Racom RAY2 24 User Manual

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Page 1

User manual

www.racom.eu

RACOMs.r.o. •Mirova1283•59231NoveMestonaMorave•CzechRepublic

Tel.:+420565659511•Fax:+420565659512•E-mail: racom@racom.eu

RAy2 Microwave Link

fw 2.1.x.x

3/17/2016 version 1.14

Page 2

Page 3

Important Notice .................................................................................................................................. 7

Quick guide ......................................................................................................................................... 8

List of documentation ........................................................................................................................ 10

1. RAy2 – Microwave Link ................................................................................................................. 11

2. Implementation Notes ................................................................................................................... 12

2.1. Link calculation ................................................................................................................... 12

2.1.1. Free space loss calculation ..................................................................................... 12

2.1.2. Link budget calculation ............................................................................................ 12

2.1.3. Fade margin ............................................................................................................ 13

2.1.4. Rain attenuation ...................................................................................................... 13

2.1.5. Multipath fading ....................................................................................................... 16

2.1.6. Fresnel zones calculation ........................................................................................ 17

2.2. Example of microwave link design ..................................................................................... 18

3. Product .......................................................................................................................................... 21

3.1. Mounting ............................................................................................................................. 22

3.2. Connectors ......................................................................................................................... 22

3.3. Power supply ...................................................................................................................... 23

3.4. Status LEDs ....................................................................................................................... 25

3.5. Technical parameters ......................................................................................................... 25

3.6. Dimensions ......................................................................................................................... 26

3.7. Ordering codes ................................................................................................................... 27

4. Accessories ................................................................................................................................... 28

4.1. Overview ........................................................................................................................... 28

4.2. Details ................................................................................................................................30

5. Step-by-step Guide ....................................................................................................................... 36

5.1. Service access ................................................................................................................... 37

5.1.1. Menu Link settings - General ................................................................................... 38

5.1.2. Menu Link - Service access - Services ................................................................... 39

5.1.3. Menu Link - Service access - Users ........................................................................ 40

5.1.4. Menu Maintenance - Feature keys .......................................................................... 40

5.2. Basic link configuration ....................................................................................................... 40

5.3. Link test .............................................................................................................................. 40

6. Installation ..................................................................................................................................... 42

6.1. Line of sight test ................................................................................................................. 42

6.2. Antenna mounting .............................................................................................................. 42

6.2.1. Mounting methods ................................................................................................... 42

6.2.2. Mounting the FOD unit on the antenna ................................................................... 45

6.2.3. Lubrication and preservation of the antenna pivot .................................................. 49

6.2.4. Flexible waveguide .................................................................................................. 49

6.3. Connectors assembly ......................................................................................................... 50

6.4. Grounding ........................................................................................................................... 52

6.5. Start up ............................................................................................................................... 57

6.5.1. Noise on the site ...................................................................................................... 57

6.5.2. Directing antennas ................................................................................................... 57

6.5.3. Link test ................................................................................................................... 61

6.5.4. Parameters setup .................................................................................................... 61

7. Configuration ................................................................................................................................. 62

7.1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 62

7.2. Status bar ........................................................................................................................... 63

7.3. Status ................................................................................................................................. 65

7.3.1. Status - General ...................................................................................................... 66

3© RACOM s.r.o. – RAy2 Microwave Link

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RAy2 Microwave Link

7.3.2. Status - Radio .......................................................................................................... 66

7.3.3. Status - Switch interface .......................................................................................... 68

7.3.4. Status - Service access ........................................................................................... 68

7.3.5. Status - Radio link statistics ..................................................................................... 68

7.4. Link settings ....................................................................................................................... 69

7.4.1. General .................................................................................................................... 69

7.4.2. Radio ....................................................................................................................... 70

7.4.3. Service access ........................................................................................................ 72

7.4.4. Alarms ..................................................................................................................... 80

7.5. Switch settings ................................................................................................................... 83

7.5.1. Status ...................................................................................................................... 83

7.5.2. Interface ................................................................................................................... 92

7.5.3. QoS ....................................................................................................................... 111

7.5.4. Advanced ............................................................................................................... 114

7.6. Tools ................................................................................................................................. 142

7.6.1. Maintenance .......................................................................................................... 142

7.6.2. Live data ................................................................................................................ 150

7.6.3. History ................................................................................................................... 153

7.6.4. Logs ....................................................................................................................... 157

7.6.5. Programs ............................................................................................................... 158

7.7. Help .................................................................................................................................. 162

8. Command Line Interface ............................................................................................................. 165

8.1. Connection via CLI ........................................................................................................... 165

8.1.1. Telnet ..................................................................................................................... 165

8.1.2. Putty ...................................................................................................................... 165

8.1.3. SSH ....................................................................................................................... 165

8.2. Working with CLI .............................................................................................................. 166

8.2.1. SSH keys ............................................................................................................... 167

8.2.2. Scripts .................................................................................................................... 167

8.3. Configuration with CLI ...................................................................................................... 168

8.3.1. Configuration file .................................................................................................... 168

8.3.2. Firmware upgrade ................................................................................................. 168

8.3.3. Remote unit authorization ...................................................................................... 168

9. Troubleshooting ........................................................................................................................... 170

10. Technical parameters ............................................................................................................... 172

10.1. General parameters ...................................................................................................... 172

10.1.1. Technical parameters overview ........................................................................... 172

10.1.2. Link speed ........................................................................................................... 174

10.2. Nominal frequency tables description ............................................................................ 176

10.3. RAy2-10 parameters ...................................................................................................... 177

10.3.1. Upper/Lower Limits .............................................................................................. 177

10.3.2. Radio parameters ................................................................................................ 178

10.3.3. Nominal frequencies, band 10.30 – 10.59 GHz .................................................. 181

10.3.4. Nominal frequencies, band 10.15 – 10.65 GHz .................................................. 184

10.4. RAy2-11 A,B parameters ................................................................................................ 188

10.4.1. Upper/Lower Limits .............................................................................................. 188

10.4.2. Radio parameters ................................................................................................ 189

10.4.3. Nominal frequencies, duplex 490 MHz ................................................................ 192

10.4.4. Nominal frequencies, duplex 530 MHz ................................................................ 198

10.5. RAy2-11 C,D parameters ............................................................................................... 204

10.6. RAy2-17 parameters ...................................................................................................... 205

10.6.1. Upper/Lower Limits .............................................................................................. 205

RAy2 Microwave Link – © RACOM s.r.o.4

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RAy2 Microwave Link

10.6.2. Radio parameters ................................................................................................ 206

10.6.3. Nominal frequencies ............................................................................................ 209

10.7. RAy2-18 parameters ...................................................................................................... 216

10.7.1. Upper/Lower Limits .............................................................................................. 216

10.7.2. Radio parameters ................................................................................................ 217

10.7.3. Nominal frequencies ............................................................................................ 221

10.8. RAy2-24 parameters ...................................................................................................... 233

10.8.1. Upper/Lower Limits .............................................................................................. 233

10.8.2. Radio parameters ................................................................................................ 234

10.8.3. Nominal frequencies 24.00-24.25 GHz ............................................................... 237

10.8.4. Nominal frequencies 24.05-24.25 GHz ............................................................... 244

10.8.5. Nominal frequencies 24.05-24.25 GHz FCC ....................................................... 251

10.8.6. Nominal frequencies 24.00-24.15 GHz ............................................................... 255

11. Safety, environment, licensing ................................................................................................... 260

11.1. Frequency ....................................................................................................................... 260

11.2. Safety distance ............................................................................................................... 260

11.3. Professional installation .................................................................................................. 261

11.4. RoHS and WEEE compliance ........................................................................................ 261

11.5. Liability for Defects and Safety Instructions .................................................................... 262

11.6. Important Notifications .................................................................................................... 262

11.7. Warranty ......................................................................................................................... 263

11.8. Declaration of Conformity ............................................................................................... 264

11.9. FCC authorization of transmitters ................................................................................... 268

11.10. Country of Origin Declaration ....................................................................................... 269

A. Antenna dimensions ................................................................................................................... 270

B. Rain zone map ............................................................................................................................ 271

C. IP address in the PC (Windows XP) ........................................................................................... 272

D. IP address in the PC (Windows 7) .............................................................................................. 274

E. IP address in the PC (Windows 8) .............................................................................................. 276

F. SSH key generation .....................................................................................................................279

G. Https certificate ........................................................................................................................... 281

H. Unit block diagrams .................................................................................................................... 282

Index ................................................................................................................................................ 283

I. Revision History ........................................................................................................................... 287

List of Tables

2.1. Rain rate R (mm/h) ITU-R P.837 ................................................................................................ 14

2.2. Constants k, α for horizontal and vertical polarization at 10, 11, 17 and 24 GHz ...................... 15

2.3. 60 % of the 1st Fresnel zone ..................................................................................................... 18

3.1. Meaning of LED status indicators .............................................................................................. 25

3.2. Overview of antennas ................................................................................................................. 26

3.3. Ordering codes ........................................................................................................................... 27

10.1. Technical parameters ............................................................................................................. 172

11.1. Minimum Safety Distance 11 GHz .......................................................................................... 260

11.2. Minimum Safety Distance 24 GHz .......................................................................................... 261

5© RACOM s.r.o. – RAy2 Microwave Link

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Important Notice

© 2014 RACOM. All rights reserved. Products offered may contain software proprietary to RACOM s. r. o. (further referred to under the abbreviated name RACOM). The offer of supply of these products and services does not include or infer any transfer of ownership. No part of the documentation or information supplied may be divulged to any third party without the express written consent of RACOM.

Disclaimer

Although every precaution has been taken in preparing this information, RACOM assumes no liability for errors and omissions, or any damages resulting from the use of this information. This document or the equipment may be modified without notice, in the interests of improving the product.

Trademark

All trademarks and product names are the property of their respective owners.

Important Notice

• Due to the nature of wireless communications, transmission and reception of data can never be

guaranteed. Data may be delayed, corrupted (i.e., have errors), or be totally lost. Significant delays or losses of data are rare when wireless devices such as the RAy2 are used in an appropriate manner within a well‐constructed network. RAy2 should not be used in situations where failure to transmit or receive data could result in damage of any kind to the user or any other party, including but not limited to personal injury, death, or loss of property. RACOM accepts no liability for damages of any kind resulting from delays or errors in data transmitted or received using RAy2, or for the failure of RAy2 to transmit or receive such data.

• Under no circumstances is RACOM or any other company or person responsible for incidental,

accidental or related damage arising as a result of the use of this product. RACOM does not provide the user with any form of guarantee containing assurance of the suitability and applicability for its application.

• RACOM products are not developed, designed or tested for use in applications which may directly

affect health and/or life functions of humans or animals, nor tobe a component of similarly important systems, and RACOM does not provide any guarantee when company products are used in such applications.

7© RACOM s.r.o. – RAy2 Microwave Link

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Voltmeter

Antenna brackets

Antennas

Power supply

Required tools

RAy2

Plugs

Grease

Bushings

7×

2×

1×RJ45

1×

1×DC

3×3×

Connectors

Grease

Antenna

RAy2

Mounting

- right sided (pictured below)

- left sided

Quick guide

Accessing units

— Default IP addresses: 192.168.169.169/24 (L unit) Username: admin

192.168.169.170/24 (U unit) Password: admin

Set computer IP address within the IP range 192.168.169.1-255.

— Web browser access – https://192.168.169.169 (L unit)

or https://192.168.169.170 (U unit).

Accept the https security certificate issued by RACOM.

— If the units are linked to each other, the status indicator in management interface states “OK”

and status LED “AIR” lights green. If not, utilize the antenna alignment. (see pict. 11)

Configuration and backup of basic parameters

Set bandwidth, TX/RX channel, TX modulation, RF power, IP addresses (do not use the default ones), Access channels (ssh, https, …). Reboot both units and check the link status (to verify that the parameters are saved correctly) Backup the configuration in the Tools – Maintenance – Backup – Settings menu. Store the backup file to your PC.

1. Delivered items

3. Bracket and antenna mounting

2. Accessories

4. RAy unit and antenna lubrication

RAy2 Microwave Link – © RACOM s.r.o.8

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Check the correct O – ring placement on the antenna

Ensure the antenna and unit are carefully aligned

Do not use excessive force!

Horizontal

Vertical

- the same polarization for both units

RAy2-10, RAy2-11

RAy2-17, RAy2-24

- cross polarization

- one side – horizontal

- the other side – vertical

Power supply

RJ45

DC cable

GND

RAy2

GND

Bushing

Plug

Seal unit interfaces with bushings and plugs

AC 230 V

PoE

PoE + Eth

SWITCH

DC fibre

Units must be grounded For surge protection - see user manual

Hint: Set QPSK, CS 7 MHz, max. TX power

Best RSS = minimum voltage in range 0–2 V

Step-by-step alignment – see user manual

Quick guide

5. Unit polarization

7. Power - DC

6. Unit installation

8. Power - PoE

9. Power grounding and connections

10. Sealing

11. Antenna alignment

ver. 1.7

9© RACOM s.r.o. – RAy2 Microwave Link

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List of documentation

User manuals

■ Microwave Link RAy2 - this document

User manual RAy2-10, RAy2-11, RAy2-17, RAy2-24

■ Microwave Link RAy11, 17, 24

User manual RAy11, RAy17, RAy24

■ Microwave Link RAy10

User manual RAy10

Datasheets

■ RAy2 - Datasheet

■ RAy - Datasheet

■ RAy - SCADA Backbone

Application notes

■ RAy - Application notes

Contents of the box

• 2 pc RAy2

• 2 pc Cable bushing set, connectors

• 1 pc Grease marked "SILIKONOVE MAZIVO"

http://www.racom.eu/eng/products/m/ray17/index.html

http://www.racom.eu/eng/products/m/ray/index.html

http://www.racom.eu/download/hw/ray/free/eng/00_letaky/datasheet_RAY2_en.pdf

http://www.racom.eu/download/hw/ray/free/eng/00_letaky/datasheet_RAY_en.pdf

http://www.racom.eu/download/hw/ray/free/eng/00_letaky/leaflet_RAY_scada_en.pdf

http://www.racom.eu/download/hw/ray/free/cz/01_ray/RAy-AppNote-en.pdf

RAy2 Microwave Link – © RACOM s.r.o.10

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RAy2 – Microwave Link

1. RAy2 – Microwave Link

The microwave link RAy2 is designed as a high-speed point-to-point wireless bridge for data transmission under the latest requirements of modern wireless transmission equipment.

RAy2 works with an ethernet interface and can be used in backhaul networks as well as a last-mile terminal.The design of microwave link RAy2 reflects effort on meeting the strictest criteria of ETSI standards, particularly for durability against interference, high receiver sensitivity and high output power to achieve maximum link distance. The native gigabit Ethernet interface is able to cope with full speed user data throughput at low latency. High availability of the link (up to 99.999%) is able to be achieved using hitless Adaptive coding and modulation. RAy2 microwave links can also be operated as a Short Range Device (SRD).

The link properties can be summarised as:

• High data throughput

• Spectrum effeciency

• Robustness

• Security - cofiguration via http, https, ssh

• User friendly interface, advanced diagnostics

Key technical features see Chapter 10, Technical parameters

Note

Operation of the RAy2-xx is described in this user manual. Operation of the RAy11, RAy17 and RAy24 is described in User Manual RAy11,17,241. Operation of the RAy10 is described in the RAy10 User Manual2.

http://www.racom.eu/eng/products/m/ray17/index.html

http://www.racom.eu/eng/products/m/ray/index.html

11© RACOM s.r.o. – RAy2 Microwave Link

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Implementation Notes

2. Implementation Notes

2.1. Link calculation

Before a microwave link can be installed, an analysis and calculation of the microwave link must be made first. The analysis should take place before the site survey itself to get a clear idea about the dimensions of the antennas. The analysis consists of the following steps:

• Free space loss calculation

• Link budget calculation

• Rain attenuation

• Multipath fading

• Fade margin

• Fresnel zones calculation

This chapter explains the individual steps and an example of link design is given at the end.

