RADWAG MAX 60, MAX 50, MAX 50/1 User Manual

User manual no.:
LMI-49-05/04/13/A

MOISTURE
ANALYZER

MAX

SERIES

BALANCES AND SCALES

RADWAG 2 6 – 600 Radom, Bracka 28, POLAND
Phone: [phone], fax. [phone]

[e-mail]
www.radwag.com

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APRIL 2013

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. TECHNICAL DATA .............................................................................. 6

2. BASIC INFORM ATION......................................................................... 7

2.1. Intended use ............................................................................. 7

2.2. Inappropriate use ..................................................................... 8

2.3. Principles of safety use ............................................................ 8

2.4. Warranty ................................................................................... 9

2.5. Monitoring metrological parameters of the instrument ............. 9

2.6. Data included in this user manual ............................................ 9

2.7. Staff competence ..................................................................... 9

3. TRANSPORT AND STORAGE .......................................................... 10

3.1. Delivery check ........................................................................ 10

3.2. Packaging ............................................................................... 10

4. UNPACKING, ASSEMBLING AND STARTUP ................................. 10

4.1. Assembling and place of use ................................................. 10

4.2. Unpacking .............................................................................. 11

4.3. Level setting ........................................................................... 12

4.4. Standard delivery components ............................................... 12

4.5. Cleaning ................................................................................. 12

4.6. Plugging to mains ................................................................... 12

4.7. Connecting peripheral equipment .......................................... 13

5. KEYBOARD ........................................................................................ 13

6. MOISTUR E AN ALYZER’S M ENU ..................................................... 14

7. MOVING THROUGH USER MENU .................................................... 15

7.1. Menu operation using moisture analyzer keyboard ............... 15

7.2. Menu operation using external computer keyboard ............... 18

8. USER MENU ....................................................................................... 19

8.1. Moisture analyzer adjustment ................................................ 19

8.1.1. Adjustment ................................................................... 19

8.1.2. User adjustment ........................................................... 20

8.1.3. Drying chamber (Temperature) adjustment ................. 21

8.1.4. Adjustment test ............................................................ 24

8.1.5. Adjustment report printout ............................................ 24

8.1.6. Drying test .................................................................... 25

8.2. Determining content of a printout for GLP procedures .......... 27

8.2.1. User .............................................................................. 27

8.2.2. Project .......................................................................... 28

8.2.3. Parameters determining content of the GLP procedures

28

8.3. Date and time settings............................................................ 29

8.3.1. Setting date format ....................................................... 29

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8.3.2. Setting time format ....................................................... 30

8.3.3. Setting time .................................................................. 30

8.3.4. Setting date .................................................................. 31

8.3.5. Setting displaying criteria for date and time ................. 31

8.4. Setting moisture analyzer operating parameters ................... 31

8.4.1. Entering menu group P4 Readout ............................... 31

8.4.2. Filter settings ................................................................ 31

8.4.3. Autozero function ......................................................... 32

8.4.4. Previewing temperature value inside the drying

chamber 32

8.5. RS 232 Functions ................................................................... 33

8.5.1. RS 232 parameter settings .......................................... 33

8.6. Printouts ................................................................................. 34

8.6.1. Standard printout template ........................................... 34

8.6.2. Non-standard printout templates ................................. 35

8.6.3. Inserting text into strings .............................................. 35

8.6.4. Printout selection ......................................................... 38

8.6.5. Enabling non-standard printout templates ................... 39

8.6.6. Non-standard printout templates in drying mode ......... 39

8.7. Moisture analyzer parameter settings. ................................... 41

8.7.1. Entering menu group P7 Other .................................... 41

8.7.2. Parameter settings ....................................................... 41

9. DRYING PROCESS WITH USE OF SHORTENED MENU ............... 44

9.1. Enabling shortened menu ...................................................... 44

9.2. Means of setting drying parameters: ...................................... 45

9.3. Means of drying process according to parameters set in the

shortened menu .................................................................................. 50

10. DRYING PROCESS WITH USE OF DRYING PROGRAM LIBRARY
54

10.1. Defining a drying procedure ................................................... 54

10.2. Entering name of a drying program ........................................ 55

10.3. Drying mode selection ............................................................ 56

10.4. Drying temperature setting ..................................................... 57

10.5. Finish mode settings .............................................................. 58

10.6. Setting the type of displayed and printed measurement result
58

10.7. Setting printout interval........................................................... 59

10.8. Setting size of a sample to be tested ..................................... 59

10.9. Setting a corrective coefficient ............................................... 60

10.10. Restore default setting ........................................................... 61

10.11. Printout of software settings ................................................... 62

10.12. Saving drying mode settings in moisture analyzer’s permanent

memory ............................................................................................... 64

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11. TESTING PROCEDURE USING A DRYING PROGRAM FROM THE

LIBRARY OF DRYING PROGRAMS ................................................. 65

12. S AMPLE PREPARATION FOR A DRYING PROCESS .................... 67

12.1. Principles of humidity content determination in a moisture

analyzer ............................................................................................... 67

12.2. Sampling and preparation ...................................................... 67

13. SELECTION OF DRYING PARAMETERS ........................................ 70

13.1. Selecting optimum sample mass ........................................... 70

13.2. Influence of sample mass on measurement result repeatability
70

13.3. Drying temperature ................................................................. 70

13.4. Selecting a drying mode ......................................................... 71

13.5. Selecting drying time .............................................................. 72

13.6. Drying mode analysis ............................................................. 73

14. COOPERATION WITH A PRINTER OR A COMPUTER ................... 74

14.1. Connecting cables .................................................................. 74

15. LIST OF COMMANDS COMPUTER - BALANCE ............................. 75

16. USER GUIDELINES ........................................................................... 77

17. MOISTURE ANALYZER MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES .................... 78

17.1. Cleaning moisture analyzer components ............................... 78

17.2. Temperature sensor cleaning ................................................ 79

17.3. Replacing the fuses ................................................................ 80

17.4. Troubleshooting ...................................................................... 81

17.5. Error messages ...................................................................... 82

18. MEMORY OF CARRIED OUT MEASUREMENTS ............................ 84

19. MEANS OF USING A MOISTURE ANALYZER FOR DRYING IN
TEMPERATURE OVER 160

°

C .......................................................... 85

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1. TECHNICAL DATA

Type

MAX 50/1

MAX 50 MAX 60

Reading interval 0,1 mg 1 mg

Max. capacity 50 g 60 g

Reading interval of

moist ure cont ent

0,0001% 0,001%

Tare range - 50 g - 60 g

Max. sample mass 50 g 60 g

Repeatability of

moist ure cont ent

reading

+/-0,24% (sample mass up to 2g),

+/-0,06% (sample mass betw een 2-10g),

+/-0,04% (sample mass over 10g)

Drying

temperature range

max. 160 °C

max. 250 °C (model WH)

Heating module

infrared emitter

halogen (WH)

Drying modes 4 modes: standard, quick, step, mild

Finish modes

4 modes: time defined, moisture content stabilization, time

optimized, manual

Working

temperature

+10 °C ÷ +40 °C

Power supply 230V 50Hz AC / 420W

Display graphic (backlit)

Drying chamber

dimensions

120 x 120 x 20 mm

Net weight /

Gross weight

5,1 / 6,6 kg

Packaging

dimensions

470 x 380 x 336 mm

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2. BASIC INFORMATION

CAUTION!
Use of moisture analyzer MAX series conversely to safety provisions and
other than following guidelines of this user manual may be hazardous to
human health and life. Never use the moisture analyzer is explosive area.
Moisture analyzer is not intended to use in areas with danger of
explosion. The inner shields of a moisture analyzer may heat up to 400
°C. Moisture analyzer’s nominal voltage is 230 VAC, thus it is necessary
to use the device in accordance with safety principles of low-voltage
instruments.
A symbol visible on instrument’s top cover (see below) is a warning
against its hot surface.

2.1. Intended use

A moisture analyzer MAX series is designed to determine relative moisture
content in small samples of various substances, determine dry mass content in
small samples and determine mass of weighed objects.
MAX series ensures fast and precise determination process of water content in
a tested sample, and application of a graphic display considerably simplifies
functioning, operation and carrying out measurement processes. Moisture
analyzer MAX series can be used to determine humidity content of different
materials.

At the initial stage of measurement, the device precisely determines the mass
of an object placed on instrument’s weighing pan. As mass reading is
stabilized, the sample is quickly heated by halogen lamps or IR emitters,
causing humidity evaporation from the tested sample. While sampling, the
moisture analyzer is continuously checking the decline of mass, and on
calculation, it displays current moisture content in a tested sample.
Compared to conventional methods of humidity content determination of
various substances, application of moisture analyzer MAX series considerably
shortens measurement time and simplifies testing procedure. The moisture
analyzer allows for setting multiple parameters which influence the procedure
of moisture content determination in a sample, such as: temperature, time,
drying modes, etc.).

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2.2. Inappropriate use

CAUTION!

Do not open the drying chamber during drying process. Moisture analyzer
features a halogen lamp which is a very powerful heat source. Thus, user
should pay special attention no to touch those elements of a moisture analyzer
that get hot while drying procedure (i.e.: disposable pan, pan handle, and inner
shields of the drying chamber).
Remember that some of tested samples may become dangerous if heated
(appearance of poisoning vapours, danger of ignition or explosion).
A moisture analyzer MAX series is not intended for dynamic weighing. Even if
small amounts of a sample are added to taken off the weighing pan, the mass
readout should be taken only on stabilization of measurement result
(appearance of stability pictogram on the display).
Do not place any magnetic materials on the weighing pan, as this can cause
damage of the measuring system of the instrument. Be sure to avoid impact
shock and overloading the moisture analyzer in excess of the prescribed
maximum measuring range (max capacity), minus any possible tare weight that
has been applied).
Never use the moisture analyzer in an environment endangered by an
explosion. This moisture analyzer has not been adjusted for operation in
explosive areas. There must not be any modification made to the moisture
analyzer.

2.3. Principles of safety use

Use of moisture analyzer MAX series conversely to safety principles and user
manual guidelines may be hazardous to operator’s health and life. It is
obligatory to acknowledge with safety principles listed in the user manual:

- use a moisture analyzer only to determine humidity content in samples and
determine mass of a tested sample. Any other use of the moisture ana ly z er
may be dangerous either to the device or the user,

- before switching on the moisture analyzer, make sure that the nominal
power of the device specified on its data plate, is compatible with the
supply in the mains to which the moisture analyzer will be plugged in,

- change of heating element can only be carried out by authorized
service,

- protect moisture analyzer against contacts with liquids,

- as the area around moisture analyzer gets heated, do not put any
inflammable objects or substances in close distance to the device,

- substance containing toxic or caustic vapour should be tested in a
chamber which absorbs the vapours,

- samples of substances that produce inflammable vapours if heated should
be relatively small (small sample mass), and drying process should be
carried out in low temperatures,

- remember that aggres sive sub stan ce s may cause corr o sio n to the devic e.

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2.4. Warranty

Warranty does not cover the following cas es:

• Not observing the regulation listed in user manual,

• Using the moisture analyzer conversely to its intended use,

• Any modifications of moisture analyzer or cases when its housing is

opened (damaged protective s t icker s),

• Mechanical defects and defects caused by media, liquids, water and
natural wearing off,

• Improper placing of defects of elect ric al network / mains,

• Overloading of measuring me c hani sm of the moi sture ana ly z er.

2.5. Monitoring metrological parameters of the instrument

Metrological characteristics of the moisture analyzer requires periodical
inspection carried out by its operator. Inspection frequency is conditioned by
ambient conditions in which the moisture analyzer is used, types of performed
processes and accepted quality management system in an organization.

2.6. Data included in this user manual

Please read the user manual carefully before instrument’s plugging to mains
and startup, even if the user is experienced with this type of moisture
analyzers.

