1.5 CE Compliance.....................................................................................................................................6
3.1.1 Headers and Screw Terminals..................................................................................................... 19
3.2 Digital I/O...........................................................................................................................................20
3.2.1 Digital Inputs...............................................................................................................................20
3.2.2 Digital Outputs............................................................................................................................21
3.3 Serial Communication ........................................................................................................................23
3.9 Other Hardware............................................... ....................................................................................33
B.1 Power Supplies.............................................................................. ....................................................73
B.1.1 Power for Analog Circuits.........................................................................................................73
B.2 Batteries and External Battery Connections......................................................................................74
B.2.1 Replacing the Backup Battery ....................................... ............................................................ 75
The BL2100 is a high-performance, C-programmable singleboard computer that offers built-in digital and analog I/O combined with Ethernet connectivity in a compact form factor. A
Rabbit
fast data processing. An optional plastic enclosure and
LCD/keypad module are available, and may be wall-mounted.
1.1 BL2100 Description
The BL2100 is an advanced single-board computer that incorporates the powerful Rabbit
2000 microprocessor, flash memory, static RAM, digital I/O ports, A/D converter inputs,
D/A converter outputs, RS-232/RS-485 serial ports, and a 10Base-T Ethernet port.
1.2 BL2100 Features
• Rabbit® 2000 microprocessor operating at 22.1 MHz.
®
2000 microprocessor operating at 22.1 MHz provides
• 128K static RAM and 256K flash memory standard, may be increased to 512K SRAM
and 512K flash memory.
• 40 digital I/O: 24 protected digital inputs and 16 high-current digital outputs provide
sinking and sourcing outputs.
• 15 analog channels: eleven 12-bit A/D converter inputs, four 12-bit D/A converter 0–10 V
outputs (selected models).
• One RJ-45 Ethernet port compliant with IEEE 802.3 standard for 10Base-T Ethernet
protocol (selec t e d models).
• Two Ethernet status LEDs (selected models).
• Four serial ports (2 RS-232 or 1 RS-232 with RTS/CTS, 1 RS-485, and 1 CMOS-com-
Additional 512K flash/512K SRAM memory options are available for custom orders
involving nominal lead times. Contact your Rabbit sales representative or authorized
distributor for more information.
Appendix A provides detailed specifications.
1.2.1 Connector Options
In addition to the standard screw-terminal connectors supplied on BL2100 boards, IDC
headers, bottom-mount sockets, and polarized friction-lock terminals may be factoryinstalled instead. Visit our Web site at www.rabbit.com or contact your Rabbit sales
representative or authorized distributor for further information.
Standard screw terminals, accept
2
up to 14 AWG (1.5 mm
IDC headers, 0.1" pitch
2Smartcat (BL2100)
) wire
Bottom-mount socket, 0.1" pitch
Polarized friction-lock terminals,
0.1" pitch
1.3 Optional Add-Ons
• Plastic enclosure (can be wall-mounted or
panel-mounted) with LCD/keypad module that
comprises a 122 × 32 LCD graphic display, 7key keypad, and seven LEDs. The plastic
enclosure consists of a base and a cover for an
assembly made up of the BL2100 with the
LCD/keypad module plugged in.
• Plastic enclosure base.
• LCD/keypad module.
One enclosure base is included with the Tool Kit.
Further details on these add-ons are provided in
Appendix C and in Appendix D.
Visit our Web site for up-to-date information about additional add-ons and features as
they become available. The Web site also has the latest revision of this user’s manual.
User’s Manual3
1.4 Development and Evaluation Tools
1.4.1 Tool Kit
A T ool Kit contains the hardware essentials you will need to use your own BL2100 singleboard computer. The items in the Tool Kit and their use are as follows.
• BL2100 Getting Started instructions.
• Dynamic C CD-ROM, with complete product documentation on disk.
• Programming cable, used to connect your PC serial port to the BL2100.
• Universal AC adapter, 12 V DC, 1 A (includes Canada/Japan/U.S., Australia/N.Z., U.K.,
and European style plugs).
• Demonstration Board with pushbutton switches and LEDs. The Demonstration Board
can be hooked up to the BL2100 to demonstrate the I/O.
