Qnap QuTS hero 4.5.x User Manual

QuTS hero 4.5.x

User Guide

Document Version: 1 18/11/2020

QuTS hero 4.5.x User Guide

Contents
1. Preface
Audience.....................................................................................................................................................	10
Document Conventions..............................................................................................................................	10
2. Overview
About QuTS hero........................................................................................................................................	11
What's New in QuTS hero...........................................................................................................................	11
Support and Other Resources....................................................................................................................	12
NAS Access................................................................................................................................................	13
Accessing the NAS Using a Browser.....................................................................................................	13
Accessing the NAS Using Qfinder Pro...................................................................................................	14
Accessing the NAS Using Qmanager.....................................................................................................	14
2-step Verification...................................................................................................................................	15
QuTS hero Navigation................................................................................................................................	17
Task Bar..................................................................................................................................................	17
Main Menu..............................................................................................................................................	25
Desktop..................................................................................................................................................	27
Getting Started............................................................................................................................................	31
3. System Settings
General Settings.........................................................................................................................................	33
Configuring System Administration Settings..........................................................................................	33
Configuring Time Settings......................................................................................................................	34
Configuring Daylight Saving Time..........................................................................................................	35
Configuring Codepage Settings..............................................................................................................	36
Configuring Region Settings...................................................................................................................	36
Configuring the Login Screen.................................................................................................................	36
Security.......................................................................................................................................................	36
Configuring the Allow/Deny List..............................................................................................................	37
Configuring IP Access Protection...........................................................................................................	37
Configuring Account Access Protection.................................................................................................	38
Certificate & Private Key.........................................................................................................................	38
Configuring the Password Policy............................................................................................................	40
Hardware....................................................................................................................................................	40
Configuring General Hardware Settings.................................................................................................	40
Configuring Audio Alert Settings.............................................................................................................	41
Backup Battery Unit (BBU).....................................................................................................................	41
Configuring Smart Fan Settings.............................................................................................................	42
Configuring Expansion Cards Settings...................................................................................................	43
Power..........................................................................................................................................................	43
EuP Mode...............................................................................................................................................	43
Wake-on-LAN (WOL)..............................................................................................................................	44
Power Recovery.....................................................................................................................................	44
Power Schedule.....................................................................................................................................	44
Firmware Update........................................................................................................................................	45
Firmware Update Requirements.............................................................................................................	45
Checking for Live Updates.....................................................................................................................	46
Updating the Firmware Manually............................................................................................................	47
Updating the Firmware Using Qfinder Pro..............................................................................................	48
Backup/Restore..........................................................................................................................................	49
Backing Up System Settings..................................................................................................................	49

Restoring System Settings.....................................................................................................................	50
System Reset and Restore to Factory Default.......................................................................................	50
External Device...........................................................................................................................................	52
USB Printer.............................................................................................................................................	52
Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)......................................................................................................	53
System Status.............................................................................................................................................	55
Resource Monitor.......................................................................................................................................	56
4. Privilege Settings
Users...........................................................................................................................................................	57
Default Administrator Account................................................................................................................	57
Creating a Local User.............................................................................................................................	57
Creating Multiple Users..........................................................................................................................	59
User Account Lists..................................................................................................................................	60
Importing Users......................................................................................................................................	61
Exporting Users......................................................................................................................................	62
Modifying User Account Information.......................................................................................................	62
Deleting Users........................................................................................................................................	64
Home Folders.........................................................................................................................................	64
User Groups................................................................................................................................................	65
Default User Groups...............................................................................................................................	65
Creating a User Group...........................................................................................................................	65
Modifying User Group Information..........................................................................................................	66
Deleting User Groups.............................................................................................................................	67
Shared Folders...........................................................................................................................................	67
Default Shared Folders...........................................................................................................................	67
Creating a Shared Folder.......................................................................................................................	68
Editing Shared Folder Properties...........................................................................................................	71
Refreshing a Shared Folder...................................................................................................................	73
Removing Shared Folders......................................................................................................................	73
ISO Shared Folders................................................................................................................................	73
Shared Folder Permissions....................................................................................................................	75
Folder Aggregation.................................................................................................................................	78
Shared Folder Encryption.......................................................................................................................	81
Shared Folder Access............................................................................................................................	82
Quota..........................................................................................................................................................	87
Enabling Quotas.....................................................................................................................................	88
Editing Quota Settings............................................................................................................................	88
Exporting Quota Settings........................................................................................................................	89
Quota Conflicts.......................................................................................................................................	89
Domain Security.........................................................................................................................................	89
Active Directory (AD) Authentication......................................................................................................	90
Azure Active Directory Single Sign-On (SSO)........................................................................................	93
LDAP Authentication..............................................................................................................................	94
AD and LDAP Management...................................................................................................................	96
Domain Controller.......................................................................................................................................	97
Enabling a Domain Controller.................................................................................................................	98
Resetting a Domain Controller...............................................................................................................	99
Default Domain User Accounts..............................................................................................................	99
Creating a Domain User.........................................................................................................................	99
Creating Multiple Domain Users...........................................................................................................	100
Domain User Account Lists..................................................................................................................	101
Modifying Domain User Account Information.......................................................................................	103
Deleting Domain Users.........................................................................................................................	104
Domain User Groups............................................................................................................................	105
Computers............................................................................................................................................	106
DNS......................................................................................................................................................	108