2.7. Staff competence

Moisture analyzer MAX series should only be operated and maintained by
personnel who is trained and experienced in using this type of instruments.

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3. TRANSPORT AND STORAGE

3.1. Delivery check

Please check the packaging immediately upon delivery and the device during
unpacking for any visible signs of external damage.

3.2. Packaging

Please retain all parts of the original packaging should the moisture analyzer
be transported in the future. Only the original packaging should be used for
dispatching the moisture analyzer. Before packing, disconnect all attached
cables and remove any loose/movable parts (weighing pan, shields, inserts).
Place moisture analyzer and its components in their original packaging, and
protect them against damage during transport.

4. UNPACKING, ASSEMBLING AND STARTUP

4.1. Assembling and place of use

* A moisture analyzer should be stored and used in locations free of vibrations

and shakes, free of air movement and dust, located at the max altitude of
2000 above sea level,

* Moisture analyzer’s place of use should ensure good air circulation around

the instrument (approximately 20 cm fee space around the moisture
analyzer and 1 m free space over it),

* Ambient air temperature in the weighing room should not exceed the range

of: +10 °C ÷ +40 °C,

* Ambient relative humidity should not exceed 80% in the temperature up to

31°C, and decrease linearly to 50 % of relative humidity in temperature
40°C,

* A moisture analyzer should be located on a stable wall console desk or a

stable working table which is not affected by vibrations and distant from heat
sources,

* Take special safety measures when weighing magnetic objects, as part of

the moisture analyzer is a strong magnet,

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4.2. Unpacking

Carefully remove the moisture analyzer from its packaging, remove the plastic
and foil transport protective elements. Gently place the moisture analyzer in its
intended place of use.
Assembly the components of drying chamber, following guidelines from below
figure:

Assembling moisture analyz er components:

- Assembly insert of the drying
chamber’s basis

- Assembly drying chamber cover,

- Assembly drying pan handle,

- Assembly drying pan bracket,

- Assembly the disposable drying

pan..

Setting drying pan’s supporter ( brac ket).

When assembling the pan supporter (bracket) pay
special attention to the correct positioning of its
mandrel. The mandrel features a cut for its unique
positioning against the pan handle, thus
preventing their contact and fri ctio n.

Setting pan’s bracket:

- On assembling the pan bracket onto the
mandrel, turn the bracket slightly, so that the
cut on the mandrels are located in their
unique and correct position,

- When turning the mandrel us e most gentle
movements not to damage moisture
analyzer’s measuring syste m.

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4.3. Level setting

Before plugging to mains, level the moisture analyzer using
adjustable feet. Turn the feet in a way that the air bubble of
the level is located centrally.

4.4. Standard delivery components

• A moisture analyzer MAX series

• Insert of drying chamber basis.

• Drying chamber shield.

• Drying pan handle.

• Drying pan bracket.

• Disposable pan.

• Power cord.

• User manual.

4.5. Cleaning

Remember to unplug the moisture analyzer from mains before any
cleaning activities.

Clean the moisture analyzer using a damp cloth by gentle rubbing
contaminated places.

Remember to remove the drying pan from the drying chamber before its
cleaning. If the drying pan assembly is installed while cleaning it may
damage instrument’s measuring system, thus remove it from the bracket.

4.6. Plugging to mains

A moisture analyzer can be plugged to mains only by means of original
power cord, which comes standard with the moisture analyzer. Rated
voltage (specified on device’s data plate) must be compatible with mains
rated voltage.

The power cord can be connected only to socket with ground contact. Plug the
power cord to the moisture analyzer. The moisture analyzer’s power plug is
located at the back of instrument’s housin g.
On plugging to mains moisture analyzer’s displays software’s name and
number, after which the indication changes to 0.000 g (in case of a moisture
analyzer with measuring accuracy 1 mg) or 0.0000 g (in case of a moisture
analyzer with measuring accuracy 0,1 mg). In mass indication is other than
zero press TARE key located on the overlay.

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4.7. Connecting peripheral equipment

The moisture analyzer must be unplugged from the mains before connecting or
disconnecting any peripheral equipment (printer, PC computer). Use only
peripheral equipment recommended by the manufacturer with your moisture
analyzer. These have been ideally coordinated to your moisture analyzer. On
connecting a peripheral device, plug the moisture analyzer to mains.

5. KEYBOARD

Start/Stop key –

starting / ending drying process according

to selected drying mode.

Esc

key, abandoning introduced changes / exit one level

higher in menu structure.

Group of navigation keys –

change of parameters value;

moving in moisture analyzer ’s menu.

Print/Enter key –

sending display status to peripheral

device (Print) or confirmation of selected value or function

(Enter).

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Zero / Tare key – zeroing moisture analyzer’s indication.

On/Off key – s witch on/off display of moisture analyzer. On

switching off the display of the device, other subassemblies

are continuously supplied, and the moisture analyzer is in

standby mode.

Display key –

changes type of data displayed during and

after drying process.

Setup key – enter to main menu.

Test menu key – function key for selecting drying modes.

6. MOISTURE ANALYZER’S MENU

User menu of the moisture analyzer MA X series is divided into two sections. The first one is
made available on pressing SETUP key. This menu enables setting the f ollowing parameters :
moisture analyzer and temperature sensor adjustment, setting date and time format,
programming printouts and communicati on parameters with peripheral equipm ent, and setting
user profile parameters.
The second menu is accessible on pressing TEST MENU k ey, and it is dedicated to setting
parameters of basic drying mode, includi ng: drying temperature, drying mode, time and other
parameters. The menu additionally provides access to the library of drying programs. The
library stores up to 99 different drying procedures containing detai l ed setti ngs on drying modes
of various substances.

P1 Adjustment

P1 01 External adjustment
P1 02 User adjustment
P1 03 Adjustment test
P1 04 Temperature adjust.
P1 04 Adjustment report
printout
P1 05 Drying test

P2 GLP

P2 01 User
P2 02 Project
P2 03 Print time
P2 04 Print date

P2 05 Print user name

P5 RS-232

P5 01 Baud rate
P5 02 Parity
P5 03 Data bits
P5 04 Stop bits
P5 05 Handshake
P5 06 Print stable
P5 07 Printout type
P5 08 Paper cut off

P6 Printouts

P6 01 Printout no.
P6 02 Header no.
P6 03 Line no.
P6 04 Footer no.
P6 05 Printout 1 start

P6 06 Printout 1 stop

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P2 06 Print project name

P2 07 Print ID
P2 08 Print adjustment data

P3 Date/Time

P3 01 Date format
P3 02 Time format
P3 03 Time
P3 04 Date
P3 05 Display time
P3 06 Display date

P4 Readout

P4 01 Filter
P4 02 Autozero
P4 03 Temperature
P4 04 Negative

P6 13 Text 1

P6 14 Text 2

P7 Other

P7 01 Password
P7 02 Database of drying
programs
P7 03 Beep sound
P7 04 Language
P7 05 Display backlight
P7 06 Display brightness
P7 07 Display contrast
P7 08 Factory no.
P7 09 Software version
P7 10 Parameters printout
P7 11 Upload parameters
P7 12 Set ID
P7 13 ID automatic printout

P7 14 Previous version

7. MOVING THROUGH USER MENU

A user can move through moisture analyzer’s menu by means of three options:

1. moisture analy z er’s keyboar d ,

2. external computer keyboard type PS connected to moisture analyzer’s port

3. using commands sent from a computer connected to moisture analyzer’s
RS232 interface.

7.1. Menu operation using moisture analyzer keyboard

Entering option of selecting a

drying mode:

Press Test Menu key to open a list
with drying programs saved in
moisture analyzer’s memory. The
library can contain up to 100 drying
programs. Each of drying programs is
optionally configurable, and available
for multiple times during operation of

the moisture analyzer.

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Exit menu without saving changes:
Press Esc key.

Entering moisture analyzer’s main

menu:

Press Setup key to get access to user

menu and its parameters.

Exit menu without saving changes:
Press Esc key for two times.

Selecting a desired option in the

menu:

Press one of navigating keys (marked
with black coloured arrows) on
moisture analyzer’s overlay to move
the cursor (black triangle) up or down
in menu structure and set it against a

desired menu option.

Entering selected menu option / function:

Set the cursor (black triangle) against a desired function, and press SETUP key.

or

or

Changing parameter and function settings:

Use UP / DOWN navigating arrows to select accessible value
of a parameter or change setting of an active parameter (e.g.
name) when its value is flashin g.

Use RIGHT / LEFT navigating arrows to select a character
while entering a parameter value (while its flashing).

Accepting changes in function / parameter settings:

Press PRINT/ENTER key to save settings of a modified

parameter/function.

Changing displayed data during drying process:

A moisture analyzer MAX series enables previewing five types

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of measurement result while the drying process is in progress

or on its completion.
The measuring units are previewed by pressing DISPLAY key.
Each pressing of the key changes in turns the measur ing uni t
and automatic recalculation of measurement result. Available
measuring units:
%M (percent loss of mass in tested sample);
%D (dry mass in tested sample);
%R (humid / dry ratio expressed in %);
A chart from drying process
Mass loss in tested sample in [g]. .

Additionally, the display of MAX series contains the following:
drying time, current temperature in drying chamber, drying
mode, target (set) temperature, drying process result in a form
of: %M; %D; %R; chart, ma ss lo s s in [g].

Changes made to software settings are effective only on exiting to main
menu with procedure of saving changes.

On making all changes in the parameter settings, exit to main menu by pressing the
ESC key for a few times, until the software displays a message box with below two
option:

ENTER – save changes and exit
ESC – abandon changes and exit

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7.2. Menu operation using external computer keyboard

All keys present on moisture analyzer’s overlay have their equivalents on a

computer keyboard PS type, described in below table:

- function keys

Description

Overlay

Start / End drying process in an active drying mode.

Entering main menu.

Entering selection menu and settings of the drying mode.

Changing the type of displayed data on drying proces s.
Sending current display status to a connected peripheral

device (PRINT).
Zeroing/Tarring moisture analyzer’s indication.

- navigating arrows

Moving the cursor up

Exiting one level back in menu structure

Entering the settings of a selected para met er

Moving the cursor down

- keys: ENTER / PRINT and ESC

Accepting entered value (of a parameter)

Abandoning and exiting a function / parameter without
changes

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8. USER MENU

User menu is accessible on pressing SETUP key on moisture analyzer’s overlay.
The user enables: moisture analyzer adjustment, setting transmission parameters,
setting time and date and their format, and also other user parameters. This section
of the user manual presents software possibilities of the moisture analyzer and
means of changing the parameter settings.

8.1. Moisture analyzer adjustment

8.1.1. Adjustment

Should a m oisture analyzer MAX series be us ed as a laboratory bal anc e, t hen before carrying
out the measurements it has to be adjusted suing and external mass standard / weight).

Adjustment is a set of processes determining relation between the value
indicated by a moisture analyzer / balance, and mass of a weighed standard
(adjustment weight). The process enables correcting the indication if necessary.

Adjustment process on a moisture analyzer MAX series should be carried out with
use of a mass standard / adjustment weight class F

2

. The weight is an additional

equipment of the moisture analy z er .

Moisture analyzer type Adjustment weight mass

MAX 50g

Enter group of parameters P1 Adjustment.

Set the marker next to a parameter 01

External adjustment.

Press RIGHT ARROW KEY, whic h displays

a command to unload the moisture
analyzer’s pan (the pan has to be empty).

After emptying the pan press ENTER key.

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The moisture analyzer gives a command on

determining mass of an empty pan, followed
by a command to place a 50 g weight
(standard) on the pan.

a) After completing adjustment process the moisture analyzer returns to

submenu P1 - Adjustment

b) Press ESC for a few times until the display indicates below message

c) Depending on needs press ENTER or ESC key.
d) The moisture analyzer returns to the main window (weighing mode).

