Radio Shack 16B, TRS-80 System Manual

TRS-80*

Model

16B

Built-in

Hard

Disk

SYSTEM

MANUAL

CUSTOM

MANUFACTURED

IN

U.S.A.

BY RADIO SHACK, A

DIVISION

OF

TANDY

CORPORATION

•

£3

IK|

C«3i

CUSTOMER

OBLIGATIONS

TEH

MS

AND

GC-NDITlOry

OF SALE ANG LICENSE OF

RADIO

SHACK COMPUTER

EOJIPMENT

AND

SOFTWARE:

PURCHASED

FROM

A

RADIO SHAC< COMPANY-OWNED LJOMPLJTFR

CENTER.

RETAIL

STORE

OR FROM

A

RADIO SHACK FHANGHSEE OR DEALER AT

FS

AUTHORIZED

LQCAIDN

LIMITED WARRANTY

CUSTOM EH assume fi.ll

respmsibili

1

*

that mis

Radio

Siask compuia- ha vl

ware

aunchased fthe EquiomAnn, Hnd

anv

copies ol Radio

Shaok

eotwane mcludec rtith the EquipmHn: nr

licensed

separately |tie Saltouc": neeta

ihe

specif

cations, canity, capabiliii

versatility,

and otner rea.u:rumflnfc

of

CJSTOMER.

CUSTOMER

a&Rumgs

fu.

resaonsioi

rty lor thi tuiiLiL-ji a-id HfFan^e.ieRR

of

:he &pera:lnc; enfolronmenl in whin Fhg

Equipment and Sonwa-e

are tn

lunctior,

and lor ts lns;alldt;;i.

II. FtADID SHACK LIMITED

WAflflANTIES AND GDNCITIDNS OF SALE

For a pared oF i-irflhy

(90)

calendar

days frc-m the uato u-l iw Radio

Shao<

sales

cmmen: received uppi

purciase

of :he

EaLipmen:.

RADO

SHACK

warrants

to the anginal CUSTOMER ihn: the

Fquipneni

anc the mec=urn Lpon which tip

Sottware

s sto>-ec is

J

ree iron-:

rnariuFdno.rinn

defects

THIS

WARRANT*

IS

DNIY

APPLICABLE

TO

p

URChlASES DF

RADID

SHACK

FQlflPMENT

BY 1HE ORIGIN*.-.

CUSTOMER

FROM

RADIO SHACK

COMPANY-OWNED

COMPUTER

CENrEHS

RETAL

STORES

AND FROM PADlC SKACK

FRANCHISEES

AND D-ALERS

Af

IIS

AUTHOR"

ZED lOCAMON. ne wa-ranry

is

vg

a"

il

the Equipment's case or cab-iel has ne*n

opened, or if the EciL-pmcnt cm Software

has

Seen

suaiected :o impmpur i:r

?.higrmal

tse. If a

rnaiurac:uilng

delect \a :l Kno^erad

during

:he statcc uairanty ^erinn. ihH

defest-ve

Equipment

rTiLyt \x\

returned

to

a Radio Snask Oonput-ar CHnhr, a Rndin

S^ch

retail

slore, paitieipa:ing Rariin

ShacK

franchises orRadio ShdCkd&alh-

H

or

repair,

a cng with a copy uF the

sales

cpcuneil or lease agreement. Tho nriginal

CUSTOMER'S

sole and cvclusi™

re-nedy

in

the event

of

a delect it

-iriiiRd

rp

the

correction

of me ccrctl by rnpn r.

renkcement,

or

refund

of :hc pusha*e price at

RADIO

SHACKS cectlor a=id salt

Rwpflnse.

RADIO

SHACK has

10 oblivion

In

replace or

repair

expendable itcnt.

RADIO SH^K urate* nu wa-ranty

as 1o tie design. capaoi r^-. sap^ih^. nr

stability

to^ use oHthe S^t™-*.

Hxcept

as

prcvided

ip thi&

paGfiraph

S\±vt?.w

:s

inensea

on an "AS IS" tiHsi*. wkhc-m

wan-^rtv. Th-e

oiigina custom

frs

exclusive

remedy, In the cveriai h

Soltv^rs

-nanufacluriig Jclcn.

y

rts impair

or

replacement

wkhm Ihlry f3D; calHndar

days

of

tne

date

01

Ihc

Htdit-

Shack sato dnriiment

neceiveo

uaon Hucisc d\ thu SnltA-Rne

Tie

detect ve So^a-e sr^ll be rHtLrnHri

to

r

Hacio

Shack Campjic- Canter, r

Hacip

Shack ret il stDre

pariicipatn]

Hacip

Sn&:k tr&n:hisee or Had l- Shack deaRr

alpr-a

whh

the

saes document.

Fxcept

ajs prcvided herein n^ crnpluyaH.

roam,

're.nch see, cealer &r ztticr p&rsun *

duhorized

tc-

aire

anv wariantifi£ nF

inv

rahr^

n

i hEiaf

Of RADID SHACK.

EXCEFT AS

PROVIDED

HEREIN. ^AUlO SHACK MAKES

NO

FXPHrSS

WARRANIIES. AND AN* IMP.

FD

WARRANTY DF WEFCHAMTASILT*

OR

FITNESS

FOR A PAH1 It J_AH

eUHPOSE

IS LIMITED IN ITS DURA I ION

TO

THE

DURATION

OF THE WHIlTEh

IMITEO

WARRANTIES SET

FORTH

HEREIN.

Son-fl

sia.les

do nrt allow I nitatiDiia on how gig &n

inul-ec

rtarran^ -asts, hd tie

abnve

!inrlation(sj

may iidL

jppy

tu

C1JSTDV1FH

III. LFMITATION

OF

UWILIIY

A.

EXCEPT

AS

PROVIDED

HEREIN, RAUO SHACK SHALL HAVF

NO

LIABILITY

OR RESPONSIBILITY

TQ

CUSTOMER OR ANy 0"HEP

PERSON

OR ENTITY W-TH RESFEC TC ANY t

IAHIUTY.

LOSS OR

DAMAGE

CAUSED

DR

Al I

ES-O TO BE CAUSED DIRECTLY

OR

INDIRECTLY

3Y

-EOUIPMENT- DH

"SOFTWARE

:

SOLD. LEASED. LICENSED

OR

FUHN'SHED

BY

RAOiO

SHACK, INC.

-JOINS

BUT

NOT LIUll^D 10 AN7

INTFRRUPTION

OF SERVICE, LOSS OF

SL5INFSS

OR

ANTdPATORY

PHOFTS DP

:DNRFOUENT|AL

0AMA&E5 RESULTING

FROM

THF

USE OR OPERA 11UN OF TH€ 'EaUIPMFNT'

OR

:

SOFTVVARL'

IN NO EVENT SHAt I

RADIO

SHACK HE LIABLE FOR

LOSR OF

PROFTS

OR

ANY INDIRECT, SPFCIAI

:

OR CONSEQUENHAL DAMAGES

ARISlNO

OUl OF ANY tiHEACH OF

THIS

WARRANT

OR IN ^N

v

MANNER

ARISING

OUT OF OR CONNEClED VYPH THE SAL F, I

FASF.

LICENSE,

USE UR

ANTICIPATED

USE OF THE EQUIPMENT" OR SOFTWARF"

NUTV/rHSTANRINC

THE

ABOVE UMITAIIONS AN-D WARRAN'IFS

RADIO

SHAOK"S LIABILITY

HFPF

UNDER FOR D-AMA&ES INCL-PHED BY

CUSTOMER

OR O'HfcKS SHALL NCTE^FFR

THE

AMOUNT PAID DY CUSTOMER KIR

THE

PARTIOUUR

EUUIPMENT"

OF

'

SOFTWARE"

INVOLVED.

H.

HADIO

SHACK

shall

not be iable lor any da.mageK

raised

by delay in c slivering or lumping

Eqi-pment

and-'oc

Softy-ary.

C No action arlsng plI pr any

rl^imec

bn:&ch

cl this WaTant\' or tiansadnns

i.nder

:his

Warmly may ba li^njght

more

:han :wo

\2)

yea's

altfii lha r?.ii^a

c-f

actcn has accrued or mora man F-jjr

t

t

Aj

years

^ter the date or ihc Radin

Shack

s&=es cccLmei

-

lortio

EPLiprie-M

cr

Sph^'ane,

rthicheve^ tirsl occlts.

D. Some states te- nul allow the li-ni:a-ion

or elusion or lntlden:al ui ujns&queniia.

canapes so the auu^e limrtat

m-'s"'

orencusion's'i

mav

k\k apply

to

CUSTOMER.

' '

'

'

IV. RADIO SHACK SOFTWARE

LICENSE

RADIO SHACl giants to CUSTOMER

a

non-exclusive,

pad up heensu :u lhh Fha

HADIO

SHACK Solatia dm tins

cpnputer.

subjeSlo tie

lollawinu

p

1 J viLiianid

A

Fxoept

as nthe^ise prov ded in

this

Snfwire I

ioense,

aoplicable c:pyrlt.ht ^vts Hhall app^

:o the

Softvjarc.

B

1

hie tc- Hie nee jl in un whii:h

tie

Sc-f:^re is reconded (cassctc and-:i

r

di?.ke^e)

c r stored

;

^!OM

\

i^ :ra

islprred

to CUSTOM E

H

, but not :itla ki

:hH

Spf^re.

-

CUSTOMER may use &altwara jm nna

hosi

cpmputsraPD

access that Safhware

rhmn^n

one or iirs:-e ie-:ninala r

:he

Sot'.^re psmlts mis

^nct-c-n.

D.

CUSTOMER

shall no: j&e. mak^ maiuladun?

:

or

reproduce

copies d SoMmrH

sxrepl

lor

use on onfl cpmpubar

^nd

as s

specilicalk

provided

in th s Soltwara

bcanse.

Customer s expressly arohlbi:ad

irom

n

sassemb

mg

the SDtwara.

t. custdmer

is

permitted

to make acd tflia eppias. nf tie

5c^ware

silt

tor bacup or

a^c:h^Rl

pumoses

or i

J

add-tcna c:?:ngH

a-g

required

in

the operation o( ane computer wlh ^ha

Spfw&re, but only to ihe extent tie

Software

allocs a oackup rnpy tp

be made Hawcrer lor

RSDOS Sonware,

CUSTOMER

is permitted to ma=« a lliint&d numbflro^

additional copies Fnr

CUSTOMER'S

cwn use

F.

CUSTOMER

may

resell

pr

distrlbLte

unmadili&J cnpi&s

o

J

tie

Sottvme

prcvided CUSTOMER

has

purchased

ope sopy <ii fie

Square

tor

each

ooe sold or dlslrlau:ed. The prav RinnR nf

nis

Software Lcense shall ayu La

appiicaue

to third parties reviving

crjaies

of me SoTv^a.-e Tiem

u JST"C MER.

G. Al

copyright

not-ces shal be

retained

on a « copies nF tip

Software.

V. APPLICAAlUrr DF WARRANTY

A. The terms and eoncitipriE tf ^hiR Warranty

are

applicable as benv/eei RADIO

SHACK

^d CUSTDMEH Id ahhar

^ sale

of

the Equlpracnl aid.-er

SoFtware LkiunRB

m

CUSTOMER

or tp a :nnsac:lon -whereuy RADIO

SHACK

sels ar coneys Rurh

F^uipment

tp a mird party

tor

Iwse

:o

CUSTOMER,

B. The llmtations of lianil-fy

anc Warranty

provsions

herein shall Inure-

:&

Ihe

beietil

of RADIO SHACK thg

ariion owner and-"o- TriKgr

o

J

tne

SnFtwene

and any manulajcturer of the EqLipm&r sold hy

RADIC

SHACK.

VI. &TATI LAW

RIGHT*

tiw

Y/arrantsBs

granted

heren

give ihe Drtrjlnil

CUSTOMER

spucflc:

*c.al

rights,

anc :he wi^iiBl

CUSTOMER may have- uthsr

rights

wh

ch

vary

frpn

state to state

II

3DnWE

W:J

^M&^k

The FCC

want*

you 1o know . .

Warnng: This

onuiixnert

generates usod

ertf

<:an radale

radio

ireq^ency

erergy

and if not nsta

led and

usee n

S^icl

accordance w=rPi I

he

rsyuc: ens

rranuai,

ray

uause

interference

to ranio

communications.

It has beer

'es'.ed

and

has

jjeen tounc to comply

with 1

r,

e

limits

m- a Clasft A

sornpL.tirto

device

p^rsuanl to

Subpart

j yt part

15

of l~CC

Rules, whi^h

are

resigned to

prnvae

easuiatie

p'o

lec-'ion

against such

nte'terercc

-A-r-en

cr/i£!Htec ir

^

commerda:

envronnont.

OperaUc-r

ot this oqJpnenl r

a

rcsioential

area s likely To

cause

=r-=terterence

in wh oh ease

the

user

aths own expense w«l

toe

requ red to take what-

ever

nnoasLj-es

ff'ay be

required

to cryreol

the interference.

TRS-XENIX

Operating

System:

Copyright

19B2 Microsoft.

All flights Heservftd.

Licensed to Tandy

Corporation

THSDOS 2.0b

Operating System:

Copyright 19B0 Tandy

Corporation.

AjI I Rights Hessrvad-

TRSDOS-H

Operating System

:

Copyright

1962

Tandy Corporation-

All

Right*

Heserved.

BAStC

Software:

Copyright 1BB0

Microsoft.

All Rights

Ragorved-

Licensed

to Tandy Corporation.

TRS-&D

15-Meg Built-in

Hard

Disk System

—

Raad Ma

First

Manual:

Copyright

19B3 Tandy

Corporation

AH Rights Resarvad.

Reproduction

or use,

wiviou'

express writer

rjeiTisy.ori

'mm

Tandy

Corporation

of

any portion of this m^nua

5

pron-bitec.

Whi e reasonable

effods

have been :a^on n

the

praoaratio-i

t>1 -h s manual

:o

assure

its accu

r

acy.

Tandy

Corpo-atior

a&sjmes no l-ability

'e&ul'-ng

l

r

um any errors

or omissions : n

tb

9 manual, or from

the

use

0^

ihe

informa-

tion obtained

he'air,

INTRODUCTION

About

Your System

Cong

fat

u

-anions

on your

purchase

of the TRS-80* 15-Meg Built-in

Hard

Disk

System.

This

is

a

computer

system

with

a buit-in mass

storage device. YouT find it to be a

valuable

tool which

gives

you

more

information

storage

and faster

data

retrieval

than ever before

with a TRS-30 System. And with Radio

Shack's large

selection

of

peripherals you can expand your system to include printers

:

a

second

hard disK

graphics

options, and more.

The Hard Disk System

soecial

features he

ude:

•

Maximum storage caoacity of 15 megabytes (per

drive).

5- M bits/second data

transfe

r

rate which is at least 1Q times

faster man

floppy

diskettes.

•

Environmentally sealed head and ciisk chamber

for

safer

data

storage and longer disk life.

* An

enhanced floopy

diskette

data

storage format

:hat lets you

store move information on an

8"

diskette than ever

before.

About This Manual

This

manual

contains the information you need to get

started.

It

explains

the

various

oarts

of

your system,

h

.ne different :ypes of

disks, and how to insta I your system.

It

also

shows

how to operate

the

System,

load a

program,

and use some of the more helpful

commands, in addition, it

also exp

:

ains

some

terms

you need to

know.

Since

this

is

a ''getting-star:ed

:

"

manual, it does not describe all

the

optional

features

availaole with

eacn command.

For

cornp'ete

information on eaoh command, refer to the programming

manuals.

Notational Conventions

Tne

following

conventions

are

used to show syntax in this

manual:

CAPITALS

Any words or

charae'ers

wnich

are

uopercase

must be typed in

exactly

as they appear.

lowercase Italics

Fields shown in ower case

it

a ics

are variable

information

that you

must substitute a

value

for.

(Keyboard:

Any

word

or character

contained

within a box represents a

keyboard key to be pressed.

*

Ellipses

indicate

that a

fie

d

entry

may be reoeated.

fitespec

A field shown as a

filespec

indicates a standard

TRSDOS

file

specification

of the

form:

fiiename/exLpas5WQrd:d(disk

name) Note

that with

the

Built-in

Hard

Disk

System,

d (Drive) can be any

number between

0-7.

punctuation

Punctuation

other than ellipses must be entered as shown.

delimiters

Commands must be

separated

from their

operands

by one or

more

b'ank spaces. Multip'e

operands,

where allowed,

may

oe

separated

from each a-

her

by a

comma,

a comma followed by

one

or more blanks, or by

one

or

more

blanks. Blanks

and

commas

may

not appear within an

ooerand.

