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Quantum LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide, P/N 50002764, B01, July 2005
Made in USA.
Quantum Corporation provides this publication “as is” without warranty of any kind, either express or
implied, including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular
purpose. Quantum Corporation may revise this publication from time to time without notice.
COPYRIGHT STATEMENT
Copyright 2005 by Quantum Corporation. All rights reserved.
Your right to copy this manual is limited by copyright law. Making copies or adaptations without prior
written authorization of Quantum Corporation is prohibited by law and constitutes a punishable violation of
the law.
TRADEMARK STATEMENT
Quantum and the Quantum logo are all registered trademarks of Quantum Corporation.
Other trademarks may be mentioned herein which belong to other companies.
Contents
Preface xi
Chapter 1 Overview, Unpacking Instructions and Quick Start 1
Overview.............................................................................................................1
Drive Configurations..................................................................................2
Features ........................................................................................................ 2
Unpacking and Inspection................................................................................3
Quick Start Guide .............................................................................................4
Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive Quick Start ...................................................4
Desktop LTO-3 Tape Drive Quick Start .................................................. 5
Internal Tape Drive Guidelines and Cautions............................................... 5
Chapter 2 Installation 7
Drive Installation Instructions .........................................................................7
Installing an Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive ........................................................ 8
Configuring an LVD Drive........................................................................ 8
Mounting the Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive............................................. 11
Connector Detail .......................................................................................12
ADI Free Cable Connector....................................................................... 13
LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide iii
Contents
Connecting a SCSI Cable..........................................................................14
Checking the SCSI Termination..............................................................15
Connecting a Serial Cable for Tape Libraries........................................16
Bus Composition .......................................................................................17
Connecting a Power Cable.......................................................................18
Installing the LTO Driver.........................................................................18
Registering Your Tape Drive...................................................................18
Installing a Desktop LTO-3 Tape Drive ........................................................18
Setting the SCSI ID....................................................................................19
Connecting a SCSI Cable..........................................................................19
Checking the SCSI Termination..............................................................20
Connecting a Power Cord........................................................................21
Installing the LTO Driver.........................................................................21
Registering Your Tape Drive...................................................................21
Chapter 3 Operation 23
Understanding the Front Panel Display .......................................................24
Blink Codes .......................................................................................................25
Using LTO Cartridges......................................................................................26
Loading a Cartridge..................................................................................26
Unloading a Cartridge..............................................................................26
Write-protecting a Cartridge ...................................................................27
Cartridge Care and Maintenance............................................................28
Drive Maintenance...........................................................................................28
Cleaning the Tape Drive ..........................................................................29
Parking the Drive for Shipping ......................................................................30
Using the Load/Unload Button to Park the Drive...............................30
Using Software to Park the Drive ...........................................................30
Chapter 4 Theory 31
Track Layout .....................................................................................................31
Recording Method............................................................................................33
Data Buffer ........................................................................................................33
Data Integrity....................................................................................................33
Error-correction Code (ECC)...................................................................34
Servo-tracking Faults................................................................................35
iv LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide
Contents
Data Compression............................................................................................35
Data Compression Considerations.........................................................36
Intelligent Data Compression ................................................................. 37
Chapter 5 Specifications 39
Physical Specifications ....................................................................................40
Power Specifications........................................................................................42
Drive Performance Specifications..................................................................43
Environmental Requirements ........................................................................44
Injected Noise............................................................................................ 45
Reliability ..........................................................................................................45
Mean Time Between Failures......................................................................... 46
Mean Time to Replace.............................................................................. 47
LTO Cartridge Specifications......................................................................... 47
Environmental Considerations...............................................................47
Cartridge Memory....................................................................................48
Cartridge Reliability................................................................................. 48
Regulatory Compliance ..................................................................................48
Safety Compliance ....................................................................................48
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) .................................................. 50
Disposal of Electrical and Electronic Equipment .......................................51
Chapter 6 UNIX Settings 53
A Word About SCSI Controllers....................................................................54
Configuring for the DEC/Compaq UNIX Environment ...........................54
Finding Existing SCSI Controllers and Devices ................................... 54
Configuring Digital UNIX Version 4.0 and later/Compaq
Tru64 Unix 5.x.................................................................................... 54
Configuring for the Sun Environment (Solaris 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 7, 8, and 9)... 55
Finding Current SCSI Controllers and Targets ....................................55
Types of Controllers .................................................................................56
Configuring the Device File st.conf........................................................ 56
Configuring for the IBM AIX Environment (AIX Version 4.1.x
and later) .................................................................................................... 58
Finding Existing SCSI Controllers and Devices ................................... 58
Configuring the LTO-3 Tape Drives using SMIT.................................58
Configuring for SCO Open Server 5.0.x ...................................................... 59
LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide v
Contents
Finding Existing SCSI Controllers and Devices ...................................59
Configuring the LTO-3 Tape Drive with mkdev..................................60
Configuring for Linux......................................................................................61
Finding Existing SCSI Controllers and Devices ...................................61
Using the LTO-3 Tape Drive ...................................................................62
Configuring for SGI Irix ..................................................................................63
Finding Current SCSI Controllers and Targets.....................................63
Modifying the IRIX Configuration File..................................................63
Configuring for HP-UX 11.0 ...........................................................................64
Finding Current Hardware/Driver Configuration..............................64
Attaching the LTO-3 Tape Drive ............................................................64
Chapter 7 Troubleshooting Guide 67
Installation Best Practices................................................................................67
Follow SCSI Best Practices.......................................................................67
SCSI Host Bus Adapters (HBA) ..............................................................67
Adding the Tape Drive.............................................................................68
Troubleshooting Suggestions .........................................................................69
Computer will not Boot............................................................................69
Computer Boots but Does Not Recognize the Tape Drive..................69
Tape Drive Recognized During System Boot But Not by
Operating System or Application....................................................71
Problems with Tape Drive and Cartridge .............................................72
Emergency Reset and Emergency Cartridge Eject...............................75
Problems During Backup/Restore Operations ....................................75
Index 81
vi LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide
Figures
Figure 1 Typical Internal and Desktop Configurations ......................... 2
Figure 2 Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive Jumper Settings.............................9
Figure 3 Acceptable Mounting Orientations .........................................11
Figure 4 Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive Mounting Dimensions ............ 12
Figure 5 ADI Fixed Board Connector ..................................................... 13
Figure 6 ADI Free Cable Connector ........................................................14
Figure 7 Rear View of the Internal LTO-3 Tape drive ....................... 15
Figure 8 Two SCSI Termination Examples for the Internal LTO-3
Tape Drive .................................................................................. 16
Figure 9 Switches and Connectors on the Back of the Desktop
LTO-3 Tape Drive....................................................................... 19
Figure 10 SCSI Termination Examples for the Desktop LTO-3
Tape Drive .................................................................................. 20
Figure 11 Generic Front Panel Display .................................................... 24
Figure 12 Ultrium Cartridge Showing Write-Protect Switch................ 27
Figure 13 Layout of the Tracks on LTO Ultrium Tapes ........................ 32
Figure 14 Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive Dimensions..................................41
LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide vii
Figures
viii LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide
Tables
Table 1 ISCSI IDs and Jumper Settings for an Internal LTO-3
Tape Drive.....................................................................................9
Table 2 Serial Interface Connector Pin Assignments (LTO-3)........... 16
Table 3 ADT Bus Connections................................................................ 17
Table 4 LTO-3 Tape Drive Blink Codes ................................................ 25
Table 5 Physical Specifications...............................................................40
Table 6 Voltage and Current .................................................................. 42
Table 7 Power Dissipation ...................................................................... 42
Table 8 Drive Performance Specifications............................................43
Table 9 Environmental Requirements................................................... 44
Table 10 Reliability.....................................................................................46
Table 11 Environmental Tolerances ........................................................ 47
LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide ix
Tables
x LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide
Preface
The LTO-3 Tape Drive is a high-performance 16-channel tape drive that
complies with the LTO interchange specifications. The drive is suited for
mid-range to high-end servers, mainframe systems, and tape library
automation systems.
Audience This document was written for users of the LTO-3 Tape Drive.
Purpose This document provides information about the LTO-3 Tape Drive
including:
• Installation
• Unpacking
• Basic library operations
• Specifications
•UNIX Settings
• Troubleshooting
LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide xi
Preface
Document
Organization
This User’s Guide describes how to install, configure, and care for the
LTO-3 desktop and internal tape drives. Please read the appropriate
chapters and appendixes carefully, and keep this Guide handy for future
reference.
• Chapter 1,
Overview, Unpacking Instructions and Quick Start
provides on overview of LTO-3 Tape Drive and its features as well as
handling precautions and unpacking tips. It provides quick-start
instructions for getting the drives up and running in the shortest
possible time.
• Chapter 2,
Installation provides installation instructions for the
internal and desktop drives. It provides a summary of cabling and
connector specifications.
• Chapter 3,
Operation explains the use and operation of the drive and
describes maintenance procedures, including drive “parking.”
• Chapter 4,
Theory describes the theory of operation behind the
drives, including the technology used in various drive components.
• Chapter 5,
Specifications contains detailed drive and cartridge
specifications, as well as a summary of regulatory approvals and
WEEE Compliance statement.
• Chapter 6,
• Chapter 7,
UNIX Settings describes the settings for Unix systems.
Troubleshooting Guide provides troubleshooting
procedures you can follow in the unlikely event you encounter a
problem with your drive.
This document concludes with a detailed index.
Notational
This manual uses the following conventions:
Conventions
Note: Notes emphasize important information related to the main
topic.
Tech Tip: Tech Tips provide technical information which may be
helpful in performing the procedure.
xii LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide
Preface
Caution: Cautions indicate potential hazards to equipment and are
included to prevent damage to equipment.
Warning: Warnings indicate potential hazards to personal safety and
are included to prevent injury.
Related
Documents
Contacts Quantum company contacts are listed below.
Refer to the appropriate product manuals for information about your
tape drive and cartridges.
SCSI-2 Specification
The SCSI-2 communications specification is the proposed American
National Standard for information systems, dated March 9, 1990. Copies
may be obtained from:
Global Engineering Documents
15 Inverness Way, East
Englewood, CO 80112
(800) 854-7179 or (303) 397-2740
Quantum Corporate Headquarters
To order documentation on the LTO-3 Tape Drive or other products
contact:
Quantum Corporation
P.O. Box 57100
Irvine, CA 92619-7100
(949) 856-7800
(800) 284-5101
0
0
LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide xiii
Preface
Technical Publications 0
To comment on existing documentation send e-mail to:
doc-comments@quantum.com
Quantum Home Page 0
Visit the Quantum home page at:
www.quantum.com
Customer Support 0
The Quantum Customer Support Department provides a 24-hour help
desk that can be reached at:
North/South America: (949) 725-2100 or (800) 284-5101
Asia/Pacific Rim: (International Code) + 61 7 3839 0988
Europe/Middle East/Africa: (International Code) + 44 (0) 1256 848748
Send faxes for the Customer Support Department to:
North/South America: (949) 725-2176
Asia/Pacific Rim: (International Code) + 61 7 3839 0955
Europe/Middle East/Africa: (International Code) + 44 (0) 1256 848777
Send e-mail for the Customer Support Department to:
Asia/Pacific Rim: apachelp@quantum.com
Europe/Middle East/Africa: eurohelp@quantum.com
Visit our web site:
www.quantum.com/support
xiv LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 1
1Overview, Unpacking
Instructions and Quick Start
This chapter provides an overview of this product and a quick start
guide. It also discusses unpacking and inspection considerations.
Topics covered in this chapter are:
• Overview
• Internal Tape Drive Guidelines and Cautions
• Quick Start Guide
• Internal Tape Drive Guidelines and Cautions
Overview 1
The LTO-3 is a high-performance 16-channel tape drive that complies
with the LTO interchange specifications. The drive is suited for midrange to high-end servers, mainframe systems, and tape library
automation systems.
The LTO-3 Tape Drive uses Ultrium data cartridges. Its capacity is
maximized using intelligent data compression. The drive has a native
capacity of 400 Gbytes (800 Gbytes assuming 2:1 data compression).
LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 1
Chapter 1 Overview, Unpacking Instructions and Quick Start
Overview
Drive Configurations
Figure 1 Typical
Internal and Desktop
Configurations
The LTO-3 Tape Drive has a 5¼-inch, full-height form factor, with
automatic electromechanical cartridge soft load. The drive is available as
1
an internal and a desktop drive.
• Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive fits in a 5¼-inch full-height drive bay.
• Desktop LTO-3 Tape Drive is a stand-alone unit with a built-in power
supply.
Features 1 The following list summarizes the key features of the LTO-3 Tape Drive.
•Performance
• Up to 68 Mbytes-per-second native transfer.
• 13-Speed Transfer matches tape drive speed to that of the host —
optimizes data transfers, resulting in shorter backup times and
increased reliability.
• Two convenient form-factors:
• 5¼-inch internal form-factor for installation in a 5¼-inch half-
height space.
• External desktop form-factor.
2 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 1 Overview, Unpa cking Instructions and Quick Start
Unpacking and Inspection
• Intelligent data compression maximizes performance and capacity by
analyzing compressibility prior to recording.
• Cartridge memory enables fast loading of cartridges and stores
pertinent information about the media.
• 128-Mbyte data buffer for high-performance.
• Tape Alert drive performance monitoring and reporting.
• Third generation read channel for increased maturity and data
integrity.
• Patented head positioner for increased data integrity.
• Shock damped isolated chassis.
• MediaShield increases media life through managed airflow dynamics
with isolated HTI chamber.
