The Portable System Controller is a circuit, which incorporates many of the functions necessary for low
power portable products integrated into one chip. The DS1677 provides a Real Time Clock, NV RAM
controller, micro-processor monitor, power–fail warning, and a 3–channel, 8–bit analog–to–digital
converter. Communication with the DS1677 is established through a simple 3–wire interface.
The Real Time Clock (RTC) provides seconds, minutes, hours, day, date, month, and year information
with leap year compensation. The RTC also provides an alarm interrupt. This interrupt works when the
DS1677 is powered by the system power supply or when in battery backup operation so the alarm can be
used to wake up a system that is powered down.
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DS1677
Automatic backup and write protection of an external SRAM is provided through the V
The backup energy source used to power the RTC is also used to retain RAM data in the absence of V
through the V
pin. The chip-enable output to SRAM, CE0 , is controlled during power transients to
CCO
and CE0 pins.
CCO
CC
prevent data corruption.
The microprocessor monitor circuitry of the DS1677 provides three basic functions. First, a precision
temperature–compensated reference and comparator circuit monitors the status of VCC. When an out–of–
tolerance condition occurs, an internal power–fail signal is generated which forces the toRST the active
state. When VCC returns to an in–tolerance condition, the RST signal is kept in the active state for
250 ms to allow the power supply and processor to stabilize. The DS1677 debounces a push–button input
and guarantees an active RST pulse width of 250 ms. The third function is a watchdog timer. The
DS1677 has an internal timer that forces the RST signal to the active state if the strobe input is not driven
low prior to watchdog time–out.
The DS1677 also provides a 3–channel 8–bit successive approximation analog–to–digital converter. The
converter has an internal 2.55 volt (typical) reference voltage generated by an on–board band–gap circuit.
The A/D converter is monotonic (no missing codes) and has an internal analog filter to reduce high
frequency noise.
OPERATION
The block diagram in Figure 1 shows the main elements of the DS1677. The following paragraphs
describe the function of each pin.
DS1677 BLOCK DIAGRAM Figure 1
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DS1677
SIGNAL DESCRIPTIONS
VCC, GND – DC power is provided to the device on these pins. VCC is the +5.0 volt input.
V
(Backup Power Supply) – Battery input for standard 3 volt lithium cell or other energy source.
BAT
SCLK (Serial Clock Input) – SCLK is used to synchronize data movement on the serial interface.
I/O (Data Input/Output) – The I/O pin is the bi–directional data pin for the 3–wire interface.
CS (Chip Select) – The Chip Select signal must be asserted high during a read or a write for
communication over the 3–wire serial interface. CS has an internal 40k ohm pull down resistor
V
(External SRAM Power Supply Output) – This pin is internally connected to V
CCO
within nominal limits. However, during power–fail V
Switchover occurs when V
drops below V
CC
CCSW
.
is internally connected to the V
CCO
INT (Interrupt Output) – The INT pin is an active high output of the DS1677 that can be used as an
interrupt input to a microprocessor. The INT output remains high as long as the status bit causing the
interrupt is present and the corresponding interrupt–enable bit is set. The INT pin operates when the
DS1677 is powered by VCC or V
BAT
.
when VCC is
CC
BAT
pin.
CEI (SRAM Chip Enable In) – CEI must be driven low to enable the external SRAM.
CEO (SRAM Chip Enable Output) – Chip enable output for SRAM.
PFI (Power–Fail Input) – Power–Fail comparator input. When PFI is less than 1.25V, PFO goes low;
otherwise PFO remains high. Connect PFI to GND or VCC when not used.
PFO (Power–Fail Output) – Power–Fail output goes low and sinks current when PFI is less than 1.25V;
otherwise PFO remains high.
ST (Strobe Input) – The Strobe input pin is used in conjunction with the watchdog timer. If the
ST pin
is not driven low within the watchdog time period, the RST pin is driven low.