8.1.2. User adjustment

User adjustment should be carried out with a mass standard (weight) in accuracy
class F

2

.

Enter group of parameters P1 Adjustment.

Set the marker next to a parameter 02 User

adjustment.

Press RIGHT ARROW KEY. The moisture

analyzer displays a command to enter mass
of an adjustment weight to its memory.
in the displayed mass value the first digit is

flashing, i.e. it can be modified.

Use navigating arrow keys to enter the new mass value of the external adjustment

weight.

Accept entered mass of the adjustment

weight. Then the moisture analyzer
proceeds to the adjustment process and
displays correspondi ng mesages on its
display.

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The moisture analyzer gives a

command on determining mass of an
empty pan, followed by a command to
place a weight with pre-determined
mass.

On placing the weight on the pan

accept the process by pressing Enter
key. After completing the user
adjustment process the moisture
analyzer returns to submenu P1 -

Adjustment.

As specified in the previous point return to the weighing mode.

It is recommended that the mass of an external adjustment weight is
approximately ¾ of the maximum capacity of a balance / moisture
analyzer.

8.1.3. Drying chamber (Temperature) adjustment

Temperature adjustment of the drying chamber is carried out using a dedicated
set available as additional equipment of the moisture analyzer.

1. Thermometer

2. Thermometer holder with a shield
Adjustment is a simple process aimed at adjusting the temperature sensor

assembled in moisture analyzer’s drying chamber. Before carrying out the

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temperature adjustment process, install the adjustment set inside the drying
chamber following below figures.

Step 1.

Remove from the drying
chamber the following:

• Disposable pan

• Pan holder

• Pan bracket

• Chamber cover

Step 2.

Place in the drying chamber the
components of the temperature
adjustment set:

• Drying chamber shield
with assembled control
thermometer

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Step 3.

After assembling the adjustment
set close drying chamber’s lid
and start the temperature
adjustment process.

CAUTION: remember to carry out all the processes with great care not to
damage the mass measuring mechanism of a moisture analyzer.

Enter menu group P1 Adjustment.

Set the marker next to a parameter 04

Temperature adjustment.

Press RIGHT ARROW navigating key. The

moisture analyzer previews current
temperature value. After 8 minutes, the
display indicates flashing temperature value.

Enter the temperatrure value as indicated on

the external (control) thermometer.
Press Print/Enter key to proceeed to the
following step of drying chamber adjust men t
process. The moisture analyzer switches on
the halogen heating element and for the
following 8 minutes it heats the drying
chamber, and simultaneously indicates on
its display the current temperature value.
After the 8 minute time interval the moisture
analyzer’s display indicates the flashing
temperature value. Enter the temperatrure
value as indicated on the external (control)
thermometer.

Press Print/Enter key to proceeed to the

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following step of drying chamber adjustment

process. The moisture analyzer continutes
heating the drying chamber for another 8
minutes and simultaneously indicates on its
display the current temperature value. After
the 8 minute time interval the moisture
analyzer’s display indicates the flashing
temperature value. Enter the temperatrure
value as indicated on the external (control)
thermometer. After entering the temperature
value finish the adjustment process by

pressing Print/Enter key.

After completing the process return to the main menu with procedure of saving
changes.

8.1.4. Adjustment test

Adjustment test is a comparison of mass of an adjustment weight value with the
value of current measurement result. The process is aimed at checking the
comparison results, and it does not affect coefficients saved in software settings.
On previewing the test results press ESC key.

Carrying out adjustment test

a) Go to submenu P1 – Adjustment.
b) Set the marker next to the Adjustment test function
c) Press RIGHT ARROW navigating key
d) The moisture analyzer automatically carries out the test process

Factory adjustment – name of last carried out adjustment process
Adj (Cal) – value of a load currently placed on moisture analyzer’s pan
Curr. – mass value of an adjustment weight saved in moisture

analyzer’s memory

Dev. – calculated difference between the above two values

e) Return to the weighing mode =, as specified in point 6 of this user manual.

8.1.5. Adjustment report printout

On completing each of adjustment processes the moisture analyzer enables
generating a report from adjustment process. The report can be printed on a
connected printer and sent to a computer and saved in a form of file for future
records.

P1 05 Report printout : 1 : YES – report is printed

P1 05 Report printout: 0 : NO – report is not printed

Remember that on enabling report printout (set to 1), the report is generated
and sent automatically.

- 25 -

An example of a printout of a report from adjustment p rocess:

The printout content depends on

parameters set in group P2 GL P (see point

8.2 of this user manual). Variables that are
printed have an attribute set to 1: yes.

Apart from the content set in this menu

group, a report contains the following data:

mass of an adjustment weight stored in
moisture analyzer memory from last

completed adjustment process (described as

Curr:

), mass of an adjustment weight

determined in current adjustment process

(described as Adj: (or Cal) and a deviation

from adjustment process (described as

Dev:

), i.e. the difference between the two

mass values.

8.1.6. Drying test

Parameter <Drying test> enables monitoring correctness of temperature
indications as recorded by the moisture analyzer’s internal thermometer.
The testing procedure is carried out using a dedicated set (a thermometer with a
holder) that is available as additional equipment of a moisture analyzer MAX
series. (It is the same set that is used for carrying out temperature adjustment
process). Means of assembling the set is descri bed in the ch apter on
temperature adjustment of this user manual.

Enabling the testing procedure requires assembling the control set inside the
moisture analyzer’s drying chamber, and entering a menu group <Adjustment>
in instrument’s parameters. Start the process by following below specified
instructions.
Remember to assembly the control thermometer set before starting the testing
procedure and then close the dry ing chamber lid.

Enter menu group P1 Adjustment.

Set the marker next to a parameter 06

Drying test

Press RIGHT ARROW navigating key. The
moisture analyzer opens a window for
entering the temperature value for carrying
out the drying test. Use the navigsting keys
to enter the desired temperature value and
press ENTER button to accept.

- 26 -

The moisture analyzer displays another

message for entering the perm issibl e
temperature error that is acceptable by an
operator. Use the navigating keys to enter
the desired error size and press ENTER

button to accept.

The moisture analyzer displays another

message for entering the factory number of
the adjustment set used for carrying out the
test. Use the navigating keys to enter the
factory number data and press ENTER

button to accept.

After accepting the factory number of the
adjustment set, the softw are automati cally
starts heating the drying chamber until
reaching a pre-defined temperature value.
The moisture analyzer’s display indicates
data on tim and temperature of the drying
chamber sensor.

The temperature is maintained for 8 minutes

(as in case of temperature adjustment).
After this time interval, a message box is
opened on moisture analyzer’s display for
entering the temperature value as recorded
by the control thermometer set assembled
inside the drying chamber. Use the
navigating keys to enter the temperature
value from the control thermometer and

press ENTER button to accept it.

Then the display opens a mssage box with

the temperture error of the drying chamber
as recorded by the control thermometer set.

- 27 -

----------------------------------------
Test the drying chamber

----------------------------------------

17/04/2013 15:03:42
Balance Id: 01
Number of calibration kit: 0
Temperature setpoint: 120

The final temperature: 120

The temperature measured: 119
Permissible error: 3
Status: OK

----------------------------------------

The test result can be printed on
a printer connected to a moisture
analyzer by pressing PRINT
button. An example of a report
from drying chamber test is
presented in the table on the left.

Return to the main menu by

pressing Esc button for a number

of times.

8.2. Determining content of a printout for GLP procedures

This group of parameters enables determining name of a user and project, and
declaring other data to be printed in reports and standard printouts. All data can be
easily inserted using either moisture analyzer’s keyboard or an external computer
keyboard PS/2 type connected to balance’s port.

It is recommended to use an external computer keyboard PS/2 type, as it

is a much faster and easier means of entering text.

8.2.1. User

Enter menu group P2 GLP

Enter user name:

Using moisture analyzer’s keyboard

Press navigating arrow to enter the settings of parameter 01 User, where a
name or a number of a user operating the moisture analyzer is entered. The
name/number can include letters and/or numbers , maximum 8 characters. Use
navigating arrow keys. All letters and numbers are displayed in sequence and in a

- 28 -

closed circuit. Select a neede character. Next move the cursor to the right and enter
the following character. On entering all of the characters press ENTER key.

Using external computer keyboard PS/2 type

Press F2 key to enter the main menu, press F3 key or use navigating arrows to
set the marker next to a parameter 01 User and press F2 key to enter parameter
settings (flashing first character of an existing number or flashing cursor if not
number is specified). Use computer keyboard to enter a new User name and
accept it by pressing Enter key. Use Esc and Enter keys to return to weighing
mode.

8.2.2. Project

Name of a project can contain maximum 8 alphanumeric characters. The
project name is set as in the case of user namespecified above (see point 8.2.1
above).

8.2.3. Parameters determining content of the GLP procedures

A standard printout template can comprise the following parameters to be printed:
P2 03 print time – measurement time or report time acquired from moisture

analyzer’s real time clock
P2 04 print date – measurement date or report date acquired from moisture

analyzer’s real time clock

P2 05 print user – user nam e as specif ied in param eter P 2 01 User
P2 06 print project – project name as specified in parameter

P2 02 Project
P2 07 print ID – moisture analyzer factory number given by the manufacturer
P2 08 print adjustment – data on last completed adjustment process including:

adjustment date and time, adjustment type and deviation.

- 29 -

Data to be printed must have an attribute set to “1 yes”.

EXAMPLES OF PRINTOUTS FOR DIFFERENT GLP SETTINGS:

P2 03 print time: 1:yes

P2 04 print date: 1: yes
P2 05 print user: 1: yes
P2 06 print project: 1: yes
P2 07 print ID: 1: yes
P2 08 print adjustment: 1: yes

Date : 16/01/2002

Time : 13:12:30
User : R. Wilk
Project : Check
Balance : 11111111
Last adjustment:

---------------------­16/01/2002 13:02
External adjustment
Dev.: 0.0001 g

----------------------

130.0500 g

P2 03 print time: 0:no

P2 04 print date: 1:yes
P2 05 print user: 1:yes
P2 06 print project 0:no
P2 07 print ID: 1:yes

P2 08 print adjustment: 0:no

Date : 16/01/2002

User : R. Wilk
Balance : 11111111
? 12.0085 g

8.3. Date and time settings

Group of parameters enabling setting date and time of the real time clock in
moisture analyzer memory, and setting their displaying and printing format.

Enter menu group P3 Date/Time

8.3.1. Setting date format

Press navigating arrow key to enter submen u 01 Date format.

Select one of available values:

1 Date format - Month/Day/Year
2 Date format - Day/Month/Year

On selecting the appropriate value accept it by pressing ENTER key.

- 30 -

8.3.2. Setting time format

Press navigating arrow key to enter submen u 02 Time format.
Select one of available values:

1 Time format – 12 hours
2 Time format – 24 hours

On selecting the appropriate value accept it by pressing ENTER key. 12 hour time
format is differentiated by letters PM or AM visible on a printout.

8.3.3. Setting time

Press navigating arrow key to enter

settings of parameter 03 Time

Set current time:

or

Place the cursor next to a value
to be changed (i.e. Hour, Minute,

Second) .

Enter the value settings mode

(the first digit starts flashing)

or

Use navigating arrow keys to set

time

Select a digit to

be changed

or

Select digit value

Accept set value of time (the last

changed digit stops flashing)

Repeat the process for the following values (minute, second). On setting the
new values press ENTER key. The moisture analyzer returns to submenu P3
Date/Time. The time value visible in the upper bar of the display is changed. After
setting the time to a needed value return to the weighing mode following procedure
described in point 7.1 of this user manual.

- 31 -

8.3.4. Setting date

Press navigating arrow key to enter settings of parameter 04 Dat e

Following procedure described in point 8.3.3 set current date value. After

setting the date return to the weighing mode following procedure specified in point

7.1 of this user manual.