TABLE

OF

CONTENTS

Section

1/

Installation

and

Power

Up

1

,-

Installing

your Built-in

Hard

Disk

System

5

Your

Equipment

6

Installing

Your

System

g

Instating

Peripheral

Equipment

10

2/

About

Disks

and

Programs

13

Types

of

Disks

-13

Disk

Format

and

Piles

-?5

oerating

Systems and

Application

Programs

15

3/

Power-

Up/

Power-

Down

17

Powering

Up zr\&

System

'"'

17

Powering

Down

20

E^ror

Messages

20

Section

11/

Hard

Disk

Control

4/ Hard

Disk

System

Preparation/TRS-XENIX

21

5/

Ha

r

d Disk

System

Preparalion/TRSDOS-ll

23

Preparing

Your

Primary

Hard

Drsk

23

Preparing

Your

Secondary

Hard

Diyk

"

24

Preparing

TRSDOS

Aoplication

Programs

26

Copying

TRSDOS-II

Programs

onto a Hard

Disk

26

Creating

a Backup

Liorary

25

Running

TRSDOS-II

Programs

Under

Hard

Disk

Control...

26

Section

IN/

Floppy

Diskette

Preparation

6/

Backing

Uo TRSDOS-II

and

TRSDOS

?.Cto

27

Backing

Up

Your

TRSDOS-II

Systems

Diskette

27

Backing

Up Your

Thinline

TRSDOS

2.Db

Diskette

28

Tips

on

Safeguarding

Data

30

7/

Using

TRSDOS

Programs

31

Preparing

TRSDOS

Programs

31

Removing

and

Swapping

Diskettes

33

Formatting

Diskettes

33

8/

Sample

Session

35

Section FV/

Maintenance

and

Appendices

9/

Maintenance

37

Care of

Floppy

Diskettes

37

Floppy

Diskette

Drive

Maintenance

38

Secondary

Hard Disk

Drive

Maintenance

38

Appendices

A

/

Problems

and Error

Messages

39

B/The

BACKUP

and

SAVE/RESTORE

Utilities

""."!!!!."

47

C

/'Graphics

Codes

5g

D

/

Specifications

gg

E

/

Quick

Reference

Chart

67

F

/

Keyboard

Code Map

'

qq

SECTION

1/

INSTALLATION

AND

POWER-UP

CHAPTER

1:

INSTALLING

YOUR

BUILT-IN

HARD

DISK

SYSTEM

This

chapter shows

you

how

to install

your Built-in

Hard

Disk

System.

Built-in

Hard

Disk

System

Console

and Keyboard.

Your

Equipment

Carefully

unpack

the

Built-in

Hard

Disk

system

and

make

sure

you

have

the

following

items:

Display

Console

Keyboard

Power

Cord

You

should

also have

these

programming

manuals:

•

TRS-XENIX

Operations

Guide

•

TRSDOS-II

Reference

Manual

(includes

addendum)

•

BASIC

Reference

Manual

On all

hard

disk

units,

flaws

in

the

media

are

identified

before

the

disk

drives

are

delivered

to

you.

Attached

to the

inside

the

access

panel

on

the back

of

your

display

console

or

the

bottom

of

your

Secondary

Hard Disk

Unit (if

you have

one)

is

a

DISK

FLAW

RECORD

which

specifies

the

errors

on

your

particular

unit. Do

not

throw

this

map

away!

You

may

need

to refer

to it

when

formatting

the

disk

and

Radio

Shack

service

technicians

may

need

to refer

to

it if

your drive

ever

needs

servicing.

find

these floppy

diskettes:

At the

front

of your

manuals,

you'l

•

TRS-XENIX

Systems

Diskettes

(3)

•

TRSDOS-II

Systems

Diskette

with

BASIC

Interpreter

•

Thinline

TRSDOS

2.0b

Diskette

with

BASIC

Interpreter

(Chapter

2

explains

how

to

prepare

diskettes

for

information

storage.

Diskettes

must

be

handled

carefully,

so

read

Chapter 2

before

you

use

your

diskettes.)

Note:

Your

system

may

also

include

an

optional

secondary

stand-alone

hard

disk

drive

unit

(Drive

5)

and/or

a floppy

diskette

expansion

unit

with

up

to two

drives

(Drives

2 and

3).

These

units

are

optional

extras.

Save

the

packing

materials

in

case

you

need

to

transport

your

system.

About

Your Equipment

Power

Light

Drive

4

Drive

Display

Console

Drive

Light

Drive

Latch

Reset

Button

Keyboard

Reset

Button

—

Repeats

the

power-up

sequence.

Power

Light

—

Lighted

when

the

system's

power

is

on.

Never

move

the

unit while

lit.

Drive Light

—

Never

remove

a

diskette

when

the

drive

light

is

on.

Contrast

Power

Brightness

CTRL

CAPS

Function Keys

Numeric Keypad

SHIFT

ENTER

These

keys

are

not

affected

by

[SHIFT)

. CLOCK)

.

(CAPS)

—

When

the

(BBS)

light

is

on,

(CAP?)

sends

only

capital-letter

codes

for

the

alphabet

keys.

It

does

not

affect

other

keys.

Press

(CAPS)

once

to turn the

caps-only

mode

off

or

on.

(SHIFT),

(LOCK)

—

Lets

you in

put

capital

letters

and

shift

punctuation

symbols.

Hold

down

(SHIFT)

while

pressing

the

desired

key

or

press

the

(

LOCK

)

once

(the

red

light

comes

on).

When

the

CLOCK)

light

is

on,

on ly

shifted

characters

are

output.

To

release

CLOCK)

press

(SHIFT)

Nu

meric

Keypad

or

(CAPS)

(RPD

—

Repeats

a

character

continuously

when

held

down

at the

same

time

as

another

key.

To

determine

the

uses

of

other

keys,

see

your

program

manual.

Optional

Equipment

If you

have

peripheral

equipment,

such

as an

optional

stand-alone

secondary

hard

disk

or

printer,

follow

the

instructions

in

"Installing

Peripheral

Equipment"

and

the

manual(s)

supplied

with

the

equipment.

Visit

your

Radio

Shack

Computer

Center

to

learn

about

the other

equipment

you can

use

with

your

Built-in

Hard

Disk

System.

8

Installing

Your

System

Improperly

Connecting

or grounding

the

System

exposes

you to

the

danger

of electrical

shock.

It also

endangers

your System

and

data. Follow

these

installation

instructions

carefully.

1.

Place

your Built-in Hard

Disk

System near

a grounded, 120

VAC,

3-prong

outlet that

does not

power

heavy

machinery,

copiers, or office

machines

with

defective

switches,

(or

use

a

grounded power

strip such

as Radio Shack's

Plug-In

Power

Strip.)

2.

Make

sure all equipment

is

turned off.

3.

Connect the

keyboard's

built-in

cable

to the

display

console.

4. Plug

the power

cord into the

back of the display

console.

5.

Plug

the power cord directly

into

the outlet or

grounded

power

strip specified

in Step 1.

Installing

Peripheral

Equipment

You

can use

other Radio

Shack

equipment

(such

as

a

printer, a

secondary

hard

disk

or

a

floppy

diskette

expansion

unit) with

your

Built-in

Hard

Disk System.

To

install

such

equipment,

refer

to

the

following

instructions

and

the

manual(s)

supplied

with the

equipment.

Externally

Connected

Peripheral

Equipment

Serial

I/O

Connectors

External

Peripheral

Equipment

Connections.

Parallel

Printer

Connector

—

Used to

connect

Radio

Shack

parallel

printers.

Make

sure

the

printer cable

exits

the

bottom

of

the

connector.

Serial

I/O

Connector

—

Used

to

install

serial

equipment

such

as

serial

line

printers,

modems,

and

data

terminals.

When

connecting

a

DB-25

type

cable,

fit the

cable

connector

to

your

Built-in

Hard

Disk

System's

connector.

Internally

Connected

Peripheral

Equipment

The floppy

diskette

and

hard

disk

expansion

connectors

are

behind

the

Input/Output

Access

Panel on

the

back

of

your

Built-in

Hard

Disk

System.

Floppy

Diskette

Expansion

Connector

—

Used

to add

floppy

diskette

storage

devices,

such

as

the

Thinline

Disk

Bay.

Instructions

for

connecting the

cable

are on

the

next

page.

Hard

Disk

Expansion

Connectors

—

Used

to

add

an

optional

secondary

hard

disk.

Your

system has

these

connectors

only

if the

system

has a

built-in

hard

disk.

Instructions

for

connecting

the

cables

are on

the

next page.

The

illustration

on

the

next page

shows

the

floppy and

hard

disk

expansion

connectors

with cables

attached.

10

Lebw

3

Inchej

of

CflWe

Strain Ftalitf

Bracket

HflixJ Disk

Expansion

Connsctor

Ac«ss

Panel

Notches for

FJoppy Diskatta

Cablei

Expansion

Connector

1.

Remove

the

access panel by

loosening

the

thumbscrews.

2.

Attach -he

cables

[hat are

included

with your

expansion

unit

to

the

appropriate

connector.

Connect

the

34-pin

Secondary

Hard

Disk

Expansion

Cable

Connector to

the

34-pin snap-in

connector on

the

edge of the

P.C.

board.

Also

connect

[he

20*pin

Data

Cable Connector

to the

20

-pin

snap-in

connector

on the edge of

f

he P.C.

board.

If

you are connecting

a Fbopy Disk

Expansion

Unit

attach [he

connector

on one end of

The cable

to the 50-pin

connector

on

the chassis.

Connect the

other

end

ot

the

cable

to the

Expansion Unit.

Position

all the

Built-in

Hard Disk

internal

connectors

so that

the

cables

exit from the

bottom.

3.

Remove

the

strain relief

^rackets

from the

access

panel. Run

the

cables

downward

through the

,:

strain

reliefs

11

nearest

to

the

cables,

leaving

about

8

inches

of

cable

between the

strain

relief

and the

computer.

4.

Replace

the

strain relief

brackets

and run the

cab

!

es through

the

notch in the

computer

base.

5.

Replace

the

access

panel

and tighten

the

thumbscrews.

Also,

the Hard

Disk

Drives

in

your

System

must

always contain

a

Line Terminator.

Check

with your

Radio

Snack

Computer

Center

for

details.

77

CHAPTER

2:

ABOUT DISKS

AND

PROGRAMS

Computers can

store

informal en in two ways:

Temporari

y,

in

memory

(turning :ne

computer

off erases

mcmo

f

y)

Permanently, in a

storage

device

Disks are one of

the

best borage devices available because of "he

way

the

system

can organize and index informa::on

on

[hem.

Types

of

Disks

Yolt Bui t-in Ha

r

o Dis-< System can i_.se two :ypes of disks:

•

Fopoy diskettes

—

Your 3-uilt-in Hard Jsk System has one

buih-in fbopy drive

(Drive

0)

and other

peripheral

floppy

diskette d'ves can

be

added

•

Hard disks

—

v

our Built-in Hard Disk System has one bui t-in

hard disk dnve (Drive £) and anc:her

oeripherai

secondary

hard disk

drive

can

oe added

(Drive

5).

Floppy

Diskettes

Fopoy

dis^elley

are

convenient

and

inexpensive. The

term

"floppy

1

'

neans *ne diskette oencs

if

mishandled.

Care of floppy

diske;tes

is discusseo

laler

in

this

manual.

"l

nere

are two

lyoes

oi I

loopy

diskettes

you

can

use

with

your

Built-in Hard D 2k System:

• Single

sided diskettes can store around 50Q 000 bytes of

information,

•

Double-sided

diskettes can store twice as much in

tor

ma

Li

on

because

they

use

both

sides.

13

Label

Sector Hole

Do

Not

Touch

14

Label

—

After placing a label

on

a

diskette,

write

on

it with

a

felt-tip

pen only.

(Currently,

Radio

Shack

diskettes

are labeled

as

single-

or double-sided.

If a diskette

is

not

labeled,

it is an

older,

single-sided diskette.)

Write-Protect

Tab

—

To

change

information

on a

diskette,

you

must write

enable the

diskette.

Do this

by

covering

the

write-protect notch with

one

of the

gummed-foil

tabs provided.

You

cannot change a diskette's

information

if

the

write-protect notch

is

uncovered.

Sector Hole

—

It is

off-center

on double-sided

diskettes.

Keep

diskettes away

from

dirt,

pressure,

magnetic fields,

and

excessive

heat

and sunlight.

Do

not

bend them.

(See

Chapter

9,

"Maintenance.")

Hard Disks

Unlike

floppy diskettes, hard

disks

cannot

be

removed

from

their

drives.

Hard disks are

sturdier, faster, and store

more

bytes of

information.

External

Drive"

Disk

Format

and Files

You

can store programs and then easi-y

retrieve

and

run

them

because of the

efficient

way

your

operating

system

organizes

information on disks. The two

carts of

disk organization are:

Disk

Format

•

Disk

Pies

Formatting

prepares

disks =or information

storage.

It

elides disks

info

the parts of a

,:

filing

:

'

system:

cylinders,

tracks, s.ectors,

and

bytes.

II

also

creates a directory on

eac'i

cHsk.

You

can store information on

formatted

disks

only.

Any disk that

contains an

application

program or operating system

is

already

formatted.

The

blank diskettes you buy in a

Radio

Shack Computer Center

are

not

formatted.

To

format

a data diskette

:

follow

the

steps under

"Formatting Disks

11

in Chapter

7.

'Topoy

D

:

skeite System

Preparation.

,:

Disk

Files

&re

similar

to

=

he files in a file cabinet.

They

can

contain

whatever you put in

them

programs, cata

:

information

and

each fie has a different name.

Disk

files

usuaily

are created

through

an application program.

Operating

Systems

and

Application

Programs

Operating

systems

are

programs

that enab

:

e you

to

operate

a

computer.

They let you manipulate

and

s'ore data, contro

peripheral

and

use application programs.

Application

programs

heip

you perform tasks

such

as

bookkeeping, word

processing,

and program

develooment.

Operating Systems

Your

system comes with three

operating

systems:

•

TRS-XENIX

TRSOOS-II

•

TRSDOS 2.0b

All

application

programs mus:

be

run

with one of these operating

systems

in

Drive or on Drive

4.

To

determine

which ooerating

system your apolieation

program uses

:

check:

Application

manual

Diskette label.

The

laoel

identifies

a TRS-XENIX,

TRSDOS-II,

or

TRSDOS

application program. If

a system is no: given, you

have a

TRSDOS

apolication.

To

learn more about your

operating

systems

:

see the

appropriate

manual:

TRS-XENIX

Operations Guide

TRSDOS-II

and

TRSDOS

—

TRSDOS-II

Reference

Manual

15

Application Programs

Your

system

comes

with one

application program, BASIC.

BASIC is a TRSDOS-II/TRSDOS program (it runs under TRSDOS

and

TRSDOS-II).

This application

program

lets

you write

programs

in BASIC

(Beginners'

All-Purpose

Symbolic

Instruction

Code).

To learn more about

your

applications

programs, see the

appropriate

manual;

BASIC

—

BASIC Reference Manual

16

CHAPTER

3:

POWER-UP/POWER-DOWN

Always turn your Built-in

Hard Disk

System

on and

off exactly as

described in this chapter. Any

change

in

the

sequences might

damage the

system

and

data.

You

can use your Built-in Hard Disk System in

two

ways:

under

hard

disk control or under

floppy

diskette control. Because

hard

disk

operation is more

efficient,

you'll probably operate

under

hard

disk

control

most

of the time.

Until

you

have

prepared your hard disk

(Chapter

4

or

5),

you must

operate under

floppy

diskette

control.

Powering

Up the System

1

.

Make sure all diskette drives are

empty

and

all

equipment is

off.

2. Turn on the

System

by

pushing

the power switch forward.

Built-in Hard Disk Drive

4,

Floppy Disk

Drive

and the

Secondary Hard Disk Drive if

present,

will

be

turned

on

automatically. Allow

1

minute warm-up

for

the hard

disk

drives.

3. Turn on any other

peripheral

equipment.

Hard Disk

Control

After

you

have initialized

your

hard

disk by storing your

operating

system on it,

the

system

will

go to Drive 4 first, and automatically

load

the operating system. You

can

then begin

using

your system.

