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QTS 5.2.x
User Manual
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QNAP QTS 5.2.x User Manual

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Page 1
QTS 5.2.x
User Guide
Document version: 1
11/07/2024
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Contents

1. Overview
About QTS......................................................................................................................................................13
What's New in QTS........................................................................................................................................13
QTS initialization........................................................................................................................................... 14
Initializing QTS using Qnder Pro..........................................................................................................14
NAS access.....................................................................................................................................................24
Accessing the NAS using Qnder Pro....................................................................................................26
QTS navigation..............................................................................................................................................27
Password management...............................................................................................................................46
2-step verication......................................................................................................................................... 47
Enabling 2-step verication with a security code (TOTP).................................................................... 48
Enabling 2-step verication with a QR code......................................................................................... 50
Enabling 2-step verication with a login approval...............................................................................51
Enabling 2-step verication with an online verication code.............................................................52
Logging in with 2-step verication........................................................................................................ 54
Enforcing 2-step verication...................................................................................................................57
Passwordless login....................................................................................................................................... 58
Support and other resources...................................................................................................................... 63
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
2. Getting Started
Storing data...................................................................................................................................................64
Accessing data.............................................................................................................................................. 64
Backing up data............................................................................................................................................ 65
Conguring privilege settings.....................................................................................................................66
Setting up remote access............................................................................................................................ 67
Acquiring apps and licenses........................................................................................................................67
Securing the NAS.......................................................................................................................................... 68
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3. System Settings
General settings............................................................................................................................................70
Security.......................................................................................................................................................... 75
Hardware....................................................................................................................................................... 81
Power............................................................................................................................................................. 87
External device..............................................................................................................................................89
Firmware update.......................................................................................................................................... 94
System backup and restore.......................................................................................................................101
Monitoring system status and Resource Monitor..................................................................................111
4. Privilege Settings
Users............................................................................................................................................................ 114
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QTS 5.2.x User Guide
User groups.................................................................................................................................................129
Delegated administration..........................................................................................................................132
Shared folders.............................................................................................................................................138
Quota........................................................................................................................................................... 168
Domain security..........................................................................................................................................171
Domain controller.......................................................................................................................................181
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5. Services
Antivirus.......................................................................................................................................................200
Managing quarantined les................................................................................................................. 204
Servers......................................................................................................................................................... 205
6. File Station
About File Station....................................................................................................................................... 224
File and folder operations......................................................................................................................... 230
Viewing le or folder properties.......................................................................................................... 234
Opening Microsoft Word, Excel, and PowerPoint les using the Chrome extension....................237
Opening image les using Image2PDF...............................................................................................239
Restoring a deleted le......................................................................................................................... 248
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QTS 5.2.x User Guide
Sharing a le or folder by email...........................................................................................................253
Opening a 360-degree image or video le......................................................................................... 272
Keeping a folder or a le in reserved cache....................................................................................... 275
Converting Apple iWork les to Microsoft Oce les.......................................................................277
File Station searches...................................................................................................................................278
Using content search to search for le content.................................................................................279
Other tasks.................................................................................................................................................. 280
7. Storage & Snapshots
QTS exible volume architecture..............................................................................................................286
Global settings............................................................................................................................................ 287
Storage.........................................................................................................................................................292
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Expansion units...........................................................................................................................................357
Qtier............................................................................................................................................................. 377
Snapshots.................................................................................................................................................... 389
Cache acceleration..................................................................................................................................... 412
External storage..........................................................................................................................................417
Remote disk.................................................................................................................................................420
VJBOD (Virtual JBOD).................................................................................................................................. 423
VJBOD Cloud................................................................................................................................................433
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8. iSCSI & Fibre Channel
Storage limits.............................................................................................................................................. 456
iSCSI storage limits................................................................................................................................ 456
Fibre Channel storage limits.................................................................................................................456
iSCSI & Fibre Channel global settings...................................................................................................... 456
LUNs.............................................................................................................................................................457
QTS LUN types........................................................................................................................................457
Creating a block-based LUN................................................................................................................. 458
Creating a le-based LUN..................................................................................................................... 461
LUN import and export......................................................................................................................... 462
iSCSI..............................................................................................................................................................466
Getting started with iSCSI.....................................................................................................................466
iSCSI performance optimization.......................................................................................................... 467
iSCSI targets........................................................................................................................................... 467
iSCSI LUN management........................................................................................................................473
iSCSI access control list......................................................................................................................... 476
iSCSI target authorization.....................................................................................................................478
QNAP Snapshot Agent.......................................................................................................................... 479
Fibre Channel.............................................................................................................................................. 480
Fibre Channel ports............................................................................................................................... 480
Fibre Channel storage...........................................................................................................................484
Fibre Channel WWPN aliases................................................................................................................486
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
9. SSD Proling Tool
Installing SSD Proling Tool...................................................................................................................... 490
SSD over-provisioning................................................................................................................................490
Creating an SSD over-provisioning test...................................................................................................491
Test reports................................................................................................................................................. 492
Settings........................................................................................................................................................ 493
10. Network & Virtual Switch
About Network & Virtual Switch............................................................................................................... 494
Parts of the user interface.........................................................................................................................494
Basic network adapter conguration.......................................................................................................496
IP addressing services conguration.......................................................................................................503
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LAN switching conguration.....................................................................................................................511
Virtual switch conguration...................................................................................................................... 514
Network policies conguration.................................................................................................................520
Wireless network conguration................................................................................................................521
USB QuickAccess conguration................................................................................................................529
Thunderbolt interface conguration....................................................................................................... 531
Enabling T2E with Qnder Pro............................................................................................................. 532
Updating the rmware of a network expansion card............................................................................533
11. Network & File Services
About Network & File Services..................................................................................................................534
QNAP service ports.....................................................................................................................................534
Network access settings............................................................................................................................ 536
Conguring service binding settings ................................................................................................. 537
Conguring proxy server settings....................................................................................................... 537
Conguring reverse proxy rule settings............................................................................................. 538
Modifying reverse proxy rules............................................................................................................. 540
Network protocol settings.........................................................................................................................541
Conguring telnet connections........................................................................................................... 541
Conguring SSH connections...............................................................................................................541
Editing SSH access permissions........................................................................................................... 542
Conguring SNMP settings.................................................................................................................. 542
Downloading the SNMP MIB................................................................................................................ 544
File sharing protocol settings....................................................................................................................544
Conguring Samba (Microsoft networking) settings........................................................................ 544
Conguring AFP (Apple networking) settings.................................................................................... 548
Conguring NFS service settings.........................................................................................................548
Accessing FTP (QuFTP Service) settings.............................................................................................. 551
Conguring WebDAV settings.............................................................................................................. 551
Service discovery settings......................................................................................................................... 554
Enabling the UPnP discovery service.................................................................................................. 554
Enabling the Bonjour discovery service..............................................................................................554
Enabling the Qnder discovery service...............................................................................................555
Recycle Bin management.......................................................................................................................... 555
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12. myQNAPcloud
Initial setup..................................................................................................................................................557
Creating a QNAP ID............................................................................................................................... 557
Creating an organization...................................................................................................................... 558
Setting up myQNAPcloud and AMIZ Cloud for the NAS....................................................................559
Basic operations and service statuses..................................................................................................... 560
Access management.................................................................................................................................. 561
Conguring device access controls for stand-alone devices............................................................562
Conguring device access controls for organization devices.......................................................... 562
Enabling myQNAPcloud Link................................................................................................................563
Restoring the AMIZ Cloud Agent connection..................................................................................... 563
Conguring DDNS settings...................................................................................................................563
Conguring UPnP port forwarding......................................................................................................564
Installing an SSL certicate...................................................................................................................566
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
13. App Center
Navigation................................................................................................................................................... 568
App management.......................................................................................................................................569
App Center settings....................................................................................................................................575
14. Licenses
About QNAP licenses..................................................................................................................................579
License types and plans........................................................................................................................ 579
Validity period........................................................................................................................................ 580
License portals and utility..........................................................................................................................580
Software Store........................................................................................................................................580
License Center........................................................................................................................................581
License Manager....................................................................................................................................581
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Buying a license using QNAP ID............................................................................................................... 581
License activation....................................................................................................................................... 582
License deactivation...................................................................................................................................589
Deactivating a license oine............................................................................................................... 590
License extension....................................................................................................................................... 591
Extending a license oine using an unused license.........................................................................593
Extending a license oine using a product key.................................................................................594
Upgrading a license....................................................................................................................................595
Viewing license information......................................................................................................................597
Recovering licenses....................................................................................................................................598
Transferring a license to the new QNAP license server.........................................................................598
Deleting a license....................................................................................................................................... 599
15. Multimedia
HybridDesk Station (HD Station)...............................................................................................................600
Installing HD Station............................................................................................................................. 601
Conguring HD Station.........................................................................................................................602
HD Station applications.........................................................................................................................603
Using HD Player in HD Station............................................................................................................. 603
HDMI local display and DLNA media server............................................................................................604
Enabling HDMI display applications....................................................................................................604
Enabling and conguring DLNA media server...................................................................................604
Media Streaming Add-on...........................................................................................................................605
Conguring general settings................................................................................................................605
Conguring browsing settings.............................................................................................................606
Conguring media receivers................................................................................................................ 607
Multimedia Console................................................................................................................................... 607
Overview................................................................................................................................................. 608
Editing content sources........................................................................................................................ 608
Indexing multimedia content...............................................................................................................608
Thumbnail generation...........................................................................................................................609
Transcoding............................................................................................................................................612
Multimedia app suite.............................................................................................................................615
Installing and managing AI engines .................................................................................................. 618
16. QuLog Center
Monitoring logs.......................................................................................................................................... 621
Event log................................................................................................................................................. 621
Access logs..............................................................................................................................................622
Local device logs.........................................................................................................................................623
Local event logs......................................................................................................................................623
Local access logs....................................................................................................................................626
Online users............................................................................................................................................629
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Creating a custom lter tab for local device logs.............................................................................. 630
QuLog Service............................................................................................................................................. 640
Notication settings...................................................................................................................................656
Conguring notication rule settings................................................................................................. 656
17. Notication Center
About Notication Center..........................................................................................................................659
Parts of the user interface.........................................................................................................................659
Managing notication queue and history............................................................................................... 660
Service account and device pairing..........................................................................................................661
Email notications................................................................................................................................. 661
SMS notications................................................................................................................................... 664
Instant messaging notications.......................................................................................................... 666
Push notications.................................................................................................................................. 667
System notication rules........................................................................................................................... 668
Managing event notication rules.......................................................................................................668
Managing alert notication rules........................................................................................................ 673
Settings........................................................................................................................................................ 677
Enabling the sending of Notication Center data to QNAP............................................................. 677
Disabling the sending of Notication Center Data to QNAP............................................................677
Global notication settings....................................................................................................................... 678
Event logs.................................................................................................................................................... 678
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
18. Malware Remover
About Malware Remover........................................................................................................................... 681
Overview......................................................................................................................................................681
Running a malware scan........................................................................................................................... 681
Running a scheduled scan.........................................................................................................................682
Conguring Malware Remover.................................................................................................................682
19. Helpdesk
Overview......................................................................................................................................................684
Help request................................................................................................................................................685
Remote support..........................................................................................................................................686
Diagnostic tool............................................................................................................................................688
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20. Console Management
Enabling Secure Shell (SSH).......................................................................................................................689
Enabling SSH on the NAS...................................................................................................................... 689
Enabling SSH on the NAS using Qnder Pro...................................................................................... 689
Accessing Console Management..............................................................................................................689
Accessing Console Management from Windows...............................................................................689
Accessing Console Management from Mac....................................................................................... 690
Logging In to Console Management....................................................................................................... 691
Managing existing applications................................................................................................................691
Activating or deactivating a license..........................................................................................................693
Sorting and ltering system logs..............................................................................................................693
Showing network settings.........................................................................................................................696
Restoring or reinitializing the device....................................................................................................... 696
Rebooting the NAS..................................................................................................................................... 697
Rebooting the device into rescue mode............................................................................................. 697
Rebooting the device into maintenance mode..................................................................................697
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QTS 5.2.x User Guide

1. Overview

About QTS

QTS is a Linux-based operating system that runs applications for le management, virtualization, surveillance, multimedia, and other purposes. The optimized kernel and various services eciently manage system resources, support applications, and protect your data. QTS also has built-in utilities that extend the functionality and improve the performance of the NAS.
The multi-window, multitasking user interface helps you to manage the NAS, user accounts, data, and apps. Out of the box, QTS provides built-in features that allow you to easily store and share les. QTS also contains App Center, which oers additional downloadable applications for customizing the NAS and improving user workows.