8.3.5. Setting displaying criteria for date and time

Moisture analyzer MAX series enables declaring whether date and time
should be visible in the upper bar of the display during instrument operation. The
displaying criteria are modifiable by setting an appropriate value of the parameter.

The value is changed in accordance with specification given in point 7.1 of this
user manual. If the parameter value is set to 1 then date and time re visible in the
upper bargraph of the display.

8.4. Setting moisture analyzer operating parameters

Moisture analyzer MAX series enables adjusting its operation to current
ambient conditions (filter) or user needs (display refreshment, autozero, last digit).
The parameters are grouped in menu <P4 Readout>.

8.4.1. Entering menu group P4 Readout

Enter menu group P4 Readout

8.4.2. Filter settings

Depending on current ambient conditions at a workstation it is necessary to set
filtering value. In case of perfect operating conditions set the filter value to very fast
(set value of parameter 01 Filter to 1). If the conditions are bad (i.e. vibrations, air

- 32 -

movement) it is recommended to set the filter value to slow or very slow (set value
of parameter 01 Filter to 4 or 5). The efficiency of filter operation differs in relation
to the measuring range. The filter operates with lower accuracy while the mass
indication is quickly increasing after placing a load on the pan, Filter accuracy is
increased when weighed mass is within filter’s set operation range (parameter:
filter operation range is available only in balance’s service menu, and it is
inaccessible for the user).

8.4.3. Autozero function

In order to ensure moisture analyzers’s precise mass indication, “AUTOZERO”
software parameter has been introduced. The application of this function is
automatic control and correction of zero indication.

The parameters determining the range and time of autozero operation are
set by the manufacturer and they are not accessible for the user.

If AUTOZERO function is enabled, then each weighing process starts from
precise zero point. Disabling AUTOZERO operation may result in result instability
while the pan is not loaded with a mass to be weighed. There are, however, some
cases when this function can be a disturbing factor of measuring process; for
instance very slow placing of a load on the weighing pan (e.g. load pouring).
Enabling and disabling AUTOZERO operation is carri ed out in parame ter P4 02.

8.4.4. Previewing temperature value inside the drying chamber

Set the cursot next to a parameter P4 03

Temperature.

Press right arrow navigating key which opens a

window

indicating temperature inside the drying

chamber.

Return to the previous window by pressing

Esc key.

- 33 -

8.5. RS 232 Functions

Moisture analyzer MAX series enables determining communication parameters
with a computer or a printer.

Enter menu group P5 RS-232

8.5.1. RS 232 parameter settings

Use function keys to set required parameters values (see point 7 of this user
manual – moving through user menu) which determine correct cooperation between
a moisture analyzer and a computer or a moisture analyzer and a printer:

Parameter

number and

name

Parameter value

Parameter

number and name

Parameter value

01 Baud rate:

0 : 2400;

1 : 4800;
2 : 9600;

3 : 19200

05 Handshake

0 : no;

1 : RTS/CTS;
2 : XON/XOFF

02 Parity

0 : no;

1 : even;

2 : odd

06 Print stable

0 : no;

1 : yes

03 Data bits

1 : 7 bits;
2 : 8 bits

07 Printer type

0 : Standard

1 : Kafka
2 : Epson
3 : PC

4 : PC-RADWAG

04 Stop bits

1 : 1 bit;
2 : 2 bits

08 Paper cut

0 : no
1 : yes

Caution:
In case of parameter set to P5 07 – 3 : PC – the data sent to a printer is only a line.
The data from the header and the footer is not printed.
For parameter set to P5 07 – 4 : PC-RADWAG – each printout is procee ded by a
special controlling signs, which enable moisture analyzer cooperation with the
computer software E2R MOISTURE ANALYZER.

- 34 -

8.6. Printouts

User of a moisture analyzer MAX series
can set up to 5 different printout

templates whic

h are sent from the

instrument to a connected peripheral

device (a printer or a computer) through
the RS 232 slot.

- A single STANDARD printout
containing data enabled in the
GLP procedures

- Four NON-STANDARD
customized printout templates

8.6.1. Standard printout template

On pressing ENTER / PRINT key the moisture analyzer sends through the RS 232
interface current display status (mass of weighed load) and variables declared in
submenu P2 GLP.

Examples of standard printout templates in weighing mode:

A question mark preceding the mass value means that the mass readout was
unstable at the moment of printout release.
A printout can be divided into three sections:

• Header (containing data on selected drying mode and start mass of a
sample to be dried)

• Line (containing partial drying time and humidity content result)

• Footer (containing end mass, total drying time and final drying result).

Date: 22/10/2001

Hour: 13.04.23
User: Wilk
Project: XW/456

62.690 g

Date: 22/10/2001

Hour: 13.16.49
User: Wilk
Project: XW/456
Balance: 10

? 62.685 g

62.690 g

- 35 -

8.6.2. Non-standard printout templates

Principles of creating non-standard printout templates:

1. Moisture analyzer MAX series enables creating up to 4 custom
printout templates;

2. each template must have the string of text start and end specified,
e.g. Printout no. 1 Start – 1 and Printout no. 1 Stop – 40. In this
case the Printout no. 1 contains text strings from 1 to 40.

3. Next insert the texts into the specified text strings, i.e. 1 ÷ 40.
It is recommended to use an external computer keyboard
connected to moisture analyzer’s port. This means of text input is
much simpler and quicker.

4. Non-standard printout templates may overlap each other, i.e.:
Printout 1 Start – 1

Printout 1 Stop – 40
Printout 2 Start – 20
Printout 2 Stop – 40

A non-standard printout can contain:

 Variables dependent on user needs (mass, date, project no., temperature

of the drying chamber, etc.)

 Texts inserted in moisture analyzer’s user menu
A custom non-standard printout template can contain up to 640 charac ters i nser ted
in 80 text strings, 8 character each. (starting with parameter String 1 to String 80).
A balance user can create up to 4 non-standard printout templates.

8.6.3. Inserting text into strings

Variables in printouts

%%

Printout of a single character “%”

%K

Type of last completed
adjustment process

%N

Current net mass in basic measuring
unit

%I

Deviation in last completed
adjustment process

%d

Current date

%1

Code 1

%t

Current time

%2

Code 2

%i

Balance factory no.

%3

Code 3

%r

Software no.

%4

Code 4

%P

Project no.

%5

Code 5

%U

User no.

%6

Code 6

%k

Date a nd time of last completed
adjustment process

- 36 -

Variables available in drying mode only

%C

Drying chamber temperature

%c

Drying time

%M

Drying result – humidity content

%S

Start mass of a sample

%D

Drying result – dry mass

%E

End mass of a sample

%R

Drying result – humid/dry ratio

%p

Parameters of an enabled

drying mode

%N

Drying result – curr ent net ma ss in
basic measuring unit

Special signs for designing a non-standard printout tem plate

\\

Single “\” sign

\c

CRLF

\r

CR

\n

LF

\t

Tabulator

\s

Skip to the following text ”string”

\0

End of a printout template

Each text string (Text 1 ÷ 89 Text 80) can contain up to 8 characters (letters,
digits, special signs, space). Inputting a sentence comprising multiple words and
signs requires using a set of neighbouring 8-character text strings. A user can add
special signs to include needed variables in a non-standard printo ut temp late.

Example no 1:

Maximum mass cannot exceed 11.250 g!

Inputting this sentence requires using 36 characters grouped in the neighbouring
text strings. Enter text strings settings and input 8 characters from the above text
into each of the text strings until complet ing t he sent enc e.

Text string no.

Text

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

8

19 Text 10

M a x i m u m

20 Text 11

m a s s c a

n

21 Text 12

n o t e x c

e

22 Text 13

e d 1 1 . 2

5

23 Text 14

0 g !

- 37 -

Example no. 2:

“RADWAG” Balances & Scales
Date:
Hour:
Load mass

*****Signature:.........

***<active working mode >***
Enter text strings settings and input 8 characters from the above text into each of

the text strings until completing the printout.

Text string no.

Text

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

8

25 Text 16

“ R A D W A G

“

26 Text 17

B a l a n c

e

27 Text 18

s & S c a

l

28 Text 19

e s \ c D a

t

29 Text 20

e : d \ c H o

U

30 Text 21

r : % t \ r \

n

31 Text 22

L o a d m a

s

32 Text 23

s : % N \ c \

c

33 Text 24

* * * * * S i

g

34 Text 25

n a t u r e :

.

35 Text 26

. . . . . . .

.

36 Text 27

. \ c * * * %

F

37 Text 28

* * *

Text string selection
Enter group of parameters P6 Printouts

- 38 -

Place the cursor next to a selected text string (from string 1 to string 80). od tekst 1
do tekst 80). Press navigting arrow key to enter parameter settings (if the selected
field was empty, then the first available space for a character starts flashing. If a text
is inserted to a string, then the first character of a line starts flashing).

Principles of inserting texts:
a) Using keys on balance’s overlay

Toggling upwards through all av ailab le chara cters: digits, letters, and
signs by one value.

Toggling downwards throu gh all ava ilab le char act ers: dig its, lett er s, and
signs by one value.

Selecting a character for modification by moving the cursor to the RIGHT

(the following pressing of the the right arrow key causes activating a
character for modificati on (cha racter is fli cker ing ; if no charac ter is
inserted, then repeated pressing of this key causes adding a space in the

text)

Selecting a character for modification by moving the cursor to the LEFT

(another pressing of the left arrow key causes a erasing a flickering
character, and causes flieckering of a character located on the left from

the erased one.)

Accept an inserted character

b) Using computer keyboard PS/2 type

Press F2 key to enter main menu of a balance. Press F3 or use navigating
arrows to place the cursor next to a group of parameters P6 Printouts and by
pressing F2 key enter the submenu group. Then, using the navigating arrows place
the cursor next to a desired parameter and press F2 key to activate text inserting
procedure. Use keyboard text keys to insert a text into the strings (max 8
characters per one text string) and accept it by pressing Enter key. Repeat the
process for the other text strings

8.6.4. Printout selection

Enter menu group P6 Printouts. Select one of available values for the parameter
P6 01 Printout no.:

0 : standard
1 : printout 1
2 : printout 2

- 39 -

3 : printout 3
4 : printout 4
On selecting an appropriate value accept it by pressing ENTER key.

8.6.5. Enabling non-standard print out templat es

Enabling a non standard printout template, e.g. printout no. 1:
Enter group of parameters P6 Printouts. In a parameter determining printout type

01 Printout no. enter 1: printout 1 and in parameter 02 printout 1 start enter t he
text string of printout start. Available values for start of a non-standard printout: from
1 to 80 !

After entering the number of a text string starting a printout, set number of a
text string finishing the non-standard print out tem plat e:
Enter parameter settings 03 printout 1 stop and enter the text string of printout
stop (end). Available values for start of a non-standard printout: from 1 to 80!

After accepting the selected parameters and returning to a weighing mode with
procedure of saving changes each pressing of PRINT key causes printing of a
declared non-standard printout template.

8.6.6. Non-standard printout templates in drying mode

The process of designing non-standard printout templates for drying mode is the
same as in case of weighing mode. The only feature of the printout template in
dying mode differentiating it from the printout in weighing mode is the need to
determine thee sections of a printout template (see standard printout in drying
mode): Header, Line and Footer.

An example of determining a printout template for a drying mode:

Header – Printout 2
Line – Printout 3
Footer – Printout 4

- 40 -

Printout 2

Printout 3

Printout 4

- 41 -

8.7. Moisture analyzer parameter settings.

Depending on user needs the moisture analyzer enables setting parameters
influencing its operation. These parameters are grouped in menu P7 Other, for
instance: beep sound on pressing a key/button, screen contrast, etc.