• Wire assembly to connect Demonstration Board to BL2100.
• Plastic enclosure base with mounting screws.
• Screwdriver.
• Rabbit 2000 Processor Easy Reference poster.
• Registration card.
Figure 1. BL2100 Tool Kit
4Smartcat (BL2100)
1.4.2 Software
The BL2100 is programmed using version 7.06 or later of Rabbit’s Dynamic C. A compatible
version is included on the Tool Kit CD-ROM
. Dynamic C v . 9.60 includes the popular µC/OSII real-time operating system, point-to-point protocol (PPP), FAT file system, RabbitWeb,
and other select libraries that were previously sold as individual Dynamic C modules.
Rabbit also offers for purchase the Rabbit Embedded Security Pack featuring the Secure
Sockets Layer (SSL) and a specific Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) library. In addition to the Web-based technical support included at no extra charge, a one-year telephonebased technical support subscription is also available for purchase. Visit our Web site at
www.rabbit.com for further information and complete documentation, or contact your
Rabbit sales representative or authorized distributor.
1.4.3 Online Documentation
The online documentation is installed along with Dynamic C, and an icon for the documentation menu is placed on the workstation’ s desktop. Double-click this icon to reach the
menu. If the icon is missing, use your browser to find and load default.htm in the docs
folder, found in the Dynamic C installation folder.
The latest versions of all documents are always available for free, unregistered download
from our Web sites as well.
User’s Manual5
1.5 CE Compliance
Equipment is generally divided into two classes.
CLASS ACLASS B
Digital equipment meant for light industrial useDigital equipment meant for home use
Less restrictive emissions requirement:
less than 40 dB µV/m at 10 m
(40 dB relative to 1 µV/m) or 300 µV/m
More restrictive emissions requirement:
30 dB µV/m at 10 m or 100 µV/m
These limits apply over the range of 30–230 MHz. The limits are 7 dB higher for frequencies
above 230 MHz. Although the test range goes to 1 GHz, the emissions from Rabbit-based
systems at frequencies above 300 MHz are generally well below background noise levels.
The BL2100 single-board computer has been tested and was found to
be in conformity with the following applicable immunity and emission
standards. The BL2110, BL2120, and BL2130 single-board computers
are also CE qualified as they are sub-versions of the BL2100 singleboard computer. Boards that are CE-compliant have the CE mark.
Immunity
The BL2100 series of single-board computers meets the following EN55024/1998 immunity standards.
• EN61000-4-3 (Radiated Immunity)
• EN61000-4-4 (EFT)
• EN61000-4-6 (Conducted Immunity)
Additional shielding or filtering may be required for a heavy industrial environment.
Emissions
The BL2100 series of single-board computers meets the following emission standards with
the Rabbit 2000 spectrum spreader turned on and set to the normal mode. The spectrum
spreader is only available with Rev. C or higher of the Rabbit 2000 microprocessor. This
microprocessor is used in all BL2100 series boards that carry the CE mark.
• EN55022:1998 Class A
• FCC Part 15 Class A
NOTE: The BL2100 satisfied the Class A limits but not the Class B limits. Such equip-
ment need not be restricted in its sale, but the following warning must be included in
the instructions for its use.
Warning
This is a Class A product. In a domestic environment this product may cause radio
interference, in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures.
Additional shielding or filtering may be needed to meet Class B emissions standards.
6Smartcat (BL2100)
1.5.1 Design Guidelines
Note the following requirements for incorporating a BL2100 series single-board computer
into your application to comply with CE requirements.
General
• The power supply provided with the T ool Kit is for development purposes only. It is the
customer’s responsibility to provide a CE-compliant power supply for the end-product
application.
• When connecting the BL2100 single-board computer to outdoor cables, the customer is
responsible for providing CE-approved surge/lighting protection.
• Rabbit recommends placing digital I/O or analog cables that are 3 m or longer in a
metal conduit to assist in maintaining CE compliance and to conform to good cable
design practices.
• When installing or servicing the BL2100, it is the responsibility of the end-user to use
proper ESD precautions to prevent ESD damage to the BL2100.
