M10 series
Universal Device Interface
User Manual
Pyramid Technical Consultants, Inc.
1050 Waltham Street Suite 200, Lexington MA 02421 USA
US: TEL: (781) 402 1700 FAX: (781) 402-1750 EMAIL: SUPPORT@PTCUSA.COM
Europe: TEL: +44 1273 493590
M10 user Manual
1 Contents
1 Contents .............................................................................................................................................................. 2
2 Table of Figures .................................................................................................................................................. 6
3 Safety Information ............................................................................................................................................. 8
4 Models ............................................................................................................................................................... 10
5 Scope of Supply ................................................................................................................................................ 11
6 Optional Items .................................................................................................................................................. 12
6.1 Power supplies .............................................................................................................................................. 12
6.2 Data cables .................................................................................................................................................... 12
6.3 Test connectors .............................................................................................................................................. 12
6.4 Fiber-optic loop............................................................................................................................................. 12
6.5 DIN rail mount .............................................................................................................................................. 12
7 Intended Use and Key Features ...................................................................................................................... 13
7.1 Intended Use .................................................................................................................................................. 13
7.2 Key Features ................................................................................................................................................. 13
8 Specification ...................................................................................................................................................... 14
9 Installation ........................................................................................................................................................ 18
9.1 Mounting ....................................................................................................................................................... 18
9.2 Grounding and power supply ........................................................................................................................ 18
9.3 Connection to equipment ............................................................................................................................... 19
9.3.1 Typical setup ................................................................................................................................... 19
9.3.2 Signal cables ................................................................................................................................... 20
10 Getting Started using the Pyramid Diagnostic Host Programs .................................................................... 22
10.1 Preparing the M10 for operation .................................................................................................................. 22
10.2 Installing and using the PSI Diagnostic Program ......................................................................................... 23
10.2.1 Establishing communication with the M10 ..................................................................................... 23
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10.2.2 Data tab ........................................................................................................................................... 25
10.2.3 Setup tab.......................................................................................................................................... 28
10.2.4 Device tab ....................................................................................................................................... 30
10.3 Installing and using the PTC G2 Diagnostic Program ................................................................................. 31
10.3.1 Establishing communication with the M10 ..................................................................................... 32
11 Interfacing to EPICS via IG2 .......................................................................................................................... 35
11.1 What is EPICS? ............................................................................................................................................. 35
11.2 Installing and Configuring IG2 ..................................................................................................................... 36
12 Circuit overview ............................................................................................................................................... 39
13 Electrical interfacing ........................................................................................................................................ 41
13.1 Analog inputs................................................................................................................................................. 41
13.1.1 Differential signal source ................................................................................................................ 41
13.1.2 Single-ended signal source .............................................................................................................. 42
13.2 Analog outputs............................................................................................................................................... 42
13.2.1 Differential destination ................................................................................................................... 43
13.2.2 Single-ended destination ................................................................................................................. 43
13.2.3 Current output to differential destination ........................................................................................ 43
13.2.4 Current output to single-ended destination ..................................................................................... 44
13.3 Digital inputs ................................................................................................................................................. 44
13.3.1 TTL source ...................................................................................................................................... 45
13.3.2 Relay source .................................................................................................................................... 45
13.3.3 Opto-coupler source ........................................................................................................................ 45
13.4 Digital outputs ............................................................................................................................................... 45
13.4.1 TTL loads ........................................................................................................................................ 46
13.4.2 Relay solenoid load ......................................................................................................................... 46
13.4.3 Opto-coupler photodiode load ......................................................................................................... 47
14 Calibration ........................................................................................................................................................ 48
14.1 M10 Calibration Factors............................................................................................................................... 48
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14.2 Application Calibration Factors ................................................................................................................... 48
15 Connectors ........................................................................................................................................................ 50
15.1 Front panel connectors ................................................................................................................................. 50
15.1.1 Analog and digital I/O ..................................................................................................................... 50
15.2 Rear panel connectors ................................................................................................................................... 51
15.2.1 Power input ..................................................................................................................................... 51
15.2.2 Fiber-optic communications............................................................................................................ 51
16 Controls and Indicators ................................................................................................................................... 52
16.1 Front panel controls ...................................................................................................................................... 52
16.2 Rear panel controls ....................................................................................................................................... 52
16.2.1 Address switch ................................................................................................................................ 52
16.3 Front panel indicators ................................................................................................................................... 52
16.4 Rear panel indicators .................................................................................................................................... 52
16.4.1 Power .............................................................................................................................................. 52
16.4.2 Activity ........................................................................................................................................... 52
16.4.3 Network .......................................................................................................................................... 52
16.4.4 Device ............................................................................................................................................. 52
16.5 Internal settings ............................................................................................................................................. 52