8.7.1. Entering menu group P7 Other

Enter submenu group P7 Other.

8.7.2. Parameter settings

The parameters are set as specified in case of previous menu groups.

01 Password

The password protects the moisture analyzer against making changes in its

settings

02 Database of drying programs

Enabling / disabling accessibility of the database of drying programs.

03 Beep sound

Determines whether each pressing of a key/button on balance overlay is

confirmed by a beep sound, available settings: YES/NO

04 Language

Selecting language version of software menu, available settings Polish or

English

05 Display backlight

Determines whether the backlight of the balance’s graphic display should be

enabled or disabled (enabling the backlight option improves data visibility on

the display)

- 42 -

06 Screen brightness

Enables changing the brightness of the balance’s graphic display – entering

the function opens a window for setting brightness level using buttons on the

balance’s overlay

07 Screen contrast

Enables changing the contrast of the balance’s graphic display – entering the

function opens a window for setting contrast level using buttons on the

balance’s overlay

08 Balance no.

This function serves for information purpose only, and it enables previewing

factory number of a balance

09 Software no.

Enables previewing number of software revision operating in a balance

10 Parameter printout

Enabling this function causes printing balance parameters set in the user

menu. The user specifies numbers of parameters that should be printed.

After entering the parameter printout
option a window with the following
question is displayed

If accepted, the moisture analyzer starts

sending current user paramet e r settings
to a connected printer/computer via RS

232 slot.

11 Acquire (upload) parameters

Enabling this function causes uploading all parameters sent via RS 232

interface from a connected comput er .

On entering the function the following window is opened:

On completing uploading process the balance informs a user on number of

accepted and changed parameters, and number of incorrectly declared

parameters which are rejected by the balance.

Printing and uploading balance parameters is a very simple and intuitive

means of setting new values of balance parameters. On printing to a file

current parameter values on a connected computer, the user can simply and

- 43 -

quickly change parameter values. After saving made changes, the updated file

is sent from the computer level to balance’s software. On completing of

uploading process and saving changes the balance accepts new parameter

settings. The procedure requires that a user is familiar with balance

parameters and has good knowledge of computers.

12 ID setting

Enables entering codes to moisture analyzer memory

13 Automatic ID Printout

Determines whether a code entered to moisture analyzer’s memory should be

automatically sent via RS 232 interface.

14. Previous version

The parameter enables functioning of a moisture analyzer as it would be if
previous software version was running, i.e. after setting the parameter value to
<YES> the moisture analyzer operates the drying process and the drying
temperature range similarly to the one specific for the previous software
version (in comparable temperatur e con diti ons).
The parameter enables using the drying process settings specific for the
previous version of this type of moisture analyzers if such are in use of an
organization. The parameter of a new moisture analyzer allows an operator to
use already determined and verified drying procedures for materials to be
tested, as implemented in older devices of the same type.

- 44 -

9. DRYING PROCESS WITH USE OF SHORTENED MENU

This section of the user manual presents the means of carrying a moisture content
determining process using the shortened procedures.

Menu of drying mode enables setting the following parameters:

- Drying mode with its profile (temperature, time)

- Means of drying process finish mode

- Type of displayed measurement result

- Frequency of printing data from a drying process

9.1. Enabling shortened menu

In order to start drying process with use of shortened menu, disable access to
libraries of drying programs – go to menu group P7 Other, parameter P7 02
Database of drying programs and set it to “0” - disabled).

Database of drying programs disabling procedure:

Press Setup key which opens a
window with groups of parameters.

or

Press navigating arrow keys to set the
cursor next to a menu group P7 Other.

- 45 -

On returning to the main window (with procedure of saving changes) the use
can carry out a drying process after setting the basic parameters for drying a
sample to be tested. There is no need to select a specific drying program from the
database. When setting the parameter Database of drying programs to value 0 –
disabled. The user does not have access to the database records saved in the
moisture analyzer memory.

Press key. The software automatically goes to setting the basic drying
parameters.

9.2. Means of setting drying parameters:

Press Test Menu key which opens a

window with the first step of the drying

parameters of the shortened menu .

Press right arrow navigating key to

enable selection of a drying profile (name
of a drying mode is previewed above the
mode’s graphic presentatio n. The
pictogram denoting drying mode
selection menu is flashing in the upper

left corner of the display)

- 46 -

Press UP or DOWN navigating arrow

keys to select one of available drying

modes: Standard, Quick, Mild or Step.

If selected drying mode is QUICK, then

set the drying temperature and heating
time in temperature exceeded by 30 %
than the actual drying temperature. The
heating time is calculated from the
moment of reaching the set temperature
by the moisture analyzer.
If selected drying mode is STEP, then set
the drying temperatures for thresholds 1
and 2 and the drying temperature and
their corresponding time intervals for
each of the thresholds. The heating time
in each of the thresholds is calculated
from the moment of reaching a set
temperature in each of t he steps.

On selecting appropriate drying mode
press the right arrow navigating key to go
to the following step of drying mode
parameters. Pressing the arrow key
causes appearing of a cursor (black
triangle) next to the first parameter of
selected drying mode (visible on the right
hand side of the drying mode graphic

presentation).

- 47 -

Press right arrow navigating key to
change parameter value (the displayed
value starts flashing)

Press UP or DOWN navigating arrow
keys to select needed parameter value.

After setting the parameter value accept
it by pressing ENTER key (the value
stops flashing).

If a Mild or Step drying mode is selected

then go to other mode settings. If
selected mode is Standard or Quick set

the following criteria of a drying pro cess.

In order to set other parameters of the

drying process press ENTER key. The
software returns to displaying the initial

window.

Press DOWN navigating arrow key to

go to the following step of drying
process determination, i. e. Finish

Mode.

Use navigating arrow keys (procedure
as in case of drying mode selection) to
set one of available finish modes and
determine its parameters.

- 48 -

After setting the Finish mode criteria go

to setting the following parameters of a

drying process.

In order to set other parameters of the

drying process press ENTER key. The
software returns to displaying the initial

window.

Press DOWN navigating arrow key to go

to the following step of drying process

determination, i.e. Result.

Use navigating arrow keys (procedure as

in case of drying mode selection) to set
the type of displayed measurement
result.

- 49 -

After setting the Result criterion go to

setting the following parameters of a

drying process.

In order to set other parameters of the

drying process press ENTER key. The
software returns to displaying the initial

window.

Press DOWN navigating arrow key to

go to the following step of drying
process determination, i. e. Printout

Interval.

The printout interval is a period of time

measured in seconds in which a
moisture analyzers sends current
measurement result to a connected

peripheral device.

After setting the printout interval

criterion the moisture analy z er is
ready to start drying process of a

sample to be tested.

In order to finish setting the drying

mode parameters and go to the
humidity content determining process
press ENTER key. The software
returns to displaying the initial

window.

- 50 -

Once more press ENTER key. The

software does to displaying the main
window in a level which enables
determining humidity cont ent o f a

sample to be tested.

9.3. Means of drying process according to parameters set in the
shortened menu

The left side of the display
presents selected pictogra ms with
set criteria of the drying process.

In order to start the drying process

press Start/Stop button.
The software will display the
following commands aiding
moisture analyzer operation.
Follow the commands to ensure
correct sample preparation and
carrying out of the humidity content
determining process of a sample to

be tested.

The software displays a command
to prepare moisture analyzer’s
drying pan.

- 51 -

Place the disposable drying pan in
its intended holder and place the
assembly on the cross-shaped
support. support. The display
indicates mass of a fitted drying
pan.

In order to ensure stable
measurement conditions it is
recommended to close the
moisture analyzer’s lid before
tarring mass of the drying pan.

Press ZERO/TARE button to tare

mass of the drying pan to moisture
analyzer memory.
Mass indication on the display
returns to ZERO and the following

command appears.

- 52 -

Place a sample to be tested on the
drying pan. Mass of a sample
should be selected according to
previously conducted experiments
and features of the tested
substance.

After stabilization of the indication
(followed by appearing of a stability
pictogram on the display) close the
moisture analyzer’s lid. The
software automatically initiates
drying of a tested sample.

- 53 -

The indications on the display

change and indicate data on
conducted process. The moisture
analyzer automatically carri es out
the drying process with drying
parameters as set in the drying
criteria. The instrument
automatically conducts all needed
mass measurement and calculating
processes resulting from changes
mass of the tested sample.
At the begining of the drying
process the moisture analyzer
sends via the RS 232
communication port a header (in
accordance with pre-determined
printout options – see group of

parameters P6 Printouts).

During the drying process the data

visible on the display is updated and
indicate current measureme nt resul t
(i.e. test time, temperature in the drying
chamber, etc.).
Also, during the drying process the
moisture analyzer automatically sends
data, via the RS 232 communication
port, printed in the line (in accordance
with pre-determined pr int out o ptions –
see group of parameters P6 Printouts)

in pre-set time intervals.

DISPLAY button on moisture analyzer’s

overlay enables switching between

types of measurement result.

After completing the drying process the

moisture analyzer displays a summary
from the testing procedure and locks
indication with final humidity content on
the display.
Additionally, the moisture analyzer
automatically sends data, via the RS
232 communication port, printed in the
footer (in accordance with pre­determined printout options – see group
of parameters P6 Printouts).

- 54 -

10. DRYING PROCESS WITH USE OF DRYING PROGRAM LIBRARY

This section of the user manual specifies in details the procedures for determining a
new drying procedure saved in the memory of the moisture analyzer MAX series..
Each drying procedure contains:

- name

- Profile (drying mode)

- Drying temperature

- Finish mode

- Type of displayed result

- Printout interval of data from a drying process

- Sample size

- Corrective coefficient

10.1. Defining a drying procedure

Use of the databases of drying programs while defining a drying process
requires that they are enabled in the user menu. Go to group of parameters P7
Other, parameter P7 02 Database of drying programs (set parameter value to “1”).

Means of enabling / disabling the parameter is described in point 8.7.2 of this
user manual.

Before starting to operate the database of drying programs it is necessary to
upload moisture analyzer memory with data on testing procedures to be carried out.

Means of setting data in the drying procedures:

Press TEST MENU key which

opens a window with list saved

drying procedures saved in the MAX

memory.

CAUTION:
Entry P00 previews the last used
drying program, or a drying

program selected for drying.

Press UP or DOWN navigating

arrow keys to set the cursor next to

a drying program entry to be filled

- 55 -

with data.

Press RIGHT arrow navigating key

to open an entry with data on drying

program.

The opened window contains data
saved in the sele cted dry ing
program.

Following the means of moving in the user menu and carrying out changes set

required parameters for a drying program.

The parameters need to be set in a way

to ensure correct performance of the drying process and obtaining of the

measurement results.

10.2. Entering name of a drying program

Program name is used for quick identification of a drying procedure, and it may
contain name of the dried product. The name can comprise of maximum 12
alphanumeric characters.

Specifying the name of the dried product considerably aids identifying and
using the saved drying programs with respect to the material to be tested.

Means of entering product name:

Software structure of the moisture

analyzer MAX series enables modi fy ing a
parameter which is activated by placed a
cursor (black triangle) next to its name

(value).

Pressing RIGHT arrow navigating key
causes activating a field for editing the
name. The first character of the name
starts flashing.

Use moisture analyzer’s keyboard or an

external computer keyboard PS/2 type to
enter a new name of the drying program
(e.g. name of a material to be dried).
Entering a new character causes erasing

the flashing character.

- 56 -

After entering the new name accept it by
pressing ENTER key. The last entered
character stops flashing.

After accepting the newly entered name go to setting another parameters of the
drying program.

10.3. Drying mode selection

The moisture analyzer MAX series enables selecting one of four available
drying modes: Standard, Quick, Mild, Step. Each mode is combined with its
corresponding parameters, i.e.: drying temperature and time interval needed to
reach set drying temperature. The selected drying mode should be adequate to the
type of material to be tested. Selecting a drying mode to a sample to be tested is
specified further in this user manual.

