Quantum LTO-5 TAPE DRIVE, LTO-5 User Manual

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6-66786-01 Rev. A

LTO-5 Tape Drive

LTO-5

User’s Guide User’s Guide User’s Guide User’s Guide User’s Guide User’s Guide

LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide, PN 6-66786-01 Rev. A, March 2009. Product of U.S.A.

Quantum Corporation provides this publication “as is” without warranty of any kind, either express or implied, including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. Quantum Corporation may revise this publication from time to time without notice.

Your right to copy this manual is limited by copyright law. Making copies or adaptations without prior written authorization of Quantum Corporation is prohibited by law and constitutes a punishable violation of the law.

TRADEMARK STATEMENT

Quantum and the Quantum logo are registered trademarks of Quantum Corporation.

Other trademarks may be mentioned herein which belong to other companies.

Preface xi

Chapter 1 Introduction 1

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Drive Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Internal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

Tabletop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

Chapter 2 Installation Procedures 5

Before Installing the LTO-5 Tape Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

Handling Precautions and Installation Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . .6

Preinstallation Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

Unpacking and Inspecting the Drive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

Installing the Internal LTO-5 Tape Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

Installing the Internal LTO-5 Half-Height Tape Drive . . . . . . . . .8

Installing the Internal LTO-5 Full-Height Tape Drive . . . . . . . .12

Installing the Tabletop LTO-5 Tape Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

Installing the Tabletop LTO-5 Half-Height Tape Drive . . . . . . .15

Installing the Tabletop LTO-5 Full-Height Tape Drive. . . . . . . . 17

LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide iii

Contents

Installing the LTO Driver Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Chapter 3 Operation 21

Understanding the Front Panel Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Using LTO Tape Cartridges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Loading a Tape Cartridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Unloading a Tape Cartridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Write Protecting a Tape Cartridge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Tape Cartridge Care and Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Data Cartridges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

WORM Data Cartridges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

LTO-5 Tape Drives and Partitioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

LTO-5 Tape Drives and Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

When should I use encryption?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

How do I enable encryption? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

When will I be asked to enter the key? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

What happens if I don't remember the key? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Does encryption affect tape drive performance? . . . . . . . . . . 34

Does the tape drive encrypt media in an earlier Ultrium format? 34

Cleaning the Tape Drive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Performing an Emergency Cartridge Eject . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Chapter 4 Theory 37

Track Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Recording Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Data Buffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Data Integrity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Error-correction Code (ECC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Servo-tracking Faults. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Data Compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Data Compression Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Intelligent Data Compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

iv LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Contents

Chapter 5 Specifications 45

Physical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Power Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Drive Performance Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Environmental Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Injected Noise Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Reliability Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Mean Time Between Failures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Mean Time to Replace. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

LTO Cartridge Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Environmental Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Cartridge Memory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Cartridge Reliability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Chapter 6 Troubleshooting Guide 57

Installation Best Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Following SCSI Best Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Using a Serial-attached SCSI Host Bus Adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

HBA Preinstallation Checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Troubleshooting Suggestions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Understanding LED Sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Encryption LED, LTO-5 Tape Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Problems with cartridges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

The cartridge is jammed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Encryption Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Appendix A Installation Checklists 73

Internal LTO-5 Tape Drive Quick Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Tabletop LTO-5 Tape Drive Quick Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

Appendix B Disposal of Electrical & Electronic Equipment 75

LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide v

Contents

Appendix C Regulatory Compliances 77

Safety Compliances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Compliances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

Index 81

vi LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Figures

Figure 1 Internal LTO-5 Half-Height Tape Drive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Figure 2 Internal LTO-5 Full-Height Tape Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

Figure 3 Acceptable Mounting Orientations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

Figure 4 Internal Tape Drive Mounting Hole Locations . . . . . . . . . . 10

Figure 5 Internal Drive Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

Figure 6 Internal Full-Height Tape Drive Mounting Hole Locations . 13

Figure 7 Internal Full-Height Drive Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Figure 8 Tabletop Half-Height Drive Interface and AC Power

Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

Figure 9 Tabletop Full-Height Drive Interface and AC Power

Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

Figure 10 Front Panel Display (Half-Height) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22

Figure 11 Front Panel Display (Full-Height) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22

Figure 12 Ultrium Tape Cartridge Write-Protect Switch . . . . . . . . . . 29

Figure 13 Layout of the Tracks on LTO Ultrium Tapes. . . . . . . . . . . .38

Figure 14 LTO-5 Half-Height Tape Drive Dimensions (front) . . . . . . .46

Figure 15 LTO-5 Half-Height Drive Dimensions (side). . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Figure 16 LTO-5 Full-Height Tape Drive Dimensions (front) . . . . . . .48

Figure 17 LTO-5 Full-Height Drive Dimensions (side) . . . . . . . . . . . .49

LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide vii

Figures

Figure 18 Front Panel Display (Half-Height) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62

Figure 19 Front Panel Display (Full-Height) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63

viii LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Ta b l e s

Table 1 Performance Features and Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

Table 2 Front Panel Display LED Blink Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Table 3 Data Cartridge Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31

Table 4 Physical Specifications (Half-Height LTO-5) . . . . . . . . . . . .46

Table 5 Physical Specifications (Full-Height LTO-5) . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Table 6 Voltage and Current Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50

Table 7 Drive Performance Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51

Table 8 Environmental Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52

Table 9 Reliability Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Table 10 Environmental Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55

Table 11 Environmental Specifications for the LTO-5 Tape Drive. . .59

Table 12 Tape Drive LED Sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Table 13 Encryption LED States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69

LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide ix

Tables

x LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Preface

Audience This guide is written for users of the LTO-5 Tape Drive.

Purpose This guide provides information about the LTO-5 Tape Drive

including:

• Installing the drive

• Basic drive operations

• Maintenance

•Specifications

• Troubleshooting

Document Organization

LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide xi

This guide is organized as follows:

• Chapter 1, Introduction Ultrium technologies, and summarizes the drive’s key features.

• Chapter 2, Installation Procedures precautions, unpacking tips, and installation instructions.

• Chapter 3, Operation of the drive.

, provides an overview of LTO and

, describes handling

, describes the operation and maintenance

Preface

• Chapter 4, Theory, describes the theory of operation behind the drive, including the technology used in various drive components.

• Chapter 5, Specifications specifications.

• Chapter 6, Troubleshooting Guide procedures you can follow if you encounter a problem with your drive.

• Appendix A, Installation Checklists checklists for users who are already familiar with the installation procedures.

• Appendix B, Disposal of Electrical & Electronic Equipment instructions for proper disposal of unwanted electrical and electronic equipment.

• Appendix C, Regulatory Compliances with safety and EMC regulations.

This guide also has an index.

, provides drive and cartridge

provides troubleshooting

, provides abbreviated quick-start

Notational Conventions This guide uses the following conventions:

Note: Notes emphasize important information related to the main

topic.

, provides

, identifies drive compliance

Caution: Cautions indicate potential hazards to equipment and are

included to prevent damage to equipment.

WARNING: Warnings indicate potential hazards to personal safety

and are included to prevent injury.

Related Documents The following subsection identifies the primary documents that are

related to the LTO-5 Tape Drive.

xii LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Preface

Standards Conformance

The Small Computer System Interface is described in standards that include several versions and a number of individual documents. The original Small Computer System Interface Standard, X3.131-1986, is referred to as SCSI-1. SCSI-1 was revised, resulting in the Small Computer System Interface – 2 (X3.131-1994), referred to as SCSI-2. The set of SCSI-3 standards are collectively referred to as SCSI-3. The applicable ANSI standards are as follows:

• INCITS Technical Committee T10 (SCSI Storage Interfaces) Standards:

• SCSI Architecture Model – 2 (SAM-2) INCITS 366-2003

• SCSI Architecture Model – 3 (SAM-3) INCITS 402-2005

• SCSI Architecture Model – 4 (SAM-4) in development

• Automation/Drive Interface – Commands (ADC) INCITS 4032005

• Automation/Drive Interface Commands (ADC-2) in development

• Automation/Drive Interface – Transport Protocol (ADT) INCITS 406-2005

• Automation/Drive Interface – Transport Protocol – 2 (ADT-2) in development

• Fibre Channel Protocol for SCSI (FCP) INCITS 269-1996

• Fibre Channel Protocol for SCSI, Second Version - 2 (FCP-2) INCITS 350-2003

• Fibre Channel Protocol for SCSI, Third Version - 3 (FCP-3) INCITS 416-2006

• Fibre Channel Protocol for SCSI, Fourth Version - 4 (FCP-3) in development

• SCSI-3 Medium Changer Commands (SMC) INCITS 314-1998

• SCSI Media Changer Commands – 2 (SMC-2) INCITS 382-2004

• SCSI Media Changer Commands – 3 (SMC-3) in development

• SCSI Parallel Interface – 3 (SPI-3) INCITS 336-2000

• SCSI Parallel Interface-4 (SPI-4) INCITS 362-2002

• SCSI Parallel Interface-5 (SPI-5) INCITS 367-2003

• SCSI-3 Primary Commands (SPC) INCITS 301-1997

LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide xiii

Preface

• SCSI Primary Commands – 2 (SPC-2) INCITS 351-2001

• SCSI Primary Commands – 3 (SPC-3) INCITS 408-2005

• SCSI Primary Commands – 4 (SPC-4) in development

• SCSI-3 Stream Commands (SSC) INCITS 335-2000

• SCSI Stream Commands – 2 (SSC-2) INCITS 380-2003

• SCSI Stream Commands – 3 (SSC-3) in development

• Serial Attached SCSI – (SAS) INCITS 376-2003

• Serial Attached SCSI – 1.1 (SAS-1.1) INCITS 417-2006

• Serial Attached SCSI – 2 (SAS-2) in development

• INCITS Technical Committee T11 (Device Level Interfaces) Standards

• Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop (FC-AL-2) Amendment 1 INCITS

332.1999/AM1-2003Fibre Channel Generic Services-4 (FC-GS-4) INCITS 387-2004

• Fibre Channel Generic Services-5 (FC-GS-5) in development

• Fibre Channel Generic Services-6 (FC-GS-6) in development

• Fibre Channel - Link Services (FC-LS) in development

Note: The term “SCSI” is used wherever it is not necessary to

distinguish between the versions of SCSI.

xiv LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Overview

Chapter 1

Introduction

This chapter provides an introductory overview of the LTO-5 Tape Drive. Topics incl u d e :

• Overview

• Drive Models

• Features

The LTO-5 Tape Drive is a high-performance 16-channel tape drive that complies with the LTO interchange specifications. The drive is suited for midrange to high-end servers, mainframe systems, and tape library automation systems.