Floppy

Diskette

Control

To

operate under floppy diskette

control

press

ffiPT)

(BREAK) during

the

ll

white-out" of the video

display. The

message

INSERT

DISKETTE is displayed to

indicate

that

you

are

operating under

floppy

diskette control.

If INSERT DISKETTE

is not displayed

or the hard disk operating

system does not

load:

•

Press the

reset button.

•

Then

press

(BED

(BREAK) .

•

Adjust the

brightness

and

contrast controls,

•

Turn off all

peripherals and then

turn off

the

System and

check all

connections.

•

See

Appendix

A,

"Error

Messages."

When INSERT

DISKETTE

is

displayed,

turn

on any peripheral

equipment.

17

Inserting

a

Floppy

Diskette

1. Power up your Built-in Hard Disk

System and press

(RPD

(BREAK) The "INSERT

DISKETTE"

message

will

be

displayed.

2.

Make sure the

drive

latch

is in the

vertical

position.

Drive

Drive Latch

3. Carefully insert the

TRSDOS-II

operating

system

diskette

into

Drive

0,

with the label facing

the

display.

Push the diskette

into the slot

until

it locks

into

place.

NOTE:

To make

a Backup

of the

supplied

TRSDOS

2.0b and

TRSDOS-II

Diskettes

see

Chapter

6.

4.

Rotate the drive latch clockwise

until

it locks into

a

horizontal

position. After a few

seconds,

the

start-up

message,

which

is

shown below, appears on the

display.

Note:

Never

turn the

System on

or off when

a

diskette is in

a

drive.

Doing so can destroy

your

data.

78

Enter

the

date

in

the

format

displayed

on

your

screen.

For

example,

for

September

1, 1983, type:

09/01/1983

(HUH)

To skip

the

ENTER TIME

prompt

now

on

your

screen,

press

(ENTER)

.

This

starts the

time

at 00.00.00.

Or,

enter

the

time in

the

displayed,

24-hour

format

(seconds

are optional).

For

example,

2:30 p.m.,

type:

14.30

fENTEfi)

Your

screen

shows:

TRSDOS-II

Ready

This

message

indicates

that

TRSDOS-II

is ready

to

accept a

command

or

load

an

application

program.

If,

instead

of the

above

start-up

message:

• An

error

message

is

displayed,

see Appendix A,

"Error

Messages."

•

The

message

NOT

A

SYSTEM

DISKETTE

is

displayed,

remove

the

diskette.

Correctly

insert an

operating

system

diskette

into Drive

0. Press

the

reset

button.

•

No

message

is displayed

within

30 seconds,

you

probably

inserted

the

diskette

incorrectly.

Remove

it and

go back

to

Step 2.

19

Removing

a

Floppy

Diskette

1

.

Make

sure

the

drive light

is

off.

Drive Light

Off

2.

Rotate

the

drive

latch counterclockwise until it is

in the

vertical

position.

The

diskette

pops

partially

out

of the

drive.

3. Carefully remove the diskette

from

the

drive, making

sure its

shiny

surface

does

not touch

anything.

Put it

back

into its

storage envelope.

Powering

Down the

System

1

.

Make sure

all

the floppy

drives

are empty.

2. Turn off

all

peripheral

equipment

(Secondary Hard

Disk Drive

will be

turned

off with

the System).

3. Turn off

the

system

by pushing

the

power switch back.

Error

Messages

Whenever

you type

a

command

incorrectly or

try

to use

it

in

the

wrong

way, the Built-in Hard Disk

System

notifies

you with

an

error

message. If

the

error

occurred

simply

because you

mistyped

the

command,

try

typing

it again.

If

you still

get

the

error,

refer

to

Appendix

A, "Problems

and

Error

Messages."

It contains

a description

of the

causes and

appropriate action for each error.

20

SECTION

11/

HARD

DISK

CONTROL

To

use your hard disk, you

must

first

prepare it.

How

you do this

depends

on what programs

you

will

run under

hard

disk

control.

•

TRS-XENIX

programs

—

Programs

that

run

under

the

TRS-XENIX,

multi-user

operating

system. (Multi-user

means

that

more than

one

person

can use the

operating

system at

the

same

time.)

•

TRSDOS-II

or TRSDOS programs

—

Programs

that

run

under

the

TRSDOS-II

or

TRSDOS,

single-user

operating

system.

You

cannot run both TRS-XENIX

and

TRSDOS-II/TRSDOS

programs

under the same

operating

system. You

must select

one

operating

system or the other!

Customers with

TRS-XENIX

programs:

Prepare

your primary

hard disk for

TRS-XENIX

programs

(Chapter

4).

Customers

with

TRSDOS-II/TRSDOS

programs:

Prepare

your

primary

hard disk

for TRSDOS-II/TRSDOS

programs (Chapter

5),

Customers

with both TRS-XENIX

programs and

TRSDOS-II/TRSDOS

programs:

most

TRS-XENIX

programs

will

run only

under

hard

disk control,

whereas

TRSDOS-II/TRSDOS

programs will

run

under both

hard

disk

oontrol

and floppy

diskette

control.

(Exceptions

are a few

hard

disk

TRSDOS-II

programs

that

will run

only

under

hard disk

control.)

We

recommend

you

prepare

your primary hard

disk for

TRS-XENIX

programs

(Chapter

4).

Then,

run your

TRSDOS-II/TRSDOS

programs

under floppy

diskette

Control (Chapter

7).

CHAPTER 4: HARD

DISK

SYSTEM

PREPARATION/TRS-XENIX

Your TRS-XEN1X

Operations

Guide describes

the

features

and

concepts of TRS-XENIX. It also

explains

in

detail

how

to

start

up

TRS-XENIX on your hard disk system.

This

chapter

summarizes

what you need to do to get started. It

also tells

you

where

to

look

in

the

TRS-XENIX

Operations Guide for

specific

instructions.

If

you

have

decided

to

prepare your hard

disk

for

TRSDOS-H/TRSDOS

programs,

skip

this chapter.

Preparing Your Primary

Hard Disk

If

you have used your hard disks before, be sure to save any

important files to floppy diskettes before installing TRS-XENIX. A

page at

the

front

of the

TRS-XENIX

Operations

Guide titled

"IMPORTANT"

describes

how

to do this.

To begin using TRS-XENIX

;

you must format the primary hard

disk

using

the diskuttl program.

This

program automatically starts the

TRS-XENIX

installation

procedure which moves

the operating

system to the hard disk,

Directions

for formatting the hard

disk

and

installing

TRS-XENIX

are

given

in

Chapter 3 of the TRS-XENIX

Operations Guide.

Note: The diskutil program will prompt

you

for

this information,

Your 15-meg hard disk has 6 heads and 306

cylinders.

Preparing

Your Secondary Hard Disk

Read

Chapter 10 of the TRS-XENIX Operations Guide for

instructions

on using the Secondary Hard Disk with TRS-XENIX.

Note: This disk cannot be write protected by use of

the

write

protect switch.

Transferring

TRSDOS-II Files

to

TRS-XENIX

You can transfer

TRSDOS-II

4.x

files

to

TRS-XENIX

using

the

TRS-XENIX tx command. Files stored on

TRSDOS

2.x

must

be

FCOPYed to TRSDOS-II 4.x before they can be

transferred.

Appexdix E of the TRS-XENIX Operations Guide

explains

how

to

transfer files to TRS-XENIX.

Creating Backups

Through operator error,

power

failure

or other

accidents, you can

lose information stored

on

hard

disk. To prevent the

loss

of a

day's, weeks, or even

month's work,

keep

up-to-date copies of a!)

the

files that are on your hard disk. Chapter 7 of the TRS-XENIX

Operations Guide describes the backup procedure.

21

CHAPTER

5: HARD

DISK

SYSTEM

PREPARATION/TRSDOS-II

Preparing

Your

Primary

Hard

Disk

(Drive

4)

This

chapter shows

how

to

prepare

your

hard

disk

for

TRSDOS-II/TRSDOS

programs.

If you

have

prepared

your

hard

disk

for

TRS-XENIX

programs,

skip

this chapter.

Copy

Your

Hard

Disk

Files

If you

have

stored

information

on

a

hard

disk,

use

the

SAVE or

MOVE

command

(see your

TRSDOS-ti

Reference

Manual)

to

make

copies of

the files.

Use FORMAT

to initialize

When

the

Hard

Disk System

is

installed,

all

hard

disk drives

are

effectively

'blank.

M

Consequently,

each drive (Primary

and

Secondary)

must

be formatted

before

the Hard

Disk

System can

operate

under

hard

disk

control.

Once the

System

is

powered-up,

you must initialize

the

Primary

Drive by transferring

the operating

system

(TRSDOS-II)

to Drive 4.

To do this,

use

the

utility FORMAT,

which is

contained

on the

TRSDOS-II

Operating

System

diskette

Follow

this

procedure to

format

Drive 4 and

move

TRSDOS-II

to

Drive 4.

1.

Power

up your System

as described earlier.

2.

The

error message

BOOT

ERROR HN

will be

displayed.

Press RESET

then (REPEAT)

[BREAK) or (REPEAT)

fESE) .

If

Drive

4

has

previously

been

formatted

and if you

wish

to

re-format,

you will

need

to insert

the floppy

diskette

containing

the FORMAT

program

into

Drive

and

start-up

the

System

under

control of floppy

diskette

TRSDOS-II

as

described

earlier.

3.

When

the prompt

INSERT

DISKETTE

appears,

insert the

floppy

diskette (labeled

TRSDOS-II

Operating

System)

into

Drive

and close

the drive

door,

4.

Answer

the date and

time

prompts.

5.

When

TRSDOS-II

Ready

appears, type

FORMAT

specify

any

options,

and

press

CENTER)

.

(

FORMAT

4

HDS

=

6,

CYL

=

306

(ENTER] will

format

drive

4

for

6 read/write

heads

and 306

cylinders and

automatically

transfer

TRSDOS-II

to drive 4.

(The

FORMAT

program

takes

about

15-20

minutes

to run.)

The

FORMAT

program

will

then

load

and

format Drive

4,

FORMAT

will automatically

move

TRSDOS-II

to

the

Hard

Disk

(Drive

4).

6.

When

TRSDOS-II

Ready

re-appears,

you may

either

format

the

secondary

hard

disk

(5)

or

press

RESET

to

boot from

the

newly

formatted

drive

4,

23

7, The

System will then

repeat

the power-up

sequence but

,Lgo:j

directly

to Drive

4

and

load

TRSDOS-II.

The

prompt

TRSDOS-II

Ready will

then

appear.

8.

Remove

the floppy

diskette

(which

contains TRSDOS-II) and

store it in

a safe place.

Preparing

Your

Secondary

Hard

Disk

(Drive

5)

You

can then format

the

Secondary

Hard

Disk

Drive

(5),

if

you

have

one. (See FORMAT

command

on

page

35.)

Note:

This

disk

connot be write

protected

by

use of the write

protect switch.

The FORMAT

Command.

This

is the

format

to use in typing

the

FORMAT

Command:

FORMAT

Erase

and

Format a

Disk/Diskette

FORMAT

:d

{options}

d

specifies

the drive

to

be formatted

and

is a

number

from

0-7

(with Built-in

Hard

Disk

System

the number

is

from 0-5).

d

is

optional;

if

omitted,

TRSDOS-N

will

prompt

for

the

drive

number.

{options}

is one

or more

of the

following:

ABS= tells

TRSDOS-II

not to

prompt

if the

specified drive

contains data. If

ABS

is

omitted,

TRSDOS-II

prompts

before

overwriting

any

existent

data.

ID=

disk-name

tells

TRSODS-II

the

name

to assign

to

the

disk.

If omitted,

TRSDOS

will

be used.

PW= password

tells

TRSDOS-II

the master

password

to

assign

to the disk. If

omitted,

PASSWORD

is

used.

The

master

password

allows

access

to ali user files

(via

the

PROT

command),

DIR= nnn

tells

TRSDOS-II

where

to

place

the primary

directory.

For

hard

disks,

nnn

can be any

number

between

0-300; for

floppy

diskettes,

1-71.

If

omitted,

cylinder

44

is used for

floppy

diskettes,

cylinder

130 for

hard disks.

ALT= nnn

tells

TRSDOS-II

where to

place

the alternate

directory. If

nnn=

000,

an

alternate

directory

will not

be

created.

If

omitted,

the

formula

directory +

3 is used

to

compute

placement

of

the

alternate

directory.

For floppy

diskettes,

3 represents

three

tracks;

for

hard

disks,

3

represents

three

cylinders.

For

hard

disks, nnn

can

be

any

number

between

0-303;

for

floppy

diskettes,

any

number

between

1-74.

The

default

value

is

52.

SIZ- nnnn

tells

TRSDOS-II

how

many

filenames

to allow

for in

the initial

directory.

For

hard disks

and

floppy

diskettes,

nnnn

can be

any

number

between 1-1220.

If

omitted,

180

is

used

for floppy

diskettes;

336 for hard

disks. If SIZ=

nnnn is

specified,

TRSDOS-II

rounds

off

to the next

multiple

of 4.

24

ILV=

nn

when used

:

it

sets

the interleave

factor

(ratio

of

n:1),

which

determines

the

order in

which

TRSDOS-tl

is

to

access disk

sectors.

Between

disk

accesses,

TRSDOS-II

must

do a

certain

amount

of

processing,

(The

amount

depends

upon your

application.)

The

proper

ILV

factor

can

reduce

the

processing

by

minimizing

disk

rotation

between

accesses.

If

you omit the

option, nn

defaults

to

10.

Hard Disk

only

HDS=

nn

tells

TRSDOS-II

the

number of

heads

on

the

drive.

This

is

required

for

Hard

Disks. If

omitted,

TRSDOS-II

prompts

you

for

the number.

This

number

can

be

1

tc

6.

For

15-Meg

the

number

is 6.

CYL=

nnnn

tells

TRSDOS-II

the

number

of

cylinders

on

the drive.

This is

required

for Hard

Disks.

If

omitted,

TRSDOS-II

prompts

you for the

number.

This

number

cannot

be

less

than

128.

The number

for

15-Meg is

306.

PRE=

nnn

telis

TRSDOS-II

the

precompensation

start

cylinder

(128

or

greater).

Default

value

is

128.

DIR

and

ALT

defaults will

be

increased

automatically

to be

greater

than

the

precompensation

to ensure

the

most

reliable

directory

access.

verification

level

is one of

the

following:

FULL

reads

the value

of

each

sector

and

compares

that

value

with

what

was

written

during

formatting.

NONE

No

verification

is

done,

verification

level

is

optional;

if

omitted,

FULL

is

used,

With

TRSDOS-II,

this

FORMAT

consists

of 32 sectors

per track

.nstead

of

the

TRSDOS

26.

Because

of

this, floppy

diskettes

formatted

by

TRSDOS-II

cannot

be

used

under

TRSDOS

and

vice

versa.

For

more

details on

FORMAT,

see

your

TRS-80

Computer

owner

1

s

manual.

Examples

FORMAT

5 (INTER!

formats

the

diskette

on Drive

5,

using

the

default

values

for

options.

You

will

be

prompted

for

HDS

and CYL

numbers.

FORMAT

2 CENTER)

formats

the

diskette

In floppy

Drive

2,

using

the default

values

for

floppy

diskettes.

FORMAT

(ENTER)

prompts

you for the drive

to use

before

it begins

formatting.

Since

no

options are

specified,

the disk will

have

the

option's

defaults. If

hard

disk

you

will

be

prompted

for

HDS

and

CYL

numbers,

FORMAT

:5 {DIR-75}

(ENTER)

formats

the

disk

in

Drive 5

r

placing

the primary

directory

on

cylinder

75. You

will be

promoted

for

HDS

and

CYL

numbers.

25

Preparing

Your TRSDOS

Application

Programs

Many

Radio

Shack application

programs use TRSDOS instead of

TRSDOS-II. You can

use

TRSDOS

programs in two ways:

•

Operate

under

floppy

diskette control (see

Chapter

7).

•

Use

the

FCOPY

command

to convert

them

to the TRSDOS-II

format

and

copy them to

your hard

disk,

(Instructions are in

the insert supplied with the

TRSDOS-li

Reference

Manual.)

After converting your programs, you

can

load

them

under

TRSDOS-II, as instructed in Chapter 2.

Copying

TRSDOS-II

Programs

onto a

Hard

Disk

TRSDOS-II

programs use

TRSDOS-II

as

their

operating

system. If

you have one of these programs, you

can

use

it in

two

ways;

•

Operate under floppy diskette

control

(see

Chapter

8).