• SmartVerify includes two levels of ECC for extra data safety and
protection from errors.
• Reliable tape picking implementation for increased reliability.
• Custom-designed LSI circuitry for fast, efficient data processing.
• RISC processors for fast, efficient data processing.
• Supports a wide variety of UNIX platforms
Unpacking and Inspection 1
Although drives are inspected and carefully packaged at the factory,
damage may occur during shipping. Follow these steps for unpacking the
drive.
1 Visually inspect the shipping containers and notify your carrier
immediately of any damage.
2 Place shipping containers on a flat, clean, stable surface; then
carefully remove the contents. If the equipment is damaged, notify
your Quantum representative.
3 Always save the containers and packing materials for any future
reshipment.
LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 3
Chapter 1 Overview, Unpacking Instructions and Quick Start
Quick Start Guide
Quick Start Guide 1
Use the following quick-start instructions to get your tape drive up and
running as quickly as possible.
Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive Quick Start
1 Unpack the contents of your drive package, and check for damaged items.
See Internal Tape Drive Guidelines and Cautions
2 Review the drive’s default settings and change them if necessary:
• SCSI ID: 6
• Terminator Power: Disabled
See Configuring an LVD Drive
3 Turn off your computer, remove its covers and power cable, and select a mounting bay
for the drive.
See Mounting the Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive
4 Connect a SCSI interface cable to the drive.
See Connecting a SCSI Cable
5 Terminate the SCSI bus if the internal tape drive is the last device on the SCSI bus.
See Checking the SCSI Termination
6 Connect a serial cable, if connecting the tape drive to a tape library.
See Connecting a Serial Cable for Tape Libraries
Use the following procedure to install the internal LTO-3 Tape Drive.
Print the page and check each step as you complete it. If you need more
information about a step, turn to the section referenced in the step.
1
on page 5.
on page 8.
on page 11.
on page 14.
on page 15.
on page 16.
7 Connect a power cable to the drive.
4 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide
See Bus Composition
8 Replace the computer covers and power cable, turn on the computer, and verify that
the internal tape drive is operating properly.
9 Register your tape drive.
See Registering Your Tape Drive
on page 17.
on page 18.
Chapter 1 Overview, Unpa cking Instructions and Quick Start
Internal Tape Drive Guidelines and Cautions
Desktop LTO-3 Tape Drive Quick Start
1 Unpack the contents of your drive package, and check for damaged items.
See Internal Tape Drive Guidelines and Cautions
2 Review the drive’s default settings and change them if necessary:
• SCSI ID: 6
See Setting the SCSI ID
3 Connect a SCSI interface cable to the drive.
See Connecting a SCSI Cable
4 Check the SCSI termination.
See Checking the SCSI Termination
5 Connect a power cable to the drive.
See Connecting a Power Cord
6 Turn on the computer, turn on the desktop tape drive, and verify that the desktop tape
drive is operating properly.
7 Register your tape drive.
See Registering Your Tape Drive
Use the following procedure to install the desktop LTO-3 Tape Drive.
Print the page and check each step as you complete it. If you need more
information about a step, turn to the section referenced in the step.
1
on page 5.
on page 19.
on page 19.
on page 20.
on page 21.
on page 21.
Internal Tape Drive Guidelines and Cautions 1
The following guidelines and cautions apply to handling and installing
internal tape drives. Keep them in mind as you install the drive.
• Handle the drive by the sides rather than by the top cover to reduce
the risk of dropping the drive or damaging it during installation.
• Internal drives contain some exposed components that are sensitive
to static electricity. To reduce possible damage from static discharge,
the drives are shipped in a protective antistatic bag. Do not remove
the drive from the antistatic bag until you are ready to install it.
LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 5
Chapter 1 Overview, Unpacking Instructions and Quick Start
Internal Tape Drive Guidelines and Cautions
• Before you remove the drive from the antistatic bag, touch a metal or
grounded surface to discharge any static electricity buildup from
your body.
• Always lay the drive either on top of the antistatic bag or place it
inside of the bag to reduce possible damage from static discharge.
• Install LVD drives only in an LVD environment. Do not mix HVD
and LVD devices on the same SCSI bus.
• Due to the speed of the LTO-3 Tape Drive, it is recommended that a
maximum of one LTO-3 Tape Drive be connected to one host SCSI
adapter.
6 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 2
2Installation
This chapter explains how to install the internal and desktop LTO-3 Tape
Drives.
Topics covered in this chapter are:
• Installing an Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive
• Installing a Desktop LTO-3 Tape Drive
Drive Installation Instructions 2
After unpacking and inspecting your shipping containers and reviewing
the installation guidelines and cautions, proceed to the appropriate
section in this chapter for instructions on installing your LTO-3 Tape
Drive.
• Installing an Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive
• Installing a Desktop LTO-3 Tape Drive
LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 7
.
on page 18.
Chapter 2 Installation
Installing an Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive
Installing an Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive 2
Installing an internal LTO-3 Tape Drive with an Ultra 160 SCSI LVD
interface involves the following steps:
1 Configuring an LVD Drive
2 Mounting the Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive on page 11
Configuring an LVD Drive
3 Connecting a SCSI Cable
4 Checking the SCSI Termination
5 Connecting a Serial Cable for Tape Libraries
6 Bus Composition
7 Registering Your Tape Drive
Before you install the LVD tape drive in your computer, you may need to
configure the drive’s SCSI ID and terminator power features. The default
2
configuration settings for the LTO-3 Tape Drive is:
• SCSI ID: 6
• Terminator power: disabled
If you need to change these settings, refer to the following sections.
Otherwise, proceed to Mounting the Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive
SCSI ID
Jumper Pins: 1–2, 3–4, 5–6, 7–8
Default Setting: SCSI ID 6
on page 17
on page 14
on page 15
on page 16
on page 18
.
2
Each SCSI device on the bus must have its own unique SCSI ID. The
internal tape drive is shipped with a default SCSI ID of 6. If another SCSI
device in the SCSI chain is using this ID, use jumper pins 1–2, 3–4, 5–6,
8 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide
Figure 2 Internal
LTO-3 Tape Drive
Jumper Settings
Chapter 2 Installation
Installing an Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive
and 7–8 to change the SCSI ID of the LTO-3 Tape Drive (see table 1 and
table 2
), or assign a unique SCSI ID to the other SCSI device.
Note: The SCSI controller or host adapter generally uses ID 7. In
some systems, the boot drive uses ID 0 or ID 1. Avoid setting
your drive’s SCSI ID to these settings.
Drive Configuration Jumpers Pins
Table 1 ISCSI IDs
and Jumper Settings
for an Internal LTO-3
Tape Drive
Default
Settings:
Pins: Function
1-2 SCSI ID bit 0
3-4 SCSI ID bit 1
5-6 SCSI ID bit 2
7-8 SCSI ID bit 3
9-10 Reserved
11-12 Termination Power
Drive Configuration
Jumpers Pins
:
Jumper Settings
SCSI ID=0
SCSI ID=1
SCSI ID=2
SCSI ID=3
SCSI ID=4
SCSI ID=5
SCSI ID=6
SCSI ID=7
Jumpers
SCSI ID
1–2 3–4 5–6 7–8
0 Open Open Open Open
1 Shunted Open Open Open
SCSI ID=8
SCSI ID=9
SCSI ID=10
SCSI ID=11
SCSI ID=12
SCSI ID=13
SCSI ID=14
SCSI ID=15
Term. power
LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 9
Chapter 2 Installation
Installing an Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive
Jumpers
SCSI ID
1–2 3–4 5–6 7–8
2 Open Shunted Open Open
3 Shunted Shunted Open Open
4 Open Open Shunted Open
5 Shunted Open Shunted Open
6 (default) Open Shunted Shunted Open
8 Open Open Open Shunted
9 Shunted Open Open Shunted
10 Open Shunted Open Shunted
11 Shunted Shunted Open Shunted
12 Open Open Shunted Shunted
13 Shunted Open Shunted Shunted
14 Open Shunted Shunted Shunted
15 Shunted Shunted Shunted Shunted
Terminator Power 2
By default, terminator power is disabled on the internal LTO-3 Tape
Drive. To enable terminator power, place a jumper across pins 11 and 12.
Note: The internal LTO-3 Tape Drive does not provide SCSI
termination. Thus, a terminator must be installed on the drive
if it is the last device in a SCSI chain.
10 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 2 Installation
Installing an Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive
Mounting the Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive
Figure 3 Acceptable
Mounting Orientations
You can mount the internal LTO-3 Tape Drive either horizontally or
vertically, with the drive’s left side facing up (see figure 3
2
If you mount the drive:
).
• Vertically the left side of the drive must face up and the side of the
drive should be within 5 degrees of horizontal.
• Horizontally, the base of the drive must be within 15 degrees of
horizontal and the drive must not be upside down.
Yes Yes No No
Mount the drive in a 5.25-inch, full-height drive bay and secure it using
two M3.0 X 5 metric screws on each side of the drive. Do not use screws
longer than 5 mm or you may damage the drive. Figure 4
shows the
locations of the mounting-screw holes on the side and bottom of the
drive, respectively.
LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 11
Chapter 2 Installation
Installing an Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive
Figure 4 Internal
LTO-3 Tape Drive
Mounting Dimensions
55.9
212.0 Max.
(Less connectors)
79.24 ± 0.20
84.3
48.90 ± 0.60
From Upper Bezel
Mounting Tabs
147.8
48.90 ± 0.60
From Upper Bezel
Mounting Tabs
4 x M3.0 Nearside
4 x M3.0 Farside
205.0 Max.
Length of Drive
without Bezel
(Less connectors)
4 x M3.0 x 5.0 Deep
79.24 ± 0.20
21.80 ± 0.20
82.6 Max
9.90 ± 0.20
189.70 ± 0.20
146.05 ± 0.25
Connector Detail 2 Two connectors are specified, a fixed board connector and a free cable
connector.
ADI Fixed Board Connector
The fixed board connector (see figure 5) is intended to be attached to a
circuit board in a removable medium device. It may also be used in the
automation device containing the removable medium device. The
attachment of the connector to the circuit board that is, surface mount or
through-hole) is beyond the scope of this standard. The location of the
12 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide
2
Figure 5 ADI Fixed
Board Connector
Chapter 2 Installation
Installing an Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive
connector in a removable medium or automation device is beyond the
scope of this standard.
ADI Free Cable Connector
The free cable connector is intended to mate with the fixed board
connector (see figure 6
2
LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 13
).
Chapter 2 Installation
Installing an Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive
Figure 6 ADI Free
Cable Connector
When the ADI free cable connector is used on both ends of a cable, likenumbered pins shall be connected together, that is, pin 1 on end A is
wired to pin 1 on end B, pin 2 on end A to pin 2 on end B, and so forth.
Connecting a SCSI Cable
The internal LTO-3 Tape Drive has an Ultra 160 SCSI interface,
terminated by a 68-pin LVD SCSI connector. Use the following procedure
2
to connect a SCSI cable to this connector.
1 Turn off all power to the drive and the computer.
2 Attach the SCSI interface cable to the 68-pin SCSI interface connector
on the back of the drive (see figure 7
14 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide
).
Figure 7 Rear View of
the Internal LTO-3
Tape drive
Chapter 2 Installation
Installing an Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive
Pin 1
Power
Serial Library
Port
68-pin SCSI
connector
Drive configuration
jumper pins
connector
Caution: Install an LVD drive only in an LVD environment.
Checking the SCSI Termination
The Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive does not provide SCSI termination. You
must place a SCSI bus terminator or a SCSI device with termination
2
enabled at the end of the SCSI chain. Two examples of SCSI termination
are shown in figure 8
.
The Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive provides terminator power if a jumper is
placed on the termination power jumper pins (see Terminator Power
).
LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 15
Chapter 2 Installation
Installing an Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive
Figure 8 Two SCSI
T ermination Examples
for the Internal LTO-3
Tape Drive
Tape drive
(no
termination)
SCSI device
(termination
disabled)
SCSI Terminator
SCSI device
(termination
enabled)
Tape drive
(no
termination)
Connecting a Serial Cable for Tape Libraries
Table 2 Serial
Interface Connector
Pin Assignments
(LTO-3)
SCSI Controller
(termination enabled)
SCSI Controller
(termination enabled)
The internal LTO-3 Tape Drive includes an RS-422 serial interface for tape
libraries. This connector is an in-line shrouded and keyed 10-pin 2 mm
connector. It is located on the lower left side of the back of the drive (see
2
figure 7
). Table 2 shows the pin descriptions for the serial interface
connector.
Pin Number Description Pin Number Description
1
2
3
4
5
+Txa - Rx
-Txa - Rx
Ground
-Txd - Rx
+Txd - Rx
d
d
6
7
8
a
a
9
10
Sense
Sense
Reset
Signal
Sense
d
a
a
aux
aux
16 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 2 Installation
Installing an Internal LTO-3 Tape Drive
Bus Composition 2 Table 3 defines the connections that make up the ADT bus. With the
exception of Sense
connections only when an initiator port asserts Sense
asserts Sense
Table 3 ADT Bus
Connections
and Sensed this standard defines the behavior of these
a
.
d
and the target port
a
Connection
Name O/M
Reset
Sense
Sense
Sense
Signal
Tx
- Rx
a
a
a
aux
d
aux
d
O Signal automation
M Sense automation
O Sense A vendor unique sense connection. This
M Sense DTD port An automation device shall use this
O Signal A vendor unique signal connection. This
M Tx-Rx automation
Connection
Type Driven By Connection Definition
An automation device may use this
port
connection to signal a reset request to a data
transfer device. A data transfer device shall
treat the receipt of a signal on this connection
as a port logout
A data transfer device shall use this
port
connection to sense the presence or absence of
an automation device on the ADT bus.
standard does not define the use of this
connection.
connection to sense the presence or absence of
a data transfer device on the ADT bus.
standarddoes not define the use of this
connection.