The LTO-5 Tape Drive uses Ultrium data cartridges. Its capacity is maximized using intelligent data compression. The drive has a native capacity of 1500 Gbytes (1.5 TB) or 3000 Gbytes (3.0 TB) assuming 2:1 data compression.

The LTO-5 Tape Drive has a 5¼-inch form factor with automatic electromechanical cartridge soft load. It is available in two models:

•Internal

•Tabletop

LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide 1

Chapter 1 Introduction Drive Models

Drive Models

Internal The internal model (see figure 1 for the half-height model and figure 2

for the full-height model) is a 5¼-inch drive that you can install inside the drive bay of a:

• Computer workstation or server system

• Rackmount drive enclosure

Ta ble top The tabletop model is a 5¼-inch drive that is already mounted inside a

stand-alone external drive enclosure with a built-in power supply.

Figure 1 Internal LTO-5 HalfHeight Tape Drive

2 LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Figure 2 Internal LTO-5 FullHeight Tape Drive

Chapter 1 Introduction

Features

Table 1 describes the key performance features and capabilities of the

LTO-5 Half-Height Tape Drive.

Table 1 Performance Features and Capabilities

LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide 3

Feature Description

Cartridge memory Stores pertinent information about the

media to enable fast cartridge loading

Chassis Shock damped and isolated

Data buffering 256 Mbytes for high performance

Head positioner Patented proprietary mechanism for

increased data integrity

Chapter 1 Introduction Features

Feature Description

Intelligent data compression

Analyzes compression factors before recording to maximize performance and capacity

Interface Serial-attached SCSI (SAS)

SAS-2 capabilities The LTO-5 tape drive supports SAS-2

protocols.

Native data transfer rate Up to 140 Mbytes per second

Read channel Third generation for increased maturity

and data integrity

RISC processors Provide fast, efficient data processing

SmartVerify Includes two levels of ECC for extra data

safety and error protection

Supported platforms A wide variety of Windows and UNIX

systems

TapeAlert Monitors and reports drive performance

Tape picking Enhanced implementation for increased

reliability

Variable-speed transfer Variable speeds for matching with the

host to:

• Optimize data transfers

• Shorten backup times

• Increase reliability

4 LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Chapter 2

Installation Procedures

This chapter provides detailed installation instructions for both the internal and tabletop models of the LTO-5 Tape Drive, including:

• Before Installing the LTO-5 Tape Drive

• Handling Precautions and Installation Guidelines

• Preinstallation Requirements on page 7

• Unpacking and Inspecting the Drive

• Detailed procedures for:

• Installing the Internal LTO-5 Tape Drive

• Installing the Tabletop LTO-5 Tape Drive

• Installing the LTO Driver Software required

Optionally, experienced users who are familiar with installing the LTO-5 Tape Drive can refer to the quick-start checklists in appendix guide. Each checklist provides abbreviated installation instructions, with references to the corresponding detailed procedures in this chapter.

, which includes:

on page 7

on page 8

on page 15

on page 19, optional/when

on page 73 of this

LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide 5

Chapter 2 Installation Procedures Before Installing the LTO-5 Tape Drive

Before Installing the LTO-5 Tape Drive

Handling Precautions and Installation Guidelines

Always observe the following precautions and guidelines when handling and installing LTO-5 Tape Drives:

• Internal, at all times

•Tabletop, when removed from its free-standing enclosure

Handling Precautions

• Internal drives have exposed components that are sensitive to static electricity. To reduce the possibility of damage from static discharge, the drives are packaged in a protective antistatic bag. Do not remove the drive from the antistatic bag until you are ready to install it.

• Wear an ESD-preventive grounding wrist strap or observe similar ESD precautions when working with the drive. Be sure the wrist strap makes good skin contact. Do not remove the wrist strap until you finish working with the drive.

Also, avoid contact between the drive, other equipment, and clothing. The wrist strap only protects the equipment from ESD voltages on the body; ESD voltages on clothing can still cause damage.

• Before removing the drive from the antistatic bag, touch a grounded metal surface to discharge any static electricity buildup from your body.

(continued)

6 LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Chapter 2 Installation Procedures

Before Installing the LTO-5 Tape Drive

Preinstallation Requirements

Handling Precautions (continued)

Installation Guidelines

Before installing the LTO-5 Tape Drive, make sure you have:

• A serial SCSI host bus adapter (HBA) installed and properly configured in the host computer

• Interface components, either:

• 29-pin SAS SFF-8482 cable for an internal or rackmount drive

• Handle the drive by its sides rather than by the top cover to reduce the risk of dropping the drive or damaging it during installation.

• Either lay the drive on a nonconductive surface or put it back inside the protective antistatic bag to reduce the chance of damage from static discharge

Due to the high speed of the LTO-5 Tape Drive, do not connect more than one LTO-5 drive to the same channel on a host SCSI adapter.

• 26-pin SFF-8088 mini-SAS style interface cable for a tabletop drive

• Backup application software that supports the tape drive. For a list of the backup software applications that have been tested with the LTO-5 Tape Drive, contact your sales representative

Unpacking and Inspecting the Drive

LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide 7

Although each LTO-5 Tape Drive is inspected and carefully packaged at the factory, damage can occur:

• In shipment

• When being unpacked

Observe the handling precautions listed in Handling Precautions and

Installation Guidelines and carefully unpack and inspect the LTO-5 Tape

Drive as follows:

Chapter 2 Installation Procedures Installing the Internal LTO-5 Tape Drive

1 Visually inspect the shipping container and notify your carrier

immediately of any damage.

2 Place the shipping container on a flat, clean, stable surface and

carefully remove the contents.

3 Visually inspect the LTO-5 Tape Drive and notify your drive supplier’s

representative immediately of any damage.

4 Always save the shipping container and packing materials for any

future reshipment.

Installing the Internal LTO-5 Tape Drive

The installation of the internal LTO-5 tape drive differs depending on the drive type: Half-Height or Full-Height. Refer to the following sections for your drive type.

• Installing the Internal LTO-5 Half-Height Tape Drive

• Installing the Internal LTO-5 Full-Height Tape Drive

Installing the Internal LTO-5 Half-Height Tape Drive

8 LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide

To install the internal LTO-5 Half-Height Tape Drive, complete the following procedures in the order presented:

1 Mounting the Internal Half-Height Tape Drive

2 Connecting the Internal Half-Height Drive Interfaces

3 Restarting the Internal Half-Height Tape Drive System

4 Installing the LTO Driver Software

on page 19, if required

on page 9

on page 11

on page 12

IF you mount the drive . . . THEN the . . .

YES YES YES NO

horizontally, base of the drive must be within 15 degrees of

vertically, side of the drive must be within 5 degrees of

Figure 3 Acceptable Mounting Orientations

Chapter 2 Installation Procedures

Installing the Internal LTO-5 Tape Drive

Mounting the Internal Half-Height Tape Drive

You can mount the internal LTO-5 Half-Height Tape Drive either horizontally or vertically, but not upside down (see figure 3

horizontal.

Mount the internal drive in a 5.25-inch, half-height drive bay as follows:

1 As required:

a Save and close your open files and terminate all running

applications.

b Shut down the workstation or server system.

c Disconnect the system AC power cord from the facility AC

power receptacle.

2 Remove the cover from the workstation or server system.

Note: See your computer manufacturer’s instructions for the proper

procedures to remove the cover.

3 Select an available 5.25-inch half-height bay and, if required,

remove the bay cover.

LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide 9

Chapter 2 Installation Procedures

Lower mounting holes

Upper mounting holes

Washer

Installing the Internal LTO-5 Tape Drive

4 Position the drive in the bay and align either the upper or lower

5 Secure the drive using two Phillips screws labeled General

Caution: Using screws other than the Phillips screws labeled as

After mounting the internal LTO-5 Half-Height Tape Drive, proceed to

Connecting the Internal Half-Height Drive Interfaces

subsection.

Figure 4 Internal Tape Drive Mounting Hole Locations

mounting holes—whichever is appropriate—with the holes in the chassis (see figure 4

Mounting Screws on each side of the tape drive. If you cannot tighten the Phillips screws, use the washers provided with the

General Mounting Screws.

General Mounting Screws can damage the tape drive. Do not use screws other than the General Mounting Screws to secure the internal LTO-5 Half-Height Tape Drive.

in the following

10 LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Figure 5 Internal Drive

29 position SAS SFF-8482 connector

4-pin Molex power connector

Interfaces

Chapter 2 Installation Procedures

Installing the Internal LTO-5 Tape Drive

Connecting the Internal Half-Height Drive Interfaces

As shown in figure 5, the rear panel of the internal LTO-5 Half-Height Tape Drive has connectors for:

• 29-pin SAS SFF-8482 cable

Connect the interface cables to the internal drive as follows:

1 Verify that the system is shut down and the AC power cord is

disconnected from the facility AC power receptacle.

2 Connect the SAS connector on the back of the tape drive to a serial

SCSI host bus adapter (HBA) installed in the server.

3 Ensure that a 4-pin Molex power connector is plugged into the

power inputs of the SAS cable as shown in figure 5

4 Reinstall the system cover.

5 Reconnect the system AC power cord to the facility AC power

receptacle.

After connecting the internal drive interfaces, proceed to Restarting the

Internal Half-Height Tape Drive System in the following subsection.

LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide 11

Chapter 2 Installation Procedures Installing the Internal LTO-5 Tape Drive

Restarting the Internal Half-Height Tape Drive System

After connecting the internal drive interface and DC power cables:

1 Restart the workstation or server system.

2 Verify that the internal LTO-5 Half-Height Tape Drive comes on and

completes the Power On Self Test (POST) functions.