16.5.1 SW2 settings ................................................................................................................................... 53
16.5.2 JPR1 settings ................................................................................................................................... 54
17 Software updates .............................................................................................................................................. 55
17.1 FPGA firmware updates ................................................................................................................................ 55
18 Controlling Analog Output Ramp Rate ......................................................................................................... 58
19 Pulse output feature ......................................................................................................................................... 60
20 Versions and Compatibility ............................................................................................................................. 62
21 Fault-finding ..................................................................................................................................................... 64
22 Maintenance ..................................................................................................................................................... 67
23 Returns procedure ........................................................................................................................................... 68
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24 Support .............................................................................................................................................................. 69
25 Disposal ............................................................................................................................................................. 70
26 Declaration of Conformity ............................................................................................................................... 71
27 Revision History ............................................................................................................................................... 72
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2 Table of Figures
Figure 1. M10 chassis end panels. Dimensions mm. ................................................................................................ 16
Figure 2. M10 case plan and side views. Dimensions mm. ....................................................................................... 17
Figure 3. DIN rail mounting. ...................................................................................................................................... 18
Figure 4. M10 24V power input. ................................................................................................................................ 19
Figure 5. Schematic M10 installation for remote control of a power supply .............................................................. 20
Figure 6. Example of a connection to the M10 via an A500 and Ethernet. ................................................................ 23
Figure 7. PSI Diagnostic Search Utility – adding a target IP address and port........................................................... 24
Figure 8. PSI Diagnostic Search Utility – detection in progress................................................................................. 24
Figure 9. Data tab: Strip chart display. ....................................................................................................................... 25
Figure 10. Data tab: bargraph display. ........................................................................................................................ 26
Figure 11. Setup tab. ................................................................................................................................................... 29
Figure 12. Device tab, showing firmware update utility controls. .............................................................................. 30
Figure 13. PTC Diagnostic G2 discovery dialog after Discover Controllers. ............................................................. 32
Figure 14. System pane showing an M10 connected via an A560 controller ............................................................. 33
Figure 15. M10 data display in PTC Diagnostic G2 ................................................................................................... 34
Figure 16. Example network for EPICS communications. ......................................................................................... 35
Figure 17. Example user screen created using CS Studio BOY. ................................................................................ 36
Figure 18. Example xml system configuration file for IG2 / EPICS. ......................................................................... 38
Figure 19. M10 block schematic................................................................................................................................. 39
Figure 20. Analog input circuit. .................................................................................................................................. 41
Figure 21. M10 connection to a differential analog voltage source. ........................................................................... 41
Figure 22. M10 connection to a single-ended analog voltage source. ........................................................................ 42
Figure 23. Analog output circuit. ................................................................................................................................ 42
Figure 24. M10 connection to a differential analog voltage destination. .................................................................... 43
Figure 25. M10 connection to a single-ended analog voltage destination. ................................................................. 43
Figure 26. M10C current output to a differential analog voltage destination with terminating resistor. .................... 43
Figure 27. Analog current output showing external interlock chain. .......................................................................... 44
Figure 28. M10C current output to a single-ended analog voltage destination with terminating resistor. ................. 44
Figure 29. M10 digital inputs. .................................................................................................................................... 44
Figure 30. M10 digital input from a TTL source. ....................................................................................................... 45
Figure 31. M10 digital input from a volts-free relay contact pair. .............................................................................. 45
Figure 32. M10 digital input from an opto-coupler phototransistor. .......................................................................... 45
Figure 33. Digital output circuit. ................................................................................................................................ 46
Figure 34. M10 digital output to TTL loads, with fanout. .......................................................................................... 46
Figure 35. M10 digital output to relay solenoid. ........................................................................................................ 46
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Figure 36. M10 digital output optocoupler photodiode. ............................................................................................. 47
Figure 37. Using application scaling. ......................................................................................................................... 49
Figure 38. Location of internal switches and jumpers. Sw2 is not present in the rev 4 M10 (M10 and M10D). ...... 53
Figure 39. Selecting the fhex file to load. ................................................................................................................... 55
Figure 40. Restart prompt after FPGA update. ........................................................................................................... 56
Figure 41. Selecting the hex file to load. .................................................................................................................... 57
Figure 42. Firmware upload in progress ..................................................................................................................... 57
Figure 43. Ramp rate limit controls in the PSI Diagnostic ......................................................................................... 58
Figure 44. M10 analog output step without ramp rate limiting .................................................................................. 58
Figure 45. M10 analog output step with ramp rate limiting at 50000 V s-1 (left) and 5000 V s
Figure 46. Use of the M10P to generate a pulse train for a pulser LED to test a pulse counting system. .................. 60
Figure 47. Example PSI diagnostic setup for pulse output. ........................................................................................ 61
Figure 48. Schematic illustration of the resulting pulse output. ................................................................................. 61
-1
(right) .................... 59
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3 Safety Information
This unit is designed for compliance with harmonized electrical safety standard EN610101:2000. It must be used in accordance with its specifications and operating instructions.
Operators of the unit are expected to be qualified personnel who are aware of electrical safety
issues. The customer’s Responsible Body, as defined in the standard, must ensure that operators
are provided with the appropriate equipment and training.
The unit is designed to make measurements in Measurement Category I as defined in the
standard.
Although the M10 does not generate dangerous voltages, nor is it designed to measure directly
such voltages, in your application it may be controlling power supplies that do. Appropriate
precautions must be taken.
The unit must not be operated unless correctly assembled in its case. Only Service Personnel, as
defined in EN61010-1, should attempt to work on the disassembled unit, and then only under
specific instruction from Pyramid Technical Consultants, Inc. or their authorized distributors.
The unit is designed to operate from +24VDC power, with a maximum current requirement of
250mA. A suitably rated power supply module is available as an option.
The unit must be grounded by secure connection to a grounded conducting surface. If the unit is
mounted on an insulating surface, then one of the four mounting screws must be re-assigned as a
grounding connection.
Some of the following symbols may be displayed on the unit, and have the indicated meanings.
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Direct current
Earth (ground) terminal
Protective conductor terminal
Frame or chassis terminal
Equipotentiality
Supply ON
Supply OFF
CAUTION – RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK
CAUTION – RISK OF DANGER – REFER TO MANUAL
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4 Models
M10 Universal device interface with two analog outputs, two analog
inputs, four TTL outputs, four TTL inputs.