An automation device shall use this
port
connection to send serialized data. A data
transfer device shall receive serialized data on
this connection.
Tx
d
- Rx
a
M Tx-Rx DTD port A data transfer device shall use this
connection to send serialized data. An
automation device shall receive serialized
data on this connection.
LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 17
Chapter 2 Installation
Installing a Desktop LTO-3 Tape Drive
Connecting a Power Cable
Installing the LTO Driver
Registering Your Tape Drive
Attach a four-pin power cable to the power connector on the back of the
drive. Figure 7
2
The recommended 4-pin power connector for internal drives is an AMP
1-48024-0 housing with AMP 60617-1 pins or equivalent.
If you intend to use your drive with the Microsoft native backup applet
on Windows Server 2003, Windows XP, or Microsoft Windows 2000
2
operating system, install the appropriate LTO driver. See the Resource
CD.
This driver is not necessary with commercial backup application
software.
After you install the internal tape drive, be sure to register it. Registering
your drive ensures that you will receive the latest information about your
2
drive, as well as other product, service, and support information. For
your convenience, you can register your drive through our Web site at
www.quantum.com/registration
shows the location of the power connector.
.
Installing a Desktop LTO-3 Tape Drive 2
The desktop LTO-3 Tape Drive is a compact subsystem that connects to
the host computer through a SCSI port. Installing a desktop drive
involves the following steps:
1 Setting the SCSI ID
2 Connecting a SCSI Cable
3 Checking the SCSI Termination
4 Connecting a Power Cord
5 Registering Your Tape Drive
18 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 2 Installation
Installing a Desktop LTO-3 Tape Drive
Setting the SCSI ID2 Each SCSI device on the bus must have its own unique SCSI ID. The
desktop tape drive is shipped with a default SCSI ID of 6. Avoid setting
drive ID to 7. If another SCSI device in the SCSI chain is already using this
ID, either use the push-button switch on the back of the drive to change
the drive’s SCSI ID (see figure 9
) or assign a unique SCSI ID to the other
SCSI device.
If you change the SCSI ID on the tape drive, turn off the tape drive before
changing the SCSI ID. The change takes effect when you turn on the
drive.
Note: The SCSI controller or host adapter generally uses ID 7. In
some systems, the boot drive uses ID 0 or ID 1. Avoid setting
your drive’s SCSI ID to these settings.
Figure 9 Switches
and Connectors on
the Back of the
Desktop LTO-3 Tape
Drive
Connecting a SCSI Cable
+
–
The desktop LTO-3 Tape Drive has two 68-pin, shielded SCSI interface
connectors (ANSI Alternative 2) on the rear panel (see figure 9
2
connectors consist of two rows of ribbon contacts spaced 2.16 mm (0.085
in) apart. Either connector can be used as a SCSI IN or SCSI OUT
). These
LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 19
Chapter 2 Installation
S
(
r
d)
Installing a Desktop LTO-3 Tape Drive
connection. This means you can use either connector to attach the drive to
a host computer or to another SCSI device.
1 Turn off all power to the drive and the computer.
2 Attach the SCSI interface cable to one of the 68-pin SCSI interface
connectors on the back of the drive (see figure 9
).
Checking the SCSI Termination
Figure 10 SCSI
T ermination Examples
for the Desktop LTO-3
Tape Drive
If the desktop LTO-3 Tape Drive is the last or only device in a SCSI chain,
install a terminating plug on the unused SCSI connector. See figure 10
2
two SCSI termination examples.
Note: Termination power is enabled as a default for desktop drives.
External
SCSI device
SCSI Terminators
External
Tape Drive
External
SCSI device
CSI Controller
termination enabled)
External
Tape Drive
SCSI Controlle
(termination disable
Internal
SCSI device
(termination
enabled)
for
Example 1: SCSI termination
in a system that has only
external SCSI devices.
Example 2: SCSI termination
in a system that has both
internal and external SCSI
devices.
20 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 2 Installation
Installing a Desktop LTO-3 Tape Drive
Connecting a Power Cord
Installing the LTO Driver
Registering Your Tape Drive
Attach the power cord securely to the power connector on the back of the
desktop LTO-3 Tape Drive (see figure 9
2
).
If you intend to use your drive with either the Microsoft Windows Server
2003, Windows XP, or Microsoft Windows 2000 operating system, install
2
the LTO driver. See the Resource CD.
commercial backup application software
This driver is not necessary with
.
After you install the desktop tape drive, be sure to register it. Registering
your drive ensures that you will receive the latest information about your
2
drive, as well as other product, service, and support information. For
your convenience, you can register your drive through our Web site at
www.quantum.com/registration
.
LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 21
Chapter 2 Installation
Installing a Desktop LTO-3 Tape Drive
22 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 3
3Operation
This chapter describes how to operate the LTO-3 Tape Drive. Topics
covered in this chapter are:
• Understanding the Front Panel Display
• Blink Codes
• Using LTO Cartridges
• Drive Maintenance
• Parking the Drive for Shipping
LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 23
Chapter 3 Operation
Understanding the Front Panel Display
Understanding the Front Panel Display 3
Figure 11 shows a view of the LTO-3 front-panel display.
Figure 11 Generic
Front Panel Display
Power LED
Activity LED
Error LED
Status LED
Tape load/unload
button
The LTO-3 Tape Drive has four LEDs on the front panel. The LED colors
and functions are summarized below.
•
Power LED (green)
•
Activity LED (green)
•
Error LED (orange)
•
Status LED (amber)
The
Activity, Error, and Status LEDs blink or go on to indicate information
about the tape drive. For more information about the
associated with these LEDs, see Blink Codes
24 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide
blink codes
.
Chapter 3 Operation
Blink Codes
Blink Codes 3
Table 4 summarizes the blink codes for the LTO-3 Tape Drive.
Table 4 LTO-3 Tape
Drive Blink Codes
Drive Condition Activity LED
(Green)
Cleaning Request ON
Hardware error Fast
Positioning – loading,
unloading, rewinding,
spacing, or locating
Tape Active – writing,
reading, or verifying
Manual intervention
required
Power-On-Self-Test
(POST) failure
Cleaning cartridge
present
Cleaning cartridge at
EOT
Slow
Slow
ON ON
ON Fast
Error LED
(Orange)
ON
Fast ON
Status LED
(Amber)
Servo initialization Slow Slow
Power-On-Self-Test
(POST) in progress
Cleaning failure or
media error
Microcode download Fast Slow Fast
LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 25
Slow Slow Slow
Fast Fast
Chapter 3 Operation
Using LTO Cartridges
Drive Condition Activity LED
(Green)
Microcode download
error
Note:
ON refers to a constant light;
Slow refers to a blink rate of 1/2 second on, 1/2 second off;
Fast refers to a blink rate of 1/8 second on, 1/8 second off.
Fast Fast Fast
Error LED
(Orange)
Status LED
(Amber)
Using LTO Cartridges 3
Loading a Cartridge
To load an Ultrium cartridge into the LTO-3 Tape Drive:
3
• Place the cartridge in the slot and gently push until the cartridge is
sensed and automatically retracted into the drive.
• If the cartridge is already in the slot from a previous ejection, gently
extract the cartridge partially and then gently push in until the
cartridge is sensed and automatically retracted into the drive.
• If the cartridge is already in the slot from a previous ejection, a SCSI
command or Library command can be issued to automatically retract
the cartridge into the drive.
• If the cartridge is already in the slot from a previous ejection, the
Load/Unload button can be depressed to automatically retract the
cartridge into the drive.
Unloading a Cartridge
26 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide
To unload an Ultrium cartridge from the LTO-3 Tape Drive, either:
3
• Use a library or host command to unload the tape, or
•Push the
Load/Unload button on the front of the drive.
Chapter 3 Operation
Using LTO Cartridges
Caution: Several seconds may elapse between the time you press the
Load/Unload button and the time the cartridge is ejected.
Do not power down the tape drive or the host computer
until the drive has completely ejected the cartridge.
Write-protecting a Cartridge
Figure 12 Ultrium
Cartridge Showing
Write-Protect Switch
Ultrium cartridges have a sliding write-protect switch near the back right
corner of the cartridge, see figure 12
3
.
• If you slide the switch to the position farthest from the corner of the
cartridge, data can be read from the cartridge but not written to it.
• If you slide the switch all the way toward the corner, see figure 12
data can be read from and written to the cartridge.
Note: LTO cartridges have prewritten servo patterns and should
not be bulk erased.
,
LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 27
Chapter 3 Operation
Drive Maintenance
Cartridge Care and Maintenance
To protect the data on your Ultrium data cartridges, observe the
following precautions:
3
• Always remove the cartridge from the drive when not in use and
store it in its protective case.
• Do not expose cartridges to dirt, dust, or moisture.
• Do not touch the tape media within a cartridge.
• Do not use data cartridges outside the specified operating conditions:
o
10
C to 40o C, 20% to 80% relative humidity.
If a data cartridge has been exposed to temperature or humidity changes
within the limits listed above, allow the tape cartridge to acclimate to its
surroundings for at least one hour before use.
If, during storage and/or transportation, a data cartridge has been
exposed to conditions outside the above range, it must be conditioned
before use in the operating environment. The conditioning process
requires exposure to the operating environment for a time equal to, or
greater than, the time away from the operating environment, up to a
maximum of 24 hours.
• Keep the cartridge away from direct sunlight and heat sources, such
as radiators, heaters or warm air ducts.
• Keep the cartridge away from sources of electromagnetic fields, such
as telephones, computer monitors, dictation equipment, mechanical
or printing calculators, motors, magnetic tools, and bulk erasers.
• Avoid dropping the cartridges. This can damage components inside
the cartridge, possibly rendering the tape unusable. If a tape is
dropped it is advisable to open the cartridge door and make sure that
the leader pin is in the correct position. A dropped cartridge should
be retensioned before use.
• Do not bulk erase Ultrium cartridges. Bulk-erased cartridges cannot
be reformatted by the tape drive and will be rendered unusable.
Drive Maintenance 3
The Ultrium drive requires little or no maintenance. However, the drive
mechanism may need to be cleaned.
28 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 3 Operation
Drive Maintenance
Cleaning the Tape Drive
Excessive tape debris or other material may accumulate on the tape heads
if the drive is used with non-approved media or operated in a hot, dusty
3
environment. In this case, the drive may experience excessive errors
while reading or writing, and the amber
Status LED remains on
continuously during operation. This means that the drive heads need to
be cleaned.
The LTO cleaning cartridge has the same dimensions as the data
cartridge and contains an LTO-CM (Cartridge Memory), but is loaded
with cleaning media instead of recording media. Always keep the
cleaning cartridge in its protective case when not in use.
To clean the drive, insert an LTO Ultrium cleaning cartridge. During the
cleaning process, both the
Status and Drive LEDs remain lit. After the
cleaning process is completed, the cartridge may be ejected automatically,
or you may need to press the load/unload button to remove the
cartridge, depending on the drive configuration. Each time you use the
cleaning cartridge, write the date on the label for future reference.
Note: If the
Status LED comes on continuously within 24 hours after
a cleaning cycle, perform the cleaning cycle again. If, after
three cleaning cycles in a 72-hour period, the
Status LED lights
up again, contact Customer Support.
Each time the drive is cleaned, the tape advances to a new, unused
section of media. After approximately 50 cleanings, all of the media will
be used up and you should discard the cleaning cartridge. When a
cleaning cartridge is used up, the amber
green
Drive LED remains on. Do not reuse a spent cleaning cartridge
Status LED flashes, while the
Note: The cleaning procedure will not run and the cleaning cartridge
will be ejected in the following circumstances:
• The drive does not recognize the cartridge as an LTO
cleaning cartridge.
• All of the tape on the cleaning cartridge has been used up
(at EOT). In this case, the
while the
LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 29
Drive LED remains on.
Status LED will flash rapidly
Chapter 3 Operation
Parking the Drive for Shipping
Parking the Drive for Shipping 3
Quantum recommends that you “park” the LTO-3 Tape Drive before
shipping it or placing it in an environment where they may be subject to
physical shock. Parking the drive moves the tape mechanism to the
configuration that is resilient to shock. You can park the LTO-3 Tape
Drive using the
running special software on your host system. In either case, the drive
must be powered up to enter park mode.
Load/Unload button on the front of the drive, or by
Using the Load/ Unload Button to Park the Drive
To park the drive manually, press and hold the Load/Unload button for 15
seconds or more. After you release the
3
Drive LED lights up and the parking process begins. During the parking
process, the picker arm moves into the take-up reel.
When the process is complete, the
drive has been successfully parked.
After parking the drive, you can turn off the drive and pack it for
shipping. When you turn the drive on again, it automatically returns to
normal operating mode.
If you need to unpark the drive without cycling power, press and hold
the
Load/Unload button for more that 5 seconds, but less than 15 seconds.
Load/Unload button, the green
Drive LED goes off, indicating that the
30 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 4
4Theory
This chapter describes operational theories used in the LTO-3 Tape Drive.
The topics covered in this chapter are:
• Track Layout
• Recording Method
• Data Buffer
• Data Integrity
• Data Compression
Track Layout 4
With the LTO-3 Tape Drive, there are 704 data tracks on the LTO tape,
numbered 0 through 703. Data track 703 is the track closest to the bottom
edge of the tape (the reference edge).
