Rainbow Electronics LM32 User Manual

LM32 Dual Thermal Diode Temperature Sensor with
LM32 Dual Thermal Diode Temperature Sensor with SensorPath
May 2004
SensorPath
Bus

General Description

The LM32 is a digital temperature sensor that measures 3 temperature zones and has a single-wire interface compat­ible with National Semiconductor’s SensorPath bus. Sensor­Path data is pulse width encoded, thereby allowing the LM32 to be easily connected to many general purpose micro­controllers. Several National Semiconductor Super I/O prod­ucts include a fully integrated SensorPath master, that when connected to an LM32 can realize a hardware monitor func­tion that includes limit checking for measured values, au­tonomous fan speed control and many other functions.
The LM32 measures the temperature of its own die as well as two external devices such as a processor thermal diode or a diode connected transistor. The LM32 can resolve tem­peratures up to 255˚C and down to -256˚C. The operating temperature range of the LM32 is 0˚C to +125˚C. The ad­dress programming pin allows two LM32s to be placed on one SensorPath bus.

Features

n SensorPath Interface
— 2 hardware programmable addresses

Typical Application

n 2 remote diode temperature sensor zones n Internal local temperature zone n 0.5 ˚C resolution n Measures temperatures up to 140 ˚C n 14-lead TSSOP package

Key Specifications

n Temperature Sensor Accuracy n Temperature Range:
— LM32 junction 0 ˚C to +85 ˚C — Remote Temp Accuracy 0 ˚C to +100 ˚C
n Power Supply Voltage +3.0 V to +3.6 V n Average Power Supply Current 0.5 mA (typ) n Conversion Time (all Channels) 22.5ms to 1456ms
±
3 ˚C (max)

Applications

n Microprocessor based equipment
(Motherboards, Video Cards, Base-stations, Routers,
ATMs, Point of Sale, …)
n Power Supplies
20071101
SensorPath™is a trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation
© 2004 National Semiconductor Corporation DS200711 www.national.com
Bus

Connection Diagram

LM32
TSSOP-14
Order Number
LM32CIMT LM32
LM32CIMTX LM32
Package
Marking
CIMT
CIMT
NS
Package
Number
MTC14C 94 units per
MTC14C 2500 units in
Transport Media
rail
tape and reel
Top View
National Package Number MTC14C
20071102

Pin Description

Pin Number Pin Name Description Typical Connection
1, 6, 7,12, 13,
14
2 GND Ground System ground
3 V+/+3.3V_SBY Positive power supply pin Connected system 3.3 V standby power and
4 SWD SensorPath Bus line; Open-drain
5 ADD Digital input - device number select
8, 10 D1-, D2- Thermal diode analog voltage
9, 11 D1+, D2+ Thermal diode analog current
NC No Connect May be tied to V+, GND or left floating
to a 0.1 µF bypass capacitor in parallel with 100 pF. A bulk capacitance of approximately 10 µF needs to be in the near vicinity of the LM32.
Super I/O, Pull-up resistor, 1.6k
output
Pull-up to 3.3 V or pull-down to GND resistor, input for the serial bus device number
output and negative monitoring input
output and positive monitoring input
10k; must never be left floating
Remote Thermal Diode cathode
(THERM_DC) - Diode 1 should always be
connected to the processor thermal diode.
Diode 2 may be connected to an MMBT3904
or GPU thermal diode. A 100 pF capacitor
should be connected between respective D-
and D+ for noise filtering.
Remote Thermal Diode anode (THERM_DA) -
Diode 1 should always be connected to the
processor thermal diode. Diode 2 may be
connected to an MMBT3904 or GPU thermal
diode. A 100 pF capacitor should be
connected between respective D- and D+ for
noise filtering.
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Block Diagram

LM32
20071103
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Absolute Maximum Ratings

LM32
(Notes 2, 1)
Supply Voltage (V
+
) −0.5 V to 6.0 V
Storage Temperature −65˚C to +150˚C
Soldering process must comply with National’s reflow temperature profile specifications. Refer to www.national.com/packaging/. (Note 6)
Voltage at Any Digital Input or Output Pin −0.5 V to 6.0 V
Voltage on D1+ and D2+ −0.5 V to (V+ + 0.05 V)
Current on D1- and D2-
Input Current per Pin(Note 3)
Package Input Current (Note 3)
±
1mA
±
5mA
±
30 mA
Package Power Dissipation (Note 4)
Output Sink Current 10 mA
ESD Susceptibility (Note 5)
Human Body Model 2500 V
Operating Ratings
(Notes 1, 2)
Temperature Range for Electrical Characteristics
LM32CIMT (T
MIN≤TA≤TMAX
Operating Temperature Range 0˚C T
Remote Diode Temperature (T Range -5˚C T
Supply Voltage Range (V+) +3.0 V to +3.6 V
) 0˚C TA≤ +85˚C
)
D
Machine Model 250 V

DC Electrical Characteristics

The following specifications apply for V+ = +3.0 VDCto +3.6 VDC, and all analog source impedance RS=50Ω unless other- wise specified in the conditions. Boldface limits apply for LM32CIMT T
= +25˚C. TAis the ambient temperature of the LM32; TJis the junction temperature of the LM32; TDis the junction tem-
T
A
A=TJ=TMIN
=0˚C to T
perature of the remote thermal diode.
POWER SUPPLY CHARACTERISTICS
Symbol Parameter Conditions
Typical
(Note 7)
V+ Power Supply Voltage 3.3
I+
Shutdown
Shutdown Power Supply Current
SensorPath Bus Inactive (Note 9)
SensorPath Bus Inactive; all
I+
Average
I+
Peak
Average Power Supply Current
Peak Power Supply Current
sensors enabled;
=182 ms; (Note 9)
t
CONV
SensorPath Bus Inactive (Note 9)
Power-On Reset Threshold Voltage
TEMPERATURE-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER CHARACTERISTICS
Parameter Conditions
Temperature Accuracy Using the Remote Thermal Diode, see (Note 11) for Thermal Diode Processor Type.
Temperature Accuracy Using the Local Diode T
T
J
= 0˚C to
TD= +25˚C
+85˚C
T
= 0˚C to
J
+85˚C
T
= 0˚C to
J
+85˚C
= 0˚C to +85˚C (Note 10)
J
TD= 0˚C to +100˚C
TD= +100˚C to +125˚C
Typical
(Note 7)
Remote Diode and Local Temperature Resolution 10 Bits
D− Source Voltage 0.7 V
Diode Source Current
(V
D+−VD−
Low Current 11.75 µA
) = +0.65 V; High Current 188 280 µA (max)
Diode Source Current High Current to Low Current Ratio
=85˚C; all other limits
MAX
Limits
(Note 8)
3.0
3.6
260 420 µA (max)
900 µA (max)
3.3 mA (max)
1.6 V (min)
2.8 V (max)
Limits
(Note 8)
±
1
±
1
±
2.5 ˚C (max)
±
3 ˚C (max)
±
4 ˚C (max)
±
3 ˚C (max)
0.5 ˚C
16
+125˚C
A
+140 ˚C
D
Units
(Limit)
V (min)
V (max)
Units
(Limits)
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SWD and ADD DIGITAL INPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Symbol Parameter Conditions
SWD Logical High Input Voltage 2.1 V (min)
SWD Logical Low Input Voltage 0.8 V (max)
ADD Logical High Input Voltage 90%xV+ V (min)
ADD Logical Low Input Voltage 10%xV+ V (max)
Input Hysteresis 300 mV
SWD and ADD Input Current GND VIN≤ V+
SWD Input Current with V+ Open or Grounded
GND V
3.6V,
IN
and V+ Open or
V
V
IH
V
IL
V
IH
V
IL
HYST
I
L
GND
C
IN
Digital Input Capacitance 10 pF
SWD DIGITAL OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Symbol Parameter Conditions
V
OL
Open-drain Output Logic “Low” Voltage
I
OH
C
OUT
Open-drain Output Off Current
Digital Output Capacitance 10 pF
IOL= 4mA 0.4 V (max)
I
= 50µA 0.2 V (max)
OL
Typical
(Note 7)
Limits
(Note 8)
V+ + 0.5 V (max)
-0.5 V (min)
±
0.005
±
0.005 µA
Typical
(Note 7)
±
0.005
±
10 µA (max)
Limits
(Note 8)
±
10 µA (max)
LM32
Units
(Limit)
Units
(Limit)