M10-CMR Universal device interface with two analog outputs, two analog
inputs, four TTL outputs, four TTL inputs. Enhanced common mode
rejection ratio on analog inputs.
M10P Universal device interface with two analog outputs, two analog
inputs, four TTL outputs, four TTL inputs. Digital pulse train output
facility.
M10C Universal device interface with one 0-20 mA output, one analog
output, two analog inputs, four TTL outputs, four TTL inputs. Digital
pulse train output facility.
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5 Scope of Supply
M10 model as specified in your order.
USB memory stick containing:
Data sheet
User manual
PSI diagnostic software files
PTC DiagnosticG2 software files
IG2 interface software for EPICS
Power supply
Optional items as specified in your order.
OEM customers may not receive all the items listed.
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6 Optional Items
6.1 Power supplies
PSU24-40-1. +24 VDC 1.66 A PSU (100-250 VAC, 50-60 Hz, IEC C14 3-pin plug receptacle)
with output lead terminated in 2.1mm threaded jack.
6.2 Data cables
CAB-ST-HCS-10-ST Fiber-optic cable, 200 µm silica, ST terminated, 10’.
Other lengths available.
6.3 Test connectors
Loopback test connector for the M10.
6.4 Fiber-optic loop
A360 fiber-optic loop controller / Ethernet adaptor.
A500 intelligent real-time controller with Ethernet interface.
A560 intelligent real-time controller with Ethernet interface.
6.5 DIN rail mount
MTG-DIN35-11462. Mounting adaptor for 35mm standard DIN rail. M10 can be mounted
along or across the rail.
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7 Intended Use and Key Features
7.1 Intended Use
The M10 is intended for general control and monitoring applications using analog voltages in the
+/-10 V range, 0 to 20 mA currents (M10C only) and TTL level digital inputs and outputs. A
typical application would be the remote control and monitoring of a power supply. The analog
outputs would set voltage and current commands or compliance limits, the analog inputs would
monitor actual voltage and current. The digital outputs can be assigned to functions such as
enable, reset and so on, and the digital inputs can monitor status bits.
The M10 has design features which make it tolerant of electrically noisy environments, but the
place of use is otherwise assumed to be clean and sheltered, for example a laboratory or light
industrial environment. The unit may be used stand-alone, or networked with other devices and
integrated into a larger system. Users are assumed to be experienced in the general use of
precision electronic circuits for sensitive measurements, and to be aware of the dangers that can
arise in high-voltage circuits.
7.2 Key Features
Analog inputs configurable for 5 V or 10 V range, unipolar or bipolar.
Fast digital inputs and outputs.
On-board digital averaging of analog inputs.
Very low transition transients on analog outputs between DAC levels, compatible with control of
wideband devices.
Built-in configurable slew-rate limiting (M10, M10-CMR).
Inputs and outputs can be set and read at over 10 kHz, if communications rates to the host system
allow, permitting waveform output with synchronized data collection.
Can be operated in a fiber-optic serial communication loop with up to fifteen other devices.
100BaseT Ethernet interfacing to a host computer available through the A360, A500 and A560
loop controllers.
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-
1
-
1
8 Specification
Analog outputs
Number and type M10, M10-CMR, M10-P: Two, bipolar +/-10 V outputs.
M10C: One 0-20 mA current output, one bipolar +/-10 V
output.
Compliance M10, M10-CMR, M10-P: +/-5 mA for both +/- 10V outputs
M10C: +/-10 V for 0-20 mA output, +/-5 mA for +/- 10V
output.
Settling time < 8 µs to within 10 mV for any step
Output slew rate > 0.5 V usec
(unless software limit is applied)
Noise < 0.5 mV rms measured by loopback to analog inputs, with line
frequency averaging.
Typical rms noise measured with external DVM < 50 µV.
Crosstalk < 1 mV for 10V output on other channel
Thermal stability < 200 µV C
Resolution 16 bit over full range.
Linearity 0.1 % of full scale maximum deviation of any point from linear
fit to all points over full span.
Analog inputs
Number and type Two, differential bipolar, input range software selectable from
0 to +5 V, +/-5 V, 0 to +10 V, +/-10 V
Configuration Differential, high impedance
Common mode rejection > 20 dB (50 dB high CMRR version available as option -CMR)
Input protection 10 kohm series input on + and - inputs.
Noise < 0.5 mV rms with line frequency averaging.
Typical measured rms noise with shorted inputs:
< 100 µV at 1e-4 s averaging
< 20 µV at 1e-2 s averaging
< 6 µV at 1 s averaging
Crosstalk < 1 mV with 10 VDC on other input
< 30 mV with 10 VAC 1 MHz on other input
Digitization 16 bit over full range
Sample rate 50 kSa/s on each input
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Linearity 0.1 % maximum deviation of any point from linear fit to all
points over full span.
Digital outputs
Number and type Four, TTL levels
Current compliance 3 mA (source or sink)
Series resistance 100 ohm built-in
Digital inputs
Number and type Four, TTL levels
Configuration Active low with internal 50 kohm pull up to +5V
Logic sense Software configurable allocation of logic states to TTL levels
Pulse train feature (M10-P only)
Minimum pulse length 12.5 nsec
Pulse train frequency 2.3 kHz to 40 MHz
Number of puilses 1 to 65535
Controls and displays
Controls 16 position rotary switch for loop address selection
Displays Four LEDs (power, activity, network, device).
Interfacing
Communications Fiber optic (10 Mbit/sec)
Power
Power input +24 VDC (+12 V, -4 V), 150 mA typical, 200 mA maximum,
excluding any direct user load.