What's New in QTS

The following are the major new features and enhancements in the latest QTS versions.
For details, go to https://www.qnap.com/en/release-notes.
QTS 5.2.x
• To enhance device security, when you initiate restoring a device to factory default in Control
Panel, you are now prompted to create a new administrator account or to retain the currently logged-in administrator account, and the default administrator account "admin" will be disabled.
• To increase device security, after restoring a device to factory default using the hardware
reset button, and then logging in with the default administrator account "admin", you are now prompted to create a new administrator account and to disable the "admin" account.
• The system backup and restore functions have been upgraded with new capabilities and options.
You can now restore system settings to a device of a dierent model running the same or a later rmware version, congure specic settings you want to restore (including general, user/group, shared folder, and network settings), install or update the applications recorded in a backup, and set up an automatic backup schedule.
• If you access your NAS primarily through a single AD domain only, you can now conveniently log
in to the desktop without including the domain name in front of your username. For example, you can now enter myusername instead of mydomain\myusername. (Note: However, if you use
multiple AD domains or use both local and domain user accounts to access your NAS, you should still specify the domain name when logging in with a domain user account.)
• You can now edit an iSCSI target's IQN during or after target creation (maximum 128 characters).
To edit an existing target's IQN, you must rst disconnect all connections to the target, and then go to iSCSI & Fibre Channel > iSCSI Storage, select the target, and click Action Modify.
• Users can now select what apps to install by browsing the list of installed apps on any devices
connected to their QNAP IDs. To access this feature, go the the App Center, click the Install icon in the top-right corner, and then select Apps Installed on All Devices.
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QTS 5.2.x User Guide
• Added a setting on certain device models for enabling disk auto recovery, which automatically
reconnects any disks that have been unintentionally disconnected from the system. The setting can be found in Control Panel > System > Hardware > General.
• We have updated OpenSSL to version 3.0 for improved cryptographic performance, enhanced
memory protection, and simplied integration with modernized APIs. Users can now experience optimized system responsiveness and better data protection.
• Added a shared folder setting which optimizes data synchronization to disks from SMB clients,
thereby enhancing data integrity. You can enable the setting on a shared folder by editing its properties in Control Panel > Privilege > Shared Folders > Shared Folder, and selecting Instant sync to disks when requested by SMB clients.
• The ClamAV antivirus engine is now an independent application, allowing the Antivirus service
to consume less memory and spend less time scanning les. Note that in order to use Antivirus, ClamAV must be installed in App Center.
• Microsoft Networking (SMB) service is now a standalone application called SMB Service, which
can be updated independently. SMB Service enables remote access to your QNAP device les and folders via the Microsoft Networking (SMB) and Common Internet File System (CIFS) protocols. To enable SMB Service, you must enable Microsoft Networking in Control Panel.
• You can now calculate the size of snapshots in a volume or LUN that were taken within a
specied time period. This feature can help you determine how much space you can free up by deleting a certain number of snapshots. To use this feature, open the Snapshot Manager window of a volume or LUN, and then click Calculate Size.
• In addition to media and PDF les, File Station now also supports displaying thumbnails for
Microsoft Oce (Word, Excel, PowerPoint) and EML les (plain text of emails). You can now quickly glance at the content of various documents even without opening the les. You can enable this support for document thumbnails in File Station > Settings > Documents. To use this feature, you must rst install Qsirch in App Center.
• Added support for TCG Ruby SEDs.
• Implemented direct I/O in the kernel-mode SMB daemon. When the kernel-mode SMB daemon
is enabled and all disks on the system device are NVMe SSDs, direct I/O enhances read and write performance.
• Improved the speed of starting and stopping applications during system startup, shutdown, and
restart.

QTS initialization

Initializing QTS using Qnder Pro
You can initialize QTS using Qnder Pro, which is a utility designed to help you locate and manage QNAP devices on your network.
Warning
Initializing QTS deletes all data on the drives. Back up your data before proceeding.
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1. Power on the NAS.
2. Connect the NAS to your local area network.
3. Run Qnder Pro on a computer that is connected to the same local network.
Tip
To download Qnder Pro, go to https://www.qnap.com/utilities.
4. Click Next. The QNAP Warranty Service page opens in the default web browser.
5. Click Check warranty. The QNAP Warranty Service window opens in a new web page.
Important
You can check your device warranty policy or purchase an extended warranty plan at QNAP
Warranty Service.
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
6. Close the warranty page. The Smart Installation Guide opens in the default web browser.
7. Click Start Smart Installation.
8. Read the QNAP Software Terms of Use carefully.
9. Agree to the terms and conditions.
10. Click Next.
11. If the screen shows a dierent operating system, click QTS.
Note
This step is only required if the NAS supports installing more than one operating system and the default operating system for installation is not QTS.
The NAS restarts and the smart installation screen shows QTS as the operating system to install.
12. Click Start Smart Installation.
13. Specify a rmware version using any of the following methods.
Methods User Actions
Current version Select Current version.
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Methods User Actions
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
Latest available
a. Select Latest available version.
version
b. Click Check for Update
The system checks for the latest rmware update available for your device. If a newer version is available, the system downloads the rmware update and restarts the NAS.
Uploaded
a. Select Uploaded version.
version
b. Click Browse.
The le upload window appears.
c. Select a rmware le.
14. Click Next. The Enter the NAS name and administrator’s password screen appears.
15. Specify the following information.
• NAS Name: Specify a name with 1 to 14 characters. The name can contain letters (A to Z, a to z), numbers (0 to 9), and hyphens (-), but cannot end with a hyphen.
• Username: Specify an administrator username that contains 1 to 32 characters. The name can contain letters (A to Z, a to z), numbers (0 to 9), and hyphens (-), multi-byte Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Russian characters. The username cannot contain the following special characters: grave accent (`), asterisk (*), equal sign (=), plus sign (+), square brackets ([ ]), curly brackets ({}), slash (\), vertical bar (|), semicolon (;), colon (:), apostrophe ('), quotation mark ("), comma (,), less than sign (< ), greater than sign (>), backslash (/), question mark (?), percent sign (%), dollar sign ($), and the space character.
Important
To ensure the security of your NAS, the default "admin" account is disabled by default and cannot be used for initialization. The "admin" account can be enabled after your device is initialized, but for security reasons it is not recommended.
• Password: Specify an administrator password with 1 to 64 characters. The password can contain any ASCII characters.
• Conrm Password: Enter the new administrator password again.
16. Click Next. The Set the date and time screen appears.
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17. Specify the time zone, date, and time using any of the following methods:
Tip
QNAP recommends connecting to an NTP server to ensure that the NAS follows the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) standard.
Methods User Actions
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
Synchronize with computer or mobile device time
Select Same as the computer/device time The NAS synchronizes with the date and time of the computer or mobile device used to complete the initialization.
Enter manually a. Select Input Manually.
b. Specify the date and time.
The NAS uses the specied date and time.
Synchronize with a time server automatically
Click Synchronize with an Internet time server automat‐ ically. The NAS synchronizes with the NTP server.
18. Click Next. The Congure the network settings screen appears.
19. Congure the network settings using any of the following methods.
Methods User Actions
Obtain an IP address automat‐ ically (DHCP)
Select Obtain an IP address automatically (DHCP) The system automatically detects and congures the IP address settings.
Use static IP address
a. Select Use static IP address.
The IP address conguration page appears.
b. Specify the following IP address congurations:
• Interface
• IP Address
• Subnet Mask
• Default Gateway
• Primary DNS server
• Secondary DNS server
20. Click Next. The Thunderbolt Connection page appears.
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Note
This page only appears if your device supports Thunderbolt. You will need to connect your device to a computer using a Thunderbolt cable.
21. Click Next. The Summary screen appears.
22. Review the settings.
23. Click Apply.
A conrmation message appears.
Warning
Clicking Initialize deletes all data on the drive before installing QTS.
24. Click Initialize.
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
Important
The initialization may take several minutes to complete. Do not power o the device during the process.
QTS is initialized.

Initializing QTS using the cloud installation website

You can initialize QTS on the cloud installation website, which is designed to help you set up QNAP devices.
Warning
Initializing QTS deletes all data on the drives. Back up your data before proceeding.
1. Power on the NAS.
2. Connect the NAS to the internet.
3. Go to the QNAP Cloud Installation website using one of the following methods:
• On your computer, go to the website dedicated to your region:
• Global: https://install.qnap.com
• China: https://install.qnap.com.cn
• Or scan the QR code on the NAS using a mobile device.
The web page lists all the uninitialized QNAP NAS devices on the local network.
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4. Find your NAS from the list and then click Initialize.
Tip
If your NAS is connected to the Internet, you can also go to https://install.qnap.com/set to enter the Cloud Key printed on the NAS. This allows you to initialize the NAS even if your NAS and your computer are not on the same network.
The installation wizard opens in the default web browser
5. Create an account or sign in to myQNAPcloud.
Note
You must return to this page to complete the installation after creating an account.
6. Specify the myQNAPcloud device name for the NAS.
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
Note
• The myQNAPcloud device name is used when remotely accessing the NAS.
• For security purposes, the myQNAPcloud Link remote connection service will be disabled on your NAS after initialization. You can enable it by connecting to QTS through LAN and then installing myQNAPcloud Link.
7. Click Next. The QNAP Warranty Service page opens in the default web browser.
8. Click Check warranty. The QNAP Warranty Service window opens in a new web page.
Important
You can check your device warranty policy or purchase an extended warranty plan at QNAP
Warranty Service.
9. Close the warranty page. The Smart Installation Guide opens in the default web browser.
10. Click Start Smart Installation.
11. Read the QNAP Software Terms of Use carefully.
12. Agree to the terms and conditions.
13. Click Next.
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14. If the screen shows a dierent operating system, click QTS.
Note
• This step is only required if the NAS supports installing more than one operating system and the default operating system for installation is not QTS.
• If the screen shows QuTS hero, you may need to click Skip rst.
The NAS restarts and the smart installation screen shows QTS as the operating system to install.
15. Click Start Smart Installation.
16. Specify a rmware version using any of the following methods.
Methods User Actions
Current version Select Current version.
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
Latest available
a. Select Latest available version.
version
b. Click Check for Update
The system checks for the latest rmware update available for your device. If a newer version is available, the system downloads the rmware update and restarts the NAS.
Uploaded
a. Select Uploaded version.
version
b. Click Browse.
The le upload window appears.
c. Select a rmware le.
17. Click Next. The Enter the NAS name and administrator’s password screen appears.
18. Specify the following information.
• NAS Name: Specify a name with 1 to 14 characters. The name can contain letters (A to Z, a to z), numbers (0 to 9), and hyphens (-), but cannot end with a hyphen.
• Username: Specify an administrator username that contains 1 to 32 characters. The name can contain letters (A to Z, a to z), numbers (0 to 9), and hyphens (-), multi-byte Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Russian characters. The username cannot contain the following special characters: grave accent (`), asterisk (*), equal sign (=), plus sign (+), square brackets ([ ]), curly brackets ({}), slash (\), vertical bar (|), semicolon (;), colon (:), apostrophe ('), quotation mark ("), comma (,), less than sign (< ), greater than sign (>), backslash (/), question mark (?), percent sign (%), dollar sign ($), and the space character.
Overview 20
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Important
To ensure the security of your NAS, the default "admin" account is disabled by default and cannot be used for initialization. The "admin" account can be enabled after your device is initialized, but for security reasons it is not recommended.
• Password: Specify an administrator password with 1 to 64 characters. The password can contain any ASCII characters.
• Conrm Password: Enter the new administrator password again.
19. Click Next. The Set the date and time screen appears.
20. Specify the time zone, date, and time using any of the following methods:
Tip
QNAP recommends connecting to an NTP server to ensure that the NAS follows the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) standard.
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
Methods User Actions
Synchronize with computer or mobile device time
Select Same as the computer/device time The NAS synchronizes with the date and time of the computer or mobile device used to complete the initialization.
Enter manually a. Select Input Manually.
b. Specify the date and time.
The NAS uses the specied date and time.
Synchronize with a time server automatically
Click Synchronize with an Internet time server automat‐ ically. The NAS synchronizes with the NTP server.
21. Click Next. The Congure the network settings screen appears.
22. Congure the network settings using any of the following methods.
Methods User Actions
Obtain an IP address automat‐ ically (DHCP)
Select Obtain an IP address automatically (DHCP) The system automatically detects and congures the IP address settings.
Overview 21
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Methods User Actions
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
Use static IP address
23. Click Next. The Thunderbolt Connection page appears.
Note
This page only appears if your device supports Thunderbolt. You will need to connect your device to a computer using a Thunderbolt cable.
a. Select Use static IP address.
The IP address conguration page appears.
b. Specify the following IP address congurations:
• Interface
• IP Address
• Subnet Mask
• Default Gateway
• Primary DNS server
• Secondary DNS server
24. Click Next. The Summary screen appears.
25. Review the settings.
26. Click Apply.
A conrmation message appears.
Warning
Clicking Initialize deletes all data on the drive before installing QTS.
27. Click Initialize.
Important
The initialization may take several minutes to complete. Do not power o the device during the process.
QTS is initialized.

Initializing QTS using an HDMI connection

You can initialize QTS on an HDMI display if your NAS supports HDMI.
Overview 22
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QTS 5.2.x User Guide
Warning
Initializing QTS deletes all data on the drives. Back up your data before proceeding.
1. Connect an HDMI display to the NAS.
2. Connect a USB keyboard to the NAS or prepare the QNAP IR remote control (not available on all
models).
3. Power on the NAS. The Welcome screen of the Smart Installation Guide appears.
4. Select Start Smart Installation Guide. The Enter the NAS name and administrator’s password screen appears.
5. Specify the following information:
• NAS Name: Specify a name with 1 to 14 characters. The name can contain letters (A to Z, a to z), numbers (0 to 9), and hyphens (-), but cannot end with a hyphen.
• Username: Specify an administrator username that contains 1 to 32 characters. The name can contain letters (A to Z, a to z), numbers (0 to 9), and hyphens (-), multi-byte Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Russian characters. The username cannot contain the following special characters: grave accent (`), asterisk (*), equal sign (=), plus sign (+), square brackets ([ ]), curly brackets ({}), slash (\), vertical bar (|), semicolon (;), colon (:), apostrophe ('), quotation mark ("), comma (,), less than sign (< ), greater than sign (>), backslash (/), question mark (?), percent sign (%), dollar sign ($), and the space character.
Important
To ensure the security of your NAS, the default "admin" account is disabled by default and cannot be used for initialization. The "admin" account can be enabled after your device is initialized, but for security reasons it is not recommended.
• Password: Specify an administrator password with 1 to 64 characters. The password can contain any ASCII characters.
• Conrm Password: Enter the new administrator password again.
6. Click Next. The Thunderbolt Connection page appears.
Note
This page only appears if your device supports Thunderbolt. You will need to connect your device to a computer using a Thunderbolt cable.
7. Click Next. The Summary screen appears.
8. Review the settings.
Overview 23
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9. Click Next. The Conrm screen appears.
Warning
Clicking Next deletes all data on the drive before installing QTS.
10. Click Next.
Note
The initialization may takes several minutes to complete. Do not power o the device during the process.
QTS is initialized.