Installing the Internal LTO-5 Full-Height Tape Drive

As required, proceed to Installing the LTO Driver Software

To install the internal LTO-5 Full-Height Tape Drive, complete the following procedures in the order presented:

1 Mounting the Internal Full-Height Tape Drive

2 Connecting the Internal Full-Height Drive Interfaces

3 Restarting the Internal Full-Height Tape Drive System

4 Installing the LTO Driver Software

on page 19, if required

on page 12

on page 19.

on page 13

on page 15

Mounting the Internal Full-Height Tape Drive

Mount the internal drive in a 5.25-inch, full-height drive bay as follows:

1 As required:

a Save and close your open files and terminate all running

applications.

b Shut down the workstation or server system.

c Disconnect the system AC power cord from the facility AC

power receptacle.

2 Remove the cover from the workstation or server system.

Note: See your computer manufacturer’s instructions for the proper

procedures to remove the cover.

3 Select an available 5.25-inch full-height bay and, if required, remove

the bay cover.

4 Position the drive in the bay and align mounting holes with the

holes in the chassis (see figure 6

5 Secure the drive using two screws on each side of the tape drive.

12 LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Figure 6 Internal Full-Height

Mounting holes

Ta pe Dr i v e M ount i n g Hole Locations

Chapter 2 Installation Procedures

Installing the Internal LTO-5 Tape Drive

After mounting the internal LTO-5 Full-Height Tape Drive, proceed to

Connecting the Internal Full-Height Drive Interfaces

in the following

subsection.

Connecting the Internal Full-Height Drive Interfaces

As shown in figure 7, the rear panel of the internal LTO-5 Full-Height Tape Drive has connectors for:

• 29-pin SAS SFF-8482 cable

LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide 13

Chapter 2 Installation Procedures

29-pin SFF-8482 SAS cable connector

4-pin Molex power connector

Installing the Internal LTO-5 Tape Drive

Figure 7 Internal Full-Height Drive Interfaces

Connect the interface cables to the internal drive as follows:

1 Verify that the system is shut down and the AC power cord is

disconnected from the facility AC power receptacle.

2 Connect the SAS connector on the back of the tape drive to a serial

SCSI host bus adapter (HBA) installed in the server.

3 Ensure that a 4-pin Molex power connector is plugged into the

power inputs of the SAS cable as shown in figure 7

4 Reinstall the system cover.

5 Reconnect the system AC power cord to the facility AC power

receptacle.

After connecting the internal drive interfaces, proceed to Restarting the

Internal Full-Height Tape Drive System in the following subsection.

14 LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Chapter 2 Installation Procedures

Installing the Tabletop LTO-5 Tape Drive

Restarting the Internal Full-Height Tape Drive System

After connecting the internal drive interfaces:

1 Restart the workstation or server system.

2 Verify that the internal LTO-5 Full-Height Tape Drive comes on and

completes the Power On Self Test (POST) functions.

As required, proceed to Installing the LTO Driver Software

Installing the Tabletop LTO-5 Tape Drive

The installation of the internal LTO-5 tape drive differs depending on the drive type: Half-Height or Full-Height. Refer to the following sections for your drive type.

• Installing the Tabletop LTO-5 Half-Height Tape Drive

• Installing the Tabletop LTO-5 Full-Height Tape Drive

Installing the Tabletop LTO-5 Half-Height Tape Drive

To install the tabletop LTO-5 Half-Height Tape Drive, complete the following procedures in the order presented:

1 Connecting the Tabletop Half-Height Drive Interface and AC Power

Cables

2 Restarting the Tabletop Half-Height Tape Drive System on page 17

3 Installing the LTO Driver Software

on page 19, if required

on page 19.

Connecting the Tabletop Half-Height Drive Interface and AC Power Cables

As shown in figure 8, the rear panel of the tabletop LTO-5 Half-Height Tape Drive has connectors for:

• A 26-pin SFF-8088 mini-SAS style interface cable

•The AC power cable

LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide 15

Chapter 2 Installation Procedures

26-pin SFF-8088 mini-SAS connector

AC power switch

AC power connector

Installing the Tabletop LTO-5 Tape Drive

Figure 8 Tabletop Half-Height Drive Interface and AC Power Connectors

Connect the interface and AC power cables to the tabletop drive as follows:

1 As required:

a Save and close your open files and terminate all running

applications.

b Shut down the workstation or server system.

c Disconnect the system AC power cord from the facility AC

power receptacle.

2 Attach the external SAS interface cable to the 26-pin SFF-8088 mini-

SAS connector on the back of the drive.

3 Verify that the tabletop LTO-5 Half-Height Tape Drive AC power

switch is set to the off position, and connect the AC power cord to the power connector on the back of the drive.

4 Connect the drive AC power cord to the facility AC power

receptacle.

16 LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Chapter 2 Installation Procedures

Installing the Tabletop LTO-5 Tape Drive

5 Reconnect the workstation or server system AC power cord to the

facility AC power receptacle.

After connecting the tabletop drive interface and AC power cables, proceed to Restarting the Tabletop Half-Height Tape Drive System following subsection.

in the

Restarting the Tabletop Half-Height Tape Drive System

After connecting the tabletop drive interface and AC power cables:

1 Set the tabletop drive AC power switch to the on position.

2 Restart the workstation or server system.

3 Verify that the tabletop LTO-5 Half-Height Tape Drive comes on and

completes the Power On Self Test (POST) functions.

Installing the Tabletop LTO-5 Full-Height Tape Drive

As required, proceed to Installing the LTO Driver Software

To install the tabletop LTO-5 Full-Height Tape Drive, complete the following procedures in the order presented:

1 Connecting the Full-Height Tabletop Drive Interface and AC Power

Cables

2 Restarting the Tabletop Full-Height Tape Drive System on page 19

3 Installing the LTO Driver Software

on page 19, if required

Connecting the Full-Height Tabletop Drive Interface and AC Power Cables

As shown in figure 9, the rear panel of the tabletop LTO-5 Full-Height Tape Drive has connectors for:

• A 26-pin SFF-8088 mini-SAS style interface cable

•The AC power cable

LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide 17

Chapter 2 Installation Procedures

26-pin SFF-8088 mini-SAS connector

AC power switch

AC power connector

Installing the Tabletop LTO-5 Tape Drive

Figure 9 Tabletop Full-Height Drive Interface and AC Power Connectors

Connect the interface and AC power cables to the tabletop drive as follows:

1 As required:

a Save and close your open files and terminate all running

applications.

b Shut down the workstation or server system.

c Disconnect the system AC power cord from the facility AC

power receptacle.

2 Attach the external SAS interface cable to the 26-pin SFF-8088 mini-

SAS connector on the back of the drive.

18 LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Chapter 2 Installation Procedures Installing the LTO Driver Software

3 Verify that the tabletop LTO-5 Full-Height Tape Drive AC power

switch is set to the off position, and connect the AC power cord to the power connector on the back of the drive.

4 Connect the drive AC power cord to the facility AC power

receptacle.

5 Reconnect the workstation or server system AC power cord to the

facility AC power receptacle.

After connecting the tabletop drive interface and AC power cables, proceed to Restarting the Tabletop Full-Height Tape Drive System following subsection.

in the

Restarting the Tabletop Full-Height Tape Drive System

After connecting the tabletop drive interface and AC power cables:

1 Set the tabletop drive AC power switch to the on position.

2 Restart the workstation or server system.

3 Verify that the tabletop LTO-5 Half-Height Tape Drive comes on and

completes the Power On Self Test (POST) functions.

As required, proceed to Installing the LTO Driver Software

Installing the LTO Driver Software

If you intend to use the LTO-5 Tape Drive with the Microsoft® native backup applet on a Windows 2000, Windows Server® 2003, Windows 2008 Server®, Windows XP®, or Windows Vista operating system, install the appropriate version of the LTO driver software available at

www.quantum.com

Note: The LTO driver software is not necessary with commercial

backup application software.

LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide 19

Chapter 2 Installation Procedures Installing the LTO Driver Software

20 LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Chapter 3

Operation

This chapter describes how to operate the LTO-5 Tape Drive.

Topics covered in this chapter are:

• Understanding the Front Panel Display

• Using LTO Tape Cartridges on page 28

• WORM Data Cartridges

• LTO-5 Tape Drives and Partitioning

• LTO-5 Tape Drives and Encryption

• Cleaning the Tape Drive

• Performing an Emergency Cartridge Eject

on page 32

on page 34

on page 36

Understanding the Front Panel Display

As shown in figure 10 (half-height) and figure 11 (full-height), the LTO-5 Tape Drive front panel display has five LED indicators that reflect the operating condition of the drive:

The LEDs are either on steady or blinking at different rates in various combinations to indicate the various drive conditions as shown in table 2

LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide 21

Chapter 3 Operation

Cartridge door

Encryption LED

Ready LED

Tape L E D

Drive LED

Clean LED

Eject button

Cartridge door

Eject button

Emergency reset button

Ready LED

Ta pe L E D

Drive LED

Clean LED

Encryption LED

Understanding the Front Panel Display

Figure 10 Front Panel Display (Half-Height)

Figure 11 Front Panel Display (Full-Height)

22 LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Chapter 3 Operation

Understanding the Front Panel Display

Encryption

First LED - Blue or Amber. Indicates whether the encryption status of the drive.

On At power on

Off The drive is idle and there is no

encryption key.

Off with

Ready LED

The tape drive is reading/writing unencrypted data from another

host or unloading a cartridge. flashing green.

On (solid blue)

The drive is idle but the

encryption key is loaded. The

drive is ready to read/write

encrypted data.

On (solid blue) with

The drive is reading/writing

encrypted data.

Ready LED

flashing green

Alternate flashing, blue and amber

There is an encryption related

error.This is cleared after unload

executes or successful

encryption/decryption resumes.

Using LTO Tape Cartridges

Loading a Tape Cartridge

To load an Ultrium tape cartridge into the LTO-5 Tape Drive, gently insert the cartridge into the slot and then either:

• Push the cartridge further into the drive until the drive senses the cartridge and automatically completes the load operation.

• Use a library or host command to complete the load operation.

Unloading a Tape Cartridge

28 LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide

To unload an Ultrium tape cartridge from the LTO-5 Tape Drive, either:

• Use a library or host command to unload the tape.

• Press the Eject button on the front panel of the drive.

Caution: After you press the Eject button, several minutes can

elapse before the drive ejects the cartridge. Do not power down the tape drive or the host computer until the drive has completely ejected the cartridge.