Physical
Case Stainless steel.
Case protection rating The case is designed to rating IP43 (protected against solid
objects greater than 1 mm in size, protected against spraying
water).
Weight 0.24 kg (0.55 lb).
Operating environment 0 to 35 C (15 to 25 C recommended to reduce drift and offset)
< 80% humidity, non-condensing
vibration < 0.2 g all axes (1 to 1000Hz)
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Shipping and storage
environment
-10 to 50C
< 80% humidity, non-condensing
vibration < 2 g all axes, 1 to 1000 Hz
Dimensions (see figures 1 and 2, all versions identical).
ADDRESS
SELECTOR
STATUS LEDs
FIBER-OPTIC RX
FIBER-OPTIC TX
+24VDC
POWER IN
Power
Activity
Network
Device
Power
Transmit Receive
+24V
Address
25-PIN D-SUB F
I/O
77.5
79.9
Figure 1. M10 chassis end panels. Dimensions mm.
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28.1
3.8
62.0
114.0
4x 3.66 mm
MTG HOLE
103.7
0.60
121.6
Figure 2. M10 case plan and side views. Dimensions mm.
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9 Installation
9.1 Mounting
The M10 may be mounted in any orientation, or may be simply placed on a level surface. A
fixed mounting to a secure frame is recommended in a permanent installation for best low
current performance, as this can be degraded by movement and vibration. Four M3 clear holes
are provided in the base flange on a 62 mm by 114 mm rectangular pattern (see figure 2). An
adaptor for 35 mm EN 50022 DIN rail is available.
Figure 3. DIN rail mounting.
The mounting position should allow sufficient access to connectors and cable bend radii. Leave
60mm clearance at either end for mating connectors and cable radii.
Best performance will be achieved if the M10 is in a temperature-controlled environment. No
forced-air cooling is required, but free convection should be allowed around the case.
9.2 Grounding and power supply
A secure connection should be made via the mounting flange to local ground potential. If the
unit is mounted on an insulating surface, then one of the four mounting screws must be reassigned as a grounding connection.
+24 VDC power should be provided from a suitably-rated power supply with the following
minimum performance:
Output voltage +24 +/- 0.5 VDC
Output current 300 mA minimum, 2000 mA maximum
Ripple and noise < 100 mV pk-pk, 1 Hz to 1 MHz
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Line regulation < 240 mV
The M10 is tolerant of line voltage in the range 18 VDC to 36 VDC, although we recommend
using a 24 V supply with reasonable output regulation, as indicated. The M10 includes an
internal automatically re-setting PTC fuse rated at 1.1 A. However the external supply should in
no circumstances be rated higher than the M10 connector limit of 5 A, and a maximum of 2.0 A
is recommended.
The 24V power passes through the fuse, and is then made available on the pins 14, 1 of the 25way D signal connector, where you can use it to power other equipment, subject to the power
supply and fuse limits (figure 4). These signal connector pins may alternatively be used to
provide 24V power to the M10 instead of the 2.1 mm power jack. Note that the input fuse is
bypassed in this case, so you should make suitable arrangements to limit the amount of current
that can be supplied.
Signal
connector
14
1
1.1 A
Power jack
+24 V
0 V (PS Gnd)
To M10 power circuits
Figure 4. M10 24V power input.
The M10 also provides +5 VDC on pin 21 of the signal connector, returned to digital ground on
pins 9 or 13. This can be used to power devices with a +5V requirement, to a maximum of 500
mA.
9.3 Connection to equipment
9.3.1 Typical setup
Figure 5 shows a typical installation to control a power supply in schematic form. An M10
provides a current program and voltage compliance limit, and reads back actual current and
voltage from the power supply monitor output. Digital outputs are used to enable the supply, and
reset its fault condition. Digital inputs are used to monitor its enabled and fault states. The M10
is on a fiber-optic communication loop, under control of one of the Pyramid Technical
Consultants, Inc. loop controllers (A360, A500, A560). Software on the host computer exposes
the I/O provided by the M10, and thus allows remote control of the power supply. You can set
application unit scaling in the M10 PSI Diagnostic calibration so that you set and read back the
values in appropriate physical units.
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A##0
Programmable
power supply
Load
I_prog
V_prog
I_mon
V_mon
Dig_ctrl
Dig_mon
Other
devices
M10
Fiber-optic comms
+24V in
Other
devices
Figure 5. Schematic M10 installation for remote control of a power supply
Typical M10 applications involve its use as part of a large control system integrated under one or
more A500 or A560 controllers. The M10 may be the only device on the loop, or one of up to
fifteen devices. As the number of devices is increased, the loop bandwidth has to be shared, so
for fast control you would generally keep the number of devices on each loop to the minimum.
The M10 has very low glitch energy when its analog outputs change from one DAC setting to
another, so it is well-suited to the control of fast power supplies such as those for electrostatic or
magnetic beam scanners. An arbitrary output waveform table can be sent out at more than 5 kHz
(200 µsec per value) when under control of an A500 or A560 real-time loop controller.
9.3.2 Signal cables
Try to locate the M10 as close to the equipment being controlled as possible. The best
arrangement is to mount it directly on the equipment or in the same cabinet. The longest
transmission distance is thus handled by the fiber-optic lines, which are completely immune to
electrical noise. If long signal cables from the M10 to the device being controlled are
unavoidable, then you should observe the following precautions.