NAS access

QTS 5.2.x User Guide
Method Description Requirements
Web browser
Qnder Pro Qnder Pro is a desktop utility that enables you to
Qmanager Qmanager is a mobile application that enables
You can access the NAS using any computer on the same network if you have the following information:
• NAS name (Example: http://example123/) or IP address
• Login credentials of a valid user account
For details, see Accessing the NAS using a browser.
locate and access QNAP NAS devices on a specic network. The utility supports Windows, macOS, Linux, and Chrome OS. For details, see Accessing the NAS using Qnder
Pro.
administrators to manage and monitor NAS devices on the same network. You can download Qmanager from the Apple App Store and the Google Play Store. For details, see Accessing the NAS using Qmanager.
• A computer connected to the same network as the NAS
• Web browser
• A computer connected to the same network as the NAS
• Web browser
• Qnder Pro
• A mobile device connected to the same network as the NAS
• Qmanager
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Method Description Requirements
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
Explorer (Windows)
Finder (macOS)
You can map a NAS shared folder as a network drive to easily access les using Explorer. For details, see the following topics.
• Mapping a shared folder on a Windows
computer
• Mounting a shared folder using WebDAV on
Windows
You can mount a NAS shared folder as a network drive to easily access les using Finder. For details, see the following topics.
• Mounting a shared folder on a Mac computer
• Mounting a shared folder using WebDAV on
Mac

Accessing the NAS using a browser

1. Verify that your computer is connected to the same network as the NAS.
• A Windows computer connected to the same network as the NAS
• Qnder Pro
• A Mac computer connected to the same network as the NAS
• Qnder Pro
2. Open a web browser on your computer.
3. Type the IP address of the NAS in the address bar.
Tip
If you do not know the IP address of the NAS, you can locate it using Qnder Pro. For details, see Accessing the NAS using Qnder Pro.
The QTS login screen appears.
4. Optional: Log in QTS using HTTPS.
a. Select Secure login.
A conrmation message appears.
b. Click OK.
You will be redirected to the QTS HTTPS login page.
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5. Choose one of the following login methods.
Method Description
NAS account Log in with your NAS username and password.
Tip
You can further enhance your account security with 2-step verication. For details, see 2-step verication.
QNAP ID Log in with your QNAP ID.
To use this method, you need to create a QNAP ID and link it to your NAS. For detail, see myQNAPcloud.
Azure SSO Log in with Azure SSO.
To use this method, you need to set up Azure AD Single-Sign-On. For details, see Azure Single Sign-On (SSO).
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
The QTS desktop appears after your successful login.
Accessing the NAS using Qnder Pro
1. Install Qnder Pro on a computer that is connected to the same network as the NAS.
Tip
To download Qnder Pro, go to https://www.qnap.com/go/utilities.
2. Open Qnder Pro. Qnder Pro automatically searches for all QNAP NAS devices on the network.
3. Locate the NAS in the list, and then double-click the name or IP address. The QTS login screen opens in the default web browser.
4. Specify your username and password.
5. Click Login.
The QTS desktop appears.

Accessing the NAS using Qmanager

1. Install Qmanager on an Android or iOS device.
Tip
To download Qmanager, go to the Apple App Store or the Google Play Store.
2. Open Qmanager.
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QTS 5.2.x User Guide
3. Tap Add NAS. Qmanager automatically searches for all QNAP NAS devices on the network.
4. Locate the NAS in the list, and then tap the name or IP address.
5. Specify your username and password.
6. Optional: If your mobile device and NAS are not connected to the same subnet, perform one of
the following actions.
Action Steps
Add NAS manually a. Tap Add NAS manually.
b. Specify the following information.
• Host name or IP address of the NAS
• Password of the admin account
c. Tap Save.
Sign in using QID a. Tap Sign in QID.
b. Specify the following information.
• Email address that you used to create your QNAP account
• Password of your QNAP account
c. Tap Sign in.
d. Locate the NAS in the list, and then tap the name or IP address.

QTS navigation

There are several methods for navigating QTS. You can navigate the operating system using the task bar, left panel, main menu, and through the desktop.

Task bar

No. Element Possible User Actions
1 Show Desktop Click the button to minimize or restore all open windows.
2 Main Menu Click the button to open the Main Menu panel on the left side of
the desktop.
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No. Element Possible User Actions
3 Search • Type keywords to locate settings, applications, and help
content.
• Click an entry in the search results to open the application, system utility, or Help Center window. If the application is not yet installed, QTS opens the corresponding download screen in the App Center window.
Tip
App or utility search results are classied into Systems, Application, and Help.
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
4 Volume Control
5 Background
Tasks
Important
This feature is only available on models with certain hardware
specications.
Click the button to view the following:
• Media Volume: Click and drag the slider thumb to adjust the audio volume for applications that use the built-in speaker or line-out jack.
• HD Station
• Music Station
• OceanKTV
• Audio Alert Volume: Click and drag the slider thumb to adjust the volume of system audio alerts.
• Hover over the button to see the number of ongoing background tasks. Examples of background tasks include le backup and multimedia conversion.
• Click the button to see the following details for each background task:
• Task name
• Task description
• Progress (percentage of completion)
• Click to stop a task.
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QTS 5.2.x User Guide
No. Element Possible User Actions
6 External Devices • Hover over the button to view the number of external storage
devices and the number of printers that are connected to the USB and SATA ports on the NAS.
• Click the button to view the details for each connected device.
• Click a listed device to open File Station and view the contents of the device.
7 Event Noti‐
cations
8 Personal
Settings
• Hover over the button to see the number of recent errors and warnings.
• Click the button to view the following details for each event:
• Event type
• Description
• Timestamp
• Number of instances
• Click a list entry to view the related utility or application screen. Clicking a warning or error log entry opens the Event Log window.
• Click More>> to open QuLog Center.
• Click Clear All to delete all list entries.
Click the prole picture to open the Personal Settings.
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QTS 5.2.x User Guide
No. Element Possible User Actions
9 [USER_NAME] Click the button to view the last login time and the following menu
items:
• Language: Opens a list of supported languages and allows you to change the language of the operating system
• Desktop Preferences: Opens a list of display modes and allows you to select the mode based on your device type
• Personal Settings: Open the Personal Settings window for conguring user settings such as user prole, email account, wallpaper, and other miscellaneous settings.
• Login and Security: Open the Login and Security window for conguring settings such as password, 2-step verication, and passwordless login, and SSH Keys.
• Locate my NAS: This makes your NAS beep or ash drive LEDs to help you locate your device.
• Sleep: Keeps the NAS powered on but signicantly reduces power consumption
Note
This feature is only available on models with certain hardware specications.
• Restart: Restarts the NAS
• Shutdown: Shuts down QTS and then powers o the NAS
Tip
You can also power o the NAS using one of the following methods:
• Press and hold the power button for 1.5 seconds.
• Open Qnder Pro, locate the device in the list. Right click on the device and select Shut down Device.
• Open Qmanager, and then go to Menu > System Tools > System. Tap Shutdown.
• Logout: Logs the user out of the current session
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No. Element Possible User Actions
10 More Click the button to view the following menu items:
• Help: Displays links to the Quick Start Guide, Virtualization Guide, Help Center, and online tutorials page
• Help Request: Opens the Helpdesk window
• Terms of Use: Open the QNAP Terms and Conditions of Use page
• Data & Privacy: Opens the QNAP Privacy Policy page
• Device QR Code: Displays a QR code that contains the essential network information of this device. You can scan this QR code with a QNAP mobile app to quickly add this device to your mobile app.
• About: Displays the following information:
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
• Operating system
• Hardware model
• Operating system version
• Number of installed drives
• Number of empty drive bays
• System volume name
11 Notice Board Display all system notications and the Getting Started Guide for
system setup.
12 Dashboard Click the button to display the dashboard.
13 myQNAPcloud/
AMIZ Cloud
After signing in to your QNAP ID, you can click this button to go to the myQNAPcloud website or the AMIZ Cloud website, depending on your device management settings.
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Personal Settings
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
No. Tab Possible User Actions
1 Prole • Specify the following optional information:
• Prole picture
• Email address
• Phone number
• Click View to display the System Access Log screen.
• Click Edit login screen to open the Login Screen conguration screen in the Control Panel window.
• Click Apply to save all changes.
2 E-mail
Account
• Add, edit, and delete email accounts to use when sharing les.
• Click Apply to save all changes.
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No. Tab Possible User Actions
3 Wallpaper • Perform any of the following actions:
• Desktop icon and font size: Choose a large or a small size for desktop icons and text fonts.
• Dynamic wallpaper: Specify the daytime and nighttime, then select a wallpaper pairing. The system automatically switches the wallpaper between daytime and nighttime modes at the specied time.
• Picture: Select from the default images or upload an image, then specify the image ll mode.
• Color: Select a color from the default settings or specify a color.
• Click Apply to save all changes.
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
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No. Tab Possible User Actions
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
4 Miscel‐
laneous
• Enable the following settings as necessary.
• Auto logout after an idle period: Specify the duration of inactivity after which the user is automatically logged out.
• Warn me when leaving QTS: When enabled, QTS prompts users for conrmation whenever they try to leave the desktop (by clicking the Back button or closing the browser). QNAP recommends enabling this setting.
• Reopen windows when logging back into NAS: When enabled, the current desktop settings (including all open windows) are retained until the next session.
• Show the desktop switching button: When enabled, QTS displays the desktop switching buttons < > on the left and right sides of the desktop.
• Show the link bar on the desktop: When enabled, QTS displays the link bar on the bottom of the desktop.
• Show the Dashboard button: When enabled, QTS displays the button to show the dashboard on the taskbar.
• Show the NAS time on the desktop: When enabled, QTS displays the current NAS time, day, and date at the bottom-right of the desktop.
• Keep Main Menu open after selection: When enabled, QTS keeps the main menu pinned to the desktop after you open it.
• Show a list of actions when external storage devices are detected: When enabled, QTS displays an Autoplay dialog box whenever an external storage device is inserted into a USB or SATA port.
• Click Apply to save all changes.
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Dashboard
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
The dashboard opens in the lower right corner of the desktop.
Tip
You can click and drag a section onto any area of the desktop.
No. Section Displayed Information User Actions
1 System
Health
2 Hardware
Information
• NAS name
• Uptime (number of days, hours, minutes and seconds)
• Health status
• System temperature
• CPU fan speed
• System fan speed
Click the heading to open Control
Panel > System > System Status > System Information.
If disk-related issues occur, click the heading to open Storage & Snapshots. If PSU-related issues occur, click the heading to open Control Panel >
System > System Status > Hardware Information
Click the heading to open Control Panel > System > System Status > Hardware Information.
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No. Section Displayed Information User Actions
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
3 Resource
Monitor
4 Expansion
Cards
• CPU usage in %
• Memory usage in %
• Network upload and download speeds for each adapter.
For each expansion card:
• Assignment (or "Ready" if unassigned)
• Manufacturer
• Model
• Memory usage
• GPU usage
• Fan speed
• Temperature
Click the heading to open Control Panel > System > Resource Monitor > Overview.
Click the heading to open Control
Panel > System > Hardware > Expansion Cards.
5 Disk Health • Number of installed
disks
• Health status of installed disks
• Number of VJBOD disks
• Health status of VJBOD disks
• Click the heading to open the
Disk Health screen in Storage & Snapshots.
• Click to switch between disk and NAS information.
• Click a disk name to view the following information for each installed disk:
• Capacity/size
• Temperature
• Health status
• Click Details to open Storage & Snapshots > Overview.
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No. Section Displayed Information User Actions
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
6 Storage For each volume:
• Status
• Used space
• Available space
• Folder size
For each storage pool:
• Status
• Used space
• Available space
• Volume size
7 Online Users • Login time
• Username
• Total connection time
• Click the heading to open the
Storage Resource screen in the Resource Monitor window.
• Click to switch between volume and storage pool information.
Click the heading to open Control
Panel > System > QuLog Center > Online Users.
• IP address
• Connection type
• Client app

Main menu

No. Section Description Possible User Actions
1 NAS
Information
Displays the NAS name and model number.
N/A
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No. Section Description Possible User Actions
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
2 System Displays a list of system utilities
and other programs that enable you to manage the NAS. The following are the default system utilities:
• Control Panel
• Storage & Snapshots
• iSCSI & Fibre Channel
• Users
• Network & Virtual Switch
• myQNAPcloud
• Resource Monitor
• App Center
• Help Center
• Qboost
• HDMI Display Applications
• Open a system utility or application in the QTS desktop
• Click a menu item.
• Right-click a menu item and then select Open.
• Open an application in a new browser tab (only for certain apps)
• Right-click a menu item and then select Open in new browser tab.
• Create a shortcut on the desktop
• Right-click a menu item and then select Create shortcut.
• Click and drag a menu item to the desktop.
Note
This menu item only appears on models with certain hardware
specications.
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No. Section Description Possible User Actions
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
3 Applications Displays a list of applications
developed by QNAP or third-party developers. When an app is installed, it is automatically added to the applications list. The following are the default applications:
• Hybrid Backup Sync 3
• File Station
• Helpdesk
• License Center
• Multimedia Console
• Notication Center
• QTS SSL Certicate
• Open a system utility or application in the QTS desktop
• Click a menu item.
• Right-click a menu item and then select Open.
• Open an application in a new browser tab (only for certain apps)
• Right-click a menu item and then select Open in new browser tab.
• Create a shortcut on the desktop
• Right-click a menu item and then select Create shortcut.
• Click and drag a menu item to the desktop.
4 Search Displays apps that meet your
search criteria.

