Rainbow Electronics LM35 User Manual
LM35
Precision Centigrade Temperature Sensors
LM35 Precision Centigrade Temperature Sensors
November 2000
General Description
The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature
sensors, whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the
Celsius (Centigrade) temperature. The LM35 thus has an
advantage over linear temperature sensors calibrated in
˚ Kelvin, as the user is not required to subtract a large
constant voltage from its output to obtain convenient Centigrade scaling. The LM35 does not require any external
calibration or trimming to provide typical accuracies of
at room temperature and
temperature range. Low cost is assured by trimming and
calibration at the wafer level. The LM35’s low output impedance, linear output, and precise inherent calibration make
interfacing to readout or control circuitry especially easy. It
can be used with single power supplies, or with plus and
minus supplies. As it draws only 60 µA from its supply, it has
very low self-heating, less than 0.1˚C in still air. The LM35 is
rated to operate over a −55˚ to +150˚C temperature range,
while the LM35C is rated for a −40˚ to +110˚C range (−10˚
with improved accuracy). The LM35 series isavailable pack-
3
±
⁄4˚C over a full −55 to +150˚C
1
±
⁄4˚C
Typical Applications
aged in hermetic TO-46 transistor packages, while the
LM35C, LM35CA, and LM35D are also available in the
plastic TO-92 transistor package. The LM35D is also available in an 8-lead surface mount small outline package anda
plastic TO-220 package.
Features
n Calibrated directly in ˚ Celsius (Centigrade)
n Linear + 10.0 mV/˚C scale factor
n 0.5˚C accuracy guaranteeable (at +25˚C)
n Rated for full −55˚ to +150˚C range
n Suitable for remote applications
n Low cost due to wafer-level trimming
n Operates from 4 to 30 volts
n Less than 60 µA current drain
n Low self-heating, 0.08˚C in still air
n Nonlinearity only
n Low impedance output, 0.1 Ω for 1 mA load
1
±
⁄4˚C typical
DS005516-4
DS005516-3
FIGURE 1. Basic Centigrade Temperature Sensor
(+2˚C to +150˚C)
FIGURE 2. Full-Range Centigrade Temperature Sensor
© 2000 National Semiconductor Corporation DS005516 www.national.com
Choose R1=−VS/50 µA
=+1,500 mV at +150˚C
V
OUT
= +250 mV at +25˚C
= −550 mV at −55˚C
Connection Diagrams
LM35
TO-46
Metal Can Package*
DS005516-1
*Case is connected to negative pin (GND)
Order Number LM35H, LM35AH, LM35CH, LM35CAH or
LM35DH
See NS Package Number H03H
TO-92
Plastic Package
DS005516-2
Order Number LM35CZ,
LM35CAZ or LM35DZ
See NS Package Number Z03A
SO-8
Small Outline Molded Package
DS005516-21
N.C. = No Connection
Top View
Order Number LM35DM
See NS Package Number M08A
TO-220
Plastic Package*
DS005516-24
*Tab is connected to the negative pin (GND).
Note: The LM35DT pinout is different than the discontinued LM35DP.
Order Number LM35DT
See NS Package Number TA03F
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LM35
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 10)
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/
Distributors for availability and specifications.
Supply Voltage +35V to −0.2V
Output Voltage +6V to −1.0V
Output Current 10 mA
Storage Temp.;
TO-46 Package, −60˚C to +180˚C
TO-92 Package, −60˚C to +150˚C
TO-92 and TO-220 Package,
(Soldering, 10 seconds) 260˚C
SO Package (Note 12)
Vapor Phase (60 seconds) 215˚C
Infrared (15 seconds) 220˚C
ESD Susceptibility (Note 11) 2500V
Specified Operating Temperature Range: T
(Note 2)
MIN
to T
MAX
LM35, LM35A −55˚C to +150˚C
LM35C, LM35CA −40˚C to +110˚C
LM35D 0˚C to +100˚C
SO-8 Package, −65˚C to +150˚C
TO-220 Package, −65˚C to +150˚C
Lead Temp.:
TO-46 Package,
(Soldering, 10 seconds) 300˚C
Electrical Characteristics
(Notes 1, 6)
LM35A LM35CA
Parameter Conditions Tested Design Tested Design Units
Typical Limit Limit Typical Limit Limit (Max.)
(Note 4) (Note 5) (Note 4) (Note 5)
Accuracy T
(Note 7) T
Nonlinearity T
=+25˚C
A
=−10˚C
A
T
A=TMAX
T
A=TMIN
MIN≤TA≤TMAX
±
±
±
±
±
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.18
(Note 8)
Sensor Gain T
MIN≤TA≤TMAX
+10.0 +9.9, +10.0 +9.9, mV/˚C
(Average Slope) +10.1 +10.1
Load Regulation T
(Note 3) 0≤I
≤1mA T
L
Line Regulation T
=+25˚C
A
MIN≤TA≤TMAX
=+25˚C
A
(Note 3) 4V≤V
Quiescent Current V
(Note 9) V
S
=+5V 105 131 91 114 µA
S
V
S
V
=+30V 105.5 133 91.5 116 µA
S
Change of 4V≤V
Quiescent Current 4V≤V
≤30V
S
=+5V, +25˚C 56 67 56 67 µA
=+30V, +25˚C 56.2 68 56.2 68 µA
≤30V, +25˚C 0.2 1.0 0.2 1.0 µA
S
≤30V 0.5 2.0 0.5 2.0 µA
S
±
±
±
±
0.4
0.5
0.01
0.02
(Note 3)
Temperature +0.39 +0.5 +0.39 +0.5 µA/˚C
Coefficient of
Quiescent Current
Minimum Temperature In circuit of +1.5 +2.0 +1.5 +2.0 ˚C
for Rated Accuracy
Long Term Stability T
Figure 1
J=TMAX
,IL=0
, for
±
0.08
1000 hours
±
±
±
±
±
0.05
0.5
1.0
1.0
1.0
±
±
±
0.35
3.0
0.1
±
0.2
±
0.3
±
0.4
±
0.4
±
0.15
±
0.4
±
0.5
±
0.01
±
0.02
±
0.08 ˚C
±
0.5 ˚C
±
1.0 ˚C
±
1.0 ˚C
±
1.5 ˚C
±
0.3 ˚C
±
1.0 mV/mA
±
3.0 mV/mA
±
0.05 mV/V
±
0.1 mV/V
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Electrical Characteristics
LM35
(Notes 1, 6)
LM35 LM35C, LM35D
Parameter Conditions Tested Design Tested Design Units
Typical Limit Limit Typical Limit Limit (Max.)
