Rabbit 2000 Getting Started Manual

Rabbit 2000™

Microprocessor Development Kit

Getting St a rted Manual

019–0068 • 030131–E

Rabbit 2000 Development Kit

Rabbit Semiconductor

2932 Spafford Street

Davis, California 95616-6800

USA

Tel e phone: [phone]

Fax: [phone]

www .rabbi tsemicond ucto r.com

Rabbit 2000 Development Kit Getting Started Manual

Part Number 019-0068 • 030131–E • Printed in U.S. A.

©2000–2003 Z-World Inc. • All rights reserved.

Z-World reserves the right to make changes and

improvements to its products without providin g noti ce.

Trademarks

Rabbit 2000 is a trademark of Rabbit Semiconductor.
Dynamic C is a registered trademark of Z-Wo rld Inc.

Getting Started Manual

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1. Introduction 1

1.1 Development Kit Contents....................................................................................................................1

1.2 Development Software .........................................................................................................................2

1.3 How to Use This Manual......................................................................................................................2

1.3.1 Additional Product Information....................................................................................................2

1.3.2 Additional Reference Information................................................................................................2

1.3.3 Using Online Documentation........................................................................................................3

1.4 CE Compliance.....................................................................................................................................4

1.4.1 Spectrum Spreader........................................................................................................................5

1.4.2 Design Guidelines.........................................................................................................................5

1.4.3 Interfacing the Jackrabbit to Other Devices..................................................................................6

Chapter 2. Detailed Installation Instructions 7

2.1 Software Installation.............................................................................................................................7

2.2 Prototyping Board.................................................................................................................................8

2.2.1 Prototyping Board Features ..........................................................................................................9

2.3 Development Hardware Connections.................................................................................................10

2.3.1 Attach Jackrabbit to Prototyping Board......................................................................................11

2.3.2 Connect Programming Cable......................................................................................................12

2.3.3 Connect Power............................................................................................................................13

2.4 Starting Dynamic C ............................................................................................................................14

2.4.1 Communication Error Messages.................................................................................................14

2.5 Where Do I Go From Here? ...............................................................................................................15

2.5.1 Technical Support.......................................................................................................................15

Chapter 3. Sample Programs 17

3.1 Running Sample Program DEMOJR1.C............................................................................................18

3.2 Single-Stepping...................................................................................................................................19

3.2.1 Watch Expression .......................................................................................................................19

3.2.2 Break Point..................................................................................................................................19

3.2.3 Editing the Program....................................................................................................................20

3.2.4 Watching Variables Dynamically...............................................................................................20

3.2.5 Summary of Features..................................................................................................................20

3.3 Cooperative Multitasking ...................................................................................................................21

3.4 Advantages of Cooperative Multitasking...........................................................................................23

3.5 RS-485 Serial Communication Sample Program ...............................................................................24

Chapter 4. Software Reference 25

4.1 An Overview of Dynamic C...............................................................................................................25

4.2 Hardware Requirements .....................................................................................................................26

4.3 Running Dynamic C...........................................................................................................................27

4.3.1 Upgrading Dynamic C................................................................................................................28

4.4 Switching Between Program Mode and Run Mode ...........................................................................29

4.4.1 Detailed Instructions: Changing from Program Mode to Run Mode..........................................29

4.4.2 Detailed Instructions: Changing from Run Mode to Program Mode..........................................29

4.5 Jackrabbit Function APIs....................................................................................................................30

4.5.1 I/O Drivers ..................................................................................................................................30

4.5.2 Serial Communication Drivers....................................................................................................34

Rabbit 2000 Development Kit

Appendix A. Reference Information 35

A.1 Electrical and Mechanical Specifications..........................................................................................36

A.2 Jackrabbit Pinout...............................................................................................................................37

A.3 Jumper Configurations......................................................................................................................38

A.4 Use of Rabbit 2000 Parallel Ports.....................................................................................................40

Notice to Users 41

Index 43

Schematics 45

Getting Started Manual 1

1. INTRODUCTION

The Rabbit 2000™ is a new and powerful microprocessor. Both
hardware and software design are easy with the Rabbit.

This Developmen t K it has th e e ss entia l s that yo u n e ed t o d e sig n
your own a microprocessor-based system, and includ es a com­plete software development s ystem (Dynamic C). This kit con­tains a powerful single-board computer (the Jackrabbit board).
With this kit you will be able to write and test complex software.
You will be ab le to prototype circuits that interface to a Rabbit
2000 microprocessor.

1.1 Development Kit Contents

The Rabbit 2000 Development Kit contains the following items:

• BL1810 single-board computer.

• Prototyping Board.

• AC adapter, 12 V DC, 500 mA. (Included only with Development Kits sold for the

North American market. A header plug leading to bare leads is provided to allow over­seas users to connect their own power supply with a DC output of 7.5–25 V.)

NOTE: The linear voltage regulator becomes rather hot for voltages above 15 V.

• 10-pin header to DE9 programming cable with integrated level-matching circuitry.

• Dynamic C SE CD-ROM, with complete product documentation on disk.

• This Getting Started manual.

• A bag of accessory parts for use on the Prototyping Board.

• Screwdriver.

• Rabbit 2000 Processor Easy Reference poster.

• Registration card.

2 Rabbit 2000 Development Kit

1.2 Development Software

The BL1810 Jackrabbit board in the Development Kit uses the Dynamic C development
environment for rapid creation and debugging of runtime applications. Dynamic C pro­vides a complete development environment with integrated editor, compiler and source­level debugger. It interfaces directly with the target system, eliminating the need for com­plex and unreliable in-circuit emulators.

Dynamic C must be installed on a Windows workstation with at least one free serial USB
or COM port for communication with the target system. See Chapter 2., “Detailed Instal­lation Instructions,” for complete information on installing Dynamic C.

1.3 How to Use This Manual

This Getting Started manual is intended to give users a quick but solid start with the
Rabbit 2000 microprocessor. It does not contain detailed information on the hardware
capabilities or the Dynamic C development environment. Most users will want more
detailed information on some or all of these topics in order to put the Rabbit 2000
microprocessor to effective use.

1.3.1 Additional Product Information

Detailed information about the BL1810 Jackrabbit board will be found in the Jackrabbit
(BL1800) User’s Manual, provided on the accompanying CD-ROM in both HTML and

Adobe PDF format.

TIP: We recommend that anyone not thoroughly familiar with Z-World embedded con-

trol systems at least read through the rest of this manual to gain the necessary familiar­ity to make use of the more advanced information.

1.3.2 Additional Reference Information

In addition to the product-specific information contained in the Jackrabbit (BL1800)
User’s Manual, several higher level reference manuals are provided in HTML and PDF

form on the accompanying CD-ROM. Advanced users will find these references valuable
in developing systems based on the RCM3200 module:

• Dynamic C Premier User’s Manual

• Dynamic C Premier Function Reference Manual

• Rabbit 2000 Microprocessor User’s Manual

Getting Started Manual 3

1.3.3 Using Online Documentation

We provide the bulk of our user and reference documentation in two electronic formats,
HTML and Adobe PDF. We do this for several reasons.

We believe that providing all users with our complete library of product and reference
manuals is a useful convenience. However, printed manuals are expensive to print, stock
and ship. Rather than include and charge for manuals that every user may not want, or pro­vide only product-specific manuals, we choose to provide our complete documentation
and reference library in electronic form with every development kit and with our Dynamic
C development environment.

NOTE: The most current version of Adobe Acrobat Reader can always be downloaded

from Adobe’s web site at http://www.adobe.com.
We recommend that you use version 4.0 or later.

Providing this documentation in electronic form saves an enormous amount of paper by
not printing copies of manuals that users don’t need.

Finding Online Documents

The online documentation is installed along with Dynamic C, and an icon for the docu­mentation menu is placed on the workstation’s desktop. Double-click this icon to reach the
menu. If the icon is missing, create a new desktop icon that points to

default.htm in the

docs folder, found in the Dynamic C installation folder.

The latest versions of all documents are always available for free, unregistered download
from our web sites as well.

Printing Electronic Manuals

W e recognize that many users prefer printed manuals for some uses. Users can easily print
all or parts of those manuals provided in electronic form. The following guidelines may be
helpful:

• Print from the Adobe PDF versions of the files, not the HTML versions.

• If your printer supports duplex printing, print pages double-sided.

• If you do not have a suitable printer or do not want to print the manual yourself, most

retail copy shops (e.g. Kinkos, AlphaGraphics, etc.) will print the manual from the PDF
file and bind it for a reasonable charge—about what we would have to charge for a
printed and bound manual.

4 Rabbit 2000 Development Kit

1.4 CE Compliance

Equipment is generally divided into two classes.

These limits apply over the range of 30–230 MHz. The limits are 7 dB higher for frequen­cies above 230 MHz. Although the test range goes to 1 GHz, the emissions from Rabbit­based systems at frequencies above 300 MHz are generally well below background noise
levels.

The Jackrabbit BL1800 single-board computer has been tested and was
found to be in conformity with the following applicable immunity and
emission standards. The BL1810 and BL1820 single-board computers
are also CE qualified as they are sub-versions of the BL1800 single­board computer. Boards that are CE-compliant have the CE mark.