NOTE - For quick reference you can use the calculator on www.racom.eu

2.1.1. Free space loss calculation

As the electromagnetic waves travel through open space they are attenuated. This attenuation is described as Free-space Loss. The loss depends on the distance travelled by signal and its frequency. Longer distance and higher frequency both mean greater attenuation. Free-space loss can be calculated thus:

FSL = 32.44 + 20log f + 20log D

Where:

FSL

free-space loss (dB)

frequency of the emitted signal (MHz)

length of the link (km)

2.1.2. Link budget calculation

The goal is to design a link producing a received signal stronger than the receiver's sensitivity at the required BER (typically 10-6). Since every radio signal in earth atmosphere is subject to fading, some difference between received signal level under normal circumstances and receiver sensitivity is needed to serve as a fade margin. The minimum value of fade margin can be calculated from the requirement for link availability (e.g. 99.999% of the time). The required margin depends on the length of the link as well as other factors such as rain attenuation, diffraction and multipath propagation.

If we ignore the additional loss along the path, the received signal strength can be calculated using the formula for signal propagation in free space as follows:

PR= PT+ GT+ GR- FSL

Where

http://www.racom.eu/eng/products/microwave-link.html#calculation_obsah

RAy2 Microwave Link – © RACOM s.r.o.12

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Implementation Notes

FSL

received power level (dBm)

transmitted power (dBm)

transmitting antenna gain (dBi)

receiving antenna gain (dBi)

free space loss (dB)

PRmust be:

PR> P

Where:

receiver sensitivity (dBm)

The receiver’s sensitivity defines the minimum level of the received signal at which the receiver is able to process the signal without losses or affecting the transmitted data (for BER better then 10-6).

2.1.3. Fade margin

Determining sufficient fade margin is the most important step in microwave link design. If the margin is too small, the link will be unstable – as a result, sufficient availability of the link or quality of the provided services cannot be guaranteed. On the other hand, unnecessarily large margin makes the link more expensive (higher performance, larger and more expensive antennas) and increases the cost of creating the microwave link.

The following paragraphs describe the two most significant types of signal strength loss – rain and multipath attenuation, which are the most frequent along with free space loss. Mutual relation between rain and multipath attenuation rules out the possibility that the link could be affected by both types of attenuation at the same time – these types of attenuation do not add up. To determine the fade margin it is necessary to calculate both rain and multipath attenuation. The larger of the two types of attenuation determines the value of fade margin. In areas with high precipitation, rain attenuation can be expected to be more prominent. By contrast, links located in drier climates and little inclination, will suffer more from multipath attenuation.

2.1.4. Rain attenuation

For frequencies of about 10 GHz rain attenuation starts to become increasingly effective. Precipitation is not identical in all areas which is why ITU released a recommendation Rec. ITU-R PN.837-1 for splitting the world into 15 regions according to precipitation intensity see Fig. 2.1, for more detail Appendix B, Rain zone map. In the areas with higher precipitation greater rain attenuation must be expected and a greater signal fade margin must be established; see the calculation of link availability.

The following properties are inherent to rain attenuation:

• It increases exponentially with rain intensity

• It becomes significantly larger as the distance travelled increases (>10 Km)

• Horizontal polarization causes greater rain attenuation than vertical polarization

• Rain outage increases dramatically with frequency and path length

13© RACOM s.r.o. – RAy2 Microwave Link

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Implementation Notes

Fig. 2.1: Rain zone map, based on Rec.ITU-R PN.837-1

Rain attenuation can be calculated using ITU-R outage model, which consists of the following:

Obtain the rain rate R R

values are defined for 15 rain zones and different time percentages and they are given in ITU-R

0.01

exceeded for 0.01 per cent of the time (with an integration time of 1 min).

0.01

Recommendation P.837.

Tab. 2.1: Rain rate R (mm/h) ITU-R P.837

Percentage

of time (%)

QPNMLKJHGFEDCBA

1412542158231.70.62.10.70.5<0.11.0

4934151174213474.52.44.52.820.80.3

7265352215122010128685320.1

96105654033232818201512139650.03

11514595636042353230282219151280.01

14220014095105704555455441292621140.003

1702501801201501005583657870424232220.001

Compute specific attenuation γR(dB/km) for the frequency, polarization, specific rain rate using ITU-R recommendation P.838. Rain attenuation for rain rate γ

h,v

= k

0.01

h,v.R0.01

can be calculated as follows:

0.01

where:

RAy2 Microwave Link – © RACOM s.r.o.14

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Implementation Notes

h,v

, α

constants for horizontal and vertical polarization. Constants are slightly different for each

h,v

polarization, see next table according to ITU-R P.838

Tab. 2.2: Constants k, α for horizontal and vertical polarization at 10, 11, 17 and 24 GHz

Fig. 2.2: Attenuation for 10 GHz, polarization H, V

1.220.011.260.0110 GHz

1.160.021.210.0211 GHz

1.010.071.090.0617 GHz

0.960.141.010.1424 GHz

Fig. 2.3: Attenuation for 11 GHz, polarization H, V

Fig. 2.4: Attenuation for 17 GHz, polarization H, V

Fig. 2.5: Attenuation for 24 GHz, polarization H, V

Fig. 2.2 shows that rain attenuation is greater for horizontal polarization. In regions with higher precipitation the difference in attenuation is more marked. The microwave links RAy17 and RAy24 use both polarizations, hence the need to consider the worse of the two, i.e. horizontal polarization. When ACM

15© RACOM s.r.o. – RAy2 Microwave Link

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Implementation Notes

is active we recommend using horizontal polarization in the direction with lower data traffic (typically up-link).

2.1.5. Multipath fading

Multipath fading is another dominant fading mechanism. A reflected wave causes a phenomenon known as multipath, meaning that the radio signal can travel multiple paths to reach the receiver. Typically, multipath occurs when a reflected wave reaches the receiver at the same time in opposite phase as the direct wave that travels in a straight line from the transmitter.

Multipath propagation gives rise to two kinds of signal degrading effects, i.e., flat fading and frequency selective fading. Flat fading is a reduction in input signal level where all frequencies in the channel of interest are equally affected and is dependent on path length, frequency, and path inclination. In addition, it is strongly dependent on the geoclimatic factor K.

To calculate the probability of outage due to multipath propagation of microwave links the ITU-R probability model can be used which describes a single frequency (or narrowband) fading distribution suitable for large fade depths A in the average worst month in any part of the world (based on ITU-R P.530-14). The calculation for detailed link design is given as follows [1]:

P0= Kd

3.4

(1+|εP|)

-1.03f0.8

0.00067hL-A/10

×10

where:

link distance (km)

frequency (GHz)

altitude of lower antenna (m)

fade depth (dB)

K is geoclimatic factor and can be obtained from:

K = 10

-4.6-0.0027dN1

The term dN1 is provided on a 1.5° grid in latitude and longitude in ITU-R Recommendation P.453. The data are available in a tabular format and are available from the Radiocommunication Bureau (BR). E.g. in Central Europe the values dN1 range from -242 to -362.

From the antenna heights heand hr(meters above sea level), calculate the magnitude of the path inclination │εP│ (mrad) using the following expression:

where:

hr, h

link distance (km)

antenna heights above sea level (m)

RAy2 Microwave Link – © RACOM s.r.o.16

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aaaaa

× ×

Implementation Notes

2.1.6. Fresnel zones calculation

The position of obstacles between points of the bridge can significantly influence the quality of the microwave link. The radio signal doesn't only radiate along the line of sight, but also in the area around it, i.e. in the so-called 1st Fresnel zone. Within this zone 90 % of the energy is transmitted between the transmitter and receiver antenna. This space has the shape of an ellipsoid. If it is disturbed the link has poorer transmission properties and a higher quality antenna is required. For this reason the position of the antenna can be just as important as its height above ground. 60 % of the 1st Fresnel zone is considered as the most important.

Fig. 2.6: Fresnel zone

The general equation for calculating the first Fresnel zone radius at any point P in between the endpoints of the link is the following:

Where:

F1first Fresnel Zone radius in metres

d1distance of P from one end in metres

d2The distance of P from the other end in metres

λ wavelength of the transmitted signal in metres

The cross sectional radius of each Fresnel zone is the highest in the center of link, shrinking to a point at the antenna on each end. For practical applications, it is often useful to know the maximum radius of the first Fresnel zone. From the above formula, calculation of the first Fresnel zone can be simplified to:

where:

max radius of first Fresnel zone (m)

reducing the radius to 60% get values listed in the following table that define the space particularly sensitive to the presence of obstacles

17© RACOM s.r.o. – RAy2 Microwave Link

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Stanovení

požadavků

Výpočet ú tlumu při

šíření prostorem

Výpoštčet ú niku

vlivem de ě a

vícecestným šířením

Volba vysílacího

výkonu antén

Kalkulace spoje

Výsledek

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Implementation Notes

total link distance (km)

frequency (GHz)

Tab. 2.3: 60 % of the 1st Fresnel zone

Radius of zone r for frequencyLength of link D

24 GHz17 GHz11 GHz

0.75 m0.89 m1.10 m0,5 km

1.06 m1.25 m1.56 m1 km

1.50 m1.77 m2.21 m2 km

2.12 m2.50 m3.13 m4 km

2.60 m3.07 m3.84 m6 km

3.00 m3.54 m4.43 m8 km

3.35 m3.96 m4.95 m10 km

4.10 m4.85 m6.06 m15 km

4.74 m5.60 m7.00 m20 km

11.07 m50 km

2.2. Example of microwave link design

Fig. 2.7: Design flowchart

Step 1 - Requirements Determination

Link parameters:

Link distance: 4 km First antenna height above sea level: 295 m Second antenna height above sea level: 320 m Location: Central Europe (rain zone H, refraction gradient dN1= −300)

Transmission requirements:

Required data rate: >160 Mbps Required availability: 99.99 %

RAy parameters:

17 GHz 161 Mbps -> Modulation 16QAM; BW=56 MHz; PS(BER 10-6)= −79 dBm Tx power +5 dBm (max. Tx power) Antenna gain:

RAy2 Microwave Link – © RACOM s.r.o.18

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30 cm ... 32.2 dBi 60 cm ... 37.8 dBi 99 cm ... 42 dBi

Step 2 - Free space loss calculation

FSL = 32.44 + 20log f + 20log D = 32.44 + 20log17.2·103+ 20log4 = 129.1 dB

Step 3a - Rain attenuation

Implementation Notes

For 99.99% availability in rain zone B the rain rate is R

=32 (see Fig. 2.1)

0.01

For f=17 GHz kh=0.06146; αh=1.0949; kv=0.06797; αv=1.0137 Vertical polarization:

R0.01

= kv.R

0.01

= 0.07 · 32

1.01

= 2.32 dB/km => for 4km distance 9.3 dB

Horizontal polarization:

R0.01

= kh.R

0.01

= 0.06 · 32

1.09

= 2.62 dB/km => for 4km distance 10.5 dB

Step 3b - Attenuation due to multipath propagation

We have to find required fade margin for reliability of the link 99.99 percent. Path inclination:

The percentage of time that fade depth A (dB) is exceeded in the average worst month is calculated as:

P0= Kd

P0= 10

3.4

(1+|εP|)

-4.6-0.0027×(-300)×43.4

P0= 0.022871×10

-1.03f0.8

×10

-0.19765-A/10

0.00067hL-A/10

(1+|6.25|)

-1.03

17.2

0.8

0.032×10-0.00067×295-A/10

×10

For reliability 99.99% is P0=0.01 we get exponential function for A:

A = -0.19765 - 10log(0.01/0.022871) = 3.4 dB

The minimum fade margin required to suppress multipath fading on this link would be 4 dB.

Step 4 - Choice of Tx power and antennas

Step 5 - and Link budget calculation

Calculation in steps 3a and 3b determines the minimum fade margin required for stable link operation as 11 dB (rain attenuation is dominant). If you use the maximum performance of antenna with diameter of 30 cm, complete the radio formula as follows:

PR= PT+ GT+ GR− FSL = 5 + 32.2 + 32.2 − 129.1 = −59.7 dB

Fade margin:

A = |PS| − |PR| = 79 − 59.7 = 19.3 dB

The resulting fade margin is larger than the required 11 dB. Current legislation in the Czech Republic allows maximum EIRP of +20, i.e. the sum of transmit power and antenna gain at the transmitter can be 20 dB at the most. For 99cm antennas, TX power can be up to 20 - 42 = -22 dB, the resultant equation is as follows:

PR= PT+ GT+ GR− FSL = -22 + 42 + 42 − 129.1 = −67.1 dB

19© RACOM s.r.o. – RAy2 Microwave Link

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Implementation Notes

Fade margin:

A = |PS| − |PR| = 79 − 67.1 = 11.9 dB Fade margin is now only 12 dB which corresponds to link availability > 99.99% of the time in a year. Technical literature often gives the minimum fade margin of 20 dB. For very long links (more than

10 km) fade margin will, indeed, be approximately 20 dB. For shorter links, however, such large margin is not necessary. It is helpful to first conduct the calculation above to receive an idea of the attenuation affecting the link.

The result

To achieve the required transmission capacity and link availability for link distance of 4 km, transmit power -22 dBm and 99 cm antennas were selected for both sides of the link.

Sources for Chapter Chapter 2, Implementation Notes:

[1] Lehpamer, H.: Microwave transmission network, Second edition, ISBN: 0071701222, McGraw-Hill Professional, 2010.

ITU-R recommendation used:

• ITU-R P.453-10 – The radio refractive index: its formula and refractivity data

• ITU-R P.530-14 – Propagation data and prediction methods required for the design of terrestrial line-of-sight systems

• ITU-R P.837-1 and 6 – Characteristics of precipitation for propagation modelling

• ITU-R P.838-3 – Specific attenuation model for rain for use in prediction methods

• ITU-R P.310, ITU-R P.526, ITU-R P.676, ITU-R P.834, ITU-R P.835

RAy2 Microwave Link – © RACOM s.r.o.20

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Product

3. Product

RAy2 microwave links enable transmissions in both bands requiring license fees and those that are free. They work as a point-to-point link in a full duplex setting with transfer speeds of up to 360 Mbps. Bandwidth can be configured from 1.75 up to 56 MHz. Modulation can be fixed or adaptive and can be adjusted from QPSK to 256QAM. RAy2 microwave links can also be operated as a Short Range Device (SRD).

Fig. 3.1: RAy2 – Microwave link

The link is formed by two FOD (Full Outdoor) units. In the case of links operating in the RAy2-17 and RAy2-24 bands, both units have identical hardware. In the case of links operating in licensed bands, one unit (labeled L) is transmitting in the Lower and receiving in the Upper part of the band. The other unit (labeled U) is operating vice versa.

RAy2 links require the use of external parabolic antennas. Parabolic antennas from different producers are available.

Cross polarization - valid only for links operating in the RAy2-17 and RAy2-24 bands:

One side of the link uses one polarization for transmission (e.g. horizontal) and the opposite polarization for receiving (e.g. vertical). The other side of the link is turned by 90°. It therefore transmits and receives using opposite polarizations with respect to the other unit.

21© RACOM s.r.o. – RAy2 Microwave Link

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Product

3.1. Mounting

Fig. 3.2: RAy2 Microwave link – antenna and FOD unit

The antenna is attached to the mast using a holder adjustable in two planes. The RAy2 unit is then mounted on the antenna. There are two possible mounting positions – for horizontal and vertical polarization. Installation and adjustment of the holder is described in the Section 6.2, “Antenna mounting”.

Note

The RAy2-10 and RAy2-11 units must be mounted with the same polarization while the units RAy2-17 and RAy2-24 must be mounted with reverse polarity, see Cross polarization.

3.2. Connectors

Each unit is equipped with the following interfaces:

■ ETH1+POE – Gigabit metallic Ethernet port. This port is capable of powering the unit with any Power over Ethernet power source working according to IEEE 802.3at standard.

■ ETH2 – Slot for user exchangeable SFP module. A wide range of optical modules is available. Both single or dual mode transceivers can be used. An SFP module with metallic RJ45 interface can also be used. The SFP status LED is located just next to the slot.

■ P – DC power connector. HW button for service purposes.

■ S – USB service connector. RSS voltage output connectors.

Important

It is strongly recommended to use a high quality SFP module. The SFP modules listed in Accessories are thoroughly tested by RACOM and are guaranteed to function with RAy2 units. It is possible to use any other SFP module, but RACOM cannot guarantee they will be completely compatible with RAy2 units.