Desktop

Enter keywords.
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No. Element Description Possible User Actions
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
1 Wallpaper This is a digital image that is
used as a background for the QTS desktop. Users can either select from one of the provided wallpapers or upload an image.
2 Shortcut icons Each icon opens an app or a
utility. When you install an application, QTS automatically creates a desktop shortcut. The following are the default shortcuts:
• Control Panel
• File Station
• Storage & Snapshots
• App Center
• Help Center
An app shortcut becomes dimmed if the app is stopped or is currently being installed, updated, removed, or migrated.
Change the wallpaper in the Options window.
• Click an icon to open the application window.
• Right-click an icon and then select one of the following:
• Open: Opens the application window
• Remove: Deletes the icon from the desktop
• Click and drag an icon to another desktop.
Tip
You cannot open an app when its shortcut is dimmed, but you can click a dimmed shortcut to learn more about the current status of the app.
3 Desktop This area contains open system
utilities and applications. The desktop consists of three separate screens.
4 Qboost This enables you to manage and
monitor memory consumption. You can install Qboost in the App Center.
Click < or > to move to another desktop.
• Click or to display the memory status and open the Qboost panel.
• Click or to hide the memory status and close the Qboost panel.
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No. Element Description Possible User Actions
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
5 Recycle bin This displays the list of les that
the currently active user moved to the Recycle Bin. The following applications provide users a choice between permanently deleting les and moving les to the Recycle Bin.
• File Station
• Music Station
• Photo Station
• Video Station
6 Date and time This displays the date and time
that the user congured during system installation.
• Click to open the Recycle Bin screen in the File Station window.
• Right-click and then select one of the following:
• Open: Opens the Recycle
Bin screen in the File Station window
• Empty All: Permanently deletes les in the Recycle Bin
• Settings: Opens the
Network Recycle Bin screen in the Control Panel window
N/A
7 Link bar This displays shortcut links
to myQNAPcloud, utility and app download pages, feedback channels, and the Helpdesk.
Click any of the following buttons:
• : Opens the myQNAPcloud website in a new browser tab
•
: Opens the download page for mobile applications and utilities
•
: Provides links to the QNAP Tutorials, QNAP Forum, and Customer Service portal
•
: Opens the Helpdesk utility
Overview 41
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No. Element Description Possible User Actions
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
8 Notications The system displays notications
in this area. Notications inform the user of important system events that may require user action. If there are multiple notication groups, notices are arranged according to the noti‐ cation type on a notice board. You can also view notications in Notice Board. For details, see Task bar.
Tip
When you initialize QTS, the Getting Started guide will appear in notications after installation.

Qboost

Click a notication to open the corresponding utility or app.
Qboost is a system utility that monitors and enables you to manage memory consumption. You can download the utility from App Center. It provides the following information:
Overview 42
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No. Section Description User Actions
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
1 Memory A graphic showing memory
usage on the NAS.
• Blue: Available memory, expressed as a percentage. Available memory is the sum of free memory, buer memory, cache memory, and other reclaimable memory.
• Green: Free memory, expressed as a percentage. Free memory is memory that is currently unused and unallocated.
2 Junk Files Junk les are unnecessary
system les and les in the Recycle Bin, which consume disk space and memory.
Click Optimize to clear the buer memory (block level) and cache memory (le level). Hover the pointer over the memory widget to see the amount of available memory and free memory in MB, GB, or TB.
• Click Clear to permanently delete junk les. By default, clicking Clear only deletes unnecessary system les, such as les that the operating system and applications create while performing certain tasks.
3 Top 5
Applications by Memory Usage
4 Qboost
taskbar
Top ve applications and services that consume the most memory
Taskbar for the Qboost widget
• Click to select other types of les to delete. Select Empty Recycle Bin to include les that were moved to the Recycle Bin by the currently active user.
Click to display all applications and services that can be enabled and disabled from either the Control Panel or the App Center. For details, see Application
Management.
Click to view the Qboost help.
Click to close the Qboost widget.
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Application Management
Application Management displays the following information.
Item Description
Application Displays the application name
CPU Usage Displays the percentage of consumed processing power
Memory Displays the amount of memory consumed
CPU Time Displays the amount of time the CPU requires to process an application request
Status Displays one of the following statuses:
• Always Enabled
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
• Always Disabled
• Scheduled
Action Displays icons for the possible actions
You can perform the following actions.
Objective Action
Enable or disable an application or service.
• Click to change the status to Always Enabled.
• Click
to change the status to Always Disabled.
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Objective Action
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
Create a schedule for enabling and disabling an application or service.
Warning
Setting a schedule may force an application to stop in the middle of a task.
1. Click to open the scheduling screen.
2. Select Enable Schedule.
The calendar is activated. All days and hours are enabled by default.
3. Select the hours during which the application or service should be enabled or disabled. Hours are lled with one of the following colors or patterns.
• Blue: The application or service is enabled.
• Gray: The application or service is disabled.
• Striped: The NAS is scheduled to sleep or shut down.
4. Optional: If you want to enable the app at a certain time, specify the number of minutes after the hour when the application is enabled or disabled. Example: To enable an application only after half an hour, type 30.
Delete a schedule.
Remove an application.
5. Perform one of the following actions.
• Click Apply: Applies the schedule to the selected application or service
• Select Auto-apply: Applies the schedule to all applications and services
Click to delete the schedule and disable an application or service.
Click . This function applies only to applications that are available in App Center.
Overview 45
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Password management

Changing the password

Important
• The default password for the "admin" account is the Cloud Key of the device. You cannot use this default password as your new password.
• When changing your password, you are logged out of your account on all applications, browsers, and devices. You will need to log in again with your new password.
1. Click your username on the desktop task bar.
2. Select Login and Security.
The Login and Security window appears.
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
3. Go to the Password tab.
4. Specify your old password.
5. Specify your new password.
Tip
Passwords can include up to with 64 ASCII characters or 64 bytes of UTF-8 encoded characters. QNAP recommends creating a strong password to enhance your device security.
6. Click Apply.

Enabling the password reset option

You can choose to send a URL and a verication code to your email address if you forgot your current password. You can then click this URL and enter the code to reset your password.
Note
To enable this feature, ensure that you have provided your personal email address in Personal Settings > Prole. The email address specied in your prole is also used for password reset.
1. Click your username on the desktop task bar.
2. Select Login and Security. The Login and Security window appears.
3. Go to the Password tab.
4. Enable Send a URL and verication code to my personal email address.
5. Click Apply.
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QTS 5.2.x User Guide

Logging out of your account from multiple places

If you suspect that your account has been compromised, you can immediately log out of your account on all applications, browsers, and devices.
1. Click your username on the desktop task bar.
2. Select Login and Security. The Login and Security window appears.
3. Go to the Password tab.
4. Click Log Me Out.
2-step verication
Overview
2-step verication enhances the security of user accounts by requiring an extra verication method in addition to user passwords. To use 2-step verication, you must install one of the following authenticator applications on your mobile device.
• QNAP Authenticator
• Microsoft Authenticator
• Google Authenticator
We recommend using QNAP Authenticator, which supports all verication methods. Microsoft Authenticator and Google Authenticator only support the Security Code (TOTP) method.
Important
• You cannot enable 2-step verication and passwordless login at the same time.
• Some verication methods require the myQNAPcloud service and a QNAP ID to access the NAS via the Internet. We recommend setting up myQNAPcloud and creating a QNAP ID before enabling 2-step verication if you want to remotely access your NAS.
Supported Verication Methods
QTS supports the following four verication methods for 2-step verication. You can enable multiple verication methods, and you can choose freely from these methods upon each login.
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QTS 5.2.x User Guide
Verication
Method
Security Code (TOTP)
QR Code Use your authenticator app to scan a QR code displayed on the NAS login
Login Approval Approve a login request displayed on your authenticator app.
Online Veri‐ cation Code
Enter a dynamic security code generated by your authenticator app every 30 seconds. This verication method does not require a network connection.
Tip
• Security Code (TOTP) is a mandatory verication method if you enable 2-step verication.
• This verication method also supports Microsoft Authenticator and Google Authenticator.
screen.
Enter an online verication code displayed on your authenticator app.
Description
Enabling 2-step verication with a security code (TOTP)
You can freely choose a verication method during the 2-step verication setup. Nevertheless, we recommend enabling your 2-step verication with a security code (TOTP). You can then easily enable other methods at once after completing the setup.
Important
Security Code (TOTP) is a mandatory verication method. You still need to enable Security Code as an alternative method to complete the setup even if you choose to enable 2-step verication with other methods.
1. Click your username on the desktop task bar.
2. Select Login and Security. The Login and Security window appears.
3. Go to the 2-Step Verication tab.
4. Specify a recovery email address.
Tip
This allows the system to send you messages via your email address when you cannot access your mobile device. You can choose to use the personal email address specied in your user prole as the recovery email address.
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5. Click Get Started. The Verify Your Identity window appears.
6. Enter your password to conrm this action.
7. Click OK.
QTS displays available verication methods in a new window.
8. Select Security Code (TOTP).
9. Click Start.
10. On your mobile device, download and install QNAP Authenticator from Apple App Store or
Google Play.
11. Click Next.
12. Open QNAP Authenticator and scan the QR code displayed on the computer screen.
QNAP Authenticator connects to your NAS and adds the NAS to the device list.
13. On your QNAP Authenticator, go to the TOTP tab. QNAP Authenticator displays a dynamic security code that is automatically renewed every 30 seconds.
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
14. On the NAS, enter the security code currently displayed on QNAP Authenticator.
Tip
QNAP Authenticator displays a security code with a space in the middle. However, you do not need to insert a space when entering a security code on the NAS.
15. Click Verify.
16. Click Finish. The Verify Your Identity window appears.
17. Enter your password to conrm this action.
18. Click OK.
QTS displays a summary of your 2-step verication settings.
19. Optional: Enable more verication methods.
• QR Code
• Login Approval
• Online Verication Code
2-Step Verication is now enabled for your account. Starting from your next login, you will need to verify your identity with a security code (or with another method) after entering your password.
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Enabling 2-step verication with a QR code
Important
You must also enable the Security Code (TOTP) as an alternative verication method.
1. Click your username on the desktop task bar.
2. Select Login and Security. The Login and Security window appears.
3. Go to the 2-Step Verication tab.
4. Specify a recovery email address.
Tip
This allows the system to send you messages via your email address when you cannot access your mobile device. You can choose to use the personal email address specied in your user prole as the recovery email address.
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
5. Click Get Started. The Verify Your Identity window appears.
6. Enter your password to conrm this action.
7. Click OK.
QTS displays available verication methods in a new window.
8. Select QR Code.
9. Click Start.
10. On your mobile device, download and install QNAP Authenticator from Apple App Store or
Google Play.
11. Click Next.
12. Open QNAP Authenticator and scan the QR code displayed on the computer screen.
QNAP Authenticator connects to your NAS and adds your NAS to the device list.
13. Click Next. QTS displays a summary of your 2-step verication settings.
14. Optional: Enable more verication methods.
• QR Code
• Login Approval
• Online Verication Code
15. Click Next. The Verify Your Identity window appears.
16. Enter your password to conrm this action.
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QTS 5.2.x User Guide
17. Click Finish.
18. Set up Security Code (TOTP) as an alternative verication method.
a. Use your QNAP Authenticator to scan the QR code displayed on the computer screen.
QNAP Authenticator displays a dynamic security code that is automatically renewed every 30 seconds.
b. On the NAS, click Next.
c. On the NAS, enter the security code currently displayed on your QNAP Authenticator.
d. Click Verify.
19. Click Finish.
QTS displays a summary of your 2-step verication settings.
2-Step Verication is now enabled for your account. Starting from your next login, you will need to verify your identity with a QR code (or with another method) after entering your password.
Enabling 2-step verication with a login approval
Important
You must also enable the Security Code (TOTP) as an alternative verication method.
1. Click your username on the desktop task bar.
2. Select Login and Security. The Login and Security window appears.
3. Go to the 2-Step Verication tab.
4. Specify a recovery email address.
Tip
This allows the system to send you messages via your email address when you cannot access your mobile device. You can choose to use the personal email address specied in your user prole as the recovery email address.
5. Click Get Started. The Verify Your Identity window appears.
6. Enter your password to conrm this action.
7. Click OK.
QTS displays available verication methods in a new window.
8. Select Login Approval.
9. Click Start.
10. On your mobile device, download and install QNAP Authenticator from Apple App Store or
Google Play.
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11. Click Next.
12. Open QNAP Authenticator and scan the QR code displayed on the computer screen.
QNAP Authenticator connects to your NAS and displays a verication code.
13. Verify whether QTS also displays the same verication code.
14. On QNAP Authenticator, tap Approve if both verication codes match.
QTS displays a summary of your 2-step verication settings.
15. Optional: Enable more verication methods.
• QR Code
• Login Approval
• Online Verication Code
16. Click Next. The Verify Your Identity window appears.
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
17. Enter your password to conrm this action.
18. Set up Security Code (TOTP) as an alternative verication method.
a. Use your QNAP Authenticator to scan the QR code displayed on the computer screen.
QNAP Authenticator displays a dynamic security code that is automatically renewed every 30 seconds.
b. On the NAS, click Next.
c. On the NAS, enter the security code currently displayed on your QNAP Authenticator.
d. Click Verify.
19. Click Finish.
QTS displays a summary of your 2-step verication settings.
2-Step Verication is now enabled for your account. Starting from your next login, you will need to verify your identity with a login approval (or with another method) after entering your password.
Enabling 2-step verication with an online verication code
Important
You must also enable the Security Code (TOTP) as an alternative verication method.
1. Click your username on the desktop task bar.
2. Select Login and Security. The Login and Security window appears.
3. Go to the 2-Step Verication tab.
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4. Specify a recovery email address.
Tip
This allows the system to send you messages via your email address when you cannot access your mobile device. You can choose to use the personal email address specied in your user prole as the recovery email address.
5. Click Get Started. The Verify Your Identity window appears.
6. Enter your password to conrm this action.
7. Click OK.
QTS displays available verication methods in a new window.
8. Select Online Verication Code.
9. Click Start.
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
10. On your mobile device, download and install QNAP Authenticator from Apple App Store or Google Play.
11. Click Next.
12. Open QNAP Authenticator and scan the QR code displayed on the computer screen.
QNAP Authenticator connects to your NAS and displays a verication code.
13. On the NAS, enter the verication code displayed on your QNAP Authenticator.
14. Click Verify.
15. Click Next.
QTS displays a summary of your 2-step verication settings.
16. Optional: Enable more verication methods.
• QR Code
• Login Approval
• Online Verication Code
17. Click Next. The Verify Your Identity window appears.
18. Enter your password to conrm this action.
19. Set up Security Code (TOTP) as an alternative verication method.
a. Use your QNAP Authenticator to scan the QR code displayed on the computer screen.
QNAP Authenticator displays a dynamic security code that is automatically renewed every 30 seconds.
b. On the NAS, click Next.
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c. On the NAS, enter the security code currently displayed on your QNAP Authenticator.
d. Click Verify.
20. Click Finish.
QTS displays a summary of your 2-step verication settings.
2-Step Verication is now enabled for your account. Starting from your next login, you will need to verify your identity with an online verication code (or with another method) after entering your password.
Logging in with 2-step verication
When 2-step verication is enabled, after entering your password, you must verify your identity with an extra verication method: security code (TOTP), QR code, login approval, or online verication code. These methods require your mobile device. Nevertheless, if your mobile device is not available, you can still choose to receive a verication code sent to your email address.
1. Connect to your NAS. The NAS displays the login screen.
2. Enter your username.
3. Click Next.
4. Enter your password.
5. Click Next.
6. Verify your identify.
Tip
You can click Try another way to select a dierent verication method.
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Veri‐
User Action
cation
Method
Security
a. Open QNAP Authenticator and go to the TOTP tab. Code (TOTP)
b. On the NAS, enter the security code currently displayed on QNAP Authen‐
ticator.
c. Click Next.
QR Code Open QNAP Authenticator and scan the QR code displayed on the NAS login
screen.
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Veri‐ cation
Method
Login Approval
Online
Veri‐ cation
Code
User Action
a. Verify whether the NAS and QNAP Authenticator display the same security
code.
b. Tap Approve on QNAP Authenticator.
a. Open QNAP Authenticator and check the verication code.
b. On the NAS, enter the verication code.
c. Click Next.
Email a. Enter the verication code sent to your email address.
b. Click Next.
7. Optional: Enable Don't verify again on this device if you want to reduce verication frequency
on this device.
After a successful verication, you are logged in to the NAS. The system displays the desktop and is ready for use.
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Tip
If you cannot log in to the NAS with any of the above methods due to the unavailability of your mobile device and your email account, you can press the reset button on the NAS for 3 seconds to activate the default administrator account "admin", restore its default password (the Cloud Key of the device), and then log in to the NAS with this "admin" account. You can then disable 2-step verication for your own account in Control Panel > Privilege > Users > Account Prole. Nevertheless, after completing the setup, you should disable the "admin" account to ensure system security.
Enforcing 2-step verication
To ensure account and data security, administrators can enforce 2-step verication on specic users or groups. Once 2-step verication is enforced, users must complete the verication setup upon their next login before proceeding to any other operations.
Note
Users with the System Management or Access Management delegated role can edit 2-step verication settings on anyone except the following users and groups:
• Their own user accounts and their own groups
• Users in the "Administrators" group
1. Log on to QTS as administrator.
2. Go to Control Panel > System > Security > 2-step Verication.
QTS displays a list of users and their 2-step verication status.
Tip
You can select an option from the drop-down list to view the current status of local users, local groups, domain users, and domain groups.
Status Description
Enabled 2-step verication is enabled for this user.
Disabled 2-step verication is disabled for this user.
Incomplete 2-step verication is enforced for this user, but this user has not completed
the setup.
3. Select users or groups on whom you want to enforce 2-step verication.
4. Click Apply.
The verication status of the selected users changes from Disabled to Incomplete. When the
selected users complete the setup, the status will change to Enabled.
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Disabling 2-step verication
After disabling 2-step verication, you will only be able to verify your identity with your password. Disabling 2-step verication makes your account less secure. If possible, QNAP recommends using 2-step verication to enhance your account and device security.
Important
This topic explains how to disable 2-step verication for your own account. If you are an administrator and want to disable 2-step verication for other user accounts, go to Control
Panel > Privilege > Users and then edit their account prole settings.
1. Click your username on the desktop task bar.
2. Select Login and Security. The Login and Security window appears.
3. Go to the 2-Step Verication tab.
4. Under Protect your account with 2-Step Verication, click Disable. The Verify Your Identity window appears.
5. Enter your password.
6. Click OK.