QuTS hero 4.5.x User Guide
Back Up/Restore...................................................................................................................................	110
5. File Station
Overview...................................................................................................................................................	112
About File Station.................................................................................................................................	112
System Requirements..........................................................................................................................	112
Supported File Formats........................................................................................................................	112
Parts of the User Interface....................................................................................................................	113
Settings.................................................................................................................................................	115
File Operations..........................................................................................................................................	118
Uploading a File....................................................................................................................................	119
Downloading a File...............................................................................................................................	120
Opening a File......................................................................................................................................	120
Opening Microsoft Word, Excel, and PowerPoint Files Using the Chrome Extension.........................	121
Opening a Text File Using Text Editor..................................................................................................	121
Viewing a File in Google Docs..............................................................................................................	122
Viewing a File in Microsoft Office Online..............................................................................................	122
Opening Image Files Using Image2PDF..............................................................................................	123
Viewing File Properties.........................................................................................................................	123
Modifying File Permissions...................................................................................................................	124
Sorting Files..........................................................................................................................................	125
Copying a File.......................................................................................................................................	125
Moving a File........................................................................................................................................	126
Renaming a File...................................................................................................................................	127
Deleting a File.......................................................................................................................................	128
Restoring a Deleted File.......................................................................................................................	128
Mounting an ISO File............................................................................................................................	129
Unmounting an ISO File.......................................................................................................................	129
Compressing a File...............................................................................................................................	129
Sharing a File or Folder by Email.........................................................................................................	130
Sharing a File or Folder on a Social Network.......................................................................................	132
Sharing a File or Folder Using Share Links..........................................................................................	134
Sharing a File or Folder with a NAS User.............................................................................................	135
Playing an Audio File............................................................................................................................	137
Playing a Video File..............................................................................................................................	138
Playing a Video File Using CAYIN MediaSign Player...........................................................................	138
Opening a 360-degree Image or Video File.........................................................................................	139
Streaming to a Network Media Player..................................................................................................	139
Adding a File to the Transcoding Folder...............................................................................................	140
Canceling or Deleting Transcoding......................................................................................................	141
Viewing Transcode Information............................................................................................................	141
Extracting Compressed Files or Folders..............................................................................................	142
Folder Operations.....................................................................................................................................	142
Uploading a Folder...............................................................................................................................	143
Uploading a Folder Using Drag and Drop............................................................................................	144
Viewing Folder Properties....................................................................................................................	144
Viewing Storage Information................................................................................................................	145
Modifying Folder Permissions..............................................................................................................	146
Viewing Qsync Folders.........................................................................................................................	147
Managing Share Links..........................................................................................................................	147
Viewing Files and Folders Shared with Me..........................................................................................	147
Creating a Folder..................................................................................................................................	148
Copying a Folder..................................................................................................................................	148
Creating a Desktop Shortcut................................................................................................................	149
Adding a Folder to Favorites................................................................................................................	149
Removing a Folder from Favorites.......................................................................................................	150
Compressing a Folder..........................................................................................................................	150

Deleting a Folder..................................................................................................................................	151
Creating a Shared Folder.....................................................................................................................	151
Sharing Space with a New User...........................................................................................................	154
Adding a Folder to the Transcoding Folder..........................................................................................	155
Canceling or Deleting Transcoding......................................................................................................	156
Locking or Unlocking an Encrypted Shared Folder..............................................................................	156
Keeping a Folder or a File in Reserved Cache.....................................................................................	157
Removing a Folder from Reserved Cache...........................................................................................	158
6. Storage & Snapshots
QNAP Flexible Storage Architecture........................................................................................................	160
QuTS hero Lite Storage Limitations..........................................................................................................	161
Global Settings.........................................................................................................................................	161
Storage Global Settings........................................................................................................................	161
Disk Health Global Settings..................................................................................................................	161
Snapshot Global Settings.....................................................................................................................	162
Storage.....................................................................................................................................................	163
Disks.....................................................................................................................................................	163
Storage Pools.......................................................................................................................................	170
Shared Folders.....................................................................................................................................	177
RAID.....................................................................................................................................................	188
Self-Encrypting Drives (SEDs).............................................................................................................	192
Expansion Units........................................................................................................................................	196
Expansion Unit Actions.........................................................................................................................	196
Expansion Unit Automatic Recovery....................................................................................................	197
QNAP External RAID Devices..............................................................................................................	197
QNAP JBOD Enclosures......................................................................................................................	209
Snapshots.................................................................................................................................................	211
Snapshot Storage Limitations...............................................................................................................	211
Snapshot Creation................................................................................................................................	211
Snapshot Management........................................................................................................................	213
Snapshot Data Recovery......................................................................................................................	215
Snapshot Clone....................................................................................................................................	218
Snapshot Replica.................................................................................................................................	219
Cache Acceleration...................................................................................................................................	230
Cache Acceleration Requirements.......................................................................................................	230
Creating the SSD Cache......................................................................................................................	231
Configuring SSD Cache Disks..............................................................................................................	232
Configuring Cached Storage................................................................................................................	232
Removing the SSD Cache....................................................................................................................	233
External Storage.......................................................................................................................................	233
External Storage Device Actions..........................................................................................................	233
External Storage Disk Actions..............................................................................................................	234
External Storage Partition Actions........................................................................................................	234
Formatting an External Storage Partition.............................................................................................	234
VJBOD (Virtual JBOD)..............................................................................................................................	236
VJBOD Requirements..........................................................................................................................	236
VJBOD Limitations...............................................................................................................................	237
VJBOD Automatic Reconnection..........................................................................................................	237
VJBOD Creation...................................................................................................................................	237
VJBOD Management............................................................................................................................	241
VJBOD Cloud...........................................................................................................................................	244
Installation............................................................................................................................................	244
VJBOD Cloud Volume and LUN Creation............................................................................................	244
Overview...............................................................................................................................................	256
Transfer Resources..............................................................................................................................	260
Event Logs............................................................................................................................................	261