NOTE: Earlier versions of the BL1800 sold before 2002 that do not have the CE mark

are not CE-complaint.

Immunity

The Jackrabbit series of single-board computers meets the following EN55024/1998
immunity standards.

• EN61000-4-3 (Radiated Immunity)

• EN61000-4-4 (EFT)

• EN61000-4-6 (Conducted Immunity)

Additional shielding or filtering may be required for a heavy industrial environment.

Emissions

The Jackrabbit series of single-board computers meets the following emission standards
with the Rabbit 2000 spectrum spreader turned on and set to the normal mode. The spec­trum spreader is only availab le with R ev. C or higher of the Rabbit 2000 microprocessor.
This microprocessor is used in all Jackrabbit series boards that carry the CE mark.

• EN55022:1998 Class B

• FCC Part 15 Class B

In order for the Jackrabbit boards to meet these EN55022:1998 Class B standards, you
must add ferrite absorbers to the serial I/O cables used for RS-232 and RS-485 serial com­munication. Depending on your application, you may need to add ferrite absorbers to the

CLASS A CLASS B

Digital equipment meant for light industrial use Digital equipment meant for home use
Less restrictive emissions requirement:

less than 40 dB µV/m at 10 m
(40 dB relative to 1 µV/m) or 300 µV/m

More restrictive emissions requirement:
30 dB µV/m at 10 m or 100 µV/m

Getting Started Manual 5

digital I/O cables. Your results may vary, depending on your application, so additional
shielding or filtering may be needed to maintain the Class B emission qualification.

NOTE: If no ferrite absorbers are fitted, the Jackrabbit boards will still meet

EN55022:1998 Class A requirements as long as the spectrum spreader is turned on.

The spectrum spreader is on by default for the Jackrabbit model BL1810 included with the
Rabbit 2000 Development Kit.

1.4.1 Spectrum Spreader

Jackrabbit boards that carry the CE mark have a Rabbit 2000 microprocessor that features
a spectrum spreader, which helps to mitigate EMI problems. By default, the spectrum
spreader is on automatically for Jackrabbit BL1810 boards that carry the CE mark when
used with Dynamic C 7.32 or later versions so as to maintain CE compliance, but the spec­trum spreader may also be turned off or set to a stronger setting. The means for doing so i s
through a simple change to the following BIOS line.

#define ENABLE_SPREADER 1 // Set to 0 to disable spectrum spreader
// 1 to enable normal spreading, or
// 2 to enable strong spreading.

NOTE: The strong spectrum-spreading setting is not needed for any Jackrabbit board.

There is no spectrum spreader functionality for Jackra bbit boards tha t do no t carry the CE
mark or when using any Jackrabbit with a version of Dynamic C prior to 7.30.

1.4.2 Design Guidelines

Note the following requirements for incorporating the Jackrabbit series of single-board
computers into your application to comply with CE requirements.

General

• The power supply provided with the Development Kit is for development purposes
only . It i s the customer’s responsibility to provide a CE-compliant power supply for the
end-product application.

• When connecting the Jackrabbit single-board computer to outdoor cables, the customer
is responsible for providing CE-approved surge/lightning protection.

• Rabbit Semiconductor recommends placing digital I/O or analog cables that are 3 m or
longer in a metal conduit to assist in maintaining CE compliance and to conform to
good cable design practices. Rabbit Semiconductor also recommends using properly
shielded I/O cables in noisy electromagnetic environments.

• When installing or servicing the Jackrabbit, it is the responsibility of the end-user to use
proper ESD precautions to prevent ESD damage to the Jackrabbit.

6 Rabbit 2000 Development Kit

Safety

• For personal safety, all inputs and outputs to and from the Jackrabbit series of single­board computers must not be connected to voltages exceeding SEL V levels (42.4 V AC
peak, or 60 V DC). Damage to the Rabbit 2000 microprocessor may result if voltages
outside the design range of 0 V to 5.5 V DC are applied directly to any of its digital
inputs.

• The lithium backup battery circuit on the Jackrabbit single-board computer has been
designed to protect the battery from hazardous conditions such as reverse charging and
excessive current flows. Do not disable the safety features of the design.

1.4.3 Interfacing the Jackrabbit to Other Devices

Since the Jackrabbit series of single-board computers is designed to be connected to other
devices, good EMC practices should be followed to ensure compliance. CE compliance is
ultimately the responsibility of the integrator. Additional information, tips, and technical
assistance are available from your authorized Rabbit Semiconductor distributor, and are
also available on the Z-World Web site at www.zworld.com.

Getting Started Manual 7

2. DETAILED INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS

Chapter 2 contains detailed instructions for installing the soft­ware on your PC and for connecting the Jackrabbit board to your
PC in order to run sample programs.

2.1 Software Installation

You will need approximately 200 megabytes of free space on your hard disk for a com­plete installation. The software can be installed on your C drive or any other convenient
drive.

Insert the Dynamic C CD-ROM in the drive on your PC. If autorun is enabled, the CD
installation will begin automatically.

If autorun is disabled or the installation otherwise does not start, use the Windows

Start | Run menu or Windows Disk Explorer to launch SETUP.EXE from the root folder

of the CD-ROM.
The installation program will guide you through the installation process.

8 Rabbit 2000 Development Kit

2.2 Prototyping Board

The Prototyping Board included in the Development Kit makes it easy to connect a Jack­rabbit board to a power supply and a PC workstation for development. It also provides
some basic I/O peripherals (switches and LEDs), as well as a prototyping area for more
advanced hardware development.

For the most basic level of evaluation and development, the Prototyping Board can be
used without modification.

As you progress to more sophisticated experimentation and hardware development, modi­fications and additions can be made to the board without modifying or damaging the Jack­rabbit board itself.

The Prototyping Board is shown below in Figure 1, with its main features identified.

Figure 1. Prototyping Board

J6

J1

J7

J2

J5

J3

JP1

JP2

1

2

3

R3

R1

LS1

S2 S1

DS1DS2DS3

RT1

S4 S3

DS9

DS4

DS5DS6DS7DS8

RN1

S5

PC2

PC0

TXB

RXB

VCC

GND

RXC

TXC

PC1

PC3

TXC

RXC

RXB

TXB

GND

JACKRABBIT PROTOTYPING BOARD

GND

PA6

PA4

PA2

PA0

PA7

PA5

PA3

PA1

6

9

5

J4

VCC

1

GND

PE2

PE4

PE6

PE0

HV0

HV2

K

GND

PB5

PB4

PB3

PB2

PA7

PA6

PA5

PA4

PA3

PA2

PA1

PA0

GND

WDO

PB6

PB4

PB2

PB0

GND

VCC

+RAW

HV3

HV1

GND

PE1

PE3

PE5

PE7

PCLK

PB7

PB5

PB3

PB1

GND

BZR

VCC

K

AD0

PE4

POT

HV0

+RAW

DS5

DS4

DS3

DS2

DS1

DS6

DS7

DS8

S1S2S3

S4

GND

COIL(+)

COIL(-)

PD0

GND

AD0

N.C.

COM

N.O.

/RST

GND

IOBEN

SM0

VCC

485

GND

PD6

PD4

PD2

PD0

DA0

AD0

PC6

PC4 PC5

PC7

AGND

DA1

PD1

PD3

PD5

PD7

GND

485+

VCC

SM1

STAT

VBAT

RESET

PWR

GND

Z-World, Inc.

+

Power

LED

Reset

Switch

User

LEDs

Jackrabbit

Connectors

RS-232

Signal

Header

User

Switches

Buzzer

Prototyping

Area

Extension

Headers

Getting Started Manual 9

2.2.1 Prototyping Board Features

• Power LED—The power LED lights whenever power is connected to the Prototyping
Board.

•

Reset Switch—A momentary-contact, normally open switch is connected directly to the

Jackrabbit’s /RESET_IN pin. Pressing the switch forces a hardware reset of the system.

• I/O Switches and LEDs—Four momentary-contact, normally open switches are con-
nected to the PB2–PB5 pins of the Rabbit 2000 microprocessor on the Jackrabbit, and
may be read as inputs by sample applications.

Four LEDs are connected to the PA1–PA4 pins of the of the Rabbit 2000 microproces­sor on the Jackrabbit, and may be driven as output indicators by sample applications.

• Prototyping Area—A generous prototyping area has been provided for the installation
of through-hole components. Several areas for surface-mount devices are also avail­able. (Note that there are SMT device pads on both top and bottom of the Prototyping
Board.)

•

Extension Headers—The complete pin sets of the Jackrabbit are duplicated at these

two sets of headers. Developers can solder wires directly into the appropriate holes, or,
for more flexible development, 40-pin header strips can be soldered into place. See
Figure A-1 for the header pinouts.

• RS-232—T wo 3-wire or one 5-wire RS-232 serial port are available on the Prototyping
Board. Refer to the Prototyping Board schematic (090-0088) for additional details.

A 10-pin 0.1-inch spacing header strip is installed at J1 to permit connection of a ribbon
cable leading to a standard DE-9 serial connector.

