Racom RAY2 24 User Manual

User manual

www.racom.eu

RACOMs.r.o. •Mirova1283•59231NoveMestonaMorave•CzechRepublic

Tel.:+420565659511•Fax:+420565659512•E-mail: racom@racom.eu

RAy2 Microwave Link

fw 2.1.x.x

3/17/2016 version 1.14

Important Notice .................................................................................................................................. 7

Quick guide ......................................................................................................................................... 8

List of documentation ........................................................................................................................ 10

1. RAy2 – Microwave Link ................................................................................................................. 11

2. Implementation Notes ................................................................................................................... 12

2.1. Link calculation ................................................................................................................... 12

2.1.1. Free space loss calculation ..................................................................................... 12

2.1.2. Link budget calculation ............................................................................................ 12

2.1.3. Fade margin ............................................................................................................ 13

2.1.4. Rain attenuation ...................................................................................................... 13

2.1.5. Multipath fading ....................................................................................................... 16

2.1.6. Fresnel zones calculation ........................................................................................ 17

2.2. Example of microwave link design ..................................................................................... 18

3. Product .......................................................................................................................................... 21

3.1. Mounting ............................................................................................................................. 22

3.2. Connectors ......................................................................................................................... 22

3.3. Power supply ...................................................................................................................... 23

3.4. Status LEDs ....................................................................................................................... 25

3.5. Technical parameters ......................................................................................................... 25

3.6. Dimensions ......................................................................................................................... 26

3.7. Ordering codes ................................................................................................................... 27

4. Accessories ................................................................................................................................... 28

4.1. Overview ........................................................................................................................... 28

4.2. Details ................................................................................................................................30

5. Step-by-step Guide ....................................................................................................................... 36

5.1. Service access ................................................................................................................... 37

5.1.1. Menu Link settings - General ................................................................................... 38

5.1.2. Menu Link - Service access - Services ................................................................... 39

5.1.3. Menu Link - Service access - Users ........................................................................ 40

5.1.4. Menu Maintenance - Feature keys .......................................................................... 40

5.2. Basic link configuration ....................................................................................................... 40

5.3. Link test .............................................................................................................................. 40

6. Installation ..................................................................................................................................... 42

6.1. Line of sight test ................................................................................................................. 42

6.2. Antenna mounting .............................................................................................................. 42

6.2.1. Mounting methods ................................................................................................... 42

6.2.2. Mounting the FOD unit on the antenna ................................................................... 45

6.2.3. Lubrication and preservation of the antenna pivot .................................................. 49

6.2.4. Flexible waveguide .................................................................................................. 49

6.3. Connectors assembly ......................................................................................................... 50

6.4. Grounding ........................................................................................................................... 52

6.5. Start up ............................................................................................................................... 57

6.5.1. Noise on the site ...................................................................................................... 57

6.5.2. Directing antennas ................................................................................................... 57

6.5.3. Link test ................................................................................................................... 61

6.5.4. Parameters setup .................................................................................................... 61

7. Configuration ................................................................................................................................. 62

7.1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 62

7.2. Status bar ........................................................................................................................... 63

7.3. Status ................................................................................................................................. 65

7.3.1. Status - General ...................................................................................................... 66

3© RACOM s.r.o. – RAy2 Microwave Link

RAy2 Microwave Link

7.3.2. Status - Radio .......................................................................................................... 66

7.3.3. Status - Switch interface .......................................................................................... 68

7.3.4. Status - Service access ........................................................................................... 68

7.3.5. Status - Radio link statistics ..................................................................................... 68

7.4. Link settings ....................................................................................................................... 69

7.4.1. General .................................................................................................................... 69

7.4.2. Radio ....................................................................................................................... 70

7.4.3. Service access ........................................................................................................ 72

7.4.4. Alarms ..................................................................................................................... 80

7.5. Switch settings ................................................................................................................... 83

7.5.1. Status ...................................................................................................................... 83

7.5.2. Interface ................................................................................................................... 92

7.5.3. QoS ....................................................................................................................... 111

7.5.4. Advanced ............................................................................................................... 114

7.6. Tools ................................................................................................................................. 142

7.6.1. Maintenance .......................................................................................................... 142

7.6.2. Live data ................................................................................................................ 150

7.6.3. History ................................................................................................................... 153

7.6.4. Logs ....................................................................................................................... 157

7.6.5. Programs ............................................................................................................... 158

7.7. Help .................................................................................................................................. 162

8. Command Line Interface ............................................................................................................. 165

8.1. Connection via CLI ........................................................................................................... 165

8.1.1. Telnet ..................................................................................................................... 165

8.1.2. Putty ...................................................................................................................... 165

8.1.3. SSH ....................................................................................................................... 165

8.2. Working with CLI .............................................................................................................. 166

8.2.1. SSH keys ............................................................................................................... 167

8.2.2. Scripts .................................................................................................................... 167

8.3. Configuration with CLI ...................................................................................................... 168

8.3.1. Configuration file .................................................................................................... 168

8.3.2. Firmware upgrade ................................................................................................. 168

8.3.3. Remote unit authorization ...................................................................................... 168

9. Troubleshooting ........................................................................................................................... 170

10. Technical parameters ............................................................................................................... 172

10.1. General parameters ...................................................................................................... 172

10.1.1. Technical parameters overview ........................................................................... 172

10.1.2. Link speed ........................................................................................................... 174

10.2. Nominal frequency tables description ............................................................................ 176

10.3. RAy2-10 parameters ...................................................................................................... 177

10.3.1. Upper/Lower Limits .............................................................................................. 177

10.3.2. Radio parameters ................................................................................................ 178

10.3.3. Nominal frequencies, band 10.30 – 10.59 GHz .................................................. 181

10.3.4. Nominal frequencies, band 10.15 – 10.65 GHz .................................................. 184

10.4. RAy2-11 A,B parameters ................................................................................................ 188

10.4.1. Upper/Lower Limits .............................................................................................. 188

10.4.2. Radio parameters ................................................................................................ 189