Safety
• All inputs and outputs to and from the BL2100 single-board computer must not be con-
nected to voltages exceeding SELV levels (42.4 V AC peak, or 60 V DC).
• The lithium backup battery circuit on the BL2100 single-board computer has been
designed to protect the battery from hazardous conditions such as reverse charging and
excessive current flows. Do not disable the safety features of the design.
1.5.2 Interfacing the BL2100 to Other Devices
There are two versions of the LCD/keypad module that may be used with the BL2100: a
plug-in version (Part No. 101-0465), and a remote panel-mounted version with bezel (Part
No. 101-0502). The BL2100 with the LCD/keypad module plugged in may be regarded as
a “maintenance unit” that conforms to the same CE standards as does the BL2100 alone,
where the entire assembly is mounted inside an enclosure, and the enclosure is only
opened to “tune up” the system. In addition, the cable for a panel-mounted LCD/keypad
module should be less than 30 cm (12") to maintain CE compliance. Appendix C provides
complete information for mounting and using the LCD/keypad module.
Since the BL2100 single-board computers are designed to be connected to other devices,
good EMC practices should be followed to ensure compliance. CE compliance is ultimately the responsibility of the integrator. Additional information, tips, and technical
assistance are available from your authorized Rabbit distributor, and are also available on
our Web site at www.rabbit.com.
Chapter 2 explains how to connect the programming cable and
power supply to the BL2100.
2.1 BL2100 Connections
1. Remove the RabbitCore module from the BL2100 main board, and set the module
aside. The module is removed to allow access to the mounting holes on the main
BL2100 board, and will be plugged back in to the main board later.
NOTE: If you are working with more than one BL2100 at a time, take care to keep the
BL2100 main boards and their corresponding RabbitCore modules paired since the RabbitCore modules store calibration constants specific to the BL2100 main board to which they
are plugged in.
User’s Manual9
Figure 2. Remove RabbitCore Module
from BL2100 Main Board
2. Attach the BL2100 main board to the plastic enclosure base.
Position the BL2100 main board over the plastic enclosure base as shown below in
Figure 3. Attach the BL2100 to the base using the four 4-40 × ¼ screws supplied with the
enclosure base.
Figure 3. Attach BL2100 Main Board to Plastic Enclosure Base
The plastic enclosure base facilitates handling the BL2100 during development, and provides an attractive mounting alternative. Alternatively, you may wish to use standoffs to
protect the components on the other side of the board. The plastic enclosure base is offered
as a separate option when individual BL2100 boards are purchased.
NOTE: Appendix D, “Plastic Enclosure,” provides additional information and specifications
for the plastic enclosure.
10Smartcat (BL2100)
3. Reconnect the RabbitCore module to headers J16 and J17 on the BL2100 main board it
was removed from earlier as shown in Figure 4. Be careful to align the pins over the
headers, and do not bend them as you press down to mate the module with the BL2100
main board.
NOTE: If you are working with more than one BL2100 at a time, take care to keep the
BL2100 main boards and their corresponding RabbitCore modules paired since the RabbitCore modules store calibration constants specific to the BL2100 main board to which they
are plugged in.
User’s Manual11
Figure 4. Reconnect RabbitCore Module
to BL2100 Main Board
4. Connect the programming cable to download programs from your PC and to program
Connect the 10-pin PROG connector of the programming cable to header J1 on the BL2100
RabbitCore module. Ensure that the colored edge lines up with pin 1 as shown. (Do not use
DIAG connector, which is used for a nonprogramming serial connection.) Connect the
the
other end of the programming cable to a COM port on your PC. Make a note of the port to
which you connect the cable, as Dynamic C will need to have this parameter configured.
Note that COM1 on the PC is the default COM port used by Dynamic C.
Figure 5. Programming Cable Connections
NOTE: Never disconnect the programming cable by pulling on the ribbon cable. Carefully
pull on the connector to remove it from the header.
NOTE: Some PCs now come equipped only with a USB port. It may be possible to use an
12Smartcat (BL2100)
RS-232/USB converter with the programming cable supplied with the Tool Kit. An RS232/USB converter (part number 20-151-0178) is available through the Web store. Note that
not all RS-232/USB converters work with Dynamic C.