•

Use

the

MOVE

command

to copy the program from floppy

diskette

to

hard disk.

(See

the

TRSDOS-li

Reference Manual.)

Creating

a

Backup

Library

Through

operator

error,

power

failure, or other accidents, you can

lose

information

stored

on hard

disk. To prevent the

loss

of

a

days,

weeks, or even months work,

keep up-to-date copies of all

the files that are on your hard disk.

Instructions

are

in

your

TRSDOS-II Reference Manual (see SAVE

and RESTORE)

and

Appendix C

of

this

manual.

Running

TRSDOS-II

Programs

Under

Hard

Disk

Control

To ru n

TRSD

OS-II

programs

under

hard disk control, do not press

(RPD

[BREAK) after powering up

your

system. Otherwise, power up

as instructed in Chapter 3.

If

you

have

not

yet

copied

your

application programs to hard disk,

insert the floppy diskette with

the

program

in Drive 0. Then run the

program

by

entering

the

name

of the program.

For

example:

If the programs name is

SCRIPSIT

:

type;

SCRIPSIT

CENTER)

26

SECTION

III/

FLOPPY

DISKETTE

PREPARATION

This

section

shows

how

to

prepare

your

TRSDOS-II/TRSDOS

diskettes

to run under

floppy

diskette

control.

You

can use your

TRS-XENIX

diskettes

only

under

hard

disk

control

—

not under

floppy

diskette

control.

CHAPTER

6:

BACKING

UP

TRSDOS-II

AND

TRSDOS

2.0b

SYSTEMS

DISKETTES

Sometimes

information

stored

on

diskette is

lost.

This

problem

can

result

from:

•

Wornou*

or

mishandled

disks

•

Mishandled

equipment

•

The power going

out

while

you're

using

the system

That

is why it

is

important

to

make

"backup

11

copies

of

all the

information

you store on

diskettes.

Note:

Backup is not

possible

under floppy

control

with a single

floppy

drive

configuration.

References

to

floppy

drives other

than

drive

are

for users with floppy

expansion

drives.

Backing

Up Your

TRSDOS-II

System

Diskette

To

copy

your TRSDOS-II

System

Diskette,

you

must

use the

TRSDOS-II

BACKUP

utility.

This utility

automatically

"formats

11

(organizes)

the diskette

to

which

the information

is

to be

copied

(''destination

11

diskette).

It then

backs up

the

"source"

diskette

to

the

destination.

Customers with only

one

floppy drive:

You

cannot backup

the

TRSDOS-II

diskette.

Use the

TRSDOS

2.0b

diskette

instead.

Customers with two or

more

floppy drives:

Follow

these

steps:

1.

Prepare

a

destination

diskette

by covering the

write-protect

notch

of

a

blank

diskette

with

a write-enable

tab.

2.

Power

up or

reset

the

system.

Press [RPD

(BREAK! to

operate

under

floppy diskette

control

3.

Insert

the

TRSDOS-II

System

Diskette

("source

11

diskette)

into

Drive

0.

4.

When

prompted,

enter the

date

in

mm/dd/yyyy

fo rmat

(for

example:

03/19/1983

for March

19,

1983),

Press

CENTER]

when

prompted for

the

time,

TRSDOS-II

Ready is

displayed.

5.

Insert

the destination

diskette

into Drive 2. It

can

be

a

single-

or

double- sided

diskette.

(Using a

double-sided

diskette

doubles

its storage

capacity,)

6.

Type:

BACKUP©

TO

2

(EMUS)

7. If you

are

using an old

diskette

instead of

a

blank

diskette,

the following

message

might

be displayed:

DESTINATION

Disk

Contains

Data.

Copy Over It (Y/N)?

If

you do not

need

the

data on

the

diskette,

type Y

CENTER!

If

you might need

the

data, type N

CENTER

),

27

BACKUP

displays the following

message

when the

backup

is

complete:

Backup

Successfully

Complete

Drive 2

Disk

ID

is:

TRSDOS-II Ready

If your screen

displays

a message

that

the backup

aborted,

repeat

Steps

5

through

7,

using

a different

destination

diskette.

Backing

Up

Your

Thinline

TRSDOS

2.0b

Diskette

To back up your Thinline

TRSDOS

2.0b Diskette,

you must use

the

TRSDOS FORMAT

and

BACKUP

utilities.

The

FORMAT

utility

organizes the

diskette

to which

the

information

is

to be copied

("destination"

diskette).

BACKUP

then

copies ail

the

information

from

the "source" diskette

to the

destination,

To format a blank

diskette and

then

back

up your

Thinline

TRSDOS

2,0b Diskette, follow

these

steps:

1

.

Prepare

a

destination

diskette

by covering

the

write-protect

notch

of

a

blank

diskette

with

a write-enable

tab.

2.

Power

up or reset the

computer.

Press

(RPTl

(

BREAK]

to operate

under

floppy

diskette

control.

3.

Insert the

TRSDOS

2.0b Diskette

("source'

1

diskette)

into Drive

4.

When prompted, enter

the

date in

mm/dd/yyyy

format

(for

example:

03/19/1983 for

March

19,

1983),

Press

[ENTER)

when

prompted

for the

time.

TRSDOS

READY

is

displayed.

Customers with

two

or

more

floppy

drives:

5.

Insert

the destination

diskette

into Drive

2, At

TRSDOS

READY,

type:

FORMAT 2 (ENTER]

6. The following

prompt is

displayed

on the screen:

Mount

Diskette

for

Formatting

on Drive 2.

Continue?

(Y/Q)

Since

y

ou already

have

mounted

your

diskette

on

Drive

2,

type Y (ENTER! to

continue.

7. If

you

are

formatting

over a

used diskette,

the

following

prompt might

appear:

Diskette

CONTAINS

DATA;

Format

OVER

it?

(Y/Q)

If

you do not need the

data

on th e diske

tte, type Y [ENTER] . If

you

might

need the data,

type

Q (ENTER] .

28

8.

TRSDOS READY

is

displayed

when

the

formatting

is

complete.

Type:

BACKUP

TO

2

(

INTER)

To

answer

the

following

questions,

type Y

[ENTER) :

Source

Diskette

Ready? (Y/Q)

Destination

Diskette

Ready?

(Y/Q)

9.

When

the

question:

Change

diskette

information?

. .

is

displayed,

type N

[ENTER)

.

10.

When

the backup

is

complete,

TRSDOS

READY

is

displayed.

if

your

screen

displays

a

message

that

the

backup

aborted,

repeat

Steps

5

through

10,

using

a different

destination

diskette.

Customers

with only

one

floppy

drive:

5.

At

TRSDOS

READY,

type:

FORMAT

CENTER]

When

the

message;

Mount

Diskette

for

Formatting

on

Drive

Continue?

(Y/Q)

is

displa

yed, insert

the

destination

diskette

into

Drive

Type

Y (ENTER)

to continue.

6.

When

the

formatting

is

complete,

the

following

message

is

displayed:

Insert SYSTEM

diskette

Press ANY

key to

continue

Remove

the

formatted

destination

diskette

and

place

the

TRSDOS

2.0b

Diskette

("source"

diskette),

in Drive

0.

7.

At

TRSDOS

READY,

type:

BACKUP

TO

[

ENTER)

8.

Type

Y

(ENTER)

to answer

the

following

question:

Source

Diskette

Ready?

(Y/Q)

9.

When

the

question:

Change

diskette

information?

. .

is

displayed,

type N (ENTER) .

10.

When the

message:

Insert

DESTINATION

diskette

Press ANY

key

to

continue

is

displayed,

remove

the

TRSDOS

2.0b Diske

tte and insert

the

destination

diskette

into Drive

0.

Press

(ENTEffi

The

backup

continues.

You

are

alternately

prompted

to insert

the

source

diskette

and

the

destination

diskette.

29

11.

When

the

message

Insert

SYSTEM

diskette

Press

ANY key

to continue

is

displayed,

the backup

is

complete,

Remove

the

destination

diskett

e

and

insert the

TRSDOS

2.0b Diskette

into

Drive 0.

Press CENTER)

,

and

TRSDOS

READY

is

displayed.

Tips

on

Safeguarding

Data

To

ensure

the safety of

your

data

and

programs:

•

Store all original

operating

system

and

application

program

diskettes in a

safe

place,

•

Run

the

system with

copies

of your

original

TRSDOS-II

Systems

Diskette,

TRSDOS

2.0b

Diskette.

Hard

Disk

Operating

System

Initialization

Diskette, and

application

program

diskettes.

•

Every

time you create

or

update

a

file,

copy

it

to another

diskette

or make

a backup

of

the

diskette.

•

Take

proper care of

your

system

and

disks

as

instructed

in

Chapter

9,

"Maintenance."

Accidents

happen,

so think

about

how

much

time,

effort,

and

money could

be

lost

if

you

decide

not

to

make

backup

copies.

30

CHAPTER

7:

USING

TRSDOS

PROGRAMS

This

chapter

explains

how

to:

•

Prepare

TRSDOS

application

programs

for

use.

(TRSDOS-II

application

programs

require

no

preparation.

Load

them as

instructed

in

Chapter

6.)

•

Format

data

diskettes

for

use with

TRSDOS

or

TRSDOS-II

application

programs.

If

you are

going

to use the hard

disk

unit, go

to

Chapter

5.

"TRSDOS-II

Hard Disk

System

Preparation

(FORMAT).

11

Preparing

TRSDOS

Programs

All

Model

II

programs

currently

distributed

by Radio

Shack

run

under the

TRSDOS

operating

system.

If you

have

TRSDOS

application

programs,

you

may

do one of the

following:

•

Convert your

programs

to TRSDOS-li

and

then load them as

TRSDOS-II

programs

•

Run

your TRSDOS

programs,

as is, with a

backup

of your

TRSDOS

2.0b System

Diskette

in

Drive

•

Convert

your

TRSDOS

diskettes

to

TRSDOS

2.0b (to run

on

Thinline

drives)

Converting

TRSDOS

to

TRSDOS-II

TRSDOS-II

is a greatly

enhanced

version

of TRSDOS,

It can

be

used with

either floppy

or hard

disk drives. It

stores

and retrieves

information

much faster

and

can store

more information

per

disk.

And

it

lets you use

double-sided

diskettes.

To

use

TRSDOS-formatted

programs

under

TRSDOS-II,

you must

copy the programs and

data

to disks

formatted

by

TRSDOS-II.

The

insert

in your

TRSDOS-li

Reference

Manual

explains

how

to

convert

your programs.

You

must

have more

than

one floppy

diskette

to use TRSDOS-II.

Using

TRSDOS

Diskettes

"As Is"

If you have enough

drives,

you can simply

insert

the

TRSDOS

2.0b

diskette

in Drive

and the

TRSDOS

diskettes in

the other

drives.

Then

press

the

reset button.

Press the

break

and

repeat keys.

The

system

starts

up

under

TRSDOS

2.0b. Enter [he date

and

time;

TRSDOS

READY

is displayed.

Now

you can

toad and run your

programs

under

TRSDOS

2.0b,

31

Converting

TRSDOS

Diskettes

to

TRSDOS

2,0b

Diskettes

If

you do not have

enough

drives

for

the above

method,

you will

want

to convert

your

TRSDOS

diskettes.

A

special file

called

THINLINE

is

supplied on

the

TRSDOS

2.0b

System Diskette.

When

you copy

this

file to a

TRSDOS

diskette, it

makes

a patch to

TRSDOS

which

allows

it to run

on

Thinline

drives,

You

do not need to

patch data

diskettes

since

they

do not contain

TRSDOS.

1a. Multi-Drive

Users: Power

up the

Built-in

Hard Disk

System

with

the

Thinline

TRSDOS

2.0b diskette in

Drive

and

the

TRSDOS

diskette in

Drive

2.

If

you have

a

hard

disk,

press

(BED

(BREAK)

to operate under

floppy

diskette

control. After

entering the

date

and

time,

type:

COPY THINLINES

:2 (EKTER)

1b.

Single-Drive

Users: Power

up your

Built-in

Hard

Disk

System

with the Thi nline

TRSDOS

2.0b System

Diskette

in Drive

0.

Press

(RFD

CBREAK)

to operate

under floppy

diskette

control.

Type:

CGPYTHINLINE:0

:0

(ENTEffi

You are prompted

when

to

mount

the

source

diskette

(TRSDOS

2,0b)

and

the

destination

diskette

(TRSDOS).

2. When

the copy is

complete,

remove

the

TRSDOS

2.0b

diskette

from

Drive

0. Move

your

TRSDOS

diskette,

which

now

contains

the

file

THINLINE,

to Drive

0.

Without

pressing

reset,

type:

DO

THINLINE

[ENTER)

This makes the

patch to the

TRSDOS

diskette.

Converting

TRSDOS

2.0b

Diskettes

Back

to

TRSDOS

At

some time, you

may

want to

"undo

11

your

TRSDOS

2.0b patch

so

that

you can

use your converted

TRSDOS

2.0b diskette on an

Enhanced

Model II.

To reverse

the

patch, you

must

use a file

called UNTHIN.

1a. Multi-Drive

Users: Power

up your

Built-in

Hard Disk

System

with a

backup

of

the

TRSDOS

2.0b

System

Diskette in Drive

and the

TRSDOS

2.0b diskette

(to be

"unm

atched")

in Drive 2.

If

you have a

hard

disk,

press

(fiPT)

[BREAK)

to

operate

under

floppy

diskette

control.

After

entering

the

date and

time,

type;

COPYUNTH!N:0

:1

CENTEffi

32

1b.

Single-Drive

Users: Power

up

the

Built-in

Hard

Disk System

with a backup

of

the

TRSDOS

2.0b System

Diskette

in Drive

0,

Press

(HPT)

CBREAK)

to

operate

under floppy

diskette

control.

Type:

COPY

UNTHIN:0

:0

(ENTERI

You are

prompted

when

to mount

the

source

diskette

(Thinline

TRSDOS

2.0b System

Diskette)

and the

destination

diskette

(TRSDOS

2.0b diskette to

be unpatched).

2,

When

the

copy is

complete,

remove the

TRSDOS

2.0b System

Diskette

from

Drive

0.

Move

the diskette

to be

unpatched

to

Drive

0. Without

pressing

reset,

type;

DO

UNTHIN (ENTER)

Now you can

use the

unpatched

TRSDOS

diskette

in a

Model

II

system.

Removing

and

Swapping

Diskettes

To avoid

losing

data, follow these

steps whenever

you

remove

or

swap diskettes.

•

When

you are finished

using

a diskette, exit

the

application

program

by returning

to

the

Ready prompt.

Make

sure the drive

light

is

off.

Then

remove the

diskette,

•

When

swapping

diskettes

in

a drive, type 1

CENTER)

after

inserting

the

new

diskette.

• If

you swap the diskettes in

Drive

0,

they

must

contain

the

same

operating

system. !f they

do not,

press the

reset

button after

the

swap

to

start

up the new

operating

system.

•

When

you're

finished

using

the Built-in

Hard

Disk

System,

remove

all diskettes

and

turn it off.

Formatting

Diskettes

Your

Built-in

Hard

Disk System

can

store information

on

formatted

disks.

Operating

system and

application

program

disks

are

formatted,

but they

may

not have

enough

space for

other

information.

If

you

have

a multi-drive

System,

you may wish

to store

information

on

"data

diskettes.

1

'

A data

diskette

is formatted

but does

not

contain

an

operating

system. It

has

more

storage

space than an

operating

system or

application

program

diskette.

Caution: While

a diskette is being

formatted,

any

previous

information

on the

diskette is

erased

33

Formatting

TRSDOS

Data

Diskettes

To make a

data diskette

to

use with

a TRSDOS

application

program,

follow

these

steps:

1

.

Power

up

the

system.

2.

Place a

write-enable

tab

over

the

write-protect

notch

of

the

diskette

to

be

formatted

(destination

diskette).

3. Insert

a backup of

your

TRSDOS

System Diskette

or

TRSDOS

2.0b

System Diskette

into

Drive

0.

(If you

have

a

hard

disk,

make sure

you are

operating

under

floppy

diskette

control

')

4.

Enter

the

date and

time.

5.

When

TRSDOS

READY

is

displayed,

insert

the

destination

diskette

into Drive

2. Type:

FORMAT

2 (ENTER)

6. If

you are formatting

over a

used disk,

a prompt

appears

asking

you if you

want

to for

mat

over it. If

you do

not

need

the

data

on the

d iskette

,

type

Y

(ENTIff)

If you

might

need

the

data,

type

Q

[

ENTER)

TRSDOS

READY is

displayed

when

the

disk

is

formatted.