The area between adjacent servo bands is a data band. There are 4 data
bands, each of which includes 176 data tracks. The data bands are
numbered 2,0,1,3. Data band 2 is closest to the bottom edge of the tape.
LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 31
Chapter 4 Theory
D
0
5
0
5
Track Layout
A track group is a set of tracks that is recorded concurrently. The sets of
11 data tracks in a data band are data sub bands. There are 16 data sub
bands per data band. The data tracks are accessed in a serpentine manner.
A wrap is a track group recorded in the physical forward or physical
reverse direction. The wraps are recorded in a serpentine fashion starting
in data band 0. The tape contains 44 track groups, 22 written in the
forward direction and 22 written in the reverse direction. Even-numbered
wraps are recorded in the forward direction (BOT to EOT), and oddnumbered wraps are recorded in the reverse direction (EOT to BOT).
Figure 13
Figure 13 Layout of
the Tracks on LTO
Ultrium Tapes
Beginning of
tape (BOT)
shows the layout of data on an LTO tape.
Tape edge
Servo band
Even # wrap
Odd # wrap
End of
tape (EOT)
Sub bands 1 through 14
(not shown)
Even # wrap
Odd # wrap
Sub band 0
DATA
BAN
Sub band 15
Servo band
Tape edge
32 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 4 Theory
Recording Method
Recording Method 4
The LTO-3 Tape Drive records data using write-equalized (0,13/11) Run
Length Limited (RLL) code. RLL (0,13/11) Data bits are defined as
follows:
•
ONE is represented by a flux transition at the center of a bit-cell.
•
ZERO is represented by no flux transition in the bit-cell.
Data Buffer 4
In its default configuration, the LTO-3 Tape Drive has a 128-Mbyte buffer.
The buffer controller has a burst transfer rate of 320 Mbytes/sec, and
utilizes bank switching to achieve a maximum average bandwidth of
nearly 240 Mbytes/sec. The high bandwidth is needed to support lookaside data compression in the case of compressible data being transferred
from SCSI at 160 Mbytes/sec.
Data Integrity 4
The mechanical and electrical design of the drives ensures that drive
performance does not degrade over a drive’s operating life. Changes in
head alignment, head wear, component drift, and other factors are
minimized to ensure that data integrity and interchange capability are
not compromised over the drive's operating life. In addition, the drive
incorporates adaptive FIR filters that are capable of modifying the
equalization of each read channel dynamically to compensate for many of
those changes.
The error rate of the LTO-3 Tape Drive is less than 1 hard error in 10
bits. The drive’s undetectable error rate is 1 in 10
LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 33
27
bits read.
17
Chapter 4 Theory
Data Integrity
Error-correction Code (ECC)
The use of Cyclic Redundancy Checking (CRC), two-level orthogonal
Error Correction Coding (ECC) provides a very low probability of
4
encountering a hard error. During the read process, ECC correction is
performed on the fly without affecting tape streaming.
There are two levels of Error Correction Coding (ECC). These two levels
are orthogonal — that is, an ECC codeword at one level intersects ECC
codewords at the other level just once, which means there will be only
one common symbol between them. The two levels are called C1 and C2.
C1 ECC
As data is written to memory from the Data Processing unit, the DMA /
ECC interface generates C1 ECC bytes and writes them to memory.
As data is written to tape, the C1 ECC is checked and an interrupt
generated if there is an error. The C1 ECC read from memory is the ECC
that is written to tape.
When data is read from tape and stored into memory, C1 ECC is checked.
• If the C1 ECC is good, that codeword pair’s “Valid” bit is set.
• Otherwise, a pointer to the invalid Codeword Pair is passed to the C1
ECC correction engine.
• If the C1 ECC correction engine can correct the error, then the
corrected bytes are written to memory, and the Valid bit is set.
4
• Otherwise, the Valid bit is left cleared.
As data is read from memory to the Data Processor for decompression,
the C1 ECC is again checked and an interrupt generated if it is not correct.
C2 ECC
C2 ECC involves three distinct operations:
1
Encoding: Generating C2 ECC bytes from data bytes (performed by
ECC co-processor hardware)
2
Decoding: Generating ECC syndromes from data and ECC bytes,
testing for all-zeroes (performed by ECC co-processor hardware)
34 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide
4
Chapter 4 Theory
Data Compression
3 Correction: Generating corrected data from syndromes.
The correction depends on the number and types of errors involved:
• For one known C1 codeword pair in error in a sub-data set (C2
codeword), the operation is performed by the ECC co-processor
hardware.
• For two or more known C1 codeword pairs in error, the matrix is
computed by firmware and the correction is performed by
hardware.
• For one or more unknown C1 codeword pairs, syndromes are
generated by hardware, error location is computed by firmware,
the matrix is computed by firmware and the correction is
performed by hardware.
Servo-tracking Faults
During a write operation, if the servo system detects an error that may
result in adjacent data tracks being over-written, the write operation is
4
aborted. The write operation will not continue until the correct servo
tracking is re-established.
Data Compression 4
Typical data streams of text, graphics, software code, or other forms of
data contain repeated information of some sort, whether it is at the text
level where you can readily recognize regular repetitions of a single
word, or at the binary level where the repetitions are in bits or bytes.
Although most data is unique and random, the binary level data exhibits
patterns of various sizes that repeat with varying degrees of regularity.
Storage efficiency is increased if the redundancies or repetition in the
data are removed before the data is recorded to tape. Data compression
technology significantly reduces or eliminates redundancies in data
before recording the information to tape. This increases the amount of
data that can be stored on a finite medium and increases the overall
storage efficiency of the system.
With data compression, the redundant information in a data stream is
identified and represented by codewords or symbols, which allow the
same data to be recorded in a fewer number of bits. These codewords or
LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 35
Chapter 4 Theory
Data Compression
symbols point back to the original data string, using fewer characters to
represent the strings. Because these smaller symbols are substituted for
the longer strings of data, more data can be stored in the same physical
space.
Some important benefits result from data compression in tape drives:
• The same amount of information can be stored on a smaller length of
tape.
• More data can be stored on a given length of tape.
• Performance can more closely parallel to that of high-transfer-rate
computers.
• More information can be transferred in the same time interval.
Data Compression Considerations
In an effective data-compression method, several factors are important:
4
• The amount of compression. The amount of compression is measured
by the compression ratio. This ratio compares the amount of uncompressed data to the amount of compressed data. It is obtained by
dividing the size of the uncompressed data by the size of the compressed data.
• The speed with which data is compressed and decompressed relative
to the host transfer rate.
• The types of data to be compressed.
• The data integrity of the compressed data.
The amount of compression possible in a data stream depends on factors
such as:
• Data pattern
• Compression algorithm
• Pattern repetition length
• Pattern repetition frequency
• Object size (block of information to be compressed)
• Starting pattern chosen
36 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 4 Theory
Data Compression
The transfer rate depends on factors such as:
• Compression ratio
•Drive buffer size
• Host computer input/output (I/O) speed
• Effective disc speeds of the host computer
• Record lengths that the host computer transmits
Data compression algorithms can be tailored to provide maximum
compression for specific types of data. Because varying types of data are
encountered in normal day-to-day operating circumstances, however, an
effective data compression method for a tape drive must serve various
data types. Additionally, the data compression method must adapt to
different data types, automatically providing optimum handling for all
types of data.
Intelligent Data Compression
The tape’s compressed capacity is maximized through the use of
intelligent data compression. The intelligent data compression hardware
4
determines the compressibility of each record. If the size of the record is
larger after a compression attempt than the native (uncompressed) size,
then the record is written in its native form.
The intelligent data compression utilizes two compression schemes:
• Scheme-1 is a LZ1-based compression scheme using a history buffer
to achieve data compression.
• Scheme-2 is a pass-through compression scheme designed to pass
uncompressible data through with minimal expansion.
There are three specific requirements for compliance with the LTO
specification.
• The output data stream must be decompressible following LTO rules
to create the input sequence of records and File Marks perfectly.
• An LTO compressed data stream may not contain any of the eight
reserved Control Symbols.
• While control symbols allow switching to Scheme 2, this should
never be used by operational software because this capability is only
for diagnostic and testing purposes.
LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 37
Chapter 4 Theory
Data Compression
Software data compression should never be used because the LTO-3 Tape
Drive's built-in intelligent data compression is much more efficient than
software data compression systems.
The LTO-3 Tape Drive uses a derivative of ALDC-2 lossless data
compression that includes additional control codes for intelligent data
compression.
38 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 5
5Specifications
This chapter provides technical specifications for the LTO-3 Tape Drive.
The topics covered in this chapter are:
• Physical Specifications
• Power Specifications
• Drive Performance Specifications
• Environmental Requirements
• Reliability
• Mean Time Between Failures
• LTO Cartridge Specifications
• Regulatory Compliance
• Disposal of Electrical and Electronic Equipment
LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 39
Chapter 5 Specifications
Physical Specifications
Physical Specifications 5
Table 5 lists the physical specifications of the LTO-3 Tape Drive.
Table 5 Physical
Specifications
Internal SCSI Drive
Specification
without Bezel
Height 3.25 inches
(82.6 mm) max
Width 5.75 inches
(146.05 ± 0.25)
Length 8.06 inches
(205 mm)
Weight 6.2 lb.
(2.82 kg)
1
Includes rubber feet (case alone is 6.44 inches high).
2
Includes front bezel and fan grill (case alone is 11.9 inches long).
Internal SCSI Drive
with Bezel Desktop SCSI Drive
3.31 inches
(84.3 mm)
5.81 inches
(147.8 mm)
8.3 inches
(212 mm) max
6.5 lb.
(2.95 kg)
6.8 inches
1
(172.7 mm)
7.61 inches
(193.3 mm)
12.17 inches
(309.1 mm)
14.5 lb.
(6.58 kg)
2
40 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide
Figure 14 Internal
LTO-3 Tape Drive
Dimensions
Chapter 5 Specifications
Physical Spe cifications
Figure 14 shows the dimensions of the internal LTO-3 Tape Drive.
212.0 Max.
(Less connectors)
55.9
79.24 ± 0.20
84.3
48.90 ± 0.60
From Upper Bezel
Mounting Tabs
147.8
4 x M3.0 Nearside
4 x M3.0 Farside
205.0 Max.
Length of Drive
without Bezel
(Less connectors)
4 x M3.0 x 5.0 Deep
82.6 Max
21.80 ± 0.20
9.90 ± 0.20
189.70 ± 0.20
146.05 ± 0.25
48.90 ± 0.60
From Upper Bezel
Mounting Tabs
LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 41
79.24 ± 0.20
Chapter 5 Specifications
Power Specifications
Power Specifications 5
The desktop LTO-3 Tape Drive comes with a built-in 90-260VAC (47-63
Hz) automatic switching power supply.
Maximum voltage and power specifications for the internal LTO-3 Tape
Drive is listed in the tables below. Specifications are the same for SCSI
drives unless otherwise noted.
Table 6 Voltage and
Current
Table 7 Power
Dissipation
Specification +12 VDC + 5VDC
DC Voltage Tolerance 12.00 + or – 10% 5.00 + or – 5%
Non-operating max
voltage
Max operating current
Continuous:
Peak:
Standby current (max) 1.0 amps RMS 2.0 amps RMS*
Ripple (peak-to-peak) <
* RMS parameters measured at the power connector using a true RMS
digital meter.
Specification LTO-3
Max Standby Power 17 watts RMS*
14 Volts peak 7 Volts peak
1.2 amps RMS
4.0 amps
(1 sec max)
100 mV < 100 mV
3.5 amps max RMS*
N/A
Max Continuous Operating Power 42 watts RMS*
Max Peak Operating Power 65 watts RMS (1 sec max)
* RMS parameters measured at the power connector using a true RMS
digital meter.
42 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 5 Specifications
Drive Performance Specifications
Drive Performance Specifications 5
Table 8 lists the performance specifications for the LTO-3 Tape Drive.
Table 8 Drive
Performance
Specifications
Specification Value
Capacity
LTO Ultrium 3 (680 m) 400 Gbytes (native)
Recording density 5,120 RLL-encoded ONEs per mm
Flux density 10249 cells per mm
Track density 70 tracks per mm
Error recovery Read-after-write Reed Solomon
ECC (2 levels)
Recording unrecoverable errors Less than 1 in 10
Recording undetectable errors Less than 1 in 10
17
data bits
27
data bits
Tape drive type LTO (Ultrium)
Head configuration 2 bumps
16 thin-film write heads per bump
16 MR read heads per bump
2 MR servo heads per bump
Recording format Ultrium 16-channel (U-38)
Recording method 0, 13/11 RLL
Transfer rate (sustained) 68 Mbytes/second (max, native)
Synchronous transfer rate
160 Mbytes per sec max
(burst)
Cartridge unload time 30 seconds
LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 43
Chapter 5 Specifications
Environmental Requirements
Specification Value
Average rewind time
(609-m tape)
Maximum rewind time
(609-m tape)
Average data access time
(609-m tape) from BOW
(beginning of wrap)
Maximum data access time
(609-m tape) from BOW
Average rewind time
(609-m tape)
Tape speed Up to 5.9 meters per second
> 51 seconds
115 seconds
<
58 seconds
115 seconds
115 seconds
<
Environmental Requirements 5
Table 9 lists the environmental specifications for the LTO-3 Tape Drive.