Passwordless login

Overview
Passwordless login simplies and secures your login process by verifying your identity with your mobile device. To use passwordless login, you must install QNAP Authenticator.
Important
• You need the myQNAPcloud service and a QNAP ID to access the NAS via the Internet. You should set up myQNAPcloud and create your QNAP ID before enabling passwordless login.
• You cannot enable 2-step verication and passwordless login at the same time.
Supported Verication Methods
QTS supports the following verication methods for passwordless login. You can enable multiple verication methods, and you can choose freely from these methods upon each login.
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Verication Method Description
QR Code Use QNAP Authenticator to scan a QR code displayed on the NAS login
screen.
Login Approval Approve a login request displayed on QNAP Authenticator.

Enabling passwordless login with a QR code

1. Click your username on the desktop task bar.
2. Select Login and Security. The Login and Security window appears.
3. Go to the Passwordless Login tab.
4. Specify a recovery email address.
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
Tip
This allows the system to send messages to your email if you cannot access your mobile device. You can choose to use the personal email address specied in your user prole or another email as the recovery email address.
5. Click Get Started. The Verify Your Identity window appears.
6. Enter your password to conrm this action.
7. Click OK.
QTS displays available verication methods in a new window.
8. Select QR Code.
9. Click Start.
10. On your mobile device, download and install QNAP Authenticator from Apple App Store or
Google Play.
11. Click Next.
12. Open QNAP Authenticator and scan the QR code displayed on the computer screen.
QNAP Authenticator connects to your NAS and adds your NAS to the device list.
13. Click Next.
14. Optional: Enable the Login Approval method.
15. Click Finish.
QTS displays a summary of your passwordless login settings.
Passwordless login is now enabled for your account. Starting from your next login, you can verify your identity with a QR code without entering your password.
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Enabling passwordless login with a login approval

1. Click your username on the desktop task bar.
2. Select Login and Security. The Login and Security window appears.
3. Go to the Passwordless Login tab.
4. Specify a recovery email address.
Tip
This allows the system to send messages to your email if you cannot access your mobile device. You can choose to use the personal email address specied in your user prole or another email as the recovery email address.
5. Click Get Started. The Verify Your Identity window appears.
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
6. Enter your password to conrm this action.
7. Click OK.
QTS displays available verication methods in a new window.
8. Select Login Approval.
9. Click Start.
10. On your mobile device, download and install QNAP Authenticator from Apple App Store or
Google Play.
11. Click Next.
12. Open QNAP Authenticator and scan the QR code displayed on the computer screen.
QNAP Authenticator connects to your NAS and displays a verication code.
13. Verify whether QTS displays the same verication code.
14. On your QNAP Authenticator, tap Approve if both verication codes match. The Verify Your Identify window appears on the NAS.
15. Enter your password.
16. Click OK.
17. Optional: Enable the QR Code method.
18. Click Finish.
QTS displays a summary of your passwordless login settings.
Passwordless login is now enabled for your account. Starting from your next login, you can verify your identity with a login approval without entering your password.
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Logging in without your password

When Passwordless Login is enabled, you can verify your identity using QNAP Authenticator on your mobile device, or through a verication code sent to your email if your mobile device is not available.
1. Connect to your NAS. The system displays the login screen.
2. Enter your username.
3. Click Next.
4. Verify your identify.
Tip
You can click Try another way to select a dierent verication method.
Veri‐ cation
Method
QR Code Open QNAP Authenticator and scan the QR code displayed on the NAS login
screen.
User Action
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Veri‐ cation
Method
Login Approval
Email a. Enter the verication code sent to your email address.
a. Verify whether the NAS and QNAP Authenticator display the same security
code.
b. Tap Approve on QNAP Authenticator.
User Action
b. Click Next.
Tip
You can still access the NAS using your password by clicking Enter your password.
After scanning the QR code or approving the login request, you are logged in to the NAS. The system displays the desktop and is ready for use.
Tip
If you cannot access the NAS with these methods due to the unavailability of your mobile device and your own password, you can press the reset button on the NAS for 3 seconds to activate the default administrator account "admin", restore its default password (the Cloud Key of the device), and then log in to the NAS with this "admin" account. You can then reset the password of your own account. Nevertheless, after completing the setup, you should disable the "admin" account to ensure system security.

Disabling passwordless login

After disabling passwordless login, you will only be able to verify your identity with your password.
1. Click your username on the desktop task bar.
2. Select Login and Security. The Login and Security window appears.
3. Go to the Passwordless Login tab.
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4. Under Protect your account with Passwordless Login, click Disable. The Verify Your Identity window appears.
5. Enter your password.
6. Click OK.
Passwordless login is disabled. You can only verify your identity with your password.

Support and other resources

QNAP provides the following resources:
Resource URL
Documentation https://download.qnap.com
Compatibility List https://www.qnap.com/compatibility
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
NAS Migration Compatibility https://www.qnap.com/go/nas-migration
Expansion Unit Compatibility https://www.qnap.com/go/compatibility-expansion
Service Portal https://service.qnap.com
Product Support Status https://www.qnap.com/go/product/eol.php
Downloads https://download.qnap.com
Community Forum https://forum.qnap.com
QNAP Accessories Store https://shop.qnap.com
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2. Getting Started

After completing hardware setup and rmware installation, you can start creating storage pools and volumes to store your data and then congure user accounts to control access to your data. To access and manage your les via the internet, you can set up remote access and enable the myQNAPcloud service for your device. To ensure data availability, you can back up your NAS data to multiple destinations using various backup solutions.
In addition to built-in features, you can also install applications and purchase software licenses to add functionality to your device. To protect your data from security threats, you should take action to prevent unauthorized access, update your software regularly, and use security utilities to secure your QNAP device.

Storing data

To store data on the NAS, you must create storage pools, volumes, and shared folders, which are features designed to help you facilitate data storage and management. You can congure storage settings in Storage & Snapshots, a powerful built-in utility for storage and snapshot management in QTS.
1. Create a storage pool. A storage pool combines multiple physical disks into one large storage space and may contain one or more RAID groups. You need to create at least one storage pool. You can also choose a RAID type that meets your needs for data redundancy and storage performance. For details, see Creating a storage pool.
2. Create a volume. A volume is a storage space created from a storage pool or a RAID group, allowing you to divide and manage available storage capacity. QTS provides several volume types for dierent combinations of performance and exibility. You need to create at least one volume to start storing data on the NAS. For details, see Volume creation.
3. Create a shared folder. A shared folder is created on a volume, allowing you to access, manage, and share your les. QTS automatically creates several default shared folders for various purposes. You can create more shared folders and congure their access permission settings to better manage your les. For details, see Creating a shared folder.

