When operating in external clock mode, a STOP, notacknowledge, or repeated START condition must be
issued to place the devices in idle mode and benefit
from automatic shutdown. A STOP condition is not necessary in internal clock mode to benefit from automatic
shutdown because power-down occurs once all conversion results are written to memory (Figure 10). When
using an external reference or VDDas a reference, all
analog circuitry is inactive in shutdown and supply current is less than 0.5μA. The digital conversion results
obtained in internal clock mode are maintained in memory during shutdown and are available for access
through the serial interface at any time prior to a STOP
or a repeated START condition.
When idle, the MAX11644/MAX11645 continuously wait
for a START condition followed by their slave address
(see the
Slave Address
section). Upon reading a valid
address byte, the MAX11644/MAX11645 power up. The
internal reference requires 10ms to wake up, so when
using the internal reference it should be powered up
10ms prior to conversion or powered continuously.
Wake-up is invisible when using an external reference
or VDDas the reference.
Automatic shutdown results in dramatic power savings,
particularly at slow conversion rates and with internal
clock. For example, at a conversion rate of 10ksps, the
average supply current for the MAX11645 is 60μA (typ)
and drops to 6μA (typ) at 1ksps. At 0.1ksps the average supply current is just 1μA, or a minuscule 3μW of
power consumption. See Average Supply Current vs.
Conversion Rate (External Clock) in the
Typical
Operating Characteristics
section).
Reference Voltage
SEL[2:0] of the setup byte (Table 1) control the reference configuration (Table 6).
Internal Reference
The internal reference is 4.096V for the MAX11644 and
2.048V for the MAX11645. When REF is configured to
be an internal reference output (SEL[2:1] = 11), decouple REF to GND with a 0.1μF capacitor and a 2kΩ
series resistor (see the
Typical Operating Circuit
). Once
powered up, the reference always remains on until
reconfigured. The internal reference requires 10ms to
wake up and is accessed using SEL0 (Table 6). When
in shutdown, the internal reference output is in a highimpedance state. The reference should not be used to
supply current for external circuitry. The internal reference does not require an external bypass capacitor
and works best when left unconnected (SEL1 = 0).
External Reference
The external reference can range from 1V to VDD. For
maximum conversion accuracy, the reference must be
able to deliver up to 40μA and have an output impedance of 500kΩ or less. If the reference has a higher
output impedance or is noisy, bypass it to GND as
close as possible to REF with a 0.1μF capacitor.
Table 6. Reference Voltage and REF Format
X = Don’t care.
*Preferred configuration for internal reference.
SEL2 SEL1 SEL0
00X V
0 1 X External reference Reference input Always off
1 0 0 Internal reference Not connected* Always off
1 0 1 Internal reference Not connected* Always on
1 1 0 Internal reference Reference output Always off
1 1 1 Internal reference Reference output Always on
REFERENCE
VOLTAGE
DD
REF
Not connected Always off
INTERNAL REFERENCE
STATE
MAX11644/MAX11645
Low-Power, 1-/2-Channel, I2C, 12-Bit ADCs
in Ultra-Tiny 1.9mm x 2.2mm Package
______________________________________________________________________________________ 19
Transfer Functions
Output data coding for the MAX11644/MAX11645 is
binary in unipolar mode and two’s complement in bipolar mode with 1 LSB = (V
REF
/2N) where N is the number
of bits (12). Code transitions occur halfway between
successive-integer LSB values. Figures 12 and 13
show the input/output (I/O) transfer functions for unipolar and bipolar operations, respectively.
Layout, Grounding, and Bypassing
Only use PCBs. Wire-wrap configurations are not recommended since the layout should ensure proper separation of analog and digital traces. Do not run analog
and digital lines parallel to each other, and do not layout digital signal paths underneath the ADC package.
Use separate analog and digital PCB ground sections
with only one star point (Figure 14) connecting the two
ground systems (analog and digital). For lowest noise
operation, ensure the ground return to the star ground’s
power supply is low impedance and as short as possible. Route digital signals far away from sensitive analog
and reference inputs.
High-frequency noise in the power supply (VDD) could
influence the proper operation of the ADC’s fast comparator. Bypass VDDto the star ground with a network of two
parallel capacitors, 0.1μF and 4.7μF, located as close as
possible to the MAX11644/MAX11645 power-supply pin.
Minimize capacitor lead length for best supply noise
rejection, and add an attenuation resistor (5Ω) in series
with the power supply if it is extremely noisy.
Definitions
Integral Nonlinearity
Integral nonlinearity (INL) is the deviation of the values
on an actual transfer function from a straight line. This
straight line can be either a best straight-line fit or a line
drawn between the endpoints of the transfer function,
once offset and gain errors have been nullified. The
MAX11644/MAX11645’s INL is measured using the
endpoint.
Differential Nonlinearity
Differential nonlinearity (DNL) is the difference between
an actual step width and the ideal value of 1 LSB. A
DNL error specification of less than 1 LSB guarantees
no missing codes and a monotonic transfer function.
Aperture Jitter
Aperture jitter (tAJ) is the sample-to-sample variation in
the time between the samples.
Aperture Delay
Aperture delay (tAD) is the time between the falling
edge of the sampling clock and the instant when an
actual sample is taken.