	QuTS hero 4.5.x User Guide
Licenses...............................................................................................................................................	262
7. iSCSI & Fibre Channel
Storage Limits...........................................................................................................................................	264
iSCSI Storage Limits............................................................................................................................	264
Fibre Channel Storage Limits...............................................................................................................	264
iSCSI & Fibre Channel Global Settings....................................................................................................	264
Creating a Block-Based LUN....................................................................................................................	264
iSCSI.........................................................................................................................................................	266
Getting Started with iSCSI....................................................................................................................	267
iSCSI Performance Optimization..........................................................................................................	267
iSCSI Storage.......................................................................................................................................	267
Remote Disk.........................................................................................................................................	276
Fibre Channel...........................................................................................................................................	278
FC Ports...............................................................................................................................................	278
FC Storage...........................................................................................................................................	281
FC WWPN Aliases...............................................................................................................................	283
LUN Import/Export....................................................................................................................................	285
Creating a LUN Export Job...................................................................................................................	286
Importing a LUN from an Image File....................................................................................................	287
LUN Import/Export Job Actions............................................................................................................	289
LUN Import/Export Job Status..............................................................................................................	289
8. Network & Virtual Switch
About Network & Virtual Switch................................................................................................................	290
Basic and Advanced Mode...................................................................................................................	290
Overview...................................................................................................................................................	290
Interfaces..................................................................................................................................................	291
IP Address............................................................................................................................................	291
DNS......................................................................................................................................................	293
Virtual LANs (VLANs)...........................................................................................................................	294
Port Trunking........................................................................................................................................	295
System Default Gateway......................................................................................................................	296
USB QuickAccess................................................................................................................................	297
Wi-Fi.....................................................................................................................................................	298
Thunderbolt..........................................................................................................................................	308
Virtual Switches........................................................................................................................................	310
Creating a Virtual Switch in Basic Mode...............................................................................................	311
Creating a Virtual Switch in Advanced Mode........................................................................................	311
Creating a Virtual Switch in Software-defined Switch Mode.................................................................	314
DHCP Server ...........................................................................................................................................	315
Creating a DHCP Server .....................................................................................................................	315
DHCP Clients.......................................................................................................................................	318
RADVD.................................................................................................................................................	318
Route........................................................................................................................................................	321
Creating a Static Route........................................................................................................................	322
DDNS........................................................................................................................................................	322
Adding a DDNS Service.......................................................................................................................	323
9. Network & File Services
Network Access........................................................................................................................................	324
Service Binding.....................................................................................................................................	324
Proxy Server.........................................................................................................................................	324
Service Ports............................................................................................................................................	325
Win/Mac/NFS............................................................................................................................................	326
Microsoft Networking............................................................................................................................	326

Apple Networking.................................................................................................................................	328
NFS Service.........................................................................................................................................	329
Telnet/SSH................................................................................................................................................	329
Configuring Telnet Connections............................................................................................................	329
Configuring SSH Connections..............................................................................................................	329
Editing SSH Access Permissions.........................................................................................................	330
SNMP........................................................................................................................................................	330
Configuring SNMP Settings..................................................................................................................	330
SNMP Management Information Base (MIB).......................................................................................	331
Service Discovery.....................................................................................................................................	332
UPnP Discovery Service......................................................................................................................	332
Bonjour.................................................................................................................................................	332
FTP...........................................................................................................................................................	332
Configuring FTP Settings.....................................................................................................................	332
Configuring Advanced FTP Settings....................................................................................................	333
Network Recycle Bin.................................................................................................................................	334
Configuring the Network Recycle Bin...................................................................................................	334
Deleting All Files in the Network Recycle Bin.......................................................................................	334
Restricting Access to the Network Recycle Bin....................................................................................	334
10. myQNAPcloud
Getting Started..........................................................................................................................................	336
Account Setup..........................................................................................................................................	336
Creating a QNAP ID With Email or Phone Number..............................................................................	336
Registering a Device to myQNAPcloud................................................................................................	337
Installing myQNAPcloud Link...............................................................................................................	338
Overview...................................................................................................................................................	338
Configuring Port Forwarding.....................................................................................................................	339
Configuring DDNS Settings......................................................................................................................	339
Restarting DDNS Service.........................................................................................................................	340
Configuring Published Services................................................................................................................	340
Enabling myQNAPcloud Link....................................................................................................................	341
Configuring Device Access Controls........................................................................................................	341
Installing an SSL Certificate......................................................................................................................	342
11. App Center
Overview...................................................................................................................................................	344
Left Panel.............................................................................................................................................	344
Toolbar..................................................................................................................................................	344
Main Area.............................................................................................................................................	345
App Operations.........................................................................................................................................	346
Viewing App Information.......................................................................................................................	346
Subscribing to an App License.............................................................................................................	346
Installing an App from App Center........................................................................................................	347
Installing an App Manually....................................................................................................................	347
Updating an App...................................................................................................................................	348
Batch Updating Multiple Apps..............................................................................................................	348
Enabling or Disabling an App...............................................................................................................	349
Migrating an App..................................................................................................................................	349
Granting or Denying User Access to an App........................................................................................	349
Uninstalling an App...............................................................................................................................	350
App Center Settings..................................................................................................................................	350
Adding an App Repository....................................................................................................................	350
Configuring App Update Settings.........................................................................................................	351
Digital Signatures.................................................................................................................................	351
Enabling Installation of Apps without Digital Signatures.......................................................................	351

QuTS hero 4.5.x User Guide

12. Licenses
About QNAP Licenses..............................................................................................................................	353
License Types and Plans......................................................................................................................	353
Validity Period.......................................................................................................................................	353
License Portals and Utility........................................................................................................................	354
Software Store......................................................................................................................................	354
License Center.....................................................................................................................................	354
License Manager..................................................................................................................................	354
Buying a License Using QNAP ID............................................................................................................	355
License Activation.....................................................................................................................................	355
Activating a License Using QNAP ID....................................................................................................	356
Activating a License Using a Product or License Key..........................................................................	357
Activating a License Using a PAK........................................................................................................	358
Activating a License Offline..................................................................................................................	359
License Deactivation.................................................................................................................................	360
Deactivating a License Using QNAP ID...............................................................................................	360
Deactivating a License Offline..............................................................................................................	361
License Extension.....................................................................................................................................	362
Extending a License Using QNAP ID...................................................................................................	363
Extending a License Offline Using an Unused License........................................................................	363
Extending a License Offline Using a Product Key................................................................................	365
Upgrading a License.................................................................................................................................	366
Viewing License Information.....................................................................................................................	367
Recovering Licenses................................................................................................................................	368
Transferring a License to the New QNAP License Server........................................................................	368
Deleting a License....................................................................................................................................	369
13. Multimedia
HybridDesk Station (HD Station)..............................................................................................................	370
Installing HD Station.............................................................................................................................	371
Configuring HD Station.........................................................................................................................	372
HD Station Applications........................................................................................................................	373
Using HD Player in HD Station.............................................................................................................	373
DLNA Media Server..................................................................................................................................	373
Enabling DLNA Media Server...............................................................................................................	373
Configuring DLNA Media Server..........................................................................................................	374
Media Streaming Add-on..........................................................................................................................	374
Configuring General Settings...............................................................................................................	375
Configuring Browsing Settings.............................................................................................................	376
Configuring Media Receivers...............................................................................................................	376
Multimedia Console..................................................................................................................................	377
Overview...............................................................................................................................................	377
Content Management...........................................................................................................................	377
Indexing................................................................................................................................................	378
Thumbnail Generation..........................................................................................................................	379
Transcoding..........................................................................................................................................	382
Multimedia App Suite............................................................................................................................	387
14. QuLog Center
Overview...................................................................................................................................................	391
System Event Log................................................................................................................................	391
System Access Log..............................................................................................................................	391
Local Device Logs....................................................................................................................................	392
Local System Event Logs.....................................................................................................................	392
Local System Access Logs...................................................................................................................	395