Long signal cables increase the chances of picking up unwanted signals and noise on the analog
voltage lines. A maximum length of 10 m is advised, and you should use good quality shielded
cable, with twisted pair cores for the analog inputs (analog in + and -) and outputs (analog out
and AGND). Connect the cable screens to the M10 case, using the shell of the D connector, and
leave them unconnected at the other end. In some cases, you may get better noise performance
by reversing this screen connection arrangement.
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The 0-20 mA output of the M10C version has better ability to be delivered over long cables
without degradation, and you may use cable lengths up to 100 m.
If you are working with fast digital output pulses from the M10P, you should also be careful with
long cable runs. To avoid pulse distortion, use matched impedance (typically 100 to 150 ohm)
screened twisted pair cores (digital output and DGND) for each fast digital signal, and terminate
the line with 100 or 150 ohms at the receiving end.
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10 Getting Started using the Pyramid Diagnostic Host
Programs
Usually you will use a custom application to communicate with the M10, either one you write
yourself using the software interfaces available from Pyramid Technical Consultants, Inc., or one
that is supplied by Pyramid. However you can get started immediately using one of the
Diagnostic host programs. These are available for free download from www.ptcusa.com, and are
provided with the M10 for end-user customers. There are two generations of the Diagnostic
software, and the M10 is compatible with both.
PTC Diagnostic G1, also known as PSI Diagnostic. This software supports all Pyramid
products, apart from G2 devices. It allows you to connect the M10 via an A500 controller.
Ethernet communications use UDP with an added reliability layer.
PTC Diagnostic G2. This software supports all G2 devices such as the A360, A560, I128,
F460, and C400, plus a growing selection of other Pyramid devices, including the M10. It
allows you to connect the M10 via any G2 loop controller, any other G2 device with a fiber optic
port, plus the A500. Ethernet communications use TCP/IP and UDP.
Both Diagnostics are standalone Windows programs which allow you to set outputs and read,
graph and log data from the M10. Their user interfaces are similar. For some applications one
of the Diagnostic programs may be adequate for all of your data acquisition needs. In any event
it is useful to understand what you can do with the Diagnostic programs, because they expose all
of the functions of the devices they connect to. Application programmers will find this useful to
help decide which functions to implement in their own host software.
It is useful to understand what you can do with the Diagnostic programs, because they expose all
of the functions of the M10. Application programmers will find it useful to help decide which
functions to implement in their host software.
10.1 Preparing the M10 for operation
Inspect the unit carefully to ensure there is no evidence of shipping damage. If there appears to
be damage, or you are in doubt, contact your supplier before proceeding.
Connect 24 V DC power but no other connections. The LEDs will go through a startup sequence
when the power is applied. All four LEDs light, then the power LED stays lit while the other
three indicators light in sequence. When the M10 has started correctly, and prior to connecting
to a controller, the power LED will remain lit and the device LED will flash, showing that the
device has automatically started measuring data.
It is simplest to start with to connect the M10 directly to a loop controller as the only device on
the loop. The address switch can be set to anything between 1 and 15. Figure 6 shows a
connection to an A500.
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M10
Ethernet
A500
Fiber-optic
comms
+24V in
Figure 6. Example of a connection to the M10 via an A500 and Ethernet.
10.2 Installing and using the PSI Diagnostic Program
If you are an end-user, your M10 was shipped with a USB memory stick with the installation
files you need. We recommend that you copy the files into a directory on your host PC. Check
the Pyramid Technical Consultants, Inc. web site at www.ptcusa.com for the latest version.
The program runs under the Microsoft Windows operating system with the 4.0 .NET framework.
This has to be installed before the PSI Diagnostic. Most new PCs have .NET already installed.
It can be downloaded from the Microsoft web site at no charge. The Pyramid installer will
prompt you if you need to update the version on your computer.
Install the PSI Diagnostic by running the PTCDiagnosticSetup.msi installer, and following the
screen prompts. Once the program has installed, you can run it at once. It will allow you to
connect to the M10, and, depending upon your setup, multiple additional devices at the same
time. The Diagnostic uses the concepts of ports and loops to organize the connected devices. A
port is a communications channel from your PC, such as a COM port, a USB port or Ethernet
port. Each port can be a channel to one or more loops, and each loop may contain up to 15
devices.
10.2.1 Establishing communication with the M10
Start the PSI Diagnostic. It will search the available ports on your computer and present a search
list in an autodetect utility window. Figure 7 shows a case where the program found two serial
ports and a network adaptor. We’ll work through an example where the connection to the M10
is via an A500 at IP address 192.168.100.238. We can add this specific address to the network
search to avoid the need to broadcast to the whole LAN by typing the address followed by a
colon and the standard port number 100, as shown in the figure, and clicking “Add IP”.
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Figure 7. PSI Diagnostic Search Utility – adding a target IP address and port
Check that the target port is checked for inclusion in the search and click the “Start” button. The
autodetection process will start (figure 7).
Figure 8. PSI Diagnostic Search Utility – detection in progress
After a few seconds the program should find the M10 (plus any other devices you have
connected). The System pane will show a tree of all the discovered devices. On the M10 itself
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you should see the network LED illuminate regularly to show that loop messages are being
processed.
10.2.2 Data tab
Clicking on the M10 entry in the explorer list will open the M10 window (figure 9). The device
will be acquiring data using default settings and you should see background noise values for both
channels. The Device LED on the M10 will flash to show acquisition is in progress (it will turn
off if you abort the acquisition). You can display the signals either as a scrolling value against
time graph (like a chart recorder) or as an analog bargraph. Toggle to one of the fixed Y scales if
you want to inhibit autoscaling of the graph.
Figure 9. Data tab: Strip chart display.