10.4.3. Nominal frequencies, duplex 490 MHz ................................................................ 192

10.4.4. Nominal frequencies, duplex 530 MHz ................................................................ 198

10.5. RAy2-11 C,D parameters ............................................................................................... 204

10.6. RAy2-17 parameters ...................................................................................................... 205

10.6.1. Upper/Lower Limits .............................................................................................. 205

RAy2 Microwave Link – © RACOM s.r.o.4

RAy2 Microwave Link

10.6.2. Radio parameters ................................................................................................ 206

10.6.3. Nominal frequencies ............................................................................................ 209

10.7. RAy2-18 parameters ...................................................................................................... 216

10.7.1. Upper/Lower Limits .............................................................................................. 216

10.7.2. Radio parameters ................................................................................................ 217

10.7.3. Nominal frequencies ............................................................................................ 221

10.8. RAy2-24 parameters ...................................................................................................... 233

10.8.1. Upper/Lower Limits .............................................................................................. 233

10.8.2. Radio parameters ................................................................................................ 234

10.8.3. Nominal frequencies 24.00-24.25 GHz ............................................................... 237

10.8.4. Nominal frequencies 24.05-24.25 GHz ............................................................... 244

10.8.5. Nominal frequencies 24.05-24.25 GHz FCC ....................................................... 251

10.8.6. Nominal frequencies 24.00-24.15 GHz ............................................................... 255

11. Safety, environment, licensing ................................................................................................... 260

11.1. Frequency ....................................................................................................................... 260

11.2. Safety distance ............................................................................................................... 260

11.3. Professional installation .................................................................................................. 261

11.4. RoHS and WEEE compliance ........................................................................................ 261

11.5. Liability for Defects and Safety Instructions .................................................................... 262

11.6. Important Notifications .................................................................................................... 262

11.7. Warranty ......................................................................................................................... 263

11.8. Declaration of Conformity ............................................................................................... 264

11.9. FCC authorization of transmitters ................................................................................... 268

11.10. Country of Origin Declaration ....................................................................................... 269

A. Antenna dimensions ................................................................................................................... 270

B. Rain zone map ............................................................................................................................ 271

C. IP address in the PC (Windows XP) ........................................................................................... 272

D. IP address in the PC (Windows 7) .............................................................................................. 274

E. IP address in the PC (Windows 8) .............................................................................................. 276

F. SSH key generation .....................................................................................................................279

G. Https certificate ........................................................................................................................... 281

H. Unit block diagrams .................................................................................................................... 282

Index ................................................................................................................................................ 283

I. Revision History ........................................................................................................................... 287

List of Tables

2.1. Rain rate R (mm/h) ITU-R P.837 ................................................................................................ 14

2.2. Constants k, α for horizontal and vertical polarization at 10, 11, 17 and 24 GHz ...................... 15

2.3. 60 % of the 1st Fresnel zone ..................................................................................................... 18

3.1. Meaning of LED status indicators .............................................................................................. 25

3.2. Overview of antennas ................................................................................................................. 26

3.3. Ordering codes ........................................................................................................................... 27

10.1. Technical parameters ............................................................................................................. 172

11.1. Minimum Safety Distance 11 GHz .......................................................................................... 260

11.2. Minimum Safety Distance 24 GHz .......................................................................................... 261

5© RACOM s.r.o. – RAy2 Microwave Link

Important Notice

© 2014 RACOM. All rights reserved. Products offered may contain software proprietary to RACOM s. r. o. (further referred to under the abbreviated name RACOM). The offer of supply of these products and services does not include or infer any transfer of ownership. No part of the documentation or information supplied may be divulged to any third party without the express written consent of RACOM.

Disclaimer

Although every precaution has been taken in preparing this information, RACOM assumes no liability for errors and omissions, or any damages resulting from the use of this information. This document or the equipment may be modified without notice, in the interests of improving the product.

Trademark

All trademarks and product names are the property of their respective owners.

Important Notice

• Due to the nature of wireless communications, transmission and reception of data can never be

guaranteed. Data may be delayed, corrupted (i.e., have errors), or be totally lost. Significant delays or losses of data are rare when wireless devices such as the RAy2 are used in an appropriate manner within a well‐constructed network. RAy2 should not be used in situations where failure to transmit or receive data could result in damage of any kind to the user or any other party, including but not limited to personal injury, death, or loss of property. RACOM accepts no liability for damages of any kind resulting from delays or errors in data transmitted or received using RAy2, or for the failure of RAy2 to transmit or receive such data.

• Under no circumstances is RACOM or any other company or person responsible for incidental,

accidental or related damage arising as a result of the use of this product. RACOM does not provide the user with any form of guarantee containing assurance of the suitability and applicability for its application.

• RACOM products are not developed, designed or tested for use in applications which may directly

affect health and/or life functions of humans or animals, nor tobe a component of similarly important systems, and RACOM does not provide any guarantee when company products are used in such applications.

7© RACOM s.r.o. – RAy2 Microwave Link

Voltmeter

Antenna brackets

Antennas

Power supply

Required tools

RAy2

Plugs

Grease

Bushings

7×

2×

1×RJ45

1×

1×DC

3×3×

Connectors

Grease

Antenna

RAy2

Mounting

- right sided (pictured below)

- left sided

Quick guide

Accessing units

— Default IP addresses: 192.168.169.169/24 (L unit) Username: admin

192.168.169.170/24 (U unit) Password: admin

Set computer IP address within the IP range 192.168.169.1-255.

— Web browser access – https://192.168.169.169 (L unit)

or https://192.168.169.170 (U unit).

Accept the https security certificate issued by RACOM.

— If the units are linked to each other, the status indicator in management interface states “OK”

and status LED “AIR” lights green. If not, utilize the antenna alignment. (see pict. 11)

Configuration and backup of basic parameters

Set bandwidth, TX/RX channel, TX modulation, RF power, IP addresses (do not use the default ones), Access channels (ssh, https, …). Reboot both units and check the link status (to verify that the parameters are saved correctly) Backup the configuration in the Tools – Maintenance – Backup – Settings menu. Store the backup file to your PC.