10 Rabbit 2000 Development Kit

2.3 Development Hardware Connections

There are four steps to connecting the Prototyping Board for use with Dynamic C and the
sample programs:

1. Attach the Jackrabbit to the Prototyping Board.

2. Connect the programming cable between the Jackrabbit and the workstation PC.

3. Connect the power supply to the Jackrabbit.

Getting Started Manual 11

2.3.1 Attach Jackrabbit to Protot yping Board

To attach the Jackrabbit board to the Prototyping Board, turn the Jackrabbit board over so
that the battery is facing up. Plug headers J4 and J5 into the sockets at J2 and J6 on the
Prototyping Board as indicated in Figure 2.

Figure 2. Attach Jackrabbit Board to Prototyping Board

NOTE: It is important that you line up the pins on headers J4 and J5 of the Jackrabbit

board exactly with the corresponding pins of headers J2 and J6 on the Prototyping
Board. The header pin s may bec ome bent or d amaged i f the pin al ignment is of fset , and
the Jackrabbit might not work. Permanent electrical damage to the may also result if a
misaligned Jackrabbit is powered up.

Press the Jackrabbit’s pins firmly into the Prototyping Board headers.

+

S5

RESET

DS1

DS6

DS7

DS8

PWR

R3

Buzzer

DS2

DS3DS4

DS5

S1S2S3S4

JACKRABBIT PROTOTYPING BOARD

VCC

RXB

TXB

PC0

PC2

PC4

PC6

AD0

DA0

PD0

PD2

PD4

PD6

GND

485

VCC

SM0

IOBEN

GND

/RST

GND

RXC

TXC

PC1

PC3

PC5

PC7

AGND

DA1

PD1

PD3

PD5

PD7

GND

485+

VCC

SM1

STAT

VBAT

GND

Z-World, Inc.

GND

PA0

PA2

PA4

PA6

GND

PB0

PB2

PB4

PB6

WDO

GND

PE6

PE4

PE2

PE0

HV0

HV2

K

GND

VCC

PA1

PA3

PA5

PA7

GND

PB1

PB3

PB5

PB7

PCLK

PE7

PE5

PE3

PE1

GND

HV1

HV3

+RAW

VCC

DS1

DS2

DS3

DS4

DS5

DS6

DS7

DS8

S1S2S3

S4

GND

PA0

PA1

PA2

PA3

PA4

PA5

PA6

PA7

PB2

PB3

PB4

PB5

GND

Battery

Jackrabbit

Board

Prototyping

Board

J5

J2

J6

JACKRABBIT

GND

PA0

PA2

PA4

PA6

GND

PB0

PB2

PB4

PB6

WDO

GND

PE6

PE4

PE2

PE0

HV0

HV2KGND

VCC

PA1

PA3

PA5

PA7

GND

PB1

PB3

PB5

PB7

PCLK

PE7

PE5

PE3

PE1

GND

HV1

HV3

+RAW

VCC

GND

RXC

TXC

PC1

PC3

PC5

PC7

AGND

DA1

PD1

PD3

PD5

PD7

GND

485+

VCC

SM1

STAT

VBAT

GND

VCC

RXB

TXB

PC0

PC2

PC4

PC6

AD0

DA0

PD0

PD2

PD4

PD6

GND

485

VCC

SM0

IOBEN

GND

/RST

J4

J2

J6

12 Rabbit 2000 Development Kit

2.3.2 Connect Programming Cable

The programming cable connects the Jackrabbit to the PC running Dynamic C to down­load programs and to monitor the Jackrabbit during debugging.

Connect the 10-pin connector of the programming cable labeled

PROG to header J3 on

the Jackrabbit board as shown in Figure 3. Be sure to orient the marked (usually red) edge
of the cable towards pin 1 of the connector. (Do not use the DIAG connector, which is used
for a normal serial connection.)

NOTE: Use only the programming cable that has a red shrink wrap around the RS-232

level converter (Z-World part number 101-0513), which is supplied with the Develop­ment Kit. Other Z-World programming cables might not be voltage-compatible or their
connector sizes may be different.

Figure 3. Power and Programming Cable Connections

to Jackrabbit Board

Connect the other end of the programming cable to a COM port on your PC.

NOTE: Some PCs now come equipped only with a USB port. It may be possible to use an

RS-232/USB converter with the programming cable supplied with the Jackrabbit Devel­opment Kit. Contact Technical Support (see Section 2.5.1) for further assistance.

PROTOTYPING BOARD

JACKRABBIT BOARD

JP1

U4

VIN GNDGND

RESET

JACKRABBIT

Z-World, Inc.

GND

PA0
PA2
PA4
PA6

GND

PB0
PB2
PB4
PB6

WDO

GND

PE6
PE4
PE2

PE0
HV0
HV2

K

GND

VCC
PA1
PA3
PA5
PA7
GND
PB1
PB3
PB5
PB7
PCLK
PE7
PE5
PE3
PE1
GND
HV1
HV3
+RAW
VCC

GND
RXC
TXC
PC1
PC3
PC5
PC7
AGND
DA1
PD1
PD3
PD5
PD7
GND
485+
VCC
SM1
STAT
VBAT
GND

VCC
RXB
TXB
PC0
PC2
PC4
PC6
AD0
DA0
PD0
PD2
PD4
PD6
GND
485
VCC
SM0

IOBEN

GND
/RST

J5

U6

U5

U3

J4

U1

J1

J2

J3

Y3

Rabbit 2000

SRAM

RS-232

RS-485

Colored side

lines up with

pin 1

To

PC COM port

PROG

DIAG

Programming
connector

Diagnostic
connector

Getting Started Manual 13

2.3.3 Connect Power

When all other connections have been made, you can connect power to the Jackrabbit.
Hook up the connector from the wall transformer to header J1 on the Jackrabbit board as

shown in Figure 3. The orientation of this connector is not important since the VIN (posi­tive) voltage is the middle pin, and GND is available on both ends of the three-pin header J1.

Plug in the wall transformer . The Jackrabbit board and the Prototyping B oard are ready to
be used.

NOTE: A RESET button is provided on the Prototyping Board (see Figure 2) to allow

hardware reset without disconnecting power.

To power down the Jackrabbit, unplug the power connector from J1. You should discon­nect power before making any circuit adjustments in the prototyping area, changing any
connections to the board, or removing the Jackrabbit from the Prototyping Board.

2.3.3.1 Overseas Development Kits

Development kits sold outside North America include a header connector that may be
connected to 3-pin header J1 on the Jackrabbit. The connector may be attached either way
as long as it is not offset to one side. The red and black wires from the connector can then
be connected to the positive and negative connections on your power supply. The power
supply should deliver 7.5 V–25 V DC at 500 mA.

14 Rabbit 2000 Development Kit

2.4 St arting Dynamic C

Once the Jackrabbit board is connected as described in Section 2.3, star t Dy namic C by dou-

ble-clicking on the Dynamic C icon or by double-clicking on dcrabXXXX.exe in the Dynamic
C root directory, where XXXX are version-specific characters

.

Dynamic C defaults to using the serial port on your PC that you specified during installa­tion. If the port setting is correct, Dynamic C should detect the Jackrabbit and go through
a sequence of steps to cold-boot the Jackrabbit and to compile the BIOS. (Some versions
of Dynamic C will not do the initial BIOS compile and load until the first time you com­pile a program.)

If you receive the message beginning

"Bios compiled successfully" you are ready

to continue with the sample programs.

2.4.1 Communication Error Messages

If you receive the message "No Rabbit Processor Detected," the programming
cable may be connected to the wrong COM port, a connection may be faulty , or the target
system may not be powered up. First, check both ends of the programming cable to ensure
that it is firmly plugged into the PC and the programming port.

If there are no faults with the hardware, select a different COM port within Dynamic C.
From the

Options menu, select Communications. Select another COM port from the list,

then click OK. Press <Ctrl-Y> to force Dynamic C to recompile the BIOS. If Dynamic C
still reports it is unable to locate the target system, repeat the above steps until you locate the
active COM port. You should receive a "Bios compiled successfully" message
once this step is completed successfully.

If Dynamic C appears to compile the BIOS successfully, but you then receive a communi­cation error message when you compile and load a sample program, it is possible that your
PC cannot handle the higher program-loading baud rate. Try changing the maximum
download rate to a slower baud rate as follows.

• Locate the

Serial Options dialog in the Dynamic C Options > Communications

menu. Select a slower Max download baud rate.

If a program compiles and loads, but then loses target communication before you can
begin debugging, it is possible that your PC cannot handle the default debugging baud
rate. Try lowering the debugging baud rate as follows.

• Locate the Serial Options dialog in the Dynamic C Options > Communications
menu. Choose a lower debug baud rate.

Getting Started Manual 15

2.5 Where Do I Go From Here?

We recommend that you run the PONG.C sample program to verify that the Jackrabbit and
the Prototyping Board are set up and functioning correctly.

Find the file

PONG.C, which is in the Dynamic C SAMPLES folder. To run the program,

open it with the

File menu (if it is not still open), compile it using the Compile menu, and

then run it by selecting Run in the Run menu. The STDIO window will open and will dis­play a small square bouncing around in a box.

This program shows that the CPU is working. If the CPU appears to be working, we rec­ommend the following sequence of action:

1. Run all of the sample programs described in Chapter 3 to get a basic familiarity with
Dynamic C and the Jackrabbit’s capabilities.