RAy2 Microwave Link – © RACOM s.r.o.22

Page 23

Product

The SFP status LED function: The LED status is controlled directly from the SFP module. Its function is specific for each SFP module. The typical behaviour is an indication of the received signal strength. Should the signal be in the proper power range (not too strong and not too weak), the LED is shining.

Fig. 3.3: Connectors covered Fig. 3.4: Connectors uncovered

Important

It is recommended that the ETH cable should be grounded at both ends of the connection. For example, the connector CON-RJ45-UBNT-CAT6 and ETH socket on the control panel should have a grounded sheath as should the connection to the RAy2 unit.

All bushings and plugs (including the original plugs in the ports) must be fitted with O-rings and carefully tightened. Otherwise, the unit is not protected against moisture intake and can not offer guaranteed functionality.

For detailed description see Connectors and Start up.

3.3. Power supply

The microwave unit can be powered either by PoE or a DC power source:

• Standard PoE plus (IEEE 802.3at) power source connected to the “ETH1+POE” connector. Supported voltage range is 40 — 60 V, distances up to 100 m. Internal RJ45 pins wiring is : ○ (V+) ... 1,2,4,5 ○ (V-) ... 3,6,7,8

It is possible to use all 8 pins or only 4 pins. Use: ○ either 4,5 (V+) and 7,8 (V-) ○ or 1,2 (V+) and 3,6 (V-) ○ or both simultaneously

• Any kind of DC power source connected to “P” 3-pin connector. Supported voltage range is 20 — 60 V.

Important

The microwave unit doesn't support a combination of both power supplies. Only one power supply can be connected at any one time.

23© RACOM s.r.o. – RAy2 Microwave Link

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RAy2

GND

RAy2

GND

RAy2

GND

RAy2

GND

RAy2

GND

HW button

Product

The internal DC power source uses galvanic separation. If the galvanic separated power source is used and the DC power line needs to be grounded (either positive or negative wire), the middle pin of the 3-port DC connector can be used to make a connection between ground and the respective power wire, see Grounding options (d),(e). If grounding is required it should only be made in one of the following ways: on the DC power source side or using the 3-port DC connector plugged into the unit.

The next figure shows all available grounding options. We recommend the use of a galvanic separated power source and no additional DC grounding - see Fig. 3.5, “Grounding options” version c).

Fig. 3.5: Grounding options

Fig. 3.6: Power supply connector 1

Fig. 3.7: Power supply connector 2

RAy2 Microwave Link – © RACOM s.r.o.24

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3.4. Status LEDs

Fig. 3.8: Status LEDs

Tab. 3.1: Meaning of LED status indicators

FunctionColourDiode

Product

AIR

Green

SYS

Red

Green

ETH

Orange

Flashing regularly 500 ms on / 500 ms off Flashing intermittently 50 ms on / 950 ms off Flashing irregularly by passing frames

Permanently lit: AIR link OKGreen Permanently lit: AIR LOSS, loss of connectivityRed Permanently lit: system OK

Permanently lit: together with SYS Red - unit is starting Flashing regularly: HW button pushed on the unit running;

factory defaults in progress; Firmware writing in progress. DO NOT POWER OFF !!

Permanently lit: together with SYS Green - unit is starting;

serious system error Flashing regularly: HW button just pressed Flashing intermittently: unit in the service Linux

ETH1 port Flashing regularly: Auto Negotiation in progress Flashing irregularly: Link Activity 10/100/1000 Permanently lit: Link 10/100/1000

ETH2 port Flashing regularly: Auto Negotiation in progress Flashing irregularly: Link Activity 10/100/1000 Permanently lit: Link 10/100/1000

3.5. Technical parameters

Basic technical parameters are stated in chapter Technical parameters.

25© RACOM s.r.o. – RAy2 Microwave Link

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S/N: 10218446

Type:

RAy2-24

Code:

RAy2-24



TX/RX: 24.000-24.250 GHz/24.000-24.250 GHz

PoE IEEE 802.3at www.racom.eu 20-60V max.1.5A Made in Czech Republic

Product

3.6. Dimensions

Communication unit ODU

Outer size 244 x 244 x 157 mm•

Weight RAy2-10 — 2.8 kg•

• RAy2-11 — 2.8 kg

• RAy2-17 — 2.5 kg

• RAy2-24 — 2.5 kg

Diameters of supplied antennas

RAy2 units are ready for direct mounting to Jirous1Class 2 antennas. Individual datasheets are accessible here2.

Tab. 3.2: Overview of antennas

24 GHz17 GHz10, 11 GHz

gaindiametergaindiametergaindiameter

36.8 dBi40 cm34.8 dBi40 cm29.0 dBi38 cm

41.7 dBi68 cm38.6 dBi68 cm35.5 dBi65 cm

44.0 dBi90 cm41.0 dBi90 cm37.5 dBi90 cm

46.6 dBi120 cm43.7 dBi120 cm41.0 dBi120 cm

Andrew (Class 2 or 3) or Arkivator antennas can also be used but require an antenna mounting kit. Flexible waveguide is a general-purpose option for any antenna usage.

Name plate

The plate contains name, bar code record, CE label, etc.:

• Type – RAy2 product line identification

• Code – detailed identification of the unit type (for details see Section 3.7, “Ordering codes”)

• S/N – serial number, MW link consists of two separated units with two different serial numbers

• QR code - www link to the latest version of the User manual

• Power DC supply connector polarity marks

Fig. 3.9: Name plate

http://en.jirous.com/

http://www.racom.eu/eng/products/microwave-link.html#accessories_jirous

RAy2 Microwave Link – © RACOM s.r.o.26

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Type

Frequency Ordering code

Lower [GHz] Upper [GHz] Lower unit Upper unit

10 GHz

10.30 – 10.42 10.47 – 10.59

RAy2-10-LA RAy2-10-UA

10.125 – 10.325 10.475 – 10.675

RAy2-10-LB RAy2-10-UB

11 GHz

10.695 – 10.970 11.185 – 11.460

RAy2-11-LA RAy2-11-UA

10.935 – 11.195 11.425 – 11.695

RAy2-11-LB RAy2-11-UB

17 GHz 17.100 – 17.300

RAy2-17

18 GHz

17.700 – 18.209 18.710 – 19.219

RAy2-18-LA RAy2-18-UA

18.167 – 18.690 19.177 – 19.700

RAy2-18-LB RAy2-18-UB

24 GHz 24.000 – 24.250

RAy2-24

ver 5.0

1) RAy2-18 not available yet

The

Feature keys

ordering code consists of three parts:

RAy2-

SW- 360

Product type RAy2

Feature key type. The "SW" key is available now. This key unlocks the User speed to a given value. The default user speed without the feature key is the minimum for the respective HW unit.

Feature key value. In case of User speed it states Mbps. Possible values 200, 360.

Product

3.7. Ordering codes

The proper pair (from the same row) of Lower and Upper units should be selected when ordering the microwave link. This is not valid for RAy2-17 and RAy2-24 units. In such a case the same unit is used for both sides of the link.

Tab. 3.3: Ordering codes

SW key possibilities, valid for RAy2-10, 11, 17, 18, 24:

• RAy2-SW-200 SW feature key - Capacity up to 200 Mbps

• RAy2-SW-360 SW feature key - Capacity up to 200 Mbps

• RAy2-SW-200-360 SW feature key - Capacity upgrade from 200 to 360 Mbps

27© RACOM s.r.o. – RAy2 Microwave Link

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Accessories

4. Accessories

4.1. Overview

Antenna Jirous

Short descriptionRACOM-PART-NUMBER

Antenna parabolic 0.38 m 10-11GHz with holder 28.0-29.0 dBi Class 2ANT-JRMA-380-10/11R Antenna parabolic 0.65 m 10-11GHz with holder 34.1-35.5 dBi Class 2ANT-JRMA-650-10/11R Antenna parabolic 0.9 m 10-11GHz with holder 37.0-37.5 dBi Class 2ANT-JRMB-900-10/11R Antenna parabolic 1.2 m 10-11GHz with holder 40.0-41.0 dBi Class 2ANT-JRMB-1200-10/11R Antenna parabolic 0.4 m 17 GHz with holder 34.8 dBi Class 2ANT-JRMB-400-17R Antenna parabolic 0.68 m 17 GHz with holder 38.6 dBi Class 2ANT-JRMB-680-17R Antenna parabolic 0.9 m 17 GHz with holder 41.0 dBi Class 2ANT-JRMB-900-17R Antenna parabolic 1.2 m 17 GHz with holder 44.6 dBi Class 2ANT-JRMB-1200-17R Antenna parabolic 0.4 m 24 GHz with holder 36.8 dBi Class 2ANT-JRMB-400-24R Antenna parabolic 0.68 m 24 GHz with holder 41.7 dBi Class 2ANT-JRMB-680-24R Antenna parabolic 0.9 m 24 GHz with holder 44.0 dBi Class 2ANT-JRMB-900-24R Antenna parabolic 1.2 m 24 GHz with holder 46.6 dBi Class 2ANT-JRMB-1200-24R

Antenna mounting kit

Set mouting RAy10/11 Antenna Andrew 60, 100SET-RAY10-ANW Set mouting RAy10/11 Antenna Arkivator 30, 60, 99, 120SET-RAY10-ARK Set mouting RAy17 Antenna Andrew 30, 60, 100SET-RAY17-ANW Set mouting RAy17 Antenna Arkivator 30, 60, 99SET-RAY17-ARK Set mouting RAy24 Antenna Andrew 30, 60, 100SET-RAY24-ANW Set mouting RAy24 Antenna Arkivator 30, 60, 99, 120SET-RAY24-ARK

Flexible waveguide mounting kit

Set mouting RAy2 to flange R100SET-RAY-FX-R100 Set mouting RAy2 to flange R120SET-RAY-FX-R120

Cable bushing

Basic set cable bushings and connectorsSET-RAY2-CON-B Cable bushing lengthening, PG21, 35 mmSET-RAY2-EXT35 Cable bushing lengthening, PG21, Flexi, 50cmSET-RAY2-EXT-F50

Power supply DC

Power supply PoE

Power supply holder

Surge protection

Power supply 90-260 VAC / 50 W at 27.6 VDC MeanWellPWS-AC/DC-AD-55B

Power supply PoE 1xGb Eth 90-264 VAC/ 33.6 W at 56 VDC PhihongPWR-POE36U-1AT Power supply PoE 1xGb Eth 36-72 VDC/ 33.6 W at 56 VDC PhihongPWR-POE36D-1AT

DIN rail holder for PoE PhihongHOL-POE-PHI-1A

RAy2 Microwave Link – © RACOM s.r.o.28

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Surge protection 1Gb Eth Cat.6 LPZ0B-LPZ1 IP20 -40/+85°COTH-DL-1GRJ45 Surge protection 1Gb Eth Cat.6 LPZ2-LPZ3 IP20 -40/+85°COTH-DL-CAT.6-60V

CAT5e, CAT7 cable

Double shell outdoor FTP Cat5e cable TELDORCAB-CAT5E-FTP-TLD Double shell outdoor FTP Cat7 cable PEWTRONICCAB-S/FTP 4x

CAT6 connector

Connector TC-CON, STP RJ45, Cat6, 8p8c, wire, pleated, AWG24, UBNTCON-RJ45-UBNT-CAT6 Set RJ45 connector (Telegärtner) and cable bushing lengthening (35mm)SET-RAY2-TLG-EXT35

SFP module RJ45

SFP module, RJ45 interface, -40°C to +85°C , AvagoSFP-RJ45-AVAGO

SFP module optical

SFP module, 2-fibres, LC, 10km, -40°C to +85°C, APAC OptoSFP-DLC-APAC

Fibre cable patchcord/pigtail

Accessories

CAB-FIB-2F-DLC/DLC-OFA5m

CAB-FIB-1F-LC/LC-OFA-5m

DC & Fibre cable patchcord

OFA-030m

DC cable

DC surge protection

RAy grounding kit

Access adapters

Fibre patch cord, 2-fibres, single mode, LC-connector — LC-connector,

OFA, 5 m

Fibre patch cord, 1-fibre, single mode, LC-connector — LC-connector,

OFA, 5 m

Fibre pigtail, 2-fibres, single mode, LC-connector — loose end, OFA, 5 mCAB-FIB-2F-DLC/x-OFA-5m Fibre pigtail, 1-fibre, single mode, LC-connector — loose end, OFA, 5 mCAB-FIB-1F-LC/x-OFA-5m

DC power cable - Fibre: patchcord, 2-fibresCAB-HYB-2F-DLC/DLC-

DC power cable 2x1.5 mm, silicone rubberCAB-DC-2x1.5

Overvoltage protection, DC 24V, LPZ1-LPZ2, IP20, -40/+85°C , SaltekOTH-DP-024

Grounding kit for antenna cableKIT-GROUDING-1/4" Grounding kit for mast groundingKIT-GROUDING-RAY

Wifi adapterOTH-W1-WIFI Ethernet adapterSET-X5-ETH/USB

29© RACOM s.r.o. – RAy2 Microwave Link

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Accessories

4.2. Details

Antenna

The overview of different Jirous antenna types is listed in Section 3.6, “Dimensions”. The antenna choice determines radio link properties. The radio link calculation should be performed to determine proper antenna size. Rough calculation can be done using a simple on-line calculator.

• see the Overview

• List of datasheets

Antenna mounting kit

Other manufacturer's antennas can also be used with RAy2 links. The RAy2 unit can be attached by means of special interconnetions. There are several types of these parts for Andrew and Arkivator antennas. It is also possible to develop interconnetions for other antenna types.

• see the Overview

• The bracket for mounting FOD unit on the antenna.

Flexible waveguide mounting kit

The RAy2 unit can be attached to the antenna by flexible waveguide.

• SET-RAY-FX-R100

• SET-RAY-FX-R120

• The bracket for mounting the flexible waveguide on the FOD unit.

Cable bushing

• SET-RAY2-CON-B

• Basic set cable bushings and connectors contains: ○ 3 pc standard PG21 bushing with nut ○ 2 pc blind plug Racom ○ 3 pc O-ring ○ 2 pc rubber sealing small diameter ○ 3 pc rubber sealing medium diameter ○ 2 pc rubber sealing big diameter ○ 1 pc DC connector ○ 1 pc tie wrap ○ 1 pc connector jumper ○ 1 pc RJ-45 ethernet connector

http://www.racom.eu/eng/products/microwave-link.html#calculation

http://www.racom.eu/eng/products/microwave-link.html#accessories

RAy2 Microwave Link – © RACOM s.r.o.30

Page 31

• SET-RAY2-EXT35

• Cable bushing lengthening, PG21, 35 mm

• O-ring

• SET-RAY2-EXT-F50

• Cable bushing lengthening, PG21,Flexi, 50cm

• orig. part no: LPA6-23N-0.5m,RKG-23P21N, RKF-23P21N, 2xORC-23, flat ring FSN-P21

Power supply DC

• PWS-AC/DC-AD-55B

• orig. part no: AD-55B

• FOD unit power supply 50 W, 24 V, UPS Function, MeanWell

• Datasheet

Accessories

Power supply PoE

• PWR-POE36U-1AT

• orig. part no: POE36U-1AT

• FOD unit power supplies – 30 W PoE adapters, 1x Eth

• Input 100 to 240 VAC, Output 56 V / 33.6 W, Phihong

• Datasheet AC

• PWR-POE36D-1AT

• orig. part no: POE36D-1AT

• Input 36 to 72 VDC / 1.2 A, Output 56 V / 33.6 W, Phihong

• Datasheet DC

Power supply holder

• HOL-POE-PHI-1A

• 1x Eth PoE power supply, DIN rail mountable

http://www.racom.eu/download/hw/ray/free/eng/07_prislusenstvi/PWS-AC-DC-AD-55B.pdf

http://www.racom.eu/download/hw/ray/free/eng/07_prislusenstvi/PWR-POE36U-1AT.pdf

http://www.racom.eu/download/hw/ray/free/eng/07_prislusenstvi/PWR-POE36D-1AT.pdf

31© RACOM s.r.o. – RAy2 Microwave Link

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Accessories

Surge protection

• OTH-DL-1GRJ45

• orig. part no: DL-1GRJ45

• Protection from the voltage spikes

• Datasheet

• OTH-DL-CAT.6-60V

• orig. part no: DL-Cat. 6-60 V

• Datasheet

CAT5e cable

• CAB-CAT5E-FTP-TLD

• orig. part no: PLU030078

• Cat.5e cable for connecting FOD units to the network, TELDOR

• Datasheet

CAT7 cable

• CAB-S/FTP 4x

• orig. part no: S / FTP 4x (2x23AWG) Cat.7 + 2x (2×24 AWG)

• Cat.7 cable for connecting FOD units to the network, PEWTRONIC Ltd.