Table 9 Environmental
Requirements
Specification Operational Non-operational
Temperature +50° to +104°F
(+10° to + 40°C)
Airflow requirements Internal: 9 CFM (front to back) N/A
Thermal gradient 11°C per hour (10-40°C) 11°C per hour (10-40°C)
Relative humidity 20% to 80% non-condensing 10% to 95% non-condensing
44 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide
–40° to +149°F
(–40° to + 66°C)
Chapter 5 Specifications
Specification Operational Non-operational
Humidity gradient 10% per hour 10% per hour
Reliability
Altitude max 10,000 feet MSL
(at 25°C)
Shock (1/2 sine wave) 10 Gs peak, 11 msec 40 Gs peak, 11 msec
Vibration (sweep test) 0.005 inches DA (5-43 Hz)
0.50 G peak (43–1000 Hz)
sweep rate 5-1000Hz;
1.0 octave per minute
Acoustic level idling
(A-wt sum)
Acoustic level operational
(A-wt sum)
Injected Noise 5 The internal drive operates without degradation of error rates with 100
mV of noise injected between the chassis and 0 V at the power connector
at any frequency between 45 Hz and 20 MHz.
52 dBA maximum 5.0 LwA Bels —
57 dBA maximum 5.5 LwA Bels —
40,000 feet (power off)
0.1 inches (5-–15Hz)
1.0 G (15–500 Hz)
1.0 octave per minute
Reliability 5
The LTO-3 Tape Drive is designed for maximum reliability and data
integrity. Table 10
LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 45
summarizes the reliability specifications.
Chapter 5 Specifications
Mean Time Between Failures
Table 10 Reliability
Specification D escription
Non-recoverable error
rate
Error recovery and
control
Mean time between
failures (MTBF)
Cartridge load/
unload
Mean time to replace
(MTTR)
Less than 1 in 10
• Error correction code techniques
(C1 and C2 ECC)
• Read-after-write (RAW)
• Error monitoring and reporting (error log)
•Retry on
250,000 hours MTBF at 100% duty cycle:
power applied and tape moving continuously
(Desktop drive; 50,000 hours at full load and
25°C)
300,000 cartridge load/unload cycles (no
thread)
Less than 30 minutes
17
bits
Mean Time Between Failures 5
The mean time between failures (MTBF) for the internal drive is specified
at 250,000 hours minimum. This specification includes all power-on and
operational time but excludes maintenance periods. Operational time is
assumed to be 100% of the power-on time. Operational time is the time
the tape is loaded.
The MTBF for the desktop drive power supply is 50,000 hours with the
unit operated at full load and 25°C.
Note: The MTBF rating does not represent any particular drive, but
is derived from a large database of test samples. Actual rates
may vary from unit to unit.
46 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 5 Specifications
LTO Cartridge Specifications
Mean Time to Replace
The mean time to replace (MTTR) is the average time required by a
qualified service technician to diagnose a defective drive and to install a
5
replacement drive. The MTTR for LTO products is less than 0.5 hour (30
minutes).
The Quantum LTO drives are field-replaceable units. If a problem occurs
with a subassembly or component in the drive, you should replace the
entire unit. Return the drive to the factory in its original packaging.
Contact your distributor, dealer, your computer system company or your
Quantum sales representative to arrange the return.
LTO Cartridge Specifications 5
Environmental Considerations
Table 11 Environmental
Tolerances
Table 11 lists the basic environmental tolerances for LTO Ultrium
cartridges.
5
Specification Value
Operating temperature 10°C to 40°C
Relative humidity 10% to 80% storage,
20% to 80% operating
Wet bulb temperature 26° C max
Max localized temperature-permanent tape
damage
If during storage and/or transportation a cartridge has been exposed to
conditions outside the above values, it must be conditioned before use in
the operating environment. The conditioning shall be exposure to the
operating environment for a time equal to, or greater than, the time away
from the operating environment, up to a maximum of 24 hours. There
shall be no deposit of moisture anywhere on or in the cartridge.
The stray magnetic field at any point on the tape shall not exceed 4000 A/
m.
LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 47
Greater than 52°C
Chapter 5 Specifications
Regulatory Compliance
Cartridge Memory 5 Each Ultrium cartridge has 4 Kbytes of nonvolatile memory: 3 Kbytes are
used to store tape-directory and hardware specific information. 1 Kbyte is
available for application and OEM use. The cartridge memory is
powered, read, and written to via a radio-frequency link.
Cartridge Reliability
Recommended cartridge use: After 5,000 load/unload cycles, replace the
cartridge to insure data integrity.
5
Regulatory Compliance 5
These drives comply with the safety and EMC regulations listed in the
following tables.
Safety Compliance 5
Country Regulatory Organization Compliant to:
United States Underwriters Laboratories (UL) UL 1950 – 3rd edition
Canada Canadian Standards
Association (CSA)
Germany Technischer Überwachungs-
Verein (TUV) Rheinland
CSA 22.2 950–95
IEC 950 / EN60950, (including
amendments A1, A2, A3, A4,
A11)
Mexico Normas Oficiales Mexicanas
(NOM), similar to UL
Singapore Productivity and Standards
Board (PSB)
South Korea JEON JEON safety certification
Argentina Instituto Argentino de
Racionalization de Materiales
(IRAM)
48 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide
NOM standards
PSB safety certification
IRAM safety certification China
Chapter 5 Specifications
Country Regulatory Organization Compliant to:
Regulatory Compliance
China Chinese Commodity Import
CCIB safety certification
Bureau (CCIB)
EU member nations Comité Europèen de
Normalisation Electrotechnique
– the European Committee for
IEC 950 / EN60950 (including
amendments A1, A2, A3, A4,
A11)
Electrotechnical
Standardization (CENELEC)
Member nations of
IECEE*
IECEE* International
Electrotechnical Commission on
Electrical Equipment (IECEE)
for Mutual Recognition of Test
CB Scheme per IEC 950 /
EN60950 with details and
exceptions for each member
country
Certificates for Electrical
Equipment “CB Scheme”
Hungary MEEI Budapest CB Scheme
Czech Republic EZU Praha CB Scheme
Poland PCBC BBJ-SEP CB Scheme
Russia GOSSTANDART (GOST) CB Scheme
Bulgaria CSM CB Scheme
Malaysia JBE SIRIM CB Scheme
Thailand TISI CB Scheme
India STQC BIS
South Africa SABS CB Scheme
Israel SII
* Member nations of the IECEE include Austria, Australia, Belgium,
Canada, China (PR), Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France,
Germany, Hungary, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, South Korea,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russian Federation, Singapore, Slovakia,
Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom, USA,
Yugoslavia.
LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 49
Chapter 5 Specifications
Regulatory Compliance
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
5
Country Regulatory Organization Compliant to:
United States Federal Communications
Commission (FCC)
Title 47: Code of Federal
Regulations, Part 15, Subpart B,
Class B: Digital Device
(47CFR15B)
Canada Industry Canada Digital
Apparaus - Interference-Causing
ICES-003 Class B: Digital
Apparatus
Equipment Standard (ICES-003)
EU member nations CE Emissions per CISPR 22:1997 -
EN55022:1998 and Immunity per
CISPR 24:1997 - EN55024:1998
Australia and
New Zealand
Japan Voluntary Control Council for
Standards Australia Spectrum
Management “C-Tick”
Interface (VCCI)
AS/NZS 3548-1995 (same as
CISPR 22)
This is a voluntary compliance
standard; the drives meet it via
CE compliance
South Korea Radio Research Lab of Korea
RRL EMC certification
(RRL)
Taiwan Bureau of Commodity Inspection
BSMI EMC certification
and Quarantine (BSMI)
China Chinese Commodity Import
CCIB EMC Certification
Bureau (CCIB)
Poland PREDOM-OBR CISPR-22, Class B
Russia GOSSTANDART (GOST) CISPR-22, Class B
Bulgaria CSM CISPR-22, Class B
Israel SII CISPR-22, Class B
50 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 5 Specifications
Disposal of Electrical and Electronic Equipment
Note: Use these drives only in equipment where the combination
has been determined to be suitable by an appropriate
certification organization (for example, Underwriters
Laboratories Inc. or the Canadian Standards Association in
North America).
You should also consider the following safety points:
• Install the drive in an enclosure that limits the user’s access to live
parts, gives adequate system stability and provides the necessary
grounding for the drive.
• Provide the correct voltages (+5 VDC and +12 VDC) based on the
regulation applied—Extra Low Voltage (SEC) for UL and CSA, and
Safety Extra Low Voltage for BSI and VDE (if applicable).
Disposal of Electrical and Electronic Equipment 5
This symbol on the product or on its packaging
indicates that this product should not be disposed of
with your other waste. Instead, it should be handed
over to a designated collection point for the recycling of
electrical and electronic equipment. The separate
collection and recycling of your waste equipment at the
time of disposal will help to conserve natural resources
and ensure that it is recycled in a manner that protects
human health and the environment. For more information about where
you can drop off your waste equipment for recycling, please visit our
website at qcare.quantum.com
authority, your household waste disposal service or the business from
which you purchased the product.
or contact your local government
LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 51
Chapter 5 Specifications
Disposal of Electrical and Electronic Equipment
52 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 6
6UNIX Settings
This chapter describes how to configure various UNIX systems to
recognize and obtain optimal performance from the LTO-3 Tape Drive.
The topics covered in this chapter are:
• A Word About SCSI Controllers
• Configuring for the DEC/Compaq UNIX Environment
• Configuring for the Sun Environment (Solaris 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 7, 8, and 9)
• Configuring for the IBM AIX Environment (AIX Version 4.1.x and
later) on page 58
• Configuring for SCO Open Server 5.0.x
• Configuring for Linux
• Configuring for SGI Irix
• Configuring for HP-UX 11.0
LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 53
on page 61
on page 63
on page 64
on page 59
Chapter 6 UNIX Settings
A Word About SCSI Controllers
A Word About SCSI Controllers 6
The LTO-3 Tape Drive transfers data natively at 68 Mbytes per second. It
supports the SCSI Ultra 160 specification and can transfer data at burst
rates of up to 320 Mbytes per second. To achieve maximum drive
performance, it is important to choose high-performance disk drives for
your system, as well as high-performance SCSI controllers.
Configuring for the DEC/Compaq UNIX Environment 6
Finding Existing SCSI Controllers and Devices
Configuring Digital UNIX Version 4.0 and later/Compaq Tru64 Unix 5.x
SCSI ID #7 is almost always dedicated to the SCSI controller. Never
configure your target device for ID 7 unless you are absolutely sure that
the controller is not addressed for ID 7.
6
Use File Manager to open the file /etc/ddr.dbase and create an entry as
follows:
SCSIDEVICE
6
#
Type=tape
Name="CERTANCE""ULTRIUM 3"
#
PARAMETERS:
TypeSubClass=tk
TagQueueDepth=0
MaxTransferSize=0x0ffffff#(16MB-1)
ReadyTimeSeconds=180#seconds
CMD_PreventAllow=supported
CMD_ExtReserveRelease=supported
BlockSize=0
PwrMgmt_capable=0
DENSITY:
#
DensityNumber=0,2,3,4,5,6,7
DensityCode=default
CompressionCode=0x0
Buffered=0x1
54 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 6 UNIX Settings
Configuring for the Sun Environment (Solaris 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 7, 8, and 9)
DENSITY:
#
DensityNumber=1
DensityCode=default
CompressionCode=0x1
Buffered=0x1
Save the file. Then run the following command:
ddr_config-c
ddr_config
database. This command takes effect immediately without having to
rebuild the kernel.
takes the default input file, ddr.dbase, and builds a new device
Note:
To enable the tape driver to turn on data compression when writing data
to tape use the
For commands that use density and tape size settings, the tape density is
124,000 bpi and the tape length is 1800 feet. For commands that use a
blocking factor, we recommend a blocking factor of 64 as a minimum (128
is recommended).
ddr.dbase is a Unix shell script and is not written in C. This
means # is used to signify a comment, not /* and */ or //, as
used in C. Make sure any comments included in this file are
preceded with the # character.
.c. option.
Configuring for the Sun Environment
(Solaris 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 7, 8, and 9)
Use the following for attaching the LTO-3 Tape Drive to Sun Sparc and
Intel systems.
6
Finding Current SCSI Controllers and Targets
To properly attach SCSI devices to hosts it is necessary to ensure that each
target device has a unique SCSI address. The commands
6
.dmesg. can be used to find the SCSI controllers in use and the SCSI target
devices installed.
LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 55
.modinfo. and
Chapter 6 UNIX Settings
Configuring for the Sun Environment (Solaris 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 7, 8, and 9)
For example, the command .dmesg | egrep .target. | sort | uniq. can find all
SCSI controllers and SCSI targets. The output may look similar to:
sd32 at ithps0: target2 lun0
sd34 at ithps0: target4 lun0
st21 at ithps1: target0 lun0
st22 at ithps1: target1 lun0
In this case, the LTO-3 Tape Drive can be set for SCSI ID address 2
through 6 and attached to controller ithps1 (this particular controller also
supports SCSI addresses 8 through 15).
Types of Controllers
Configuring the Device File st.conf
You may be able to view the main pages of three types of SCSI controllers
for Sun Sparc systems:
6
•esp
•glm
•isp
We recommend that the LTO-3 Tape Drive not be attached to esp
controllers. This controller is not fast enough to work with the LTO-3
Tape Drive. The minimum recommended controller would be a glm
controller, which is an Ultra Wide controller.
We recommend Ultra 160 SCSI-capable controllers capable of 80MB/s
data transfer as a minimum. Slow backups will result if using slower SCSI
controllers.
To configure Solaris 2.4 and above to use the LTO-3 Tape Drive correctly,
add the following lines to the file
6
tape-config-list=
"SEAGATE ULTRIUM06242-XXX", "Seagate LTO 1", "SEAGATE_LTO1",
"CERTANCEULTRIUM 2", "Seagate LTO 2", "Certance_LTO2",
"CERTANCEULTRIUM 3", "Seagate LTO 3", "ULTRIUM",
st.conf in the directory /kernel/drv.