AC Electrical Characteristics

The following specification apply for V+ = +3.0 VDCto +3.6 VDC, unless otherwise specified. Boldface limits apply for T
A=TJ=TMIN
=0˚C to T
specification revision 0.98. Please refer to that speciation for further details.
Symbol Parameter Conditions
HARDWARE MONITOR CHARACTERISTICS
t
CONV
Total Monitoring Cycle Time (Note 12) All Temperature readings
SensorPath Bus CHARACTERISTICS
t
INACT
t
f
t
r
SWD fall time (Note 15) R
SWD rise time (Note 15) R
Minimum inactive time (bus at high level) guaranteed by the slave before an attention request
t
Mtr0
Master drive for Data Bit 0 write and for Data Bit 0-1read
t
Mtr1
t
SFEdet
t
SLout1
t
MtrS
t
SLoutA
t
RST
Master drive for Data Bit 1 write 35.4 µs (min)
Time allowed for LM32 activity detection 9.6 µs (max)
LM32 drive for Data Bit 1 read by master 28.3 µs (min)
Master drive for Start Bit 80 µs (min)
LM32 drive for Attention Request 165 µs (min)
Master or LM32 drive for Reset 354 µs (min)
=85˚C; all other limits TA=TJ= 25˚C. The SensorPath Characteristics conform to the SensorPath
MAX
Typical
(Note 7)
Limits
(Note 8)
182 163.8 ms (min)
(Default)
=1.25 k±30%,
pull-up
=400 pF
C
L
=1.25 k±30%,
pull-up
=400 pF
C
L
200.2 ms (max)
300 ns (max)
1000 ns (max)
11 µs (min)
11.8 µs (min)
17.0 µs (max)
48.9 µs (max)
38.3 µs (max)
109 µs (max)
228 µs (max)
Units
(Limits)
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AC Electrical Characteristics (Continued)
LM32
The following specification apply for V+ = +3.0 VDCto +3.6 VDC, unless otherwise specified. Boldface limits apply for T
A=TJ=TMIN
=0˚C to T
=85˚C; all other limits TA=TJ= 25˚C. The SensorPath Characteristics conform to the SensorPath
MAX
specification revision 0.98. Please refer to that speciation for further details.
Symbol Parameter Conditions
t
RST_MAX
Maximum drive of SWD by an LM32, after the
Typical
(Note 7)
Limits
(Note 8)
500 ms (max)
power supply is raised above 3V
Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is functional, but do not guarantee performance limits. For guaranteed specifications and test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics. The guaranteed specifications apply only for the test conditions listed. Some performance characteristics may degrade when the device is not operated under the listed test conditions.
Note 2: All voltages are measured with respect to GND, unless otherwise noted.
Note 3: When the input voltage (V
components and/or ESD protection circuitry are shown below for the LM32’s pins. The nominal breakdown voltage of the zener is 6.5 V. SNP stands for snap-back device.
) at any pin exceeds the power supplies (V
IN
IN
<
GND or V
>
V+), the current at that pin should be limited to 5 mA. Parasitic
IN
Units
(Limits)
PIN#Pin
Name
Pin
Circuit
All Input Structure Circuits
1NC A
2 GND B
V+/
3
3.3V SB
B
4 SWD A
5 ADD A
6 NC none
7 NC none
Circuit A
Circuit B
8 D1- C
9 D1+ D
10 D2- C
11 D2+ D
12 NC none
13 NC none
14 NC A
Note 4: Thermal resistance junction-to-ambient in still air when attached to a printed circuit board with 1 oz. foil is 148 ˚C/W.
Note 5: Human body model, 100 pF discharged through a 1.5 kresistor. Machine model, 200 pF discharged directly into each pin.
Note 6: Reflow temperature profiles are different for lead-free and non lead-free packages.
Note 7: “Typicals” are at T
Note 8: Limits are guaranteed to National’s AOQL (Average Outgoing Quality Level).
Note 9: The supply current will not increase substantially with a SensorPath transaction.
Note 10: Local temperature accuracy does not include the effects of self-heating. The rise in temperature due to self-heating is the product of the internal power
dissipation of the LM32 and the thermal resistance. See (Note 4) for the thermal resistance to be used in the self-heating calculation.
Note 11: The accuracy of the LM32CIMT is guaranteed when using the thermal diode of an Intel 90 nm Pentium 4 processor or any thermal diode with a non-ideality factor of 1.011 and series resistance of 3.33. When using a MMBT3904 type transistor as a thermal diode the error band will be typically shifted by -4.5 ˚C.
Note 12: This specification is provided only to indicate how often temperature data are updated.
Note 13: The output fall time is measured from (V
Note 14: The output rise time is measured from (V
Note 15: The rise and fall times are not tested but guaranteed by design.
= 25˚C and represent most likely parametric norm. They are to be used as general reference values not for critical design calculations.
A
IH min
IL max
Circuit C
)to(V
IL max
)to(V
IH min
Circuit D
).
).
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Timing Diagrams

LM32
20071104
FIGURE 1. Timing for Data Bits 0, 1 and Start Bit. See Section 1.2 "SensorPath BIT SIGNALING" for further details.
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Timing Diagrams (Continued)
LM32
FIGURE 2. Timing for Attention Request and Reset. See Section 1.2 "SensorPath BIT SIGNALING" for further details.
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20071105

Typical Performance Characteristics

LM32
Remote Diode Temperature Reading Sensitivity to Diode
Filter Capacitance
20071121 20071122

1.0 Functional Description

The LM32 measures 3 temperature zones. The LM32 uses a
temperature sensing method. A differential voltage,
V
be
representing temperature, is digitized using a Sigma-Delta analog to digital converter. The digitized data can be re­trieved over a simple single-wire interface called Sensor­Path. SensorPath has been defined by National Semicon­ductor and is optimized for hardware monitoring. National offers a royalty-free license in connection with its intellectual property rights in the SensorPath bus.
The LM32 has one address pin to allow up to two LM32s to be connected to one SensorPath bus. The physical interface of SensorPath’s SWD signal is identical to the familiar indus­try standard SMBus SMBDAT signal. The digital information is encoded in the pulse width of the signal being transmitted. Every bit can be synchronized by the master simplifying the implementation of the master when using a micro-controller. For micro-controller’s with greater functionality an asynchro­nous attention signal can be transmitted by the LM32 to interrupt the micro-controller and notify it that temperature data has been updated in the readout registers.
To optimize the LM32’s power consumption to the system requirements, the LM32 has a shutdown mode and supports multiple conversion rates.