1. Delivered items

3. Bracket and antenna mounting

2. Accessories

4. RAy unit and antenna lubrication

RAy2 Microwave Link – © RACOM s.r.o.8

Check the correct O – ring placement on the antenna

Ensure the antenna and unit are carefully aligned

Do not use excessive force!

Horizontal

Vertical

- the same polarization for both units

RAy2-10, RAy2-11

RAy2-17, RAy2-24

- cross polarization

- one side – horizontal

- the other side – vertical

Power supply

RJ45

DC cable

GND

RAy2

GND

Bushing

Plug

Seal unit interfaces with bushings and plugs

AC 230 V

PoE

PoE + Eth

SWITCH

DC fibre

Units must be grounded For surge protection - see user manual

Hint: Set QPSK, CS 7 MHz, max. TX power

Best RSS = minimum voltage in range 0–2 V

Step-by-step alignment – see user manual

Quick guide

5. Unit polarization

7. Power - DC

6. Unit installation

8. Power - PoE

9. Power grounding and connections

10. Sealing

11. Antenna alignment

ver. 1.7

9© RACOM s.r.o. – RAy2 Microwave Link

List of documentation

User manuals

■ Microwave Link RAy2 - this document

User manual RAy2-10, RAy2-11, RAy2-17, RAy2-24

■ Microwave Link RAy11, 17, 24

User manual RAy11, RAy17, RAy24

■ Microwave Link RAy10

User manual RAy10

Datasheets

■ RAy2 - Datasheet

■ RAy - Datasheet

■ RAy - SCADA Backbone

Application notes

■ RAy - Application notes

Contents of the box

• 2 pc RAy2

• 2 pc Cable bushing set, connectors

• 1 pc Grease marked "SILIKONOVE MAZIVO"

http://www.racom.eu/eng/products/m/ray17/index.html

http://www.racom.eu/eng/products/m/ray/index.html

http://www.racom.eu/download/hw/ray/free/eng/00_letaky/datasheet_RAY2_en.pdf

http://www.racom.eu/download/hw/ray/free/eng/00_letaky/datasheet_RAY_en.pdf

http://www.racom.eu/download/hw/ray/free/eng/00_letaky/leaflet_RAY_scada_en.pdf

http://www.racom.eu/download/hw/ray/free/cz/01_ray/RAy-AppNote-en.pdf

RAy2 Microwave Link – © RACOM s.r.o.10

RAy2 – Microwave Link

1. RAy2 – Microwave Link

The microwave link RAy2 is designed as a high-speed point-to-point wireless bridge for data transmission under the latest requirements of modern wireless transmission equipment.

RAy2 works with an ethernet interface and can be used in backhaul networks as well as a last-mile terminal.The design of microwave link RAy2 reflects effort on meeting the strictest criteria of ETSI standards, particularly for durability against interference, high receiver sensitivity and high output power to achieve maximum link distance. The native gigabit Ethernet interface is able to cope with full speed user data throughput at low latency. High availability of the link (up to 99.999%) is able to be achieved using hitless Adaptive coding and modulation. RAy2 microwave links can also be operated as a Short Range Device (SRD).

The link properties can be summarised as:

• High data throughput

• Spectrum effeciency

• Robustness

• Security - cofiguration via http, https, ssh

• User friendly interface, advanced diagnostics

Key technical features see Chapter 10, Technical parameters

Note

Operation of the RAy2-xx is described in this user manual. Operation of the RAy11, RAy17 and RAy24 is described in User Manual RAy11,17,241. Operation of the RAy10 is described in the RAy10 User Manual2.

http://www.racom.eu/eng/products/m/ray17/index.html

http://www.racom.eu/eng/products/m/ray/index.html

11© RACOM s.r.o. – RAy2 Microwave Link

Implementation Notes

2. Implementation Notes

2.1. Link calculation

Before a microwave link can be installed, an analysis and calculation of the microwave link must be made first. The analysis should take place before the site survey itself to get a clear idea about the dimensions of the antennas. The analysis consists of the following steps:

• Free space loss calculation

• Link budget calculation

• Rain attenuation

• Multipath fading

• Fade margin

• Fresnel zones calculation

This chapter explains the individual steps and an example of link design is given at the end.

NOTE - For quick reference you can use the calculator on www.racom.eu

2.1.1. Free space loss calculation

As the electromagnetic waves travel through open space they are attenuated. This attenuation is described as Free-space Loss. The loss depends on the distance travelled by signal and its frequency. Longer distance and higher frequency both mean greater attenuation. Free-space loss can be calculated thus:

FSL = 32.44 + 20log f + 20log D

Where:

FSL

free-space loss (dB)

frequency of the emitted signal (MHz)

length of the link (km)

2.1.2. Link budget calculation

The goal is to design a link producing a received signal stronger than the receiver's sensitivity at the required BER (typically 10-6). Since every radio signal in earth atmosphere is subject to fading, some difference between received signal level under normal circumstances and receiver sensitivity is needed to serve as a fade margin. The minimum value of fade margin can be calculated from the requirement for link availability (e.g. 99.999% of the time). The required margin depends on the length of the link as well as other factors such as rain attenuation, diffraction and multipath propagation.

If we ignore the additional loss along the path, the received signal strength can be calculated using the formula for signal propagation in free space as follows:

PR= PT+ GT+ GR- FSL

Where

http://www.racom.eu/eng/products/microwave-link.html#calculation_obsah

RAy2 Microwave Link – © RACOM s.r.o.12

Implementation Notes

FSL

received power level (dBm)

transmitted power (dBm)

transmitting antenna gain (dBi)

receiving antenna gain (dBi)

free space loss (dB)

PRmust be:

PR> P

Where:

receiver sensitivity (dBm)

The receiver’s sensitivity defines the minimum level of the received signal at which the receiver is able to process the signal without losses or affecting the transmitted data (for BER better then 10-6).