Means of selecting a drying mode:

Go to user menu. Use DOWN arrow

navigating key to place the cursor (black

triangle) next to a parameter Profile.

Press RIGHT arrow navigating key to go
to the following window of drying mode
selecting process.

Use moisture analyzer’s keyboard or an

external computer keyboard PS/2 type to
select a drying mode to be used with the

drying program.

After selecting needed drying mode set

other parameters specific for a selected
drying mode – drying temperature and
time intervals in which the drying

temperature should be reached.

In case of the drying mode: Standard set
drying temperature.

Set drying temperature for drying mode

Quick and the heating time in the
temperature which exceeds the default
value by 30 %. The heating time is

calculated from the moment of reaching

- 57 -

the set temperature by the moisture
analyzer

Set drying
temperature
for drying
mode Mild
and time in
which the
moisture
analyzer
should reach
the set
temperature

value.

In Step profile set the drying temperatures

for thresholds 1 and 2 and the drying
temperature and their corresponding time
intervals for each of the thresholds. The
heating time in each of the thresholds is
calculated from the moment of reaching a

set temperature in each of the steps..

After setting the drying mode and the drying parameters go to programming of
another software parameters.

10.4. Drying temperature setting

The drying temperature is a repetition of a parameter given in Drying mode

settings.

Procedure:

Go to software menu. Use DOWN

navigating arrow key to place the cursor
(black triangle) next to a parameter Drying

temperature

.

Use function keys on moisture analyzer keyboard, or an external computer
keyboard, to set needed temperature value. Set the temperature value in
accordance with above specified means of moving in the user menu.

- 58 -

After setting and saving the new temperature value, it is also set to a drying
mode.

10.5. Finish mode settings

Finishing of a drying mode can be carried out as:

- Automatic 1 (change ratio 1mg/10s)

- Automatic 2 (change ratio 1mg/25s)

- Automatic 3 (change ratio 1mg/60s)

- Automatic 4 (change ratio 1mg/90s)

- Automatic 5 (change ratio 1mg/120s)

- Time defined (max. time value 99h : 59min.)

- Manual (on pressing a button)

- Custom (a user should specify change in mass ∆m 0,1-9,9mg over time ∆t

max 2,55sec.

- Custom 2 (a user should specify change of humidity value ∆%M over time
60s)

- Test (intended to select the finish-m ode crit er io n for a tested sam ple)

Procedure:

Go to menu. Use DOWN navigating arrow
key to place the cursor (black triangle)
next to a parameter Finish mode.

The criteria on available settings are described in point ref. to “shortened

drying menu” (see point 9.2).

10.6. Setting the type of displayed and printed measurement result

Depending on user needs, the moisture analyzer MAX series enables setting
the type of displayed and printed result of a drying process. The user can select
between four available settings: %M, %D, %R, g.

Procedure:

Go to software menu. Use DOWN
navigating arrow key to place the cursor
(black triangle) next to a parameter
Result.

If option “Chart” is enabled, then the printed result is %M.

- 59 -

10.7. Setting printout interval

This parameter determines the interval of sending a measurement result on
humidity content of a tested sample.

Procedure:

Go to software menu. Use DOWN
navigating arrow key to place the cursor
(black triangle) next to a parameter
Printout interval.

If option “Chart” is enabled, then the printed result is %M.

10.8. Setting size of a sample to be tested

The parameter determines the need to use a sample of specific mass. The
user can select one of three available options: None, Obligatory, Optional.

Procedure:

Go to software menu. Use DOWN
navigating arrow key to place the cursor
(black triangle) next to a parameter
Sample.

Press RIGHT arrow navigating key to
enter the field for selecting one of
available options.

Use function keys on moisture analyzer

keyboard, or an external comput er
keyboard. Set the sample mass value in

accordance with above specified means of
moving in the user menu.

After setting and saving data on a mass of

a sample to be tested, set another
parameters on a drying process, i.e. on
temperature and finish mode, as required

by enabled drying mode.

- 60 -

In case option Optional is enabled the

user has to enter required sample mass
and tolerance value for the material to be

weighed / dried.

If sample mass option is enabled, the moisture analyzer displays prompts for the
user on placing a required size of a sample to be tested on the drying pan. If a user
neds to dry a sample with different mass, then drying process can be started even if
the mass does not comply with set parameter criterion.

In case option Obligatory, is enabled the

user has to enter required sample mass
and tolerance value for the material to be

weighed / dried.

After selecting this option, the moisture analyzer displays prompts for the user on
placing a required size of a sample to be tested on the drying pan. In Mandatory
option the drying process will not start unless the mass of a sample to be tested
complies with the parameter settings.

10.9. Setting a corrective coefficient

Coefficient correcting drying temperature

Materials of dark colours are affected by the phenomenon of heat absorption. In
such case the tested sample can be overheated, i.e. when drying a dark
coloured sample in a temperature 120

o

C, the sample may absorb heat and heat

up to approximately 135

o

C. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the
coefficient correcting the drying temperature. The process requires using a
control thermometer with a probe (available as accessories for the moisture
analyzer).

Means of determining the corrective coefficient:

1. Program all parameters of a drying process.

2. Spread evenly a sample to be teste d on the drying pan and s tar t dryin g
process.

3. On completion of the drying process note down the drying time

4. Prepare another sample of the same material and spread it evenly on
the drying pan. Prepare a thicker layer of the sample to be tested.

5. Insert the probe of the control thermometer into the tested sample,
press ON/OFF button on the control thermometer

6. Start drying process

7. Monitor the temperature values displayed on the moisture analzyer and
the control thermometer

8. After the time value specified for the first tested sample check both of
the temperature values.

9. Calculate the corre ctive coe ff i c ient usi ng an equati on:

T

measured

– T

set

--------------------------------------------------------

T

set

- 61 -

Procedure:

Go to software menu. Use DOWN
navigating arrow key to place the cursor
(black triangle) next to a parameter
Corrective Coefficient.

Use function keys on moisture analyzer keyboard, or an external computer
keyboard, to set needed coefficient value. Set the coefficient value in accordance
with above specified means of moving in the user menu.

10.10. Restore default setting

The parameter enables restoring the default software settings, as determined
by the software designer.

Procedure:

Go to software menu. Use DOWN
navigating arrow key to place the cursor
(black triangle) next to a parameter
Default.

Press RIGHT arrow navigating key to
display a message for accepting the
restoration of default setting s.

Press ENTER key to restore default value

of all parameters in a moisture analyzer,

as programmed by the software designer.

- 62 -

On restoring the default param eters the

software moves back to the previous
window.

Pressing Esc key abandons restoring of

the default parameter. The software
returns to previous window without saving

changes.

10.11. Printout of software settings

The parameter enables printing all current drying mode setti ngs on a
connected printer.

Procedure:

Go to software menu. Use DOWN
navigating arrow key to place the cursor
(black triangle) next to a parameter Print.

- 63 -

Press RIGHT arrow navigating key causes
displaying a message to confirm printout of
parameters.

Press ENTER key to accept the process.

The moisture analyzer sends data on
drying mode parameter values to a
connected printer, and returns to the

previous window.

------- Software parameters -----­Software no.: 1

Name: Wheat flour 100
Drying mode: Standard
Drying temperature: 120 °C
Finish mode: Automatic 3
Result: Humidity content %M
Printout interval: 30 s
Sample control: No
Corrective coef.: 0.00

----------------------------------------

Pressing Esc key abandons printing of

drying mode settings. The soft ware returns
to previous window without saving

changes.

- 64 -

10.12. Saving drying mode settings in moisture analyzer’s
permanent memory

When determining parameters of a drying mode, all the settings are saved in
the moisture analyzer’s volatile memory. Permanent saving of the settings requires
returning to the main window with procedure of saving changes.

Procedure:

Press Esc key.

The software displays a question on
saving the drying parameters.

Pressing ENTER key causes saving the
changes and displaying a window with the
library of the drying programs.

Pressing Esc key causes returning to
displaying the library of drying programs
without saving the changes.

- 65 -

11. TESTING PROCEDURE USING A DRYING PROGRAM FROM THE

LIBRARY OF DRYING PROGRAMS

A moisture analyzer MAX series enables carrying out a drying process using
programs saved in the library of drying programs. This means of using the device
considerably speeds up the preparation for a testing process, as all the parameters
on drying process of a material are already determined in the program, i.e. the
drying parameters are not set each time before starting a testing procedure of a
material.

The user is able to quickly select a drying program for a substance to be tested
from the library. The program contains all drying parameters for the sample to be
tested. On changing the drying program, the parameters for a drying process also
change.

CAUTION:

In order to enable the libraries of drying programs in the user menu, go to
menu group P7 Other, parameter P7 02 Library of drying programs and set it to
value “1” – i.e. enabled).

The means of enabling the parameter is described in details in point 8 of this
user manual.

Procedure:

Press Test Menu button.

The software displays list of
available drying programs.

Use UP and DOWN navigating

arrow keys to set the cursor (black
triangle) next to a drying program

intended for testing a sample.

- 66 -

Press ENTER key to return to the

main window. The moisture
analyzer is ready to start testing
procedure with programmed drying

parameters.

The upper bar of the display

indicates name of the selected
drying program and its number from
the library of drying programs. O n
the left side of the display there are
pictograms indicating pre-set values
of drying parameters (i.e. drying
mode, temperature, finish mode,

etc.).

The next steps of the drying process are the same as in case of drying process
using a shortened menu (see point 9.3. of this user manual).

- 67 -

12. SAMPLE PREPARATION FOR A DRYING PROCESS

This section of the user manual presents data on obtaining optimum measurement
results from drying a sample to be tested. It lists the principles of selecting drying
parameters in relation to a material to be tested.

12.1. Principles of humidity content determination in a moisture analyzer

Measurement of moisture content in a tested sample is carried out by
determining loss of mass in a sample by its heating (humidity evaporation from a
sample).

RADWAG moisture analyzer comprises two components: a precision balance
and a drying chamber. Compared to standard moisture content determining
methods, the measurements with application of RADWAG moisture analyzer is
much quicker and does not require additional mathematical calculations (a result of
moisture content is previewed on an ongoing basis during product testing process).

Independently on moisture content determining method, the measurement
accuracy is highly influenced by means of sample preparation and selection of
testing parameters, such as:

• Sample size

• Sample type

• Drying temperature

• Drying time

In practice, the measurement accuracy is not as important as the speed of
obtaining measurement result (control over technological process). Thus, heating a
sample (with application of a halogen filament) carried out by a moisture analyzer,
makes the measurement process very time efficient and short. Measurement speed
can be additionally increased by appropriate adjusting moisture analyzer’s
parameters depending on substances to be tested.

Optimum temperature and drying time depend on type and size of a sample
to be tested, and anticipated measuring accuracy. Selection of drying parameters

can only be carried out on basis of test measurements.

12.2. Sampling and preparation

Features, preparation and size of a sample are very important factors
influencing the speed and acc uracy of measurement process.

Means of sampling and preparation are extremely important for repeatability
of measurement results, as a sample should be a representative part of tested
substance.

- 68 -

Final measurement result is vastly conditioned by precise and considered
sample preparation. A sample used for analysis has to represent the total structure
of tested material. Sampling process should determine: sampling means, sample
disintegrating, particle size after disintegration, sample uniformity and other. The
sampling process should be carried out as quickly as possible, so that a sample
does not loose or absorb humidity from surrounding area.

Applied sampling standards should match individual user needs and
requirements of tested material, its consistence and sample size.

Number of samples

Increasing number of tested samples also increases statistic measurement
certainty. Number of samples depends on uniformity of tested material , its purity,
accuracy of applied measuring method and anticipated accuracy of obtained
results.