# THE LAST ENTRY IN THIS SECTION MUST END WITH A SEMICOLON
SEAGAT E_LTO1 = 1,0x3b,0,0x1d639,4,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,1;
Certance_L TO2 = 1,0x3b,0,0x1d639,4,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,1;
Certance_LTO3 = 1,0x3b,0,0x1d639,4,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,1;
56 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 6 UNIX Settings
Configuring for the Sun Environment (Solaris 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 7, 8, and 9)
The value 0x1d639 equates to the way that the LTO-3 Tape Drive is
configured to operate in the Solaris environment. This value enables the
LTO-3 Tape Drive to:
Support variable length records (variable length block size)
• Backspace over files (same as
.mt bsf. command to backspace over
filemarks)
• Backspace over records (same as
.mt bsr., backspace over individual
tape blocks)
• Long time-out for long erase function (it is not recommended to try
and erase the entire tape)
• The LTO-3 Tape Drive knows when end of data has been encoun-
tered
• Device driver is unloadable
• Long timeouts (5 times longer than normal)
• Buffered writes supported
• Variable record size not limited to 64k
• Uses Mode Select Page 10h to enable/disable compression
Once
st.conf has been modified, the kernel must be reconfigured by
booting the system using the
boot-r command. If you are replacing a tape
device with the same SCSI ID you may want to delete the st devices from
the
/dev/rmt directory (recommended).
When using commands that require a blocking factor such as tar or
ufsdump, we suggest a minimum factor of 64. The preferred factor is 128.
For commands that use density and tape size settings the tape density is
124,000 bpi and the tape length is 1800 feet. We suggest using the
ufsdump/ufsrestore commands. These commands automatically detect
end of tape without the need of the density and tape length settings.
To enable the st driver to turn on data compression when writing data to
tape use the
.c. option. For example, tar cf /dev/rmt/0c causes the tape
drive to compress the data before writing the data to tape.
LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 57
Chapter 6 UNIX Settings
Configuring for the IBM AIX Environment (AIX Version 4.1.x and later)
Configuring for the IBM AIX Environment (AIX Version 4.1.x and later)
Finding Existing SCSI Controllers and Devices
Configuring the LTO-3 Tape Drives using SMIT
Enter the following command: lsdev–Cs scsi. This shows all the SCSI
target IDs known to the system. Note the SCSI target IDs and choose a
SCSI ID for the LTO-3 Tape Drive that will not conflict with the IDs
6
shown from the lsdev command.
SCSI ID #7 is almost always dedicated to the SCSI controller. Never
configure your target device for ID 7 unless you are absolutely sure that
the controller is not addressed for ID 7.
The LTO-3 Tape Drive can be configured to work with AIX Versions 4.1.x
and later by using the
SMIT .Other SCSI Tape Drive. option.
6
Note: Record the SCSI ID of the tape drive before installing it.
To configure AIX using the
1 Enter
2 Select Add a Tape Drive.
SMIT at the Tape Drive menu by typing smit tape
6
SMIT utility, use the following procedure:
3 Select the type of tape drive you will be adding. Use the
Tape Drive
4 Select the Parent SCSI Adapter from the available list. The
Drive
5 Some of the standard options can be changed to maximize drive
performance and functionality:
Set the
Lun 0). In the list, the Target is the first number and the Lun is the
second. For example, if the drive is ID 5, choose 5,0.
Set the
Set
Use DEVICE BUFFERS during writes to yes.
Set
RETURN error on tape change or reset to no.
Set
Use EXTENDED file marks to yes.
58 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide
option.
“Entry Fields” appears.
Connection Address with the Drives Target and Lun (always use
BLOCK size to 0.
Other SCSI
Add a tape
Configuring for SCO Open Server 5.0.x
Set RESERVE/RELEASE support to yes.
Set
BLOCK SIZE for variable length support (Num.) to 0.
Set
Density 1 to 0.
Chapter 6 UNIX Settings
6 Leave the
7 Click
Set delay. . . and Set timeout. . . lines at the default value.
OK and the drive will be installed in the system database, and
devices created. There is no need to reboot the system.
8 Exit
SMIT.
Note: We suggest using the AIX commands .backup and restore
when transferring data to and from the LTO-3 Tape Drive.
These commands transfer data more quickly than other
commands such as
blocking factor of 128. For
tar and cpio. For cpio, we suggest a
tar, we suggest using the .N option
and a factor of 128. Some older systems with poor video
controllers may experience a reduction in performance when
using the
.v option, which prints the path names on the
standard console during the backup. Unless there is a real
need to see the filenames as they are backed up we suggest not
using the
.v option. For commands that use density and tape
size settings the tape density is 124,000 bpi and the tape length
is 1800 feet.
Configuring for SCO Open Server 5.0.x 6
Finding Existing SCSI Controllers and Devices
The files /usr/adm/hwconfig and /var/adm/messages list the devices
found during boot up of Open Server. The current SCSI controllers can be
found using the command:
6
grepadapter/usr/adm/hwconfig
This command produces output similar to:
%adapter 0x6400–0x64FF 11 type=alad ha=0
bus=0 id=7 fts=st0.
The current tape drives can be found using the command:
grep tape /usr/adm/hwconfig
LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 59
Chapter 6 UNIX Settings
Configuring for SCO Open Server 5.0.x
This command produces output similar to:
%tape type=S ha=0 id=6 lun=0 bus=0 ht=alad
The information above shows that an Adaptec SCSI controller is installed
(alad) and a SCSI tape drive (type=S) is installed as target id 6. SCSI ID
#7 is almost always dedicated to the SCSI controller. Never configure
your target device for ID 7 unless you are absolutely sure the controller is
not addressed for ID 7.
Configuring the LTO-3 Tape Drive with mkdev
Once connected to the system, installation of the drive is performed
using the following command:
6
mkdevtape
A numeric-based menu appears. If you are replacing an existing SCSI
tape drive, use option 3 to remove the existing tape drive from the
configuration files. Then follow the instructions below to add an LTO-3
Tape Drive.
1 From the menu, choose
2 From the next menu, choose
Configure a SCSI or Enhanced IDE tape drive.
Install a SCSI tape drive.
3 When prompted, enter the SCSI adapter string. To view the list of
supported SCSI adapters, use the h option.
4 Enter the number of the SCSI host adapter attached to the drive. If
one SCSI adapter exists, enter the number zero (0).
5 Enter the number of the SCSI bus attached to the drive. Refer to the
SCSI adapter documentation. For many adapters this will be zero (0).
6 Enter the SCSI ID of the tape drive.
7 Enter the number zero (0) for the LUN of the device.
8 When prompted to
Update the SCSI configuration? (y/n), enter y.
9 When prompted for Vendor Identification string, enter
CERT ANCE.
10 When prompted to enter the SCSI version to which the tape drive
conforms, enter the number three (3).
11 When prompted to enter the
Response Data Format the tape drive
uses, enter the number two (2).
12 When prompted, choose the
60 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide
Generic SCSI-1/SCSI-2 tape drive option.
Chapter 6 UNIX Settings
Configuring for Linux
13 When the process takes you back to the two Main Menu screens,
press
q.
14 When asked to create a new kernel, enter
15 When asked if you want the new kernel to boot by default press
yes.
y.
16 When asked if you want the kernel environment to be rebuilt press
17 Reboot the system.
Note: Not all of the SCO “tape” commands will operate or be
applicable to the LTO-3 Tape Drive (execute the command
.man tape. for the specifics on how the tape command works).
The following tape commands are not available for use with
the LTO-3 Tape Drive:
getcomp, setcomp (the LTO-3 Tape
Drive will always compress the data before writing the data to
tape under SCO Open Server 5.0.x),
getspeed, setspeed, rsm, wsm. The following tape commands
are available for use with the LTO-3 Tape Drive:
reset, rewind, retention, getblk, setblk, unload, eod.
partition, setpart, getpart,
status, load,
When using the GUI Backup Manager utility set the block size
to 32768 minimum, 65536 preferred. When using commands
such as
tar we suggest using the tape command to set the block
size to 512 and then using a blocking factor of 80 for the tar
command. For commands that use density and tape size
settings the tape density is 124,000 bpi and the tape length is
1800 feet.
y.
Configuring for Linux 6
Finding Existing SCSI Controllers and Devices
Before installing the LTO-3 Tape Drive, ensure that the requisite SCSI
controllers and device drivers are installed on your system.
6
To find existing SCSI controllers execute the command:
dmesg | grep SCSI
LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 61
Chapter 6 UNIX Settings
Configuring for Linux
You may see output similar to:
(scsi0)<Adaptec AHA-294XX Ultra160 SCSI host
adapter> found at PCI 0/16/0
To find existing SCSI devices execute the command:
cat /proc/scsi/scsi
You may see output similar to:
Host: scsi0 Channel: 0 Id:6 Lun:00
Vendor: CERTANCE Mo del: ULTRIUM 3
Type: SequentialAccess ANSI SCSI Revision 04
Use the output of these two commands to see which SCSI target ID
numbers are free. In the above example a tape drive is attached at target
ID 6. SCSI ID #7 is almost always dedicated to the SCSI controller. Never
configure your target device for ID 7 unless you are absolutely sure that
the controller is not addressed for ID 7.
The widely available distributions of Linux automatically install the
proper SCSI and tape device drivers. If you executed the cat command
above, you have ensured that the SCSI driver for your controller is
installed. To view currently loaded modules, execute the lsmod
command. Ensure that one of the entries is st.
To view the st device number for your attached tape drive, execute the
command:
dmesg | grep tape
You should see output similar to:
Detected SCSI tape st0 and scsi0 . . .
Using the LTO-3 Tape Drive
The LTO-3 Tape Drive can be configured via the mt command options
and a default configuration can be setup using the
6
from within the mt command. Refer to the man page for mt for details.
We suggest not using the erase command nor commands which attempt
to partition the tape. Partitioning is not supported in the LTO format.
For commands that use density and tape size settings, the tape density is
124,000 bpi and the tape length is 1800 feet. For commands that use a
blocking factor, we suggest a factor of 128.
62 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide
stsetoptions command
Chapter 6 UNIX Settings
Configuring for SGI Irix
Configuring for SGI Irix 6
Finding Current SCSI Controllers and Targets
To properly attach SCSI devices to hosts it is necessary to ensure that each
target device has a unique SCSI address. The command hinv can be used
to find all attached SCSI controllers and target devices. To search for all
6
SCSI controllers and devices use the command:
hinv –v | grep SCSI
The output of the command will be similar to the following:
Integral SCSI controller 0: Version ADAPTEC 7880
Disk drive unit 1 on SCSI controller 0
CD ROM unit 4 on SCSI controller 0
Integral SCSI controller 1: Version ADAPTEC 7880
Tape drive: unit 6 on SCSI controller 1: DAT
This output shows that a tape drive is present on SCSI controller 1 at SCSI
ID address #6. Available SCSI IDs are
•
0,2,3,5 6, 8 - 15 on controller 0
•
1 - 5 and 8 - 15 on controller 1 (this controller supports Wide/Ultra SCSI)
Note: SCSI ID #7 is almost always dedicated to the SCSI controller.
Never configure your target device for ID 7 unless you are
absolutely sure that the controller is not addressed for ID 7.
See table 2
on page 16 to view how to set the SCSI ID address
jumpers for the LTO-3 Tape Drives.
Modifying the IRIX Configuration File
To attach the LTO-3 Tape Drive to IRIX the file .scsi. needs to be modified
by a text editor. The file can be found in
6
/var/sysgen/master.d. Open the
file and use the text editor to add the following at the end of the tape
device entries:
For IRIX 6.4/6.5
{DATTAPE, TPDAT, 8, 7, “CERTANCE”, “ULTRIUM 3”, 0, 0, {0},
MTCAN_BSF | MTCAN_BSR | MTCAN_APPEND | MTCAN_SETMK |
MTCAN_PREV | MTCAN_SYNC | MTCAN_SPEOD | MTCAN_CHKRDY |
MTCAN_VAR | MTCAN_SETSZ | MTCAN_SILI | MTCAN_SEEK |
LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 63
6
Chapter 6 UNIX Settings
Configuring for HP-UX 11.0
M TCAN_COMPRESS,
40, 5*60, 10*60, 10*60, 3*3600, 512, 256*512,
tpsc_default_dens_count, tpsc_defalt_hwg_dens_names,
tpsc_default_alias_dens_names, {0}, 0, 0, 0, 0, (u_char*) 0},
After modifying the configuration file, recompile the kernel with the
autoconfig command and reboot the system. If you are replacing an
existing storage device with the same SCSI ID remove the device files
prior to using the
autoconfig command and rebooting the system.
Configuring for HP-UX 11.0 6
Finding Current Hardware/Driver Configuration
6
Attaching the LTO-3 Tape Drive
To find currently installed SCSI controllers and devices, use the
command can
ioscan–f. This command lists all the system devices and
their device names.
Choose a SCSI address that does not conflict with any already attached
SCSI devices on your SCSI controller. See figure 2
6
for jumper installation
for the LTO-3 internal drive. Attach the LTO-3 Tape Drive and apply
power to the drive(s) and the host system. After the boot process
completes and you log in as superuser, issue the command:
ioscan –C tape –f.
You should see output similar to:
Class I H/WPath Driver S/WState H/Wtype Description
Tape 7 8/12.6.0 stape Claimed Device CERTANCE ULTRIUM
From the root directory and as superuser, issue the command:
/sbin/insf –C tape.
Then issue the command:
/sbin/mksf –d stape –H x/x.x.x –I y –c 1
–n –u /dev/rmt/zcnb
Where:
64 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide
• x is the data under H/WPath from the ioscan.