Select one of the fixed Y scales if you want to inhibit autoscaling of the graph. You can display
the analog signals either as a scrolling value against time graph (like a chart recorder) or as an
analog bargraph. The scope display mode looks the same as the strip chart, but the data is
displayed without scrolling for each 256 readings.
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Figure 10. Data tab: bargraph display.
Try out the various screen controls and readouts to see their effect.
Initiate / Abort These buttons start and stop data acquisition. LEDs indicate whether the
M10 is measuring, triggered or streaming data to the controller in fast
mode. On the M10, you will see the Device LED flashing when
readings are being taken, and off when data taking is aborted.
Analog inputs
(ADCs)
The two analog inputs are continuously updated (green text on black
background) while the M10 is acquiring data. The displayed values are
Input_voltage * Gain - Offset. The offset and gain values are set on the
Setup tab (see next section). The colour codes show which are the
corresponding traces on the graphic display, and you can suppress
plotting of any channel by unchecking it. This does not affect the data
logging – all channels are always logged.
Analog outputs
(DACs)
You can set the two analog outputs (black text on white background).
The new value will be sent out as soon as you press the enter key, or
click in another parameter field. The values that are sent out in volts are
(Raw_value – Offset)*Gain, up to the +/- 10V limit. The offset and gain
values are set on the Setup tab (see next section).
If you have selected the check box to use the application calibration on
the Setup tab, and supplied physical units, then these will be displayed
on the Data tab alongside the relevant channel.
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itself. The PSI Diagnostic filter is a simpl
e IIR type, Y
plot_N
= Y
new
/A +
Digitals Four check boxes allow you to set the corresponding digital outputs
high. Four LEDs show the states of the digital inputs. By default the
LED is illuminated if the input is TTL high, but this logic can be
inverted using controls on the Setup tab.
Triggers This counter shows the number of readings made by the M10 since the
last initiate. The number of readings you can log on the host computer
may be less, depending on the number of readings you request, the
averaging period and the available data rate up to the loop controller and
the host computer.
Temperature This is a readback of the internal temperature of the M10 in degrees
centigrade.
Buffer
Y:
Display only
positive values
The PSI Diagnostic collects data coming from the M10 into a buffer,
with a rate that is the lesser of the actual acquisition rate or the X axis
rate setting. The buffer contents can be cleared with the Clr button (
), or can be written to a .csv file with the save button ( ). The buffer
number shows how much data is currently in the buffer. The maximum
allowed is 65535 bytes, after which the buffer wraps around to overwrite
the earliest values.
You can toggle data plotting and accumulation into the buffer with the
Run Plot control ( / ). When the accumulation is halted, then
the slider is enabled, which allows you to scroll back through the data
when in strip chart mode.
This drop-down controls the vertical scaling of the data plot. You can
select automatic scaling or various fixed proportions of the nominal 10 V
full scale.
This control is enabled for fixed vertical scaling. It toggles the graphic
from a display that is symmetric around 0 to one that shows only 10% of
the vertical scale in the negative direction.
X:
This drop down controls how fast new points are added to the data plot
and the data log. For example, if your acquisition settings generate a
value every 100 msec but you have 1 second selected on this control,
then every tenth reading will be stored.
Filtering The PSI Diagnostic can apply a filter to the plotted data to allow you to
pick small signals out of noise. This filter is independent of, and
additional to, the block averaging filtering implemented by the M10
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DC/AC
/
Zero correction
/
Differential
display
Graphic mode
(1-1/A)Y
plot_N-1,
value to be plotted, Y
where Y
plot_N-1
is the latest reading, Y
new
is the current
plot_N
is the prior plotted value and A is the
averaging value from the pull-down menu. You clear and restart the
filter at any time by pressing the reset button .
The filtering affects the graphed data and digital displays. If you choose
to save the buffered data, you will have the opportunity to save the raw
values or the filtered values.
The DC/AC toggle removes the DC component from the strip chart or
scope mode graphic data, but does not affect the digital display nor the
logged data.
When you press zero, the current values are captured and subtracted
from all subsequent readings as displayed on all the graphic and digital
displays, until you press the clear zeroes button . If you choose to
save the buffered data, you will have the opportunity to save the raw
values or the zero offset corrected values.
When this control is pressed, the graphic changes to display the
difference between successive readings. The buffered data is not
affected.
You can plot the data as a rolling strip chart or a bar chart (histogram).
The scope mode is a variant of the strip chart. Instead of a rolling chart,
the graphic is refreshed as a whole for each 256 samples. In histogram
mode you can place a cursor on a particular channel to read out its value.
Clear buffered data. Values are cleared from the PSI Diagnostic data
buffer, but any acquisition in progress continues and timestamps are not
reset.
Save data buffer contents to csv file. When you click this button you
will see a drop down selection which allows you to save
either the raw data, or the values with the PSI Diagnostic zero offset and
averaging
10.2.3 Setup tab
Click on the “Setup” tab. Here you can alter scaling, polarities, input filtering and calibration
values and setup pulse train conditions for the digital outputs.
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Figure 11. Setup tab.
Analog input range The span of the analog inputs can be individually selected from the four
options (0 to +5, 0 to +10, +/-5, +/-10). The range of the selection is
mapped onto the ADC range; thus for example if your signal will not fall
outside the range 0 to +5 V, you can select this range and thus reduce the
size of one bit by a factor of four compared to the +/- 10 V range.
Digital input
polarity
Check the boxes to change the digital input logic to active high from the
default active low.