2.1.3. Fade margin

Determining sufficient fade margin is the most important step in microwave link design. If the margin is too small, the link will be unstable – as a result, sufficient availability of the link or quality of the provided services cannot be guaranteed. On the other hand, unnecessarily large margin makes the link more expensive (higher performance, larger and more expensive antennas) and increases the cost of creating the microwave link.

The following paragraphs describe the two most significant types of signal strength loss – rain and multipath attenuation, which are the most frequent along with free space loss. Mutual relation between rain and multipath attenuation rules out the possibility that the link could be affected by both types of attenuation at the same time – these types of attenuation do not add up. To determine the fade margin it is necessary to calculate both rain and multipath attenuation. The larger of the two types of attenuation determines the value of fade margin. In areas with high precipitation, rain attenuation can be expected to be more prominent. By contrast, links located in drier climates and little inclination, will suffer more from multipath attenuation.

2.1.4. Rain attenuation

For frequencies of about 10 GHz rain attenuation starts to become increasingly effective. Precipitation is not identical in all areas which is why ITU released a recommendation Rec. ITU-R PN.837-1 for splitting the world into 15 regions according to precipitation intensity see Fig. 2.1, for more detail Appendix B, Rain zone map. In the areas with higher precipitation greater rain attenuation must be expected and a greater signal fade margin must be established; see the calculation of link availability.

The following properties are inherent to rain attenuation:

• It increases exponentially with rain intensity

• It becomes significantly larger as the distance travelled increases (>10 Km)

• Horizontal polarization causes greater rain attenuation than vertical polarization

• Rain outage increases dramatically with frequency and path length

13© RACOM s.r.o. – RAy2 Microwave Link

Implementation Notes

Fig. 2.1: Rain zone map, based on Rec.ITU-R PN.837-1

Rain attenuation can be calculated using ITU-R outage model, which consists of the following:

Obtain the rain rate R R

values are defined for 15 rain zones and different time percentages and they are given in ITU-R

0.01

exceeded for 0.01 per cent of the time (with an integration time of 1 min).

0.01

Recommendation P.837.

Tab. 2.1: Rain rate R (mm/h) ITU-R P.837

Percentage

of time (%)

QPNMLKJHGFEDCBA

1412542158231.70.62.10.70.5<0.11.0

4934151174213474.52.44.52.820.80.3

7265352215122010128685320.1

96105654033232818201512139650.03

11514595636042353230282219151280.01

14220014095105704555455441292621140.003

1702501801201501005583657870424232220.001

Compute specific attenuation γR(dB/km) for the frequency, polarization, specific rain rate using ITU-R recommendation P.838. Rain attenuation for rain rate γ

h,v

= k

0.01

h,v.R0.01

can be calculated as follows:

0.01

where:

RAy2 Microwave Link – © RACOM s.r.o.14

Implementation Notes

h,v

, α

constants for horizontal and vertical polarization. Constants are slightly different for each

h,v

polarization, see next table according to ITU-R P.838

Tab. 2.2: Constants k, α for horizontal and vertical polarization at 10, 11, 17 and 24 GHz

Fig. 2.2: Attenuation for 10 GHz, polarization H, V

1.220.011.260.0110 GHz

1.160.021.210.0211 GHz

1.010.071.090.0617 GHz

0.960.141.010.1424 GHz

Fig. 2.3: Attenuation for 11 GHz, polarization H, V

Fig. 2.4: Attenuation for 17 GHz, polarization H, V

Fig. 2.5: Attenuation for 24 GHz, polarization H, V

Fig. 2.2 shows that rain attenuation is greater for horizontal polarization. In regions with higher precipitation the difference in attenuation is more marked. The microwave links RAy17 and RAy24 use both polarizations, hence the need to consider the worse of the two, i.e. horizontal polarization. When ACM

15© RACOM s.r.o. – RAy2 Microwave Link

Implementation Notes

is active we recommend using horizontal polarization in the direction with lower data traffic (typically up-link).

2.1.5. Multipath fading

Multipath fading is another dominant fading mechanism. A reflected wave causes a phenomenon known as multipath, meaning that the radio signal can travel multiple paths to reach the receiver. Typically, multipath occurs when a reflected wave reaches the receiver at the same time in opposite phase as the direct wave that travels in a straight line from the transmitter.

Multipath propagation gives rise to two kinds of signal degrading effects, i.e., flat fading and frequency selective fading. Flat fading is a reduction in input signal level where all frequencies in the channel of interest are equally affected and is dependent on path length, frequency, and path inclination. In addition, it is strongly dependent on the geoclimatic factor K.

To calculate the probability of outage due to multipath propagation of microwave links the ITU-R probability model can be used which describes a single frequency (or narrowband) fading distribution suitable for large fade depths A in the average worst month in any part of the world (based on ITU-R P.530-14). The calculation for detailed link design is given as follows [1]:

P0= Kd

3.4

(1+|εP|)

-1.03f0.8

0.00067hL-A/10

×10

where:

link distance (km)

frequency (GHz)

altitude of lower antenna (m)

fade depth (dB)

K is geoclimatic factor and can be obtained from:

K = 10

-4.6-0.0027dN1

The term dN1 is provided on a 1.5° grid in latitude and longitude in ITU-R Recommendation P.453. The data are available in a tabular format and are available from the Radiocommunication Bureau (BR). E.g. in Central Europe the values dN1 range from -242 to -362.

From the antenna heights heand hr(meters above sea level), calculate the magnitude of the path inclination │εP│ (mrad) using the following expression:

where:

hr, h

link distance (km)

antenna heights above sea level (m)

RAy2 Microwave Link – © RACOM s.r.o.16

aaaaa

× ×

Implementation Notes

2.1.6. Fresnel zones calculation

The position of obstacles between points of the bridge can significantly influence the quality of the microwave link. The radio signal doesn't only radiate along the line of sight, but also in the area around it, i.e. in the so-called 1st Fresnel zone. Within this zone 90 % of the energy is transmitted between the transmitter and receiver antenna. This space has the shape of an ellipsoid. If it is disturbed the link has poorer transmission properties and a higher quality antenna is required. For this reason the position of the antenna can be just as important as its height above ground. 60 % of the 1st Fresnel zone is considered as the most important.