Accessing data

QTS provides several simple ways to access your data on the NAS when your NAS and computer are on the same local network. With a web browser, you can access and manage your les using File Station in QTS. You can also access mounted shared folders directly via the le manager on your Windows or macOS computer.
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• Access les via File Station.
a. Access the NAS.
You can directly access the NAS via its IP address using a web browser. You can also discover and access your NAS on the local network using Qnder Pro. For details, see:
• Accessing the NAS using a browser
• Accessing the NAS using Qnder Pro
b. Open File Station.
File Station is the le manager in QTS, allowing you to browse, manage, and share les on the NAS. You can also create and congure shared folders in File Station to facilitate le management. For details, see File Station.
• Access les via shared folders mounted on your computer. You can mount a shared folder as a network drive on your computer. This allows you to directly access mounted shared folders using the le manager on your Windows or macOS computer. For details, see:
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
• Mapping a shared folder on a Windows computer
• Mounting a shared folder on a Mac computer

Backing up data

Regular backup is crucial for data protection. QNAP provides various backup solutions to ensure the availability of your data. You can start backup up your les with the following tools designed to meet your essential backup needs.
Hybrid Backup Sync allows you to back up, restore, and synchronize the data on your local NAS to remote NAS, external devices, cloud storage services, and vice versa. You can also take snapshots for the volumes on your local NAS and then use Snapshot Replica to back up these snapshots to a remote NAS.
• Use Hybrid Backup Sync to back up your NAS data.
a. Install Hybrid Backup Sync on the NAS.
b. Create a backup job or a sync job.
Hybrid Backup Sync is a comprehensive solution for data backup and disaster recovery. You can create several types of backup and sync jobs between the local NAS and multiple destinations (including remote NAS, external devices, and cloud storage services). Hybrid Backup Sync enhances data deduplication and encryption for your backup data. This essential tool also provides various features to facilitate job conguration and management.
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For details, see Hybrid Backup Sync Help.
• Take and back up snapshots for your NAS data.
a. Take snapshots for volumes.
b. Use Snapshot Replica to back up snapshots.
An essential feature for data protection, a snapshot records the state of a volume at a specic point in time. Using a snapshot, you can restore a volume to a previous state or restore the previous versions of les or folders. You can view and manage your snapshots in Storage & Snapshots. To further protect your data, you can use Snapshot Replica to back up your snapshots to another storage pool on the local NAS or to a remote NAS. In the event of a disaster, you can choose to recover your data on the source NAS or on the destination NAS. For details, see:
• Taking a snapshot
• Creating a Snapshot Replica job
Conguring privilege settings
QTS allows you to create user accounts and user groups, specify user privileges, and congure shared folder permissions. These features are essential for data security and management.
The admin account is the default administrator account in QTS. To enhance your data and device security, we recommend creating another administrator account and then disabling the admin account.
1. Create an administrator account. You can create a new user account to replace the admin account. To grant administrator privileges to this new user, you must add this new user to the administrator group. You should also grant shared folder access permissions to this user. For details, see Creating an administrator account.
2. Disable the admin account. After creating a new administrator, you should disable the default admin account and then start managing the NAS with this new administrator account. For details, see Disabling a default administrator account.
3. Create more users or user groups. You can create other users or user groups and grant them dierent levels of privileges to control access to your data on the NAS. For details, see:
• Creating a local user
• Creating a user group
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Setting up remote access

myQNAPcloud is a QNAP service that allows you to connect to the NAS via the internet. With this service, you can remotely access your data on the NAS and use a wide variety of mobile applications designed for the QNAP NAS wherever you go. To use the myQNAPcloud service, you must rst create a QNAP ID and then register your NAS to your QNAP ID.
1. Create a QNAP ID. QNAP ID is your QNAP account that allows you to access various QNAP services. To create a QNAP ID, go to https://account.qnap.com. For details, see Creating a QNAP ID.
2. Set up myQNAPcloud on your device. After creating a QNAP ID, you need to enable the myQNAPcloud service on your NAS and then associate your device with your QNAP ID. You can also congure various remote access settings in myQNAPcloud. For details, see myQNAPcloud.
3. Remotely access the NAS via myQNAPcloud. After setting up myQNAPcloud on your NAS, you can remotely access and manage the NAS via the myQNAPcloud website or via the SmartURL generated for your NAS.
4. Remotely access the NAS on your mobile device. QNAP provides a wide range of mobile applications that enable you to access, manage, monitor, and back up your NAS wherever you go. After installing these QNAP applications on your mobile devices, you must sign in to them with your QNAP ID. For details, go to https://www.qnap.com/go/mobile-apps.

Acquiring apps and licenses

QTS provides various essential applications to help manage your NAS. In addition to these built-in features, QTS also allows you to install more applications from the App Center to further enhance the functionality of your device. To gain access to certain advanced features and premium products, you must purchase and activate licenses for your device.
1. Install applications in the App Center. App Center provides a wide variety of applications and utilities. You can also manage and update your installed applications in the App Center. For details, see App Center.
2. Purchase licenses in the QNAP Software Store.
QNAP Software Store is an online store where you can purchase licenses and manage your
orders. QNAP provides various types of licenses and subscription plans to meet dierent needs and usage environments. For details, see Licenses.
3. Activate licenses in the License Center or License Manager. Some licenses are automatically activated after being purchased. However, sometimes you must manually activate a license. License Center allows you to manage licenses on your local device. License Manager allows you and your organization to manage licenses under your QNAP ID.
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For details, see Licenses.

Securing the NAS

All networked devices face constant security threats. To reduce the risk of your data being attacked, we strongly recommend following the best practices to secure your NAS. In essence, you should prevent unauthorized access, update your device software regularly, and install security utilities to protect your device.
1. Prevent unauthorized access to your device.
a. Create a new administrator account and disable the admin account.
The admin account is the default administrator account. Nevertheless, to enhance the security of your device, we strongly recommend creating another administrator account and then disabling the admin account. For details, see Default administrator account.
b. Enhance user password strength.
We recommend enhancing your password strength and changing your passwords regularly to prevent brute-force attacks. For details, see Modifying user account information.
c. Set up 2-step verication.
2-step verication further enhances the security of user accounts by requiring users to specify a security code in addition to their account credentials during the login process. For details, see 2-step verication.
d. Remove unknown or suspicious accounts.
We recommend verifying user accounts regularly and deleting any unknown or suspicious accounts. For details, see Deleting users.
e. Remove unnecessary permissions from general users.
We recommend restricting the permissions of non-administrator users to limit their access to system operations and sensitive data. This helps mitigate the impact of a compromised user account. For details, see Modifying user account information.
f. Remove unknown or suspicious applications.
We recommend only installing applications and utilities that have digital signatures, which validate software developed by QNAP and other QNAP-trusted developers. You should regularly check your installed applications and remove any unknown or suspicious applications from the App Center. For details, see Digital signatures and Uninstalling an app.
g. Congure access settings in myQNAPcloud.
To ensure your data security, UPnP is disabled by default. We recommend manually conguring port forwarding settings on your router. We also recommend conguring access control and only publishing necessary services in myQNAPcloud. For details, see:
• Conguring UPnP port forwarding
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• Conguring device access controls for stand-alone devices
2. Update your rmware and applications to the latest versions.
a. Update the rmware to the latest version.
We strongly recommend regularly updating the rmware of your device to the latest version to benet from the latest features, enhancements, and security xes. You can also choose to automatically check for and install available updates. For details, see Firmware update.
b. Update applications to the latest versions.
You should regularly update your installed applications to their latest versions for better performance, functionality, and security. App Center allows you to check for all available updates and then install updates for multiple applications at the same time. For details, see:
• Updating an app
• Batch updating multiple apps
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
3. Install and run security utilities on the NAS.
a. Run Malware Remover.
Malware Remover is a built-in utility designed to protect QNAP devices against malicious software. You can run instant or scheduled scans to remove malicious software from your device. For details, see Malware Remover.
b. Install and run Security Counselor.
Security Counselor is the security portal that allows you to centrally congure security settings and manage security components on your QNAP device. You can choose security policies, scan the device, and check for potential security weaknesses on the device. Security Counselor identies potential risks and provides suggestions to help you enhance device security. You can also subscribe to QNAP security advisories to stay informed of the latest security xes and solutions.
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3. System Settings

General settings

Settings Description
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
System Adminis‐ tration
Time Time settings aect event logs and scheduled tasks. This screen allows
Daylight Saving Time (DST)
Codepage This screen allows you to select the language that the NAS uses to display
Region This screen allows you to select a region for your NAS. System and
Login Screen This screen allows you to customize the NAS login screen.
Console Management
This screen allows you to specify the server name and ports and congure secure connection settings.
you to specify the time zone and format and congure the system date and time.
Daylight saving time (DST) settings apply only to regions that use DST. This screen allows you to either automatically adjust the system clock or manually congure the settings.
le and directory information.
application content and services are localized according to the selected region.
This screen allows you to enable console management.
Conguring system administration settings
1. Go to Control Panel > System > General Settings > System Administration.
2. Specify the following information.
a. Server name: Specify a name containing up to 14 characters from any of the following
groups:
• Letters: A to Z, a to z
• Numbers: 0 to 9
• Dashes (-)
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Important
• The server name must contain one or more letters.
• The server name cannot consist of numbers only.
• The server name cannot start with a dash.
• The host name must contain one or more letters.
• The host name cannot consist of numbers only.
• The host name cannot start with a dash.
b. System port: Specify the port used to access the web interface.
Tip
The default port is 8080.
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
c. Enable HTTP compression: Select this option to improve transfer speeds and bandwidth
utilization. This setting is enabled by default.
Warning
Enabling this option may lead to security risks.
d. Enable secure connection (HTTPS): Select this option to allow HTTPS connections.
1. Select Enable secure connection (HTTPS).
2. Select a TLS version.
The default TLS version is 1.2.
Warning
Selecting the latest TLS version may decrease compatibility for other clients in your system.
3. Enable strong cipher suites.
4. Specify a port number.
5. Optional:
Select Force secure connection (HTTPS) only to require all users to connect to the NAS using only HTTPS.
e. Custom "Server" HTTP header: Select this option to specify a server HTTP header.
f. Do not allow QTS embedding in IFrames: Select this option to prevent websites from
embedding QTS using IFrames.
1. Click Allowed Websites to allow a specic website to embed QTS in IFrames.
2. The Allowed Websites window appears.
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QTS 5.2.x User Guide
3. Optional: Click Add to add a website to the list. The Add Host Name window appears.
4. Specify a host name.
5. Click Add.
The host name is added to the allowed websites list.
6. Optional: Select a website, and then click Delete to delete a website from the list.
7. Click Apply.
g. Enable X-Content-Type-Options HTTP header: Select this option to protect your device
from attacks that exploit MIME sning vulnerabilities.
h. Enable Content-Security-Policy-HTTP header: Select this option to protect your device
from attacks that exploit Cross Site Scripting (XSS) and data injection vulnerabilities.
i. Redirect URL to NAS login page: Select this option to enable redirecting the URL to the
NAS login page.
Important
• QNAP recommends disabling this feature to prevent your NAS system from being exposed to the public.
• If you have disabled the Web Server and entered the NAS IP address without the system port, the URL will be redirected to the NAS login page.
• You can check the web server settings by going to Control Panel > Applications > Web Server.
3. Click Apply.
Conguring time settings
Important
You must congure the system time correctly to avoid the following issues.
• When using a web browser to connect to the NAS or save a le, the displayed time of the action is incorrect.
• Event logs do not reect the exact time that events occurred.
• Scheduled tasks run at the wrong time.
1. Go to Control Panel > System > General Settings > Time.
2. Select a time zone.
3. Specify the date and time format.
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4. Select the time setting.
Option User Action
Manual setting Specify the date and time.
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
Synchronize with a time server automat‐ ically
Set the server time the same as your computer time
5. Click Apply.
Ensure that your NAS is connected to the Internet, and then specify the following information:
• Server: Name of the Network Time Protocol (NTP) server Examples: time.nist.gov, time.windows.com
• Optional: Click Test Connection. The system will test if a connection can be established with the congured time server.
• Time interval: Number of hours or days between each time synchronization task
Click Update.
Conguring daylight saving time
These settings are available for NAS users in regions that use Daylight Saving Time (DST). Users outside these regions can disregard these settings.
1. Go to Control Panel > System > General Settings > Daylight Saving Time.
2. Select Adjust system clock automatically for daylight saving time.
3. Optional: Select Enable customized daylight saving time table.
4. Optional: Perform any of the following actions.
Action Steps
Add DST data a. Click Add Daylight Saving Time Data.
The Add Daylight Saving Time Data window appears.
b. Specify a time period and the number of minutes to oset.
c. Click Apply.
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Action Steps
Edit DST data a. Select a DST schedule from the table.
b. Click .
c. Specify a time period and the number of minutes to oset.
d. Click Apply.
Delete DST data a. Select a DST schedule from the table.
b. Click Delete.
c. Click OK.
5. Optional: Select a DST schedule from the table.
6. Click Apply.
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
Conguring codepage settings
All les and directories on the NAS use Unicode encoding. If your operating system or FTP client does not support Unicode, you must congure the following settings to properly view les and directories on the NAS.
1. Go to Control Panel > System > General Settings > Codepage.
2. Select the language of your operating system.
3. Click Apply.
Conguring region settings
Important
The NAS region settings aect device connectivity and the functionality, content, and validity of some applications, utilities, licenses, and certicates. Ensure that you select the correct region to avoid errors.
1. Go to Control Panel > System > General Settings > Region.
2. Select a region.
Region Description
Global Select this region if the NAS is located outside of China.
China Select this region if the NAS is located in China.
3. Click Apply.
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Conguring the login screen
1. Go to Control Panel > System > General Settings > Login Screen.
2. Congure the following settings.
Field User Action
Show the link bar Select this option to display links to myQNAPCloud, QNAP Utilities,
and Feedback.
Background Select a background image or ll color.
Logo Select a logo.
Message Specify a message that will appear on the login screen. You can enter
a maximum of 120 ASCII characters. You can also select the font color and size.
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
3. Click Preview to view the changes.
4. Click Apply.

Enabling or disabling console management

Console Management is a text-based tool that helps the admin account perform basic conguration or maintenance tasks.
1. Go to Control Panel > System > General Settings > Console Management.
2. Optional: Select Enable Console Management.
Note
Enable Console Management is enabled by default.
3. Deselect Enable Console Management to disable the feature.
4. Click Apply.