RST (Reset) – The RST pin functions as a microprocessor reset signal. This pin is driven low 1) when
VCC is outside of nominal limits; 2) when the watchdog timer has “timed out”; 3) during the power–up
reset period; and 4) in response to a push–button reset. The RST pin also functions as a push-button reset
input. When the RST pin is driven low, the signal is debounced and timed such that a RST signal of at
least 250 ms is generated. This pin has an open drain output with an internal 47 kΩ pull up resistor.
AIN0, AIN1, AIN2 (Analog Inputs) – These pins are the three analog inputs for the 3–channel
analog-to-digital converter.
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DS1677
X1, X2 – Connections for a standard 32.768 kHz quartz crystal. For greatest accuracy, the DS1677 must
be used with a crystal that has a specified load capacitance of 6 pF. There is no need for external
capacitors or resistors. Note: X1 and X2 are very high impedance nodes. It is recommended that they
and the crystal be guard–ringed with ground and that high frequency signals be kept away from the
crystal area. For more information on crystal selection and crystal layout considerations, please consult
Application Note 58, “Crystal Considerations with Dallas Real Time Clocks”.
The DS1677 will not function without a crystal.
POWER–UP/POWER–DOWN CONSIDERATIONS
When VCC is applied to the DS1677 and reaches a level greater than V
device becomes fully accessible after t
When VCC drops below V
, the device is switched over to the V
CCSW
(250 ms typical). Before t
RPU
RPU
BAT
supply.
During power–up, when VCC returns to an in–tolerance condition, the RST pin is kept in the active state
for 250 ms (typical) to allow the power supply and microprocessor to stabilize.
(power–fail trip point), the
CCTP
elapses, all inputs are disabled.
ADDRESS/COMMAND BYTE
The command byte for the DS1677 is shown in Figure 2. Each data transfer is initiated by a command
byte. Bits 0 through 6 specify the address of the registers to be accessed. The MSB (bit 7) is the
Read/Write bit. This bit specifies whether the accessed byte will be read or written. A read operation is
selected if bit 7 is a zero and a write operation is selected if bit 7 is a one. The address map for the
DS1677 is shown in Figure 3.
The time and calendar information is accessed by reading/writing the appropriate register bytes. Note
that some bits are set to zero. These bits will always read zero regardless of how they are written. Also
note that registers 0Fh to 7Fh are reserved. These registers will always read zero regardless of how they
are written. The contents of the time, calendar, and alarm registers are in the Binary–Coded Decimal
(BCD) format.
The DS1677 can run in either 12–hour or 24–hour mode. Bit 6 of the hours register is defined as the 12–
or 24–hour mode select bit. When high, the 12–hour mode is selected. In the 12–hour mode, bit 5 is the
AM/PM bit with logic one being PM. In the 24–hour mode, bit 5 is the second 10–hour bit (20–23
hours).
The DS1677 also contains a time of day alarm. The alarm registers are located in registers 07h to 0Ah.
Bit 7 of each of the alarm registers are mask bits (see Table 1). When all of the mask bits are logic 0, an
alarm will occur once per week when the values stored in timekeeping registers 00h to 03h match the
values stored in the time of day alarm registers. An alarm will be generated every day when mask bit of
the day alarm register is set to one. An alarm will be generated every hour when the day and hour alarm
mask bits are set to one. Similarly, an alarm will be generated every minute when the day, hour, and
minute alarm mask bits are set to one. When day, hour, minute, and seconds alarm mask bits are set to
one, an alarm will occur every second.
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DS1677
TIME OF DAY ALARM BITS Table 1
ALARM REGISTER MASK BITS (BIT 7)
SECONDSMINUTESHOURSDAYS
1111Alarm once per second.
0111Alarm when seconds match.
0011Alarm when minutes and seconds match.
0001Alarm when hours, minutes and seconds match.
0000Alarm when day, hours, minutes and seconds match.
SPECIAL PURPOSE REGISTERS
The DS1677 has two additional registers (control register and status register) that control the Real Time
Clock and interrupts.