Using

TRSDOS

Data

Diskettes.

Place

a backup

of your

TRSDOS

2.0b System

Diskette in Drive

0.

Insert

the data

diskette(s)

in

the

other

floppy

drive(s).

Then

use the

application

program

as

instructed

in

the

application

program

manual.

Formatting

TRSDOS-II

Data

Diskettes

To

make

a data

diskette

to

use

with a

TRSDOS-]

I

application

program

follow

these

steps:

1

.

Power

up the system.

2.

Place

a

write-enable

tab

over

the

write-protect

notch

of the

diskette

to be

formatted

(destination

diskette).

3.

Insert the

TRSDOS-II

Systems

Diskette in

Drive

0.

(If you

have

a hard disk,

make

sure

you are

operating

under

floppy

diskette

control.)

4.

Enter the

date

and

time.

5.

When

TRSDOS-II

Ready

is

displayed,

insert

the

destination

diskette into

Drive 2.

Type;

FORMAT

2 (ENTER]

6.

If

you are

formatting

over

a used

disk,

a

prompt

appears

asking you if

you want to

format

over

it.

If you

do not

need

the

data on

the d iskette

,

type Y

(ENTERI

If

you might

need

the

data,

type

Q

[ENTER]

TRSDOS-II

Ready is

displayed

when

the disk

is

formatted.

Using

TRSDOS-II

Data

Diskettes.

Place

a backup

of

your

TRSDOS-II

Systems

Diskette in

Drive

and load

the

appropriate

system.

Insert the

data diskette(s)

in the

other

floppy

drive(s).

Then

use

your

application

program

as

instructed

in

the

application

program

manual.

34

CHAPTER

8:

SAMPLE

SESSION

TRSDOS-II

Programs

To

load TRSDOS-II

and then

load

and

run BASIC,

use the

following

steps:

1

Power up

your

system press

(HPT

)

CBREAK)

until

INSERT

DISKETTE is

displayed.

2.

Insert

your

Systems Diskette

into

Drive

0.

3.

Enter

today

:

s date in the

format

displayed

on your

screen.

For

example,

for

August 23

:

1983,

type:

08/23/1983

CENTER)

4.

To skip the ENTER TIME

prompt now on

your

screen,

press

(INTER). This

starts

the time at 000.00.00. Or,

enter

the time in

the displayed,

24-hour format

(seconds

are

optional).

For

example, for

2:30

p.m.,

type:

14.30

(ENTER

)

Your

screen shows:

TRSDOS-II Ready

This

message

indicates

that

TRSDOS-II

is

ready

to accept

a

command or

load

an

application

program.

Notice

that TRSDOS-II powers

up

with

key-click turned on.

Each time

you press a key

:

the

system

generates a

click

.

To

turn

the

key-click

off, type CLICK

OFF

and press [ENTERI

All

commands must be entered in

capital

letters. To

load

BASIC,

type:

BASIC (INTER)

BASIC

displays its

start-up

message

and:

Ready

>

Ready

>

indicates

that

BASIC,

not

TRSDOS-II,

is

ready

to

accept a command

or program

statement.

You cannot

use

TRSDOS-II

and an application

program,

such

as

BASIC, at

the

same

time. For

example, if

you

type a TRSDOS-II

command while

BASIC

is controlling

the system,

an error

message

is displayed.

The

application

program

did

not

understand

the

command, and

TRSDOS-II

did

not receive

the

command.

6. Type the

TRSDOS

DIR

command:

DIR [ENTER)

Your

screen shows:

?SN Error

Ready

>

?SN Error indicates

that BASIC

doesn't

understand

the

TRSDOS-II

command.

(You

can execute

a

TRSDOS-II

command from

BASIC via

the SYSTEM

command

described

in

the

BASIC Reference

Manual)

35

7. Try

writing

a

BASIC

program

by

typing the

following:

1

CLS [ENTER)

20

PRINT "HELLO"

CENTER)

If

you

type

a

line

incorrectly,

press (ENTER)

and

type it

correctly.

8.

Test

the

program

by typing

BASIC'S

RUN

command:

RUN

fENTEffl

Your

screen

should

show:

HELLO

Ready

>

The

"Hello"

program

you typed

is

stored

in memory,

You can

run

it

whenever

you

wish

until you

exit

the

BASIC

program

(TRSDOS-lf

resumes

control). If

you want

to keep

the

program to run

later,

you

must

store

it

permanently

before

exiting

BASIC.

9.

To

save

the "Hello"

program

for

future

use,

type:

SAVE

"SAMPLE"

(ENTERl

10.

To

return to

TRSDOS-II

Ready,

type:

SYSTEM

CENTER)

Now

you can run the

"Hello"

program

whenever

you wish.

To

do

so, use

the

diskette

you

are

using

now.

Load

the

BASIC

interpreter

by

typing

BASIC

CENTEffi

.

To

load

the

SAMPLE

program,

type:

LOAD

"SAMPLE"

CENTER)

Run

the

program

by typing

RUN

CENTER)

.

36

SECTION

IV/

MAINTENANCE

AND

APPENDICES

CHAPTER

9: MAINTENANCE

Care

of

Floppy

Diskettes

Diskette

Jacket

Envelope

Diskettes

are

sensitive.

A small dent

or

scratch

or a

speck

of

dust

can destroy a

diskette's

contents. Treat your diskettes

with

care.

•

Never turn the system

on or

off while a diskette

is

in

a drive.

•

Store diskettes in their

envelopes,

making

sure there

is no

pressure to their

sides.

•

Keep

diskettes away

from

magnetic

fields

(such as

transformers, AC motors,

magnets,

TVs, radios,

and

a

system's display console).

•

Don't

bend diskettes.

•

Never touch a

diskette's

exposed

shiny

surfaces.

Do not

try to

wipe

or clean diskette surfaces; they

scratch

easily.

•

Keep diskettes out

of direct

sunlight and away

from

heat.

•

Keep

diskettes

away from cigarette

ashes,

dust and other

particles. In dusty

areas,

provide filtered air

to

the

computer

room.

•

Don't write on the

diskette label

with a

hard point

device such

as a ball point pen

or

lead

pencil. Use a felt-tip

pen only.

37

Labeling

Diskettes

Your original

operating system

and

application

diskettes

have

permanent

labels on their

jackets.

Blank

(unformatted)

diskettes

come with

labels

for

you to write

on

and place on

the

diskettes

1

jackets.

Write

on them with a felt-tip

pen

only. Don

:

t

erase

or scratch out

information

on

these

labels.

Floppy

Disk

Drive

Maintenance

Your computers

floppy

disk

drives

need

periodic

preventative

care

to

prevent

damage

to your

diskettes.

Make sure a

Radio

Shack

maintenance

person

checks

your floppy

disk drives

every

six

months or less.

Ask the sales

representative

at a

Radio

Shack

Computer

Center

about

disk

drive

head

cleaning

kits.

Secondary

Hard Disk

Drive

Maintenance

Hard disk drives

don't

require

the

same

maintenance

as

floppy

disk

drives, but they

do require

special

care.

For example,

never

move your hard disk

drives

while they're

powered up.

Also,

be

sure

that the air around

your hard

disk is

as

free

of dust and other

particles

as possible.

Clean

the filter on the

back

of

the

secondary

unit

when filled with

dust and particles. Carefully

remove

the

outer

grill.

DO NOT

REMOVE

THE

SCREWS.

Remove

the

filter

and rinse

with

tap water.

When

the filter is

completely dry,

put it back in

the drive.

38

APPENDIX

APPENDIX A:

Problems

and

Error

^

Messages

Unreadable

Disks,

Files,

and

Programs

If you

suddenly

cannot use your

disk,

fi!es

;

or programs,

static

electricity might

be

the

cause. Try

humidifiers

and

anti-static

carpets to

get

rid

of

static electricity.

There

are

other causes. The

Systems

built-in AC

line

filter

shields

the

system

from

minor changes in

AC

power

but

extreme

changes

can ruin

programs

and files. If you think

this

is the problem,

try

these

remedies;

*

Fix defective

switches

on nearby

machines.

•

Install

bypass/isolation

devices

on

noisy machines in

your

area.

•

Install

a separate power

line

to your system.

Error

Messages

Whenever

the System is

turned

on or reset, it

executes

a

built-in

diagnostic

program

to

help

insure

that the

System is in

good

working

order.

If the System

detects a hardware fault

or

other

problem,

it will display

an

error

message

—

then

stop. This

checkout

program reduces

the

chance

that you will

lose

time or

data

without

knowing it

because

of

a defective system.

This

program

does not check

for

multiple faults;

as

soon

as the

first

fault is

found, the

System displays

the

appropriate

message

and stops.

Before

suspecting

hardware

problems,

try the

operation

several

times.

Recheck to see

that

all

power and

interconnections

are

correct.

As a last

resort, try

re-formatting the

Operating

System

on

the

Hard

Disk Drive.

Remember!

FORMAT will

erase all

data on

Drive

4.

To prevent losing

data

altogether,

be

sure

to keep backup

copies

of

all

data on the disk

as

you go along.

If

a

displayed

error

message

looks

like:

•

**

ERROR

24

**

or FILE NOT

FOUND,

see the Operating

System Errors

table,

•

BOOT ERROR

DC,

see

the

Boot Errors

table.

•

Neither of

the

above, see your

application

program

manual.

(It

might also be

a

descriptive

operating

system error

generated

by the application

program,)

To get a brief

description

of a

numbered error,

type ERROR

followed

by the number.

For

example, type:

ERROR 31

(

ENTER!

and

your

screen

shows:

PROGRAM

NOT

FOUND

39

When

an error

message

is

displayed:

•

Try

the operation

several

times.

•

Look

up

boot

errors

and

operating

system

errors

in

the

following

tables

and take

the

recommended

actions.

See your

application

program

manual

for

explanations

of

application

program

errors.

•

Try

using other

diskettes.

•

Reset

the

System and

try

the

operation

again.

•

Check

all

the power

connections,

•

Check all

interconnections.

• Remove

all diskettes

from

drives,

turn

off

the system,

wait 15

seconds,

and turn it

on again.

•

If

you try all

these

remedies

and

still

get an

error

message,

contact a Radio

Shack

Service

Center.

If

there

is

more

than

one error

message,

the

system

might

wait

until

you correct

the

first error

before

displaying

the

second

error

message.

Operating

System

Errors

Message

Explanation/Action

Address

Out

Of Range.

SVC

Block or

the SVC

argument

is

not

within the

memory

range.

Attempt

To

Open A File

Which

Has

Not Been

Closed.

Close the

file

before

re-opening.

Attempt

To Read

Past

EOF.

Specified

record

number

is past

the

end of

file.

Attempt To

Use

A

NON

Program

File

As

A

Program,

File

specified

for

execution

is

not

a program

file

or

the load

address

given is

illegal.

Make

sure

you have a

system diskette

in Drive

(if under

floppy

control).

Code

131

28

34

Bad Block

Format.

Check

the

format

of the

SVC

block

for

errors.

129

Bad CRT

Number

For

multi-user

only.

133

Bad

Function

Code On

SVC

Call

Or No

Function

Exists.

Check

the function

code

number

used on

the

SVC

call.

1

Bad

Partition

Number.

For

multi-user

only.

132

BOOT ERROR

See

the

BOOT

ERROR

TABLE.

In

the

tables,

RSSC

=

Radio

Shack

Service

Center.

40

Message

Explanation/Action

Code

Character

Not

Available.

No record or character was

available when you called the

SVC.

CRC Error During Disk

I/O.

Try

the operation

again,

using

a

different diskette. If the problem

occurs often, contact RSSC.

DCB Is

Modified

And

Is

Unusable,

DCB (used

in

machine-language

programming) has been

modified since the last disk file

access (while the file was

open).

Disk Drive Not Ready. Drive door is open or the

diskette is not

in

the

drive.

On

thinline drives,

check the

Drive

command

settings.

16

Data Lost During Disk

I/O (Hardware Fault).

Contact

RSSC.

41

Debug Not

Configured.

Include

DEBUG

at configuration

time.

135

Device Not Assigned.

For

multi-user

only.

137

Device Not Available.

For

multi-user only.

136

Directory Read Error. Error occurred during an

attempt

to

read

the directory.

Try

a

different diskette.

17

Directory

Space

Full.

Number of

filenames

has

reached

the

amount set when

you formatted the diskette.

26

Directory Write

Error. Error

occurred

during an

attempt

to

write to the

directory.

Use a

different

diskette.

18

Disk Is Write Protected- Write enable

the disk.

Disk Space Allocation

Cannot Be Made Due

To Fragmentation Of

Space.

Use the COPY command to

copy the

files

and reduce

fragmentation.

15

Disk Sector Not Found. Try a different diskette,

33

Disk

Space

Full.

No space

is

available on the

disk.

27

DO-Nesting Not

Allowed.

A DO

command

was

encountered

within a DO file.

128

File

Access

Denied

Due To Password

Protection.

You gave an

incorrect

password.

See ATTRIB

command.

25

41

Message

Explanation/Action

File

Already

in

Directory,

Filename

already

exists

as a

directory

entry. Kill

the

existing

file,

choose

another

filename,

or

specify

a drive

number.

File

Not

Found.

Filename

you

gave

was

not

found

on

the

available

disks

or

the

file

is

the

incorrect

type

for

the

desired

operation.

Hardware

Fault

During

Disk

I/O.

Contact

RSSC.

I/O

Attempt

To An

Unopen

File.

Open the

file

before

access.

Illegal

I/O

Attempt,

MOUNT/DDISMOUNTor

I

command

was

not

given

during

diskette

swap.

Can be

caused by

an

I/O

attempt

to

a differently

formatted

disk.

Format

the

disk

under

the

current

version

of

TRSDOS-II

or

use

FCOPY.

When

initializing

a

hard

disk,

you must

also

format

the

secondary

drives,

Illegal

Disk

Change.

The

operating

system

detected

an

illegal

disk

swap.

illegal

File

Type.

File

type

you

used

(FLR or

VLR)

is not

the

type

required

by

the

system.

Illegal

Operation

Requested.

For

multi-user

only.

Improper

File

Name

(Filespec).

Filespec

you

gave

does

not

meet

the

standard

file

specifications.

Incorrect

Command

Parameter.

Option

or

argument

given in

the

command

is

incorrect.

Invalid

Data

Provided

By

Caller.

Data

stream

to be

processed

has

illegal

characters.

Invalid

Space

Descriptor.

The

space

descriptor

that

tells

the

operating

system which

extent

to

read

next is

invalid.

Try

a

different

diskette.

Maximum

Of 16

Files

May

Be

Open At

Once.

Too

many

files

are

open

at

once.

Code

11

24

49

38

39

144

134

19

48

9

50

10

42

Message

Explanation/Action

Code

Memory

Fault

During

Program

Load.

Program

is loaded incorrectly,

possibly

because

of

faulty

memory or

a "bad"

load

address.

35

No Drive

Available

For

An Open.

No

on-line

drive

a.

is

write

enabled

b.

has

enough

space to create

a new

file,

or

c. has a

system

directory.

12

No

Error

Found.

No error occurred.

No

More

Extents

Avail-

able

(16

Maximum).

Use the COPY

command

to

copy the

files

and reduce frag-

mentation.

See

also

SAVE/RE-

STORE and

MOVE.

30

Not

Applicable

To VLR

Type

Files.

Operation

performed is

not valid

for VLR

files.

46

Odd

Address.

Address

required by the

SVC

block

must

be even.

130

Open Attempt

For

A

File

Already Open.

File specified for

open

is

already open.

37

Out Of Range

(Address

Error).

Overflow

occurred

in

the

user

stack during the SETBRK

SVC

orSETTRP

SVC operation.

139

Parameter

Error

On

Call.

Parameter is

incorrect

or a re-

quired

parameter

is missing.

3

Parameter

For

Open Is

Incorrect.

Check

the OPEN statements

or

the

DCB for errors.

36

Printer

Fault (May

Be

Turned

Off).

Check the connections,

power,

ribbon,

on-line status,

and

so

on.

44

Printer

Not Available.

Check the

connections,

power,

ribbon,

on-line status,

and

so

on.

45

Printer Not

Ready.

Check the

connections,

power,

ribbon, on-line

status, and so

on.

42

Printer

Out

Of

Paper.

Check the

printers paper

supply.

43

Program

Not

Found,

Specified

program

is not found

on available

disks.