Material mechanical disintegrating for measurements

Applied disintegrating method should be selected appropriately to tested
material. Substances that are hard and brittle (crisp) can be disintegrated by cutting.
Grinding such substances may cause their heating and thus humidity vaporization,
resulting in unreliable measurement results. Unless a substance can be prepared
for measurement otherwise than grinding, any possible moisture content loss
should be calculated.

Use of high-silica sand

Ensuring optimum substance drying requires that a sample has the largest
possible surface for moisture content vaporization. Test results of moisture content
in substance which surface has a form of a shell (e.g. glucose syrup) or doughy
(e.g. butter), can be much more reliable if a sample is mixed with a dried high-silica
sand (improvement of measurement accuracy and repeatability).

When testing a substance by mixing it with high-silic a sa nd it is recom men ded
to use a disposable drying pan with higher edges due to larger volume of a sample
to be tested).

Grease in a form of paste or melting substances

Such substance requires testing with use of a filter made of glass fiber, which
considerably increases active evaporation surface by separating the substance
between the fiber. Initial filter drying is necessary only in case of measurements
which require very high accuracy.

- 69 -

Liquid substances

It refers to liquid substances, which by creation of drops on their surface,
caused by surface tension, may render difficulties in drying process. In such cases,
it is proved to use a glass fiber filter to shorten measurement time. The filter causes
separating tested liquid around the fibers, and increasing active evaporating
surface. Initial filter drying is necessary only in case of measurements which require
very high accuracy.

Substances with structure of leather or temperature sensitiv e

In case of such substances it is proved to a glass fibre filter. While testing, a
substance is placed on a drying pan, and sample surface is covered with a filter,
which protects the sample from direct heat radiation. In such case, the sample is
heated by convection (which is milder than radiation).

Substances containing sugar

The surface of such substances often may caramelize during testing
procedure. Therefore, it is recommended to use thin layer of a sample, and
moderate drying temperatur e.

Sample distribution on drying pan:

Loose materials

Dried in their natural state, i.e. in their natural form or disintegrated. Sample
disintegration causes smaller dispersion
between the following measurements. Sample
mass should not be too high, and the sample
should be evenly spread on whole surface of
the drying pan.

Liquid substances

Semi-fluid substances are dried in their natural form. Large amount of grease (fat)
occurring in some of substances make moisture content determination difficult. In
such case it is recommended to use additional
components, which increase sample’s active surface
and aid moisture content releasing process from a
sample. such components are high silica sand,
blotting paper or filter. Before drying a tested
substance, initially dry the additional component, so
that its humidity is close to zero.

Solid objects

Depending on solid object’s structure (dense or loose), moisture content
determining process may take short or long time.
The size of solid’s surface determines the speed of
drying process, and measurement reliability. Thus,
the surface of a solid object should be as large as
possible. Since solid objects release moisture
through their outer surface, sample thickness is
another important factor.

- 70 -

13. SELECTION OF DRYING PARAMETERS

13.1. Selecting optimum sample mass

Sample mass influenc es the accuracy of measurement result and measurement time.
Higher mass of a sampl e, causes higher amount of water (moist ure content) which needs to
evaporate, and therefore measurement time is also longer.

Obtaining short measurement time is feasible in case of small sample mass, but
sample mass cannot be too small, as it may negatively influence required measurement
accuracy.

13.2. Influence of sample mass on measurement result repeatability

Sample mass has considerable influence on repeatability of measurement results
obtained on a moisture analyzer. Relation between sample mass and repeatability is
presented in below table.

Sample mass

Repeatability

to 2g

±0,24%

to 10g

±0,06%

over 10g

±0,04%

Data provided in the above table refer to a ideal and uniform sample, and an
assumption, that moisture content has completely evaporated from tested sample during
testing process, and the sample has not decomposed (e.g. humid high-silica sand).

Measurement results are always subject to uncertainty related to a sample and
repeatability of used moisture analyzer. In practic e, it means that obtained meas urem ent res ult
may exceed repeatability values provided above.

13.3. Drying temperature

Drying temperature has the largest impact on drying time. Temperature value depends
on type of dried substance. Too low drying temperature causes too low moisture content
evaporation (under-dried sampl e), and consequently unnecessary extending of m easurement

- 71 -

time. Too high drying temperature causes burning of dried sample (sample overheating,
chemical decomposition). Drying temperature of traditional method (using a furnace) is
specified in applicable industry or company standards. Unless standards apply, then
temperature should be adjusted by tests.

On selecting the value of drying temperature, use the following procedure:

• Determine moisture content in a sample

• Determine temperature of subst ance chemical decompositi on by tests

• Compare result obtained on a mois ture analyzer with the one of traditional

method
When drying a sample with high humidity
content, it is possible to shorten
measurement time by selecting “Step” or
“Quick” drying mode. In such case, the
majority of moisture content is released
when drying temperature higher than set.
Only after some time, the temperature is
lowered to the set value, and maintained
until completing drying process.

13.4. Selecting a drying mode

The software of moisture analyzer MAX series enables selecting one of four

drying modes:

• Standard

• Quick

• Mild

• Step

STANDARD mode

Standard mode is the most frequently used of all
drying modes. It enables accurate determining of

moisture content is a dried sample

.

MILD mode

Mild mode is used in case of drying substances that
are sensitive to rapid heat emitted by filaments
operating at full power in the initial stage of drying
process. This mode prevents from decomposing of
substances sensitive to heat by mild temperature
increase in set amount of time (time interval has to be
selected by tests). Mild mode is recommended to
drying samples of leather structure.

QUICK mode

Quick mode is recommended to drying samples that
moisture content varies from 5%, and 15%. In the
initial stage of Quick m ode, heat ing takes plac e at ful l
power of the filaments, causing heating the drying
chamber to increased temperature (maximum
temperature value is higher by 3 0 % from set drying

- 72 -

temperature). Overheating compensates heat loss during evaporation of large moisture
content in the test’s initial stage.

STEP mode

Enables determining up to three steps with random
drying temperature. Step mode is recommended for
drying substances with moisture content over 15%.
Temperature and heating time in each step have to
be adjusted by tests.

13.5. Selecting drying time

Drying time is set by selecti ng one of available finis h mode criteria. This means t hat a
moisture analyzer must meet pre-set criterion (requirement) (mass over time, time) to
automatically finish the drying mode.

Finish of drying process can occur on elapsing def ined amount of time, independentl y
on loss in mass. This criterion is used for substances that may decompose during drying
process, and their mass does not reach constant value.

The second criterion is loss in mass (less than 1 mg) in defined amount of time.

Automatic finish mode (Auto switch off mode)

The moisture analyzer MAX series enables selecting bet ween various types of finish
modes:

- Automatic 1 (change 1mg/10s)

- Automatic 2 (change 1mg/25s)

- Automatic 3 (change 1mg/60s)

- Automatic 4 (change 1mg/90s)

- Automatic 5 (change 1mg/120s)

- Time defined (maximum drying time 99 hours 59 minutes)

- Manual (on pressing a function key)

- User defined 1 (set mass change ratio m 0,1-9,9mg and time interval t

max 2,55 sec.

- User defined 2 (set moisture content change ratio % M o ve r tim e

- Test (enables adjusting finish mode parameters to a tested sample)

Automat ic finish mode – user defined criterion (mass/time)

The operator determines the limit value for los s of mass and time in which the loss of
mass must not exceed a pre-set value. As the moisture analyzer reaches the set criteri on it
automatically finishes the measurement (drying process ).

Manual finish mode

An operator ends drying process manually by pressing START/STOP button on
moisture analyzer’s display.

Time defined finish mode

Drying process finish tak es place on elapsing a set am ount of time, independently on
measurement result.

- 73 -

13.6. Drying mode analysis

In the first case the drying mode is an asymptote. The h umidity c ontent in
a sample reaches a constant and it does not change after long drying time.
Using this drying mode enables easy obtaining of repeatable humidity content in a
tested sample.
The measurement result refers specifically to the constant asymptote value. It easily
corresponds and it is simple to determin e appropriate finish mode criterion.

The other type of drying mode in its initial stage is carried out rapidly, and later on it
slows down. Humidity content never reaches a constant value. The drying mode in
this case may for m in the fol lo wing way:
The sample demonstrates thermal decomposition. The decomposing is sample
(product) evaporation, and the sample losses weight. The fat, oil, plastics and other
volatile ingredients may cause slower evaporation process than in case of water.
The ingredients that evaporate hard cause decreasing of sample mass.
The measurement result using this drying mode can be optimistic:

• Decreasing temperature may slow down ingredients’ reaction.

• Selecting an appropriate finish mode criterion may enable detecting an

end of the analysis in the described drying point.

• Selecting a constant drying process often ensures very good results.

• Permanent maintaining initial mass of a sample to be tested

(+10%....+20%).

- 74 -

14. COOPERATION WITH A PRINTER OR A COMPUTER

Each pressing of < PRINT > key causes sending to a connected printer
or computer a signal corresponding to current mass indication (display
status) with enabled measuring unit. The default baud rate setting of a

balance is 9600 bit/sec. If a peripheral d

evice (a printer or a computer)
requires other baud rate settings then it needs to be changed in the
moisture analyzer’s menu (see point 13 of this user manual).

14.1. Connecting cables

A balance: slot DB 9/F – a KAFKA printer: slot WM 560

3 (TxD)

1 (RxD)

5 (GND)

3 (GND)

7- 8 shorted

A balance: slot DB 9/F – a computer: slot DB 9/F (if handshake is disabled)

2 (RxD)

3 (TxD)

3 (TxD)

2 (RxD)

5 (GND)

5 (GND)

4 - 6 shorted

4 - 6 shorted

7- 8 shorted

7 - 8 shorted

A balance: slot DB 9/F – a computer: slot DB 9/F (if handshake is enabled)

2 (RxD)

3 (TxD)

3 (TxD)

2 (RxD)

4 (DTR)

4

5 (GND)

5 (GND)

6 (Tara)

6

7 (RTS)

7 (CTS)

8 (CTS)

8 (RTS)

9 (Print)

9

A balance: slot DB 9/F – a computer: slot DB 25/F

2 (RxD)

2 (TxD)

3 (TxD)

3 (RxD)

5 (GND)

7 (GND)

7 - 8 shorted

4 - 5 shorted

6 - 20 shorted

- 75 -

15. LIST OF COMMANDS COMPUTER - BALANCE

Function INTERFACE RESET

Command R CR LF (zeroing currently carried out commands, restoring

factory default settings)

Function SEND ALL IMPLEMENTED COMMANDS

Command PC CR LF (sends information on all commands implemented in

the balance’s software)

Function SEND MEASUREMENT RESULT IN BASIC MEASURI NG UNIT

Command S CR LF (sends result in basic measuring unit on stabilization of

indication)

Function IMMEDIATELY SEND MEASUREMENT RESULT IN BASIC

MEASURING UNIT

Command SI CR LF (immediately sends result in basic measuring unit)
Function SEND MEASUREMENT RESULT IN CURRENT MEASURING

UNIT

Command SU CR LF (sends result in current measuring unit on stabilization

of indication)

Function IMMEDIATELY SEND MEASUREMENT RESULT IN CURRENT

MEASURING UNIT

Command SUI CR LF (immediately sends result in current measuring unit)
Function ZERO BALANCE

Command Z CR LF (zero balance on stabilizat ion of indication)
Function IMMEDIATELY ZERO BALANCE

Command ZI CR LF (zero balance immediately on sending the command , if

possible at the moment)

Function TARE WHEN STABLE
Command T CR LF (tarring balance on stabiliz ation of indicat ion)

Function IMMEDIATELY TARE BALANCE

Command TI CR LF (tare balance immediately on sending the command , if

possible at the moment)

Function GIVE FACTORY NUMBER
Command NB CR LF (sends factory number of a balance)

Function GIVE MEASURING RANGE

Command FS CR LF (sends maximum measuring range (maximum capacity

of a balance in basic measuring unit)

- 76 -

Function GIVE SOFTWARE REVISION
Command RV CR LF (sends software na me)

Function GIVE OR CHANGE DATE IN A BALANCE
Command PD CR LF (causes sending da ta on set date or change s the date)

Function GIVE OR CHANGE TIME IN A BALANCE
Command PD CR LF (causes sending data on set time or changes the time)

Function GIVE ENABLED WORKING MODE

Command PM CR LF (causes sending by a balance a code of enabled

working mode)

Function SEND SETUP
Command PS CR LF (causes sending the complete setup - parameter

printout)

Function “BEEP” SOUND

Command B CR LF (causes immediate activating of beep sound in a

balance)

Function GIVE LAST CODE ERROR
Command ER CR LF (causes sending code of last saved error in a balance)

Function DISABLE AUTOZERO
Command A0 CR LF (causes disabling (switching off) autozero operation)

Function ENABLE AUTOZERO

Command A1 CR LF (c auses enabling (switching on) autozero operation)

Caution!