5. Connect the power supply.
First, prepare the AC adapter for the country where it will be used by selecting the plug.
The BL2100 Tool Kit presently includes Canada/Japan/U.S., Australia/N.Z., U.K., and
European style plugs. Snap in the top of the plug assembly into the slot at the top of the
AC adapter as shown in Figure 5, then press down on the spring-loaded clip below the
plug assembly to allow the plug assembly to click into place.
Connect the bare ends of the power supply to the +RAW and GND positions on screwterminal header J5 (IDC header J4) as shown in Figure 6.
Figure 6. Power Supply Connections
6. Apply power.
Plug in the AC adapter. If you are using your own power supply, it must provide 9 to
36 V DC (13 to 36 V DC if you intend to use the full range of the D/A converter
outputs)—voltages outside this range could damage the BL2100.
CAUTION: Unplug the power supply while you make or otherwise work with the connections
to the headers. This will protect your BL2100 from inadvertent shorts or power spikes.
NOTE: A hardware RESET is done by unplugging the AC adapter, then plugging it back in.
User’s Manual13
2.2 Installing Dynamic C
If you have not yet installed Dynamic C version 7.06 (or a later version), do so now by
inserting the Dynamic C CD in your PC’ s CD-ROM drive. The CD will auto-install unless
you have disabled auto-install on your PC.
If the CD does not auto-install, click Start > Run from the Windows Start button and
browse for the Dynamic C setup.exe file on your CD drive. Click OK to begin the
installation once you have selected the setup.exe file.
The installation program will guide you through the installation process. Most steps of the
process are self-explanatory.
Dynamic C uses a COM (serial) port to communicate with the target development system.
The installation allows you to choose the COM port that will be used. The default selection is COM1. You may select any available port for Dynamic C’s use. If you are not certain which port is available, select COM1. This selection can be changed later within
Dynamic C.
Once your installation is complete, you will have up to three icons on your PC desktop.
One icon is for Dynamic C, one opens the documentation menu, and the third is for the
Rabbit Field Utility, a tool used to download precompiled software to a target system.
If you have purchased the optional Dynamic C Rabbit Embedded Security Pack, install it
after installing Dynamic C. You must install the Rabbit Embedded Security Pack in the
same directory where Dynamic C was installed.
The Dynamic C User’s Manual provides detailed instructions for the installation of
Dynamic C and any future upgrades.
NOTE: If you have an earlier version of Dynamic C already installed, the default installation
of the later version will be in a different folder, and a separate icon will appear on your desktop.
14Smartcat (BL2100)
2.3 Starting Dynamic C
Once the BL2100 is connected to your PC and to a power source, start Dynamic C by double-
clicking on the Dynamic C
icon on your desktopor in your Start menu.
If you are using a USB port to connect your computer to the BL2100, choose Options >
Project Options
and select “Use USB to Serial Converter” under the Communications
tab. Click OK.
2.4 Run a Sample Program
Use the File menu to open the sample program PONG.C, which is in the Dynamic C
SAMPLES folder. Press function key F9 to compile and run the program. The STDIO
window will open on your PC and will display a small square bouncing around in a box.
This program shows that the CPU is working. The sample program described in
Section 5.2.3, “Run the PINGME.C Demo,” tests the TCP/IP portion of the board.
2.4.1 Troubleshooting
If Dynamic C cannot find the target system (error message "No Rabbit Processor
Detected."
• Check that the BL2100 is powered correctly — the AC adapter should be plugged in to the
+RAW and GND positions on screw-terminal header J5 (IDC header J4).
):
• Check both ends of the programming cable to ensure that they are firmly plugged into
the PC and the PROG connector, not the DIAG connector, is plugged in to the programming port on the RabbitCore module with the marked (colored) edge of the programming cable towards pin 1 of the programming header.
• Ensure that the RabbitCore module is firmly and correctly installed in its connectors on
the BL2100 main board.
• Dynamic C uses the COM port specified during installation. Select a different COM
port within Dynamic C. From the
Communications. Select another COM port from the list, then click OK. Press
<Ctrl-Y> to force Dynamic C to recompile the BIOS. If Dynamic C still reports it is
Options menu, select Project Options, then select
unable to locate the target system, repeat the above steps until you locate the COM port
used by the programming cable.