Chapter 3 Operation

Write protect switch (locked)

Using LTO Tape Cartridges

Write Protecting a Tape Cartridge

Figure 12 Ultrium Tape Cartridge Write-Protect Switch

Ultrium tape cartridges have a sliding write-protect switch at the rightrear corner as shown in figure 12

Sliding the writeprotect switch toward the . . . Enables data to be . . .

center of the cartridge (the Locked position),

read from the cartridge, but not written to it. (This is the write-protected position.)

corner of the cartridge (the Unlocked position),

both read from and written to the cartridge. (This is the write-enabled position.)

LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide 29

Chapter 3 Operation Using LTO Tape Cartridges

Tape Cartridge Care and Maintenance

Observe the following precautions to protect the data on your Ultrium tape cartridges:

Always:

• Remove the cartridge from the drive when not in use and store it in its protective case.

• Avoid dropping the cartridge. This can damage components inside the cartridge, possibly rendering the tape unusable. If you drop a tape cartridge, open the cartridge door and make sure that the leader pin is in the correct position.

• Re-tension a dropped cartridge before using.

• Keep the cartridge away from:

• Direct sunlight and heat sources, such as radiators, heaters, or warm air ducts.

• Sources of electromagnetic fields, such as telephones, computer monitors, dictation equipment, mechanical or printing calculators, motors, magnetic tools, and bulk erasers.

Do not:

• Expose the cartridge to dirt, dust or moisture.

• Touch the tape media within the cartridge.

• Bulk erase Ultrium tape cartridges. LTO tape cartridges have prewritten servo patterns that cannot be reformatted by the tape drive. A bulk erase operation would make them unusable.

• Use tape cartridges outside the specified operating conditions: 10

C to 40o C, 20% to 80% relative

humidity.

If a tape cartridge has been exposed to conditions outside the specified range, recondition the tape before using in the operating environment by exposing it to the operating environment for a time equal to or greater than the time it was outside the operating environment, up to a maximum of 24 hours. Then re-tension the tape to stabilize the tape pack for better performance.

30 LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Data Cartridges

Chapter 3 Operation

Data Cartridges

Ultrium tape drives use Ultrium tape cartridges. These are single-reel cartridges that match your drive's format and are optimized for high capacity, throughput and reliability. Compatible media can be recognized by the Ultrium logo, which is the same as the logo on the front of your drive. Do not use other format cartridges in your tape drive and do not use Ultrium cartridges in other format tape drives.

For optimum performance always use a data cartridge that matches the specification of your tape drive, (see table below). A lower specification will have a lower transfer speed and may not support write activities; a higher specification will not support read or write.

We recommend:

• Ultrium 3TB RW* and Ultrium 3TB* WORM tape cartridges for use with LTO-5 tape drives.

Table 3 Data Cartridge Compatibility

Ultrium Ta pe Drive Model

LTO-5 not supported not supported read only read/write and

LTO-4 not supported read only read/write and

LTO-3 read only read/write read/write

LTO-2 read/write read/write not supported not supported not supported

* Capacity assumes 2:1 compression.

200Gb* Data

Cartridge

Ultrium 400GB* data cartridge

Ultrium 800GB* data cartridge

write once/ read many

and write once/read many

Ultrium

1.6TB* data cartridge

write once/ read many

read/write and write once/read many

not supported not supported

Ultrium 3TB* data cartridge

read/write and write once/read many

not supported

LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide 31

Chapter 3 Operation WORM Data Cartridges

WORM Data Cartridges

The LTO-5 tape drive includes support for both re-writable and WriteOnce, Read-Many (WORM), data cartridges. WORM cartridges provide an enhanced level of data security against accidental or malicious alteration of data on the tape cartridge. The WORM data cartridge can be appended to maximize the full capacity of the tape cartridge, but the user will be unable to erase or overwrite data on the cartridge. Any attempt to modify a WORM cartridge to enable writing over existing data will result in the media becoming permanently write protected. It should still be readable in a WORM drive, depending upon the severity of the tampering, but no further appended backups will be possible.

WORM data cartridges are clearly identified by their distinctive, twotone cartridge color. They can only be used with Ultrium tape drives that support the WORM feature.

LTO-5 Tape Drives and Partitioning

The LTO-5 tape drive supports two tape partitions, when used with Ultrium 3TB R/W cartridges. Tape partitioning is not supported with WORM cartridges or with earlier generations of cartridge. See your backup application's documentation for more information about partitioning media.

LTO-5 Tape Drives and Encryption

The LTO-5 tape drive includes hardware capable of performing data encryption at full speed while writing data, and decrypting when reading.

Encryption is the process of changing data into a form that cannot be read until it is deciphered, protecting the data from unauthorized access

32 LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Chapter 3 Operation

LTO-5 Tape Drives and Encryption

and use. LTO-5 tape drives use the strongest version of the industrystandard AES encrypting algorithm to protect your data.

To make use of this feature you need:

• A backup application that supports hardware encryption

• Ultrium 3TB media or Ultrium 1.6TB media; no encryption will be performed when writing earlier generations of tape

When should I use encryption?

How do I enable encryption?

When will I be asked to enter the key?

Your company policy will determine when you need to use encryption. For example, it may be mandatory for company confidential and financial data, but not for personal data. Company policy will also define how encryption keys should be generated and managed. Backup applications that support encryption will generate a key for you or allow you to enter a key manually.

Note: Encryption with keys that are generated directly from

passwords or passphrases may be less secure than encryption using truly random keys. Your application should explain the options and methods that are available. Please refer to your application's user documentation for more information.

Hardware encryption is turned off by default and is switched on by settings in your backup application, where you also generate and supply the encryption key. Your backup application must support hardware encryption for this feature to work.

Encryption is primarily designed to protect the media once it is offline and to prevent it being accessed from another machine. You will be able to read and append the encrypted media without being prompted for a key as long as it is being accessed by the machine and application that first encrypted it.

There are two main instances when you will need to know the key:

• If you try to import the media to another machine or another instance of the backup application

• If you are recovering your system after a disaster

LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide 33

Chapter 3 Operation Cleaning the Tape Drive

What happens if I don't remember the key?

Does encryption affect tape drive performance?

Does the tape drive encrypt media in an earlier Ultrium format?

If you are unable to supply the key when requested to do so, neither you nor Quantum Support will be able to access the encrypted data.

This guarantees the security of your data, but also means that you must be careful in the management of the encryption key used to generate the tape.

Caution: You should keep a record or backup of your encryption

keys and store them in a secure place separate from the computer running the backup software.

Hardware encryption can be used with or without compression and without speed or capacity penalties.

No. Encryption is supported only on Ultrium 3TB media and Ultrium

1.6TB media.

Encrypted Ultrium 3TB and 1.6TB tapes can be read on any compatible Ultrium tape drive that supports hardware encryption.

LTO-5 tape drives can read Ultrium 800 GB and Ultrium 400 GB media and write Ultrium 800 GB media, but hardware encryption is not supported on these formats.

Cleaning the Tape Drive

Excessive tape debris or other material can accumulate on the tape heads if the drive is:

• Used with non-approved media

• Operated in a hot, dusty environment

When this happens, the drive can:

34 LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Chapter 3 Operation

Cleaning the Tape Drive

• Experience excessive errors while reading or writing

•The Clean LED is flashing

This means that the drive needs to be cleaned.

The LTO cleaning cartridge has the same dimensions as the tape cartridge and contains an LTO Cartridge Memory (LTO-CM), but is loaded with cleaning media instead of recording media. Always keep the LTO cleaning cartridge in its protective case when not in use.

Procedure

To clean the LTO-5 Tape Drive:

1 Load an Ultrium Universal Cleaning cartridge into the tape drive.

2 The drive will carry out its cleaning cycle and eject the cartridge on

completion (which can take up to 5 minutes). During the cleaning cycle the orange Clean LED will be on solidly and the green Ready LED will flash.

Each Ultrium universal cleaning cartridge can be used up to 50 times with Ultrium tape drives. If the cleaning cartridge is ejected immediately with the Tape LED on, it has expired.

Note: If the LTO-5 Tape Drive does not recognize the cartridge as an

LTO cleaning cartridge, the drive stops the cleaning process and ejects the cartridge.

3 After the cleaning process completes, depending on the drive

configuration, either:

a The drive automatically ejects the Ultrium Universal Cleaning

cartridge, or

b You must press the Eject button to eject the Ultrium Universal

Cleaning cartridge.

4 Write the date on the Ultrium Universal Cleaning label for future

reference.

Always discard used-up Ultrium Universal Cleaning cartridges.

LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide 35

Chapter 3 Operation Performing an Emergency Cartridge Eject

Performing an Emergency Cartridge Eject

If the LTO-5 Tape Drive stops communicating with the host computer, use the following procedure eject a cartridge (if necessary).

Caution: When you perform an emergency cartridge eject, any data

in the drive or host buffers will not be written to the tape and the tape record may not be correctly terminated with an end-of-data mark. If the end-of-data mark is not written to the tape, you will not be able to append any data to that

tape unless you overwrite the existing data on the tape.

To perform an emergency cartridge eject, hold down the Eject button between 5 to 15 seconds, and then release it. The tape drive firmware ignores all outstanding SCSI commands and ejects the tape.

36 LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Chapter 4

Theory

This chapter describes operational theories used in the LTO-5 Tape Drive.

The topics covered in this chapter are:

• Track Layout

• Recording Method on page 38

• Data Buffer

• Data Integrity

• Data Compression

on page 39

on page 41

Track L ayout

With the LTO-5 Tape Drive, there are 1280 data tracks on the LTO tape, numbered 0 through 1279.

The area between adjacent servo bands is a data band. There are 4 data bands, each of which includes 300 data tracks. The data bands are numbered 3, 1, 0, 2. Data band 2 is closest to the bottom edge of the tape.

A track group is a set of tracks that is recorded concurrently. The sets of 20 data tracks in a data band are data sub-bands. There are 20 data sub-bands per data band. The data tracks are accessed in a serpentine manner.

LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide 37

Chapter 4 Theory

Tape edge

Even # wrap

Servo band

Odd # wrap

Tape edge

Even # wrap

Servo band

Odd # wrap

Sub-band 0

Sub-band 15

Sub-bands 1 through 14 (not shown)

Beginning of tape (BOT)

End of tape (EOT)

Data Band

Recording Method

A wrap is a track group recorded in the physical forward or physical reverse direction. The wraps are recorded in a serpentine fashion starting in data band 0. The tape contains 80 track groups, 40 written in the forward direction and 40 written in the reverse direction. Evennumbered wraps are recorded in the forward direction (BOT to EOT), and odd-numbered wraps are recorded in the reverse direction (EOT to BOT).

Figure 13 Layout of the Tracks on LTO Ultrium Tapes

Figure 13

shows the layout of data on an LTO tape.

Recording Method

The LTO-5 Tape Drive records data using write-equalized (0,13/11) Run Length Limited (RLL) code. RLL (0,13/11) Data bits are defined as follows:

38 LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Data Buffer

Data Integrity

Chapter 4 Theory

Data Buffer

• ONE is represented by a flux transition at the center of a bit-cell.

•

ZERO is represented by no flux transition in the bit-cell.

In its default configuration, the LTO-5 Tape Drive has a 256-Mbyte buffer. The buffer controller has a burst transfer rate of 320 Mbytes/sec., and utilizes bank switching to achieve a maximum average bandwidth of nearly 240 Mbytes/sec. The high bandwidth is needed to support look-aside data compression in the case of compressible data being transferred from the SCSI.

The mechanical and electrical design of the drive ensures that drive performance does not degrade over time. Changes in head alignment, head wear, component drift, and other factors are minimized to ensure that data integrity and interchange capability are not compromised. The drive also incorporates adaptive Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters that modify the equalization of each read channel dynamically to compensate for many of those changes.

The error rate of the LTO-5 Tape Drive is less than 1 hard error in 10

bits. The undetectable error rate is 1 in 10

Error-correction Code (ECC)

LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide 39

The use of Cyclic Redundancy Checking (CRC), two-level orthogonal Error Correction Coding (ECC) provides a very low probability of encountering a hard error. During the read process, ECC correction is performed on the fly without affecting tape streaming.

There are two levels of Error Correction Coding (ECC). These two levels are orthogonal — that is, an ECC codeword at one level intersects ECC codewords at the other level just once, which means there will be only

bits read.

Chapter 4 Theory Data Integrity

one common symbol between them. The two levels are called C1 and C2.

C1 ECC

As data is written to memory from the data processing unit, the DMA/ ECC interface generates C1 ECC bytes and writes them to memory.

As data is written to tape, the C1 ECC is checked and an interrupt generated if there is an error. The C1 ECC read from memory is the ECC that is written to tape.

When data is read from tape and stored into memory, C1 ECC is checked and:

• If the C1 ECC is good, the “Valid” bit for the codeword pair is set.

• Otherwise, a pointer to the invalid codeword pair is passed to the C1 ECC correction engine.

• If the C1 ECC correction engine can correct the error, then the corrected bytes are written to memory, and the Valid bit is set.

• Otherwise, the Valid bit is left cleared.

As data is read from memory to the data processor for decompression, the C1 ECC is again checked and an interrupt generated if it is not correct.

C2 ECC

C2 ECC involves three distinct operations:

Encoding: Generating C2 ECC bytes from data bytes (performed by

ECC coprocessor hardware).

Decoding: Generating ECC syndromes from data and ECC bytes,

testing for all-zeroes (performed by ECC coprocessor hardware).

Correction: Generating corrected data from syndromes.

The correction depends on the number and types of errors involved:

• For one known C1 codeword pair in error in a subdata set (C2 codeword), the operation is performed by the ECC coprocessor hardware.

40 LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Chapter 4 Theory

Data Compression

• For two or more known C1 codeword pairs in error, the matrix is computed by firmware and the correction is performed by hardware.

• For one or more unknown C1 codeword pairs, syndromes are generated by hardware, error location is computed by firmware, the matrix is computed by firmware and the correction is performed by hardware.

Servo-tracking Faults During a write operation, if the servo system detects an error that may

result in adjacent data tracks being overwritten, the write operation is aborted. The write operation will not continue until the correct servo tracking is re-established.

Data Compression

Typical data streams of text, graphics, software code, or other forms of data contain repeated information of some sort, whether it is at the text level where you can readily recognize regular repetitions of a single word, or at the binary level where the repetitions are in bits or bytes. Although most data is unique and random, the binary level data exhibits patterns of various sizes that repeat with varying degrees of regularity.

Storage efficiency is increased if the redundancies or repetition in the data are removed before the data is recorded to tape. Data compression technology significantly reduces or eliminates redundancies in data before recording the information to tape. This increases the amount of data that can be stored on a finite medium and increases the overall storage efficiency of the system.

With data compression, the redundant information in a data stream is identified and represented by codewords or symbols that allow the same data to be recorded in a fewer number of bits. These codewords or symbols point back to the original data string, using fewer characters to represent the strings. Because these smaller symbols are substituted for the longer strings of data, more data can be stored in the same physical space.

Some important benefits result from data compression in tape drives:

LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide 41

Chapter 4 Theory Data Compression

• The same amount of information can be stored on a smaller length of tape.

• More data can be stored on a given length of tape.

• Performance can more closely parallel to that of high-transfer-rate computers.

• More information can be transferred in the same time interval.

Data Compression Considerations

In an effective data-compression method, several factors are important:

• The amount of compression, which is measured by the compression ratio. This ratio compares the amount of uncompressed data to the amount of compressed data. It is obtained by dividing the size of the uncompressed data by the size of the compressed data.

• The speed with which data is compressed and decompressed relative to the host transfer rate.

• The types of data to be compressed.

• The data integrity of the compressed data.

The amount of compression possible in a data stream depends on factors such as:

• Data pattern

• Compression algorithm

• Pattern repetition length

• Pattern repetition frequency

•Object size (block of information to be compressed)

• Starting pattern chosen

The transfer rate depends on factors such as:

• Compression ratio

• Drive buffer size

• Host computer input/output (I/O) speed

• Effective disc speeds of the host computer

• Record lengths that the host computer transmits

42 LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Chapter 4 Theory

Data Compression

Data compression algorithms can be tailored to provide maximum compression for specific types of data. Because varying types of data are encountered in normal day-to-day operating circumstances, however, an effective data compression method for a tape drive must serve various data types. Additionally, the data compression method must adapt to different data types, automatically providing optimum handling for all types of data.

Intelligent Data Compression

The compressed capacity of the tape is maximized through the use of intelligent data compression. The intelligent data compression hardware determines the compressibility of each record. If the size of the record is larger after a compression attempt than the native (uncompressed) size, then the record is written in its native form.

The intelligent data compression utilizes two compression schemes:

• Scheme-1 is a LZ1-based compression scheme using a history buffer to achieve data compression.

• Scheme-2 is a pass-through compression scheme designed to pass uncompressible data through with minimal expansion.

There are three specific requirements for compliance with the LTO specification.

• The output data stream must be decompressible following LTO rules to create the input sequence of records and file marks perfectly.

• An LTO compressed data stream may not contain any of the eight reserved control symbols.

• While control symbols allow switching to Scheme 2, this should never be used by operational software because this capability is only for diagnostic and testing purposes.

Software data compression should never be used because the built-in intelligent data compression of the LTO-5 Tape Drive is much more efficient than software data compression.

The LTO-5 Tape Drive uses a derivative of ALDC-2 lossless data compression that includes additional control codes for intelligent data compression.

LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide 43

Chapter 4 Theory Data Compression

44 LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Chapter 5

Specifications

This chapter provides technical specifications for the LTO-5 Tape Drive.

The topics covered in this chapter are:

• Physical Specifications

• Power Specifications on page 50

• Drive Performance Specifications

• Environmental Requirements

• Injected Noise Specifications

• Reliability Specifications

• LTO Cartridge Specifications

on page 53

on page 50

on page 52

on page 53

on page 55

Physical Specifications

Table 4 lists the physical specifications of the LTO-5 Half-Height Tape Drive,

which is shown in figure 14

Table 5

which is shown in figure 16

LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide 45

lists the physical specifications of the LTO-5 Full-Height Tape Drive,

and figure 15.

and figure 17.

Chapter 5 Specifications Physical Specifications

Table 4 Physical Specifications (Half-Height LTO-5)

Figure 14 LTO-5 Half-Height Tape Drive Dimensions (front)

Specification

Without Bezel With Bezel

Height 1.63 inches

(41.65 mm)

Width 5.76 inches

(146.05)

Length 8.43 inches

(214.24 mm) (Max. to end of

connector)

Weight 3.13 lb.

(1.42 kg.)

Internal Drive

1.68 inches (42.70 mm)

5.86 inches (148.99 mm)

8.64 inches (219.47 mm)

(Max. to end of connector)

3.25 lb. (1.47 kg.)

46 LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Figure 15 LTO-5 Half-Height Drive Dimensions (side)

Chapter 5 Specifications

Physical Specifications

LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide 47

Chapter 5 Specifications

59.50±1

TO CARTRIDGE CENTER

FROM SIDE MOUNTING SURFACE

64.50±0.65

TO CARTRIDGE CENTER

FROM BOTTOM MOUNT ING SURFACE

149±0.25

85.50±0.25

Physical Specifications

Table 5 Physical Specifications (Full-Height LTO-5)

Figure 16 LTO-5 Full-Height Tape Drive Dimensions (front)

Specification

Without Bezel With Bezel

Height 3.24 inches

(82.50 mm)

Width 5.79 inches

(146.07)

Length 7.99 inches

(203 mm)

Weight 5.00 lb.

(2.27 kg.)

Internal Drive

3.36 inches (85.50 mm)

5.86 inches (149 mm)

8.18 inches (208 mm)

5.15 lb. (2.34 kg.)

48 LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Figure 17 LTO-5 Full-Height Drive Dimensions (side)

Chapter 5 Specifications

Physical Specifications

LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide 49

Chapter 5 Specifications Power Specifications

Power Specifications

The tabletop LTO-5 Tape Drive has a built-in 90-260 VAC (47-63 Hz) automatic switching power supply.