•
y is the data under I from the ioscan.
•
z is the tape device identifier number.
Chapter 6 UNIX Settings
Configuring for HP-UX 11.0
You can execute an
ls command for the /dev/rmt directory to choose an
identifier number that has not already been used. You can also choose a
unique device name such as cnb to more easily remember which device
name will enable data compression during write. Refer to the man pages
for mksf to review settings for r
AT&T mode.
After performing the
ioscan
–fn | grep –C tape to check the installation. You should see
insf and mksf commands, use the command
ewind/no rewind, Berkeley mode, and
output showing the hardware and device addressing and also the device
name attached to the LTO-3 Tape Drive.
LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 65
Chapter 6 UNIX Settings
Configuring for HP-UX 11.0
66 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 7
7Troubleshooting Guide
This chapter contains best practices for getting the most out of your
LTO-3 tape drive. This chapter also contains troubleshooting information
you can use to identify and resolve tape drive problems in the unlikely
even you encounter a problem with your tape drive.
Topics covered in this chapter are:
• Installation Best Practices
• Troubleshooting Suggestions
Installation Best Practices 7
Follow SCSI Best Practices
SCSI Host Bus Adapters (HBA)
When installing an LTO-3 Tape Drive, follow SCSI best practices to
ensure trouble-free installation and operation.
7
We strongly recommend that you attach the LTO-3 Tape Drive to SCSI
controllers that support the SCSI Ultra 160 LVD interface and 160 MBytes
7
SCSI transfer rate only.
LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 67
Chapter 7 Troublesh ooting Guide
Installation Best Practices
Do Not: 7
• Attach the tape drives to a non-LVD SCSI controller, as this will
degrade the performance of the tape drive and the performance of
your backups.
• Attach non-LVD SCSI devices on the same bus cable, as this will
degrade the performance of the tape drive and your backups.
• Connect the tape drive to a disk RAID controller, as this is not sup-
ported.
If you are installing an adapter, we recommend you use a SCSI LVD
controller kit that includes the SCSI cable and terminator.
If installing a SCSI HBA, be sure it is supported by your operating system
and your backup software application. In addition, ensure that you have
the proper drivers for the HBA, if any are necessary.
Before you install the HBA, check and record your current system
configuration. For example, in Windows 2000, you may find information
on any currently installed SCSI HBA by:
Adding the Tape Drive
• Double-clicking on
• Clicking on
Computer Management > Device Manager.
Administrative Tools in the Control Panel.
• Clicking on the SCSI host adapters listed.
• Clicking on
Properties to view the Resources tab.
In UNIX/Linux systems, you may find information on any currently
installed SCSI HBA by viewing the boot log text file. Refer to your
operating system documentation for specific information on reviewing
your system configuration.
After installing the SCSI HBA, reboot the system. Then ensure that the
operating system recognizes the HBA and that there are no conflicts with
other adapters.
We recommend that the LTO-3 Tape Drive be attached to a dedicated
SCSI HBA. In addition to enabling the best performance for your tape
7
drive, a dedicated SCSI HBA reduces the chances of installation
difficulties arising from duplicate SCSI IDs on the same bus channel.
68 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 7 Troubleshooting Guide
Troubleshooting Suggestions
Ensure that the SCSI cable is of high quality and conforms to Ultra 160
SCSI specifications. A lesser quality cable or a cable that does not conform
to the Ultra 160 SCSI specification may cause intermittent write/read
errors, SCSI timeouts, and corrupted data.
T roubleshooting Suggestions 7
Computer will not Boot
Computer Boots but Does Not Recognize the Tape Drive
If the computer has booted up and operated properly prior to adding a
SCSI HBA and tape drive, but does not boot now:
7
1 Remove the SCSI HBA controller if it is installed.
2 Reboot the system.
• If the system boots normally, the problem is resolved.
• Otherwise, ensure that SCSI HBA is compatible with system,
does not have burnt components. Reseat the SCSI HBA in a
different PCI slot and reboot the computer. If the system still
does not boot, contact Customer Support.
If the computer boots but does not recognize the tape drive:
1 Reboot the system and check whether the SCSI controller is seen at
7
boot up. You should see messages similar to:
SCSI Adapter Manufacturer SCSI BOIS xxxxxxx
CHA: SCSI ID #, SCSI Device Name
SCSI ID #, SCSI Device Name”
• If the SCSI Controller is not recognized during system boot,
contact Customer Support.
• If the SCSI controller is recognized during system boot.,
determine whether the tape drive is recognized when the SCSI
controller scans for devices. You should see messages similar to:
“SCSI ID 6 CERTANCE ULTRIUM 3 160
LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 69
Chapter 7 Troublesh ooting Guide
Troubleshooting Suggestions
• If the tape drive is not recognized during the SCSI controller
If the Power LED is not illuminated, check the power connections to the
tape drive.
scan, check the
Power LED to make sure the tape drive is
receiving power.
Internal tape drive:
1 Power down the system and reseat the power connector on tape
drive.
2 Power on the system and check the
3 If the
Power LED is not illuminated, replace the power connector
Power LED.
attached to the tape drive with one from a known working device
such as a CD-ROM. If the
Power LED is illuminated, the problem was
with the power connector. Otherwise, the tape drive may be bad and
Customer Support should be contacted.
Desktop tape drive:
1 Turn power off to the tape drive and reseat the AC power cord.
2 Power on the tape drive and check the
3 If the
Power LED is not illuminated, use an AC power cord from a
known working device. If the
Power LED is illuminated, the problem
Power LED.
was with the cable. Otherwise, the tape drive may be bad and
Customer Support should be contacted.
•If the
Power LED is illuminated, but the tape drive is not
recognized during the SCSI controller scan, use the LEDs to
verify that the drive has passed its Power-On-Self-Test (POST).
See table 4
on page 25. If the tape drive LEDs indicate a POST
failure, the tape drive may be bad. Contact Customer Support.
7
7
• If the tape drive LEDs indicate that the drive has passed the
POST, check the following connections:
70 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 7 Troubleshooting Guide
Troubleshooting Suggestions
Internal tape drive: 7
1 Power down the system.
2 Be sure there are no SCSI ID conflicts between the tape drive and
other SCSI devices.
3 Be sure you are using a proper SCSI cable and proper termination.
4 Check the SCSI cable for bent pins.
5 Try to use SCSI cable from other SCSI controller bus chain if possible.
6 If these suggestions do not help, the tape drive may be bad and
Customer Support should be contacted.
Tape Drive Recognized During System Boot But Not by Operating System or Application
Desktop tape drive:
1 Power down system.
2 Power cycle desktop tape drive.
3 Be sure there are no SCSI ID conflict between the tape drive and other
SCSI devices.
4 Be sure you are using a proper SCSI cable and proper termination.
5 Check the SCSI cable for bent pins.
6 Try to use SCSI cable from other SCSI controller bus chain if possible.
7 If these suggestions do not help, the tape drive may be bad and
Customer Support should be contacted.
Windows Operating System
When the tape drive is installed in a Windows operating system,
Windows displays a message on the screen if it does not have a driver in
place for the tape drive.
7
If the tape drive will be used by an ISV application, you can click on the
Cancel button to remove the message. When the ISV backup software
application is running, the application invokes its drivers to run the tape
drive. However, if you use a native Windows operating system backup
utility, you must install the proper tape driver for the tape drive.
7
LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 71
Chapter 7 Troublesh ooting Guide
Troubleshooting Suggestions
Red Hat Linux 7
The tape driver for Red Hat Linux is called “st”. This driver is
automatically installed when Red Hat Linux is installed on your system.
When Red Hat Linux boots, the operating system recognizes the tape
drive and installs the tape drive as a device in the
the first tape device in the
/dev/st0 or /dev/nst0.
There are various ways to view the log files to see whether Linux
recognizes the tape drive. One method is to open a terminal window and
issue the following command from the root directory:
You may see output similar to:
(scsi0)<Adaptec AHA-294XX Ultra160 SCSI host adapter> found at PCI 0/16/0
You may also be able to use the command:
cat /proc/scsi/scsi
You may see output similar to:
Host: scsi0 Channel: 0 Id:6 Lun:00
Vendor: CERTANCE Mo del: ULTRIUM 3
Type: SequentialAccess ANSI SCSI Revision 04
/dev directory. If this is
/dev directory, the tape drive is known as
dmesg | grep SCSI
You can also use a text editor to view the messages in the file /var/log/ and
look for tape drive entries.
Sometimes a system may have multiple tape device names in the
directory and will not know which st number to use. To view the st
device number for your attached tape drive, use the command:
dmesg | grep tape
You should see output similar to:
Detected SCSI tape st0 and scsi0 . . .
Problems with Tape Drive and Cartridge
Tape will not Load into Tape Drive
1 Verify that the tape drive’s
7
other LEDs are off. If the
Power LED is illuminated and that all
Power LED is not illuminated, refer to the
procedures for troubleshooting LEDs under Computer Boots but
Does Not Recognize the Tape Drive to determine why it is not
illuminated.
72 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide
/dev
Chapter 7 Troubleshooting Guide
Troubleshooting Suggestions
2 If the Power LED is illuminated but other LEDs are on or flashing.
check to see if other LED activity is normal or abnormal (see table 4
on page 25).
3 If the
Power-On-Self-Test Failure LEDs are on, contact Customer
Support.
4 If other LEDs are on, reboot the drive by holding the front panel
button for more than 5 seconds and releasing it or by power cycling
the drive.
5 Verify that the tape drive passed the
Power-On-Self-Test by viewing
LED activity. All LEDs should be off approximately 20 to 30 seconds
after the tape drive reboots.
6 If the
Power-On-Self-Test Failure LEDs are on, contact Customer
Support.
7 If all the LEDs are off, except
Power, and a tape cannot be inserted
into the tape drive, examine the tape and the inside of the tape drive.
• Be sure there are no tape labels interfering with tape insertion.
• Be sure tape labels are only on proper tape surfaces, and that
labels are flat and not curled.
• Be sure the tape drive opening is free of debris and tape labels.
• Be sure the tape pin and tape are fully within the cartridge.
• Attempt to insert a second tape if available.
8 If a tape still cannot be inserted into the tape drive:
• If you are inserting a cleaning cartridge:
• Be sure the cleaning tape is valid. The tape drive ejects
unsupported cleaning tapes.
• Be sure that the cleaning tape has not expired, see table 4
page 25 for “Cleaning Cartridge at EOT.”
• If these suggestions do not resolve the problem, contact
Customer Support.
• If you are inserting a data tape, the tape drive may be bad.
Contact Customer Support.
LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 73
on
Chapter 7 Troublesh ooting Guide
Troubleshooting Suggestions
Tape will not Eject from the Drive 7
1 Be sure the tape drive is powered on. If the Power LED is not
illuminated, check whether power is being applied to the system
and/or the desktop tape drive if the tape drive is a desktop unit.
Follow troubleshooting steps under Computer Boots but Does Not
Recognize the Tape Drive on page 69 to determine why the Power
LED is not illuminated.
2 If the
Power LED is illuminated, determine whether the tape drive
LEDs show other tape drive activity. Under normal conditions, it
may take 2 to 3 minutes for the tape to eject. If only the
Drive LED is
blinking, wait for this LED to turn off before trying to eject the tape.
3 If the
Drive LED alone is blinking, wait for it to turn off. Verify that no
other LEDs are on or flashing. Push the eject button on tape drive.
4 If the
Drive LED flashes, wait for the tape to eject (this may take up to
3 minutes). If the tape ejects, the problem has been resolved.
5 If a message similar to the following appears when the eject button is
pushed, use the mt offline command to eject the tape:
You cannot eject the cartridge because the tape drive is in use. Wait until
the operation is complete before ejecting the cartridge. The backup
software may still have the tape drive in prevent mode so that the
cartridge cannot be ejected. Use the backup software commands to eject
the tape.
Note: In Unix/Linux the above message may not appear, but the
operating system may still prevent the tape drive from ejecting
the tape.
1 If the
Drive LED is not blinking alone, see table 4 on page 25 to
determine whether a hardware or firmware error has occurred, or
whether the
Manual Intervention LED is flashing.
• If there is a hardware or firmware error or the
LED is flashing — and the
Drive LED is blinking — contact
Customer Support.
• If there is a hardware or firmware error or the
LED is flashing — and the
Drive LED is not blinking — reboot the
drive by holding the front panel button for more than 5 seconds
and releasing it or power cycling the drive.It may take up to 5
minutes for the tape to eject.
74 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide
Manual Intervention
Manual Intervention
Chapter 7 Troubleshooting Guide
Troubleshooting Suggestions
2 If the Hardware or Firmware Error or Manual Intervention LED is
flashing after the tape drive is rebooted, the tape may be stuck.
Contact Customer Support.
Emergency Reset and Emergency Cartridge Eject
In the unlikely event the LTO-3 Tape Drive stops communicating with
the host computer, use the following procedure to reset the drive and
eject a cartridge (if necessary).
7
Caution: When you perform an emergency cartridge eject, any data
currently in the drive or host's buffers will not be written
to the tape and the tape record may not be correctly
terminated with an End-of-Data mark. If the End-of-Data
mark is not written to the tape, you will not be able to
append any data to that tape unless you overwrite the
existing data on the tape.
To perform an emergency reset, hold down the load/unload button
between 5 to 15 seconds, and then release it.
• If there is no tape in the drive, the drive firmware reboots the drive
and begins the power-on self-test sequence.
• If there is a tape in the drive, the drive ignores all outstanding SCSI
commands, ejects the tape, reboots, and begins the Power-On-SelfTest sequence.