Online Users.........................................................................................................................................	397
Creating a Custom Filter Tab for Local Device Logs............................................................................	398
Log Settings..........................................................................................................................................	401
QuLog Service..........................................................................................................................................	405
Log Sender...........................................................................................................................................	405
Log Reciever........................................................................................................................................	406
Sender Devices....................................................................................................................................	409
Notification Settings..................................................................................................................................	417
Configuring Notification Rule Settings..................................................................................................	417
Adding a Log Filter...............................................................................................................................	418
Editing a Log Filter................................................................................................................................	419
Removing a Log Filter..........................................................................................................................	419
15. Notification Center
Overview...................................................................................................................................................	421
Notification Queue and History.................................................................................................................	421
Queue...................................................................................................................................................	421
History..................................................................................................................................................	421
Service Account and Device Pairing.........................................................................................................	422
Email Notifications................................................................................................................................	423
SMS Notifications.................................................................................................................................	425
Instant Messaging Notifications............................................................................................................	427
Push Notifications.................................................................................................................................	429
System Notification Rules.........................................................................................................................	431
Event Notifications................................................................................................................................	431
Settings.....................................................................................................................................................	437
Enabling Send Notification Data to QNAP............................................................................................	438
Disabling Send Notification Data to QNAP...........................................................................................	438
Global Notification Settings.......................................................................................................................	439
System Logs.............................................................................................................................................	439
16. Malware Remover
About Malware Remover..........................................................................................................................	441
Overview...................................................................................................................................................	441
Running a Malware Scan..........................................................................................................................	441
Running a Scheduled Scan......................................................................................................................	442
Settings.....................................................................................................................................................	442
Configuring Malware Remover.............................................................................................................	442
17. Helpdesk
Overview...................................................................................................................................................	444
Configuring Settings.............................................................................................................................	444
Help Request............................................................................................................................................	444
Submitting a Ticket...............................................................................................................................	445
Remote Support........................................................................................................................................	446
Enabling Remote Support....................................................................................................................	446
Extending Remote Support..................................................................................................................	446
Disabling Remote Support....................................................................................................................	446
Diagnostic Tool.........................................................................................................................................	447
Downloading Logs................................................................................................................................	447
Performing an HDD Standby Test........................................................................................................	447
Performing an HDD Stress Test...........................................................................................................	447
18. Console Management
Enabling Secure Shell (SSH)....................................................................................................................	448
Enabling SSH on the NAS....................................................................................................................	448

	QuTS hero 4.5.x User Guide
Enabling SSH on the NAS Using Qfinder Pro......................................................................................	448
Accessing Console Management.............................................................................................................	448
Accessing Console Management For Windows...................................................................................	448
Accessing Console Management for Mac............................................................................................	449
Logging In to Console Management.........................................................................................................	449
Managing Existing Applications................................................................................................................	449
Activating or Deactivating a License.........................................................................................................	451
Sorting System Logs.................................................................................................................................	452
Showing Network Settings........................................................................................................................	455
Restoring or Reinitializing the NAS...........................................................................................................	455
Rebooting the NAS...................................................................................................................................	456
Rebooting the NAS Into Rescue Mode.................................................................................................	456
Rebooting the NAS Into Maintenance Mode........................................................................................	456

QuTS hero 4.5.x User Guide

1. Preface

Audience

This document is intended for consumers and storage administrators. This guide assumes that the user has a basic understanding of storage and backup concepts.

Document Conventions

Symbol	Description
	Notes provide default configuration settings and other supplementary
	information.

	Important notes provide information on required configuration settings and other
	critical information.

	Tips provide recommendations or alternative methods of performing tasks or
	configuring settings.

	Warnings provide information that, when ignored, may result in potential loss,
	injury, or even death.

Preface 10

QuTS hero 4.5.x User Guide

2. Overview

About QuTS hero

QuTS hero is a Linux-based operating system that runs applications for file management, virtualization, surveillance, multimedia, and other purposes. The optimized kernel and various services efficiently manage system resources, support applications, and protect your data. QuTS hero also has built-in utilities that extend the functionality and improve the performance of the NAS.

QuTS hero uses the advanced ZFS file system, which offers features such as inline data duplication, compression, compaction, self healing, and multi-level caching to ensure data integrity and high performance.

The multi-window, multitasking user interface helps you to manage the NAS, user accounts, data, and apps. Out of the box, QuTS hero provides built-in features that allow you to easily store and share files. QuTS hero also contains App Center, which offers additional downloadable applications for customizing the NAS and improving user workflows.

What's New in QuTS hero

Version		New Features
QuTS hero h4.5.1	•	QuTS hero now provides Console Management, a command-line interface
		that supports log viewing, app management, license activation, and other
		operations via SSH.
	•	QuTS hero now supports QuLog Center, which replaces System Logs and
		allows for centralized log management of system events, system access,
		and online user status on your devices.
	•	QuTS hero now supports SAS, SATA, and USB JBOD enclosures.
	•	QuTS hero now supports VJBOD Cloud.
	•	Designed for enhancing system security, Malware Remover is now a built-in
		utility.
	•	File Station now supports HEIC and HEIF images.
	•	File Station now supports playing videos with CAYIN MediaSign Player.
	•	Users can now join the NAS to a domain managed by Azure Active
		Directory Domain Services.
	•	Modified folder permissions and access right settings for mounted SMB and
		NFS shared folders.