Maximum voltage and power specifications for the internal LTO-5 HalfHeight Tape Drive are listed in table 6 same as those for other SCSI drives unless otherwise noted.

and table . Specifications are the

Table 6 Voltage and Current Specifications

Power consumption

Power requirements

Power requirements, external tape drives

Specifications

7.5 Watts idle, 24 Watts typical, 40 Watts maximum

+5V @ 3.5A typical +5V @ 3.6A maximum +12V @ 0.51A typical +12V @ 2.3A maximum

100–240 VAC, 50-60 Hz, auto-ranging, 0.8A maximum

Drive Performance Specifications

Table 7 lists the performance specifications of the LTO-5 Half-Height

Tape Drive.

50 LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Chapter 5 Specifications

Drive Performance Specifications

Table 7 Drive Performance Specifications

Specification Value

Average data access time

52 seconds (846-m tape) from BOW (beginning of wrap)

Average rewind time

47 seconds (846-m tape)

Maximum rewind time

94 seconds (846-m tape)

Capacity LTO Ultrium 5 (846 m)

1500 Gbytes (native)

Cartridge unload time 19 seconds

Error recovery Read-after-write Reed Solomon ECC

(2 levels)

Flux density 15142 cells per mm

Head configuration 2 bumps

16 thin-film write heads per bump

16 MR read heads per bump

2 MR servo heads per bump

Maximum data access time

97 seconds (650-m tape) from BOW

Recording format Ultrium 16-channel (U-516)

Recording undetectable errors

Recording unrecoverable

Less than 1 in 10

data bits

errors

Synchronous transfer rate

600 Mbytes per sec max (SAS 2.0) (burst)

Tape drive type LTO (Ultrium)

Tape speed Up to 6.04 meters per second (for

write/read operations)

LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide 51

Chapter 5 Specifications Environmental Requirements

Specification Value

Track density 123.5 tracks per mm (3136 tracks

Transfer rate (sustained) 140 Mbytes/second (max, native)

Environmental Requirements

Table 8 lists the environmental specifications of the LTO-5 Half-Height

Tape Drive.

Ta ble 8 Environmental Requirements

per inch)

Specification Operational Nonoperational

Acoustic level idling (A-wt sum)

Acoustic level operational (A-wt sum)

Airflow requirements Internal: 9 CFM (front to back) N/A

Altitude max 10,000 feet MSL

Humidity gradient 10% per hour 10% per hour

Relative humidity 20% to 80% non-condensing 10% to 95% non-condensing

Shock (1/2 sine wave) 10 Gs peak, 11 msec 40 Gs peak, 11 msec

Temperature +50° to +104°F

52 LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide

52 dBA maximum 5.0 LwA Bels —

57 dBA maximum 5.5 LwA Bels —

40,000 feet (power off)

(at 25°C)

–40° to +149°F

(+10° to + 40°C)

(–40° to + 66°C)

Chapter 5 Specifications

Injected Noise Specifications

Specification Operational Nonoperational

Thermal gradient 11°C per hour (10-40°C) 11°C per hour (10-40°C)

Vibration (sweep test) 0.005 inches DA (5-43 Hz)

0.50 G peak (43–1000 Hz) sweep rate 5-1000Hz;

1.0 octave per minute

Injected Noise Specifications

The internal drive operates without degradation of error rates with 100 mV of noise injected between the chassis and 0 V at the power connector at any frequency between 45 Hz and 20 MHz.

Reliability Specifications

The LTO-5 Tape Drive is designed for maximum reliability and data integrity. Table 9

lists the reliability specifications.

0.1 inches (5-–15Hz)

1.0 G (15–500 Hz)

1.0 octave per minute

Table 9 Reliability Specifications

LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide 53

Specification Description

Cartridge load/eject 100,000 cartridge load/eject cycles (no

thread)

Error recovery and control

• Error correction code techniques (C1 and C2 ECC)

• Read-after-write (RAW)

• Error monitoring and reporting (error log)

•Retry on

Chapter 5 Specifications Reliability Specifications

Specification Description

Mean Time Between Failures

Mean time between failures (MTBF)

250,000 hours MTBF at 100% duty cycle: power applied and tape moving continuously (tabletop drive; 50,000 hours at full load and 25°C)

Mean time to replace

Less than 30 minutes

(MTTR)

Nonrecoverable error

Less than 1 in 10

bits

rate

• The mean time between failures (MTBF) for the internal drive is specified at 250,000 hours minimum. This specification includes all power-on and operational time but excludes maintenance periods. Operational time is assumed to be 100% of the power-on time. Operational time is the time the tape is loaded.

The MTBF for the tabletop drive power supply is 50,000 hours with the unit operated at full load and 25°C.

Note: The MTBF rating does not represent any particular drive, but is

derived from a large database of test samples. Actual rates may vary from unit to unit.

Mean Time to Replace The mean time to replace (MTTR) is the average time required by a

qualified service technician to diagnose a defective drive and to install a replacement drive. The MTTR for LTO products is less than 0.5 hour (30 minutes).

The LTO drives are field-replaceable units. If a problem occurs with a subassembly or component in the drive, you should replace the entire unit. Return the drive to the factory in its original packaging. Contact your distributor, dealer, your computer system company or your sales representative to arrange the return.

54 LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide

LTO Cartridge Specifications

Chapter 5 Specifications

LTO Cartridge Specifications

Environmental Considerations

Table 10 Environmental Tolerances

Table 10 lists the basic environmental tolerances for LTO Ultrium

cartridges.

Specification Value

Maximum localized temperaturepermanent tape damage

Operating temperature 10°C to 40°C

Relative humidity 10% to 80% storage,

Wet bulb temperature 26° C max

If during storage and/or transportation a cartridge has been exposed to conditions outside the specified values, it must be conditioned before use in the operating environment. The conditioning shall be exposure to the operating environment for a time equal to, or greater than, the time away from the operating environment, up to a maximum of 24 hours. There shall be no deposit of moisture anywhere on or in the cartridge.

The stray magnetic field at any point on the tape shall not exceed 4000 A/m.

Greater than 52°C

20% to 80% operating

Cartridge Memory Each Ultrium 1, 2, and 3 cartridge has 4 Kbytes of nonvolatile memory:

• 3 Kbytes are used to store tape-directory and hardware specific information.

• 1 Kbyte is available for application and OEM use.

Each Ultrium 4 and 5 cartridge has 8 Kbytes of nonvolatile memory:

• 4 Kbytes are used to store tape-directory and hardware-specific information.

LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide 55

Chapter 5 Specifications LTO Cartridge Specifications

• 128 bytes are used for error information.

• Approximately 4K bytes are not used.

The cartridge memory is powered, read, and written to via a radiofrequency link.

Cartridge Reliability After 5,000 load/eject cycles, replace the cartridge to insure data

integrity.

56 LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Troubleshooting Guide

This chapter provides best-practice installation guidelines for getting the most out of your LTO-5 Tape Drive and troubleshooting information you can use to identify and resolve tape drive problems.

Topics covered in this chapter are:

• Installation Best Practices

• Troubleshooting Suggestions on page 58

Installation Best Practices

Chapter 6

Following SCSI Best Practices

Using a Serialattached SCSI Host Bus Adapter

LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide 57

Always follow SCSI best practices when installing an LTO-5 Half-Height Tape Drive to ensure trouble-free installation and operation.

To achieve the very best performance from your LTO-5 Half-Height Tape Drive and optimize your backup operations, always attach the drive to a serial-attached SCSI controller that supports 3 GBytes per sec. per port transfer rate.

Chapter 6 Troubleshooting Guide Troubleshooting Suggestions

HBA Preinstallation Checks

Before installing the HBA, check and record your current system configuration. For example:

In the . . . operating system,

Windows 2000 1 Double-clicking

UNIX/Linux Viewing the boot log text file.

Refer to your operating system documentation for specific information on reviewing your system configuration.

After installing the SCSI HBA, restart the system. Then, ensure that the operating system recognizes the HBA and that there are no conflicts with other adapters.

You can find information on any currently installed SCSI HBA by . . .

Administrative Tools in

the Control Panel

2Clicking

Manager

3 Clicking the SCSI host adapters listed

4Clicking

tab

Computer Management > Device

Properties to view the Resources

Troubleshooting Suggestions

If a problem occurs, the first step is to try to establish whether the problem lies with the cartridge, the drive, the host computer and connections, or the way the system is being operated.

Has the system just been installed?

There could be an installation problem:

1 Check through the information in the relevant installation chapter

of this guide (Chapter 2, Installation Procedures

58 LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Chapter 6 Troubleshooting Guide

Troubleshooting Suggestions

2 Has the system booted? If not, check that all hard disks are correctly

seated in the hard disk bay and then check the cabling between the disks and the SAS controller.

3 Does an error appear during the boot sequence about a change to

the RAID configuration? This error only appears if you have used the supplied cable to replace an existing SAS cable. Check the cabling between the disks and the SAS controller. If the problem persists, you have probably disconnected a hard disk drive bay that was in use.

4 Has the system booted but the operating system has not seen the

tape drive? Check that the drive has power, the READY light should be illuminated. If it is not, check that the power cord is connected correctly to the tape drive. If READY is illuminated, check the cabling between the tape drive and the SAS controller. Ensure that the HBA port to which the drive is connected is enabled. If an external drive was powered on after the server, power cycle the server.

5 Are appropriate Tape drivers as well as supported application

software installed on the host?

6 Check the environmental conditions against the specified limits (see

table 11

Table 11 Environmental Specifications for the LTO-5 Ta pe Dr i v e

Temperature Range Non-condensing humidity range

Operating

Storage

LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide 59

minimum of 8 CFM airflow

-40° to 151° F (-40° to 66° C) 10 to 95% RH (non-condensing)

50° to 95° F (10° to 40° C) at a

20 to 80% RH (non-condensing)

Chapter 6 Troubleshooting Guide Troubleshooting Suggestions

Are you using new cartridges or a different brand of cartridge? Have you been using the particular cartridge for a very long time?

The problem could lie with the cartridge:

1 Check through the Chapter 3, Operation

2 Check that you are using an Ultrium cartridge. Compatible media

can be recognized by the Ultrium logo, which is the same as the logo on the front of your drive.

3 Use the correct media type:

• Ultrium 3TB R/W or Ultrium 3TB WORM cartridges with LTO-5 tape drives

• Ultrium 1.6TB R/W or Ultrium 1.6TB WORM cartridges with LTO4 tape drives

• Ultrium 800 GB R/W or Ultrium 800 GB WORM cartridges with LTO- 3 tape dri ves

• Ultrium 400 GB R/W cartridges with LTO-2 tape drives

4 Has the cartridge been write-protected, see Write Protecting a Tape

Cartridge on page 29?