1.1 SensorPath BUS SWD

SWD is the Single Wire Data line used for communication. SensorPath uses 3.3V single-ended signaling, with a pull-up resistor and open-drain low-side drive (see Figure 3). For timing purposes SensorPath is designed for capacitive loads
) of up to 400pF. Note that in many cases a 3.3V standby
(C
L
rail of the PC will be used as a power supply for both the sensor and the master. Logic high and low voltage levels for SWD are TTL compatible. The master may provide an inter­nal pull-up resistor. In this case the external resistor is not needed. The minimum value of the pull-up resistor must take into account the maximum allowable output load current of 4mA.
Thermal Diode Capacitor or PCB Leakage Current Effect
on Remote Diode Temperature Reading
20071107

FIGURE 3. SensorPath SWD simplified schematic

1.2 SensorPath BIT SIGNALING

Signals are transmitted over SensorPath using pulse-width encoding. There are five types of "bit signals":
Data Bit 0
Data Bit 1
Start Bit
Attention Request
Reset
All the "bit signals" involve driving the bus to a low level. The duration of the low level differentiates between the different "bit-signals". Each "bit signal" has a fixed pulse width. Sen­sorPath supports a Bus Reset Operation and Clock Training sequence that allows the slave device to synchronize its internal clock rate to the master. Since the LM32 meets the
±
15% timing requirements of SensorPath, the LM32 does not require the Clock Training sequence and does not sup­port this feature. This section defines the "bit signal" behav­ior in all the modes. Please refer to the timing diagrams in the Electrical Characteristics section (Figure 1 and Figure 2) while going through this section. Note that the timing dia­grams for the different types of "bit signals" are shown together to better highlight the timing relationships between them. However, the different types of "bit signals" appear on SWD at different points in time. These timing diagrams show the signals as driven by the master and the LM32 slave as well as the signal as seen when probing SWD. Signal labels that begin with the label Mout_ depict a drive by the master.
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1.0 Functional Description (Continued)
LM32
Signal labels that begin with the label Slv_ depict the drive by the LM32. All other signals show what would be seen when probing SWD for a particular function (e.g. "Master Wr 0" is the Master transmitting a Data Bit with the value of 0).

1.2.1 Bus Inactive

The bus is inactive when the SWD signal is high for a period of at least t
. The bus is inactive between each "bit
INACT
signal".

1.2.2 Data Bit 0 and 1

All Data Bit signal transfers are started by the master. A Data Bit 0 is indicated by a "short" pulse; a Data Bit 1 is indicated by a longer pulse. The direction of the bit is relative to the master, as follows:
Data Write - a Data Bit transferred from the master to the
LM32. Data Read - a Data Bit transferred from the LM32 to the
master.
A master must monitor the bus as inactive before starting a Data Bit (Read or Write).
A master initiates a data write by driving the bus active (low level) for the period that matches the data value (t for a write of "0" or "1", respectively). The LM32 will detect that the SWD becomes active within a period of t will start measuring the duration that the SWD is active in order to detect the data value.
A master initiates a data read by driving the bus for a period
. The LM32 will detect that the SWD becomes active
of t
Mtr0
within a period of t
. For a data read of "0", the LM32
SFEdet
will not drive the SWD. For a data read of "1" the LM32 will start within t
. Both master and LM32 must monitor the time at
t
SLout1
to drive the SWD low for a period of
SFEdet
which the bus becomes inactive to identify a data read of "0" or "1".
During each Data Bit, both the master and all the LM32s must monitor the bus (the master for Attention Request and Reset; the LM32s for Start Bit, Attention Request and Reset) by measuring the time SWD is active (low). If a Start Bit, Attention Requests or Reset "bit signal" is detected, the current "bit signal" is not treated as a Data Bit.
Note that the bit rate of the protocol varies depending on the data transferred. Thus, the LM32 has a value of "0" in reserved or unused register bits for bus bandwidth efficiency.

1.2.3 Start Bit

A master must monitor the bus as inactive before beginning a Start Bit.
The master uses a Start Bit to indicate the beginning of a transfer. LM32s will monitor for Start Bits all the time, to allow synchronization of transactions with the master. If a Start Bit occurs in the middle of a transaction, the LM32 being ad­dressed will abort the current transaction. In this case the transaction is not "completed" by the LM32 (see Section 1.3 "SensorPath Bus Transactions").
During each Start Bit, both the master and all the LM32s must monitor the bus for Attention Request and Reset, by
Mtr0
SFEdet
or t
Mtr1
, and
measuring the time SWD is active (low). If an Attention Request or Reset condition is detected, the current "bit signal" is not treated as a Start Bit. The master may attempt to send the Start Bit at a later time.

1.2.4 Attention Request

The LM32 may initiate an Attention Request when the Sen­sorPath bus is inactive.
Note that a Data Bit, or Start Bit, from the master may start simultaneously with an Attention Request from the LM32. In addition, two LM32s may start an Attention Request simul­taneously. Due to its length, the Attention Request has pri­ority over any other "bit signal", except Reset. Conflict with Data Bits and Start Bits are detected by all the devices, to allow the bits to be ignored and re-issued by their originator.
The LM32 will either check to see that the bus is inactive before starting an Attention Request, or start the Attention Request within the t active. The LM32 will drive the signal low for t
time interval after SWD becomes
SFEdet
SLoutA
time. After this, both the master and the LM32 must monitor the bus for a Reset Condition. If a Reset condition is detected, the current "bit signal" is not treated as an Attention Request.
After Reset, an Attention Request can not be sent before the master has sent 14 Data Bits on the bus. See Section 1.3.5 for further details on Attention Request generation.

1.2.5 Bus Reset

The LM32 issues a Reset at power up. The master must also generate a Bus Reset at power-up for at least the minimum reset time, it must not rely on the LM32. SensorPath puts no limitation on the maximum reset time of the master. Follow­ing a Bus Reset, the LM32 may generate an Attention Re­quest only after the master has sent 14 Data Bits on the bus. See Section 1.3.5 for further details on Attention Request generation.