Overview 11

		QuTS hero 4.5.x User Guide

Version		New Features
QuTS hero h.4.5.0	QuTS hero h4.5.0 is the first public release of the QuTS hero operating system.
	QuTS hero h4.5.0 offers the following new features:
	•	ZFS: An advanced file system, which ensures high performance and data
		integrity.
	•	Inline data deduplication: A block-based data reduction technique
		performed before data is written to storage. This helps optimize storage
		usage and reduce storage requirements.
	•	Inline compression: Compress data to reduce storage I/O workloads for
		improved performance.
	•	Inline compaction: QuTS hero rearranges how data is stored on SSDs,
		reducing the amount of space required to store data. This can help deliver
		higher cost efficiency for all-flash storage systems.
	•	Data self-healing: ZFS uses end-to-end checksums to detect and correct
		silent data corruption caused by hardware defects, bugs in firmware, or
		metadata errors.
	•	New RAID types: QuTS hero adds support for RAID Triple Parity for
		protecting against three-disk failures, and Triple Mirror for an identical copy
		of data stored on three disks.
	•	RAID Z: Designed to deal with petabytes of data, RAID Z allows you to
		create ready-to-use high-capacity RAID configurations in a matter of
		seconds.
	•	Multi-level cache technology: QuTS hero supports main memory read
		cache (L1 ARC), SSD second-level read cache (L2 ARC), and ZFS Intent
		Log (ZIL) for accelerated read and write performance and improved cache
		integrity.
	•	Near limitless snapshots: Support for up to 65,535 snapshots of iSCSI
		LUNs and shared folders. If one snapshot is created every hour, 24
		snapshots per day, then up to seven years of snapshots can be stored on a
		single NAS.

For details on new features and enhancements, go to https://www.qnap.com/en/release-notes/.

Support and Other Resources

QNAP provides the following resources:

Resource	URL
Documentation	https://download.qnap.com

Compatibility List	https://www.qnap.com/compatibility

NAS Migration Compatibility	https://www.qnap.com/en/nas-migration

Expansion Unit Compatibility	http://www.qnap.com/go/compatibility-expansion

Service Portal	https://service.qnap.com

Product Support Status	https://www.qnap.com/product/eol.php

Downloads	https://download.qnap.com

Overview 12

QuTS hero 4.5.x User Guide

Resource	URL
Community Forum	https://forum.qnap.com

QNAP Accessories Store	https://shop.qnap.com

NAS Access

Method		Description		Requirements
Web browser	You can access the NAS using any		•	Computer that is connected to the
	computer on the same network if you			same network as the NAS
	have the following information:		•	Web browser
	•	NAS name (Example: http://	•	Web browser
	•	NAS name (Example: http://
		example123/) or IP address
	•	Logon credentials of a valid user
		account
	For details, see Accessing the NAS Using
	a Browser.

Qfinder Pro	Qfinder Pro is a desktop utility that		•	Computer that is connected to the
	enables you to locate and access QNAP			same network as the NAS
	NAS devices on a specific network. The		•	Web browser
	utility supports Windows, macOS, Linux,		•	Web browser
	and Chrome OS.		•	Qfinder Pro
	For details, see Accessing the NAS Using		•	Qfinder Pro
	For details, see Accessing the NAS Using
	Qfinder Pro.

Qmanager	Qmanager is a mobile application that		•	Mobile device that is connected to the
	enables administrators to manage and			same network as the NAS
	monitor NAS devices on the same		•	Qmanager
	network.		•	Qmanager
	You can download Qmanager from the
	Apple App Store and the Google Play
	Store.
	For details, see Accessing the NAS Using
	Qmanager.

Explorer (Windows)	You can map a NAS shared folder as a		•	Windows computer that is connected
	network drive to easily access files using			to the same network as the NAS
	Explorer.		•	Qfinder Pro
	For details on mapping shared folders,		•	Qfinder Pro
	see Mapping a Shared Folder on a
	Windows Computer.
Finder (macOS)	You can mount a NAS shared folder as a		•	Mac computer that is connected to
	network drive to easily access files using			the same network as the NAS
	Finder.		•	Qfinder Pro
	For details on mounting shared folders,		•	Qfinder Pro
	see Mounting a Shared Folder on a Mac
	Computer.

Accessing the NAS Using a Browser

1.Verify that your computer is connected to the same network as the NAS.

2.Open a web browser on your computer.

Overview 13

QuTS hero 4.5.x User Guide

3. Type the IP address of the NAS in the address bar.

Tip

If you do not know the IP address of the NAS, you can locate it using Qfinder Pro.

For details, see Accessing the NAS Using Qfinder Pro.

The QuTS hero login screen appears.

4.Optional: Log in QuTS hero using HTTPS.

a.Select Secure login.

A confirmation message appears.

b.Click OK.

You will be redirected to the QuTS hero HTTPS login page.

5.Specify your username and password.

6.Click Login.

The QuTS hero desktop appears.

Accessing the NAS Using Qfinder Pro

1. Install Qfinder Pro on a computer that is connected to the same network as the NAS.

Tip

To download Qfinder Pro, go to https://www.qnap.com/en/utilities.

2.Open Qfinder Pro.

Qfinder Pro automatically searches for all QNAP NAS devices on the network.

3.Locate the NAS in the list, and then double-click the name or IP address. The QuTS hero login screen opens in the default web browser.

4.Specify your username and password.

5.Click Login.

The QuTS hero desktop appears.

Accessing the NAS Using Qmanager

1. Install Qmanager on an Android or iOS device.

Tip

To download Qmanager, go to the Apple App Store or the Google Play Store.

2.Open Qmanager.

3.Tap Add NAS.

Qmanager automatically searches for all QNAP NAS devices on the network.

4.Locate the NAS in the list, and then tap the name or IP address.

5.Specify your username and password.

6.Optional: If your mobile device and NAS are not connected to the same subnet, perform one of the following actions.

Overview 14

QuTS hero 4.5.x User Guide

Action		Steps
Add NAS manually	a. Tap Add NAS manually.
	b. Specify the following information.
	•	Host name or IP address of the NAS
	•	Password of the admin account
	c. Tap Save.

Sign in using QID	a. Tap Sign in QID.
	b. Specify the following information.
	•	Email address that you used to create your QNAP
		account
	•	Password of your QNAP account
	c. Tap Sign in.
	d. Locate the NAS in the list, and then tap the name or IP
	address.