2. For further development, refer to the Jackrabbit (BL1800) User’s Manual for details
of the board’s hardware components.

A documentation icon should have been installed on your workstation’s desktop; click
on it to reach the documentation menu. You can create a new desktop icon that points to

default.htm in the docs folder in the Dynamic C installation folder.

3. For advanced development topics, refer to the Dynamic C Premier User’s Manual,
also in the online documentation set.

2.5.1 Technical Support

NOTE: If you purchased your Jackrabbit through a distributor or through a Rabbit

Semiconductor partner, contact the distributor or partner first for technical support.

If there are any problems at this point:

• Check the Z-W orld Technical Bulletin Board at www.zworld.com/support/bb/

.

• Use the T echnical Su pport e-mail form at www.rabbitsemiconductor .com/support_ center/.

16 Rabbit 2000 Development Kit

Getting Started Manual 17

3. SAMPLE PROGRAMS

A series of sample programs is provided in the Dynamic C SAMPLES/JACKRAB folder.
You can load a sample program by using the File > Open menu in Dynamic C. The sam­ple programs are listed in Table 1.

The first five sample programs provide a step-by-step introduction to the Jackrabbit board.
Additional sample programs illustrate more advanced topics.

Each sample program has comments that describe to the purpose and function of the pro­gram.

Table 1. Jackrabbit Sample Programs

DEMOJR1.C
DEMOJR2.C
DEMOJR3.C
DEMOJR6.C

JRIOTEST.C

JR_FLOWCONTROL.C

JR_PARITY.C

JRIO_COF.C
LCD_DEMO.C

RABDB01.C
RABDB02.C

18 Rabbit 2000 Development Kit

3.1 Running Sample Program DEMOJR1.C

This sample program can be used to illustrate some of the functions of Dynamic C.
First, open the file

DEMOJR1.C, which is in the Samples/JackRab folder. The program

will appear in a window, as shown in Figure 4 below (minus some comments). Use the
mouse to place the cursor on the fun ction name WrPortI in the pr ogram an d ty pe <Ctrl-H>.
This will bring up a documentation box for the function WrPortI. In general, you can do
this with all functions in Dynamic C libraries, including libraries you write you rself. Close
the documentation box and continue.

Figure 4. Sample Program DEMOJR1.C

T o run the program DEMOJR1.C, load it with the File menu, compile it using the Compile
menu, and then run it by selecting Run in the Run menu. The LED on the Development
Board should start flashing if everything went well. If this doesn’t work review the follow­ing points.

• The target should be ready , which is indicated by the message “BIOS successfully com-
piled...” If you did not receive this message or you get a communication error, recom­pile the BIOS by typing <Ctrl-Y> or select Recompile BIOS from the Compile menu.

main(){

WrPortI(SPCR,NULL,0x84);

WrPortI(PADR,&PADRShadow,0xff);

while(1) {

BitWrPortI(PADR,&PADRShadow,1,2);
for(j=0; j<25000; j++);
BitWrPortI(PADR,&PADRShadow,0,2);
for(j=0; j<1000; j++);

} // end while(1)

} // end of main

C programs begin with main

write to SPCR register to
initialize parallel port A

to turn off all LEDs

Start a loop

Set bit 2 to a “1”
LED DS3 off.

Time delay by counting
to 25,000.

Set bit 2 to a “0”
turning LED DS3 on

Count to 1000 for a shorter
time delay

End of the endless loop

Note: See Rabbit 2000 Microprocessor User’s Manual
(Software Chapter) for details on the routines that read and
write I/O ports.

NULL is a macro for a zero pointer

Write all 1’s to port A

Getting Started Manual 19

• A message reports that “No Rabbit processor detected” in cases where the Jackrabbit
and Prototyping Board are not connected together, the wall transformer is not con­nected, or is not plugged in. (The red power LED lights whenever power is connected.)

• The programming cable must be connected to the Jackrabbit board. (The colored wire
on the programming cable is closest to pin 1 on header J3 on the Jackrabbit board, as
shown in Figure 3.) The other end of the programming cable must be connected to the
PC serial port. The COM port specified in the Dynamic C

Options menu must be the

same as the one the programming cable is connected to.

• To check if you have the correct serial port, select

Compile, then Compile BIOS, or

type

<Ctrl-Y>. If the “BIOS successfully compiled …” message does not display, try a

different serial port using the Dynamic C Options menu until you find the one you are
plugged into. Don’t change anything in this menu except the COM number. The baud
rate should be 115,200 bps and the stop bits should be 1.

3.2 Single-Stepping

Compile or re-compile DEMOJR1.C by clicking the Compile button on the task bar. The
program will compile and the screen will come up with a highlighted character (green) at
the first executable statement of the program. Use the F8 key to single-step. Each time the

F8 key is pressed, the cursor will advance one statement. When you get to the for(j=0,
j< ...

statement, it becomes impractical to single-step further because you would have

to press F8 thousands of times. We will use this statement to illustrate watch expressions.

3.2.1 Watch Expression

Type

<Ctrl-W> or chose Add/Del Watch Expression in the Inspect menu. A box will

come up. Type the lower case letter j and click on add to top and close. Now continue
single-stepping with F8. Each time you step, the watch expression (j) will be evaluated
and printed in the watch window. Note how the value of j advances when the statement

j++ is executed.

3.2.2 Break Point

Move the cursor to the start of the statement:

for(j=0; j<1000; j++);

To set a break point on this statement, type F2 or select Breakpoint from the Run menu.
A red highlight will appear on the first character of the statement. To get the program run­ning at full speed, type F9 or select Run on the Run menu. The program will advance
until it hits the break point. Then the break point will s tart fla shing and show both red and
green colors. Note that LED DS3 is now solidly turned on. This is because we have passed
the statement turning on LED DS3. Note that j in the watch window has the value 25000.
This is because the loop above terminated when j reached 25000.

To remove the break point, type F2 or select Toggle Breakpoint on the Run menu. To
continue program execution, type F9 or select Run from the Run menu. Now the LED
should be flashing again since the program is running at full speed.

20 Rabbit 2000 Development Kit

You can set break points while the program is running by positioning the cursor to a state­ment and using the F2 key. If the execution thread hits the break point, a break point will
take place. You can toggle the break point off with the F2 key and continue execution with
the F9 key. Try this a few times to get the feel of things.

3.2.3 Editing the Program

Click on the

Edit box on the task bar. This will set Dynamic C into the edit mode so that

you can change the program. Use the Save as choice on the File menu to save the file
with a new name so as not to change the demo program. Save the file as MYTEST.C. Now
change the number 25000 in the for (.. statement to 10000. Then use the F9 key to
recompile and run the program. The LED will start flashing, but it will flash much faster
than before because you have changed the loop counter terminal value from 25000 to

10000.

3.2.4 Watching Variables Dynamically

Go back to edit mode (select edit) and load the program

DEMOJR2.C using the File menu

Open command. This program is the same as the first program, except that a variable k

has been added along with a statement to increment k each time around the endless loop.
The statement:

runwatch();

has been added. This is a debugging statement that makes it possible to view variables
while the program is running.

Use the F9 key to compile and run DEMOJR2.C. Now type <Ctrl-W> to open the watch
window and add the watch expression k to the top of the list of watch expressions. Now
type

<Ctrl-U>. Each time you type <Ctrl-U>, you will see the current value of k, which is

incrementing about 5 times a second.
As an experiment add another expression to the watch window:

k*5

Then type <Ctrl-U> several times to observe the watch expressions k and k*5.

3.2.5 Summary of Features

So far you have practiced using the following features of Dynamic C.

• Loading, compiling and running a program. When you load a program it appears in an
edit window. You can compile by selecting Compile on the task bar or from the

Compile menu. When you compile the program, it is compiled into machine language

and downloaded to the target over the serial port. The execution proceeds to the first
statement of main where it pauses, waiting for you to command the program to run,
which you can do with the F9 key or by selecting Run on the Run menu. If want to
compile and start the program running with one keystroke, use F9, the run command. If
the program is not already compiled, the run command will compile it first.

Getting Started Manual 21

• Single-stepping. This is done with the F8 key. The F7 key can also be used for single-
stepping. If the

F7 key is used, then descent into subroutines will take place. With the

F8 key the subroutine is executed at full speed when the statement that calls it is

stepped over.

• Setting break points. The

F2 key is used to turn on or turn off (toggle) a break point at

the cursor position if the program has already been compiled. You can set a break point
if the program is paused at a break point. You can also set a break point in a program
that is running at full speed. This will cause the program to break if the execution
thread hits your break point.

• W atch expressions. A watch expression is a C expression that is evaluated on command
in the watch window . An expression is basically any type of C formula that can include
operators, variables and function calls, but not statements that require multiple lines
such as for or switch. You can have a list of watch expressions in the watch window. If
you are single-stepping, then they are all evaluated on each step. You can also com­mand the watch expression to be evaluated by using the

<Ctrl-U> command. When a

watch expression is evaluated at a break point, it is evaluated as if the statement was at
the beginning of the function where you are single-stepping. If your program is running
you can also evaluate watch expressions with a <Ctrl-U> if your program has a run-

watch()

command that is frequently executed. In this case, only expressions involv­ing global variables can be evaluated, and the expression is evaluated as if it were in a
separate function with no local variables.