1.3 SensorPath BUS TRANSACTIONS

SensorPath is designed to work with a single master and up to seven slave devices. Each slave has a unique address. The LM32 supports up to 2 device addresses that are se­lected by the state of the address pin ADD. The Register Set of the LM32 is defined in Section 2.0.

1.3.1 Bus Reset Operation

A Bus Reset Operation is global on the bus and affects only the communication interface of all the devices connected to it. The Bus Reset operation does not affect either the con­tents of the device registers, or device operation, to the extent defined in LM32 Register Set, see Section 2.0.
The Bus Reset operation is performed by generating a Reset signal on the bus. The master must apply Reset after power­up, and before it starts operation. The Reset signal end will be monitored by all the LM32s on the bus.
After the Reset Signal the SensorPath specification requires that the master send a sequence of 8 Data Bits with a value of "0", without a preceding Start Bit. This is required to enable slaves that "train" their clocks to the bit timing. The LM32 does not require nor does it support clock training.
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1.0 Functional Description (Continued)
FIGURE 4. Bus Reset Transaction
LM32
20071108

1.3.2 Read Transaction

Device Number This is the address of the LM32 device
accessed. Address "000" is a broadcast address and can be responded to by all the slave devices. The LM32 ignores the broadcast address during a read transaction.
Internal Address The address of a register within the
LM32 that is read. Read/Write (R/W) A "1" indicates a read transaction.
Data Bits During a read transaction the data bits are
driven by the LM32. Data is transferred serially with the most significant bit first. This allows throughput optimiza­tion based on the information that needs to be read.
The LM32 supports 8-bit or 16-bit data fields, as de­scribed in Section 2.0 "Register Set".
Even Parity (EP) This bit is based on all preceding bits
(device number, internal address, Read/Write and data bits) and the parity bit itself. The parity -number of 1’s - of all the preceding bits and the parity bit must be even - i.e., the result must be 0. During a read transaction, the EP bit is sent by the LM32 to the master to allow the master to check the received data before using it.
Acknowledge (ACK) During a read transaction the ACK
bit is sent by the master indicating that the EP bit was received and was found to be correct, when compared to the data preceding it, and that no conflict was detected on the bus (excluding Attention Request - see Section
1.3.5 "Attention Request Transaction"). A read transfer is considered "complete" only when the ACK bit is received. A transaction that was not positively acknowledged is not considered "complete" by the LM32 and following are performed:
— The BER bit in the LM32 Device Status register is set — The LM32 generates an Attention Request before, or
together with the Start Bit of the next transaction
A transaction that was not positively acknowledged is also not considered "complete" by the master (i.e. inter­nal operations related to the transaction are not per­formed). The transaction may be repeated by the master, after detecting the source of the Attention Request (the LM32 that has a set BER bit in the Device Status regis­ter). Note that the SensorPath protocol neither forces, nor automates re-execution of the transaction by the master.
The values of the ACK bit are:
— 1: Data was received correctly — 0: An error was detected (no-acknowledge).
FIGURE 5. Read Transaction, master reads data from LM32

1.3.3 Write Transaction

Device Number This is the address of the slave device
accessed. Address "000" is a broadcast address and is responded to by all the slave devices. The LM32 re­sponds to broadcast messages to the Device Control Register.
20071109
Internal Address This is the register address in the
LM32 that will be written. Read/Write (R/W) A "0" data bit directs a write transac-
tion.
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1.0 Functional Description (Continued)
LM32
Data Bits This is the data written to the LM32 register,
are driven by the master. Data is transferred serially with the most significant bit first. The number of data bits may vary from one address to another, based on the size of the register in the LM32. This allows throughput optimi­zation based on the information that needs to be written.
The LM32 supports 8-bit or 16-bit data fields, as de­scribed in Section 2.0 "Register Set".
Even Parity (EP) This data bit is based on all preceding
bits (Device Number, Internal Address, Read/Write and Data bits) and the Even Parity bit itself. The parity (num­ber of 1’s) of all the preceding bits and the parity bit must be even - i.e. the result must be 0. During a write trans­action, the EP bit is sent by the master to the LM32 to allow the LM32 to check the received data before using it.
Acknowledge (ACK) During the write transaction the
ACK bit is sent by the LM32 indicating to the master that the EP was received and was found correct, and that no conflict was detected on the bus (excluding Attention
Request - see Section 1.3.5 "Attention Request Transac­tion"). A write transfer is considered "completed" only when the ACK bit is generated. A transaction that was not positively acknowledged is not considered complete by the LM32 (i.e. internal operation related to the transaction are not performed) and the following are performed:
— The BER bit in the LM32 Device Status register is set; — The LM32 generates an Attention Request before, or
together with the Start Bit of the next transaction
A transaction that was not positively acknowledged is also not considered "complete" by the master (i.e. inter­nal operations related to the transaction are not per­formed). The transaction may be repeated by the master, after detecting the source of the Attention Request (the LM32 that has a set BER bit in the Device Status regis­ter). Note that the SensorPath protocol neither forces, nor automates re-execution of the transaction by the master.
The values of the ACK bit are:
— 1: Data was received correctly; — 0: An error was detected (no-acknowledge).
FIGURE 6. Write Transaction, master write data to LM32

1.3.4 Read and Write Transaction Exceptions

This section describes master and LM32 handling of special bus conditions, encountered during either Read or Write transactions.
If LM32 receives more than the expected number of data bits (defined by the size of the accessed register), it ignores the unnecessary bits. In this case, if both master and LM32 identify correct EP and ACK bits they "complete" the trans­action. However, in most cases, the additional data bits differ from the correct EP and ACK bits. In this case, both the master and the LM32 do not "complete" the transaction. In addition, the LM32 performs the following:
the BER bit in the LM32 Device Status register is set
the LM32 generates an Attention Request
If the LM32 receives less than the expected number of data bits (defined by the size of the accessed register), it waits indefinitely for the missing bits to be sent by the master. If then the master sends the missing bits, together with the correct EP/ACK bits, both master and LM32 "complete" the transaction. However, if the master starts a new transaction
20071110
generating a Start Bit, the LM32 aborts the current transac­tion (the LM32 does not "complete" the current transaction) and begins the new transaction. The master is not notified by the LM32 of the incomplete transaction.