31

Read

Attempt

Outside

Of

File

Limits.

Use valid record numbers.

29

Required

Command

Parameter

Not

Found,

Required

parameter

or argu-

ment is missing

from

the

command.

47

43

Message

Explanation/Action

Code

Seek

Error.

a.

Data

cannot

be read

from

the

disk

—

faulty

disk.

40

Too

Many

Pending

Calls.

For

multi-user

only.

142

Unknown

Drive

Number

(Filespec),

Specified

drive

number

is not

valid.

32

**

Unknown

Error

Codes

**

51-127

Write

Attempt

To

A

Read

Only

File.

File

was

opened for

read

only

r

not

for

read/write.

13

Write

Fault

On Disk

I/O

Error

occurred

during

a write

operation.

Try

a different

dis-

kette.

If the

problem

continues,

contact

RSSC,

14

Boot

Errors

Error

Message

Explanation/

Action

BOOT

ERROR

Defective

CTC

chip.

Contact

RSSC,

CT

BOOT

ERROR

Floppy

disk

controller

DC

error.

a.

Defective

diskette.

a. Try

a different

dis-

b. Floppy

disk

expan-

kette.

sion

unit

not on.

b.

Turn

on

the floppy

a

Defective

FDC

disk

expansion

Chip

or

Drive.

unit.

d.

System

was

not

c.

Contact

RSSC.

powered

up in

the

d. Turn

off the

system

proper

sequence.

and

power it up

in the

proper

sequence.

BOOT

ERROR

DMA

chip

failure.

Contact

RSSC.

DM

BOOT

ERROR

Drive

Not

ready.

D0

a. Improperly

inserted

a.

Insert

the

diskette

diskette.

again

and

press

b.

Defective

diskette.

(RESET)

c,

Defective

drive.

b. Try

a different

diskette.

c.

Contact

RSSC.

BOOT

ERROR

Controller

error.

Re-initialize

the

hard

HA

Aborted

command:

Problem

during

boot-

up of

hard

disk.

disk

or

contact

RSSC.

44

Error

Message

Explanation/

Action

BOOT ERROR

CRC

error.

Invalid

Re-initialize

the

hard

HC

data in

data

field.

disk or

contact

RSSC,

BOOT ERROR

Controller

error. Busy a.

Re-initialize

the

HD

not

reset.

hard

disk,

b.

Power

down,

wait

10 seconds,

and

power up.

If

the

error

occurs

again,

contact

RSSC.

BOOT ERROR

CRC

error.

Invalid

Re-initialize

the

hard

HI

data

in

ID

field,

disk.

BOOT

ERROR

Data address mark

Re-initialize

the

hard

HM

not

found.

disk,

BOOT ERROR

ID not

found. No

Boot Re-initialize

the

hard

HN

Track,

disk,

BOOT

ERROR

Track

error

on hard

H0

disk.

a, Didn't

find Track

a, Press

(ftESIf).

before

time-out.

b. Contact

RSSC.

b.

Secondary

hard

disk drive is not

on.

BOOT ERROR

Time-out

while

waiting

HT

for Ready.

a. Hard disk drives

a. Contact

RSSC.

not

powered up. b.

Press

(RESET).

b. Hard disk drive c.

Connect

the

hard

isn't

turned on and

disk

drive or

oper-

ready within 10

ate under floppy

seconds after

the

disk

control.

computer.

c.

Hard

disk drive is

disconnected.

BOOT

ERROR

Lost data during read Try

another

system

LD

—

FDC

(floppy disk

diskette or

contact

controller)

or drive

RSSC.

fault.

BOOT ERROR

Memory

failure

in

Contact

RSSC.

MF

address

range

X'lQOO'-XTFFF

1

.

BOOT ERROR

Memory

failure in

Contact

RSSC.

MH

address

range

X'SOOO'-X'FFFF

1

.

BOOT ERROR

Memory

failure

in

Contact

RSSC.

ML

address

range

XMW-XWFF.

45

Error

Message

Explanation/

Action

BOOT ERROR

PI

Defective

PIO

Chip.

Turn

on

the expansion

bay if it

is

off. If the

error

occurs

again,

contact

RSSC.

BOOT ERROR

RS

The

diskette

in Drive

is not

Radio

Shack

operating

system

format,

Insert

a

TRSDOS-H

formatted

diskette

into

Drive

and Press

[RESET) .

BOOT ERROR

SC

ORG Error.

Invalid

data

on

diskette

or

defective

diskette.

Try

a different

diskette.

BOOT

ERROR

TK

Record

not found

bootstrap

track. Im-

properly

formatted

or

defective

diskette.

Re-format

your dis-

kette or try

a different

diskette.

BOOT ERROR

Z8

Defective

CPU.

Contact

RSSC.

NOT

A SYSTEM

DISK

Diskette in

Drive

isn't

a

TRSDOS-II

operating

system

diskette.

Insert

a system

dis-

kette

into

Drive

0.

46

APPENDIX

B:

The

BACKUP

and

SAVE/RESTORE

Utilities

Of the

many

ways

to copy

information

from

a

disk,

the

SAVE

and

BACKUP

utilities

are

used

most

often.

SAVE

usually

is

used

to copy all

the

information

on a

hard

disk

to

floppy

diskettes.

The

SAVE

command

is

discussed

later

in

this

appendix.

The

TRSDOS-il

Reference

Manual

also

has

information

on

SAVE.

BACKUP

is

used to

copy

all the

information

on one

diskette

to

another.

This

appendix

tells

how

to

back up

system

diskettes

(diskettes

that

contain

an

operating

system) and

data

diskettes.

Note:

BACKUP

is not

possible

under

floppy

control

with

a single

floppy

drive

configuration.

References

to

floppy

drives

other

than

are

for

users

with floppy

expansion

drives.

TRSDOS-II

Backup

The

TRSDOS-il

BACKUP

utility

makes

a

copy

of a

diskette.

If

you

have

enough

floppy

diskette

drives,

you

can

use this

utility

to

copy

and

TRSDOS-II

system

or data

diskette.

Note:

You

cannot

back up

a

double-sided

to a

single-sided

diskette.

Backing

Up

TRSDOS-II

System

Diskettes

If

you

have

at

least

two

floppy

diskette

drives,

you can

back up

any

diskette

that

contains

the

TRSDOS-II

system.

Follow

the

steps

given

under

"Backing

Up

Your

TRSDOS-II

Systems

Diskette

"

in

Chapter

3.

Backing

Up

TRSDOS-II

Data

Diskettes

Using

a

Floppy

Diskette

System

Follow

these

steps

to

back

up a

TRSDOS-II

data

diskette:

1

.

Power

up

your

system.

Insert

a backup

of

your

TRSDOS-II

Systems

Diskette

into

Drive

0.

Insert

the

source

data

diskette

into

Drive 2.

2.

Enter

the date

and

time.

3a.

Three-Drive

Users:

Insert

the

destination

diskette

into Drive

3.

Use a

double-sided

diskette

for

maximum

storage

space.

Type:

BACKUP

2

TO

3 CENTER)

"Backup

Successfully

Completed"

is

displayed

when

the

backup

is

finished.

3b

Two-Drive

Users:

Type:

BACKUP

2

TO

CENTEfi)

47

The message

Replace system diskette

with

destination

diskette. Ready

(Y)..

appears.

Remove your

Systems

Diskette from Drive and

insert the destination

diskette.

Type

Y (ENTER) : the backup

continues.

When

the

backup

is complete, the

message

Mount system

disk,

Ready

(Y)

. .

is displayed. Remove the

destination

disk

ette

fro

m Drive

and

insert your Systems

diskette. Type

Y ( ENTER) : the Ready

prompt

is displayed.

Backing

Up

TRSDOS-II

Data

Diskettes Using a

Hard Disk System

You

need

at least two floppy

diskette

drives

for

this

method.

1

.

Power

up

under hard

disk control.

2. Insert the TRSDOS-II source data

diskette

into

Drive

0> Insert

the destination diskette into Drive 2.

Use a double-sided

diskette for maximum storage

space.

3.

Enter the

date and

time.

4.

When

TRSDOS-II

Ready

is

displayed, type:

BACKUP TO 2 CENTER]

"Backup Successfully

Completed"

is displayed

when the

backup is finished.

TRSDOS

Backup

The

TRSDOS

BACKUP utility

makes

a copyofa diskette, If you

have enough

floppy diskette drives,

you

can

use

this

utility to copy

any TRSDOS

system or data diskette.

When backing

up any

TRSDOS

diskette, keep TRSDOS

2.0b in

Drive

0.

Put the diskette you wish

to

back

up

("source"

diskette)

in

another

drive.

Backing

Up

TRSDOS

System

Diskettes

To

back

up

any

diskette that

contains TRSDOS, follow

the steps

given

under

"Backing Up Your Thinline

TRSDOS

2.0b

Diskette,"

in

Chapter

7. Substitute the TRSDOS system

diskette for

the TRSDOS

2.0b System Diskette.

Model

16B

and

Enhanced Model 12

Users:

To

back

up a

TRSDOS

system diskette, you must first patch it

for

use

on

Thinline

drives.

(See

"Loading a TRSDOS Program

11

in

Chapter

6.)

48

Backing

Up

TRSDOS

Data Diskettes

1

.

Power up your System,

2, if you have a hard disk, press

BED

(BREAK] to operate under

floppy diskette control. Insert the TRSDOS 2.0b System

Diskette into Drive 0.

3a.

Two-Drive

Users:

Type

FORMAT 2

(ENTER)

When TRSDOS

READY

is displayed

again,

remove

the

destination diskette

from

Drive 2. Insert the source diskette. At

TRSDOS

READY,

type:

I [ENTER)

BACKUP

2

TO (ENTER)

When the message "Destination Diskette

Ready?

(Y/Q)"

is

displayed,

remove your TRSDOS 2.0b System Diskette from

Drive 0, Insert the formatted

destination diskette.

After the

backup is finished and TRSDOS

READY

is

displayed,

you are prompted to

insert

a

system diskette

into

Drive

0.

3b. Three-Drive

Users:

Insert

the source data diskette in Drive 2

and the

destination

data diskette in Drive 3. Type:

FORMAT 3 [ENTER)

When TRSDOS

READY

is displayed

again, type:

BACKUP 2 TO 3 (INTER)

TRSDOS

READY is displayed when the backup is finished.

With

TRSDOS

2,0b in Drive

0,

you can

now

use

your

backup

data

diskette

in another drive.

BACKUP

Duplicate a Diskette

BACKUP

source TO

destination

{options}

source

and

destination

are

drive

numbers in the form of d,

where d is a floppy

diskette (0-3)

only.

options

is one or

more

of

the

following:

PW=

source-password

tells TRSDOS-II the master

password of the

source

diskette. TRSDOS-II

will

not

duplicate the

diskette

unless you give the

correct

password.

PW= is optional; if

omitted,

TRSDOS-II

will

assume

the password

is

PASSWORD.

NEW=

destination-password

tells TRSDOS-II the password

to assign to

the

destination diskette.

The

master

password

allows

access to all

user

files via

the

PROT

command,

NEW= is

optional;

if omitted, TRSDOS-II will

use

the same

password

as

the

source diskette,

1D= diskette-name

tells

TRSuuS-ll

the diskette name to

assign

to the destination

diskette.

ID= is optional; if

omitted,

TRSDOS-II

will

use

the

diskette name of

the

source diskette,

49

ABS=

tells

TRSDOS-II

not

to prompt

you

if

the

specified

drive

contains data.

ABS

is

optional; if

ABS is

omitted,

TRSDOS-II

will

prompt

before

overwriting

any data

that

already

exists

on the

floppy

disk.

This

utility

allows

you to

make

a "mirror

image

11

of a

TRSDOS-II

floppy

diskette

onto another

floppy

diskette.

Diskettes

do not

need

to be

formatted

before BACKUP.

BACKUP

automatically

formats

during the track- by-track

duplication.

Note:

BACKUP

is used for

floppy-to-floppy

duplication

only,

If you

want

floppy-to-hard

P

use

FCOPY,

SAVE/RESTORE,

or

COPY.

The

TRSDOS-lt

BACKUP

utility

is

much

faster

than

the

TRSDOS

BACKUP

because

it

makes

a "mirror

image

11

on

a track-by-track

basis instead of

file-by-file,

Single-drive

BACKUPS

are not

allowed

with

the

TRSDOS-II

BACKUP

command.

TRSDOS-II BACKUP

will not

allow

the following

TRSDOS

options;

•

wildcarding

•

prompting

before

each file

•

NOAUTO

•

SYS

Examples

BACKUP

3

TO

2

{PW

=

ASHER}

(ENTER)

makes a mirror

image

copy of

the

diskette

in

Drive 3 to

the

diskette

in Drive

2,

using

the

password

ASHER.

BACKUP

:2

TO ;0 {NEW

-TEST}

CENTER)

copies the

diskette

in

Drive

2

to

Drive

and

assigns

the

password

TEST to the new

diskette.

Making

SAVE/RESTORE

Compressed

Copies

This

section is an introduction

to the

TRSDOS-II

SAVE

and

RESTORE

utilities.

The

SAVE

utility

stores

files

in a

special,

compact form

on

floppy

diskettes,

Because

of

the special

format,

files

occupy

less

space

than

they normally

would on floppy

diskettes.

TRSDOS-II

cannot

directly

read

files

stored

in

this

format.

The

RESTORE

utility

returns

saved

information

to

a

disk

formatted

under

TRSDOS-II.

It

is the only

way

to retrieve the

information

stored by

SAVE.

SAVE

is

a good way to make

archive

copies of

hard

disk

files. To

decide

how

often

to make

save

copies

of your

hard

disk

files,

think

how

much

time, effort, and

money

could be tost if

your

hard disk

files

suddenly

were destroyed.

We

suggest

hard

disk

users keep

two

major

sets

of

archive files:

50

•

Monthly

Save

Set

—

A

set

of

save diskettes

that contains

everything

on your hard

disks,

including

your programs. Make

this

set

on the

first

day of each month. Always keep a

previous

month's

save

set

and

a

current

month's save set.

•

Daily

Save

Set

—

A

set

of

save diskettes that contains files

that were created or changed since the current monthly

save

set

was

made.

Make

this

set at the end of each day. Always

keep a previous daily save set and a current daily save set.

If you enter large amounts of data every day, you might

want

to

make more than one "daily"

save set

each day. No

matter

how

much data you enter, however, never wait longer than

three

days

before making a daily save set.

Note:

The

examples

in

this section

use

Drive

4

(hard

disk) as the

source

and

Drive

as

the destination. This is

because SAVE and

RESTORE are

intended

for

hard

disk

use.

However,

SAVE

and

RESTORE

can also be

used

to

save

files

from

a

TRSDOS-II

formatted floppy diskette to a SAVE formatted diskette.

When

using SAVE

and

RESTORE

between

two floppy

diskettes,

be

sure:

•

the source and destination drive numbers are different

•

the destination

drive

is not

Drive

0;

Drive

must contain a

TRSDOS-II

system diskette

Note:

Neither SAVE

nor

RESTORE

is

possible

under floppy control

with

a

single floppy drive

configuration.

References

to

floppy

drives

other

than are

for

users

with

floppy

expansion drives.

Creating

a

Monthly

Save

Set

Creating

a monthly save set takes time, but its worth it, Have

several

blank,

unformatted diskettes ready.

To save all the files (including system files) and programs

from

hard

disk Drive 4 to a floppy diskette in Drive

0,

insert a

floppy

diskette into Drive 0. At TRSDOS-II Ready

f

type:

SAVE :4 :0 {SYS,ALL,ABS} (ENTEff)

TRSDOS-II displays

a

"volume

number" which identifies the

diskette

in Drive

0.

A

l

'dataset

signature'

1

identifies the set of

diskettes, Write down the volume number and dataset signature-

When

you

later remove the

diskette

from the

drive,

write this

information

on the

diskette's

label.

When the diskette is full, TRSDOS-II prompts you to insert

another

diskette. When

all

the files are saved, TRSDOS-II prompts you

to

reinsert the

first

diskette

of the

set

(Volume

0).

It then

updates the

diskette

with

housekeeping

information.

TRSDOS-II

Ready appears

when

the

SAVE is finished, Make sure

you

have

labeled

all

the

save diskettes. Store

them in a safe place.

At the beginning of the next month, create a new monthly

save

set

using

a

different

set

of

diskettes.

This

set becomes the "current

monthly save set," The other set becomes the "previous monthly

save set/'

51

Rotating Monthly Save Sets

When you

have two

monthly

save

sets, begin rotating the

diskettes.