3.3 Cooperative Multitasking

Cooperative multitasking is a convenient way to perform several different tasks at the
same time. An example would be to step a machine through a sequence of steps and at the
same time independently carry on a dialog with the operator via a human interface. Coop­erative multitasking differs from a different approach called preemptive multitasking.
Dynamic C supports both types of multitasking. In cooperative m ultitasking each separate
task voluntarily surrenders its compute time when it does not need to perform any more
activity immediately. In preemptive multitasking control is forcibly removed from the task
via an interrupt.

Dynamic C has language extensions to support multitasking. The major C constructs are
called costatements, cofunctions, and slicing. These are described more completely in the
Dynamic C Premier User’s Manual. The example below, sample program DEMOJR3.C,
uses costatements. A costatement is a way to perform a sequence of operations that
involve pauses or waits for some external event to take place. A complete description of
costatements is in the Dynamic C Premier User’s Manual. The DEMOJR3.C sample pro-
gram has two independent tasks. The first task flashes LED DS4 once a second. The sec­ond task uses button S1 on the Prototyping Board to toggle the logical value of a virtual
switch, vswitch, and flash DS1 each time the button is pressed. This task also debounces
button S1.

22 Rabbit 2000 Development Kit

The numbers in the left margin are reference indicators and are not a part of the code.
Load and run the program. Note that LED DS4 flashes once per second. Push button S1
several times and note how LED DS1 is toggled.

The flashing of LED DS4 is performed by the costatement starting at the line marked (2).
Costatements need to be executed regularly, often at least every 25 ms. To accomplish
this, the costate ment s are e ncl osed in a while loop. The term while loop is used as a handy
way to describe a style of real-time programming in which most operations are done in
one loop. The while loop starts at (1) and ends at (7). The function BigLoopTop() is

int vswitch; // state of virtual switch controlled by button
S1
main(){ // begin main program

// set up parallel port A as output

WrPortI(SPCR,NULL,0x84);
WrPortI(PADR,&PADRShadow,0xff); // turn off all LEDs
vswitch=0; // initialize virtual switch off

(1) while (1) { // Endless loop

BigLoopTop(); // Begin a big endless loop

// first task flash LED DS4 every second for 200 milliseconds

(2) costate { // begin a costatement

BitWrPortI(PADR,&PADRShadow,0,3); // LED DS4 on

(3) waitfor(DelayMs(200)); // light on for 200 ms

BitWrPortI(PADR,&PADRShadow,1,3); // LED DS4 off
waitfor(DelayMs(800)); // light off for 800 ms

(4) } // end of costatement

// second task - debounce switch #1 and toggle virtual switch vswitch

// check button 1 and toggle vswitch on or off

costate {

(5) if(BitRdPortI(PBDR,2)) abort; // if button not down skip out

waitfor(DelayMs(50)); // wait 50 ms
if(BitRdPortI(PBDR,2)) abort; // if button not still down skip

out

vswitch=!vswitch; // toggle virtual switch- button was down 50

ms

while (1) { // wait for button to be off 200 ms

waitfor(BitRdPortI(PBDR,2)); // wait for button to go up
waitfor(DelayMs(200)); // wait for 200 milliseconds
if(BitRdPortI(PBDR,2)) break;// if button up break

} // end of while(1)

} // end of costatement

// make LED agree with vswitch if vswitch has changed

(6) if( (PADRShadow & 1) == vswitch) {

BitWrPortI(PADR,&PADRShadow,!vswitch,0);

)
(7) } // end of while loop, go back to start
} // end of main, never come here

Getting Started Manual 23

used to collect some operations that are helpful to do once on every pass through the loop.
Place the cursor on this function name BigLoopTop() and hit <Ctrl-H> to learn more.

The statement at (3) waits for a time delay, in this case 200 ms. The costatement is being
executed on each pass through the big loop. When a

waitfor condition is encountered

the first time, the current value of MS_TIMER is saved and then on each subsequent pass
the saved value is compared to the current value. If a waitfor condition is not encoun­tered, then a jump is made to the end of the costatement (4), and on the next pass of the
loop, when the execution thread reaches the beginning of the costatement, execution
passes directly to the waitfor statement. Once 200 ms has passed, the statement after the
waitfor is executed. The costatement has the property that it can wait for long periods of
time, but not use a lot of exe cution tim e. Ea ch cos tat eme nt i s a litt le progra m with i ts own
statement pointer that advances in response to conditions. On each pass through the big
loop, as little as one statement in the costatement is executed, starting at the current posi­tion of the costatement’s statement pointer. Consult the Dynamic C Premier User’s Man-
ual for more details.

The second costatement in the program debounces the switch and maintains the variable

vswitch. Debouncing is performed by making sure that the switch is either on or of f for a

long enough period of time to ensure that high-frequency electrical hash generated when
the switch contacts open or close does not affect the state of the switch. The

abort state-

ment is illustrated at (5). If executed, the internal statement pointer is set back to the first
statement within the costatement, and a jump to the closing brace of the costatement is
made.

At (6) a use for a shadow register is illustrated. A shadow register is used to keep track of
the contents of an I/O port that is write only - it can’t be read back. If every time a write is
made to the port the same bits are set in the shadow register, then the shadow register has
the same data as the port register. In this case a test is made to see the state of the LED and
make it agree with the state of vswitch. This test is not strictly necessary, the output regis­ter could be set every time to agree with

vswitch, but it is placed here to illustrate the

concept of a shadow register.
To illustrate the use of snooping, use the watch window to observe vswitch while the

program is running. Add the variable vswitch to the list of watch expressions. Then tog­gle vswitch and the LED. Then type <Ctrl-U> to observe vswitch again.

3.4 Advantages of Cooperative Multitasking

Cooperative multitasking, as implemented with language extensions, has the advantage of
being intuitive. Unlike preemptive multitasking, variables can be shared between different
tasks without having to take elaborate precautions. Sharing variables between tasks is the
greatest cause of bugs in programs that use preemptive multitasking. It might seem that
the biggest problem would be response time because of the big loop time becoming long
as the program grows. Our solution for that is a device caused slicing that is further
described in the Dynamic C Premier User’s Manual.

24 Rabbit 2000 Development Kit

3.5 RS-485 Serial Communication Sample Program

The following sample program illustrates the use of the RS-485 serial drivers. The sample
program shows a byte being trasmitted, and then the RS-485 transceiver waits for a reply.

NOTE: If your version of Dynamic C is earlier than 6.55, see Technical Note 117, Jack-

rabbit (BL1800 Series) RS-485 Bulletin, for information on restrictions on using both

DA1 and RS-485 at the same time.

#define DINBUFSIZE 15
#define DOUTBUFSIZE 15

void main( void ){
int nEcho,nReply;
char cChar;
Jr485Init ();// Init RS485 Control (PD5)
serDopen ( 9600 );// Open Serial Port D
for (;;) {// Forever
for (cChar=’a’;cChar<=’z’;++cChar){
// Send Alphabet
Jr485Tx ();// Enable RS485 Transmitter
serDputc ( cChar );// Send Byte
while ((nEcho = serDgetc ()) == -1);
// Wait for Echo
Jr485Rx ();// Disable RS485 Transmitter
while ((nReply = serDgetc ()) == -1);
// Wait for Reply
printf ( "%02x -> %02x\n",nEcho,nReply );
}
}
}

Getting Started Manual 25

4. SOFTWARE REFERENCE

To develop and debug programs for the Jackrabbit (and for all
other Z-World and Rabbit Semiconductor hardware), you mus t
install and use Dynamic C. This chapter takes you through the
installation of Dynamic C, and th en provides a tour of its maj or
features with respect to the Jackrabbit.

4.1 An Overview of Dynamic C

Dynamic C integrates the following development functions into one program:

• Editing

• Compiling

• Linking

• Loading

• In-Circuit Debugging

In fact, compiling, linking and loading are one function. Dynamic C does not use an In­Circuit Emulator; programs being developed are downloaded to and executed from the
“target” system via an enhanced serial-port connection. Program development and debug­ging take place seamlessly across this connection, greatly speeding system development.

Other features of Dynamic C include:

• Dynamic C has an easy-to-use built-in text editor. Programs can be executed and
debugged interactively at the source-code or machine-code level. Pull-down menus and
keyboard shortcuts for most commands make Dynamic C easy to use.

• Dynamic C also supports assembly language programming. It is not necessary to leave
C or the development system to write assembly language code. C and assembly lan­guage may be mixed together.

• Debugging under Dynamic C includes the ability to use printf commands, watch
expressions, breakpoints and other advanced debugging features. Watch expressions
can be used to compute C expressions involving the target’s program variables or
functions. Watch expressions can be evaluated while stopped at a breakpoint, single­stepping, or while the target is running its program.

26 Rabbit 2000 Development Kit

• Dynamic C provides extensions to the C language (such as shared and protected vari­ables, costatements and cofunctions) that support real-world embedded system devel­opment. Dynamic C supports cooperative and preemptive multi-tasking.