2-step Verification

2-step verification enhances the security of user accounts. When the feature is enabled, users are required to specify a six-digit security code in addition to the account credentials during the login process.

To use 2-step verification, you must install an authenticator application on your mobile device. The application must implement verification services using the Time-based One-time Password Algorithm (TOTP). QuTS hero supports Google Authenticator (for Android, iOS, and BlackBerry) and Authenticator (for Windows Phone).

Enabling 2-step Verification

1.Install an authenticator application on your mobile device. QuTS hero supports the following applications:

•Google Authenticator: Android, iOS, and BlackBerry

•Authenticator: Windows Phone

2.Verify that the system times of the NAS and mobile device are synchronized.

Tip

QNAP recommends connecting to an NTP server to ensure that your NAS follows the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) standard.

3.In QuTS hero, go to Options > 2-step Verification .

4.Click Get Started.

The 2-step Verification window opens.

5.Open the authenticator application on your mobile phone.

6.Configure the application by scanning the QR code or specifying the security key displayed in the 2- step Verification window.

Overview 15

QuTS hero 4.5.x User Guide

7.In the 2-step Verification window, click Next.

The Confirm your 2-step verification settings screen appears.

8.Specify the security code generated by the authenticator application.

9.Select an alternative verification method that will be used whenever your mobile device is inaccessible.

Method	Steps
Answer a security question.	Select one of the options or provide your own security question.

Email a security code.	a. Go to Control Panel > Notification Center > Service
	Account and Device Pairing > Email .
	b. Verify that the SMTP server is correctly configured.

10. Click Finish.

Logging in to QuTS hero Using 2-step Verification

1.Specify your username and password.

2.Specify the security code generated by the authenticator application installed on your mobile device.

3.Optional: If your mobile device is inaccessible, click Verify another way.

4.Specify the answer to the security question.

5.Click Login.

Disabling 2-step Verification

Situation	User Action			Steps
Users are locked out of their	Administrators can disable 2-	1.	Go to Control Panel > Privilege >
accounts.	step verification from the		Users .
	Control Panel.	2. Identify a locked out user, and then click
		2. Identify a locked out user, and then click
			.
		3.	Deselect 2-step Verification.
		4. Click OK.

An administrator is locked out	An administrator must restore	Press the RESET button on the back of the
and no other administrators	the factory settings.	NAS for three seconds.
can access the account.		The NAS restores the default administrator
		password and network settings.
				Note
				Note
				For information on the default
				admin password, see Backup/
				Restore.
				Warning
				Warning
				Pressing the RESET button for 10
				seconds resets all settings and
				deletes all data on the NAS.

Overview 16

QuTS hero 4.5.x User Guide

QuTS hero Navigation

Task Bar

No.		Element				Possible User Actions
1	Show Desktop		Click the button to minimize or restore all open windows.

2	Main Menu		Click the button to open the Main Menu panel on the left side of the
			desktop.
3	Search		•	Type key words to locate settings, applications, and help content.
			•	Click an entry in the search results to open the application,
				system utility, or Help Center window.
						Tip
						Tip
						App or utility search results are classified into
						Systems, Application, and Help.

4	Volume Control		Click the button to view the following:
		Important	•	Media Volume: Click and drag the slider thumb to adjust the
		Important	•	Media Volume: Click and drag the slider thumb to adjust the
		This feature is only		audio volume for applications that use the built-in speaker or line-
		available on		out jack.
		models with certain			•	HD Station
		hardware			•	HD Station
		hardware
		specifications.			•	Music Station
					•	Music Station
					• OceanKTV
			•	Audio Alert Volume: Click and drag the slider thumb to adjust the
				volume of system audio alerts.
5	Background Tasks		•	Position the mouse pointer over the button to see the number of
				background tasks that are running. Examples of background
				tasks are file backup and multimedia conversion.
			•	Click the button to see the following details for each background
				task:
					•	Task name
					•	Task description
					•	Progress (percentage of completion)
			•	Click to stop a task.

Overview 17

QuTS hero 4.5.x User Guide

No.	Element			Possible User Actions
6	External Devices	•	Position the mouse pointer over the button to view the number of
			external storage devices and printers that are connected to the
			USB and SATA ports on the NAS.
		•	Click the button to view the details for each connected device.
		•	Click a listed device to open File Station and view the contents of
			the device.
7	Event Notifications	•	Position the mouse pointer over the button to see the number of
			recent errors, warnings, and notices.
		•	Click the button to view the following details for each event:
			•	Event type
			•	Description
			•	Timestamp
			•	Number of instances
		•	Click a list entry to view the related utility or application screen.
			Clicking a warning or error log entry opens the System Event
			Log window.
		•	Click More>> to open the System Event Log window.
		•	Click Clear All to delete all list entries.
8	Options	Click your profile picture to open the Options screen.

Overview 18

QuTS hero 4.5.x User Guide

No.	Element				Possible User Actions
9	[USER_NAME]	Click the button to view the last login time and the following menu
		items:
		•	Options: Opens the Options window
		•	Sleep: Keeps the NAS powered on but significantly reduces
			power consumption
				Note
				Note
				This feature is only available on models with certain
				hardware specifications.
		•	Restart: Restarts the NAS
		•	Shutdown: Shuts down QuTS hero and then powers off the NAS
				Tip
				Tip
				You can also power off the NAS using one of the
				following methods:
				•	Press and hold the power button for 1.5 seconds.
				•	Open Qfinder Pro, and then go to Tools > Shut
					down Device .
				•	Open Qmanager, and then go to Menu > System
					Tools > System . Tap Shutdown.
		•	Logout: Logs the user out of the current session

Overview 19

				QuTS hero 4.5.x User Guide

No.	Element			Possible User Actions
10	More	Click the button to view the following menu items:
		•	What's New: Opens the What's New window, which displays
			information on the new features and enhancements available in
			the installed QuTS hero version
		•	Help: Displays links to the Quick Start Guide, Virtualization
			Guide, Help Center, and online tutorials page
		•	Language: Opens a list of supported languages and allows you
			to change the language of the operating system
		•	Desktop Preferences: Opens a list of display modes and allows
			you to select your preferred mode of displaying the QuTS hero
			desktop based on your device type
		•	Help Request: Opens the Helpdesk window
		•	Data & Privacy: Opens the QNAP Privacy Policy page
		•	About: Displays the following information:
			•	Operating system
			•	Hardware model
			•	Operating system version
			•	Number of installed drives
			•	Number of empty drive bays
			•	System pool name
			•	Used disk space
			•	Available disk space

11	Dashboard	Click the button to display the dashboard.

Overview 20

QuTS hero 4.5.x User Guide

Dashboard

The dashboard opens in the lower right corner of the desktop.