1.3.5 Attention Request Transaction

Attention Request is generated by the LM32 when it needs the attention of the master. The master and all LM32s must monitor the Attention Request to allow bit re-sending in case of simultaneous start with a Data Bit or Start Bit transfer. Refer to the "Attention Request" section, Section 1.2.4 in the "Bit Signaling" portion of the data sheet.
The LM32 will generate an Attention Request using the following rules:
1. A Function event that sets the Status Flag has occurred
and Attention Request is enabled and
2. The "physical" condition for an Attention Request is met
(i.e., the bus is inactive), and
3. At the first time 2 is met after 1 occurred, there has not
been an Attention request on the bus since a read of the Device Status register, or since a Bus Reset.
OR
1. A bus error event occurred, and
2. the "physical" condition for an Attention Request is met
(i.e., the bus is inactive), and
3. At the first time 2. is met after 1 occurred, there has not
been a Bus Reset.
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1.0 Functional Description (Continued)
All devices (master or slave) must monitor the bus for an Attention Request signal. The following notes clarify the intended system operation that uses the Attention Request Indication.
Masters are expected to use the attention request as a
trigger to read results from the LM32. This is done in a sequence that covers all LM32s. This sequence is re­ferred to as "master sensor read sequence".
After an Attention Request is sent by an LM32 until after
the next read from the Device Status register the LM32 does not send Attention Requests for a function event since it is guaranteed that the master will read the Status register as part of the master sensor read sequence. Note that the LM32 will send an attention for BER, re­gardless of the Status register read, to help the master with any error recovery operations and prevent dead­locks.
A master must record the Attention Request event. It
must then scan all slave devices in the system by reading
LM32
their Device Status register and must handle any pending event in them before it may assume that there are no more events to handle.
Note: there is no indication of which slave has sent the request. The requirement that multiple requests are not sent allows the master to know within one scan of register reads that there are no more pending events.

1.3.6 Fixed Device Number Setting

The LM32 device number is defined by strapping of the ADD pin. The LM32 will wake (after Device Reset) with the Device Number field of the Device Number register set to the ad­dress as designated in Section 2.3 "Device Number". It is the responsibility of the system designer to avoid having two devices with the same Device Number on the bus.
Devices should be detected by the master by a read opera­tion of the Device Number register. The read returns "000" if there is no device at that address on the bus (the EP bit must be ignored).
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2.0 Register Set

LM32

2.1 REGISTER SET SUMMARY

Reg
Register
Add
000 000
000 001
000 010
000 011
000 100
000 101
001 000
001 001
001 010
001 011
-011 111
0Bh-1Fh
100 000
100 001
-111 111 21h-3Fh
Name
Device
00h
Number
Manufacturer
01h
ID
Device ID R 23h
02h
Capabilities
03h
Fixed
Device
04h
Status
Device
05h
Control
Temperature
08h
Capabilities
Processor/ Remote Temperature Data Readout
09h
Local Temperature Data Readout
Temperature
0Ah
Control
Reserved R Undefined
Conversion
20h
Rate
Undefined Registers
P R/ W
R * Not Available
R 100Bh 0001000000001011
R 01h
R 0h Not Available BER
R/ W
R 0549h
R
R/ W
R/ W
R Undefined
Bit
O
R
Val
0h
0h
2h Not Available
Bit14Bit13Bit12Bit11Bit10Bit9Bit8Bit7Bit6Bit5Bit4Bit3Bit2Bit
15
MSb
Reserved
00000
RevID Device ID
0000000000100011
Reserved
0000000000000001
Reserved
00 000
Reserved
00000000000 0
Int
Reserved # of Remotes
0000010101001001
MSb
128
Sign
000000000000
64˚C 32˚C 16˚C 8˚C 4˚C 2˚C
˚C
Reserved
Sens
Rout
Sign 10-Bits
Size
LSb
1
0.5
˚C
˚C
000000
ERF1
EnF1
Res
00 0
Res Res Res
00 00
Reserved
See Section 2.3
FuncDescriptor 1
(Temperature)
Reserved
Res
Low Pwr
SNUM
EN2 EN1 EN0 ATE
Resolution
Bit
1
LSb
SF1
Shut
downReset
0.5˚C
Res
EF
CR1 CR0
0
* Depends on state of ADD pins see Section 2.3 "Device Number".

2.2 DEVICE RESET OPERATION

A Device Reset operation is performed in the following conditions:
At device power-up.
When the Reset bit in the Device Control register is set to 1 (see Section 2.8 "Device Control").
The Device Reset operation performs the following:
Aborts any device operation in progress and restarts device operation.
Sets all device registers to their "Reset" (default) value.

2.3 DEVICE NUMBER (Addr: 000 000; 00h)

This register is used to specify a unique address for each device on the bus.
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2.0 Register Set (Continued)
P
Reg Add Register Name
000 000 Device Number R 7h or 1h
The value of [AS2:AS0] is determined by the setting of the ADD input pin:
ADD [AS2:AS0]
The value of [AS2:AS0] will directly change and follow the value determined by ADD. Since this is a read only register the value of the address cannot be changed by software.

2.4 MANUFACTURER ID (Addr: 000 001; 01h)

Reg
Add
000 001
Register Name
Manufacturer ID
R/ W
Val
R 100Bh 0001000000001011
R/ W
0 001
1111
P
Bit
O
15
R
MSb
O R
Val

TABLE 1. Device Number Assignment

Bit14Bit13Bit12Bit11Bit10Bit9Bit8Bit7Bit6Bit5Bit4Bit3Bit2Bit
Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1
Reserved
00000
AS2 AS1 AS0
1
LM32
Bit 0
LSb
Bit
0
LSb
The manufacturer ID matches that assigned to National Semiconductor by the PCI SIG. This register may be used to identify the manufacturer of the device in order to perform manufacturer specific operations.
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2.0 Register Set (Continued)
LM32

2.5 DEVICE ID (Addr: 000 010; 02h)

P
Reg
Register
Add
000 010 Device ID R 23h
The device ID is defined by the manufacturer of the device and is unique for each device produced by a manufacturer. Bits 15-11 identify the revision number of the die and will be incremented upon revision of the device.

2.6 CAPABILITIES FIXED (Addr: 000 011; 03h)

Add
000 011
Name
Bit Type Description
10-0 RO DeviceID (Device ID Value) A fixed value that identifies the device.
15-11 RO RevID (Revision ID Value) A fixed value that identifies the device revision.
Reg
Register Name
Capabilities Fixed
R/ W
R/ W
R1h
Bit
O
R
Val
P
O
R
Val
Bit14Bit13Bit12Bit11Bit10Bit9Bit8Bit7Bit6Bit5Bit4Bit3Bit2Bit
15
MSb
RevID DeviceID
0000000000100011
Bit
Bit14Bit13Bit12Bit11Bit10Bit9Bit8Bit7Bit6Bit5Bit4Bit3Bit2Bit
15
MSb
Reserved FuncDescriptor1
0000000000000001
Bit
0
1
LSb
Bit
0
1
LSb
The value of this register defines the capabilities of the LM32. The LM32 supports one function, that of Temperature Measurement type. Please refer to the SensorPath specification for further details on other FuncDescriptor values.