• Dynamic C comes with many function libraries, all in source code. These libraries sup­port real-time programming, machine level I/O, and provide standard string and math
functions.

• Dynamic C compiles directly to memory. Functions and libraries are compiled and
linked and downloaded on-the-fly. On a fast PC, Dynamic C can load 30,000 bytes of
code in 5 seconds at a baud rate of 115,200 bps.

4.2 Hardware Requirements

T o install and run Dynamic C, your system must be running one of the following operating
systems:

• Windows 95

• Windows 98

• Windows NT

• Windows Me

• Windows 2000

• Windows XP

The PC on which you install Dynamic C for development of Jackrabbit-based systems
should have the following hardware:

• A Pentium or later microprocessor

• 32 MB of RAM

• At least one free COM (serial) port for communication with the target systems

• A CD-ROM drive (for software installation)

Getting Started Manual 27

4.3 Running Dynamic C

You have a choice of doing your software development in the flash memory or in the static
RAM included on the Jackrabbit. The advantage of working in RAM is to save wear on
the flash memory, which is limited to about 100,000 write cycles.

NOTE: An application can be developed in RAM, but cannot run sta nda lon e fr om RAM

after the programming ca ble is disconn ected. St andalone ap plications can on ly run from
flash memory.

The disadvantage of using flash memory for debug is that interrupts must be disabled for
approximately 5 ms whenever a break point is set in the program. This can crash fast inter­rupt routines that are running while you stop at a break point or single-step the program.
Flash memory or RAM is selected on the Options > Compiler menu.

Dynamic C provides a number of debugging features. You can single-step your program,
either in C, statement by statement, or in assembly language, instruction by instruction.
You can set break points, where the program will stop, on any statement. You can evaluate
watch expressions. A watch expression is any C expression that can be evaluated in the
context of the program. If the program is at a break point, a watch expression

can view any

expression using local or external variables.

28 Rabbit 2000 Development Kit

4.3.1 Upgrading Dynamic C

4.3.1.1 Patches and Bug Fixes

Dynamic C patches that focus on bug fixes are available from time to time. Check the Web
site

• www.zworld.com/support/

for the latest patches, workarounds, and bug fixes.
The default installation of a patch or bug fix is to install the file in a directory (folder) dif-

ferent from that of the original Dynamic C installation. Z-World recommends using a dif­ferent directory so that you can verify the operation of the patch without overwriting the
existing Dynamic C installation. If you have made any changes to the BIOS or to libraries,
or if you have programs in the old directory (folder), make these same changes to the
BIOS or libraries in the new directory containing the patch. Do not simply copy over an
entire file since you may overwrite a bug fix; of course, you may copy over any programs
you have written. Once you are sure the new patch works entirely to your satisfaction, you
may retire the existing installation, but keep it available to handle legacy applications.

4.3.1.2 Upgrades

Dynamic C SE (Special Edition) versions are designed for use with the board they are
included with, and are included at no charge as part of our low-cost kits. Dynamic C SE is
a complete software development system, but does not include all of Dynamic C Premier’s
features and upgrade path. Dynamic C Premier includes the popular µC/OS-II real-time
operating system, as well as PPP, Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), and other select
libraries. Dynamic C Premier includes a one-year maintenance agreement for telephone
tech support and an upgrade path for all new releases. Serious users and OEMs are encour­aged to buy Dynamic C Premier.

Getting Started Manual 29

4.4 Switching Between Program Mode and Run Mode

The Jackrabbit is automatically in Program Mode when the programming cable is attached,
and is automatically in Run Mode when no programming cable is attached. See Figure 5.

Figure 5. Jackrabbit Program Mode and Run Mode Setup

4.4.1 Detailed Instructions: Changing from Program Mode to Run Mode

1. Disconnect the programming cable from header J3 of the Jackrabbit board.

2. Reset the Jackrabbit board. You may do
this as explained in Figure 5. Figure 6
shows the location of the RESET button
on the Prototyping Board.

The Jackrabbit is now ready to operate in the
Run Mode.

4.4.2 Detailed Instructions: Changing

from Run Mode to Program Mode

1. Attach the programming cable to header
J3 on the Jackrabbit board.

2. Reset the Jackrabbit board. You may do
this as explained in Figure 5. Figure 6
shows the location of the RESET button
on the Prototyping Board.

The Jackrabbit is now ready to operate in the Program Mode.

JP1

Program Mode

JP1

Run Mode

Power

RESET Jackrabbit board when changing mode:

Short out RESET pads below header J5,

OR

Press RESET button (if using Prototyping Board),

OR

Remove, then reapply power

after removing or attaching programming cable.

Reset pads

Reset pads

U4

U4

VINGNDGND

RESET

JACKRABBIT

Z-World, Inc.

GND

PA0
PA2
PA4
PA6

GND

PB0
PB2
PB4

PB6
WDO
GND

PE6

PE4

PE2

PE0

HV0

HV2

K

GND

VCC
PA1
PA3
PA5
PA7
GND
PB1
PB3
PB5
PB7
PCLK
PE7
PE5
PE3
PE1
GND
HV1
HV3
+RAW
VCC

GND
RXC
TXC
PC1
PC3
PC5
PC7
AGND
DA1
PD1
PD3
PD5
PD7
GND
485+
VCC
SM1
STAT
VBAT
GND

VCC
RXB
TXB
PC0
PC2
PC4
PC6
AD0
DA0
PD0
PD2
PD4

PD6
GND
485

VCC

SM0

IOBEN

GND
/RST

J5

U6

U5

U3

J4

U1

J1

J2

J3

Y3

Rabbit 2000

SRAM

RS-232

RS-485

VINGNDGND

RESET

JACKRABBIT

Z-World, Inc.

GND

PA0
PA2
PA4
PA6

GND

PB0
PB2
PB4

PB6
WDO
GND

PE6

PE4

PE2

PE0

HV0

HV2

K

GND

VCC
PA1
PA3
PA5
PA7
GND
PB1
PB3
PB5
PB7
PCLK
PE7
PE5
PE3
PE1
GND
HV1
HV3
+RAW
VCC

GND
RXC
TXC
PC1
PC3
PC5
PC7
AGND
DA1
PD1
PD3
PD5
PD7
GND
485+
VCC
SM1
STAT
VBAT
GND

VCC
RXB
TXB
PC0
PC2
PC4
PC6
AD0
DA0
PD0
PD2
PD4

PD6
GND
485
VCC
SM0

IOBEN

GND
/RST

J5

U6

U5

U3

J4

U1

J1

J2

J3

Y3

Rabbit 2000

SRAM

RS-232

RS-485

Colored side
lines up with

pin 1

To

PC COM port

PROG

DIAG

Programming
connector

Figure 6. Location of Prototyping Board

Reset Butt o n

J6

S4

DS9

DS6DS7DS8

S5

/RST

GND

IOBEN

STAT

VBAT

RESET

PWR

GND

30 Rabbit 2000 Development Kit

4.5 Jackrabbit Function APIs

4.5.1 I/O Drivers

The Jackrabbit board contains four high-power digital output channels, two D/A converter
output channels, and one A/D converter input channel. These I/O channels can be
accessed using the functions found in the

JRIO.LIB library.

4.5.1.1 Initialization

The function jrioInit() must be called before any other function from the JRIO.LIB
library. This function initializes the digital outputs and sets up the driver for the analog
input/outputs. The digital outputs correspond to the Rabbit processor’s port E bits 0–3, and
the analog I/O uses timer B; bits 1, 2, and 4 of port D; and bits 6 and 7 of port E.

The function void jrioInit() initializes the I/O drivers for Jackrabbit. In particular, it
sets up parallel port D bits 1, 2, and 4 for analog output, port E bits 0–3 for digital output,
and starts up the pulse-width modulation routines for the A/D and D/A channels. Note that
these routines can consume up to 20% of the CPU’s processing power; the routines use
timer B and the B1 and B2 match registers.

4.5.1.2 Digital Output

The Jackrabbit board contains four high-power digital output drivers, HV0–HV3, on
header J4. These can be turned on and off with the following functions from the library

JRIO.LIB.

HV0, HV1, and HV2 are open-collector sinking outputs, and are able to sink up to 1 A
(200 mA for the BL1810 and BL1820)

from a 30 V source connected to the K line on
header J4. HV3 is a sourcing output that is able to source up to 500 mA (100 mA for the
BL1810 and BL1820) from a 30 V source connected to the K line.

CAUTION: Remember to cut the trace

between K and Vcc inside the outline
for header JP2 on the top side of the
Prototyping Board if you are supply­ing K from a separate power supply.
An exacto knife, a precision grinder
tool, or a screwdriver may be used to
cut through the traces as shown in
Figure 7.

NOTE: Failure to do this could lead to

the destruction of the Rabbit 2000
microprocessor an d othe r compone nts
once the Jackrabbit is connect ed to the
Prototyping Board.