Tip

You can click and drag a section onto any area of the desktop.

No.	Section		Displayed Information	User Actions
1	System Health	•	NAS name	Click the heading to open Control
		•	Uptime (number of days,	Panel > System > System Status
		•	Uptime (number of days,	> System Information .
			hours, minutes and seconds)	If disk-related issues occur, click
		•	Health status	the heading to open Storage &
		•	Health status	Snapshots.
				Snapshots.
2	Hardware Information	•	System temperature	Click the heading to open Control
		•	CPU fan speed	Panel > System > System Status
		•	CPU fan speed	> Hardware Information .
		•	System fan speed

3	Resource Monitor	•	CPU usage in %	Click the heading to open Control
		•	Memory usage in %	Panel > System > Resource
		•	Memory usage in %	Monitor > Overview .
		•	Network upload and download
			speeds for each adapter.

Overview 21

QuTS hero 4.5.x User Guide

No.	Section		Displayed Information			User Actions
4	Expansion Cards	For each expansion card:		Click the heading to open Control
		•	Assignment (or "Ready" if	Panel > System > Hardware >
		•	Assignment (or "Ready" if	Expansion Cards .
			unassigned)
		•	Manufacturer
		•	Model
		• Memory usage
		• GPU usage
		•	Fan speed
		•	Temperature

5	Disk Health	•	Number of installed disks	•	Click the heading to open the
		•	Health status of installed disks		Disk Health screen in
		•	Health status of installed disks		Storage & Snapshots.
		•	Number of VJBOD disks	•	Click to switch between
		•	Health status of VJBOD disks		disk and NAS information.
		•	Health status of VJBOD disks
				•	Click a disk name to view the
					following information for each
					installed disk:
					•	Capacity/size
					•	Temperature
					•	Health status
				•	Click Details to open Storage
					& Snapshots > Overview >
					Storage .

Overview 22

QuTS hero 4.5.x User Guide

No.	Section		Displayed Information		User Actions
6	Storage	For each shared folder:		•	Click the heading to open the
		•	Status		Storage Resource screen in
		•	Status		the Resource Monitor
		•	Used space		window.
		•	Used space
		•	Available space	•	Click to switch between
		•	Available space		shared folder and storage pool
					shared folder and storage pool
		•	Folder size		information.
		•	Folder size
		For each storage pool:
		•	Status
		•	Used space
		•	Available space
		•	Shared folder size
		For each LUN:
		•	Status
		•	Used space
		•	Available space

7	Online Users	•	Username	Click the heading to open Control
		•	Session duration	Panel > System > QuLog Center
		•	Session duration	> Online Users .
		•	IP address

8	Scheduled Tasks	•	Task type	Use the filters to view tasks that
		•	Task summary	were executed within a specific
		•	Task summary	period.
		•	Task name
		•	Timestamp
		•	Status

9	News	Links to QNAP announcements		Click the heading to open the
				relevant pages on the QNAP
				website.

Overview 23

QuTS hero 4.5.x User Guide

Options

#	Tab			Possible User Actions
1	Profile	•	Specify the following optional information:
			•	Profile picture
			•	E-mail
			• Phone number
		•	Click View to open the System Connection Logs screen.
		•	Click Edit login screen to open the Login Screen
			configuration screen in the Control Panel window.
		•	Click Apply to save all changes.

2	Wallpaper	•	Select a wallpaper from the built-in options or upload a photo.
		•	Click Apply to save all changes.

3	2-step Verification	Click Get Started to open the configuration wizard.
4	Change Password	•	Specify the following information:
			•	Old password
			•	New password: Specify a password with a maximum of
				64 characters. QNAP recommends using passwords with
				at least 6 characters.
		•	Click Apply to save all changes.

5	E-mail Account	•	Add, edit, and delete email accounts that you intend to use to
			share files.
		•	Click Apply to save all changes.

Overview 24

				QuTS hero 4.5.x User Guide

#	Tab			Possible User Actions
6	Miscellaneous	•	Enable the following settings.
			•	Auto logout after an idle period of: You can specify the
				duration of inactivity after which the user is automatically
				logged out.
			•	Warn me when leaving QuTS hero: When enabled,
				QuTS hero prompts users for confirmation whenever they
				try to leave the desktop (by clicking the Back button or
				closing the browser). QNAP recommends enabling this
				setting.
			•	Reopen windows when logging back into NAS: When
				enabled, the current desktop settings (including all open
				windows) are retained until the next session.
			•	Show the desktop switching button: When enabled,
				QuTS hero displays the desktop switching buttons < > on
				the left and right sides of the desktop.
			•	Show the link bar on the desktop: When enabled,
				QuTS hero displays the link bar on the bottom of the
				desktop.
			•	Keep Main Menu open after selection: When enabled,
				QuTS hero keeps the main menu pinned to the desktop
				after you open it.
			•	Show a list of actions when external storage devices
				are detected: When enabled, QuTS hero displays an
				Autoplay dialog box whenever an external storage
				device is inserted into a USB or SATA port.
		•	Click Apply to save all changes.

Main Menu

No.	Section	Description	Possible User Actions
1	NAS Information	Displays the NAS name and model	N/A
		number.