CONTROL REGISTER
BIT 7BIT 6BIT 5BIT 4BIT 3BIT 2BIT 1BIT 0
EOSCWPAIS1AIS0000AIE
EOSC (Enable Oscillator) – This bit, when set to logic 0 will start the oscillator. When this bit is set
to a logic 1, the oscillator is stopped and the DS1677 is placed into a low–power standby mode with a
current drain of less than 200 nanoamps when in battery back–up mode. When the DS1677 is powered
by VCC, the oscillator is always on regardless of the status of the EOSC bit; however, the real time clock is
incremented only when EOSC is a logic 0.
WP (Write Protect) – Before any write operation to the real time clock or any other registers, this bit
must be logic 0. When high, the write protect bit prevents a write operation to any register.
AIS0–AIS1 (Analog Input Select) – These 2 bits are used to determine the analog input for the
analog–to–digital conversion. Table 2 lists the specific analog input that is selected by these 2 bits.
AIE (Alarm Interrupt Enable) – When set to a logic 1, this bit permits the Interrupt Request Flag
(IRQF) bit in the status register to assert INT. When the AIE bit is set to logic 0, the IRQF bit does not
initiate the INT signal.
ANALOG INPUT SELECTION Table 2
AIS1AIS0ANALOG INPUT
00NONE
01 AIN0
10 AIN1
11 AIN2
STATUS REGISTER
BIT 7BIT 6BIT 5BIT 4BIT 3BIT 2BIT 1BIT 0
CULOBAT00000IRQF
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DS1677
CU (Conversion Update In Progress) – When this bit is a one, an update to the ADC Register
(register 0Eh) will occur within 488 µs. When this bit is a zero, an update to the ADC Register will not
occur for at least 244 µs.
LOBAT (Low Battery Flag) – This bit reflects the status of the backup power source connected to the
pin. When V
V
PAT
is greater than 2.5 volts, LOBAT is set to a logic 0. When V
PAT
is less than
PAT
2.3 volts, LOBAT is set to a logic 1.
IRQF (Interrupt Request Flag) – A logic 1 in the Interrupt Request Flag bit indicates that the current
time has matched the time of day Alarm registers. If the AIE bit is also a logic 1, the INT pin will go
high. IRQF is cleared by reading or writing to any of the alarm registers.
POWER-UP DEFAULT STATES
These bits are set to a one upon initial power-up: EOSC , TD0 and TD1. These bits are cleared upon
initial power-up: WP, AIS1, and AIS0.
NONVOLATILE SRAM CONTROLLER
The DS1677 provides automatic backup and write protection for an external SRAM. This function is
pro-vided by gating the chip enable signal and by providing a constant power supply through the V
pin.
CCO
The DS1677 nonvolatizes the external SRAM by write protecting the SRAM and by providing a back–up
power supply in the absence of V
prohibited by forcing
the end of t
RPU
.
CE0 high regardless of the level of CEI . Upon power–up, access is prohibited until
. When V
CC
falls below VPF, access to the external SRAM is
CC
POWER–FAIL COMPARATOR
The PFI input is connected to an internal reference. If PFI is less than 1.25V, PFO goes low. The power–
fail comparator can be used as an undervoltage detector to signal an impending power supply failure.
PFO can be used as a µP interrupt input to prepare for power–down. For battery conservation, the
comparator is turned off and
PFO is held low when in battery–backed mode
ADDING HYSTERESIS TO THE POWER–FAIL COMPARATOR
Hysteresis adds a noise margin to the power–fail comparator and prevents PFO from oscillating when
VIN is near the power–fail comparator trip point. Figure 8 shows how to add hysteresis to the power–fail
comparator. Select the ratio of R1 and R2 such that PFI sees 1.25 volt when VIN falls to the desired trip
point (VTRIP). Resistors R2 and R3 adds hysteresis. R3 will typically be an order of magnitude greater
than R1 or R2. R3 should be chosen in manner to prevent it from loading down the
C1 adds noise filtering and has a value of typically 1.0 uF. See Figure 8 for a schematic diagram and
equations.