Figure 7. Cut Trace on Prototyping Board

When Vcc and K Are Different

Cut gray trace
as shown

Cut

Buzzer

Top Side

Prototyping

Board

JP2

1

2

3

R3

R1

LS1

RT1

BZR

VCC

K

AD0

PE4

POT

HV0

+RAW

COIL(-)

PD0

GND

AD0

+

JP2

K

VCC

Getting Started Manual 31

sets the state of a digital output bit.

jrioInit must be called first.
channel is the output channel number (0-3 on the Jackrabbit).
value is the output value (0 or 1).

sets the state of a digital output bit to on (1).

jrioInit must be called first.
channel is the output channel number (0–3 on the Jackrabbit).

sets the state of a digital output bit to off (0).

jrioInit must be called first.
channel is the output channel number (0–3 on the Jackrabbit).

NOTE: See the sample program JRIOTEST.C for an example of using the digital out-

put functions.

4.5.1.3 Analog Output

The two analog output channels on the Jackrabbit (DA0 and DA1 on header J5) are con­trolled by a pulse-width modulation (PWM) driver. This requires the use of some fraction
of the CPU cycles when the driver is running (up to 20% when both D/A channels are
used). A voltage is selected by giving a value from 0 to 1024 to the driver, corresponding
roughly to 0.1 V to 3.5 V on DA0. Because of the PWM interrupt frequency, the PWM
driver can provide a continuous range of voltage output in the range from 0.1 V to 3.0 V
for DA0, and 0.6 V to 3.6 V for DA1. These ranges can be specified with the constants

PWM_MIN, PWM_MAX0, and PWM_MAX1. In other words, setting channel DA0 to the value
PWM_MIN will output 0.1 V, and setting it to PWM_MAX0 will output 3.0 V. Similarly, set-

ting DA1 to PWM_MIN will output 0.6 V, and setting it to PWM_MAX1 will output 3.6 V. Val­ues below PWM_MIN will be rounded down to 0, and values above PWM_MAX0 (PWM_MAX1
for DA1) will be rounded up to 1024.

The output channels can also be set in an “always on” or “always off” mode, which does
not require CPU cycles. The “always on” mode is set by requesting an output value of
1024, and will provide about 3.4 V on channel DA0, and 3.6 V on DA1. The “always of f”
mode is selected by asking for a value of 0, and provides an output of around 0.1 V on
DA0 and 0.0 V on DA1.

See Table 2 for a summary of the possible analog output voltages corresponding to values
given in the anaOut function.

void digOut(int channel, int value);

void digOn(int channel);

void digOff(int channel);

32 Rabbit 2000 Development Kit

The output value is set using the following function.

sets the state of an analog output channel.

jrioInit must be called first.
channel is the output channel number (0 or 1 on the Jackrabbit).
value is an integer from 0–1024 that corresponds to an output voltage as shown in Table 2.

NOTE: See the sample program JRIOTEST.C for examples of using the anaOut func-

tion.

Effect of Interrupts on Analog I/O

The stability of the voltage output (and hence the voltage input determination as well)
depends on the ability of the driver to respond quickly to interrupt requests. Dynamic C
debugging, use of the printf function, or any serial communications can disrupt the
pulse-width modulation utilized by the driver and cause fluctuations in the voltage out­puts. Avoid using serial communications or printf statements during portions of your
program where the voltage must remain steady . Also be aware that debugging and running
Dynamic C in polling mode will cause fluctuations. Finally, be certain to disable the PWM
drivers by setting the output values to 0 or 1024 when you are done using them to free up
the CPU.

Calibration of Values to Voltages

The analog output channels on the Jackrabbit board can be more accurately calibrated for
each individual Jackrabbit board in the following manner (calibration of DA0 is assumed
in this example, calibration of DA1 would proceed similarly):

• Set desired channel output to PWM_MIN.

• Measure voltage V

min

on DA0.

• Set desired channel output to PWM_MAX0.

• Measure voltage V

max

on DA0.

• A linear relation between input value and voltage can now be calculated:

Table 2. Typical Analog Output V oltages Corresponding

to Values in anaOut Function

Channel 0 PWM_MIN PWM_MAX 1024

DA0 0.08 V 0.08 V 2.875 V 3.4 V
DA1 0.004 V 0.63 V 3.6 V 3.6 V

void anaOut(int channel, int value);

Getting Started Manual 33

4.5.1.4 Analog Input

The analog input channel on the Jackrabbit (AD0 on header J5) works by varying analog
output channel DA0 until its voltage matches the input voltage on AD0. DA0 obviously
cannot be used while an input voltage is being measured, although channel DA0 is still
available. The value returned corresponds to the value that DA0 required to match the
input voltage (you would call anaOut(0,value) for DA0 to provide that same voltage).
If the value returned is negative, then the function considers the value suspect for some
reason (most likely a failure of the DA0 voltage to settle quickly). The value can be taken
as is, or another measurement can be done.

Analog input for the Jackrabbit analog input channel (AD0).

jrioInit must be called first.
channel is the input channel number (0 only on the Jackrabbit).

An integer between 0 and 1024 will be returned in value, corresponding to a voltage
obtained if output channel DA0 was set to that value. If a value is found, but the voltage
has not appeared to fully settle, the value will be negative (but equal in magnitude to the
found voltage) to allow remeasurement if desired.

NOTE: See sample program JRIOTEST.C for an exampl e of the use of anaIn.

Two versions of the analog input function are available: the standard function, listed
above, that does not return until the measurement has been made, and a cofunction version
that can be called from within a costatement. This cofunction version allows other tasks to
be performed while the voltage match is being made. The voltage measurement will take
ten calls of the cofunction version to make a measurement.

The parameters are identical to those described above for anaIn.

NOTE: See sample program JRIO_COF.C for an exampl e of the use of cof_anaIn.

void anaIn(int channel, int *value);

void cof_anaIn(int channel, int *value);

m

Vmax Vmin–

PWM_MAX0 PWM_MIN–

---------------------------------------------------------------------

=

bVmax m PWM_MAX0×–=

voltage m value× b+=

34 Rabbit 2000 Development Kit

4.5.2 Serial Communication Drivers

Library files included with Dynamic C provide a full range of serial communications sup­port. The

RS232.LIB library provides a set of circular-buffer-based serial functions. The

PACKET.LIB library provides packet-based serial functions where packets can be delim-

ited by the 9th bit, by transmission gaps, or with user-defined special characters. Both
libraries provide blocking functions, which do not return until they are finished transmit­ting or receiving, and nonblocking functions, which must be called repeatedly until they
are finished. For more information, see the Dynamic C Premier Function Reference
Manual and Technical Note 213, Rabbit 2000 Serial Port Software.

4.5.2.1 RS-485 Serial Communication Drivers

The JR485.LIB library in the Dynamic C LIB/JRABLIB directory contains three
RS-485

drivers for use with the Jackrabbit. These drivers are used with the drivers for Serial

Port D

in the RS232.LIB library because serDopen uses PC0 (TXD) and PC1 (RXD),
which are connected to pin 4 and pin 1 of the SP483EN RS-485 chip at U6. This chip is
half duplex, requiring pin 3 (Data Enable) to be high for pins 6 and 7 to act as outputs, and
low for those pins to act as inputs.

Parallel Ports D and E on the Rabbit 2000 are double-buffered to provide precisely timed
updating of the output pins. Each port is divided into an upper and a lower nibble. All bits
of each nibble must be updated simultaneously. Each nibble may be updated constantly at
a rate of perclk/2 or on a match of a selected timer (Timer A1, B1, or B2).

The bits used to select the update rate for each nibble are left random at power-up. If a mode
other than

perclk/2 is selected, the bits of a particular port will not update on a simple

writing to the port’s data register. In particular , PD5, the RS-485 transmitter control, will not
set the RS-485 transmitter enable unless the upper nibble of Port D is configured properly.

The

JR485Init function in Dynamic C release 6.16 has provision to disable the special

clocking features associated with the high nibble of Port D. This effectively disables
digital-to-analog (D/A) converter output channel DA1, the low-resolution D/A converter
channel, which also uses PD4. Channel DA0 has its PWM output clocked separately with
the low nibble, and so is not affected. Because the analog-to-digital converter uses D/A
channel DA0, analog-to-digital conversion is not affected.

There are three RS-485 serial drivers.

Sets up parallel port D pins for RS-485 use.

Sets pin 3 (DE) of the SP483EN chip high to disable Rx and enable Tx.

Resets pin 3 (DE) of the SP483EN chip low to disable Tx and enable Rx.

void Jr485Init();

void Jr485Tx();

void Jr485Rx();

User’s Manual 35

APPENDIX A. REFERENCE INFORMATION

Appendix A provides the specifications and other useful infor­mation for the Jackrabbit.

36 Rabbit 2000 Development Kit

A.1 Electrical and Mechanical Specifications

Table A-1. Jackrabbit Board Specifications

Parameter BL1810

Microprocessor Rabbit 2000 @ 14.7 MHz

Flash EPROM

128K

(supports 128K–512K)

SRAM

128K

(supports 32K–512K)

Backup Battery

3 V lithium coin type, 950 mA·h,

supports real-time clock and SRAM

Digital Inputs 6, CMOS-level

Digital Outputs

4 CMOS-level plus 4 high-power outputs—3 sink up to
200 mA and 30 V each, 1 sources up to 100 mA

Configurable I/O

14 CMOS-level: 8 are bytewide, 6 are by bit

Analog Inputs

One low-grade A/D input—input range 0.1 V to 2.8 V,

9-bit resolution, 8-bit accuracy, 10 samples/s

Analog Outputs

Two 9-bit filtered and buffered PWM outputs,

one 0.1–2.8 V DC, one 0.7–3.5 V DC, update rate 50 Hz

Serial P orts

Up to four serial ports:

• two RS-232 or one R S-232 (with CTS/RTS) rated at 15 kV

ESD

• one RS-485 rated at 15 kV ESD

• one 5 V CMOS-compatible programming port

Two serial ports (A and B) can be clocked.