2.7 DEVICE STATUS (Addr: 000 100; 04h)

This register is set to the reset value by a Device Reset.
P
Reg Add Register Name
000 100 Device Status R 0h BER
Bit Type Description
0ROSF1 (Status Function 1) This bit is set by a Function Event within Function 1. Event details are function
dependent and are described within the function. SF1 is cleared by Device Reset or by handling the event within the Temperature Measurement Function (see Section 2.9 for further details). 0: Status flag for Function 1 is inactive (no event). 1: Status flag for Function 1 is active indicating that a Function Event has occurred.
3-1 RO Reserved. Will always read "0".
4ROERF1 (Error Function 1) This bit is set in response to an error indication within Function 1. ERF1 is cleared
by Device Reset or by handling the error condition within the Temperature Measurement Function (see Section 2.9 for further details). 0: No error occurred in Function 1. 1: Error occurred in Function 1.
6-5 RO Reserved. Will always read "0".
7ROBER (Bus Error) This bit is set when the device either generates, or receives an error indication in the ACK
bit of the transaction (i.e., no-acknowledge). BER is cleared by Device Reset or by reading the Device Status register. 0: No transaction error occurred. 1: An ACK bit error (no-acknowledge) occurred during the last transaction.
R/ W
O R
Val
Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1
Res
00 000
ERF1
Res
Bit 0
LSb
SF1
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2.0 Register Set (Continued)

2.8 DEVICE CONTROL (Addr: 000 101; 05h)

This register responds to a broadcast write command (Device Number 000). Write using broadcast address is ignored by bits 15-2. This register is set to the reset value by a Device Reset.
P
Reg
Register
Add
000 101
Name
Device Control
Bit Type Description
0 R/W Reset (Device Reset). When set to "1" this bit initiates a Device Reset operation ( See Section 2.2). This bit
1 R/W Shutdown (Shutdown Mode). When set to "1" this bit stops the operation of all functions and places the
2 R/W LowPwr (Low-Power Mode). When set to "1" this bit slows the operation of all functions and places the
3RONot supported. Will always read "0".
4 R/W EnF1 (Enable Function 1). When bit is set to "1" this bit Function 1 is enabled for operation. A function may
15-5 RO Not supported. Will always read "0".
R/ W
R/ W
self-clears after the Device Reset operation is completed. 0: Normal device operation. (default) 1: Device Reset The LM32 does not require a Device Reset command after power.
device in the lowest power consumption mode. 0: Device in Active Mode. (default) 1: Device in Shutdown Mode.
device in a low power consumption mode. In Low-Power Mode, the conversion rate of the LM32 is effected see Section 2.10 for further details. 0: Device in Active Mode. (default) 1: Device in Low-Power Mode.
require setup before this bit is set. The function registers can be accessed even when the function is disabled. 0: Function 1 is disabled. (default) 1: Function is enabled.
Bit
O R
Val
0h
Bit14Bit13Bit12Bit11Bit
15
MSb
00000000000
10
Reserved
Bit8Bit7Bit6Bit5Bit4Bit3Bit2Bit
Bit9
EnF1 Res
Low
Pwr
1
Shut
downReset
LM32
Bit
0
LSb

2.9 TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT FUNCTION (TYPE - 0001)

This section defines the register structure and operation of a Temperature Measurement function as it applies to the LM32. The FuncDescriptor value of this function is ‘0001’.

2.9.1 Operation

The Temperature Measurement function as implemented in the LM32 supports 3 temperature zones, the LM32’s internal temperature (LM32’s junction temperature) and the remote temperature of 2 thermal diodes (stand alone transistors or integrated in chips). The function measures multiple temperature points and reports the readout to the master. The measurement of all the enabled temperature sensors is cyclic and continuous.
Sensor Scan The Control register of the function defines which temperature sensors are included in the scan. A sensor is scanned only if it is enabled by the Sensor Enable bits (EN0, EN1, and EN2). The sensors are scanned in an ascending, round-robin order, based on the sensor number. Disabled sensors are skipped and the next enabled sensor in ascending order is scanned.
The minimum scan rate is recommended to be 4Hz (i.e. the measurement data is updated at least once in 250 ms), see Section
2.10 for further details. In Low-Power Mode, the scan rate is four times lower than the scan rate in Active Mode. The scan rate effects the bus bandwidth required to read the results. The sampling rate of the temperature measurements can also be controlled via the Conversion Rate register, see Section 2.10 for further details.
Data Readout When a new result is stored in the Readout register a Function Event is generated. Reading the Readout register clears the Status Function 1 flag (SF1). The result is available in the Readout register waiting for the master to read it during the master sensor read sequence. If a new result is ready before the previous result has been read, the new result overwrites the previous result and the Error Function 1 flag (ERF1) is set (indicating an overrun event). Reading the Readout
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2.0 Register Set (Continued)
LM32
register clears also the Error Function 1 flag (ERF1). The Readout register contains the temperature data, and the sensor number. Since the LM32 only supports three temperature zones the sensor number field will be zero to two. Other fields in the Readout register as defined by the SensorPath specification are not supported.
Readout Resolution The resolution of the readout is defined in the Temperature Capabilities register. The resolution of the LM32 is fixed and cannot be modified by software. The temperature readout type is common to all the sensors and is signed two’s complement fixed point value. The readout type is specified in the Capabilities register of the function.
Sensor 0 in the Temperature Measurement function is reserved for local temperature measurement (i.e., the junction temperature of the LM32).
Function Event The Temperature Measurement function generates a Function Event whenever a conversion cycle is completed and new data is stored in the Readout Register. When the new data is stored into the Readout register the SF1 bit in the device Status register is set to "1" and remains set, until it is cleared by reading the Readout register. An Attention Request is generated on the bus, only if it is enabled by the Attention Enable bit (ATE) in the Temperature Control register.
Setup Before Enabling No setup is required for the Temperature Measurement function before the function is enabled.

2.9.2 Temperature Capabilities (Addr: 001 000; 08h)

P
Reg
Register
Add
001 000
This register defines the format of the temperature data in the readout register. The LM32 only supports one format for all temperatures as defined by the values of this register.
Name
Temperature Capabilities
Bit Type Description
2-0 RO Resolution. This field defines the value of 1 LSb of the Temperature Readout field in the Readout Register.
5-3 RO Number of Bits. This field defines the total number of significant bits of the Temperature Readout field in the
6ROSign (Signed Data). Defines the type of data in the Temperature Readout field of the Readout register.
7RORoutSize (Readout Register size). Defines the total size of the Readout register.
8ROIntSens (Internal Sensor Support). Indicates if the device supports internal temperature measurements, as
11-9 RO # of Remotes (Number of Remote Sensors). Specifies the number of remote Temperature Sensors
15-12 RO Reserved. Will always read "0".
R/ W
R 0549h
The SensorPath specification defines many different weights for the temperature LSb. The LM32 supports a resolution of 0.5 ˚C and thus a value of 001 for this field. For a full definition of this field, please refer to the SensorPath specification.
Readout register. The total number of significant bits includes the number of bits representing the integer part of the temperature data and the fractional part of it, as defined by the Resolution field. The LM32 supports 10-bits and thus a value of 001 for this field. For a full definition of this field please refer to the SensorPath specification.
0: Unsigned, positive fixed point value. 1: Signed, 2’s complement fixed point value. (value for the LM32)
0: 16 bits. (value for the LM32)
the LM32 does. 0: No internal temperature measurement 1: Internal temperature sensor implemented. (value for the LM32)
supported by the function. 2: The number of Remote Temperature Sensors. (value for the LM32)
Bit
O
R
Val
Bit14Bit13Bit12Bit11Bit10Bit9Bit8Bit7Bit6Bit5Bit4Bit3Bit2Bit
15
MSb
Int
Reserved # of Remotes
0000010101001001
Sens
Rout
Sign 10-Bits
Size
1
0.5˚C
Resolution
Bit
0
LSb
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2.0 Register Set (Continued)