If a non-existing or incorrect command finished with CR LF is sent to a
balance, it responses with E S CR LF. Spaces between characters should
be omitted, as they are added only for the purpose of proper legibility.

- 77 -

16. USER GUIDELINES

The measurement of relative humidity content of materials to be tested using a
moisture analyzer MAX series is much shorter and simpler if compared to a
traditional method (weighing – drying – weighing – calculating). It is necessary to
remember that it is a different measurement method, this requires an individual
selection of drying parameters to each dried substance, such as:

• Drying temperature,

• Sample mass,

• Drying time.

In case of a series of measurements carried out in the same drying temperature it is
recommended to reject t he factor of the first compl eted measurement – as the meas urement
result can be burdened with an a dditional error related to thermal stabilization of t he drying
chamber and the moisture analyzer.

The sample to be tested has to evenly spread on the whole surface of the
drying pan. Substances of coarse structure has to be disintegrated (crushed or
grind) before measuring their humidity content.

In case of testing humidity content of substances that easily release water it is
recommended to set short sam pling time, and for materials i n which water is bound, set the
sampling time for longer, but selected by carried out tests.

When testing relative humidity content of a sample that while drying forms an
impermeable layer on its surface, it is recommended to use indirect substances,
such as sand, absorbent paper, filters, etc.

ADDI TIONAL EQUIPMENT OF ANALYTICAL BALANCES

1. Anti-vibrating table

2. Thermal printer: KAFKA,

5. External PC keyboard, type PS/2

- 78 -

17. MOISTURE ANALYZER MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIE S

This section of the user manual describes procedures of maintaining a moisture
analyzer MAX series in good condition, and means of replacing faulty components
(filaments, fuses).

17.1. Cleaning moisture analyzer components

In order to ensure required measuring accuracy, the moisture analyzer has to be
used and stored in clean conditions.
While cleaning the moisture analyzer, precautions provided in this section of the
user manual must be obeyed.

REMEMBER, before initiating any maintenance or cleaning
activities of moisture analyzer’s inner parts (including a fuse of
a filament), switch off the moisture analyzer and make sure the
power cord of the moisture analyzer is unplugged from mains!

Open moisture analyzer’s lid and take out all components of the drying chamber:
disposable pan, pan bracket, cross shaped pan handle, drying chamber’s cover,
insert of the drying chamber’s basis.

Clean the moisture analyzer using soft fabrics (diaper, chamois, etc.) and non­aggressive cleaning agents.

Do not use any abrasive agents or solvents to clean the moisture analyzer, as it
may cause damage to the device and its components.

- 79 -

After cleaning, thoroughly dry each of moisture analyzer’s components.
Do not allow any contamination or liquid to fall into the moisture analyzer.

Assembly cleaned and dried components in accordance with above scheme.

17.2. Temperature sensor cleaning

In order to ensure correct temperature measurements during testing procedure, pay
special attention to cleanness of the temperature sensor (1).
Any cleaning activities of the temperature sensor should be carried out while
maintaining special pr ec auti on s.
Temperature sensor should cleaned using a soft fabric with addition of a mild
detergents. Do not use any abrasive agents or solvents, as they may damage the
temperature sensor.

While cleaning make sure not to touch heating fila me nt, as it may damage it.
If necessary it is permissible to clean filament’s shield. Clean the filament’s shield

using a soft and dry fabric only. Do not touch the filament while cleaning the shield.

- 80 -

17.3. Replacing the fuses

If after plugging to mains, a signal diode on moisture analyzer’s display does not
light up (lack of any reaction on the display), then possibly one of the fuses (or both)
is blown.

REMEMBER, before initiating any activities relates to fuse
replacement switch off the moisture analyzer, and make sure
the power cord of the moisture analyzer is unplugged from
mains!

A moisture analyzer MAX series

features two fuses.
Before replacing them unplug the

power cord from the socket located
at the back side of instrument’s
housing.

Tabular fuse ZKT 3.15A T4L

250V protects moistur e

analyzer’s electric circ uit s.

Fuse replacement procedure:

1. Unscrew the fuse base
from its mounting.

2. Take the fuse(s) out of
the fuse base.

3. Replace the fuse(s)
with new one(s).

4. Assembly the fuse
base featuring new
fuses into the
mounting.

- 81 -

17.4. Troubleshooting

Problem: no reaction to pressing main switch on/off key (display remains dark).
Probable cause:

− No voltage in mains

− Damaged power cord

− Damaged fuse of the moisture analyzer

− Moisture analyzer defect

Problem: too long pending time for drying process finish.
Probable cause::

− Selected finish mode of drying process is incorrect. Carry out experimental
tests to select a proper means of finish mode.

Problem: measurements are not repeatable
Probable cause:

− non-uniform sample con tent . Pr epare the sa mple fro m larger amou nt of
substance.

− the drying time is too short. Change testing process finish mode criteria.

− drying temperature is too high, causing sample’s oxidizing. Lower drying

temperature.

− tested sample boils. Lower the drying temperature.

− the temperature sensor is contaminated or defected. Clean the

temperature sensor.

− the workbench on which the moisture analyzer is located is unstable.
Change the location of instrument’s operation.

− - the ambient area is incompatible with the requirements (vibrations, drafts,
etc.). Change the ambient conditions for compatible ones according to the
guidelines of this user manual.

- 82 -

17.5. Error messages

Detecting of an error is signaled by the moisture analyzer by displaying a message
corresponding to the error. The message contains number of the error and a short
description informing on the possible causes of error occurrence.

List of error messages in a moisture analyzer:

Error message

Error

no.

Error description

"Control sum error"

1.1

Error related to data transmission.

"A/D error"

1.2

Converter error.

„AD TcL error” 1.3

The value of A/D divisions of actuator

thermometer = 0 temperature sen sor
defected, return to weighing mode by

pressing ESC key.

AD TcH error 1.3

The value of A/D divisions of actuator

thermometer = 1024 temperature sensor
defected, return to weighing mode by

pressing ESC key.

AD ThL error 1.3

The value of A/D divisions of the

thermometer in the weighing chamber
= 0 temperature sensor defected heating
of weighing chamber shall not start,
return to weighing mode by pressing

ESC key.

AD ThH error 1.3

The value of A/D divisions of the

thermometer in the weighing chamber
= 1024 temperature sensor defecte d
heating of weighing chamber shall not
start, return to weighing mode by

pressing ESC key.

"Range exceeded " 2.1

Maximum measuring range of a balance
exceeded.

"Range exceeded " 2.2

Maximum measuring range of a balance
exceeded.

"A/D Null"

2.3

A/D converter error.

"A/D Full" 2.4

Maximum number of divisions from
converter exceeded.

"Tare/Zero out of range " 2.5

Permissible value of zeroing or tarring
for a balance is exceeded.

"Tare out of range " 2.6

Permissible value of tarring for a balance
is exceeded.

- 83 -

"Result > 10% Max" 2.7

The difference between initial zero value

and the factory value is more than 10 %

from (controlled after zero initiation).

"Result > 4% Max" 2.8

The difference between the start mass

(mass of the drying pan and cross
shaped pan holder) and its value saved
in the memory is greater than 4 % on
moisture analyzer start (moisture
analyzer started with a load on the

drying pan).

"Difference > 1% Max" 2.9

The difference between mass of a

currently measured adjustment weight
and mass saved in balance memory is

greater than (difference >1%).

" Sample mass < 20gm " 2.10

The value of sample mass is below 20
mg.

”Sample mass out of
range "

2.11

Sample mass is below the value

determined in the parameter “Sample –
mandatory” in the database of dr y ing

programs.

„Ref < 1000 Div” 2.12

Value of a reference mass in Percent

Setup mode in smaller than 1000

reading units

„Difference > 20%” 2.13

The adjustment coefficient of the drying

chamber differs from the factor y
adjustment coefficient by more than

20%

"Out of range " 3.1

Parameter value exceeds permissible
value.

"Incorrect value "

3.2

Impermissible parameter value

"Incorrect password "

3.4

"Overwriting error "

4.1

Errors relating to data transmission to a
computer or a printer connected to a
moisture analyzer.

" Parity error "

4.2

" Frameerror "

4.3

"CTS transmission
suspended "

4.4

" XOFF transmission
suspended"

4.5

"Incorrect date "

5.1

Error of date setting.

"Time value exceeded " 6.1

Timeout error for carrying out a given
process (e.g. zeroing).

CAUTION:

If the carried out activities related to dealing troubleshooting or maintenance are
other than expected, please imme diat ely conta ct you loc la RA DWAG dealer or
service point.

- 84 -

18. MEMORY OF CARRIED OUT MEASUREMENTS

A moisture analyzer MAX series enables storing Maximum 100 last carried out
measurements that comprise the following set of data: date, time,
measurement time, name, drying mode, drying temperature, drying time, start
mass, end mass, final result. The measurements are saved in a pile. After
saving over a 100 a measurement in a pile, the record with no. 101 is
overwritten on the record no. 99, and the whole list is moved upwards by one.
It causes deleting the measurement record in position 00. Means of entering
the memory of measurements:

When in main window press Display button on the moisture analyzer’s
overlay.
A window is opened containing list of stored measurement records.

The data is ordered according to its performance schedule. If a
measurement was carried out using the Mode from Database, then next to
the measurement date and time the record displays mode name. in order
to print data place the cursor (black triangle) next to a needed record and
press Setup key.

The detailed data on a measurement is displayed (data order as on a
printout).

In order to print data press PRINT key. The set of data is sent via RS 232
interface to a connected printer / computer.

- 85 -

19. MEANS OF USING A MOISTURE ANALYZER FOR DRYING IN
TEMPERATURE OVER 160

°

C

In case of drying a sample in a temperature ranging between 161°C – 250°C the
maximum time of maintaining the temperature is determined proportionally from the
range: 1 hour for 161 °C – 20 minutes for 250°C.

When drying a sample in temperature 250°C, the maximum temperature value is
maintained by the instrument for 20 minutes, and then the software decreases the
temperature value to 160 °C without stopping the drying process.

Time interval of decreasing the drying temperature from 250 °C to 160 °C is 20
minutes.

In case of drying mode „Quick“ the maximum drying temperature is exceeded by 30
% but its value is not higher than the temperature value set in instrument’s factory
menu.

In case of drying mode „Step“ the maximum time interval of maintaining a set
temperature value in each step is limited to 20 minutes.

User manual no.

LMI-49-05/04/13/A

- 86 -

MANUFACTURER

OF ELECTRONIC WEIGHING INSTRUMENTS

RADWAG WAGI ELEKTRONICZNE

26 – 600 Radom, Bracka Street 28, Poland

Phone. [phone], fax. + 48 48 385 00 10

[e-mail]

www.radwag.com