When

you make a new monthly save set, use the older

monthly

save

set

diskettes instead of

blank

diskettes.

Creating

a

Daily Save Set

To

create

a

daily

save set of all the Drive 4 files that were created

or changed

since the monthly save set was created, type:

SAVE

!:4

:0

|DM>mmddyy,

ABS^YS}

(ENTER)

Instead of typing

"mmddyy/'

type

the

date

that

you

made

the most

recent monthly save set,

At

the end of

the next day, create a new daily save set, using

different

diskettes.

This set becomes the "current daily

save

set.

11

The other set is the "older daily save set."

Rotating

Daily Save Sets

Once you have

two daily

save

sets

f

rotate

the diskettes.

When

you

make

a

new

daily

save set, use the older daily save set diskettes

instead

of

blank

diskettes.

SAVE

Backup

File

to

Floppy Diskette

SAVE source TO

destination

{options}

source may be one of the following:

:d which

is

a

drive

specification

and is a number between

0-7.

filespecd

specifies a

TRSDOS-II file

or

INDirect file

to be

saved.

wildoardd

is a

TRSDOS-ll wildcard

and includes

a

disk

drive

number

(0-7).

destination specifies a floppy disk drive number

and

is a

number between

0-3

in the form

d.

{options} is one or more of the following:

ABS tells

SAVE not

to prompt for destination disk status.

SAVE

will

format the

destination

disk if it is not already in

SAVE

format,

DC

value

date

will

compare the

creation

date of each

specified source

file

against the

date

entered

and SAVE

the

file

if

all

other

criteria

are met,

value

is

<,

>, or

=

where

<

(less than) and

>

(greater than) mean

less

than

or

equal

to and greater than or

equal to.

date

must

be

in

the form:

MMDDYY

DM value date

will

use the

last

modification date in the

manner

specified

above,

value is

<,

>

P

or

=

where

<

{less

than)

and

>

(greater

than)

mean

less

than or

equal

to

and

greater than or equal to. date must be in the form:

MMDDYY

tND

(indirect)

tells SAVE to use

the

contents of the source

file

as a

list

of source

filespecs

that

meet the

requirements

stated above.

52

PROMPT will prompt for file verification before SAVEing.

You may respond with Y (yes), N (no),

Q

(quit) or S (stop

prompting and continue).

ALL tells TRSDOS-II to save all files. (All won

1

t transfer

System

files,

use

SYS.)

If

you use

drive

as source, you

must use ALL,

SYS allows

you to

SAVE

language

and

application

programs.

Wildcarding

Wildcards

also

offer an easy way to

save

several

files

or an entire

disk.

For

example:

SAVE */CBL:4 TO (ENTER)

saves all Drive 4 files with the

extension /CBL and

puts

them on

the diskette in Drive 0.

Using the IND Option

The indirect option lets you save groups of files by creating

an

indirect file, a file consisting of one or more filespecs (similar to a

DO file). You can use the BUILD command to create

this

list of

filespecs.

When

TRSDOS-II

Ready, type:

BUILD

PROGRAMS:©

(ENTER)

This

creates

an indirect

file

called

PROGRAMS.

After TRSDOS-II prompts you with:

Enter command

line

(1-80)

enter your list of file specifications including drive numbers, for

example:

ORDERS:5 (ENTER)

REPORTS/*:6dNTEE)

To exit the BUILD and return to TRSDOS-II Ready,

press

[BREAK) .

You

are

now

ready

to

save

the

files

(specified

by the indirect file)

to the

specially

formatted

floppy

diskette.

Type:

SAVE PROGRAMS:© TO 2 {IND} (ENTER)

Both

ORDERS

and

REPORTS are now

found

in

the file

named

PROGRAMS on the diskette in Drive and saved to

the

diskette

in

Drive 2.

Note: The IND option lets you save more than one file from

each

hard disk; it also lets you save from more than one hard

disk.

As

a

result, you might save multiple files that have the same name.

Because

the save and restore

directory

does not specify drive

numbers

for files, you could lose duplicate filenames.

53

For example, if you created an indirect file that has these files:

*/FOR:4

*/CLB:4

*/FOR:5

Drives

4

and

5

may have duplicate

filenames

with

the /FOR

extension, Before

you use indirect, examine all

the

files

to be

saved.

Rename any

duplicate

filenames before

saving.

Using

the

DC and

DM

Options

Another

way

to

save

files

is

to do so with

respect

to

their

creation

or

modification

(update) dates. For example,

suppose your

directory showed

these creation

and

update

dates

for

your files:

Filename Created

Updated

MENU/PRG 6/1/81

9/2/81

PRGONE/PRG

6/1/81

9/1 6/81

PRGTWO/PRG

6/1/81

7/30/81

PRGTHR/PRG 6/1/81

6/1

6/81

PAYROLL/DAT

9/15/81

10/15/81

CHECKS/DAT 9/15/81

10/15/81

TEST/PRG

10/29/81

10/29/81

If you

want

to

save only

those

files

created on

June

1

,

1

982, use

the following command:

SAVE

*/*:5

TO

{DC

=

060182}

[ENTER]

The

first four files are saved to the

floppy

diskette

in Drive 0,

In

the same

sense,

the first

four

files

were updated on or before

September

2,

1982

(9/2/82).

Type:

SAVE

*/PRG:5 TO

{DM<090282} (ENTER)

and all files updated before the

specified

date are saved.

BUILD

Create an Automatic

Command

Input

File

BUILD file

file is a file specification which

cannot include

an extension.

The BUILD

command allows

you to create

or

edit

a DO file on a

line

by

line

basis.

When you enter a BUILD file that

already exists,

TRSDOS-II will

display the

first line

of

the file, followed

by

the prompt:

Keep, Delete, Fix, Replace,

Insert

or Quit?

Enter (K/D/F/R/l/Q) . . ?

The Fix option lets you edit the

displayed

command line.

54

Example

Suppose you

have

a

command

file

named

TRANSFER

that

consists of

the lines:

COPY FILE/1
COPY FILE/2
COPY

FILE/3

DIR

You can fix one of the lines of the command file without retyping

the

entire line.

Load the command file by typing:

BUILD TRANSFER

(HUE)

TRSDOS-II

will display the first line of

the

file,

followed

by

the

options:

COPY

FILE/1

Keep, Delete, Fix, Replace, Insert

or

Quit?

Enter (K/D/F/R/l/Q) . . ?

To

change

the

filename

in

the

first line,

type

F

(ENTER) . TRSDOS-II

will

display the

line with

the

cursor over

the first character in the

line.

Use

the

©

(rightarrow)

to

position

the

cursor

over the letter

F,

then

type;

NEWFILE

CENTEffi

TRSDOS-il

will position the

cursor

at the

beginning

of the line,

Press fENTERI again and the Fixed line will be saved.

You can

now

edit the next command line,

Restoring

your Files

To restore information to a hard

disk other

than

Drive

4,

replace

"4

!f

with the desired drive number in

each

of the

following

commands.

Restoring

One

File

If

you

want

to

restore

only

one

file, insert Volume of your most

recent

save

set

into

Drive

and

type:

RESTORE filespec:® ;4 {ABS} CENTER)

where

filespec is the name of the file you want to restore.

Restoring a Group of Files

To restore

a

group of

files,

insert Volume

of your most recent

save

set

into

Drive

0. Type:

RESTORE :0

:4 {PROMPT}

(INTER)

TRSDOS-II prompts you beforee restoring each file.

Press

CD

to

restore

a file. Press (W) if you don't wish to restore the file.

Restoring All Files

If

you

lose

most

or

all

of

the data on your hard disk(s), follow these

steps

to recover

the

lost data:

1

, If

Drive

4's operating system is damaged, re-transfer

55

TRSDOS-II

and

BASIC

from

the

diskette

supplied

with

your

hard disk to

Drive

4.

See

the instructions

in

chapter

5

(FORMAT).

If you are sure

Drive

4's

operating

system

is

not damaged, go

to Step 2.

2. Insert Volume of your current monthly save set into Drive 0.

At TRSDOS-II Ready, type:

RESTORE :0 :4 {ABS

;

SYS} fEHTEffl

Follow

TRSDOS-N

:

s prompts.

Insert Volume of

your

current

daily save set into Drive 0. At

TRSDOS-II Ready, type:

RESTORE

:0 :4

{ABS,SYSf

CENTER)

4.

Re-enter

any

information

added

to

the hard disk since the

last

current

daily

save

set was

created.

To save the

contents

of your hard

disk system:

1

.

Transfer

control to the floppy disk system (press (BREAK!

(REPEAT) during "white-out

11

).

2. Insert a

diskette

containing

the

floppy

version of

TRSDOS-II

in

Drive

and start

up the

system

so

that

you see

TRSDOS-II

Ready.

3. To be sure

there is

a

chance

to

save

the

contents

of

your

hard disk,

try to get a directory of your primary

hard disk

drive.

Type:

DIR

4 [ENTER]

If you can get a directory, then you probably can save the

contents

of your hard disk.

4.

Save

the contents of your primary hard disk drive,

insert

a

blank diskette

in Drive 2 (or

3)

and

type:

SAVE

4

TO

2

(or

3)

{SYS.ALLABS}

(ENTER)

5. Re-format

your

primary

hard disk

drive. (Once the contents of

your

hard

disk are

saved,

you

must

re-format

your primary

hard

disk

drive.) (See the FORMAT

command in

this

manual

for

deatils.)

6.

When the

FORMAT process

is finished, (in about

15

to

20

minutes), you

can restore

the files that you saved. Type:

RESTORE

2 (OR

3)

TO 4 {SYS} [ENTER)

Note:

When

a

Boot Error Occurs on Hard

Disk

If your hard

disk system

returns

a boot

error,

flip

the RESET switch

on the

front of

your computer- Then, try

to

start

up

your

system

again,

If your

system continues to return

a

boot

error,

you

probably

have lost the

boot

track, Track 0.

Even

when this happens,

there

is

a way to save the contents of

your primary hard

disk. But,

to do so, you must have at least two

floppy disk drives on

your

system.

56

RESTORE

Recover

SAVEd

Files

RESTORE source

TO

destination {options}

source

specifies a

floppy

diskette

and is one of the following:

d where d

is

a

drive specification and a

number

between

0-3.

filespec.d

where fiiespec is a

standard

TRSDOS

file

specification and

drive

is

a

drive number between and

3.

wildcard: d where

wildcard

is a standard TRSDOS

wildcard

and drive is a

number between

and 3.

destination is

optional and

is one of the

following;

d where d'\$ a

drive

specification and a

number

between

0-7.

d

cannot

be

the same as source.

fiiespecd

where

fiiespec is a

standard

TRSDOS-II

file and

da

drive

specification. If IND is used,

d is optional.

{options} is

one or more

of the

following:

ABS

tells

TRSDOS-II

to

retrieve

the

specified file(s). If used,

an already

existing

file

with the same name

will

be

written

over.

D1R If VOLUME

is

in

source

drive, TRSDOS-II will

display

the

DATASET

directory

and

identifier; if VOLUME is not

a source drive,

TRSDOS-II

will display

only the

DATASET

identifier,

IND (indirect)

tells

TRSDOS-II to use

the contents of

the

destination

file as a list

of

destination

filespecs that meet

the

requirements stated

above.

KILL tells

TRSDOS-II

to

kill the specified

destination

file

before it is

opened

for

RESTOREing.

PROMPT will

prompt

for

verification of

each

file for

RESTOREing.

Press

Y (yes), N (no),

Q

(quit restoring), or

S (stop

prompt).

PRT can only be

used

with the DIR

option.

Prints the

DIRectory

listing

on the line

printer.

SYS

TRSDOS-II

will retrieve

System

and data files. This

includes

System (language)

and

Applications

programs.

If

used

with DIR,

SYS

will list the

directory

of

System

files.

To

retrieve all

non-system

files,

specify

both

the source and

destination

as drive

numbers.

RESTORE

reads

information

from

a dataset

created

by

SAVE.

If

you

enter

a

volume of

this

dataset

out of

sequence,

TRSDOS-II

informs

you of the

mistake.

The

system

also

informs you if you

accidentally

enter

a

volume from a

different dataset

during

a

RESTORE.

Note

that the

TRSDOS-II

diskette

must

remain in Drive

on

floppy

drive systems.

Also,

single-drive

saves

and

restores

are

not

allowed.

For

example,

RESTORE

:2 :2

is

illegal.

57

When

you're restoring

files

in a

dataset,

TRSDOS-li

prompts

you

with:

Mount

NEXT

Diskette

in Drive

n—

Press

ANY

Key

to

continue,

which

instructs

you to enter

the

next

volume

of

the

dataset.

Examples

RESTORE

TO 4

(INTlRl

retrieves

all

saved

non-system

files

on

Drive

and

puts them in

Drive 4.

RESTORE

!:2

TO 4

CENTER)

retrieves

ail

saved

non-system

files,

with

and

without

extensions,

from

the floppy

diskette

in Drive

2 and

puts them

on

the

hard

disk

in

Drive 4.

RESTORE

2 PROGRAMS

{IND}

CENTlRl

where

PROGRAMS

is

an

indirect

file

containing

the

files:

MAILiST/PRG:4

MAILDAT/TXT:4

CHANGES/TXT;4

retrieves

the files

from

the floppy

diskette

in

Drive 2

and

puts them

in the

filespecs,

defined

in

PROGRAMS,

on

hard

disk

Drive 4.

Note

that

TO" is

optional.

RESTORE

*/SRC:0

4

(ENTER)

retrieves

all Drive

user files

that

have

the

extension

/SRC and

puts

them

on hard

disk Drive

4.

The

filenames

stay

the

same.

RESTORE

:2 {DIR.PRT}

sends the

directory

of

the floppy

diskette

in Drive

2 to

the

printer.

58

APPENDIX

C:

Graphics

Codes

II

HI

mm

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

10 11

12

13

14

15

16

17

III

18

19 1A

1B

1C ID 1E

IF

59

APPENDIX

D:

Specifications

Processors

Video

Display

The

Radio

Shack TRS-80

15-Meg Built-in

Hard

Disk System is a

disk-based

computer

system

with two

major parts:

•

A display

console

with

a

Built-in Hard Disk

System

and

a

built-in

double-sided,

double-density

floppy

disk

drive.

•

A

detached

keyboard

which can be

positioned

for your

comfort

and

efficiency

The

operating

system

software

is loaded

from

a

system diskette

in

Drive or

Drive

4

by a

built-in ROM

"bootstrap"

program.

Input/Output

Processor

System

•

Z80-A

based

with

64K bytes of

random access

memory

•

Independent

bus can

support

all the standard

system

boards

•

Emulation

mode

lets you

execute

programs

previously

developed

for

the TRS-80

Model

II without

changing

them first.

Computational

Processor

System

•

68000

based

with

either 128K

or

256K (384K or 51 2K bytes

on

a Model 16B)

of RAM

•

Independent bus

can support

multiple

bus

masters

The two

processors

share

the

computing load

from the

application

programs

(the

Z80-A

based processor

performs

input/output

tasks

while the

68000

based

processor

performs

computational

tasks),

LSI

Controller

Chip

Frees

the

input/output

(Z80-A

based)

processor

from

much

of the

overhead

required

to update

and

maintain the video

display.

Four

Modes

•

Green/White

on

black

(normal)

•

Black

on

green/white

(reversed)

•

80

characters

by

24

lines

•

40

characters by

24

lines

Displayable

Characters

•

Full ASCII

set

•

32

graphics

characters

60

Keyboard

• LSI

Controller

frees

the

input/output

(Z80-A based)

processor

from

keyboard

scan

and

related

tasks

•

Located

in a

separate

case

for

convenience

•

Model

16B and

Enhanced

Model 12

are

connected

to

the

display

console

via a built-in,

coiled

cord that

exits

at the lower,

back part

of the

keyboard

•

Standard

typewriter

keys,

repeat

key

and

eight

general-purpose

function

keys

•

Four

modes with

the

following

priority

(highest to

lowest):

1.

Unshift

2. Shift

3. Caps

4.