2.9.3 Temperature Data Readout (Addr: 001 001; 09h)

P
Reg
Register
Add
001 001
Name
Local Temperature Data Readout
Processor/ Remote Temperature Data Readout
Bit Type Description
0ROReserved. Will always read "0".
1ROReserved for Local Temperature Data Readout. Will always read "0".
3-2 RO SNUM (Sensor Number). This field indicates the number of the current Temperature Sensor, to which the
5-4 RO Reserved. Will always read "0".
15-6 RO Temperature Readout. This field holds the result of the temperature measurement. The active size of this
R/ W
R
EF (Error Flag) for Remote Temperature Data Readout. This bit indicates that an error was detected during the measurement of the current remote Temperature sensor such as a diode fault condition. When a diode fault occurs the value of the temperature reading will be 200h or -256˚C. 0: No error detected. 1: Error detected.
data in the Temperature Readout field belongs. Temperature Sensor 0 is always assigned to the local sensor of the LM32. 0: Local temperature sensor (see Table Thermal Diode Input Mapping) 1-2: Remote sensor 1 and 2 (see Table Thermal Diode Input Mapping)
field for the LM32 is 10-bits, left justified. See Table Temperature Data Format for examples.
O R
Val
Bit
Bit14Bit13Bit12Bit11Bit10Bit9Bit8Bit7Bit6Bit5Bit4Bit3Bit2Bit
15
MSb
Reserved
00 00 MSb Sign
128
64˚C 32˚C 16˚C 8˚C 4˚C 2˚C 1˚C
˚C
0.5 ˚C
Reserved
00 0
SNUM
Bit
0
1
LSb
Reserved
Res
EF
LM32
Thermal Diode Input Mapping
Sensor Number
(SNUM) Sensor Input Board Connection
0 Local none
1 Processor, D1+/D1- CPU Thermal Diode
2 Remote, D2+/D2- MMBT3904 Thermal Diode or GPU
Thermal Diode
All LM32 temperature data has a common format. The LM32’s temperature data format is two’s complement and has 10-bits of resolution with the LSb having a weight of 0.5 ˚C. The LM32 can resolve temperature between +255.5 ˚C and -256 ˚C, inclusive. It can measure local temperatures between +85 ˚C and 0 ˚C and remote temperatures between +125 ˚C and 0 ˚C with an accuracy of
±
3.0 ˚C.
Temperature Data Format
Temperature Binary Hex
+140 ˚C 01 0001 1000 118h
+100 ˚C 00 1100 1000 0C8h
+1 ˚C 00 0000 0010 002h
0 ˚C 00 0000 0000 000h
- 0.5 ˚C 11 1111 1111 3FFh
-1 ˚C 11 1111 1110 3FEh
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2.0 Register Set (Continued)
LM32
Temperature Binary Hex
- 40 ˚C 11 1011 0000 3B0h
-255.5 ˚C 10 0000 0001 201h
-256 ˚C 10 0000 0000 200h

2.9.4 Temperature Control (Addr: 001 010; 0Ah)

This register is set to the reset value by a Device Reset.
P
Reg
Register
Add
001 010
Name
Temperature Control
Bit Type Description
0 R/W ATE (Attention Enable). When set, this bit enables an Attention Request signal to be generated by the
1 R/W EN0 (Enable Sensor 0). When this bit is set, the Local Temperature Sensor is enabled for temperature
2 R/W EN1 (Enable Sensor 1). When this bit is set, the Remote Thermal Diode 1 Temperature Sensor is enabled
3 R/W EN2 (Enable Sensor 2). When this bit is set, the Remote Thermal Diode 2 Temperature Sensor is enabled
15-4 RO Reserved. Will always read "0".
R/ W
R/ W
LM32, if the EN0, EN1 or EN2 bits of this register are set. 0: Attention Request disabled (from enabled Temperature Sensor- default) 1: Attention Request enabled (from enabled Temperature Sensor)
measurements. 0: Temperature Sensor disabled (default) 1: Temperature Sensor enabled
for temperature measurements. 0: Temperature Sensor disabled (default) 1: Temperature Sensor enabled
for temperature measurements. 0: Temperature Sensor disabled (default) 1: Temperature Sensor enabled
Bit
O R
Val
0h
Bit14Bit13Bit12Bit11Bit10Bit9Bit8Bit7Bit6Bit5Bit4Bit3Bit2Bit
15
MSb
000000000000
Temperature Data Format (Continued)
Reserved
Bit
0
1
LSb
EN2 EN1 EN0 ATE

2.10 CONVERSION RATE (Addr: 100 000; 20h)

P
Reg Add Register Name
100 000 Conversion Rate
Bit Type Description
1-0 RO CR0 and CR1 (Conversion Rate bits 0 and 1) These bits control the conversion rate of the LM32 for
more details see Table Conversion Rate Control and desciption below.
7-2 RO Reserved. Will always read "0".
LowPwr [CR1:CR0] Typical Conversion Rate (ms)
0 00 Fastest*: continuous
100 91
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R/ W
R/ W
O R
Val
2h
Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1
000000

Conversion Rate Control

Reserved
Bit 0
LSb
CR1 CR0
2.0 Register Set (Continued)
Conversion Rate Control (Continued)
LowPwr [CR1:CR0] Typical Conversion Rate (ms)
001 91
1 01 364
0 10 182 (default)
1 10 728
0 11 364
1 11 1456
*Fastest: 2x7.5ms(remote) + 7.5msec (local) = 22.5 ms total The sensor conversion rate is controlled by this register as well as the Low Power Bit of Device Control Register. This register is
not defined by the SensorPath specification. Therefore, on a motherboard when using a Super I/O host this register must be modified during BIOS run time. The conversion rate is dependent on system physical requirements and limitations. The thermal response time of the MSOP package is one such requirement. Most systems will function properly with the default settings. The master scan rate is related to the conversion rate of the LM32. If attentions are enabled the conversion rate and scan rate will be equal.