Overview 25

							QuTS hero 4.5.x User Guide

No.	Section			Description			Possible User Actions
2	System	Displays a list of system utilities and			•	Open a system utility or
		other programs that enable you to				application in the QuTS hero
		manage the NAS.				desktop
		The following are the default system				•	Click a menu item.
		utilities:				•	Click a menu item.
		•	Control Panel			•	Right-click a menu item and
		•	Storage & Snapshots				then select Open.
		•	Storage & Snapshots		•	Open an application in a new
					•	Open an application in a new
		•	iSCSI & Fibre Channel			browser tab (only for certain apps)
		•	Users			•	Right-click a menu item and
		•	Network & Virtual Switch				then select Open in new
		•	Network & Virtual Switch				browser tab.
		•	myQNAPcloud		•	Create a shortcut on the desktop
		•	Resource Monitor			•	Right-click a menu item and
		•	App Center				then select Create shortcut.
		•	App Center
		•	Help Center			•	Click and drag a menu item
		•	Help Center				to the desktop.
							to the desktop.
		•	Qboost
		•	HDMI Display Applications
				Note
				Note
				This menu item only
				appears on models with
				certain hardware
				specifications.

3	Applications	Displays a list of applications
		developed by QNAP or third-party
		developers.
		When an app is installed, it is
		automatically added to the
		applications list.
		The following are the default
		applications:
		•	File Station
		•	Helpdesk
		•	License Center
		•	Multimedia Console
		•	Notification Center
		•	QuTS hero SSL Certificate

Overview 26

QuTS hero 4.5.x User Guide

Desktop

#	Element		Description			Possible User Actions
1	Wallpaper	This is a digital image that is used as a		Change the wallpaper in the Options
		background for the QuTS hero desktop.		window.
		Users can either select from one of the
		provided wallpapers or upload an image

2	Shortcut icons	This opens an app or a utility.		•	Click an icon to open the application
		When you install an application, QuTS			window.
		hero automatically creates a shortcut on		•	Right-click an icon and then select
		the desktop. The following are the		•	Right-click an icon and then select
		default shortcuts:			one of the following:
		•	Control Panel		•	Open: Opens the application
		•	File Station			window
		•	File Station		•	Remove: Deletes the icon from
					•	Remove: Deletes the icon from
		•	Storage & Snapshots			the desktop
		•	App Center	•	Click and drag an icon to another
		•	Help Center		desktop.
		•	Help Center

3	Desktop	This area contains open system utilities		Click < or > to move to another desktop.
		and applications. The desktop consists
		of three separate screens.

4	Qboost	This enables you to manage and		•	Click		or	to display the
		monitor memory consumption.			memory status and open the
					memory status and open the
					Qboost panel.
				•	Click		or	to hide the memory
					status and close the Qboost panel.

Overview 27

QuTS hero 4.5.x User Guide

#	Element		Description			Possible User Actions
5	Recycle Bin	This displays the list of files that the		•	Click		to open the Recycle Bin
		currently active user moved to the			screen in the File Station window.
		Recycle Bin.			screen in the File Station window.
		Recycle Bin.
		The following applications provide users		•	Right-click			and then select one
		a choice between permanently deleting		•	Right-click			and then select one
		files and moving files to the Recycle Bin.			of the following:
		•	File Station		•	Open: Opens the Recycle Bin
		•	Music Station			screen in the File Station
		•	Music Station			window
		•	Photo Station		•	Empty All: Permanently
		•	Video Station			deletes files in the Recycle Bin
		•	Video Station		•	Settings: Opens the Network
					•	Settings: Opens the Network
						Recycle Bin screen in the
						Control Panel window
6	Date and time	This displays the date and time that the		N/A
		user configured during installation of the
		operating system.

7	Link bar	This displays shortcut links to		Click any of the following buttons:
		myQNAPcloud, utility and app download		•
		pages, feedback channels, and the		•		: Opens the myQNAPcloud
		Helpdesk.				: Opens the myQNAPcloud
		Helpdesk.			website in another browser tab
					website in another browser tab
				•		: Opens the download page for
						: Opens the download page for
					mobile applications and utilities
				•		: Provides links to the QNAP
						: Provides links to the QNAP
					Wiki, QNAP Forum, and Customer
					Service portal
				•		: Opens the Helpdesk utility
						: Opens the Helpdesk utility

8	Notifications	This notifies the user about important		Click the notification to open the
		system events that may or may not		corresponding utility or app.
		require user action. Notifications appear
		in the lower right corner of the desktop.

Overview 28

QuTS hero 4.5.x User Guide

Qboost

Qboost is a system utility that monitors and enables you to manage memory consumption. It provides the following information:

#	Section		Description			User Actions
1	Memory	A graphic showing memory usage on the		Click Optimize to clear the buffer memory
		NAS.		(block level) and cache memory (file
		•	Blue: Available memory, expressed as	level).
		•	Blue: Available memory, expressed as	Hover the pointer over the memory widget
			a percentage. Available memory is the	to see the amount of available memory
			sum of free memory, buffer memory,	and free memory in MB, GB, or TB.
			cache memory, and other reclaimable
			memory.
		•	Green: Free memory, expressed as a
			percentage. Free memory is memory
			that is currently unused and
			unallocated.

2	Junk Files	Junk files are unnecessary system files		•	Click Clear to permanently delete junk
		and files in the Recycle Bin, which			files.
		consume disk space and memory.			By default, clicking Clear only deletes
					unnecessary system files, such as
					files that the operating system and
					applications create while performing
					certain tasks.
				•	Click	to select other types of files
					to delete.
					Select Empty Recycle Bin to include
					files that were moved to the Recycle
					Bin by the currently active user.

3	Top 5	Top five applications and services that		Click		to display all applications and
	Applications	consume the most memory		Click		to display all applications and
	Applications	consume the most memory		services that can be enabled and disabled
	by Memory			services that can be enabled and disabled
	by Memory			from either the Control Panel or the App
	Usage			from either the Control Panel or the App
	Usage			Center.
				Center.
				For details, see Application Management.

Overview 29

+ 427 hidden pages

Qnap QuTS hero 4.5.x User Manual

Contents

1. Preface

Audience

Document Conventions

2. Overview

About QuTS hero

What's New in QuTS hero

Support and Other Resources

NAS Access

Accessing the NAS Using a Browser

Accessing the NAS Using Qfinder Pro

Accessing the NAS Using Qmanager

2-step Verification

Enabling 2-step Verification

Logging in to QuTS hero Using 2-step Verification

Disabling 2-step Verification

QuTS hero Navigation

Task Bar

Dashboard

Options

Main Menu

Desktop

Qboost