• Datasheet

http://www.racom.eu/download/hw/ray/free/eng/07_prislusenstvi/OTH-DL-1GRJ45.pdf

http://www.racom.eu/download/hw/ray/free/eng/07_prislusenstvi/OTH-DL-CAT-6-60V.pdf

http://www.racom.eu/download/hw/ray/free/eng/07_prislusenstvi/CAB-CAT5E-FTP-TLD.pdf

http://www.racom.eu/download/hw/ray/free/eng/07_prislusenstvi/CAB-SFTP-4x.pdf

RAy2 Microwave Link – © RACOM s.r.o.32

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CAT6 connector

• CON-RJ45-UBNT-CAT6

• orig. part no: TC-CON connector STP RJ45 STP RJ45 /Cat6 / 8p8c / wire/ gold plated/ AWG24, UBNT

• SET-RAY2-TLG-EXT35

• orig. part no: Telegärtner MFP8 Cat.6A AWG 22-27 Connector RJ45, Cat6A, AWG 24-22, Telegärtner + Racom SET-RAY2-EXT35

• Set RJ45 connector (Telegärtner) and cable bushing lengthening (35mm). Suitable for AWG24-22 (Cat5e, Cat6A, Cat7) cables.

• Datasheet

SFP module RJ45

• SFP-RJ45-AVAGO

• orig. part no: ABCU-5730ARZ SFP module, RJ45 interface, -40°C to +85°C , Avago

• Datasheet

Accessories

SFP module optical

• SFP-DLC-APAC

• orig. part no: LS38-C3S-TI-N-DD SFP module, 2-fibres, LC, 10km, -40°C to +85°C, APAC Opto

• Datasheet

Fibre cable - outdoor patchcord / outdoor pigtail

• CAB-FIB-2F-DLC/DLC-OFA-5m

• orig. part no: DLCRAC2Fyyy patchcord, 2-fibres,single mode, LC-connector — LC-connector, yyy meters, OFA

• CAB-FIB-1F-LC/LC-OFA-5m

• orig. part no: LCRAC1Fyyy patchcord, 1-fibre, single mode, LC-connector — LC-connector, yyy meters, OFA

http://www.racom.cz/download/hw/ray/free/eng/07_prislusenstvi/SET-RAY2-TLG-EXT35.pdf

http://www.racom.cz/download/hw/ray/free/eng/07_prislusenstvi/SFP-RJ45-AVAGO.pdf

http://www.racom.eu/download/hw/ray/free/eng/07_prislusenstvi/SFP-DLC-APAC.pdf

33© RACOM s.r.o. – RAy2 Microwave Link

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Accessories

• CAB-FIB-2F-DLC/x-OFA-5m

• orig. part no: DLC0RAC2Fyyy pigtail, 2-fibres, single mode, LC-connector — loose end, yyy meters, OFA

• CAB-FIB-OFA-1F-LC/x-OFA-5m

• orig. part no: LC0RAC1Fyyy pigtail, 1-fibre, single mode, LC-connector — loose end, yyy meters, OFA

• Datasheet

Fibre & DC outdoor cable

• CAB-HYB-2F-DLC/DLC-OFA-030m (example for 30m long cable)

• orig. part no: DLCHRAC2Fyyy Phoenix Microwave Hybrid Cable LSOH, yyy meters, OFA DC: 2x1.5mm2; fibre: patchcord, 2-fibres, single mode, LC-connector — LC-connector

• Datasheet

DC cable

• CAB-DC-2x1.5

• orig. part no: V05SS-F 2Dx1.50 silicone rubber, 2x1.5 mm², -40 to +60°C, ProPS

• Datasheet

DC surge protection

• OTH-DP-024

• orig. part no: DC 24V LPZ1-LPZ2, IP20, -40/+85°C , Saltek

• Datasheet

http://www.racom.eu/download/hw/ray/free/eng/07_prislusenstvi/CAB-FIB-OFA.pdf

http://www.racom.cz/download/hw/ray/free/eng/07_prislusenstvi/CAB-HYB-OFA.pdf

https://webservice-new.racom.eu/main/eshop.detail?i=193

http://www.racom.eu/download/hw/ray/free/eng/07_prislusenstvi/OTH-DP-024.pdf

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RAy grounding kit

• KIT-GROUDING-1/4"

• Grounding kit for Cat.7 S/FTP 4x(2x23 AWG) cable. Pewtronic.

• Detail see Grounding.

• Datasheet

• KIT-GROUDING-RAY

• RAy grounding set for grounding RAy equipment to the mast. Contains a ZSA16 grounding terminal, grounding tape and a cable with grounding lugs.

• Detail see Grounding.

• Datasheet

Access adapters

• OTH-W1-WIFI

• Wifi adapter for service access to the web interface via USB connector. RAy2 provides a built-in DHCP server with up to 6 leases. To access the RAy2 always use the fixed IP

169.254.169.168 (Lower Unit) or 169.254.170.168 (Upper Unit).

Accessories

• SET-X5-ETH/USB

• Ethernet adapter for service access to the web interface via USB connector. RAy2 provides a built-in DHCP server with up to 6 leases. To access the RAy2 always use the fixed IP

169.254.169.168 (Lower Unit) or 169.254.170.168 (Upper Unit).

Extended descriptions

See www.racom.eu, Microwave link, Accessories

E-shop

Accessories easiest to order here:

E-shop RACOM

Use there a search engine Ctrl+F and RACOM-PART-NUMBER of the searched item.

http://www.racom.eu/download/hw/ray/free/eng/07_prislusenstvi/KIT-GROUDING-RAY.pdf

http://www.racom.eu/download/hw/ray/free/eng/07_prislusenstvi/ZSA16-en.pdf

http://www.racom.eu/eng/products/microwave-link.html#accessories

https://webservice-new.racom.eu/main/eshop.list?a=1&t=10

35© RACOM s.r.o. – RAy2 Microwave Link

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Step-by-step Guide

5. Step-by-step Guide

The following chapters will guide you step by step through preparation, installation and activation of the RAy2 link:

• Pre-installation check out

•

Installation (Chapter 6, Installation)

•

Advanced configuration (Chapter 7, Configuration)

•

Troubleshooting (Chapter 9, Troubleshooting)

Pre-installation Checklist

Familiarise yourself with the controls and prepare your configuration ahead of the installation of the link on the mast tube.

Both units (without antennas) can lie on a desk with flanges running parallel and facing up at an angle; on a non-metal desk they can also face downward. In the case of units RAy2-17 and RAy2-24 turn the unit holders so that they are roughly perpendicular to each other. In the case of units operating in licensed bands (RAy2-10, RAy2-11), turn unit holders so that they are roughly parallel to each other. Use an ethernet cable to connect each of the units to a PoE source and connect a PC to one of them for configuration.

Take the following steps to establish a connection between the PC and RAy2 and perform a basic setup.

Fig. 5.1: Link Configuration (RAy2-17, perpendicular holders)

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Step-by-step Guide

Warning

During operation, never bring the waveguides of the stations close to each other. There is a risk of damaging sensitive input circuits.

5.1. Service access

The RAy2 link is supplied with a default configuration of access parameters:

Unit L has the service IP address 192.168.169.169 and mask 255.255.255.0, Unit U has the service IP address 192.168.169.170 and mask 255.255.255.0, access is allowed over HTTP, HTTPS or SSH, the username is admin and the password is also admin.

On your PC setup an IP address that is within the mask, e.g. 192.168.169.180.

Then open the https configuration interface, e.g. https://192.168.169.169

Other access options are described in the chapter Configuration - Link settings - Service access of this manual.

When connection has been established, use the Service access menu to customise access parameters. Default IP addresses should be replaced with well-chosen operating addresses. Leaving default addresses in place can lead to network problems later.

The menu contains parameters for the entire link, both for the Local and remote Peer units. If a connection has been established, both sets of parameters have been set. While working with an isolated unit, only Local parameters are functional for the currently connected unit.

Note

If the link is OK and there are no parameters shown of the station Peer, it is necessary to click on Refresh.

Follows the description of basic settings. After entering values on the screen always save the content by clicking on Apply.

Note

If there is any problem with https certificate after completing the firmware upgrade, please see the Annex Https certificate for further steps.

37© RACOM s.r.o. – RAy2 Microwave Link

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Step-by-step Guide

5.1.1. Menu Link settings - General

• Station name – station can be assigned with a name, e.g. the place of installation.

• Station location – for easier inclusion the network hierarchy, it is possible to enter the station’s location

Fig. 5.2: Configuration Menu Link settings - General

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Step-by-step Guide

5.1.2. Menu Link - Service access - Services

• IPv4 address – enter a valid IP address to access the drive. The default IP address has to be replaced with a valid address. Keeping the default address will probably lead to future problems in the network.

• Netmask – enter the network mask.

• Gateway – if necessary, enter a gateway, otherwise leave blank

• Enable access protocols that you are going to need. For security reasons, do not enable more than is necessary.

• HTTP(S) – allow access to the web interface.

• Telnet – enabling access to the CLI interface using telnet protocol.

• SSH – enabling access to the CLI interface using SSH protocol.

• Management VLAN – Enabling 802.1Q VLAN tag for separation of user and service operations.

• Management VLAN id – Defining 802.1Q VLAN tag for service operations.

Fig. 5.3: Configuration menu Link settings – Service access – Services

39© RACOM s.r.o. – RAy2 Microwave Link

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Step-by-step Guide

5.1.3. Menu Link - Service access - Users

•

Edit - enter the menu.

•

New password – choose a password and enter it.

•

Confirm password – enter the password again to confirm.

Fig. 5.4: Configuration menu Link settings – Service access – Services

5.1.4. Menu Maintenance - Feature keys

The firmware of the microwave link is capable of controlling the maximum user data speed. The default user speed without the feature key is the minimum for the respective hardware unit. The feature key to assign the maximum user data speed, should be installed prior to physical installation. For further details see the section called “Feature keys”.

5.2. Basic link configuration

Default radio parameters depend on the specific type of link and the specific channel allocation table. Channels are typically set in the lower part of the band, the smallest bandwidth, QPSK modulation, and low power. Both units in the pair should be capable of immediate communication. If it is possible to work with these radio parameters at the installation location, the link can be activated. On an operating link the required operating parameters can then be set up.

If a change in the parameters is necessary, it is done in the menu Link settings – Radio and saved by clicking Apply. This applies when working on both units simultaneouslyif they are connected, otherwise each unit is configured individually. When configuring units individually, pay attention to correct settings of duplex pair for channels TX and RX. For example, if one station has TX channel L1, then the second station must also have the channel RX L1.

5.3. Link test

Verify the functionality of the radio link:

•

Switch in screen Status - Brief.

•

Status Bar displays Link: Ok.

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Step-by-step Guide

If the alarm message appears at Local or Peer, this doesn’t necessarily mean there is a problem. The message indicates that the limit at any of the monitored parameters has been exceeded. Essential is the Link: Ok message on the status bar.

•

The Status screen contains values for both Local and Peer units. N/A next to Peer indicates that the data from the Peer unit has not been transferred. If Link is Ok, simply click Refresh at the bottom of the screen and Peer data will be updated.

•

Menu Status – Detailed – Radio indicates link RSS and SNR values, in case of ACM also the selected modulation and Netbitrate. If the ATPC function is enabled (menu Link settings – Radio) it also indicates instantaneous / max. allowed power and for SNR and RSS values it indicates immediate / target value size.

•

Menu Tools – Live data – Bar indicators displays current size of RSS, SNR and BER.

•

Menu Tools – Ping allows you to send a ping test to the selected IP address.

Try out the possibility of modulation:

•

Modulation ACM. In menu Link settings – Radio enable ACM. Set the TX modulation parameter to the required maximum value. In menu Status – Brief – Radio you can monitor (Refresh or Start) changes in used modulation based on the instantaneous SNR signal quality. The status and quality of modulation is demonstrated well in menu Tools – Live data – RX constellation diagram, hit Refresh.

•

To set a fixed modulation go to Link settings - Radio, switch off ACM and set the TX modulation to a value from the range of QPSK through 256-QAM based on the results of the previous test. If you choose modulation higher than allowed by SNR, the connection will be lost. Status Link will lose its Ok value. Both units will need to be moved closer to resume the link. If this is not possible, use the ethernet to access each unit individually and set the basic modulation QPSK. You can monitor the quality of the received signal under Tools – Live data – RX constellation diagram.

Verify the functionality of the entire link:

• If possible, connect user devices to both RAy2 units over PoE and test mutual communication.

• Another way of testing this is to connect a PC to the other unit and send a ping from one PC to the other.

• The minimum variant of this test is to use an ethernet cable connection from the PC connected to the local RAy2 to the PC connected to the remote RAy2 and test communication between both units over ethernet. This will verify ethernet functionality.

Prepare installation configuration:

• Bandwidth e.g. 3.5 MHz. To get the highest possible receiver sensitivity, set the bandwidth as narrow as possible according to specific frequency band.

• TX channel: Use your allocated channel. If you don't have allocated channel yet, use for example channel L1.

• RX channel will setup automatically when channel lock activates.

• Set TX modulation QPSK to get the highest possible sensitivity.

• Set RF power according to selected antenna and according to individual frequency licence. Set the output power as high as possible.

• Set a new users access passwords.

• Record the access parameters from the Service access menu, especially the IP addresses.

• Restart by interrupting the power supply to verify that the parameters are stored correctly and the link works.

After this preparation phase you can continue to install your devices in a working environment.

41© RACOM s.r.o. – RAy2 Microwave Link

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Installation

6. Installation

6.1. Line of sight test

Before you install the device to a mast tube, verify visually that the view in the direction of the remote unit is unobstructed.

Line of sight considerations:

• Free Fresnel zones. Signal needs space wider than the diameter of the antenna.

• Trees at the lower end of the Fresnel zone. They will be taller in a few years.

• Possible building development.

• Objects in the close proximity of the antenna such as edges of other antennas, their mounting racks, edges of the roof.

6.2. Antenna mounting

6.2.1. Mounting methods

• Mounting on the mast tube can be achieved by: ○ right-side mounting or ○ left-side mounting

• Mounting the FOD unit for antenna polarization can be achieved using: ○ horizontal RX polarization mounting or ○ vertical RX polarization mounting

In both cases mount the unit with the connectors facing downwards at an angle.

Fig. 6.1: Horizontal RX polarization – see the arrow sign

Fig. 6.2: Vertical RX polarization – see the arrow sign

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Installation

Fig. 6.3: Left-side mounting – horizontal RX polarization

Fig. 6.5: Right-side mounting – horizontal RX polarization

Fig. 6.4: Right-side mounting – vertical RX polarization

43© RACOM s.r.o. – RAy2 Microwave Link

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Installation

Changing the mounting method

An antenna bracket is supplied as standard partly assembled, and ready for right-side mounting.

On changing the Jirous antenna bracket for left-side mounting the adjustment bolt (part No. 11) and swivel bolt (part No. 6) need to be unscrewed, then shift the bracket body (part No.5) to the other side of clamp plate (part No. 4), (do not turn upside down) and then insert bolt (part No. 6) into the second hole on the mounting plate holder and through the same hole on the clamp plate and secure in place with the nuts. The adjustment bolt (item No. 11) and nuts are switched to the other side of the clamp plate (part No. 4). It is also necessary to switch the hanging bolt (part No. 7) on the antenna mounting plate to the second hole so that after switching sides with the antenna it is on the top again.

In the case of the antenna when changing the method of mounting from right-side to left-side it is only necessary to rotate the plastic cover of the antenna. This is not only important from an aesthetic point of view, so that the RACOM logo is not upside down, but also because there is a discharge channel on the lower edge of the dish (except for ø380 mm dishes).

Fig. 6.6: Changing the mounting method

When changing the polarization from horizontal to vertical only the FOD unit needs to be turned through 90° around the central antenna pin by unscrewing the four bolts on the dish using a No. 6 Allen key.