(Note 4) (Note 5) (Note 4) (Note 5)
Accuracy, T
LM35, LM35C T
(Note 7) T
Accuracy, LM35D
(Note 7)
Nonlinearity T
=+25˚C
A
=−10˚C
A
A=TMAX
T
A=TMIN
T
=+25˚C
A
T
A=TMAX
T
A=TMIN
MIN≤TA≤TMAX
±
0.4
±
0.5
±
0.8
±
0.8
±
0.3
±
1.0
±
1.5
±
1.5
±
0.5
±
0.4
±
0.5
±
0.8
±
0.8
±
0.6
±
0.9
±
0.9
±
0.2
±
1.0 ˚C
±
1.5 ˚C
±
1.5 ˚C
±
2.0 ˚C
±
1.5 ˚C
±
2.0 ˚C
±
2.0 ˚C
±
0.5 ˚C
(Note 8)
Sensor Gain T
MIN≤TA≤TMAX
+10.0 +9.8, +10.0 +9.8, mV/˚C
(Average Slope) +10.2 +10.2
Load Regulation T
(Note 3) 0≤I
≤1mA T
L
Line Regulation T
=+25˚C
A
MIN≤TA≤TMAX
=+25˚C
A
(Note 3) 4V≤V
Quiescent Current V
(Note 9) V
S
=+5V 105 158 91 138 µA
S
V
S
V
=+30V 105.5 161 91.5 141 µA
S
Change of 4V≤V
Quiescent Current 4V≤V
±
0.4
±
0.5
±
0.01
≤30V
S
±
0.02
=+5V, +25˚C 56 80 56 80 µA
=+30V, +25˚C 56.2 82 56.2 82 µA
≤30V, +25˚C 0.2 2.0 0.2 2.0 µA
S
≤30V 0.5 3.0 0.5 3.0 µA
S
±
2.0
±
5.0
±
0.1
±
0.2
±
±
±
±
0.4
0.5
0.01
0.02
±
2.0 mV/mA
±
5.0 mV/mA
±
0.1 mV/V
±
0.2 mV/V
(Note 3)
Temperature +0.39 +0.7 +0.39 +0.7 µA/˚C
Coefficient of
Quiescent Current
Minimum Temperature In circuit of +1.5 +2.0 +1.5 +2.0 ˚C
for Rated Accuracy
Long Term Stability T
Figure 1
J=TMAX
,IL=0
, for
±
0.08
±
0.08 ˚C
1000 hours
Note 1: Unless otherwise noted, these specifications apply: −55˚C≤TJ≤+150˚C for the LM35 and LM35A; −40˚≤TJ≤+110˚C for the LM35C and LM35CA; and
≤+100˚C for the LM35D. VS=+5Vdc and I
0˚≤T
J
Specifications in boldface apply over the full rated temperature range.
Note 2: Thermal resistance of the TO-46 package is 400˚C/W, junction to ambient, and 24˚C/W junction to case. Thermal resistance of the TO-92 package is
180˚C/W junction to ambient. Thermal resistance of the small outline molded package is 220˚C/W junction to ambient. Thermal resistance of the TO-220 package
is 90˚C/W junction to ambient. For additional thermal resistance information see table in theApplications section.
Note 3: Regulation is measured at constant junction temperature, using pulse testing with a low duty cycle. Changes in output due to heating effects can be
computed by multiplying the internal dissipation by the thermal resistance.
Note 4: Tested Limits are guaranteed and 100% tested in production.
Note 5: Design Limits are guaranteed (but not 100% production tested) over the indicated temperature and supply voltage ranges. These limits are not used to
calculate outgoing quality levels.
Note 6: Specifications in boldface apply over the full rated temperature range.
Note 7: Accuracy is defined as the error between the output voltage and 10mv/˚C times the device’s case temperature, at specified conditions of voltage, current,
and temperature (expressed in ˚C).
Note 8: Nonlinearity is defined as the deviation of the output-voltage-versus-temperature curve from the best-fit straight line, over the device’s rated temperature
range.
Note 9: Quiescent current is defined in the circuit of
Note 10: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. DC and AC electrical specifications do not apply when operating
the device beyond its rated operating conditions. See Note 1.
Note 11: Human body model, 100 pF discharged through a 1.5 kΩ resistor.
Note 12: See AN-450 “Surface Mounting Methods and Their Effect on Product Reliability” or the section titled “Surface Mount” found in a current National
Semiconductor Linear Data Book for other methods of soldering surface mount devices.
=50 µA, in the circuit of
LOAD
Figure 1
.
Figure 2
. These specifications also apply from +2˚C to T
in the circuit of
MAX
Figure 1
.
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