If Dynamic C appears to compile the BIOS successfully, but you then receive a communication error message when you compile and load a sample program, it is possible that your
PC cannot handle the higher program-loading baud rate. Try changing the maximum
download rate to a slower baud rate as follows.
• Locate the
Serial Options dialog in the Dynamic C Options > Communications
menu. Select a slower Max download baud rate.
User’s Manual15
If a program compiles and loads, but then loses target communication before you can
begin debugging, it is possible that your PC cannot handle the default debugging baud
rate. Try lowering the debugging baud rate as follows.
• Locate the Serial Options dialog in the Dynamic C Options > Communications
menu. Choose a lower debug baud rate.
2.5 Where Do I Go From Here?
If the sample program ran fine, you are now ready to go on to other sample programs and to
develop your own applications. The source code for the sample programs
you to modify them for your own use. The BL2100 User’s Manual also provides complete
hardware reference information and describes the software function calls for the BL2100 and
the optional LCD/keypad module.
For advanced development topics, refer to the Dynamic C User’s Manual and the Dynamic C TCP/IP User’s Manual, also in the online documentation set.
2.5.1 Technical Support
NOTE: If you purchased your BL2100 through a distributor or Rabbit partner, contact the
distributor or partner first for technical support.
If there are any problems at this point:
is provided to allow
• Use the Dynamic C Help menu to get further assistance with Dynamic C.
• Check the Rabbit Technical Bulletin Board and forums at www.rabbit.com/support/bb/
and at www.rabbit.com/forums/.
• Use the Technical Support e-mail form at www.rabbit.com/support/.
If the sample program ran fine, you are now ready to go on to explore other BL2100 features and develop your own applications.
Chapter 3, “Subsystems,” provides a description of the BL2100’s features, Chapter 4,
“Software,” describes the Dynamic C software libraries and introduces some sample programs, and Chapter 5, “Using the TCP/IP Features,” explains the TCP/IP features.
16Smartcat (BL2100)
3. SUBSYSTEMS
Ethernet
SRAM
Flash
11 MHz
osc
32 kHz
osc
RabbitCore Module
Decoder
Control
Interface
to
LCD/Keypad
Module
RABBIT
2000
RS-232
RS-485
Data
Register
Data
Register
A/D
Converter
D/A
Converter
Digital
Input
Digital
Output
Chapter 3 describes the principal subsystems for the BL2100.
•Digital I/O
•Serial Communication
•A/D Converter Inputs
•D/A Converter Outputs
•Analog Reference Voltage Circuit
•Memory
•External Interrupts
Figure 7 shows these Rabbit-based subsystems designed into the BL2100.
Standard BL2100 models are equipped with two 1 × 12 screw-terminal strips (J8 and J14),
and two 1 × 14 screw-terminal strips (J5 and J11). The BL2100 and BL2110 also have the
RJ-45 Ethernet jack and one 1 × 16 screw-terminal strip (J2).
There is provision on the circuit board to accommodate one of the following types of
connectors instead of the screw-terminal strips.
• 2 × 17, 2 × 20, and 2 × 25 IDC headers with a pitch of 0.1".
• 1 × 17, 1 × 20, and 1 × 25 friction-lock connectors with a pitch of 0.1". The holes used
by the friction-lock connectors are on the “outside” edges of the connector locations.
• 1 × 17, 1 × 20, and 1 × 25 bottom-mount sockets with a pitch of 0.1". The holes for the
bottom-mount sockets are on the “outside” edges of the connector locations
The pinouts for these connectors are shown in Figure 8(b).
User’s Manual19
NOTE: Header J1 and the associated analog I/O are not available on the BL2110 and the
The BL2100 has 24 digital inputs, IN00–IN23, each of which is protected over a range of
–36 V to +36 V. The inputs are factory-configured to be pulled up to +5 V, but they can
also be pulled up to +K2 or down to 0 V in banks of eight by changing a surface-mounted
0 resistor as shown in Figure 9.