Control

Floppy

Diskette

Drives

Minimum

•

One built-in,

8-inch,

double-sided

floppy

diskette drive

Maximum

• One

built-in

and up

to two external,

8-inch,

double-sided,

floppy

diskette

drives

(floppy

diskette

expansion

unit needed

for

two external

drives)

Preventive

Maintenance

Interval

•

Typical

usage

(3,000

power-on

hours

per year);

Every

8000

power-on hours

•

Heavy

usage

(8,000

power-on hours per year):

Fvery

5000

power-on hours

Required

Media

•

Radio Shack

double-

or single-sided,

8-inch

floppy

diskettes

•

Enhanced

Model

II: Radio

Shack

single-sided

f

8-inch floppy

diskettes

Data

Transfer Rate

is

500,000

bits per

second

(except Track

which

has

250,000

bps).

Diskette Life is

3.5

million

passes per

track.

To

prevent limiting

life

by

improper

handling,

follow

diskette-care

recommendations.

61

Power

Supply

Power

Requirements

•

105

-

130

VAC, 60 Hz

•

240

VAC, 50 Hz

(Australian)

•

220

VAC,

50

Hz

(European)

•

Grounded

outlet

Maximum

Current

Drain

•

2.0

Amps

Typical

Current

Drain

•

1.5

Amps

Warm-Up

Period

Minimum

Delay

To Turn

System

On After

Turning

Off

—

15

seconds

Operating

Temperature

•

55to85

degrees

Fahrenheit

•

13

to

29

degrees

Centigrade

Peripheral

Interfaces

Standard

•

Serial

port

A

(RS-232C)

•

Serial

port B

(RS-232C)

•

Parallel

input/output

channel,

for

connection

to

TRS-80

standard

parallel

interface

line

printers

•

Floppy

diskette

input/output

channel

for

connection

of

a

floppy

diskette

expansion

unit

•

Hard

Disk

Drive

Interface

Optional

•

ARC

NET

Interface

•

Graphics

Board

Serial

Interface

Two

Ports:

•

Channel

A allows

asynchronous

or

synchronous

transmission.

•

Channel

B allows

asynchronous

transmission

only.

•

Both conform

to the

RS-232C

standard.

62

•

Both

use the DB-25

connectors

on the

back of

the

display

console.

The DB-25

connector

pin-outs

and signals

available

are

listed

below,

Channel A

Standard

RS-232C

Signal

Pin

#

Channel

B

Standard

RS-232C

Signal

Pin

#

I/O

Transmit

S.E.T.

15

Ground

1,7

Receive

Data

3

Receiver

Clock

17

Transmit

Clock

24

Data Set

Ready

6

Clear-to-Send

5

Carrier

Detect

8

Transmit

Data

2

Request-to-Send

4

Data

Terminal

Ready

20

Ground

1J

Receive

Data

3

Receiver

Xmitter

Clock

17

Data Set

Ready

6

Clear-to-Send

5

Carrier

Detect

8

Transmit

Data

2

Request-to-Send

4

Data

Terminal

Ready

20

Parallel

Interface

•

Connection

to a

line

printer

via

the

34-pin

connector

on the

back

panel

of

the display

console

•

Eight

data

bits

are

output in

parallel

•

Four

data

bits

are input

•

All

levels

are TTL

compatible

The

connector

pin-outs

and

signals

available

are listed

on

the

next

page.

2

4 6 8 10 12

14

16

IB

20

22 24 26 28 30 32 34

13

5 7 9

*1

1*3 1*5

1*7

1*9

2*1

2*3

2*5

2*7

29

3*1 3*3

63

Signal

Function

Pin

#

ACK*

Input to

the

computer

from

the printer; 19

low

indicates

data

byte

is

received

BUSY

Input

to

the

computer

from

the

printer;

21

high

indicates

busy

PAPER

EMPTY

Input

to the

computer

from

the

printer;

23

high

indicates

no

paper

—

if the

printer

doesn't

provide

this

:

the

signal

is

forced low

BUSY*

Input

to the

computer

from

the printer;

25

low

indicates

device

is

selected

PRIME*

Output to the

printer

to clear the

buffer;

26

reset the

printer

logic

FAULT*

Input

to the

computer

from the printer;

28

low

indicates

fault

(paper empty,

light

detect deselect,

and

so on)

GROUND

Common

signal

ground

2,4,6,8.10,

12,14,16,18,

20,22,24,27,

31,33

NC

Not

connected

29,30,32,34

These signals are

active-low.

Secondary Hard

Disk

Power

Requirements

AC Power

Requirements

50/60 Hz

+/-

0.5 Hz

100/115

VAC

Installations

(90

to

127V at 1.1 A

typical)

200/230 VAC Installations

(100

to 253V

at 0.6A

typical)

Disk

Characteristics

(Initialized

to

TRSDOS-II)

No.

of Cylinders

306

No,

of Heads

6

Track

Access Time

3msec

Data

Transfer Rate

5.0MB/Sec

Dimensions

(Case)

Height

Width

Depth

Weight

5.5"

(140

mm)

14"

(356

mm)

15"

(381

mm)

15.5 lbs.

(7.02

kg)

64

Environment

Ambient

Temperatures

Operating:

Nonoperating:

Relative Humidity
Relative

Humidity

Gradient

Operating:

Nonoperating:

Maximum

Wet Bulb

Temp.

Heat

Dissipation

Altitude

Hard

Disk Drive

55 to 85

degrees

R

(13

to 29

degrees

C.)

-40

to 140

degrees

R

(-40

to

60

degrees

C.)

8% to 80%

20%

per hour

Below

that

causing

condensation

78,8 F.

(26 C.)

degrees

non-condensing

150 Watts

(511

BUT/Hr) Max.

Operating

Density-Altitude

1500

to

9750 ft.

(457

to

2972

m.)

Storage to

12000 ft.

(0

to

3650

m.)

Disk Organization

(Initialized

To

TRSDOS-II)

Cylinders

per

Disk

306

Tracks per

Unit

1836

Tracks

per Platter

612

Sectors per Track

34

Bytes per Sector

256

Average Latency

8.3 msec

Rotational

Speed

3600.0 rpm

Recording

Density

9625.0

bpi

Flux Density

9625.0 fci

Track

Density

345.0 tpi

Storage

Capacity (Hard Disk)

Unformatted

Per

Drive

19.0

Mbytes

Formatted

Per

Drive

15.5

Mbytes

(Primary)

15.9 Mbytes

(Secondary)

Storage

Capacity (TRSDOS-II

Formatted Floppy

Diskette)

Sectors per Track 320

Bytes

per

Sector 256

Bytes

per

Diskette

625,920

Tracks

(single-side) 76

65

Model

16B Built-in

Hard

Disk

System

/Model

16B

Built-in

Hard

Disk

System

Communications

For

hard-wiring

between

two

Model

16Bs

with

Built-in

Hard

Disks

but

without

a

modem,

use

the

wiring

arrangement

illustrated

below

{Model

16B to

Model

16B only).

DB-25

MALE

CONNECTOR

CONNECT

TO

RS-232

MODEL

16B

13

*

25

4

^

OB-25

CONNECTOR

14

ffl^J

goo^uii^u-i

1

1

a

-kjOO

JSjJ

(Jl

* CJ

M

—

DB-25

MALE

CONNECTOR

CONNECT

TO

CHANNEL

A

MODEL

168

Connection

Diagram,

Modef

16B

(Channel

A

or

B) to

Model

16B

(Channel

A or B).

Use

stranded

wire,

24-gauge,

to

connect

two

DB-25

connectors

as

illustrated.

If the

wire

length

exceeds

50 feet

twist

Lines

7

(GND),

2

(TD).

and

3 (RD).

66

APPENDIX

E

•

FLOPPY

DISKETTES

HARD DISKS

Typ**

of Diskette*:

Double-sided

(cannot be

used

by

Enhanced

Model Ms)

Single-

skied

Write-Protectlon

r

Covering

the write-protect

notch

lets

you change information

Primary

Drive:

Drive

Modes of Operation:

Floppy diskette contfd

(Press

<REPEAT

-::

BREAK on

startup)

Hard disk

control (automatic)

Write- Protection:

Lighting the PROTECT button

invokes

wrile

protection

Primary DrFve;

Floppy diskette contrtrt

—

Drive

Hard disk control

—

Drive 4

TRSOOS-II

Operating

System

TRSDOS

Operating

System

Mods

Z&b code Z80 code

Startup

With TRSDOS- If in the

primary drive,

press

<HQLD>.

Enter

the

date

and time.

With

TRSDOS

in

the

primary

drive

enter

the date and time.

Switching to:

TRSDOS-II

TRSDOS

foot

applicable

At Ready with TRSDOS

tr> Drive 0. press RESET

(<f

hard disk, press

^.REPEAT-.:-::

BREAKS).

At READY with TRSDOS- II

m

primary

drive,

press

RESET

and

--.HOLD.--

entering

the dale.

Not

applicable

Type of Disks

Recognized

Single- and

double-sided

diskettes, and

hard disks

Single-skied

diskettes only

Transferring
Disk Files to

Hard

Disk

At

Ready,

enter:

MOVE

source TO destination

Example: MOVE 1 to 4

(ALU

Must transfer to TRSDOS-II

At TRSDOS-II Ready, enter:

FCOPY source TO destination

Example FCOPY 1 TO 4 (ALL)

Formatting;

Single-

drive

Multi-drive

Not allowed

At

Ready,

enter

FORMAT

drive

Example: FORMAT

1

At READY, enter:

FORMAT

At READY,

enter:

FORMAT

drive

Example: FORMAT 1

BACKUP

Single-drive

Multi-drive

(Formatting

is

automatic)

Not

allowed

At

Ready,

enter

SACK

UP source TO

destonahon

Example:

BACKUP

TO

1

(Musi format first

>

At READY,

enter:

BACKUP TO

At READY, enter:

BACKUP source TO

destination

Example: BACKUP G

TO

1

67

APPENDIX

F:

Keyboard

Code

Map

The

keyboard

code map

shows

the

code that

TRSDOS-II

returns

to

the

user for each key, In

each of

the

modes

—

unshift,

shift,

caps,

and

control.

A program

executing

under

TRSDOS-II

—

for

example,

BASIC

—

may

translate

some

of these

codes into

other

values.

Consult

the

program's

documentation

for

details.

Note:

The

(BREAK) key

(code

X

J

03')

is

always

intercepted

by

TRSDOS-II.

It is never

returned

as a

character.

ESC

IB

21

1

21

I

31
31

40

©40

2

32
32

23

#

23

J

33

24

4

34

34

25

%

25

c

35

5

35

7E

A5E

fi

36

6

36

26

&

26

?

37

37

2A

*

2A

fl

38

8

38

5C

{

28

9

39

3

39

TAB

09

11

Q

51
51

71

17

W57

57
77

05

E

45
45
65

12

R

&2
52

72

14

T

54
54
74

19

Y

59
59

79

15

U

55
55

75

09

|

49
49
69

o

CTRL

LOCK

01

A

41
41
61

13

S

53
53
73

04

D

«

44
64

06

p

46
46
66

07

G

47
47
67

oa

H

4S
48
68

OA

J

4A
4A
6A

OB

K

48
48
6B

CAPS

SHIFT

1A

2

5A

5A
7A

18

X

58

58

78

03

C

43

43

63

16

V

56
56

76

02

B

42
42
62

QE

M

4E
4E
6E

OD

M

4D
4D
6D

3C

^

3C
2C

'

2C

LEGEND;

XX

CONTROL

XX

SHIFT

XX

CAPS

XX

UNSHIFT

7C 7F 25

)

29

—

5F

+

2B

BACK

o30U

30

,2D

2D

3D
3D

SPACE

08

BREAK

03

OF

10

5B 5D

4F

p

50

[

5B

1

5D

4F

50 7B

J

7D

HOLD

6

F

70 7B

7D

00

OC 3A 22

L

4C . 3A

f

22

4C

.

3B 27

ENTER

6C

'

3B

*

27

OD

3E

^3E

3F

I

7

3F

\

2E

/

2F

SHIFT

REPEAT

T

2E 2F

i

i

2o

F1

01

F2

02

F3

04

F4

oc

F5

15

2C

7

37

8

38

9

39

F6

10

ID

4

34

5

35

6

36

F7

OE

IE

1

31

2

32

3

33

F8

13

fT

1F

30 2E

ENTER

OD

69

INDEX

Subject

Page

Application

Programs

15,

16

Loading

and

Executing

31

TRS-XENIX

Programs

21

TRSDOS-II

Programs

35

TRSDOS

Programs

31

BACKUP

47

BASIC

16

Loading

35

Running

a

Program

36

Saving a

Program

36

Boot

Errors

44

Brightness

7

Contrast

7

Converting

TRSDOS

to

TRSDOS-II

31

Converting

TRSDOS

to

TRSDOS

2,0b

32

Converting

TRSDOS

2.0b

to

TRSDOS

32

Disk

Files

Display

Console

Drive

Latch

Drive

Light

,15

.7

J

.7

Floppy

Disk

Drive

Maintenance

38

Floppy

Diskette

13

Backup

27

Double-Sided

13

Expansion

Connector

10

Formatting

33

Inserting

18

Labeling

14,

38

Maintenance

38

Removing

20

Sector

Hole

14

Single-Sided

13

Swapping

33

Write Protection

14

Formatting

Disks

15

Graphics

Codes

59

Hard

Disk

14

Expansion

Connector

10

Formatting

23

Maintenance

38

Keyboard

8

Keyboard

Code

Map

68

Maintenance

37

Subject

Page

Model 16B

Communication

with

another

Model

1

6B

66

Equipment

6

Installation

9

Peripheral

Equipment

10

Power-up

17

Power-down

20

Operating

System

Errors

40

Operating

Systems.

15

Parallel

Printer

Connector

10

Peripheral

Equipment

10

Power

Button

7

Power

Light

7

Primary

Disk

Drive

21

Programs

(see

Operating

Systems

and

Application

Programs)

Quick

Reference

Tables

67

Reset

Button

7

RESTORE

55,

57

SAVE

;

, . .

50,

52

Secondary

Hard

Disk

24,

25

Serial

I/O

Connector

10

Specifications

60

Processors

60

Video

Display

60

Keyboard

61

Floppy

Diskette

Drives

61

Power

Supply

62

Operating

Temperature

62,

65

Peripheral

Interfaces

62,

63

Strain

Relief

Bracket

11

Thinline

TRSDOS

2.0b

Diskette

6,

32

Formatting

28

Backing

Up

28

TRSDOS

Operating

System

6

Backup

28

Loading

31

Swapping

Diskettes

33

TRSDOS-II

Operating

System

23

Backup

27

Loading

35

TRSDOS

Program

Preparation

26,

31

71

Subject

Page

TRS-XENIX

Operating

System

Backing

Up

21

Formatting

21

Write-

Protect

Notch

14

Write-Protect

Tab

14

72

#

SERVICE POLICY

Radio Shack's

nationwide network

of service facilities provides

quick, convenient,

and reliable repair

services

for all

of

its

computer

products,

in

most instances.

Warranty service will be performed in accordance with

Radio Shack's Limited

Warranty. Non-warranty service will be

provided

at

roasonabte parts

and labor

costs.

Because of the sensitivity of computer

equipment,

and

the

problems which

can

result from improper servicing, the following

limitations

also

apply

to

the

services

offered by Radio

Shack:

1

.

If

any of the

warranty seals on any Radio Shackcomputer products

are

broken,

Radio

Shack reserves the

right

to refuse to service the equipment or to void

any

remaining warranty

on

the

equipment.

2. If

any

Radio

Shack computer equipment has been modified so

that

it

is not

within

manufacturer's

specifications,

including, but not limited to, the installation

of any

non-Radio

Shack

parts, components,

or replacement boards, then

Radio

Shack reserves

the right

to

refuse

to service the equipment, void

any

remaining

warranty,

remove and

replace

any non-Radio Shack part found in

the

equipment,

and

perform

whatever

modifications are necessary to return

the

equipment

to

original

factory

manufacturer's specifications.

3.

The

oost

for

the labor and parts required to return the

Radio

Shack

computer

equipment

to

original

manufacturer's specifications will be charged

to

the

customer in

addition

to

the normal

repair charge.

•

RADIO SHACK, A DIVISION

OF

TANDY

CORPORATION

U.S.A.:

FORT

WORTH,

TEXAS 76102

CANADA: BARRIE,

ONTARIO

L4M 4W5

TANDY CORPORATION

AUSTRALIA

BELGIUM

U.K.

91 KURRAJONG

ROAD PARC

INDUSTRIEL

DE NANINNE

.

BILSTON

ROAD

WEDNES8URY

MOUNT DRUITT, N.S.W.

2770

5140

NANINNE

WEST MIDLANDS WS10 7JN

•

8749479 04/84-SP

Printed

in

U.S.A.