Averaging period The two analog inputs are converted in the M10 at 50 kSa/s. A digital
filter then averages the samples over the selected period to give the final
values that are transmitted back to the host system. The M10 starts up
with the integration period set to the inverse of the mains frequency, as
set on the Device tab.
Calibrate Factors can be entered here to compensate any small errors in the offsets
and gains of the analog inputs and outputs. These are factory set, and
should not need further alteration. See section 12 for more details.
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10.2.4 Device tab
Click on the “Device” tab. You can check the communication link status, read the M10
manufacturing serial number and verify the versions of the hardware and firmware. On the right
is the firmware update utility. You can use this to download firmware updates (.hex files)
downloaded from the Pyramid Technical Consultants, Inc. web site.
Figure 12. Device tab, showing firmware update utility controls.
Communication The counters show details of the communications between the M10 and
its host. You can click the Reset Counters button to reset the fields to
zero.
System controls Pressing :SAFEstate sets a mode in which the M10 goes to a defined safe
state (all outputs zeroed) if it does not communicate with its host
controller in the timeout period in seconds set by the :COMM:TIMEout
parameter. If communications are restored, then the M10 will re-assert
its prior output state. If you want to disable this feature, set the timeout
to 0.
Pressing :AUTOrecover sets a state in which the M10 will attempt to
restart automatically if it detects data corruption.
The COMM:Term and COMM:Checksum controls are not used on the
M10. You can ignore them when using the PSI Diagnostic
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The system controls are software password protected, so you will see a
red warning message at the bottom of the window when you use them.
The PSI Diagnostic automatically sends the password.
Frequency This parameter sets the averaging period that will be used by default on
power up. You should set it to the local line frequency.
SerialNumber This is the manufacturing serial number of your device, and should be
left unchanged.
Comm:Timeout The time period in seconds without communications before the M10
goes to the safe state. Set to zero if you don’t want this feature.
Select .hex file This button starts the M10 PIC firmware update process. It opens a file
selection dialog. When you select a hex file it will start uploading to the
M10 immediately. Upon completion the M10 will restart automatically,
and you will see the new Device Version number displayed. See section
16 for more details.
Select .fhex file This button starts the M10 FPGA firmware update process. It opens a
file selection dialog. When you select a fhex file it will start uploading
to the M10 immediately. Upon completion you will need to power cycle
the M10, which will cause the new code to be loaded. You will see the
new FPGA Version number displayed. See section 16 for more details.
Reset This button causes a full warm reset of the M10. All outputs will go to
zero during the reset, then will be set back to their prior settings by the
PSI Diagnostic.
10.3 Installing and using the PTC G2 Diagnostic Program
The PTC Diagnostic G2 host software provides the same user functions as the PSI Diagnostic,
and has a similar look and feel, but it is built on a different software foundation. Unlike the PSI
Diagnostic, the PTC Diagnostic G2 uses the same DLL function libraries that Pyramid uses to
build user applications. These libraries can be provided to customers who want to build their
own applications. The G2 Diagnostic can often provide faster average data rates to the host by
its use of block data transfers. If you need a Diagnostic to operate the M10 in conjunction with
G2 devices such as the A560, I128, and C400, then you must use the PTC Diagnostic G2.
PTC Diagnostic G2 can coexist with the PSI Diagnostic on the same computer. Both programs
can in fact communicate with an A500 or A560 the M10 at the same time (the PSI Diagnostic
must be launched first), although this is not generally recommended, as the results could be very
confusing.
Since the two programs are similar, we shall concentrate on the differences.
Download the PTC Diagnostic G2 installer (.msi file) or find the copy on the USB memory stick
if you purchased the M10 as an end-user. We recommend that you copy the installer file into a
directory on your host PC. Check the Pyramid Technical Consultants, Inc. web site at
www.ptcusa.com for the latest version.
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The program runs under the Microsoft Windows operating system with the 4.0 .NET framework.
This has to be installed before the PSI Diagnostic. Most new PCs have .NET already installed,
or it can be downloaded from the Microsoft web site at no charge. The Pyramid installer will
prompt you if you need to update the version on your computer.
10.3.1 Establishing communication with the M10
Start the PTC Diagnostic G2. The program expects all connections to devices like the M10 be
via Ethernet ports, whether through dedicated loop controllers like the A500, A560 and A360, or
via other Ethernet-enabled devices that support slave devices, such as the I128. Unlike the PSI
Diagnostic, you do not need to specify the IP address. When you launch the program, it will
open the Discover Devices dialog. Pressing the Discover Controllers button will give you a list
of available controllers. The search will include all devices visible on your accessible subnet,
including any on the far end of a VPN link. In the following example the search has found
various controller controllers. If your target controller is not discovered, then you can force it to
be probed by adding its IP address specifically. Unlike the PSI Diagnostic, you do not need to
include a port number. The A60 Recovery entry is a diagnostic utility used for some G2 devices,
which you can ignore.
Figure 13. PTC Diagnostic G2 discovery dialog after Discover Controllers.
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Highlight the target device, which is an A560 at 192.168.100.29 in this example, to enable the
Connect & Discover Subdevices button. Clicking this should result in the controller appearing in
the System area on the left, with its connected sub-devices shown.
Figure 14. System pane showing an M10 connected via an A560 controller
Clicking on the M10 entry opens a window for it, with the same basic strip chart and histogram
graphing options, and digital displays as used in the PSI Diagnostic.
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Figure 15. M10 data display in PTC Diagnostic G2
Checking the Auto Initiate button causes the program to automatically start data taking after you
make any change to the M10 parameters.