PFO pin. Capacitor
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DS1677
MICROPROCESSOR MONITOR
The DS1677 monitors three vital conditions for a micro-processor: power supply, software execution, and
external override.
First, a precision temperature–compensated reference and comparator circuit monitors the status of V
CC
When an out–of–tolerance condition occurs, an internal power–fail signal is generated which forces the
RST pin to the active state thus warning a processor–based system of impending power failure. When
V
returns to an in–tolerance condition upon power–up, the reset signal is kept in the active state for
CC
250 ms (typical) to allow the power supply and microprocessor to stabilize. Note however that if the
EOSC bit is set to a logic 1 (to disable the oscillator during battery back–up mode), the RST signal will be
kept in an active state for 250 ms plus the start–up time of the oscillator.
The second monitoring function is push-button reset control. The DS1677 provides for a push–button
switch to be connected to the
monitors the
switch by pulling the
RST signal for a low going edge. If an edge is detected, the DS1677 will debounce the
RST line low. After the internal 250 ms timer has expired, the DS1677 will
continue to monitor the
looking for a rising edge. Upon detecting release, the DS1677 will force the
RST output pin. When the DS1677 is not in a reset cycle, it continuously
RST line. If the line is still low, the DS1677 will continue to monitor the line
RST line low and hold it
low for 250 ms.
The third microprocessor monitoring function provided by the DS1677 is a watchdog timer. The
watchdog timer function forces
RST to the active state when the ST input is not stimulated within the
predetermined time period. The time period is set by the Time Delay (TD) bits in the Watchdog Register.
The time delay can be set to 250 ms, 500 ms, or 1000 ms (see Figure 4). If TD0 and TD1 are both set to
zero, the watchdog timer is disabled. When enabled, the watchdog timer starts timing out from the set
time period as soon as
1000 ms time delay. If a high–to–low transition occurs on the
RST is inactive. The default setting is for the watchdog timer to be enabled with
ST input pin prior to time–out, the
watchdog timer is reset and begins to time–out again. If the watchdog timer is allowed to time–out, then
RST signal is driven to the active state for 250 ms (typical). The ST input can be derived from
the
microprocessor address signals, data signals, and/or control signals. To guarantee that the watchdog
timer does not time–out, a high–to–low transition must occur at or less than the minimum period.
.
WATCHDOG TIME–OUT CONTROL Figure 4
WATCHDOG REGISTER
BIT 7BIT 6BIT 5BIT 4BIT 3BIT 2BIT 1BIT 0
000000TD1TD0
WATCHDOG REGISTER
TD1TD0WATCHDOG TIME-OUT
00WATCHDOG DISABLED
01250 ms
10500 ms
111000 ms
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DS1677
ANALOG–TO–DIGITAL CONVERTER
The DS1677 provides a 3–channel 8–bit analog–to–digital converter. The A/D reference voltage (2.55
volt typical) is derived from an on–chip band–gap circuit. Three multiplexed analog inputs are provided
through the AIN0, AIN1, and AIN2 pins. The A/D converter is monotonic (no missing codes) and uses a
successive approximation technique to convert the analog signal into a digital code.
An A/D conversion is the process of assigning a digital code to an analog input voltage. This code
represents the input value as a fraction of the full scale voltage (FSV) range. Thus the FSV range is then
divided by the A/D converter into 256 codes (8 bits). The FSV range is bounded by an upper limit equal
to the reference voltage and the lower limit which is ground. The DS1677 has a FSV of 2.55 volt
(typical) which provides a resolution of 10 mV. An input voltage equal to the reference voltage converts
to FFh while an input voltage equal to ground converts to 00h. The relative linearity of the A/D converter
is
±0.5 LSB.