If the procedures above do not eject the cartridge from the drive, you may
need to remove the cartridge manually, as described under
Removing a Cartridge
on www.quantum.com/support.
Manually
Problems During Backup/Restore Operations
Backup Failures
A backup failure can be caused by various reasons. The LTO-3 Tape
7
Drive support the
steps start when software logs a
TapeAlert message either on the main console screen or in the backup
software’s log file. There may be more than one
TapeAlert standard. The following troubleshooting
TapeAlert message. You can view the
TapeAlert message per
backup failure event.
1 The
TapeAlert message or backup log shows, “The operation has
stopped because an error has occurred while reading or writing data which
the drive cannot correct.
LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 75
”
Chapter 7 Troublesh ooting Guide
Troubleshooting Suggestions
A media error occurred during write or read operation on the tape
drive. Review the troubleshooting procedures to ensure that the
proper SCSI cabling and termination practices are being followed.
Restart the backup if any changes are made to the SCSI cabling or
termination or if any cables or terminator are unplugged then replugged.
This message may also be seen with, “
the tape drive is faulty.
the tape drive supplier helpline.
” or “The tape is damaged or the drive is faulty. Call
” If either of these messages also appears,
The tape is from a faulty batch or
use a good tape to test the drive. If the problem persists, call the tape
drive supplier helpline.
2 Remove the data tape and insert a cleaning cartridge. After the
cleaning cartridge ejects reinsert the data tape and restart the backup.
If the backup succeeds, the problem is resolved.
3 If the backup fails, try to isolate the tape media vs. tape drive. Use
diagnostic software to perform a write/read test of 4 Gbytes of data.
The current data on the tape
PREVIOUSLY WRITTEN DATA ON THE TAPE WILL BE DESTROYED
WILL BE OVERWRITTEN AND ALL
.
Use a second tape for the diagnostic test. If the diagnostic test passes
on the second tape, use the tape for the backup process and remove
the first tape from the backup process.
4 If the diagnostic test fails on the second tape, insert a cleaning tape
into the drive and repeat the diagnostic write/read test. If the
diagnostic test passes on the second tape, the problem is resolved.
5 If the diagnostic test fails on the second tape, the tape drive may be
bad. Use the diagnostic software to perform a write/read test on the
first data tape. The current data on the tape
ALL PREVIOUSLY WRITTEN DATA ON THE TAPE WILL BE
DESTROYED
. If the diagnostic test passes on the first tape, the
WILL BE OVERWRITTEN.
problem is resolved. If the diagnostic fails on the first tape, the tape is
bad and should not be used any longer.
6 If a second data tape is not available to test with the diagnostic
software, but a cleaning tape is available, insert the cleaning tape.
Remove the cleaning tape after the cleaning tape ejects and restart the
backup. If backup is successful, the tape drive and tape are
satisfactory.
7 If the backup fails, use the diagnostic software to perform a write/
read test of 4 Gbytes of data. The current data on the tape
OVERWRITTEN. ALL PREVIOUSLY WRITTEN DATA ON THE TAPE WILL
76 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide
WILL BE
Chapter 7 Troubleshooting Guide
Troubleshooting Suggestions
BE DESTROYED
. If the tape drive passes the diagnostic write/read
test, perform backup again. If the tape drive fails the diagnostic, the
drive may be bad. Contact Customer Support.
Tape is Write Protected
The following troubleshooting steps start when software logged a
TapeAlert message. The
TapeAlert message can be viewed either on the
main console screen or in the backup software’s log file. There may be
more than one
1 The
write-protected cartridge. Remove the write-protection or use another tape.
TapeAlert message per backup failure event.
TapeAlert message or backup log shows, “Y ou are trying to write to a
Eject the tape from the drive and move the write protect tab to the
enable position. Reinsert the tape and restart the backup.
2 If the
TapeAlert message or backup log shows, “The memory in the tape
cartridge has failed, which reduces performance. Do not use the cartridge for
further backup operations.
” a Cartridge Memory chip failure may have
occurred in the tape cartridge or a tape drive failure may have
occurred. Use another tape to perform a backup. (This message may
be seen with, “
drive. The cartridge will appear as write-protected.
Y o u have loaded a cartridge of a type that is read-only in this
”)
3 Insert a second tape and restart the backup. The backup should be
successful. The first tape cannot be used for further backups. If you
insert a second tape for a backup and other tape alert messages
appear in the backup software again, the tape drive may be bad.
7
”
4 If you start a backup and the software displays a message on the
console a message similar to “
OK to overwrite the media or insert new media that can be overwritten
Overwrite protection is set to ______. Click
indicates a software-related problem. Refer to the backup software
instructions on overwrite and append settings.
Miscellaneous TapeAlert Messages
1 If either of the following messages appears:
The tape drive has a hardware fault:
1 Eject the tape or magazine.
2 Reset the drive.
3 Restart the operation.
LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 77
.” it
7
Chapter 7 Troublesh ooting Guide
Troubleshooting Suggestions
Or
The tape drive has a hardware fault:
Check the tape drive users manual for device specific instructions on turning the
device power on and off
1 1.Turn the tape drive off and then on again.
2 2.Restart the operation.
3 3.If the problem persists, call the tape drive supplier helpline.
.
To determine whether the LED activity indicates a
Error
or Manual Intervention Required see table 4 on page 25. If it does,
Hardware or Firmware
power cycle the tape drive. The tape should eject. This may take several
minutes.
If the tape drive ejects the tape and all LEDs are off (with the possible
exception of
If the tape did not eject and the LEDs show
Firmware Error, or Manual Intervention Required, the drive may be bad.
Cleaning Request LED), the problem is resolved.
POST Failure, Hardware, or
Contact Customer Support.
1 If you have a problem with inserting a cleaning cassette and receive
the message:
The last cleaning cartridge used in the tape drive has worn out:
1 Discard the worn out cleaning cartridge.
2 Wait for the current operation to finish.
3 Then use a new cleaning cartridge.
It means the cleaning cartridge is used up. Purchase a new cartridge
to perform any more cleaning cycles. Normal operation of the drive is
not affected. The drive will continue to automatically eject the
expired cleaning cartridge.
2 If you insert a cleaning tape that is not expired but the tape is being
ejected by the tape drive without performing the cleaning, you may
see the message:
The last cleaning cartridge used in the tape drive was an invalid type:
1 Do not use this cleaning cartridge in this drive.
2 Wait for the current operation to finish.
3 Then use a valid cleaning cartridge.
78 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide
Chapter 7 Troubleshooting Guide
Troubleshooting Suggestions
This message means the tape drive does not recognize the cleaning
tape as being of a valid type. You may have purchased a cleaning
tape that is not supported by the tape drive. Purchase a supported
cleaning tape.
3 If the tape drive issues a message to backup software to instruct you
to clean the tape drive, you may see the message:
The tape drive needs cleaning:
1 If the operation has stopped, eject the tape and clean the drive.
2 If the operation has not stopped, wait for it to finish and then clean the
drive.
3 Check the tape drive users manual for device specific cleaning
instructions.
This message means you should use a supported cleaning tape.
Slow Backups
There are many factors that can make backups appear to be “slow.” To
achieve the highest possible transfer rate, the LTO-3 tape drive MUST be
attached to a Low Voltage Differential (LVD) SCSI controller capable of a
minimum of 80 Mbytes/s and MUST not share the same SCSI bus as
another active SCSI device such as hard drives.
1 Is the tape drive attached to an LVD SCSI controller? This can be
determined by viewing the boot process of the system and looking to
see what controller the tape drive is attached to. There may be boot
log files that can be examined to determine what SCSI controller the
tape drive is attached to.
2 If the tape drive is not attached to an LVD SCSI controller, attach the
tape drive to a LVD SCSI controller to achieve best possible hardware
performance for best possible transfer rate.
3 If the tape drive is attached to an LVD SCSI controller, see whether
the tape drive is the only device on the SCSI cable? This can be
determined by viewing Windows Device Manager, viewing Unix/
Linux logs, or by viewing SCSI controller during system boot up.
4 If other SCSI devices are attached to the SCSI controller and are active
during the time when a backup is performed to the tape drive, have
the tape drive as the only device on the SCSI cable to achieve the best
possible backup performance.
7
LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 79
Chapter 7 Troublesh ooting Guide
Troubleshooting Suggestions
The method of performing the backups can also be a factor in “slow”
backups. Data sent to the tape drive over a network connection and
delays in data transfer over a network connection can cause backups to
slow down.
1 Perform write/read test with diagnostic software. This ensures a test
of the connection between the tape drive and SCSI controller and
removes the network data transfer and the backup software from the
diagnosis. The write/read test
2 When the test finishes, determine the megabyte per second data
transfer. The resulting calculation shows the tape drive performing at
an acceptable rate.
3 If you believe that the write/read transfer is slow even after using the
diagnostic software write/read test, use the Quantum Tape
Diagnostic software to perform a trace buffer retrieval. Send the file
to Customer Support, so that the state of the SCSI bus can be
determined.
4 If the diagnostic write/read test transfer rate is acceptable, but
backups still seem to be “slow,” it may be attributed to the number of
files and the average file sizes that are to be backed up. These factors
can have a significant effect on the backup performance. Backups
where the average file size is less than 200 Kbytes are slower than
backups where the average file size is greater than 200 Kbytes. Obtain
backup log files to determine number of files and average file size.
will overwrite data on the tape.
80 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide
Index
A
AIX 4.1 settings 58
B
Backup/restore problems 75
Best practices
blink codes
67
25
C
Cartridges
care and maintenance 28
75
ejecting
26
loading
specifications 47
troubleshooting
unloading
write-protecting
72
26
27, 77
Checking SCSI termination
desktop drive
internal drive 15
Cleaning a tape drive
Computer boots but does not
recognize tape drive
Computer will not boot
Configuring
internal drive
Connecting
power cable
desktop drive
internal drive
SCSI cable for desktop drive 19
SCSI cable for internal drive
serial cable for internal drive
20
29
69
69
8
21
18
D
Data buffer 33
Data compression
considerations
36
14
16
LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 81
Index
intelligent 37
Data integrity
error-correction code 34
servo-tracking faults
DEC/Compaq Unix settings
Desktop drive
checking SCSI termination
connecting a power cable
connecting a SCSI cable 19
installation instructions
installing the LTO driver
quick start 5
SCSI ID
Drive
overview
Drive maintenance
cleaning a tape drive
parking a tape drive 30
Drive performance specifications
33
35
54
20
21
18
21
19
xi
29
E
Ejecting a cartridge 75
Electromagnetic compatibility
Emergency cartridge eject 75
Emergency reset
Environmental requirements
Error-correction code 34
External drive
quick start
75
5
50
44
F
Features 2
Front panel display 24
43
G
Guidelines, internal drive 5
H
HP-UX 11.0 settings 64
I
IBM AIX 4.1.x and later settings 58
Injected noise
Inspection
Installation instructions
desktop drive
checking SCSI termination
connecting a power cable 21
connecting a SCSI cable
installing the LTO driver
overview 18
setting the SCSI ID
internal drive
checking SCSI termination
configuration
connecting a power cable
connecting a SCSI cable 14
connecting a serial cable
installing the LTO driver
mounting instructions 11
overview
Installing the LTO driver
desktop drive
internal drive
Intelligent data compression
Internal drive
checking SCSI termination
configuring
45
3
19
21
19
8
18
16
18
8
21
18
37
15
8
20
15
82 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide
Index
connecting a power cable 18
connecting a SCSI cable
connecting a serial cable 16
guidelines and cautions
installation instructions
installing the LTO driver 18
mounting
quick start
SCSI ID 8
terminator power
11
4
10
L
Layout of track 31
Linux settings
Loading a cartridge 26
LTO-3
features
61
2
M
14
5
8
Power cable connection
desktop drive
internal drive 18
Power specifications
21
42
Q
Quick start
desktop drive
external drive 5
internal drive
5
4
R
Recording method 33
Registering tape drive
Regulatory compliance 48
Reliability
Reset, emergency
45
18, 21
75
Mean time between failures 46
Method of recording 33
Mounting
internal drive
11
O
Overview xi
P
Parking a tape drive 30
Physical specifications
LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide 83
40
S
SCO Open Server 5.0.x Unix settings
59
SCSI cable connection
desktop drive
internal drive
SCSI controllers
SCSI ID
desktop drive
internal drive
SCSI II specification xiii
Serial cable connection
internal drive
Servo-tracking faults 35
SGI Irix settings
19
14
54
19
8
16
63
Index
Slow backups 79
Specifications
drive performance
electromagnetic compatibility
environmental requirements
injected noise 45
LTO cartridge
mean time between failures
physical 40
42
power
regulatory compliance
reliability 45
Sun (Solaris 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 7, 8, 9) Unix
settings
55
43
50
44
47
46
48
T
Tape drive
cleaning
parking
registering 18, 21
troubleshooting
Tape drive not recognized by
operating system or application
Tape will not eject from drive
TapeAlert messages 77
Terminator power
internal drive
Track layout 31
Troubleshooting
backup/restore problems
Computer boots but does not
computer will not boot 69
slow backups
tape drive not recognized by
tape drives and cartridges
29
30
72
74
10
69
75
recognize tape drive
69
79
operating system or application
71
72
71
tape will not eject from drive 74
tapeAlert messages
U
Unix settings
DEC/Compaq Unix 54
SCO Open Server 5.0.x
Sun (Solaris 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 7, 8, 9)
Unloading a cartridge 26
Unpacking
3
W
Write-protecting a cartridge 27, 77
77
59
55
84 LTO-3 Tape Drive User’s Guide
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