Important

The RAy2-17 and RAy2-24 links are equipped with a polarization duplexer and work in both polarizations simultaneously, see Cross polarization. One side of the link must therefore be installed in vertical polarization and the other in the horizontal polarization.

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Installation

6.2.2. Mounting the FOD unit on the antenna

RAy2 microwave bridge equipment is generally supplied as several component parts packaged separately in a box.

• Two parabolic antennas with assembled mounting plates. There are also 4 screws in a small plastic bag in the box.

• Two brackets for mounting the antenna to the mast.

• Two FOD stations, each separate in a box, in a single package.

• Other accessories based on the order placed (for more detailed information see chapter Chapter 4, Accessories)

A No. 17 spanner and a No. 6 Allen key are required for mounting the mechanical parts of the antenna. Spanner No. 17 serves for precisely setting the direction of the antenna. Both spanner and key can be found in the RAy Tool set for installing RAy2 microwave bridges. It is advisable to lightly lubricate the retaining screws eg. by the supplied grease.

Fig. 6.7: Close up image of the mounted bracket showing numbered parts

a. Prepare the antenna bracket based on the diameter of the mast tube. For smaller diameters face

the bent part of the saddle plate (part No. 3) inwards. For larger diameters it should face outwards. Screw the bolts (part No. 1) into the clamp plate (part No. 4) so that they protrude approx. 1 cm through the clamp plate. Clamp the saddle plate to the mast by tightening the nuts (part No. 2) on the bolts.

Fig. 6.8: Position of the saddle plate for ø 40–80 mm

Fig. 6.9: Position of the saddle plate for ø 65–115 mm

45© RACOM s.r.o. – RAy2 Microwave Link

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Installation

b. Slide the antenna bracket onto the mast tube and clamp to the mast by tightening the nuts.

Recommendation: Keep the gap between the two saddle plates (part No. 3) as wide as possible, so the horizontal angle adjustement screw can fit in this gap. The range of horizontal adjustement is consequently wider. This has a bigger effect when the mast diameter is smaller.

Fig. 6.10: Attaching the bracket to the mast tube Fig. 6.11: Bracket on the mast tube

c. Screw the hanging bolt (part No. 7) into the upper hole of the mounting plate so that the antenna

can be hung on the mounting plate holder. Hang the antenna on it and tighten the lower bolt. (part No. 8)

Fig. 6.12: Hanging the bolt on the holder

Fig. 6.13: Correct position of the mounting plate

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Installation

d. Tighten both bolts to the plate before continuing with installation to prevent any unnecessary

movements of the equipment. Before precisely adjusting the vertical direction of the antenna upon completing installation it will be necessary to unscrew them again as the lower bolt (part No. 8) passes through the adjustment block and the upper one (part No. 7) serves as the axis of rotation.

Fig. 6.14: Tightening the upper bolt to the mounting plate

e. Before installing the FOD unit on the antenna first unscrew the 4 bolts on the back of the antenna

enough so that the unit can be slid on to them. Then check whether the "O" ring is correctly fitted on the antenna pin, and make sure it is not damaged and has been lubricated with grease – see Section 6.2.3, “Lubrication and preservation of the antenna pivot”. Then remove the protective plastic cover from the central pin of the antenna and fit the FOD unit to it carefully so as not to damage the "O" ring. Secure it in place with the four bolts. Carefully ensure the correct polarization of the antenna – see Section 6.2.1, “Mounting methods”. Finally tighten the bolts with a No. 6 Allen key.

Fig. 6.15: Tightening the lower bolt to the mounting plate

Fig. 6.16: Dish before installing the FOD unit

Fig. 6.17: Tightening bolts on the FOD unit

47© RACOM s.r.o. – RAy2 Microwave Link

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Installation

f. The precise horizontal direction the antenna is pointing in can be adjusted using the bolt with two

nuts (part No. 10 and 12). Once the direction has been set the antenna is fixed in place by tightening the nuts against the bracket to prevent further movement of the antenna. The vertical direction the antenna is pointing in can be adjusted by turning the fine adjustment bolt (part No. 9) by the bracket mounting plate. After selecting the correct direction the position is secured by tightening the bolt – see point d. (part No. 7 and 8). The correct position in both directions is found by monitoring RSS voltage, see Section 6.5.2, “Directing antennas”.

Fig. 6.18: Horizontal adjustment of the antenna direction

g. After pointing the antenna in the right direction tighten the bolts on the bracket on the axes of rotation

(part No. 6 and 11). Then check again that all other bolts have been sufficiently tightened. We can now proceed to connect the FOD unit to the user network.

Fig. 6.20: Tightening the axis at the fine adjustment bolt

Fig. 6.19: Vertical adjustment of the antenna direction

Fig. 6.21: Tightening the axis at the bracket

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Installation

6.2.3. Lubrication and preservation of the antenna pivot

Before fitting the FOD unit bush onto the antenna pivot ensure that the "O" ring (part No. 1) is in the correct position. It is also essential to prevent moisture getting in between these two parts. This moisture could cause oxidation which would complicate disassembly of this mechanical coupling in the future. For this reason we need to treat these surfaces with the grease which is supplied in the box marked "SILIKONOVE MAZIVO". If you use a different grease for lubrication then it should be a Teflon or a silicon grease.

Fig. 6.22: Grease points on the antenna pivot and FOD unit bush

Grease the internal area of the bush on the FOD unit (2) and the "O" ring (1) with a thin even layer that allows the pin to slide easily into the bush without damaging the "O" ring. Grease the area beyond the "O" ring on the antenna pin (3) with a thicker layer so that it fills the gap caused by the play between the pin and the bush (max. 0.1 mm/ø) thus preventing moisture getting in. Installation should be carried out according to the antenna installation description – see point f of this description.

The tub with grease is supplied with the RAy2 units.

6.2.4. Flexible waveguide

Any type of antenna may be connected to the RAy2 unit using a flexible waveguide. Flexible waveguide mounting kit can be ordered as an accessory part.

Fig. 6.23: Flexible waveguide assembly

49© RACOM s.r.o. – RAy2 Microwave Link

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Installation

6.3. Connectors assembly

The FOD communication unit can be connected to the user network by metallic or fibre Ethernet cable.

The unit is equipped with those connectors:

■ ETH1+POE – Gigabit metallic Ethernet port. This port can power the unit with any Power over Ethernet power source working according to IEEE 802.3at standard.

■ ETH2 – Slot for user exchangeable SFP module. A wide range of optical modules is available. Both single or dual mode transceivers can be used. The SFP module with metallic RJ45 interface can be used as well. Please see the Important notice. The SFP status LED is located just next to the slot.

■ P – DC power connector. HW button for service purposes.

■ S – USB service connector. RSS voltage output connectors.

Fig. 6.24: FOD communication unit connectors

Important

Before connecting the FOD communication unit to the supply (to the user network) the FOD unit must be grounded according to Section 6.4, “Grounding”.

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Assembly procedure:

Fig. 6.25: Bushing and connector assembly

Installation

Fig. 6.26: Bushing incl. lengthening and connector assembly

• Put on the cable: the nut No.1, rubber sealing No.2, bushing No.3 and O-ring No.4.

• Attach the appropriate connector No.5 to the cable.

• Plug the connector No.5 into the RAy2 unit.

• Screw the bushing No.3 with the sealing O-ring into the RAy2 unit.

• Move the rubber sealing No.2 along the cable to fit in the bushing. Screw the nut No.1 on bushing No.3.

• (If you use extension ring No. 6 lubricate its thread with grease.)

Disassembly procedure:

• Release the nut No.1

• Remove the rubber sealing No.2

• Unscrew the bushing No.3 with O-ring No.4 (and extension No.6 with O-ring No.7).

• Remove the connector.

51© RACOM s.r.o. – RAy2 Microwave Link

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Installation

Fig. 6.27: Bushing including long lengthening

All necessary parts are delivered as an accessory SET-RAY2-CON-B. If the lengthening is needed use the extension SET-RAY2-EXT35 containing the parts No.6 and No.7 or use the longer extension SET-RAY2- EXT-F50.

The rubber sealing is delivered with three different internal diameters to fit different cable diameters. The rubber is diagonally cut to enable sealing of cables with preinstalled connectors.

Important

All bushings and plugs (including the original plugs in the ports) must be fitted with O-

• rings and carefully tightened. Failure to do so may result in moisture accessing the internal workings. In such a situation the functionality cannot be guaranteed.

• Before screwing extension ring (part No.6) into the RAy2 housing, lubricate its thread with grease.

• When using other bushing or connector than the delivered there is a danger of bad seal or damaging the connector. Interior space can be small.

6.4. Grounding

The lightning and overvoltage protection system example, designed in accordance with regulation CSN EN 62305.

1. Where possible the antenna should be located in an LPZ 0B protection zone with the use of a local or artificial air termination device for protection against direct lightning strikes.

2. When meeting conditions for ensuring electrical insulation (distance from the lightning conductor) in accordance with article 6.3, it is not recommended to ground the load-bearing structure and antenna to the external air termination network. Grounding should be attached to the protective system of the internal LV wiring or grounded internal structures using a CYA 6 mm2bonding conductor , see Fig. 6.28, “Grounding installation 1”

RAy2 Microwave Link – © RACOM s.r.o.52

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ETH

230 V~

PoE

LPZ 0

LPZ 1

LIGHTNING

ARRESTER

ETH

230 V~

PoE

LPZ 0

LPZ 1

GROUNDING KIT

LIGHTNING ARRESTER

Bonding bar

Installation

Fig. 6.28: Grounding installation 1

Fig. 6.29: Grounding installation 2

53© RACOM s.r.o. – RAy2 Microwave Link

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Installation

3. If it is not possible to set up conditions of electrical insulation in accordance with article 6.3 we recommend connecting the load-bearing structure at roof level to the external air termination network via an 8mm diameter FeZn conductor and shielding the data cable before entry to the building with a grounding kit and CYA 6 mm2conductor to the bonding bus, and if not already set up then also to the external air termination network, see Fig. 6.29, “Grounding installation 2”

4. If there is not an external LPS on the building we recommend routing lightning current through an 8mm FeZn conductor to a common grounding system, or to a separate grounding electrode with a ground resistance up to 10 Ω.

5. For limiting the overvoltage transferred over the data cable and into the building we recommend fitting surge protection at the interface between zones LPZ 0 and LPZ 1 connected via a CYA 4 mm2conductor to the same grounding point as the antenna or the antenna mast.

6. We recommend protecting the PoE power supply from overvoltage on the LV side with suitable class D surge protection.

The RAy2 unit is grounded to the flange at the fixing screws using an M8 screw. An insulated copper cable with a minimum cross-section of 6 mm2terminated with a terminal lug is used as a protective conductor. The conductor should have a green/yellow plastic cover along its whole length. For grounding a RAy grounding kit can be ordered as an accessory (see Chapter 4, Accessories) containing a grounding terminal ZSA16, 40 cm grounding strip 15 mm wide, and 100 cm of cable with grounding lugs. For instructions on installing terminals see the datasheet RAy grounding kit1. A qualified person must install the antenna.

Racom supplies surge protection for installation on Ethernet cables entering buildings. For more details see Surge protection2.

Additional safety recommendations

• Only qualified personnel with authorisation to work at heights are entitled to install antennas on

masts, roofs and walls of buildings.

• Do not install the antenna in the vicinity of electrical wiring. The antenna and bracket should not

come into contact with electrical wiring at any time.

• The antenna and cables are electrical conductors. During installation electrostatic charges may

build up which may lead to injury. During installation or repair work to parts of the antenna lead, bare metal parts must be temporarily grounded.

• The antenna and antenna cable must be grounded at all times. See Section 6.4, “Grounding”.

• Do not mount the antenna in windy or rainy conditions or during a storm, or if the area is covered

with snow or ice.

• Do not touch the antenna, antenna brackets or conductors during a storm.

http://www.racom.eu/download/hw/ray/free/eng/07_prislusenstvi/ZSA16-en.pdf

http://www.racom.eu/eng/products/microwave-link.html#accessories

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Fig. 6.30: Grounding kit for S/FTP 4+2 cable Fig. 6.31: Grounding kit detail

Installation

Fig. 6.32: Protective conductor at the FOD unit Fig. 6.33: Grounding the FOD unit

Fig. 6.34: Protective conductor at the mast on a ZSA16 terminal

Fig. 6.35: RAy grounding kit

55© RACOM s.r.o. – RAy2 Microwave Link

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Installation

Fig. 6.36: Separated lightning conductor

Note - It is always better not to install the microwave unit directly under the lightning conductor holders. There is lower probability of unit being polluted by birds.

It is necessary to install the Ethernet lead so that there is no excessive mechanical stress applied on the connector bushing:

Fig. 6.37: Example of a correct lead installation.

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Installation

6.5. Start up

Connect a power supply to the installed FOD unit and connect the configuration PC. Use an internet browser (such as Mozilla Firefox) to enter the configuration menu.

6.5.1. Noise on the site

This is particularly true for installation of links working in free bands, where the user has no secured frequency.

Analyse the level of noise in the individual channels using the spectrum analyzer under Tools – Live data – Frequency spectrum analyzer. If necessary adjust the choice of working channel on the basis of the results.

While doing so respect the rule that in one location all units emit a signal in the Upper part of the range and receive it in the Lower part of the range, or the other way round. A transmitter must not be installed in the part of the spectrum where other units function as receivers.

6.5.2. Directing antennas

If it is possible, use a narrow channel, low modulation and high power for the first antenna directing alignment. Working on both ends of the link simultaneously is favourable. Connect a voltmeter to the connectors and observe RSS changes in 2 V DC range. A stronger signal corresponds to lower voltage. Alternate units on both sides and slowly adjust the antenna vertically and horizontally to find the position with the strongest reception. At the same time look for the main signal maximums. To differentiate between the main and the side maximums refer to the Main and side lobes paragraph.

RSS measurement

For correctly setting the bridge and positioning it in the right direction it is advisable to connect a PC and use the diagnostic capabilities of the RAy2 station. In uncomplicated cases it is enough to connect a voltmeter via connectors and adjust to the lowest indicated voltage. Voltage is calibrated according to signal strength. E.g.: RSS -65 dBm corresponds to voltage 0.65 V, RSS -80 dBm corresponds to voltage 0.80 V etc.

Fig. 6.38: RSS connectors

Fig. 6.39: RSS connectors

- connecting a voltmeter

57© RACOM s.r.o. – RAy2 Microwave Link

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An tenna

Angle of T / Rx x

Ma in lobe

Ba ck lobe

Si de lobes

-90

0-180

Angle (Degrees)

Directivity (dBi)

Mai n l o b e

Sid e l o b es

Sid e l o b e

lev e l

18030 60-60 -30

Installation

Main and side lobes

Directional antennas have a specific angle within which radio waves can be transmitted or received (Angle of Tx/Rx).

The strongest signal is emitted in a forward direction; the main lobe is a graphical representation of its direction of travel and strength.

However signals are also emitted and received from unwanted directions through side lobes. In receiving antennas this is a highly significant factor contributing to the level of interference in a radio network (See Fig. 6.40, “Antenna lobe diagram”).

Fig. 6.41, “Signal strength graph” provides an indication of comparative signal strength from different beams emitted from a directional antenna.

Placing the antennas to the correct antenna alignment is very important to ensure the strongest signal is received:

Fig. 6.42: Correct alignment diagram

Fig. 6.40: Antenna lobe diagram

Fig. 6.41: Signal strength graph

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Examples

-40°

-10

G[dbi]

-20° 20° 40°0°

-40°

-10

G[dbi]

-20° 20° 40°0°

-40°

-10

G[dbi]

-20° 20° 40°0°

A – A

B–B C–C

CROSS-SECTION A –A

CROSS-SECTION C – C

-40°

G[dbi]

-20° 20°0°

MAIN BEAM

SIDE LOBE

A A B B

C C

40°

Installation

Fig. 6.43: Radiation diagrams

Both antennas should be oriented towards each other using the peaks of the radiation diagram. Adjust the antenna alternately in the horizontal and vertical axes and monitor the resulting signal strength. Use the calculation of the expected RSS with the precision of several dBm as guidance. Side lobes transmit a signal ca 20 dBm weaker, see the Microwave link Calculation3.

http://www.racom.eu/eng/products/microwave-link.html#calculation

59© RACOM s.r.o. – RAy2 Microwave Link

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Installation

The resulting RSS helps distinguish between the states A-A and C-C which appear similar. It also helps in situations where simple search for a maximum doesn’t work as shown in the illustration “incorrect adjustment”.