Fig. 2.6: Fresnel zone

The general equation for calculating the first Fresnel zone radius at any point P in between the endpoints of the link is the following:

Where:

F1first Fresnel Zone radius in metres

d1distance of P from one end in metres

d2The distance of P from the other end in metres

λ wavelength of the transmitted signal in metres

The cross sectional radius of each Fresnel zone is the highest in the center of link, shrinking to a point at the antenna on each end. For practical applications, it is often useful to know the maximum radius of the first Fresnel zone. From the above formula, calculation of the first Fresnel zone can be simplified to:

where:

max radius of first Fresnel zone (m)

reducing the radius to 60% get values listed in the following table that define the space particularly sensitive to the presence of obstacles

17© RACOM s.r.o. – RAy2 Microwave Link

Stanovení

požadavků

Výpočet ú tlumu při

šíření prostorem

Výpoštčet ú niku

vlivem de ě a

vícecestným šířením

Volba vysílacího

výkonu antén

Kalkulace spoje

Výsledek

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Implementation Notes

total link distance (km)

frequency (GHz)

Tab. 2.3: 60 % of the 1st Fresnel zone

Radius of zone r for frequencyLength of link D

24 GHz17 GHz11 GHz

0.75 m0.89 m1.10 m0,5 km

1.06 m1.25 m1.56 m1 km

1.50 m1.77 m2.21 m2 km

2.12 m2.50 m3.13 m4 km

2.60 m3.07 m3.84 m6 km

3.00 m3.54 m4.43 m8 km

3.35 m3.96 m4.95 m10 km

4.10 m4.85 m6.06 m15 km

4.74 m5.60 m7.00 m20 km

11.07 m50 km

2.2. Example of microwave link design

Fig. 2.7: Design flowchart

Step 1 - Requirements Determination

Link parameters:

Link distance: 4 km First antenna height above sea level: 295 m Second antenna height above sea level: 320 m Location: Central Europe (rain zone H, refraction gradient dN1= −300)

Transmission requirements:

Required data rate: >160 Mbps Required availability: 99.99 %

RAy parameters:

17 GHz 161 Mbps -> Modulation 16QAM; BW=56 MHz; PS(BER 10-6)= −79 dBm Tx power +5 dBm (max. Tx power) Antenna gain:

RAy2 Microwave Link – © RACOM s.r.o.18

30 cm ... 32.2 dBi 60 cm ... 37.8 dBi 99 cm ... 42 dBi

Step 2 - Free space loss calculation

FSL = 32.44 + 20log f + 20log D = 32.44 + 20log17.2·103+ 20log4 = 129.1 dB

Step 3a - Rain attenuation

Implementation Notes

For 99.99% availability in rain zone B the rain rate is R

=32 (see Fig. 2.1)

0.01

For f=17 GHz kh=0.06146; αh=1.0949; kv=0.06797; αv=1.0137 Vertical polarization:

R0.01

= kv.R

0.01

= 0.07 · 32

1.01

= 2.32 dB/km => for 4km distance 9.3 dB

Horizontal polarization:

R0.01

= kh.R

0.01

= 0.06 · 32

1.09

= 2.62 dB/km => for 4km distance 10.5 dB

Step 3b - Attenuation due to multipath propagation

We have to find required fade margin for reliability of the link 99.99 percent. Path inclination:

The percentage of time that fade depth A (dB) is exceeded in the average worst month is calculated as:

P0= Kd

P0= 10

3.4

(1+|εP|)

-4.6-0.0027×(-300)×43.4

P0= 0.022871×10

-1.03f0.8

×10

-0.19765-A/10

0.00067hL-A/10

(1+|6.25|)

-1.03

17.2

0.8

0.032×10-0.00067×295-A/10

×10

For reliability 99.99% is P0=0.01 we get exponential function for A:

A = -0.19765 - 10log(0.01/0.022871) = 3.4 dB

The minimum fade margin required to suppress multipath fading on this link would be 4 dB.

Step 4 - Choice of Tx power and antennas

Step 5 - and Link budget calculation

Calculation in steps 3a and 3b determines the minimum fade margin required for stable link operation as 11 dB (rain attenuation is dominant). If you use the maximum performance of antenna with diameter of 30 cm, complete the radio formula as follows:

PR= PT+ GT+ GR− FSL = 5 + 32.2 + 32.2 − 129.1 = −59.7 dB

Fade margin:

A = |PS| − |PR| = 79 − 59.7 = 19.3 dB

The resulting fade margin is larger than the required 11 dB. Current legislation in the Czech Republic allows maximum EIRP of +20, i.e. the sum of transmit power and antenna gain at the transmitter can be 20 dB at the most. For 99cm antennas, TX power can be up to 20 - 42 = -22 dB, the resultant equation is as follows:

PR= PT+ GT+ GR− FSL = -22 + 42 + 42 − 129.1 = −67.1 dB

19© RACOM s.r.o. – RAy2 Microwave Link

Implementation Notes

Fade margin:

A = |PS| − |PR| = 79 − 67.1 = 11.9 dB Fade margin is now only 12 dB which corresponds to link availability > 99.99% of the time in a year. Technical literature often gives the minimum fade margin of 20 dB. For very long links (more than

10 km) fade margin will, indeed, be approximately 20 dB. For shorter links, however, such large margin is not necessary. It is helpful to first conduct the calculation above to receive an idea of the attenuation affecting the link.

The result

To achieve the required transmission capacity and link availability for link distance of 4 km, transmit power -22 dBm and 99 cm antennas were selected for both sides of the link.

Sources for Chapter Chapter 2, Implementation Notes:

[1] Lehpamer, H.: Microwave transmission network, Second edition, ISBN: 0071701222, McGraw-Hill Professional, 2010.