5 Clean the tape heads with the cleaning cartridge, see Cleaning the

Tape Drive on page 34. Make sure you are using the Ultrium

Universal cleaning cartridge, C7978A.

6 If the Ta p e LED is flashing, the cartridge is probably faulty. Try using

a different cartridge.

7 Try the operation again.

and table 3 on page 31.

8 If the problem still occurs and you have not yet replaced the

cartridge, try using a different cartridge.

9 If the problem is still there, the problem probably lies with the drive

or the host computer.

60 LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Chapter 6 Troubleshooting Guide

Troubleshooting Suggestions

Has the drive been moved recently? Have any cables been disconnected and reconnected? Has the environment changed—unusually hot, cold, damp or dry? Has there been dust or dirt near the drive. Have reasonable precautions against static been taken?

The problem could lie with the drive:

1 Check the cables and connectors.

2 Clean the tape heads with the cleaning cartridge.

3 If the problem persists, check the environmental conditions against

the specified limits, see table 11 to a more suitable site.

on page 59. Perhaps move the drive

Has a new operating system been installed in the host computer? Has new backup software been installed?

The problem could lie with the host or the software. Consult the computer's operating manuals, the software manual, or seek help from a service engineer.

LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide 61

Chapter 6 Troubleshooting Guide

Cartridge door

Encryption LED

Ready LED

Tape L E D

Drive LED

Clean LED

Eject button

Understanding LED Sequences

As shown in figure 18 (half-height) and figure 19 (full-height), the LTO-5 Tape Drive front panel display has five LED indicators that reflect the operating condition of the drive:

The LEDs are either on steady or blinking at different rates in various combinations to indicate the various drive conditions as shown in table

12.

Note: The tape drive LED table below (table 12) does not include the

Encryption LED. Refer to table 13 information.

Figure 18 Front Panel Display (Half-Height)

for encryption LED

62 LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Figure 19 Front Panel Display

Cartridge door

Eject button

Emergency reset button

Ready LED

Tape L E D

Drive LED

Clean LED

Encryption LED

(Full-Height)

Chapter 6 Troubleshooting Guide

Understanding LED Sequences

LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide 63

Chapter 6 Troubleshooting Guide Understanding LED Sequences

Table 12 Tape Drive LED Sequences

LED LED Sequence (Half-Height)

Sequence

(Full-Height) Cause Action Required

All LEDs OFF

Ready and Clean OFF, Drive and Tape FLASH

All LEDs OFF

Drive may not have power, may be faulty or may have been power cycled or reset during a firmware upgrade.

The drive has failed to execute power-on self test (POST).

Make sure the drive is switched on. The power on/ off switch on an external drive incorporates a green LED.

Check the power cord connection and replace the cable if necessary. On external drives, you can use the power cord from your monitor or another device to check that the connection is working.

If the power supply is present and all LEDs remain off, power cycle or reset the drive. If it still fails, call for service.

Power cycle or reset the drive.

If the error condition reappears, call for service.

Ready and

Clean OFF,

Drive and Tape

FLASH

64 LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide

LED Sequence (Half-Height)

Chapter 6 Troubleshooting Guide

Understanding LED Sequences

LED

Sequence

(Full-Height) Cause Action Required

Ready is ON.

Ready FLASHES.

Ready FLASHES fast.

Ready is ON.

Ready

FLASHES.

The drive is ready for operation.

The drive is carrying out a normal activity (read, write).

The drive is downloading firmware.

None. This is normal.

None. If the drive is upgrading

firmware, do not reset or power cycle it.

None. Do not reset or power cycle

the drive.

Ready

FLASHES fast.

LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide 65

Chapter 6 Troubleshooting Guide Understanding LED Sequences

LED LED Sequence (Half-Height)

Sequence

(Full-Height) Cause Action Required

Ready is OFF, others are ON

Clean FLASHES

Ready FLASHES and Clean is ON

Ready is OFF,

others are ON

Clean

FLASHES

Firmware is being reprogrammed.

None. Do not reset or power cycle the drive.

The drive requires cleaning. Load the Ultrium cleaning

cartridge, see Cleaning the

Tape Drive on page 34.

If the Clean LED is still flashing when you load a new or known good data cartridge after cleaning, call for service.

Cleaning is in progress. None. The cleaning cartridge

will eject on completion. The cleaning cycle can take

up to 5 minutes to complete.

Ready

FLASHES and

Clean is ON

66 LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide

LED Sequence (Half-Height)

Chapter 6 Troubleshooting Guide

Understanding LED Sequences

LED

Sequence

(Full-Height) Cause Action Required

Tape FLASHE S

The tape is ejected immediately and Tape FLASHE S , o r Drive FLASHES on unloading tape.

Tape FLASHES

The tape is

ejected

immediately

and Tape

FLASHES, or

Drive FLASHES

on unloading

tape.

The drive believes the current tape or the tape just ejected is faulty.

The tape cartridge memory (CM) may be faulty.

Unload the tape cartridge. Make sure that you are using the correct format cartridge; an Ultrium data cartridge or Ultrium Universal Cleaning Cartridge (see table 3

on page 31)

Reload the cartridge. If the Tape LED still flashes or starts flashing during the next backup, load a new or known good cartridge.

If the Tape LED is now off, discard the 'suspect' tape cartridge. If it is still on, call for service.

Write protect the cartridge by sliding the switch on the tape cartridge, see Write

Protecting a Tape Cartridge

on page 29. The tape can be loaded and the data read. Once the data is recovered, the cartridge must be discarded.

LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide 67

Chapter 6 Troubleshooting Guide Understanding LED Sequences

LED LED Sequence (Half-Height)

Sequence

(Full-Height) Cause Action Required

Drive FLASHES

Drive, Tape, and Ready FLASH

Drive FLASHES

Drive, Tape,

and Ready

FLASH

The drive mechanism has detected an error.

Load a new cartridge. If the error persists, power cycle or reset the drive.

If the Drive LED remains on, call for service.

There is a firmware download problem.

Insert a cartridge to clear the LED sequence. If the condition persists, call for service.

The drive has a firmware error. Power cycle or reset the

drive. Upgrade the firmware. If the condition persists, call for service.

Drive and Ready ON with Tape and Clean OFF. Alternates repeatedly.

68 LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Chapter 6 Troubleshooting Guide

Understanding LED Sequences

Encryption LED, LTO-5 Ta p e D r i v e

Table 13 Encryption LED States

The encryption LED can be blue or amber, as described in the following table. The state of the other LEDs depends upon the activity, as described below.

ON (blue or amber) – at power on OFF – drive is idle with no encryption key OFF with Ready LED flashing – drive is reading/writing unencrypted data or unloading cartridge ON (blue) - drive is idle with encryption key ON (blue) with Ready LED flashing – drive is reading/writing encrypted data Blue and Amber flashing alternately – encryption or decryption error

Encryption LED (Blue or Amber) State

On At power on

Off The drive is idle and there is no

encryption key.

Off with Ready LED flashing green.

The tape drive is reading/writing unencrypted data from another host or unloading a cartridge.

On (solid blue) The drive is idle but the

encryption key is loaded. The drive is ready to read/write encrypted data.

On (solid blue) with Ready LED flashing green

Alternate flashing, blue and amber

The drive is reading/writing encrypted data.

There is an encryption related error.This is cleared after unload executes or successful encryption/decryption resumes. See also “Encryption

troubleshooting” on page 71.

LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide 69

Chapter 6 Troubleshooting Guide Problems with cartridges

Note: The Encryption LED only functions if you are using backup

software that supports hardware encryption and this feature is enabled in the backup application. See http://www.hp.com/go/

connect for backup application compatibility.

Problems with cartridges

If you experience any problems using a tape cartridges, check:

• The cartridge case is intact and that it contains no splits, cracks or damage.

• The cartridge has been stored at the correct temperature and humidity. This prevents condensation. See the insert included with the tape cartridge for storage conditions.

• The write-protect switch is fully operational. It should move from side to side with a positive click.

• The World Wide Web site for more detailed troubleshooting information: http://www.quantum.com/support.

The cartridge is jammed If the cartridge is jammed or the backup application is unable to eject it,

you can force eject the cartridge.

1 Attempt a drive unload/eject operation from the backup software.

Many backup applications will issue a Prevent Media Removal (PMR) command to the drive robot in an attempt to prevent human interference during a backup job. If this occurs, the software that issued the PMR must be used to load and unload tapes.

2 Shut down backup software and, if in a Windows environment, stop

removable storage services.

3 Press the Eject button on the front of the tape drive.

Sometimes it is necessary to use the Eject button instead of software to unload a tape because software can lose

70 LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Chapter 6 Troubleshooting Guide

Problems with cartridges

communication with the product or a rogue application can prevent the software from unloading the tape.

Caution: This can take several minutes in many cases. Ensure

that drive activity has stopped before continuing on (waiting 10 minutes is a good rule of thumb). It is important that you allow sufficient time for the drive to complete rewinding the cartridge. If you interrupt it, you may damage the media or the tape drive.

4 Power down the drive.

5 Disconnect the data cable.

6 After at least 15 seconds, power the drive back up and wait till the

drive is idle/ready.

Caution: Use care when disconnecting data cables to ensure

that connectors are not reversed, pins are not bent, and so on.

Caution: Powering up with a cartridge in the drive can take

several minutes. It is important that you allow sufficient time for the drive to complete rewinding the cartridge. If you interrupt it, you may damage the media or the tape drive.

7 Ensure that drive activity has stopped (waiting 10 minutes after

power up is a good rule of thumb). Push the Eject button.

This step attempts to overcome unload issues due to the drive being in an abnormal state or because Prevent Media Removal has been incorrectly left on after being set by a rogue application.

8 Initiate a force eject or emergency unload operation by pressing and

holding the Eject button for 15 seconds. This step causes the drive to try everything possible to unload the tape.

Caution: You may lose data if you force eject a cartridge that is

in the middle of a backup. The tape may also become unreadable because an EOD (End of Data) mark may not be properly written.

LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide 71

Chapter 6 Troubleshooting Guide Encryption Troubleshooting

9 If the cartridge is still jammed, the tape drive has failed. Contact

customer support at http://www.quantum.com/support.