3.0 Application Hints

The LM32 can be applied easily in the same way as other integrated-circuit temperature sensors, and its remote diode sensing capability allows it to be used in new ways as well. It can be soldered to a printed circuit board, and because the path of best thermal conductivity is between the die and the pins, its temperature will effectively be that of the printed circuit board lands and traces soldered to the LM32’s pins. This presumes that the ambient air temperature is almost the same as the surface temperature of the printed circuit board; if the air temperature is much higher or lower than the surface temperature, the actual temperature of the of the LM32 die will be at an intermediate temperature between the surface and air temperatures. Again, the primary thermal conduction path is through the leads, so the circuit board temperature will contribute to the die temperature much more strongly than will the air temperature.
To measure temperature external to the LM32’s die, use a remote diode. This diode can be located on the die of a target IC, allowing measurement of the IC’s temperature, independent of the LM32’s temperature. The LM32 has been optimized to measure the remote diode of a 90 nm Pentium 4 processor as shown in Figure 7. A discrete diode can also be used to sense the temperature of external objects or ambient air. Remember that a discrete diode’s temperature will be affected, and often dominated, by the temperature of its leads.
FIGURE 7. 90 nm Pentium 4 Temperature vs LM32
Temperature Reading
A diode connected 2N3904 approximates the junction avail­able on a Pentium microprocessor for temperature measure­ment. Therefore, the LM32 can sense the temperature of this diode effectively. Although, an offset will be observed. The temperature reading will be offset by approximately −4.5˚C, therefore a correction factor of +4.5˚C should be added to all temperature readings when using a 2N3904 transistor.
20071115
LM32

3.1 DIODE NON-IDEALITY

3.1.1 Diode Non-Ideality Factor Effect on Accuracy

When a transistor is connected as a diode, the following relationship holds for variables V
where:
, T and If:
BE
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3.0 Application Hints (Continued)
LM32
q = 1.6x10
T = Absolute Temperature in Kelvin
k = 1.38x10
η is the non-ideality factor of the process the diode is
−19
Coulombs (the electron charge),
−23
joules/K (Boltzmann’s constant),
manufactured on, IS= Saturation Current and is process dependent,
If= Forward Current through the base emitter junction
VBE= Base Emitter Voltage drop
In the active region, the -1 term is negligible and may be eliminated, yielding the following equation
In the above equation, η and ISare dependant upon the process that was used in the fabrication of the particular diode. By forcing two currents with a very controlled ration (N) and measuring the resulting voltage difference, it is possible to eliminate the I
term. Solving for the forward
S
voltage difference yields the relationship:
Pentium 4 on 0.13
1.0011 1.0021 1.0030 3.64 micron process, 2-3.06GHz
Pentium 4 on 90 nm
1.011 3.33
process
Pentium M Processor
1.00151 1.00220 1.00289 3.06
(Centrino)
MMBT3904 1.003
AMD Athlon MP model61.002 1.008 1.016

3.2 PCB LAYOUT for MINIMIZING NOISE

FIGURE 8. Ideal Diode Trace Layout

20071117
The non-ideality factor, η, is the only other parameter not accounted for and depends on the diode that is used for measurement. Since V
is proportional to both η and T,
BE
the variations in η cannot be distinguished from variations in temperature. Since the non-ideality factor is not controlled by the temperature sensor, it will directly add to the inaccuracy
±
of the sensor. For the Pentium III Intel specifies a
1%
variation in η from part to part. As an example, assume a
±
temperature sensor has an accuracy specification of
3˚C at
room temperature of 25 ˚C and the process used to manu-
±
facture the diode has a non-ideality variation of
1%. The resulting accuracy of the temperature sensor at room tem­perature will be:
=±3˚C+(±1% of 298 ˚K) =±6˚C
T
ACC
The additional inaccuracy in the temperature measurement caused by η, can be eliminated if each temperature sensor is calibrated with the remote diode that it will be paired with. The following table shows the variations in non-ideality for a variety of processors.
Processor Family η, non-ideality Series
R
min typ max
Pentium II 1 1.0065 1.0173
Pentium III CPUID 67h 1 1.0065 1.0125
Pentium III CPUID
1.0057 1.008 1.0125
68h/PGA370Socket/Celeron
Pentium 4, 423 pin 0.9933 1.0045 1.0368
Pentium 4, 478 pin 0.9933 1.0045 1.0368
In a noisy environment, such as a processor mother board, layout considerations are very critical. Noise induced on traces running between the remote temperature diode sen­sor and the LM32 can cause temperature conversion errors. Keep in mind that the signal level the LM32 is trying to measure is in microvolts. The following guidelines should be followed:
1. Place the 100 pF and 0.1 µF power supply bypass capacitors as close as possible to the LM32’s power pin. Place the recommended thermal diode 100 pF capacitor as close as possible to the LM32’s D+ and D− pins. Make sure the traces to the thermal diode 100 pF ca­pacitor are matched.
2. The recommended 100 pF diode capacitor actually has a range of 0 pF to 3.3 nF (see curve in Typical Perfor­mance Characteristics for effect on accuracy). The av­erage temperature accuracy will not degrade. Increasing the capacitance will lower the corner frequency where differential noise error affects the temperature reading thus producing a reading that is more stable. Con­versely, lowering the capacitance will increase the cor­ner frequency where differential noise error affects the temperature reading thus producing a reading that is less stable.
3. Ideally, the LM32 should be placed within 10cm of the Processor diode pins with the traces being as straight, short and identical as possible. Trace resistance of 0.7 can cause as much as 1˚C of error. This error can be compensated for by adding or subtracting an offset to the remote temperature reading(s).
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3.0 Application Hints (Continued)
4. Diode traces should be surrounded by a GND guard ring to either side, above and below if possible. This GND guard should not be between the D+ and D− lines. In the event that noise does couple to the diode lines it would be ideal if it is coupled common mode. That is equally to the D+ and D− lines.
5. Avoid routing diode traces in close proximity to power supply switching or filtering inductors.
6. Avoid running diode traces close to or parallel to high speed digital and bus lines. Diode traces should be kept at least 2cm apart from the high speed digital traces.
7. If it is necessary to cross high speed digital traces, the diode traces and the high speed digital traces should cross at a 90 degree angle.
8. The ideal place to connect the LM32’s GND pin is as close as possible to the Processors GND associated with the sense diode.
LM32
9. Leakage current between D+ and GND should be kept to a minimum. Seventeen nano-amperes of leakage can cause as much as 0.2˚C of error in the diode tempera­ture reading (see curve in Section Typical Performance Characteristics). Keeping the printed circuit board as clean as possible will minimize leakage current.
The SensorPath Bus is less sensitive to noise than its pre­decessor the SMBus due to the inherent filtering present in the pulse-width encoding of the data. Care still needs to be taken such that induced noise is analyzed and minimized. SensorPath Bus corrupt data is the most common symptom for noise coupled in SWD. A no-ACK is the symptom for noise coupled into the Device Number Select pin (ADD). An RC lowpass filter as well as a debouncing circuit are in­cluded in the LM32 that filter noise spikes less than 2.5 µsec in duration on the SWD signal.
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Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters)

Bus
unless otherwise noted
14-Lead Molded Thin Shrink Small Outline Package (TSSOP,
JEDEC Registration Number MO-153 Variation AB Ref Note 6 dated 7/93,
Order Number LM32CIMT, or LM32CIMTX,
NS Package Number MTC14C
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LM32 Dual Thermal Diode Temperature Sensor with SensorPath
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