ITU-R recommendation used:

• ITU-R P.453-10 – The radio refractive index: its formula and refractivity data

• ITU-R P.530-14 – Propagation data and prediction methods required for the design of terrestrial line-of-sight systems

• ITU-R P.837-1 and 6 – Characteristics of precipitation for propagation modelling

• ITU-R P.838-3 – Specific attenuation model for rain for use in prediction methods

• ITU-R P.310, ITU-R P.526, ITU-R P.676, ITU-R P.834, ITU-R P.835

RAy2 Microwave Link – © RACOM s.r.o.20

Product

3. Product

RAy2 microwave links enable transmissions in both bands requiring license fees and those that are free. They work as a point-to-point link in a full duplex setting with transfer speeds of up to 360 Mbps. Bandwidth can be configured from 1.75 up to 56 MHz. Modulation can be fixed or adaptive and can be adjusted from QPSK to 256QAM. RAy2 microwave links can also be operated as a Short Range Device (SRD).

Fig. 3.1: RAy2 – Microwave link

The link is formed by two FOD (Full Outdoor) units. In the case of links operating in the RAy2-17 and RAy2-24 bands, both units have identical hardware. In the case of links operating in licensed bands, one unit (labeled L) is transmitting in the Lower and receiving in the Upper part of the band. The other unit (labeled U) is operating vice versa.

RAy2 links require the use of external parabolic antennas. Parabolic antennas from different producers are available.

Cross polarization - valid only for links operating in the RAy2-17 and RAy2-24 bands:

One side of the link uses one polarization for transmission (e.g. horizontal) and the opposite polarization for receiving (e.g. vertical). The other side of the link is turned by 90°. It therefore transmits and receives using opposite polarizations with respect to the other unit.

Product

3.1. Mounting

Fig. 3.2: RAy2 Microwave link – antenna and FOD unit

The antenna is attached to the mast using a holder adjustable in two planes. The RAy2 unit is then mounted on the antenna. There are two possible mounting positions – for horizontal and vertical polarization. Installation and adjustment of the holder is described in the Section 6.2, “Antenna mounting”.

Note

The RAy2-10 and RAy2-11 units must be mounted with the same polarization while the units RAy2-17 and RAy2-24 must be mounted with reverse polarity, see Cross polarization.

3.2. Connectors

Each unit is equipped with the following interfaces:

■ ETH1+POE – Gigabit metallic Ethernet port. This port is capable of powering the unit with any Power over Ethernet power source working according to IEEE 802.3at standard.

■ ETH2 – Slot for user exchangeable SFP module. A wide range of optical modules is available. Both single or dual mode transceivers can be used. An SFP module with metallic RJ45 interface can also be used. The SFP status LED is located just next to the slot.

■ P – DC power connector. HW button for service purposes.

■ S – USB service connector. RSS voltage output connectors.

Important

It is strongly recommended to use a high quality SFP module. The SFP modules listed in Accessories are thoroughly tested by RACOM and are guaranteed to function with RAy2 units. It is possible to use any other SFP module, but RACOM cannot guarantee they will be completely compatible with RAy2 units.

Product

The SFP status LED function: The LED status is controlled directly from the SFP module. Its function is specific for each SFP module. The typical behaviour is an indication of the received signal strength. Should the signal be in the proper power range (not too strong and not too weak), the LED is shining.

Fig. 3.3: Connectors covered Fig. 3.4: Connectors uncovered

Important

It is recommended that the ETH cable should be grounded at both ends of the connection. For example, the connector CON-RJ45-UBNT-CAT6 and ETH socket on the control panel should have a grounded sheath as should the connection to the RAy2 unit.

All bushings and plugs (including the original plugs in the ports) must be fitted with O-rings and carefully tightened. Otherwise, the unit is not protected against moisture intake and can not offer guaranteed functionality.

For detailed description see Connectors and Start up.

3.3. Power supply

The microwave unit can be powered either by PoE or a DC power source:

• Standard PoE plus (IEEE 802.3at) power source connected to the “ETH1+POE” connector. Supported voltage range is 40 — 60 V, distances up to 100 m. Internal RJ45 pins wiring is : ○ (V+) ... 1,2,4,5 ○ (V-) ... 3,6,7,8

It is possible to use all 8 pins or only 4 pins. Use: ○ either 4,5 (V+) and 7,8 (V-) ○ or 1,2 (V+) and 3,6 (V-) ○ or both simultaneously

• Any kind of DC power source connected to “P” 3-pin connector. Supported voltage range is 20 — 60 V.

Important

The microwave unit doesn't support a combination of both power supplies. Only one power supply can be connected at any one time.

RAy2

GND

RAy2

GND

RAy2

GND

RAy2

GND

RAy2

GND

HW button

Product

The internal DC power source uses galvanic separation. If the galvanic separated power source is used and the DC power line needs to be grounded (either positive or negative wire), the middle pin of the 3-port DC connector can be used to make a connection between ground and the respective power wire, see Grounding options (d),(e). If grounding is required it should only be made in one of the following ways: on the DC power source side or using the 3-port DC connector plugged into the unit.

The next figure shows all available grounding options. We recommend the use of a galvanic separated power source and no additional DC grounding - see Fig. 3.5, “Grounding options” version c).

Fig. 3.5: Grounding options

Fig. 3.6: Power supply connector 1

Fig. 3.7: Power supply connector 2

3.4. Status LEDs

Fig. 3.8: Status LEDs

Tab. 3.1: Meaning of LED status indicators

FunctionColourDiode

Product

AIR

Green

SYS

Red

Green

ETH

Orange

Flashing regularly 500 ms on / 500 ms off Flashing intermittently 50 ms on / 950 ms off Flashing irregularly by passing frames

Permanently lit: AIR link OKGreen Permanently lit: AIR LOSS, loss of connectivityRed Permanently lit: system OK

Permanently lit: together with SYS Red - unit is starting Flashing regularly: HW button pushed on the unit running;

factory defaults in progress; Firmware writing in progress. DO NOT POWER OFF !!