Real radiation diagrams are more complex, especially in that they run differently in horizontal and vertical axes. The basic steps for determining the main radiation lobe however stay valid. For example:

Fig. 6.44: Radiation diagram – incorrect adjustment

Fig. 6.45: 3D example of more complicated Radiation Pattern

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6.5.3. Link test

Basic parameters of the link are shown in the menu Status – Brief, its quality is characterized by RSS and SNR. Values on Status screens can be refreshed manually by pressing the Refresh button or in real time with a period of several seconds after activating the Start button. Press the Stop button to terminate the periodic refresh of values.

The RSS, SNR and BER values can also be viewed on the screen Tools – Live data – Bar indicators. After pressing the Start button, values will be refreshed with a period of one second.

After installation, it is good to reset the statistics using the Clear stats button in menu Status – Detailed. This allows easier diagnostics of the link’s reliability over time.

6.5.4. Parameters setup

After both antennas have been aligned, setup operation parameters for the link. In the case of links operating in the free band, setup the parameters based on survey results from the tool Tools – Live data – Frequency analyser. In the case of links operating on a licensed band, setup the parameters based on the assigned license:

• Bandwidth

• Channel Selection (TX / RX channel)

• Modulation (TXmodulation) –ACM is recommended. When selecting fixed modulation it is necessary to account for the fade margin. If fixed modulation is setup close to a possible maximum, then a deterioration in RSS could endanger the link both for data transfer as well as service access.

• Transmit power (TX power), or ATPC

• Verify and record IP addresses

• Define access channels – https / telnet / ssh / ssh with password

• Check the users password settings.

Restart both units by interrupting their power supply and verify the status of the link. This verifies that all parameters have been stored correctly in the memory.

Select Tools – Maintenance – Backup – Settings (Local & Peer) - Download and save the configuration to backup file “cnf_backup.tgz”.

This completes the installation. Further configuration can be performed remotely.

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Configuration

7. Configuration

7.1. Introduction

Controls

The following configuration buttons are used for configuration:

Apply and save parameters.Apply Set parameters are overwritten with original values.Cancel Reload all current values of the unit / both units.Refresh

Show defaults

Show backup

Start

Stop

Fig. 7.1: Info Refresh

Show values of individual parameters as they are stored in backup configuration (in the buffer). To use any of these values, you must use the Apply button.

Clicking the button displays the values of individual parameters held in the backup file (Backup – Settings – Open file upload). To use any of these values, you must use the Apply button. For loading the backup configuration see menu Tools – Maintenance – Backup.

Activating automatic refresh fields marked by icon using the Start button with the frequency cca 1 sec.

Use the Stop button to stop automatic refresh of displayed information with 1sec period. Date and time values are refreshed anyway.

Help

The microwave link configuration system is equipped with built in Help - see Help section. The Help is accessible in two forms:

• Configuration parameter context help. The help text is displayed in the pop up window after clicking the parameter name.

• The whole user interface help. The help text is displayed within the configuration screen after clicking the Help menu.

Secure login

You can login into the configuration interface using either the insecure http protocol (default login screen), or the secure https protocol. You should select the connection method on the login screen. If the https protocol is used, it is not possible to tap the network communication and acquire the station’s login information.

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Configuration

Fig. 7.2: Login

Rollback function

If you interrupt the connection on an operating link by entering inappropriate radio link parameters, the original parameters will be restored after 1 minute. The connection is automatically restored.

7.2. Status bar

Fig. 7.3: Status bar 1

The Status bar is located on the upper part of the screen below the title bar. It consists of 3 fields:

• Local unit status (unit assigned to the IP address entered in the browser or CLI)

• Local to Peer Link status.

• Peer unit status.

Local and Peer field displays:

• Station name according to configuration.

• Actual time valid for respective unit.

• Warning or Alarm icon in case of warning or alarm.

Link field display:

• Status of the link between both sides of the microwave link.

• Warning icon when the link is not capable of user data transfer.

The Link status can be one of the following values:

Unit start up. The initialization is not yet finished.UNKNOWN Unit initialization according to valid configuration.SETUP Unit in operation status. Link to peer unit is not established.SINGLE Connection to peer unit in progress.CONNECTING Authorization of the peer unit in progress.AUTHORIZING Link is connected. Peer unit is authorized.OK Spectrum analyzer mode active. User data are not transferred.ANALYZER

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Configuration

All link states except for the state of OK are highlighted with a triangle.:

Fig. 7.4: Status bar 2

Example of a complete page - status bar, menu and control buttons:

Fig. 7.5: Page example

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7.3. Status

Configuration

Fig. 7.6: Menu Status

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Configuration

The Status menu provides basic information about local and remote station. Informations is valid the moment the page is open, or the Refresh button is hit. The Status – Brief tab shows only the most important values whereas the Status – Detailed tab provides further details. Below is a list of all values according to the tab Status – Detailed. The icon marks fields which are automatically updated with 30 sec period (or 1 sec when the Start button is active).

7.3.1. Status - General

LED indicators

Date, Time

Power supply

Unit status indication

A - AIR

E - ETH

Unit type indicator.Unit code Unit serial number.Serial no. Station name assigned by user.Station name Station location assigned by user.Station location Unit’s firmware version.Firmware version The internal real-time clock. The clock is set manually or it is synchronized

with NTP server and set for both units. Temperature inside the unit (on the modem board).Inside temperature [°C] Unit’s power supply voltage level.Voltage [V] The power supply input the unit is powered from.

PoE - unit is powered via Ethernet cable plugged into port "ETH1+POE". AUX - unit is powered via DC cable plugged into port "P".

Green Red

Green Orange

- Radio link OK

- Radio link interrupted

- System OKGreenS - SYS

- ETH1 port - Link 10/100/1000

- ETH2 port - Link 10/100/1000

7.3.2. Status - Radio

Polarization

Bandwidth [MHz]

TX and RX channel [GHz]

TX modulation

Radio unit type: L (Lower) or U (Upper) part of the frequency band.Radio type Horizontal or vertical polarization based on the physical installation. Indic-

ates the polarization of the received signal. Local and Peer are indicated separately. The proper position of the cable is sideways down. Notice for RAy2-17 and RAy2-24 links: One side of the link must be installed in vertical polarization and the other in horizontal polarization.

Displays the currently used frequency table in format <name:version>.Frequency table Current transfer capacity of radio channel for user data.Net bitrate [Mbps] The maximum RF channel capacity according to installed feature key.Max. net bitrate [Mbps] One of the standard channel widths can be selected. This parameter must

be set identically in local and remote. Used channels. Both number of the channel and frequency in GHz are

listed. Modulation type currently used for transmitting. When adaptive modulation

is enabled, the ACM letters are displayed as well as information about

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Configuration

maximum permitted modulation: “current modulation ACM / maximum modulation”

TX power [dBm]

RSS [dBm]

Current output power on the RF channel in dBm. If ATPC is enabled, the ATPC letters are displayed as well as information about maximum permitted power: “current power ATPC / maximum power”

Received signal strength. If ATPC is enabled, the ATPC letters are displayed as well as information about threshold value for activation of power

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Configuration

control loop: “current RSS ATPC / threshold RSS”

SNR [dB]

Signal to Noise Ratio. If ATPC is enabled, the ATPC letters are displayed as well as information about threshold value for activation of power control loop: “current SNR ATPC / threshold SNR”

Bit Error Rate is registered at the receiving end; instantaneous value.BER [-] Time elapsed since the current link connection has been established.Link uptime

7.3.3. Status - Switch interface

Egress rate limit Air

Link mode Eth1, 2

Status of the Egress rate limitter on the Air interface. The traffic can be limitted according to bits per second or frames per second.

Message format for bits per second: "xx.xx Mbps Ly auto" where:

auto

Message format for frames per second: "xx.xx fps" where:

Status of ethernet interface. Current bit rate (10 = 10BASE-T, 100 = 100BASE-TX and 1000 = 1000BASE-T) and state of duplex (FD = full duplex, HD = half duplex).

Egress speed limit.xx.xx Mbps L1/L2/L3 which Ethernet layer is used for speed calculation.Ly gives information about active Speed guard function.

Egress frames per second limit.xx.xx fps

7.3.4. Status - Service access

HW address of the Ethernet module.MAC address

IPv4 address

Services

IP address in the standard dotted decimal notation, including the bit width of netmask after the forward slash.

Service access via VLAN management only.Management VLAN Services enabled for unit management and monitoring (Web, Telnet, SSH,

SNMP, NTP).

7.3.5. Status - Radio link statistics

Information on statistical data:

Time of log clearing.Statistics Cleared Period of log refresh.Statistics Period

Radio link statistics:

Overall time the link has been connected.Overall Link Uptime Overall time the link has been disconnected.Overall Link Downtime

Reliability [%]

The ratio of Uptime and Downtime. Current time the link has been connected.Current Link Uptime The longest downtime period recorded.The Longest Drop Length of the last link interruption.The Last Drop Number of link interruptions.Number of Drops

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7.4. Link settings

7.4.1. General

Setup of general parameters of the link.

Configuration

Fig. 7.7: Menu Link settings – General

Unit type indicator.Unit code Unit serial number.Serial no.

IPv4 address

Date, Time

Time source

IP address in the standard dotted decimal notation, including the bit width of netmask after the forward slash.

Station name assigned by user.Station name Station location assigned by user.Station location The internal real-time clock. The clock is set manually or it is synchronized

with NTP server and set for both units. Time synchronization source setup. Manual setup or NTP protocol use.

For easier diagnostics of link operation, it is recommended to use the NTP time synchronization.

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Configuration

Adjust time

Manual time setup. Use the dialog box to manually set the current date and time. You can copy time from browser (local PC).

IP address of the time synchronization server.NTP source IP Time synchronization interval.NTP period Time zoneTime zone Enable daylight saving timeDaylight saving

Note

When the time zone and/or daylight saving time is changed, the original values set in the RAy unit are kept. The actual change takes place after OS restart in order to prevent unexpected states related with local time change.

7.4.2. Radio

Setup of general parameters of the radio link.

Fig. 7.8: Menu Link settings – Radio

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Configuration

Radio unit type: L(ower) or U(pper) part of the frequency band.Radio type

Polarization

Bandwidth [MHz]

Frequency input

TX channel [GHz]

RX channel [GHz]

Horizontal or vertical polarization based on the physical installation. Indicates the polarization of the received signal. Local and Peer are indicated separately. The proper position of the cable is sideways down. Notice for RAy2-17 and RAy2-24 links: One side of the link must be installed in vertical polarization and the other in horizontal polarization.

One of the standard channel widths can be selected. This parameter must be set identically in local and remote.

Enable manual input (if supported). TX and RX frequencies [GHz] are manually entered. It is possible to disconnect the TX-RX lock and select TX and RX channels individually. Corresponding channels at peer unit are set automatically.

TX and RX channels are selected from a list of channels. The basic configuration has the TX and RX optionsinterconnected. In this case the basic duplex spacing between channels is preserved and by selecting one channel, the other three are defined as well. For units operating in free bands, it is possible to disconnect the TX-RX lock and select TX and RX channels individually. Corresponding channels at peer unit are set automatically. NOTE: Non-standard duplex setting leads to non-effective use of the spectrum.

Information about duplex spacing of TX and RX channel.Duplex spacing [MHz]

TX modulation

ATPC

ATPC RSS threshold [dBm]

TX power [dBm]

Antenna gain [dBi]

EIRP ?= limit [dBm]

Enable automatic control of modulation.ACM Modulation level for TX channel. You can select in range from QPSK (high

sensitivity for difficult conditions) to 256QAM (high speed under appropriate conditions). With ACM enabled the modulation will automatically operate from QPSK to the selected modulation.

Enable automatic control of RF power. Power is regulated towards lower level while maintaining signal level high enough not to affect current degree of modulation.

The ATPC algorithm controles the output power according to RSS of the peer unit. The lowest allowed RSS (the threshold) is approx. 10 dBm above declared sensitivity for BER 10-6. If necessary, it is possible to use this parameter to move the threshold slightly up or down.

RF output power. With ATPC enabled this parameter defines maximum RF power level.

Valid only for RAy2-17 and RAy2-24 links. Gain of used antenna. It is used to calculate approximate EIRP.

Valid only for RAy2-17 and RAy2-24 links. Approximate calculation of EIRP. Number on the right shows the allowed EIRP limit. Sign between numbers gives information on compliance / noncompliance with allowed EIRP limits.

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Configuration

7.4.3. Service access

Services

Access routes for link configuration.

Fig. 7.9: Menu Link settings – Service access – Services

Service channel

There are two modes of accessing the internal management system of the microwave link: standard and direct

standard:

Both units are configured with the separate IP addresses, Netmasks, Gateways and Management VLANs. IP addresses of both units doesn't have to belong in to the same sub-net. The Internal VLAN is required to encapsulate the internal service traffic between both units of the microwave link. There are additional internal service addresses used for this internal service traffic (see IPv4 address - Local section for further details).

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Configuration

direct:

Both units are configured with the separate IP addresses but with the same Netmask, Gateway and the Management VLAN. IP addresses of both units must belong in to the same sub-net. There is no need for Internal VLAN to handle the internal service traffic between both units of the microwave link. No additional internal service addresses exist.

NOTE: It is strongly recommended to use Management VLAN to encapsulate and prioritize the management traffic when the direct mode is selected. If the Management VLAN is not used (while in direct mode), the internal service traffic is NOT prioritized.

IPv4 address

- Local

Unknown IP address

IPv4 address

- Peer

Service IP address, by default 192.168.169.169 for L unit and 192.168.169.170 for U unit. Four addresses 169.254.173.236/30 are used for internal communication. Must not be used as service IP address. Those four addresses are not used while Service channel is set to direct mode.

For easier identification of service IP address, RAy is equipped with LLDP protocol. This protocol sends a broadcast every 60 seconds with the following information:

IP addressManagement address Serial numberSystem Description Type (e.g. RAY2-17-L)Chassis Subtype

IEEE 802.1 - Port and Protocol VLAN ID

Port and Protocol VLAN Identifier: (e.g. 300 (0x012C)) but only if Management VLAN is enabled

The message can be recorded and converted into a readable form using an LLDP client. A suitable tool for this purpose is Wireshark IP traffic analyzing tool, with free licenses available for both Windows and Linux. To locate the message easily, use the Capture filter "ether proto 0x88cc” in Wireshark.

Management address of the Peer station. This address has to be set up when the Service channel is set to direct mode.

Mask for service access, 24 by default.Netmask

Management VLAN

VID

Default gateway for service access; empty by default.Gateway Enables access via VLAN management. Blocks access for https, ssh and telnet con-

figuration via untagged packets (without VLAN) making only VLAN access possible. VLAN management is off by default. WARNING: By enabling VLAN management, ALL accesses are blocked for configuration using normal (untagged) LAN! During tests, you may enable VLAN management on one unit only (if the Service channel = standard). Then it is possible to access the link via LAN and VLAN either directly or via radio link.

VLAN management id, by default 1. This field must have a value entered even when VLAN management is not active.

Protocol 802.1q or 802.1adProtocol

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Configuration

Internal VLAN

Web server

CLI (telnet)

CLI (SSH)

SNMP community string

SNMP trap IP

Valid only for Service channel = standard: The RAy uses one VLAN id for internal service communication between both units. There are two situations when it might be necessary to change the Internal VLAN id:

- Conflict within user data flow when the same VLAN id is already present within a data flow.

- Conflict with the internal management address of another RAy unit located at the same site and connected in the same LAN segment. NOTE: The Ethernet frames within this service channel are marked with IEEE 802.1p priority class "7". Default parameters for QoS and Egress queue control are pre-set to prioritize this service communication channel.

Allows access via web server (for HTTP and HTTPS protocol). WARNING: after disabling access via web server, you will not be able to access the unit using a web browser!

Enables access via telnet protocol. Provides access to CLI (Command Line Interface) for simple telnet clients. Disabled by default.

Enables access via SSH protocol. Provides secure access to CLI. If preventing unauthorized access to the unit is the number one priority, leave only this server on.