Security

To protect your NAS from unauthorized access, you can congure allow or deny lists, enable IP access protection, upload SSL certicates and custom root certicates. Additionally, you can use account access protection or create a unique password policy for your NAS.
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Conguring the allow/deny list
Important
If you have installed QuFirewall on your device, go to QuFirewall to congure the allow or deny list.
1. Go to Control Panel > System > Security > Allow/Deny List.
2. Select an option.
Option Description User Action
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
Allow all connections
Use IP deny list The NAS cannot connect to any
Use IP allow list
The NAS can connect to all IP addresses and network domains.
IP address or network domains included in the IP deny list.
Tip
To remove an IP address, netmask, or IP range, select an entry from the table, and then click Remove.
The NAS can only connect to the IP addresses or network domains included in the IP allow list.
Tip
To remove an IP address, netmask, or IP range, select an entry from the table, and then click Remove.
Select Allow all connections.
a. Select Deny connections
from the list.
b. Click Add.
The IP conguration window appears.
c. Specify an IP address,
netmask, or IP range.
d. Click Create.
a. Select Allow connections
from the list only.
b. Click Add.
The IP conguration window appears.
c. Specify an IP address,
netmask, or IP range.
d. Click Create.
3. Click Apply.
Conguring IP access protection
You can congure your NAS to automatically block client IP addresses after too many failed login attempts within a specied time period.
1. Go to Control Panel > System > Security > IP Access Protection.
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2. Select the connection methods you want to protect.
Note
SSH, Telnet, and HTTP(S) are enabled by default.
3. Optional: Specify the following information:
Field Description
Time interval The interval of time in which the system counts successive failed
login attempts.
Failed login attempts The number of failed login attempts allowed within the specied
time interval.
IP block length The amount of time the IP address is blocked.
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
Note
• A time interval of 0 means the IP address will be blocked if the specied number of failed login attempts is reached, regardless of when those login attempts occurred.
• For example, if Time interval is set to 5 and Failed login attempts is set to 3, then the IP address will be blocked if the user attempts to login 5 times within 3 seconds.
4. Click Apply. If the time interval for any connection method is set to 0, you must verify your account password to apply the changes.
Conguring account access protection
1. Go to Control Panel > System > Security > Account Access Protection.
2. Specify the user type.
3. Select the connection methods you want to protect.
4. Optional: Specify the following information.
• Time period
• Maximum number of unsuccessful login attempts within the time period
5. Click Apply.
SSL certicate & private key
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is a protocol used for secure data transfers and encrypted communication between web servers and browsers. To avoid receiving alerts or error messages when accessing the web interface, upload a Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) certicate from a trusted provider through Server
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QTS 5.2.x User Guide
Certicate or import a custom root certicate to your QNAP device. QNAP recommends you purchase a valid SSL certicate from myQNAPcloud SSL Web Service Certicate. For details, see myQNAPcloud
website.
Replacing the server certicate
Warning
The NAS supports only X.509 PEM certicates and private keys. Uploading an invalid security certicate may prevent you from logging in to the NAS through SSL. To resolve the issue, you must restore the default security certicate and private key.
1. Go to Control Panel > System > Security > SSL Certicate & Private Key.
2. Go to Server Certicate.
3. Click Replace Certicate. The Replace Certicate window appears.
4. Select an option.
Option Description
Import certicate This option allows you to import an SSL certicate and private key
from your computer.
Get from Let's Encrypt
Create self-signed
certicate
5. Click Next. A conguration window appears.
This option uses the Let's Encrypt service to validate and issue a certicate for your specied domain.
Note
QNAP recommends you use port 80 or 443 for authorizing the SSL certicate domain and accessing the Internet.
This option allows you to create a self-signed certicate.
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6. Perform any of the following actions:
Option User Action
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
Import
certicate
Get from Let's Encrypt
Create self­signed
certicate
a. Click Browse to upload a valid certicate.
b. Click Browse to upload a valid private key.
c. Optional:
Click Browse to upload an intermediate certicate.
a. Specify a domain name containing a maximum of 63 ASCII characters,
without spaces.
b. Specify a valid email address.
c. Optional:
Specify an alternative name.
Tip
Use "," to separate multiple aliases. Example: 123.web.com,789.web.com
Congure the following information: Private key length, Common name, Email, Country, State/Province/Region, City, Organization, Department.
7. Click Apply.
Downloading the server certicate
1. Go to Control Panel > System > Security > SSL Certicate & Private Key.
2. Click Download Certicate.
A dialog box appears.
3. Select Certicate, Private Key, or both.
4. Click OK.
QTS downloads the selected les to your computer.
Managing a root certicate
1. Go to Control Panel > System > Security > SSL Certicate & Private Key.
2. Go to Custom Root Certicate.
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3. Select one of the following actions:
Action
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
Import a root
certicate
Edit a root
certicate
a. Click Import.
The Import Certicate window appears.
b. Click Browse.
The le upload window appears.
c. Select a le.
Important
The root certicate le cannot be larger than 1 MB. The following le formats are supported: *.PFX, *.P12, *.PEM, *.crt, *.cert
d. Click Next.
The certicate description page appears.
e. Click Import.
The imported root certicate is displayed in the client certicate table.
a. Click .
The Edit Root Certicate window appears.
b. Edit the certicate description.
c. Click Apply.
Delete a root
certicate
a. Select a root certicate.
b. Click Delete.
A conrmation message appears.
c. Click Yes.
Conguring the password policy
Important
The following password policy is congured by default:
• English letters: No restrictions
• Digits: Enabled
• Minimum length: 8
1. Go to Control Panel > System > Security > Password Policy.
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2. Optional: Under Password Strength, congure any of the following password criteria.
Criteria Description
English letters Passwords must contain at least one letter.
Select At least 1 uppercase and 1 lowercase to require at least one uppercase and one lowercase letter.
Digits Passwords must contain at least one number.
Special characters Passwords must contain at least one special character.
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
Must not include characters repeated three or more times consecutively
Must not be the same as the associated username, or the username reversed.
Minimum length The password length must be greater than or equal to
3. Optional: Require users to periodically change their passwords.
Important
Enabling this option disables Disallow the user to change password under user account settings.
a. Select Require users to change passwords periodically.
Repeating characters are not allowed. For example, AAA.
The password must not be the same as the username or the reversed username. For example, username: user1 and
password: 1resu.
the specied number. Specify a value between 4 and 64 characters.
b. Specify the maximum number of days that each user password is valid.
c. Optional: Select Send a notication email to users a week in advance before their
password expires.
4. Click Apply.

Hardware

You can congure general hardware settings, audio alerts, smart fan settings, and view all Single Root I/O Virtualization (SR-IOV) settings.
Note
SR-IOV settings only appears if the hardware supports it.
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Conguring general hardware settings
1. Go to Control Panel > System > Hardware > General.
2. Congure the following settings.
Settings User Action
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
Enable congu‐ ration reset
switch
Enable disk standby mode
Enable light signal alert
Enable write cache (EXT4 delay allocation)
Select this option to enable the reset button. For details, see System reset and restore to factory default.
Select this option to allow the NAS drives to enter standby mode if there is no disk access within the specied period. Disk status LED remains on during standby mode.
Important
Some QNAP NAS models that use NVMe solid-state drives do not support disk standby mode.
Select this option to allow the status LED to ash when free space on the NAS is less than the set value.
If the NAS disk volume uses EXT4, select this option for higher write performance. If the NAS is set as a shared storage in a virtualized or clustered environment, disable this option.
Enable redundant power supply mode
Run user-dened processes during startup
Warning
When this option is enabled, an unexpected system shutdown may lead to data loss.
Select this option to enable alerts and notications in case of redundant PSU failures. With this option enabled, a redundant PSU failure will trigger the following:
• A desktop notication
• An audio alert
• The system status LED becomes red
Select this option to run user-dened processes during startup.
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QTS 5.2.x User Guide
Settings User Action
Turn on LED Select this option to turn on the LED, set its brightness level, and set a
schedule for brightness setting.
Note
This function is only applicable for some models.
Do not shut down using the power button
Enable disk auto recovery
3. Click Apply.
Select this option to disable the power button. When this option is enabled, pressing the power button will not shut down the device.
Note
This feature is only available on certain models.
Select this option to allow the system to automatically reconnect any disks that have been unintentionally disconnected from the system. Enabling this feature helps speed up the RAID group rebuild process and enhance overall storage stability, but might have a slight impact on write performance.
Note
This feature is only available on certain models.
Conguring audio alert settings
1. Go to Control Panel > System > Hardware > Audio Alert.
2. Congure any of the following settings.
Setting Description
System operations
System events Select to trigger an audio alert when errors or warnings occur.
Select to trigger an audio alert every time the NAS starts, shuts down, or upgrades rmware.
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Setting Description
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
Enable speech
notication
3. Click Apply.
Select to replace some audio alerts with speech. You can select a language and modify the volume.
Tip
Click Test to check the modied speech settings. If there is no sound, another app may be using the speaker.
Conguring smart fan settings
1. Go to Control Panel > System > Hardware > Smart Fan.
2. Select fan rotation speed settings.
Note
Some NAS models allow users to separately adjust system and CPU smart fans.
Setting User Action
Automatically adjust fan speed (recommended)
Manually set fan speed
Select from the two automatic fan speed adjustment options.
a. QTS monitors the temperatures of the system, disks, and CPU
and automatically adjusts the fan speed.
b. QTS adjusts the fan speed according to user-specied temper‐
atures.
Note
Modes are only available for system fans.
• Quiet mode: Fans run on low speed to decrease noise.
• Normal mode: Fans run on normal speed. This is the default setting.
• Performance mode: Fans run on high speed to lower the system temperature. This mode is suitable for high loading systems.
Move the slider to set the fan speed.
3. Click Apply.
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QTS 5.2.x User Guide
Conguring hardware resource settings
You can congure and allocate expansion card resources for dierent software QTS applications in Hardware Resource Settings. You can also congure Thunderbolt expansion cards, AI accelerators, or network expansion cards that support SR-IOV.
For details, see Viewing Single Root I/O Virtualization (SR-IOV) settings
1. Go to Control Panel > System > Hardware > Hardware Resources. QTS lists the available expansion cards.
2. Identify the expansion cards you want to congure.
3. Under Resource Use, select an OS or an application.
Note
Some functions are only applicable for certain models and expansion cards.
OS or
Application
QTS QTS applications share expansion card resources for transcoding.
• Select Hardware Transcoding to allow QTS software to use expansion card resources to speed up transcoding tasks. Only one card can be assigned to hardware transcoding.
• Select Output to use expansion card resources for video output of HD Station or Linux Station. Only one card can be assigned to output.
Virtualization Station
Container Station
4. Click Apply.
Virtualization Station has exclusive use of all expansion card resources.
Container Station has exclusive use of all expansion card resources.
Description
Conguring Hailo-8 settings
You can congure the priority level and maximum number of Hailo-8 devices allocated to an app.
Important
• The system will not run apps with lower priority levels until Hailo-8 devices are released from running higher priority apps.
• You can allocate up to four Hailo-8 devices to an app.
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QTS 5.2.x User Guide
1. Go to Control Panel > System > Hardware > Hardware Resource.
2. Locate and click a Hailo-8 device from the list. The Halio-8 Priority Settings window appears.
3. Select an app.
4. Select a Hailo-8 priority level.
5. Select the maximum number of Hailo-8 devices.
6. Click Apply.
Conguring TPU settings
You can congure the priority level and maximum number of Tensor Processing Units (TPU) allocated to an app.
Important
• The system will not run apps with lower TPU priority levels until the TPU resource is released from running higher priority apps.
• You can allocate up to four TPU devices to an app.
1. Go to Control Panel > System > Hardware > Hardware Resource.
2. Locate and click a TPU device from the list. The Priority window appears.
3. Select an app.
4. Select a TPU priority level.
5. Select the maximum number of TPUs.
6. Click Apply.
Viewing Single Root I/O Virtualization (SR-IOV) settings
You can view all Single Root I/O Virtualization (SR-IOV) devices mapped to your virtual machines on the Control Panel > Hardware > Hardware Resources page. The SR-IOV interface is a hardware specication that allows a single PCIe device, such as a network adapter, to appear as multiple physical devices to the hypervisor. Because each device is directly assigned to an instance, it can bypass the hypervisor and virtual switch layer to achieve low latency and performance matching in nonvirtualized environments. SR-IOV achieves this through the following types of functions:
• Physical Function (PF): These are PCIe devices that have SR-IOV capabilities. PFs are managed and congured in the same way as PCIe devices.
• Virtual Function (VF): These are lightweight PCIe functions that only process I/O. Because each VF is derived from a PF, the device hardware limits the number of VFs a device can have. A VF shares one or more hardware resources of the device, such as a memory or network port. The following table lists all SR-IOV functions you can view in Hardware Resource:
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No. Settings Description
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
1 SR-IOV Devices Lists all the SR-IOV devices that are mapped to your virtual machine
(VM).
2 PF/VF Displays the physical function (PF) or virtual function (VF) congured to
the SR-IOV device.
3 VM Shows the virtual machines that are mapped to the PF or VF.
4 Resize
5 Show or Hide
6 Slot/Port Shows the slot/port type and slot/port number.
For details on how to congure an SR-IOV device to a VM, see the Virtualization Station user guide.
Click to enlarge or minimize the SR-IOV device panel window.
Click to show or hide the list of SR-IOV device details.

Power

You can congure Energy-using Products (EuP) and Wake-on-LAN (WOL) modes, select a NAS behavior after power outage, and specify power schedules.
Conguring EuP mode
Energy-using Products (EuP) is a regulatory directive designed to improve the energy eciency of electrical devices, reduce the use of hazardous substances, and to reduce the environmental impact of the product. To comply with the EuP directive, EuP mode can be enabled on your QNAP NAS.
1. Go to Control Panel > System > Power > EuP Mode Conguration.
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2. Select a mode.
Mode Description
Enable When enabled, Wake-on-LAN, power recovery, and power schedule settings are
disabled. The NAS keeps power consumption below 1W when powered o.
Disable When disabled, power consumption of the NAS is slightly higher than 1W when
powered o. EuP mode is disabled by default.
3. Click Apply.