Permanently lit: together with SYS Green - unit is starting;

serious system error Flashing regularly: HW button just pressed Flashing intermittently: unit in the service Linux

ETH1 port Flashing regularly: Auto Negotiation in progress Flashing irregularly: Link Activity 10/100/1000 Permanently lit: Link 10/100/1000

ETH2 port Flashing regularly: Auto Negotiation in progress Flashing irregularly: Link Activity 10/100/1000 Permanently lit: Link 10/100/1000

3.5. Technical parameters

Basic technical parameters are stated in chapter Technical parameters.

S/N: 10218446

Type:

RAy2-24

Code:

RAy2-24



TX/RX: 24.000-24.250 GHz/24.000-24.250 GHz

PoE IEEE 802.3at www.racom.eu 20-60V max.1.5A Made in Czech Republic

Product

3.6. Dimensions

Communication unit ODU

Outer size 244 x 244 x 157 mm•

Weight RAy2-10 — 2.8 kg•

• RAy2-11 — 2.8 kg

• RAy2-17 — 2.5 kg

• RAy2-24 — 2.5 kg

Diameters of supplied antennas

RAy2 units are ready for direct mounting to Jirous1Class 2 antennas. Individual datasheets are accessible here2.

Tab. 3.2: Overview of antennas

24 GHz17 GHz10, 11 GHz

gaindiametergaindiametergaindiameter

36.8 dBi40 cm34.8 dBi40 cm29.0 dBi38 cm

41.7 dBi68 cm38.6 dBi68 cm35.5 dBi65 cm

44.0 dBi90 cm41.0 dBi90 cm37.5 dBi90 cm

46.6 dBi120 cm43.7 dBi120 cm41.0 dBi120 cm

Andrew (Class 2 or 3) or Arkivator antennas can also be used but require an antenna mounting kit. Flexible waveguide is a general-purpose option for any antenna usage.

Name plate

The plate contains name, bar code record, CE label, etc.:

• Type – RAy2 product line identification

• Code – detailed identification of the unit type (for details see Section 3.7, “Ordering codes”)

• S/N – serial number, MW link consists of two separated units with two different serial numbers

• QR code - www link to the latest version of the User manual

• Power DC supply connector polarity marks

Fig. 3.9: Name plate

http://en.jirous.com/

http://www.racom.eu/eng/products/microwave-link.html#accessories_jirous

Type

Frequency Ordering code

Lower [GHz] Upper [GHz] Lower unit Upper unit

10 GHz

10.30 – 10.42 10.47 – 10.59

RAy2-10-LA RAy2-10-UA

10.125 – 10.325 10.475 – 10.675

RAy2-10-LB RAy2-10-UB

11 GHz

10.695 – 10.970 11.185 – 11.460

RAy2-11-LA RAy2-11-UA

10.935 – 11.195 11.425 – 11.695

RAy2-11-LB RAy2-11-UB

17 GHz 17.100 – 17.300

RAy2-17

18 GHz

17.700 – 18.209 18.710 – 19.219

RAy2-18-LA RAy2-18-UA

18.167 – 18.690 19.177 – 19.700

RAy2-18-LB RAy2-18-UB

24 GHz 24.000 – 24.250

RAy2-24

ver 5.0

1) RAy2-18 not available yet

The

Feature keys

ordering code consists of three parts:

RAy2-

SW- 360

Product type RAy2

Feature key type. The "SW" key is available now. This key unlocks the User speed to a given value. The default user speed without the feature key is the minimum for the respective HW unit.

Feature key value. In case of User speed it states Mbps. Possible values 200, 360.

Product

3.7. Ordering codes

The proper pair (from the same row) of Lower and Upper units should be selected when ordering the microwave link. This is not valid for RAy2-17 and RAy2-24 units. In such a case the same unit is used for both sides of the link.

Tab. 3.3: Ordering codes

SW key possibilities, valid for RAy2-10, 11, 17, 18, 24:

• RAy2-SW-200 SW feature key - Capacity up to 200 Mbps

• RAy2-SW-360 SW feature key - Capacity up to 200 Mbps

• RAy2-SW-200-360 SW feature key - Capacity upgrade from 200 to 360 Mbps

Accessories

4. Accessories

4.1. Overview

Antenna Jirous

Short descriptionRACOM-PART-NUMBER

Antenna parabolic 0.38 m 10-11GHz with holder 28.0-29.0 dBi Class 2ANT-JRMA-380-10/11R Antenna parabolic 0.65 m 10-11GHz with holder 34.1-35.5 dBi Class 2ANT-JRMA-650-10/11R Antenna parabolic 0.9 m 10-11GHz with holder 37.0-37.5 dBi Class 2ANT-JRMB-900-10/11R Antenna parabolic 1.2 m 10-11GHz with holder 40.0-41.0 dBi Class 2ANT-JRMB-1200-10/11R Antenna parabolic 0.4 m 17 GHz with holder 34.8 dBi Class 2ANT-JRMB-400-17R Antenna parabolic 0.68 m 17 GHz with holder 38.6 dBi Class 2ANT-JRMB-680-17R Antenna parabolic 0.9 m 17 GHz with holder 41.0 dBi Class 2ANT-JRMB-900-17R Antenna parabolic 1.2 m 17 GHz with holder 44.6 dBi Class 2ANT-JRMB-1200-17R Antenna parabolic 0.4 m 24 GHz with holder 36.8 dBi Class 2ANT-JRMB-400-24R Antenna parabolic 0.68 m 24 GHz with holder 41.7 dBi Class 2ANT-JRMB-680-24R Antenna parabolic 0.9 m 24 GHz with holder 44.0 dBi Class 2ANT-JRMB-900-24R Antenna parabolic 1.2 m 24 GHz with holder 46.6 dBi Class 2ANT-JRMB-1200-24R