Figure 12. Unipolar Transfer Function
Figure 13. Bipolar Transfer Function
OUTPUT CODE
FULL-SCALE
11 . . . 111
11 . . . 110
11 . . . 101
00 . . . 011
00 . . . 010
00 . . . 001
00 . . . 000
0
123
INPUT VOLTAGE (LSB)
TRANSITION
MAX11644
MAX11645
FS = V
ZS = GND
1 LSB =
FS - 3/2 LSB
OUTPUT CODE
V
REF
FS
=
011 . . . 111
011 . . . 110
000 . . . 010
000 . . . 001
REF
V
REF
4096
FS
000 . . . 000
111 . . . 111
111 . . . 110
111 . . . 101
100 . . . 001
100 . . . 000
ZS = 0
-FS =
1 LSB =
- FS
2
-V
REF
2
V
REF
4096
0
INPUT VOLTAGE (LSB)
MAX11644
MAX11645
+FS - 1 LSB
MAX11644/MAX11645
20 ______________________________________________________________________________________
Signal-to-Noise Ratio
For a waveform perfectly reconstructed from digital
samples, the theoretical maximum SNR is the ratio of
the full-scale analog input (RMS value) to the RMS
quantization error (residual error). The ideal, theoretical
minimum analog-to-digital noise is caused by quantization error only and results directly from the ADC’s resolution (N bits):
SNR
MAX[dB]
= 6.02dB x N + 1.76dB
In reality, there are other noise sources besides quantization noise: thermal noise, reference noise, clock jitter,
etc. SNR is computed by taking the ratio of the RMS
signal to the RMS noise, which includes all spectral
components minus the fundamental, the first five harmonics, and the DC offset.
Signal-to-Noise Plus Distortion
Signal-to-noise plus distortion (SINAD) is the ratio of the
fundamental input frequency’s RMS amplitude to the
RMS equivalent of all other ADC output signals.
Effective Number of Bits
Effective number of bits (ENOB) indicates the global
accuracy of an ADC at a specific input frequency and
sampling rate. An ideal ADC’s error consists of quantization noise only. With an input range equal to the
ADC’s full-scale range, calculate the ENOB as follows:
ENOB = (SINAD - 1.76)/6.02
Total Harmonic Distortion
Total harmonic distortion (THD) is the ratio of the RMS
sum of the input signal’s first five harmonics to the fundamental itself. This is expressed as:
where V1is the fundamental amplitude, and V2through
V5are the amplitudes of the 2nd- through 5th-order
harmonics.
Spurious-Free Dynamic Range
Spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) is the ratio of the
RMS amplitude of the fundamental (maximum signal
component) to the RMS value of the next largest distortion component.
Figure 14. Power-Supply Grounding Connection
Low-Power, 1-/2-Channel, I2C, 12-Bit ADCs
in Ultra-Tiny 1.9mm x 2.2mm Package
SUPPLIES
V
LOGIC
= 3V/5V3V OR 5V
GND
⎡
SINAD dB
() log=×
20
Signal
⎢
Noise THD
⎣
+
RMS RMS
RMS
⎤⎤
⎥
⎦
R* = 5Ω
V
DD
*OPTIONAL
4.7μF
0.1μF
MAX11644
MAX11645
DGND3V/5VGND
DIGITAL
CIRCUITRY
THD
20
log=×
⎛⎛
⎛
VVVV
⎜
⎜
⎜
⎝
⎝
2
+++
223
4
V
1
2
⎞
2
⎞
5
⎟
⎟
⎟
⎠
⎠
MAX11644/MAX11645
Low-Power, 1-/2-Channel, I2C, 12-Bit ADCs
in Ultra-Tiny 1.9mm x 2.2mm Package
______________________________________________________________________________________ 21
ANALOG
Typical Operating Circuit
Chip Information
PROCESS: BiCMOS
Selector Guide
Package Information
For the latest package outline information and land patterns,
go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages
. Note that a “+”, “#”, or
“-” in the package code indicates RoHS status only. Package
drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing
pertains to the package regardless of RoHS status.
PACKAGE
TYPE
PACKAGE
CODE
OUTLINE
NO.
LAND
PATTERN NO.
8 μMAX U8CN+1
21-0036 90-0092
12 WLP W121C2+1
21-0009
Refer to
Application
Note 1891
INPUTS
RC NETWORK*
C
REF
0.1μF
*OPTIONAL
3.3V or 5V
0.1μF
AIN0
AIN1
2kΩ
REF
V
DD
MAX11644
MAX11645
GND
5V
μC
5V
SDA
SCL
SDA
SCL
R
*
S
R
*
S
R
P
R
P
PART
MAX11644
MAX11645
INPUT
CHANNELS
2 singleended/1
differential
2 singleended/1
differential
INTERNAL
REFERENCE
(V)
4.096 4.5 to 5.5 ±1
2.048 2.7 to 3.6 ±1
SUPPLY
VOLTAGE
(V)
(LSB)
INL
MAX11644/MAX11645
Low-Power, 1-/2-Channel, I2C, 12-Bit ADCs
in Ultra-Tiny 1.9mm x 2.2mm Package
Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are
implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time.
22
____________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600
© 2010 Maxim Integrated Products Maxim is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
Revision History
REVISION
NUMBER
0 4/10 Init ial release —
1 9/10
REVISION
DATE
DESCRIPTION
Added the WLP package to the Ordering Information, Absolute Maximum
Ratings, Pin Configuration, Pin Description, and Package Information sections
PAGES
CHANGED
1, 2, 8, 20
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