Serial Rate

Max. burst rate = CLK/32 (asy nc)

Max. sustained rate = CLK/64
Connectors Two 2 × 20, 2 mm IDC headers
Real-Time Clock Yes

Timers

Five 8-bit timers (four cascadable from the first)

and one 10-bit timer with two match registers
W atchdog/Supervisor Yes
Power 7.5–25 V DC, 100 mA, linear regulator
Operating T emperatu re –40°C to +70°C
Humidity 5% to 95%, noncondensing

Board Size

2.50" × 3.50" × 0.94"

(64 mm × 89 mm × 24 mm)

User’s Manual 37

A.2 Jackrabbit Pinout

Figure A-1. Pinout for Jackrabbit Headers J4 and J5

GND
RXC
TXC
PC1
PC3
PC5
PC7
AGND
DA1
PD1
PD3
PD5
PD7
GND
485+
VCC
SM1
STAT
VBAT
GND

VCC
RXB

TXB
PC0
PC2
PC4
PC6
AD0
DA0
PD0
PD2
PD4

PD6
GND
485

VCC
SM0

IOBEN

GND
/RST

J5

GND

PA0
PA2
PA4
PA6

GND

PB0
PB2
PB4
PB6

WDO

GND

PE6
PE4
PE2

PE0
HV0
HV2

K

GND

VCC
PA1
PA3
PA5
PA7
GND
PB1
PB3
PB5
PB7
PCLK
PE7
PE5
PE3
PE1
GND
HV1
HV3
+RAW
VCC

J4

38 Rabbit 2000 Development Kit

A.3 Jumper Configurations

Figure A-2 shows the header and jumper locations used to configure the various Jackrabbit
options.

Figure A-2. Location of Jackrabbit Configurable Positions

R55
R56

D21

C27

D24

JP2

R16
R17
R18

JP1

Z-World, Inc.

JACKRABBIT

JP3

Top Side

Bottom Side

CAUTION

Battery

User’s Manual 39

Table A-2 lists the configuration options. 0 Ω surface mount resistors are used for all the
header positions.

NOTE: Header JP3 is available only on Jackrabbit boards labeled 175-0255. These

boards were introduced in 2003.

Table A-2. Jackrabbit Jumper Configurations

Header Description Pins Connected

Factory

Default

JP1 SRAM Size

n.c. 32K

1–2128K

×

2–3512K

JP2 Flash Me mory Size

1–2 128K/256K

×

2–3512K

JP3 Flash Memory Bank Select

1–2Normal Mode

×

2–3 Bank Mode

— HV3 Sinking/Sourcing

D21
R55

Sinking

R56 Sourcing

×

—

RS-485 Bias and Termination
Resistors (not isnatlled on
BL1820)

R17 Termination resistor

×

R16
R18

Bias resistors

×

40 Rabbit 2000 Development Kit

A.4 Use of Rabbit 2000 Parallel Ports

Figure A-3 shows the use of the Rabbit 2000 parallel ports. The BL1810 Jackrabbit has 24
general-purpose digital inputs/outputs available on headers J4 and J5—14 are bidirec­tional, six are inputs only, and four are outputs only, as shown in Figure A-3.

Figure A-3. Jackrabbit Subsystems

JACKRABBIT

Port A

Port B

Port D

Port E
Serial
Ports

Programming

Port

PA0PA7

PB0

PB5

PB6
PB7

HV0HV3

2x RS-232,
1x RS-485,

CMOS synch-

ronous serial

PE4PE5

PD0, PD3,

PD6, PD7

DA0

DA1

AD0

PCLK

IOBENB

Watchdog

6 Timers

Backup Battery

Clock Doubler

Slave Port

Real-Time Clock

RAM

Flash

A/D Converter

High-Power Outputs

D/A Converters

Misc. Outputs

User’s Manual 41

NOTICE TO USERS

RABBIT SEMICONDUCTOR PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COM­PONENTS IN LIFE-SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS UNLESS A SPECIFIC WRITTEN AGREE­MENT REGARDING SUCH INTENDED USE IS ENTERED INTO BETWEEN THE CUSTOMER AND
RABBIT SEMICONDUCTOR PRIOR TO USE. Life-support devices or systems are devices or systems
intended for surgical implantation into the body or to sustain life, and whose failure to perform, when prop­erly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling and user’s manual, can be reason-
ably expected to result in significant injury.

No complex software or hardware system is perfect. Bugs are always present in a system of any size. In
order to prevent danger to life or property, it is the responsibility of the system designer to incorporate
redundant protective mechanisms appropriate to the risk involved.

All Rabbit Semiconductor products are 100 percent functionally tested. Additional testing may include
visual quality control inspections or mechanical defects analyzer inspections. Specifications are based on
characterization of tested sample units rather than testing over temperature and voltage of each unit. Rabbit
Semiconductor products may qualify components to operate within a range of parameters that is different
from the manufacturer’s recomme nded ran ge. This strategy is believed to be mo re economical and ef fective.
Additional testing or burn-in of an individual unit is available by special arrangement.

42 Rabbit 2000 Development Kit

Getting Started Manual 43

INDEX

A

additional information

online documentation ..........3

references ............................ 2

C

C language ......................25, 26

CE compliance ........................4

design guidelines .................5

D

Development Kit .....................1

Dynamic C ............2, 25, 26, 27

assembly language ............25

COM port ..........................14

debugger ............................25

debugging ..........................25

debugging features ............ 27

Dynamic C Premier ..........28

editor ................................. 25

features ..............................25

handling communication err or

messages ....................... 14

hardware requirements ...... 26

upgrades and patches ........ 28

watch expressions ............. 25

E

electrical specifications .........36

EMI

spectrum spreader feature ... 5

F

features

Dynamic C ........................25

Prototyping Board ...........8, 9

flash memory

lifetime write cycles ..........27

H

hardware connections ........... 10

power supply .....................13

programming cable ........... 12

hardware reset ....................... 13

J

Jackrabbit

electrical specifications ..... 36

jumper configurations ..... 38, 39

HV3 sinking/sourcing ....... 39

JP1 (SRAM size) ..............39

JP2 (flash mem ory size) .... 39

JP3 (flash memory bank se-

lect) ............................... 39

jumper locations ................38

RS-485 bias and termination

resistors .........................39

P

Program Mode ......................29

programming

flash vs. RAM ...................27

programming cable

Jackrabbit connections ...... 12

setting modes ....................29

Prototyping Board ...................8

expansion area .....................9

features ............................ 8, 9

R

Rabbit 2000 parallel ports ..... 40

reset .......................................13

Run Mode .............................29

S

sample programs ................... 34

break point ........................19

cooperative multitasking ...21

DEMOJR1.C ............... 17, 18

DEMOJR2.C ..................... 17

DEMOJR3.C ..................... 17

DEMOJR6.C .....................17

editing ............................... 20

JR_FLOWCONTROL.C .. 17

JR_PARITY.C .................. 17

JRIO_COF.C ....................17

JRIOTEST.C .....................17

LCD_DEMO.C ................. 17

PONG.C ............................ 15

RABDB01.C ..................... 17

RABDB02.C ..................... 17

RS-485 serial communica-

tion ...............................24

single-stepping .................. 19

watch expression ............... 19

watching variables dy nami cal -

ly ................................... 20

software

analog input ......................33

anaIn .............................. 33

cof_anaIn .......................33

analog output ....................31

anaOut ........................... 32

board initialization ............ 30

jrioInit ...........................30

digital output .....................30

digOff ............................ 31

digOn .............................31

digOut ...........................31

I/O drivers .........................30

libraries

JRIO.LIB .......................30

PACKET.LIB ................34

RS232.LIB .................... 34

serial communication ........ 34

Jr485Init ........................ 34

Jr485Rx ......................... 34

Jr485Tx ......................... 34

specifications ........................ 36

spectrum spreader ...................5

subsystems ............................ 40

T

technical support ............. ......15

44 Rabbit 2000 Development Kit

Getting Started Manual 45

SCHEMATICS

090-0092 Jackrabbit Schematic

www.rabbitsemiconductor.com/documentation/schemat/090-0092.pdf

090-0088 Jackrabbit Prototyping Board Schematic

www.rabbitsemiconductor.com/documentation/schemat/090-0088.pdf

090-0128 Programming Cable Schematic

www.rabbitsemiconductor.com/documentation/schemat/090-0128.pdf

The schematics included with the printed manual were the la test re visi ons availa ble at the
time the manual was last revised. The online versions of the manual contain links to the
latest revised schematic on the Web site. You may also use the URL information provided
above to access the latest schematics directly.