Antenna mounting kit

Set mouting RAy10/11 Antenna Andrew 60, 100SET-RAY10-ANW Set mouting RAy10/11 Antenna Arkivator 30, 60, 99, 120SET-RAY10-ARK Set mouting RAy17 Antenna Andrew 30, 60, 100SET-RAY17-ANW Set mouting RAy17 Antenna Arkivator 30, 60, 99SET-RAY17-ARK Set mouting RAy24 Antenna Andrew 30, 60, 100SET-RAY24-ANW Set mouting RAy24 Antenna Arkivator 30, 60, 99, 120SET-RAY24-ARK

Flexible waveguide mounting kit

Set mouting RAy2 to flange R100SET-RAY-FX-R100 Set mouting RAy2 to flange R120SET-RAY-FX-R120

Cable bushing

Basic set cable bushings and connectorsSET-RAY2-CON-B Cable bushing lengthening, PG21, 35 mmSET-RAY2-EXT35 Cable bushing lengthening, PG21, Flexi, 50cmSET-RAY2-EXT-F50

Power supply DC

Power supply PoE

Power supply holder

Surge protection

Power supply 90-260 VAC / 50 W at 27.6 VDC MeanWellPWS-AC/DC-AD-55B

Power supply PoE 1xGb Eth 90-264 VAC/ 33.6 W at 56 VDC PhihongPWR-POE36U-1AT Power supply PoE 1xGb Eth 36-72 VDC/ 33.6 W at 56 VDC PhihongPWR-POE36D-1AT

DIN rail holder for PoE PhihongHOL-POE-PHI-1A

Surge protection 1Gb Eth Cat.6 LPZ0B-LPZ1 IP20 -40/+85°COTH-DL-1GRJ45 Surge protection 1Gb Eth Cat.6 LPZ2-LPZ3 IP20 -40/+85°COTH-DL-CAT.6-60V

CAT5e, CAT7 cable

Double shell outdoor FTP Cat5e cable TELDORCAB-CAT5E-FTP-TLD Double shell outdoor FTP Cat7 cable PEWTRONICCAB-S/FTP 4x

CAT6 connector

Connector TC-CON, STP RJ45, Cat6, 8p8c, wire, pleated, AWG24, UBNTCON-RJ45-UBNT-CAT6 Set RJ45 connector (Telegärtner) and cable bushing lengthening (35mm)SET-RAY2-TLG-EXT35

SFP module RJ45

SFP module, RJ45 interface, -40°C to +85°C , AvagoSFP-RJ45-AVAGO

SFP module optical

SFP module, 2-fibres, LC, 10km, -40°C to +85°C, APAC OptoSFP-DLC-APAC

Fibre cable patchcord/pigtail

Accessories

CAB-FIB-2F-DLC/DLC-OFA5m

CAB-FIB-1F-LC/LC-OFA-5m

DC & Fibre cable patchcord

OFA-030m

DC cable

DC surge protection

RAy grounding kit

Access adapters

Fibre patch cord, 2-fibres, single mode, LC-connector — LC-connector,

OFA, 5 m

Fibre patch cord, 1-fibre, single mode, LC-connector — LC-connector,

OFA, 5 m

Fibre pigtail, 2-fibres, single mode, LC-connector — loose end, OFA, 5 mCAB-FIB-2F-DLC/x-OFA-5m Fibre pigtail, 1-fibre, single mode, LC-connector — loose end, OFA, 5 mCAB-FIB-1F-LC/x-OFA-5m

DC power cable - Fibre: patchcord, 2-fibresCAB-HYB-2F-DLC/DLC-

DC power cable 2x1.5 mm, silicone rubberCAB-DC-2x1.5

Overvoltage protection, DC 24V, LPZ1-LPZ2, IP20, -40/+85°C , SaltekOTH-DP-024

Grounding kit for antenna cableKIT-GROUDING-1/4" Grounding kit for mast groundingKIT-GROUDING-RAY

Wifi adapterOTH-W1-WIFI Ethernet adapterSET-X5-ETH/USB

Accessories

4.2. Details

Antenna

The overview of different Jirous antenna types is listed in Section 3.6, “Dimensions”. The antenna choice determines radio link properties. The radio link calculation should be performed to determine proper antenna size. Rough calculation can be done using a simple on-line calculator.

• see the Overview

• List of datasheets

Antenna mounting kit

Other manufacturer's antennas can also be used with RAy2 links. The RAy2 unit can be attached by means of special interconnetions. There are several types of these parts for Andrew and Arkivator antennas. It is also possible to develop interconnetions for other antenna types.

• see the Overview

• The bracket for mounting FOD unit on the antenna.

Flexible waveguide mounting kit

The RAy2 unit can be attached to the antenna by flexible waveguide.

• SET-RAY-FX-R100

• SET-RAY-FX-R120

• The bracket for mounting the flexible waveguide on the FOD unit.

Cable bushing

• SET-RAY2-CON-B

• Basic set cable bushings and connectors contains: ○ 3 pc standard PG21 bushing with nut ○ 2 pc blind plug Racom ○ 3 pc O-ring ○ 2 pc rubber sealing small diameter ○ 3 pc rubber sealing medium diameter ○ 2 pc rubber sealing big diameter ○ 1 pc DC connector ○ 1 pc tie wrap ○ 1 pc connector jumper ○ 1 pc RJ-45 ethernet connector

http://www.racom.eu/eng/products/microwave-link.html#calculation

http://www.racom.eu/eng/products/microwave-link.html#accessories

+ 259 hidden pages

Racom RAY2 24 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

RAy2 Microwave Link

Table of Contents

Important Notice

Quick guide

List of documentation

1. RAy2 – Microwave Link

2. Implementation Notes

2.1. Link calculation

2.1.1. Free space loss calculation

2.1.2. Link budget calculation

2.1.3. Fade margin

2.1.4. Rain attenuation

2.1.5. Multipath fading

2.1.6. Fresnel zones calculation

2.2. Example of microwave link design

3. Product

3.1. Mounting

3.2. Connectors

3.3. Power supply

3.4. Status LEDs

3.5. Technical parameters

3.6. Dimensions

3.7. Ordering codes

4. Accessories

4.1. Overview

4.2. Details