The A/D converter selects from one of three different analog inputs (AIN0 – AIN2). The input that is
selected is determined by the Analog Input Select (AIS) bits in the Control Register. Table 2 lists the
specific analog input that is selected by these 2 bits. Note also that the converter can be turned off by
these bits to reduce power. When the A/D is turned on by setting AIS0 and AIS1 to any value other than
0,0 the analog input voltage is converted and written to the ADC Register within 488
analog filter at the input reduces high frequency noise. Subsequent updates occur approximately every
10 ms. If AIS0 and/or AIS1 are changed, updates will occur at the next 10 ms conversion time.
µs. An internal
The Conversion Update In Progress (CU) bit in the Status Register indicates when the ADC Register can
be read. When this bit is a one, an update to the ADC Register will occur within 488
However, when this bit is zero an update will not occur for at least 244
µs. The CU bit should be polled
µs maximum.
before reading the ADC Register to insure that the contents are stable during a read cycle. Once a read
cycle to the ADC Register has been started, the DS1677 will not update that register until the read cycle
has been completed. It should also be mentioned that taking CS low will abort the read cycle and will
allow the ADC Register to be updated.
Figure 5 illustrates the timing of the CU bit relative to an instruction to begin conversion and the
completion of that conversion.
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CU BIT TIMING Figure 5
DS1677
3–WIRE SERIAL INTERFACE
Communication with the DS1677 is accomplished through a simple 3–wire interface consisting of the
Chip Select (CS), Serial Clock (SCLK) and Input/Output (I/O) pins.
All data transfers are initiated by driving the CS input high. The CS input serves two functions. First, CS
turns on the control logic which allows access to the shift register for the address/command sequence.
Second, the CS signal provides a method of terminating either single byte or multiple byte (burst) data
transfer. A clock cycle is a sequence of a rising edge followed by a falling edge. For data input, data
must be valid during the rising edge of the clock and data bits are output on the falling edge of the clock.
If the CS input goes low, all data transfer terminates and the I/O pin goes to a high impedance state.
Address and data bytes are always shifted LSB first into the I/O pin. Any transaction requires the
address/command byte to specify a read or write to a specific register followed by one or more bytes of
data. The address byte is always the first byte entered after CS is driven high. The most significant bit
(
RD /WR) of this byte determines if a read or write will take place. If this bit is 0, one or more read
cycles will occur. If this bit is 1, one or more write cycles will occur.
Data transfers can occur one byte at a time or in multiple byte burst mode. After CS is driven high an
address is written to the DS1677. After the address, one or more data bytes can be read or written. For a
single byte transfer one byte is read or written and then CS is driven low. For a multiple byte transfer,
multiple bytes can be read or written to the DS1677 after the address has been written. Each read or write
cycle causes the register address to automatically increment. Incrementing continues until the device is
disabled. After accessing register 0Eh, the address wraps to 00h.
Data transfer for single byte transfer and multiple byte burst transfer is illustrated in Figures 6 and 7.
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SINGLE BYTE DATA TRANSFER Figure 6
MULTIPLE BYTE BURST TRANSFER Figure 7
DS1677
POWER–FAIL COMPARATOR Figure 8
=
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DS1677
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS*
Voltage on Any Pin Relative to Ground –0.3V to +7.0V
Operating Temperature 0
Storage Temperature –55
°C to 70°C
°C to +125°C
Soldering Temperature See J-STD-020A Specification
* This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above
those indicated in the operation sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute
maximum rating conditions for extended periods of time may affect reliability.
DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS(0°C to 70°C; VCC=5.0V±10%)
PARAMETERSYMBOLMINTYPMAXUNITSNOTES
Input LeakageI
CS LeakageI
Logic 1 Output (I
Logic 0 Output (I
=-0.4 mA)V
OUT
= 1.5 mA)V
OUT
Active Supply Current (CS=VCC -0.2)I
A/D Converter CurrentI
Standby Current (CS=VIL)I
Battery Current (Oscillator On)I
Battery Current (Oscillator Off)I