Enabling SNMP server. Off by default.SNMP SNMP community string. Can contain both lower and uppercase letters, numbers,

four characters . : _ - and can be up to 256 characters long. Address for sending SNMP traps. It is possible to record up to 3 addresses separated

by commas.

LED indicators

Internal link watchdog

Enable LED status indicators on the body of the unit. You can turn off all LEDs with this option.

Watching over connection of both link units. In case of prolonged failure (10 min) a cold restart is performed (the equivalent of turning off the power). Off by default.

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USB accessories

USB service connector can be used as a service port to the Local unit only. USB to Ethernet and USB to WiFi adapters can be used.

Configuration

Fig. 7.10: Menu Link settings – Service access – USB accessories

Unit service management address when connecting via USB port.IPv4 address

DHCP start DHCP end

enable

WiFi passphrase

WiFi channel

DHCP range for dynamic address allocation of the management client connected via USB port.

USB to Ethernet adapter operation Enable/Disable.Ethernet adapter enable DHCP server for the client(s) connected via the USB to Ethernet adapter.Ethernet adapter DHCP

USB to WiFi adapter operation Enable/Disable.WiFi adapter enable DHCP server for the client(s) connected via the USB to WiFi adapter.WiFi adapter DHCP

Service WiFi SSID can be max 32 characters long.WiFi SSID Service WiFi encryption is WPA2.WiFi encryption Service WiFi passphrase has to be 8-64 characters long. The WiFi will not

start until it is defined. Service WiFi mode can be IEEE 802.11n or IEEE 802.11gWiFi mode IEEE 802.11n - channels 1-9

IEEE 802.11g - channels 1-13

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Configuration

Users

List and setup of users. Example menu of the cli_super level user.

Fig. 7.11: Menu Link settings – Service access – Users

Within the default Factory Settings one user is defined in the system. This user has username admin and password admin and is assigned the highest level of permissions cli_super. This user then assigns other users to the system along with their level of permissions.

Service access has three levels of permissions. Numbers of users that can be defined in the system:

No of usersPermissions

10cli_guest 10cli_admin

2cli_super

cli_supercli_admincli_guestPermissions defined in the system

YesNoNoCreate new user YesYesYesChange own password YesNoNoDelete user * YesNoNoCopy (Mirror) permissions local to peer YesYesNoConfigure and modify link settings

* The system prevents the user from deleting both cli_super accounts.

The logged on user is shown in the top right of the screen. There can be different users on either end of the link.

Important

It is strongly recommended that the default password admin is changed. Similarly all other users should change their password. Using the CLI, it is appropriate to supplement the SSH key.

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Configuration

List of users on Local and Peer stations.Local, Peer

This name is entered at Login to log into the link management.Username

Group

User group to which the user belongs.

Read Onlycli_guest Configure and modify link settingscli_admin Configure and modify user accounts and link settingscli_super

Information about whether user has a passwordPassword Information about whether user has at least one ssh key defined.SSH key

Note

More users concurrently

If two or more users work concurrently on the unit any change of configuration settings should be applied by all users. This applies to the menu Link settings which works with both, Local and Peer parameters. Notification to other users:

If one user sends the Apply command, other users will receive a message: Configuration changed, please go to Link settings and click Refresh. Other users can only use the Apply command after refreshing Link Settings.

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Configuration

Edit use

Clicking Edit next to a username opens a screen with configuration of the given account.

Fig. 7.12: Menu Link settings – Service access – Users – edit

User nameUsername The group to which this user will belong.Group

Password

SSH key

Save the menu content by clicking on the button Apply.

Backup user

Password can be set or deleted.

Delete – User will not have a password. The user will only be able to log in with an ssh key. In order to delete the password, you must first upload the ssh key.

Set – Password settings. New password.New password Repeat password.Confirm password Working with ssh key.

Delete – Clear all ssh keys from user account.

Set/replace – Add a new key. If there already was any key(s), it will

be overwritten.

Add – Add a new key. You can enter multiple ssh keys in this way. Insert key file.Key file

The user settings can be backed up, see Tools / Maintenance / Backup.

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Configuration

Delete user

Users at level cli_super have a Delete button next to each user. Delete a user using this button without being asked to confirm deletion. Users at level cli_super cannot both be deleted.

Add user

The button is located on the bottom bar. For level cli_super users, the Add user button is active. Use it to create a new user within any

group.

Name of new user.Username The group to which this user is assigned.Group Password for this user.New password Repeat password.Confirm password

SSH key

Create a new user account by clicking on the button Apply.

Mirror users

The button is located on the bottom bar. For level cli_super users, the Mirror users button is active. This function will copy all user accounts

from Local unit to Peer unit. All existing user accounts on the Peer unit are deleted.

If you want the user to have access using ssh protocol and identity verification using ssh key, enter the ssh key here.

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Configuration

7.4.4. Alarms

Alarms Config

Fig. 7.13: Menu Link settings – Alarms – Config

The diagnostic system of the link monitors the operation of the unit.

It generates various output of events - system warnings and alarms. The event is always written to the system log and indicated in the status bar and Alarms-Status screen. Some events have adjustable thresholds. Events with no adjustable thresholds may or may not be Enabled. If they are not Enabled, the system event is not activated even if the system status is changed.

If the event goes above or below the set parameter limits or a link goes down or up, you can choose to send an SNMP trap.

descriptiondefaultalarm Temperature inside the unit (on the modem board.)>80Inside temper. [°C] Lower threshold of supply voltage.<40Voltage min [V]

>60Voltage max [V]

Upper threshold of supply voltage. There is the same SNMP trap (same OID) both for Voltage min and max.

Received Signal Strength.<−80RSS [dBm] Signal to Noise Ratio.<10SNR [dB]

−6

BER [-]

0Net bitrate [Mbps]

Bit Error Rate registered at the receiving end; instantaneous value.>10e The system warning is generated when the current transfer capacity of

radio channel is lower than the threshold set in this parameter. Interruption of radio link.tickedAir link down

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Configuration

Eth link down

Alarms Status

Corresponding user Eth link (Eth1/Eth2) on station interrupted. NOTE: The EthX link system alarm can only be activated if this alarm is Enabled. When the alarm is not Enabled, the EthX link alarm on Status screen is always OK regardless of the current status of the Ethernet link.

Loss of transmit power (not applicable for RAy2-17 neither RAy2-24).RF power fail

Fig. 7.14: Menu Link settings – Alarms – Status

Overview of alarms

All system alarms are listed on this screen. Inactive alarms are colored white with an "OK" text label. Active alarms are colored according to the severity of the alarm (see below) with a text message describing the measured value status.

Fig. 7.15: Alarm severity scale

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Configuration

Alarms Acknowledge

Fig. 7.16: Menu Link settings – Alarms – Acknowledge

Alarm acknowledgement is a way to allow the operator to confirm the system is in alarm state. Only an active alarm can be acknowledged. Multiple selection of active alarms (to acknowledge groups of alarms) can be performed using Shift or Ctrl keys.

Name

State

Ack

Comment

Alarm identification. The following alarms can appear: Inside temperature, Voltage min, Voltage max, RSS, SNR, BER, Net bitrate, Air link, Eth1 link, Eth2 link, RF power

There are three possible alarm states: OK ... No alarm (alarm is inactive) or alarm disabled. Ack ... Alarm is active and acknowledged. Alarm ... Alarm is active and is not acknowledged.

Time stamp when the alarm occured.From Time stamp when the alarm expired (returned to normal conditions).To Time stamp when the alarm was acknowledged.

Time stamp format: yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss Name (login) of the user who acknowledged the alarm.User The comment field can be used to add user defined comments when 'alarm ac-

knowledge' is performed. Use this comment to describe important details of the alarm status. The comment can be up to 50 characters long. Special characters are not allowed. The alarm can be acknowledged multiple times with different comments. Every acknowledgement is written to the internal memory and is visible in the alarm log.

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7.5. Switch settings

7.5.1. Status

Port status

The unit internal Ethernet switch port status

Configuration

Fig. 7.17: Menu Switch settings - Port status

Port name

Link status

Speed / duplex

SFP info

Identification of the internal switch port. The switch ports are connected to an external port or to an internal device (radio modem, management CPU).

Eth1 Eth2 CPU Air

Ethernet link status can be

The type of the physical layer is indicated after the slash

Ethernet link Speed and duplex.

Information about the (optionally) inserted SFP module. The three different types of SFP modules can be used:

The external port (with RJ45 interface) labeled "ETH1+POE". Port 2. The external port (with SFP interface) labeled "ETH2". Port 4. The internal port to management CPU. It is physical port number 5. The internal port to radio modem, i.e. link to the peer unit. Port 6.

no link signal detecteddown / type link signal detectedup / type

metallic Ethernet interfacecopper SFP module can be either optic or metallicSFP

10/100/1000 Mbps.Speed: full/halfDuplex:

dual mode with LC connectorFibre single mode with LC connectorFibre

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Configuration

with RJ45 connectorCopper

There can be one of the following scenarios:

messagescenario

MDIX

Tx state

Flow control

SFP OK

option

Status of the internal crossover of Ethernet cables. (MDIX = internally crossed pairs, MDI = direct connection, N/A means an unknown state).

Port transmitting status can be

Mechanism for temporarily stopping the transmission of data on an Ethernet network. Enabling flow control allows use of buffers of connected active network elements for leveling uneven flow of user data. For correct operation it is necessary to also enable Flow control on the connected device. Flow control is handled by sending Pause frames to the connected device. See Flow control and Pause limit parameters. Flow control can be one of the following values:

The SFP vendor string read out of SFP module. The vendor, model,

connector (RJ45/LC) and wavelength values are shown. Separate

window with more detailed information can be opened by clicking

the more... link.

No SFP moduleNo SFP

n/aread error

–no SFP

Normal port operationtransmitting

Port transmitter is paused due to Pause frames receptionpaused

QoS

Flow control is disabled.disabled

Flow control is enabled.enabled

active

Quality of Service status can be one of the following values:

802.1p,DSCP

DSCP,802.1p

Flow control is enabled and activated. The port has requested the

link partner not to send any more data (by sending Pause frames).

QoS functions are disabled.disabled

QoS according to 802.1p is enabled.802.1p

QoS according to DSCP is enabled.DSCP

QoS according to 802.1p and DSCP is enabled. The 802.1 prefer

tag is selected.

QoS according to 802.1p and DSCP is enabled. The DSCP prefer

tag is selected.

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RMON counters

The unit internal Ethernet switch RMON counters

Configuration

Fig. 7.18: Menu Switch settings - RMON counters

The Remote Network MONitoring (RMON) MIB was developed by the IETF to support monitoring and protocol analysis of LANs.

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Configuration

Port name

The Internal switch port RMON counters

These counters provide a set of Ethernet statistics for frames received on ingress and transmitted on egress.

Ingress statistics counters

Identification of the internal switch port. The switch ports are connected to an external port or to an internal device (radio modem, management CPU).

Eth1 Eth2 CPU Air

In good octets

In unicasts

In multicasts

The sum of lengths of all good Ethernet frames received, that is frames that are not bad frames.

The sum of lengths of all bad Ethernet frames received.In bad octets The number of good frames received that have a Unicast destina-

tion MAC address. The number of good frames received that have a Multicast destin-

ation MAC address. NOTE: This does not include frames counted in In broadcasts nor does it include frames counted in In pause.

In broadcasts

In pause

In undersize

In oversize

In FCS errors

In fragments

In jabber

errors In discards

In filtered

The number of good frames received that have a Broadcast destination MAC address.

The number of good frames received that have a Pause destination MAC address.

Total frames received with a length of less than 64 octets but with a valid FCS.

Total frames received with a length of more than MaxSize octets but with a valid FCS.

Total frames received with a CRC error not counted in In fragments, In jabber or In MAC RX errors.

Total frames received with a length of less than 64 octets and an invalid FCS.

Total frames received with a length of more than MaxSize octets but with an invalid FCS.

Total frames received with an RxErr signal from the PHY.In MAC RX

Total number of frames that normally would have been forwarded, but could not be due to a lack of buffer space.

Total number of good frames that were filtered due to ingress switch policy rules.

Egress statistics counters

The sum of lengths of all Ethernet frames sent from this MAC.Out octets

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Configuration

Out FCS errors

Out unicasts

Out multicasts

Out broadcasts

Out deffered

Out collisions

The number of frames transmitted with an invalid FCS. Whenever a frame is modified during transmission (e.g., to add or remove a tag) the frame’s original FCS is inspected before a new FCS is added to a modified frame. If the original FCS is invalid, the new FCS is made invalid too and this counter is incremented.

The number of frames sent that have a Unicast destination MAC address.

The number of good frames sent that have a Multicast destination MAC address. NOTE: This does not include frames counted in Out broadcasts nor does it include frames counted in Out pause.

The number of good frames sent that have aBroadcast destination MAC address.

The number of Flow Control frames sent.Out pause The total number of successfully transmitted frames that experi-

enced no collisions but are delayed becausethe medium was busy during the first attempt. This counter is applicable in half-duplex only.

The number of collision events seen by the MAC not including those counted in Out Single, Multiple, Excessive, or Late. This counter is applicable in half-duplex only. See Auto negotiation.

Out single

Out multiple

Out excessive

Out late

Out filtered

Frame size histogram counters

Size 64 octets

Size 65-127 octets

Size 128-255 octets

The total number of successfully transmitted frames that experienced exactly one collision. This counter is applicable in half-duplex only.

The total number of successfully transmitted frames that experienced more than one collision. This counter is applicable in halfduplex only.

The number frames dropped in the transmit MAC because the frame experienced 16 consecutive collisions. This counter is applicable in half-duplex only.

The number of times a collision is detected later than 512 bits-times into the transmission of a frame. This counter is applicable in halfduplex only.

Total number of good frames that were filtered due to egress switch policy rules.

Total frames received (and/or transmitted) with a length of exactly 64 octets, including those with errors.

Total frames received (and/or transmitted) with a length of between 65 and 127 octets inclusive, including those with errors.

Total frames received (and/or transmitted) with a length of between 128 and 255 octets inclusive, including those with errors.

Size 256-511 octets

Size 512-1023 octets

Total frames received (and/or transmitted) with a length of between 256 and 511 octets inclusive, including those with errors.

Total frames received (and/or transmitted) with a length of between 512 and 1023 octets inclusive, including those with errors.

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Configuration

Histogram counters mode

Measure time

Refresh Difference

Size 1024-max octets

Frame size histogram counters can count received and/or transmitted octets. The mode of histogram counters is indicated here.

This is the time interval, the diff column is valid for. The diff column shows the difference of the actual value of the counters at the moment of pressing the Difference button and the value of the counters at the moment of pressing the Refresh button.

In another way: The Difference counter reference value can be reset by pressing the Refresh button. The time point at which the Difference counter sample is triggered and the diff value is calculated is defined by pressing the Difference button.

The total column always shows the actual values. It is refreshed either by pressing the Refresh and also the Difference button.

Total frames received (and/or transmitted) with a length of between 1024 and MaxSize (see MTU parameter) octets inclusive, including those with errors.

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Queue allocation

Fig. 7.19: Menu Switch settings - Queue allocation

Configuration

Free queue

Port name

Ingress ...

Egress ...

Queue 0~3 [buffers]

Free Queue Size Counter. This counter reflects the current number of unallocated buffers available for all the ports [buffers].

Identification of the internal switch port. The switch ports are connected to an external port or to an internal device (radio modem, management CPU).

Eth1 Eth2 CPU Air

This counter reflects the current number of reserved Ingress buffers assigned to this port [buffers].

This counter reflects the current number of Egress buffers switched to this port. This is the total number of buffers across all priority queues [buffers].

Those counters reflect the current number of Egress buffers switched to this port for individual priority queues [buffer].

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Configuration

Register dump

Fig. 7.20: Menu Switch settings - Register dump

The exact contents of the internal switch configuration and diagnostic registers can be listed for diagnostic purposes. All registers are separated into several groups.

Groups

Ports

Registers

Global switch parameters.Globals

Global port related parameters.All ports

Port specific parameters.

Registers contents is listed in hexadecimal notation.

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RSTP

Configuration

Fig. 7.21: Menu Switch settings - RSTP

RSTP service status

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Configuration

7.5.2. Interface

Port

Port settings

Fig. 7.22: Menu Switch settings - Port

Phyter is responsible for Ethernet signal conversion between wire (e.g. CAT7 cable) and internal switch bus.