Enabling or disabling Wake-on-LAN (WOL)

You can power on the NAS remotely using the Wake-on-LAN (WOL) protocol in Qnder Pro. This feature is enabled by default.
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
Important
If the power cable is disconnected when the NAS is powered o, WOL will not work until the NAS has been manually powered on.
1. Go to Control Panel > System > Power > Wake-on-LAN (WOL).
2. Select Enable or Disable.
3. Click Apply.
Conguring the power recovery settings
This feature allows you to congure the power on and o status of the NAS after a power outage.
1. Go to Control Panel > System > Power > Power Recovery.
2. Select a power recovery setting.
• Restore the previous NAS power state.
• Turn on the NAS automatically.
• Keep the NAS turned o.
3. Click Apply.
Conguring the Power Schedule
This feature allows you to schedule automatic system power on, power o, and restarts at specied times.
1. Go to Control Panel > System > Power > Power Schedule.
2. Select Enable schedule.
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3. Perform any of the following tasks.
Task User Action
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
Add a scheduled action
Remove a scheduled action
Edit scheduled action
Note
One schedule is shown by default.
a. Click Add.
b. Select the following.
• Power action: Select whether you want to shut down, restart, or turn on the NAS.
• Schedule: Select the frequency of the action.
• Start time: Select the time of day to perform the action.
a. Select one or multiple schedules.
b. Click Remove.
a. Select one a schedule.
b. Click in the action column.
The Edit Power Schedule window appears.
c. Edit the power schedule.
d. Click Apply.
Enabled/disable a scheduled action
4. Optional: Select Postpone scheduled restart/shutdown when a replication job is in progress.
5. Click Apply.
a. Select one a schedule.
b. Click in the action column.
The Edit Power Schedule window appears.
c. Select or deselect Enable schedule.
d. Click Apply.

External device

Uninterruptible power supply (UPS)

The NAS supports connecting to uninterruptible power supply (UPS) devices to protect the NAS from abnormal system shutdowns caused by power disruptions.
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NAS behavior during a power outage
The following table describes the possible scenarios during a power outage and the corresponding NAS behavior.
Phase Scenario NAS Behavior
Phase 1: From the start of the power outage until the end of the specied waiting time
Phase 2: From the end of the specied waiting time until the UPS runs out of power
The power outage occurs.
The UPS power is greater than 15%.
The UPS power is less than 15%.
The power is restored. The NAS remains functional.
The power is not restored, and the NAS is in auto-protection mode.
The NAS detects the remaining UPS power.
Depending on your UPS settings, the NAS powers o or switches to auto­protection mode after the specied waiting time elapses.
After 30 seconds, the NAS automatically powers o or switches to auto-protection mode regardless of the specied waiting time.
The NAS stops all running services. All shared folders and iSCSI LUNs become inaccessible.
Phase 3: From the moment the UPS runs out power until the power is restored
The power is not restored, and the NAS is powered o.
The power is restored, and the NAS is in auto­protection mode.
The power is restored, and the NAS is powered
o.
The power is not restored, and the NAS is in auto-protection mode.
The NAS remains powered
o.
The NAS restarts and resumes its previous state.
The NAS remains powered
o.
The NAS powers o.
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Phase Scenario NAS Behavior
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
Phase 3: From the moment the UPS runs out power until the power is restored
The power is not restored, and the NAS is powered o.
The power is restored. The NAS applies the
The NAS remains powered
o.
specied power recovery
settings.
UPS events and corresponding NAS behavior
The Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) events handled by the NAS during power disruptions include OnLine (OL), OnBattery (OB), OnSmartBoost (OSB), OFF (OFF), and OnBatteryTest (OBT). The NAS performs auto-protection or shutdown mode depending on the detected UPS status and your congured power failure settings. The following table describes the events and the corresponding NAS behavior.
UPS Event Denition NAS Status NAS Action
OnLine (OL) The UPS is operating normally. Normal None
OnSmartBoost (OSB) The UPS is operating on smart
boost mode.
OnBatteryTest (OBT) The UPS is in battery test mode. Normal None
OnBattery (OB) The UPS is operating on the
backup battery.
OFF (OFF) The UPS is not operating. Abnormal The NAS powers o.
Normal None
Abnormal The NAS enters auto-
protection or shuts down.
Conguring the UPS settings
1. Go to Control Panel > System > External Device > UPS.
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2. Select one of the following options and congure the settings.
Mode User Actions
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
USB connection
a. Connect the UPS to the NAS using a USB cable.
b. Select USB connection.
c. Choose one of the following options.
• Power o the server after the power fails for a specied time period
• Allow the NAS to enter auto-protection mode after the power fails for a specied time period
Note
In auto-protection mode, the NAS stops all services and unmounts all volumes to protect your data. After the power is restored, the NAS restarts and resumes normal operation.
d. (Optional) Select Enable network UPS master and then specify the
IP addresses to which QTS sends notications in the event of power failure.
Note
This option can only be selected when the UPS is connected to the NAS via USB.
SNMP connection
a. Connect the UPS to the same network as the NAS.
b. Select SNMP connection.
c. Specify the IP address of the UPS.
d. Congure the SNMP community.
e. Choose one of the following options.
• Power o the server after the power fails for a specied time period
• Allow the NAS to enter auto-protection mode after the power fails for a specied time period
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Mode User Actions
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
Network standby UPS
3. Click Apply.
a. Connect the UPS to the same network as the NAS.
b. Select Network UPS slave.
c. Specify the IP address of the UPS server.
d. Choose one of the following options.
• Power o the server after the power fails for a specied time period
• Allow the NAS to enter auto-protection mode after the power fails for a specied time period
Conguring USB settings
1. Go to Control Panel > System > External Device > USB.
2. Select one of the following options and congure the settings.
Setting Options
Disallow USB Devices
a. Select Disallow USB Devices.
b. Choose one of the following options.
• Disallow all USB device types
Note
All USB device types include: UPS, WiFi dongles, USB cameras, USB mouses, USB keyboards, USB speakers; and external USB storage devices such as USB ash drives, external hard drives, QNAP JBOD storage enclosures, and QNAP RAID expansion enclosures. This will also disable USB One Touch Copy and disallow le transfers from mobile devices.
• Disallow only USB storage devices
Note
USB storage device types include: external USB storage devices such as USB ash drives, external hard drives, QNAP JBOD storage enclosures, and QNAP RAID expansion enclosures. This will also disable USB One Touch Copy and disallow le transfers from mobile devices.
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3. Click Apply.
4. Click Restart Now to restart the NAS.

Firmware update

Important
On devices with QTS 4.5.4 or earlier, if the SQL server is enabled during the rmware update, the system automatically downloads the MariaDB 5 app and migrates the SQL server data to MariaDB. For details, see Conguring the MariaDB database.
QNAP recommends keeping your NAS rmware up to date. This ensures that your NAS benets from new software features, security updates, enhancements, and bug xes. By default, QTS automatically checks for rmware updates on a daily basis.
You can update the NAS rmware using one of the following methods:
Update Method Description
Using Check for Updates
Using automatic updates
Using Manual
Installation
Using Qnder Pro If your device is connected to the local area network, you can use Qnder
The following types of rmware updates are available:
The system will check for the available updates. If updates are available, they can be downloaded and installed immediately or postponed to a later date. For details, see Checking for updates.
You can congure QTS to periodically download and install the latest rmware updates. For details, see Updating the rmware automatically.
You can check for rmware updates on the QNAP website, download updates to a computer, and manually install updates onto your device. For details, see Updating the Firmware Manually.
Pro to check and install the latest rmware updates. For details, see Updating the rmware using Qnder Pro.
Update Type Description
Critical update
Critical updates provide xes for critical security vulnerabilities and critical system issues. These updates are appropriate for users who have high security demands.
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Update Type Description
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
Quality update
Latest update
Beta update These updates provide access to the latest features that have not been ocially
Quality updates provide bug and security xes, and xes for critical system issues. These updates are appropriate for users who have high system reliability demands.
The latest updates provide new features, enhancements, bug xes, and security updates. These updates are appropriate for users who want to try the newest features and enhancements.
released. Given that beta features are still under testing, these updates may not be as stable as ocial releases.

Firmware update requirements

Your device must meet the following requirements to perform a rmware update:
Settings Requirements
Hardware settings
• A computer
Important
A computer is required when updating the rmware using Manual Installation or Qnder Pro.
• Ethernet cables
Important
QNAP recommends updating the rmware using wired Ethernet connections to ensure your network connection remains stable during the rmware update process.
System reboot QNAP recommends rebooting the NAS system before the rmware update.
Administrator privileges
Stop NAS operations
You must be a NAS administrator or have admin privileges to update
rmware.
QNAP recommends stopping all other NAS operations before the rmware update. The NAS must restart before the rmware update takes eect and this may disrupt ongoing NAS services or operations.
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Settings Requirements
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
Device model name
Firmware version
Ensure you have the correct NAS model name. You can nd the NAS model name using the following methods:
• Locate the model name on a sticker on the bottom or rear of your device.
• Go to Control Panel > System Status > System Information > Model
name
If you are updating the rmware using Manual Installation or Qnder Pro, ensure the selected rmware version is correct for your device model.

Checking for updates

Warning
• To prevent data loss, QNAP recommends backing up all data on your device before updating the rmware. For details about data backup, see System backup and restore.
• Do not power o your device during the rmware update process.
Important
• Read the Firmware update requirements before updating the rmware.
• The update may require several minutes or longer depending on your hardware conguration and network connection.
1. Go to Control Panel > System > Firmware Update > Firmware Update.
2. Click Check for Updates.
• QTS checks for available rmware updates. You can choose to update QTS if an update is available.
• If the system has been running for longer than seven days, QNAP recommends restarting the device before updating the rmware. For details, see Firmware update requirements.
3. Select the rmware update to download and install.
Note
For information on the types of available rmware updates, see , see Firmware update.
4. Optional: Click Release notes to view the release notes of the rmware update.
5. Optional: Select Automatically restart the system if required for this update.
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6. Click Update. If the system has been running for longer than seven days, a conrmation window appears. QNAP recommends restarting the device before you proceed. Otherwise, the selected rmware update is downloaded and installed.
7. Optional: In the conrmation window, click Restart NAS. The device immediately restarts. After the device restarts, repeat these steps from the beginning.
Updating the rmware automatically
Enabling automatic updates ensures the operating system is up to date by automatically downloading and installing rmware updates at regular intervals of time. You can also congure automatic notications for available rmware updates.
Warning
• To prevent data loss, QNAP recommends backing up all data on your device before updating the rmware. For details about data backup, see Backup/Restore.
• Do not power o your device during the rmware update process.
Important
• Read the Firmware update requirements before updating the rmware.
• The update may require several minutes or longer depending on your hardware conguration and network connection.
• All ongoing tasks are suspended during the auto update. To prevent loss of data, the system cancels the update if there are any live iSCSI or Fibre Channel connections to the device, or virtual machines running in Virtualization Station.
• QNAP recommends checking for available updates by going to Control Panel > System > Firmware Update > Firmware Update > Firmware Update Settings and clicking on
Check for Updates before enabling automatic rmware updates.
1. Go to Control Panel > System > Firmware Update > Firmware Update > Firmware Update Settings.
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2. Select one of the following rmware update policies:
QTS 5.2.x User Guide
Update/Notication
Behavior
Automatically install critical updates
Automatically install quality updates
Automatically install the latest updates
Description & Action
• Critical rmware updates are downloaded and installed automatically within one hour of the time selected in Update/ Notication time.
• Notications about upcoming automatic rmware updates are sent 12 hours before the update time.
• Quality rmware updates are downloaded and installed automatically within one hour of the time selected in Update/ Notication time.
• Notications about upcoming automatic rmware updates are sent 12 hours before the update time.
• The latest rmware updates are downloaded and installed automatically within one hour of the time selected in Update/ Notication time.
• Notications about upcoming automatic rmware updates are sent 12 hours before the update time.
Notify me, do
• Firmware updates are not automatically installed.
not automatically update
• Notications about available rmware updates are sent at the time specied in Update/Notication time.
The system displays a notication window on the desktop when a new rmware update is available. You can choose to install, postpone, or skip an update.
Do not notify me,
• Firmware updates are not automatically installed.
do not automat‐ ically update
• Notications about rmware updates are not sent.
3. If notications or updates are enabled, then go to Update/Notication time and specify the time the update is downloaded and installed or notications are sent.
Note
An automatic update starts within one hour from the scheduled time. You can cancel or postpone an automatic update. An update can be postponed up to 23 hours from the scheduled time that you originally specied. If you select the policy Notify me, but do not automatically update rmware, the system will send update notications at the specied time.
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4. Optional: Select Show desktop notications for available rmware updates when an administrator logs in to receive desktop notications for available rmware updates when
an administrator logs in.
5. Optional: Join the QNAP Beta Program.
a. Select Join the Beta Program and notify me when beta rmware updates are
available. The QTS Beta Program conrmation window opens.
b. Select I have read and agree to these terms.
c. Click Yes, sign me up.
Desktop notications of available beta rmware updates will appear when logging in.
6. Go to Notication Rules and create a notication rule for rmware updates. For details, see
Creating an event notication rule.
Tip
To receive notications for all rmware update activities, create notication rules that include all severity levels.
7. Click Apply.
The system saves the rmware update settings.
Updating the rmware manually
Warning
• To prevent data loss, QNAP recommends backing up all data on your device before updating the rmware. For details about data backup, see Backup/Restore.
• Do not power o your device during the rmware update process.
Important
• Make sure you read through the Firmware update requirements before updating the
rmware.
• The update may require several minutes or longer, depending on your hardware conguration and network connection.
1. Download the NAS rmware.
a. Go to http://www.qnap.com/download.
b. Select the number of drive bays on your NAS model.
c. Select your NAS model.
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