Figure 9. BL2100 Digital Inputs [Pulled Up—Factory Default]
NOTE: If the inputs are pulled up to +K2, the voltage range over which the digital inputs
are protected changes to K2 – 36 V to +36 V.
The actual switching threshold is approximately 2.40 V. Anything below this value is a
logic 0, and anything above is a logic 1.
The digital inputs are each fully protected over a
range of -36 V to +36 V, and can handle short
spikes of ±40 V.
Figure 10. BL2100 Digital Input
20Smartcat (BL2100)
Protected Range
3.2.2 Digital Outputs
K1 or K2
D-REF
DCNTL_[015]
K1 or K2
D-REF
DCNTL_[015]
SINKING OUTPUT
SOURCING OUTPUT
The BL2100 has 16 digital outputs, OUT00–OUT15, which can each sink or source up to
200 mA. Figure 11 shows a wiring diagram for using the digital outputs in a sinking or a
souring configuration.
All the digital outputs sink and source actively. They can be used as high-side drivers,
low-side drivers, or as an H-bridge driver. When the BL2100 is first powered up or reset,
all the outputs are disabled, that is, at a high-impedance status, until the digoutConfig
software function call is made. The digoutConfig call sets the initial state of each digital output according to the configuration specified by the user, and enables the digital outputs to their initial status.
OUT00–OUT07 are powered by to +K1, and OUT08–OUT15 are powered by +K2.
K1 and K2 can each be up to 36 V. They don't have to be same.
All the sinking current, which could be up to 3.2 A, is returned through the GND pins. Be
sure to use a suitably sized GND and keep the distance to the power supply as short as
possible. Since there are two GND terminals (header J5/J4, and header J11/J10), it is
Figure 11. BL2100 Digital Outputs
User’s Manual21
highly recommend that you split the GND returns according to the two banks of digital
+K
+K
LOAD
A
A
B
B
outputs.
For the H bridge, which is shown in Figure 12,
K1 and K2 should be the same if two digital outputs used for the H bridge are on different banks.
Figure 12. H Bridge
22Smartcat (BL2100)
3.3 Serial Communication
The BL2100 has two RS-232 serial ports, which can be configured as one RS-232 serial
channel (with R TS/CTS) or as two RS-232 (3-wire) channels using the serMode software
function call. Table 2 summarizes the options.
The BL2100 also has one RS-485 serial channel and one CMOS serial channel that serves
as the programming port.
All four serial ports operate in an asynchronous mode. An asynchronous port can handle 7
or 8 data bits. A 9th bit address scheme, where an additional bit is sent to mark the first
byte of a message, is also supported. Serial Port A, the programming port, can be operated
alternately in the clocked serial mode. In this mode, a clock line synchronously clocks the
data in or out. Either of the two communicating devices can supply the clock. The BL2100
boards typically use all four ports in the asynchronous serial mode. Serial Ports B and C
are used for RS-232 communication, and Serial Port D is used for RS-485 communication. The BL2100 uses an 11.0592 MHz crystal, which is doubled to 22.1 184 MHz. At this
frequency, the BL2100 supports standard asynchronous baud rates up to a maximum of
230,400 bps.
3.3.1 RS-232
The BL2100 RS-232 serial communication is supported by an RS-232 transceiver. This
transceiver provides the voltage output, slew rate, and input voltage immunity required to
meet the RS-232 serial communication protocol. Basically, the chip translates the Rabbit
2000’ s CMOS/TTL signals to RS-232 signal levels. Note that the polarity is reversed in an
RS-232 circuit so that a +5 V output becomes approximately -10 V and 0 V is output as
+10 V. The RS-232 transceiver also provides the proper line loading for reliable communication.
RS-232 can be used effectively at the BL2100’s maximum baud rate for distances of up to
15 m.
3.3.2 RS-485
The BL2100 has one RS-485 serial channel, which is connected to the Rabbit 2000 Serial
Port D through an RS-485 transceiver. The half-duplex communication uses the Rabbit
2000’s PB6 pin to control the transmit enable on the communication line.
User’s Manual23
The BL2100 can be used in an RS-485 multidrop network. Connect the 485+ to 485+ and