Port name

Link status

Speed / duplex

Identification of the internal switch port. The switch ports are connected to an external port or to an internal device (radio modem, management CPU).

Eth1 Eth2

Ethernet link status can be

The type of the physical layer is indicated after the slash

Ethernet link Speed and duplex.

The external port (with RJ45 interface) labeled "ETH1+POE". Port 2. The external port (with SFP interface) labeled "ETH2". Port 4.

no link signal detecteddown / type link signal detectedup / type

metallic Ethernet interfacecopper SFP module can be either optic or metallicSFP

10/100/1000 MbpsSpeed full/halfDuplex

SFP info

Information about the (optionally) inserted SFP module. The three different types of SFP modules can be used:

dual mode with LC connectorFibre

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single mode with LC connectorFibre with RJ45 connectorCopper

There can be one of the following scenarios:

messagescenario

Configuration

Port enable

Auto negotiation

SFP OK

option

The port can be enabled or disabled.

WARNING: When the port is disabled, no communication is possible through this port.

Auto-Negotiation is an Ethernet procedure by which two connected devices choose common transmission parameters, such as speed, duplex mode and flow control. In this process, the connected devices first share their capabilities regarding these parameters and then choose the highest performance transmission mode they both support.

The device supports three types of Auto-Negotiation:

10/100/1000BASE-T Copper Auto-Negotiation. (IEEE 802.3 Clauses 28 and

40)

The SFP vendor string read out of SFP module. The vendor, model, connector (RJ45/LC) and wavelength values are shown. Separate window with more detailed information can be opened by clicking the more... link.

No SFP moduleNo SFP n/aread error –no SFP

1000BASE-X Fiber Auto-Negotiation (IEEE 802.3 Clause 37) SGMII Auto-Negotiation (Cisco specification)

Auto-Negotiation provides a mechanism for transferring information from the local unit to the link partner to establish speed, duplex and Master/Slave preference during a link session.

Auto-Negotiation is initiated upon any of the following conditions:

Power up reset Hardware reset Software reset Restart Auto-Negotiation Transition from power down to power up The link goes down

The 10/100/1000BASE-T Auto-Negotiation is based on Clause 28 and 40 of the IEEE 802.3 specification. It is used to negotiate speed, duplex and flow control over CAT5 (or higher) UTP cable. Once Auto-Negotiation is initiated, the device determines whether or not the remote device has Auto-Negotiation capability. If so, the device and the remote device negotiate the speed and duplex with which to operate.

If the remote device does not have Auto-Negotiation capability, the device uses the parallel detect function to determine the speed of the remote device for 100BASE-TX and 10BASE-T modes. If a link is established based on the parallel

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Configuration

detect function, it is then required to establish the link at half-duplex mode only. Refer to IEEE 802.3 clauses 28 and 40 for a full description of Auto-Negotiation.

1000BASE-X Auto-Negotiation is defined in Clause 37 of the IEEE 802.3 specification. It is used to auto-negotiate duplex and flow control over fibre cable.

If the PHY enables 1000BASE-X Auto-Negotiation and the link partner does not, the link cannot linkup. The device implements an Auto-Negotiation bypass mode.

SGMII Auto-Negotiation. SGMII is a de-facto standard designed by Cisco. SGMII uses 1000BASE-X coding to send data as well as Auto-Negotiation information between the PHY and the MAC. However, the contents of the SGMII Auto-Negotiation are different than the 1000BASE-X Auto-Negotiation.

WARNING: If one device provides Auto-negotiation and the other works with a manual link parameters settings (i.e. without Auto-negotiation) the link operates in half-duplex mode. If the manual settings is set to full-duplex, the Out collisions may occur.

Speed / duplex

Flow control

Ethernet link speed and duplex mode can be selected. Both parameters can be either auto negotiated or set manually. When the Auto negotiation parameter is disabled, only manual setting of the speed and duplex is possible. In most cases it is better to enable the auto negotiation and use "auto / auto" speed and duplex settings.

There are two possibilities to force the link to operate in specific speed and duplex:

Auto negotiation enabled. Select the desired Speed / duplex. The auto negotiation process advertises only this specified link mode. The link partner is asked to use it.

Auto negotiation disabled. Select the desired Speed / duplex. The link is set to this specified link mode. The link partner has to be set manually to the same mode.

The flow control mechanism is handled by sending Pause frames to the connected device. There are several modes of Pause frames generation:

Pause frames disabled.no pause Pause frames transmission and reception enabled.symmetric Pause frames transmission enabled, reception disabled.asymmetric

(send)

Pause frames reception enabled, transmission disabled.asymmetric

(receive)

Force flow control

1000T master mode

Energy detect

Auto-Negotiation has to be enabled to enable Pause frames sending and receiving.

If the Auto-Negotiation is disabled and Flow control is required, the Force flow control parameter can be used. Flow control is turned on without having to be AutoNegotiated

The 1000BASE-T master/slave mode can be manually configured.

Automatic MASTER/SLAVE configuration.auto Manual configure as MASTER.master Manual configure as SLAVE.slave

The device can be placed in energy detect power down modes by selecting either of the two energy detect modes. Both modes enable the PHY to wake up on its

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Configuration

own by detecting activity on the Ethernet cable. The energy detect modes only apply to the copper media.

In the first sense mode, if the PHY detects energy on the line, it starts to Auto-Negotiate sending FLPs (Fast Link Pulse) for 5 seconds. If at the end of 5 seconds the Auto-Negotiation is not completed, then the PHYstops sending FLPs and goes back to monitoring received energy. If Auto-Negotiation is completed, then the PHY goes into normal 10/100/1000 Mbps operation. If during normal operation the link is lost, the PHY will re-start Auto-Negotiation. If no energy is detected after 5 seconds, the PHY goes back to monitoring received energy.

In sense pulse mode, the PHY sends out a single 10 Mbps NLP (Normal Link Pulse) every one second. Except for this difference, this is identical to the previous mode (sense) operation. If the device is in sense mode, it cannot wake up a connected device; therefore, the connected device must be transmitting NLPs. If the device is in sense pulse mode, then it can wake a connected device.

Offoff Sense and periodically transmit NLP (Energy Detect+TM).sense pulse Sense only on Receive (Energy Detect).sense

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Configuration

Port advanced

The unit internal Ethernet switch Port settings

Fig. 7.23: Menu Switch settings - Port advanced

Port name

Label

Frame mode

Identification of the internal switch port. The switch ports are connected to an external port or to an internal device (radio modem, management CPU).

Eth1 Eth2 CPU Air

Custom port name.

Ethernet Frame mode control defines the expected Ingress and the generated Egress tagging frame format for this port as follows:

normal

provider

Normal Network mode uses industry standard IEEE 802.3ac Tagged or Untagged frames. Tagged frames use an Ether Type of 0x8100. Ports that are expected to be connected to standard Ethernet devices should use this mode.

Inactive options are not required.DSA Provider mode uses user definable Ether Types per port (see Ether

type parameter) to define that a frame is Provider Tagged. Ports that are connected to standard Provider network devices, or devices that use Tagged frames with an Ether Type other than 0x8100 should use this mode.

Frames that ingress this port with an Ether Type that matches the port's Ether Type parameter will be considered tagged, will have the tag's VID and PRI bits assigned to the frame (i.e. they will be used for

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type DSA

Configuration

switching and mapping), and will have the Provider Tag removed from the frame. If subsequent Provider Tags are found following the 1st Provider Tag, they too will be removed from the frame with their VID and PRI bits being ignored. Modified frames will be padded if required.

Frames that ingress this port with an Ether Type that does not match the Ether Type parameter will be considered untagged. The ingressing frames are modified so they are ready to egress out Customer ports (Normal Network Frame Mode ports) unmodified.

Frames that egress this port will always have a tag added (even if they were already tagged). The added tag will contain this port's Ether Type as its Ether Type. The PRI bits will be the Frame Priority FPri assigned to the frame during ingress. The VID bits will be the source port's Default VID bits (if the source port was in Normal Network mode), or the VID assigned to the frame during ingress (if the source port was in Provider mode).

Valid only for the "p5 CPU" port.ether Ether Type DSA mode uses standard Marvell DSA Tagged frame in-

formation following a user definable Ether Type (see Ether type parameter). This mode allows the mixture of Normal Network frames with DSA Tagged frames and is useful on ports that connect to a CPU.

Frame type

Frames that ingress this port with an Ether Type that matches the port's "Ether Type" will be considered DSA Tagged and processed accordingly. The frame's Ether Type and DSA pad bytes will be removed so the resulting frame will be ready to egress out Marvell DSA Tag Mode ports unmodified. Frames that ingress this port with a different Ether Type will be considered Normal Network Frames and processed accordingly.

Marvell DSA Tag control frames that egress this port will always get the port's "Ether Type" inserted followed by two pad bytes of 0x00 before the DSA Tag. Marvell DSA Tag Forward frames that egress this port can egress just like the control frames (with the added Ether Type and pad) or they can egress as if the port was configured in Normal Network mode. This selection is controlled by the port's Egress Mode bits above.

Ethernet frame type (often called EtherType) is used to indicate which protocol is encapsulated in the payload of an Ethernet Frame. Thisparameter is important when one protocol is encapsulated to another protocol.

Examples:

CommentStandardEth. type

IEEE 802.1q0x8100

Double-tagged, Q-in-Q or C-tag stacking on C-tag. Ctag in IEEE 802.1ad frames

S-TagIEEE 802.1ad0x88a8

MTU [B]

S-Tag (backbone S-Tag)IEEE 802.1ah0x88e7

-0x9100

See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EtherType for futher details.

MTU determines the maximum frame size allowed to be received or transmitted from or to a given physical port. This implies that a Jumbo frame may be allowed to be

It is used very often. For example an old non-standard

802.1QinQ protocol uses this value.

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Configuration

received from a given input port but may or may not be allowed to be transmitted out of a port or ports. The possible values are 1522, 2048 and 10240 Bytes.

NOTE: The definition of frame size is counting the frame bytes from MAC_DA through Layer2 CRC of the frame.

Pause limit in [frame]

Pause limit out [frame]

Ignore Frame checksum

Limit the number of continuous Pause refresh frames that can be received on this port (if full-duplex) or the number of 16 consecutive collisions (if half-duplex). When a port has flow control enabled, this parameter can be used to limit how long this port can be Paused or Back Pressured off to prevent a port stall through jamming.

The Flow Control on the port is (temporarily) disabled when the Pause refresh frames count exceeds the value of this parameter.

Setting this parameter to 0 will allow continuous jamming to be received on this port.

Limit the number of continuous Pause refresh frames that can be transmitted from this port – assuming each Pause refresh is for the maximum pause time of 65536 slot times. When full-duplex Flow Control is enabled on this port, this parameter is used to limit the number of Pause refresh frames that can be generated from this port to keep this port’s link partner from sending any data.

Clearing this parameter to 0 will allow continuous Pause frame refreshes to egress this port as long as this port remains congested.

Setting this parameter to 1 will allow 1 Pause frame to egress from this port for each congestion situation.

Setting this parameter to 2 will allow up to 2 Pause frames to egress from this port for each congestion situation, etc.

Ignore Frame checksum (FCS) - or in other words - Force good FCS in the frame. When this parameter is not set (default behaviour), frames entering this port must have a good CRC or else they are discarded. When this parameter is set, the last four bytes of frames received on this port are overwritten with a good CRC and the frames are accepted by the switch (assuming that the frame’s length is good and it has a destination).

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IP header 3-rd layer 6 bits

port

L2 switching block

VLAN 2-nd layer 3 bits

QoS Weight table

Scheduling mode

Rate [kbps] [fps]

Queue

default queue

802.1p Mapping

Tra fic type

Frame type

Leaky bucket

Default

AND/OR

Priority

rate

DSCP Mapping

Prefer

lenght, type

QPri

Pri 3–0

Bucket 0–4

Priority overriding

1. VLAN based

2. SA based

3. DA based

QoS PIRL

FRAME

Egress queue control

Def. prior.

bucket params.

follow other ports

Configuration

PIRL

PIRL (Port based Ingress Rate Limiting) has the task of arranging the transfer of frames; ensuring as few frames as possible are discarded and that ports are not blocked.

Diagram of framework processing options are available within theQoS, PIRL and Egress queue control menus:

Fig. 7.24: PIRL and queues

Frame

The frame comes via port, has a certain length and MAC addresses SA and DA. The IP header carries the DSCP priority and may also carry the 802.1p VLAN priority.

QoS

The Queue priority (QPri) is created based on preferences within the DSCP or 802.1p priority. This priority takes values from 0 to 3, and controls the processing of frames inside the switch.

• Untagged frames are provided with 802.1p priority by default.

• Priorities may be remapped.

• The priority can also be overwritten by the Advanced menu priority derived from a VLAN, SA and/or DA addresses.

The Frame priority (FPri) is processed in a similar manner. Frame coming from the network and frame being sent to the network is marked by this priority.

PIRL

Between the port and the common switch there may be between 1 and 5 “flow restrictors” working in parallel according to the schedule “leaky bucket”. These are called “Resource”. This is analogous to

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Configuration

the container which is intermittently replenished by tokens according to incoming frames and is continuously emptied. Regulatory measures are implemented at a certain height to ensure the bucket does not overflow.

PIRL - Edit section of this menu is made up of several groups of parameters:

• Resource identification.

• Resource capacity, transfer byte into tokens.

• Method of counting frames.

• Regulatory interventions (drop frame - reduce feeding)

• Selecting frames (all - by priority QPri - by type).

The above mentioned parameters are used to allocate part of a frame to eachResource. Their passage is regulated thus avoiding network congestion. If there is a framework that does not match the filter of any Resource, this then passes to the switch without restrictions.

Switching block

In this block (L2-switch) each frame is routed to a designated port according to the Advanced menu.

Egress queue

Block output queues. Each port receives frames from the L2 switch through 4 queues (No. 3-0). The highest priority has a queue No. 3. The frames are organized into queues according to their priorities QPri.

The Method to empty queues is selected by the parameter Scheduling Mode. The emptying rate is governed by the Rate limit parameter.

A Frame sent from the port to the network can be identified by priority FPri, although it is also possible to change its tag: see menu VLAN - Egress mode.

Racom RAY2 24 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

RAy2 Microwave Link

Table of Contents

Important Notice

Quick guide

List of documentation

1. RAy2 – Microwave Link

2. Implementation Notes

2.1. Link calculation

2.1.1. Free space loss calculation

2.1.2. Link budget calculation

2.1.3. Fade margin

2.1.4. Rain attenuation

2.1.5. Multipath fading

2.1.6. Fresnel zones calculation

2.2. Example of microwave link design

3. Product

3.1. Mounting

3.2. Connectors

3.3. Power supply

3.4. Status LEDs

3.5. Technical parameters

3.6. Dimensions

3.7. Ordering codes

4. Accessories

4.1. Overview

4.2. Details

5. Step-by-step Guide

5.1. Service access

5.1.1. Menu Link settings - General

5.1.2. Menu Link - Service access - Services

5.1.3. Menu Link - Service access - Users

5.1.4. Menu Maintenance - Feature keys

5.2. Basic link configuration

5.3. Link test

6. Installation

6.1. Line of sight test

6.2. Antenna mounting

6.2.1. Mounting methods

6.2.2. Mounting the FOD unit on the antenna

6.2.3. Lubrication and preservation of the antenna pivot

6.2.4. Flexible waveguide

6.3. Connectors assembly

6.4. Grounding

6.5. Start up

6.5.1. Noise on the site

6.5.2. Directing antennas

6.5.3. Link test

6.5.4. Parameters setup

7. Configuration

7.1. Introduction

7.2. Status bar

7.3. Status

7.3.1. Status - General

7.3.2. Status - Radio

7.3.3. Status - Switch interface

7.3.4. Status - Service access

7.3.5. Status - Radio link statistics

7.4. Link settings

7.4.1. General

7.4.2. Radio

7.4.3. Service access

Services

USB accessories

Users

7.4.4. Alarms

Alarms Config

Alarms Status

Alarms Acknowledge

7.5. Switch settings

7.5.1. Status

Port status

RMON counters

Queue allocation

Register dump

RSTP

7.5.2. Interface