Encryption Troubleshooting

• Ensure that you are using an LTO-5 tape drive and Ultrium 3TB or

1.6TB media, respectively.

• Ensure that your software supports hardware encryption. It may be necessary to update the software. Consult your software vendor for more information.

• Ensure that the correct key or pass phrase has been entered.

• Ensure that your HBA supports the encryption commands. It may be necessary to update the firmware.

72 LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Installation Checklists

Use the following quick-start checklists to get your tape drive up and running as quickly as possible:

• Internal LTO-5 Tape Drive Quick Start

• Ta bletop LTO-5 Tape Dri v e Q u i c k S tart

Internal LTO-5 Tape Drive Quick Start

Use the following quick-start procedure to install the internal LTO-5 Tape Drive. Print this page and check each step as you complete it. If you need more information about a step, see the sebsection referenced in the step.

Appendix A



LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide 73

1 Unpack the contents of your drive package, and check for damaged items.

See Unpacking and Inspecting the Drive

2 Turn off your computer, remove its covers and power cable, and select a

mounting bay for the drive. See Installing the Internal LTO-5 Tape Drive

on page 7.

on page 8.

Appendix A Installation Checklists Tabletop LTO-5 Tape Drive Quick Start



3 Connect a serial-attached SCSI (SAS) interface cable to the drive.

See Connecting the Internal Half-Height Drive Interfaces

Connecting the Internal Full-Height Drive Interfaces

4 Replace the computer covers and AC power cable, turn on the computer, and

verify that the internal tape drive is operating properly.

Tabletop LTO-5 Tape Drive Quick Start

Use the following quick-start procedure to install tabletop LTO-5 Tape Drive. Print this page and check each step as you complete it. If you need more information about a step, see the subsection referenced in the step.



1 Unpack the contents of your drive package, and check for damaged items.

See Unpacking and Inspecting the Drive

2 Connect a serial-attached SCSI (SAS) interface cable to the drive.

See Connecting the Tabletop Half-Height Drive Interface and AC Power Cables page 15 and Connecting the Full-Height Tabletop Drive Interface and AC Power

Cables on page 17

on page 7.

on page 11 and

on page 13.



74 LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide

3 • Turn on the computer

• Turn on the tabletop tape drive

• Verify that the tabletop tape drive is operating properly.

Appendix B

Disposal of Electrical & Electronic

Equipment

This symbol on the LTO-5 Tape Drive or on its packaging indicates that the tape drive should not be disposed of with your other waste materials. Instead, it should be submitted to a designated collection point for the recycling of electrical and electronic equipment. The separate collection and recycling of your waste equipment at the time of disposal helps conserve natural resources and ensures that the equipment is recycled in a manner

that protects human health and the environment.

For more information about properly disposing of your waste equipment for recycling, please contact your local government authority, your household waste disposal service, or the business from which you purchased the product.

LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide 75

Appendix B Disposal of Electrical & Electronic Equipment

76 LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide

This appendix identifies the he LTO-5 Tape Drive regulatory compliances. The topics include:

• Safety Compliances

• Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Compliances on page 78

Safety Compliances

Appendix C

Regulatory Compliances

The LTO-5 Tape Drives are safety compliant with the following regulatory codes in the countries indicated:

Country Regulatory Organization Compliant to:

Canada Canadian Standards Association

(CSA)

EU member nations Comité Europèen de Normalisation

Electrotechnique – the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC)

LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide 77

UL/CSA 60950-1

EN 60950-1, 1st edition

Appendix C Regulatory Compliances Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Compliances

Country Regulatory Organization Compliant to:

IECEE member nations*

Taiwan BSMI BSMI certification, CNS

United States Underwriters Laboratories (UL) UL/CSA 60950-1

* IECEE member nations include: Argentina, Austria, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China (PR), Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, (South) Korea, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russian Federation, Serbia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, and USA.

International Electrotechnical Commission on Electrical Equipment (IECEE) for Mutual Recognition of Test Certificates for Electrical Equipment “CB Scheme”

CB Scheme per IEC 60950-1 with details and exceptions for each member country

14336

Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Compliances

The LTO-5 Tape Drives are EMC compliant with the following regulatory organizations and codes in the countries indicated:

Country Regulatory Organization Compliant to:

Australia Australian Communications and

Media Authority (ACMA)

Canada Industry Canada Digital Apparatus -

Interference-Causing Equipment Standard (ICES-003)

EU member nations CE Emissions per CISPR

78 LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide

AS/NZS 3548 (same as CISPR 22)

ICES-003 Digital Apparatus

22, EN55022 and Immunity per CISPR 24, EN55024

Appendix C Regulatory Compliances

Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Compliances

Country Regulatory Organization Compliant to:

Israel SII CISPR 22 and CISPR 24

Japan Voluntary Control Council for

VCCI

Interface (VCCI)

New Zealand Australian Communications and

Media Authority (ACMA)

AS/NZS 3548 (same as CISPR 22)

South Korea MIC CISPR 22 and CISPR 24

Taiwan Bureau of Commodity Inspection

and Quarantine (BSMI)

BSMI EMC certification, CNS 14338

United States Federal Communications

Commission (FCC)

Title 47: Code of Federal Regulations, Part 15, Subpart B (47CFR15B)

Note: Use the LTO-5 Tape Drive only in equipment where the

combination has been determined to be suitable by an appropriate certification organization (for example, Underwriters Laboratories Inc. or the Canadian Standards Association in North America).

Also consider the following safety points:

• Install the drive in an enclosure that limits the user’s access to live parts, gives adequate system stability and provides the necessary grounding for the drive.

• Provide the correct voltages (+5 VDC and +12 VDC) based on the regulation applied—Extra Low Voltage (SEC) for UL and CSA, and Safety Extra Low Voltage for BSI and VDE (if applicable)..

LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide 79

Appendix C Regulatory Compliances Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Compliances

80 LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide

Index

best practices 57

cartridge memory, description 3

cartridges

care and maintenance ejecting loading 28 specifications 55 unloading write-protecting 29

cautions, internal drives chassis, description 3

data buffer 39

data buffering, description

data compression

considerations 42 description 4

intelligent

data integrity

error-correction code servo-tracking faults 41

data transfer rate

description 4 variable-speed 4

drive performance specifications

ejecting a cartridge 28 environmental requirements 52

error-correction code

features 3

front panel display

guidelines, handling and

installation

handling precautions 6

head positioner, description

injected noise 53 inspecting the drive 7

installation guidelines

installation instructions

internal drives 8 preinstallation requirements 7 tabletop drives 15

Installing the LTO driver

internal drives 19

intelligent data compression

description

interface, description

Internal drives

installing the LTO drive 19

internal drives

LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide 81

Index

guidelines and cautions 6 installation instructions 8 quick-start checklist

layout of track 37

loading a cartridge

mean time between failures 54

method of recording

native data transfer rate,

description

read channel, description 4

recording method

regulatory compliance reliability 53

RISC processor, description

servo-tracking faults 41

SmartVeirfy, description

specifications

drive performance 50 environmental requirements

injected noise 53 LTO cartridge 55 mean time between failures physical 45 regulatory compliance 77 reliability

supported platforms

variable-speed data transfer,

description 4

write-protecting a cartridge 29

overview 1

physical specifications 45

platforms, supported

preinstallation requirements

quick-start checklist

internal drives tabletop drives 74

82 LTO-5 Tape Drive User’s Guide

tabletop drives

installation instructions 15 quick-start checklist

tape picking, description

TapeAlert

description 4

track layout

troubleshooting

unloading a cartridge 28 unpacking the drive 7

Quantum LTO-5 TAPE DRIVE, LTO-5 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

Contents

Figures

Ta b l e s

Preface

Overview

Introduction

Drive Models

Internal The internal model (see figure 1 for the half-height model and figure 2

Ta ble top The tabletop model is a 5¼-inch drive that is already mounted inside a

Features

Installation Procedures

Before Installing the LTO-5 Tape Drive

Handling Precautions and Installation Guidelines

Preinstallation Requirements

Unpacking and Inspecting the Drive

Installing the Internal LTO-5 Tape Drive

Installing the Internal LTO-5 Half-Height Tape Drive

Installing the Internal LTO-5 Full-Height Tape Drive

Installing the Tabletop LTO-5 Tape Drive

Installing the Tabletop LTO-5 Half-Height Tape Drive

Installing the Tabletop LTO-5 Full-Height Tape Drive

Installing the LTO Driver Software

Operation

Understanding the Front Panel Display

Using LTO Tape Cartridges

Loading a Tape Cartridge

Unloading a Tape Cartridge

Write Protecting a Tape Cartridge

Tape Cartridge Care and Maintenance

Data Cartridges

WORM Data Cartridges

LTO-5 Tape Drives and Partitioning

LTO-5 Tape Drives and Encryption

When should I use encryption?

How do I enable encryption?

When will I be asked to enter the key?

What happens if I don't remember the key?

Does encryption affect tape drive performance?

Does the tape drive encrypt media in an earlier Ultrium format?

Cleaning the Tape Drive

Performing an Emergency Cartridge Eject

Theory

Track L ayout

Recording Method

Data Buffer

Data Integrity

Error-correction Code (ECC)

Data Compression

Servo-tracking Faults During a write operation, if the servo system detects an error that may

Data Compression Considerations

Intelligent Data Compression

Specifications

Physical Specifications

Power Specifications

Drive Performance Specifications

Environmental Requirements

Injected Noise Specifications

Reliability Specifications

Mean Time Between Failures

Mean time to replace

LTO Cartridge Specifications

Environmental Considerations

Cartridge Memory Each Ultrium 1, 2, and 3 cartridge has 4 Kbytes of nonvolatile memory:

Cartridge Reliability After 5,000 load/eject cycles, replace the cartridge to insure data

Troubleshooting Guide

Installation Best Practices

Following SCSI Best Practices

HBA Preinstallation Checks

Troubleshooting Suggestions

Understanding LED Sequences

Encryption LED, LTO-5 Ta p e D r i v e

Problems with cartridges

The cartridge is jammed If the cartridge is jammed or the backup application is unable to eject it,

Encryption Troubleshooting

Installation Checklists

Internal LTO-5 Tape Drive Quick Start