The Setup and Calibration buttons access areas that provide the same functions as the PSI
Diagnostic Setup tab. PTC Diagnostic G2 does not support application calibration in its current
version.
The firmware update utility is accessed on the Properties area.
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11 Interfacing to EPICS via IG2
11.1 What is EPICS?
The Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS, http://www.aps.anl.gov/epics/)
is:
“A set of Open Source software tools, libraries and applications developed collaboratively and
used worldwide to create distributed soft real-time control systems for scientific instruments such
as particle accelerators, telescopes and other large scientific experiments. EPICS uses
Client/Server and Publish/Subscribe techniques to communicate between the various computers.
Most servers (called Input/Output Controllers or IOCs) perform real-world I/O and local control
tasks, and publish this information to clients using the Channel Access (CA) network protocol.
CA is specially designed for the kind of high bandwidth, soft real-time networking applications
that EPICS is used for, and is one reason why it can be used to build a control system comprising
hundreds of computers.”
Pyramid supplies an executable called IG2 which embeds an open source Channel Access Server
from the EPICS community. This allows connection via the Ethernet interface. IG2 is
configured for the devices you wish to connect using editable xml files. Once IG2 is running on
a computer in your network, then any other computer can run a client program which can display
and control the process variables for the devices. In the simple network in figure 16, the process
variables of an M10 attached to an A360 via fiber optics, are exposed to the network by the IG2
service running on a server computer. One or more client GUI computers can then access the
values.
Figure 16. Example network for EPICS communications.
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There is a wide range of client interfaces from the EPICS community, including interfaces for
C++, C#, Java, Python, Labview ™, and Matlab ™. The Control System Studio, or CS Studio,
(http://controlsystemstudio.github.io/) is a set of ready-made tools built on Java and Eclipse
(http://www.eclipse.org/ ) that allows users to get started with little or no programming required.
There are various logging, plotting, post-processing and alarm point tools. A fully-featured
“drag and drop” user interface editor (BOY) allows quite complex customized user interfaces to
be created with minimum development time. As an example, the following screenshot shows a
simple user interface created in the CS Studio BOY OPI editor. The M10 was assumed to be
controlling a high voltage power supply.
Figure 17. Example user screen created using CS Studio BOY.
11.2 Installing and Configuring IG2
The IG2 package is available to users of Pyramid products. It is supplied as a zip file which
should be de-compressed and the entire folder moved to the computer that will act as the server.
The server and the user interface computer can be the same machine. The loop controller, the
server and the user interface computer should be able to communicate with each other over your
network.
In the folders you have saved, there is an xml files in the \service subdirectory that need to be
edited to customize your particular setup. IG2 looks for the file “system.xml” in the \service
subdirectory to establish the configuration of the system. You can locate system.xml elsewhere
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than the default location, or give it a different name, in which case you need to specify the path
and file name by means of an argument in the command line that launches IG2.
The system file comprises a header section on the xml schema, which does not need to change.
Then comes a description of the user interface host computer, descriptions of the fiber optic loop
controller devices in your system and descriptions of the devices attached to loops. You don’t
have to describe every device and every input/output point that is present in your system, but
only the ones that you expose in the system file will be visible to EPICS.
The simplified example in figure 18 illustrates the xml schema. The analog inputs and outputs
are scaled to suit the application. The A360 is supporting the M10 as the only looped device.
The convention of “wires” for Pyramid device process variables, and the fixed names of those
wires for each supported product, are described in the document “ig2_scripting_v#.#.pdf”, where
#.# is the document revision number, included with each release. The document also describes
how you can scale the values, for example to convert voltages from general purpose I/O devices
to physical units relevant to the item they are controlling, and how you can set up monitoring
against tolerance bands.
The choice of a corresponding working name for each wire is up to the user; it is sensible to
choose something descriptive that is relevant to what you are measuring or controlling. We
nevertheless recommend a naming convention that makes it clear whether a value is a readback
or control (the prefixes c_ and r_ are used in the example), which particular device the value is
associated with, and a number or letter to indicate the channel for multichannel devices.
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Figure 18. Example xml system configuration file for IG2 / EPICS.
Once you have created and saved your system file, you can run the IG2 service executable. If
the server has a display, you will see a console window that shows the connection process and
then records subsequent control value changes sent to the M10. The names you declared will
now be recognized as process variables by any EPICS-compatible client program.
CAUTION
Don’t try to control the M10 simultaneously from an EPICS client and from a Diagnostic. The
results will be confusing. In particular, if you attempt to run the IG2 service and PTC
DiagnosticG2 on the same computer, the communications will conflict.
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12 Circuit overview
+5 V
Digital
inputs
Digital
outputs
Analog
inputs
Analog
outputs
DGnd
AGnd
Schmidt
trigger
Line
driver
ADC
DAC
+/-15 V
PCB
temp
sensor
DC-DC
+5 V
Micro-
controller
FPGA
DC-DC
TX
RX
+24V DC in
Status
LEDs
Fiber-optic
Figure 19. M10 block schematic.
A field programmable gate array (FPGA) handles all input output, and communicates with the
PIC microcontroller via an internal bus. The microcontroller stores calibration values in its
internal EEPROM.
Digital inputs have weak (50 kohm) pull-ups to 5V, and are buffered by Schmidt triggers.
Digital outputs are buffered by line drivers.
The analog inputs are connected to differential amplifiers and then to a 100 kSa/sec ADC which
multiplexes the two inputs, so that each is sampled at 50 kSa/sec. Any ADC over-ranges are
flagged and communicated to the host computer along with the digital input bit pattern. The
analog outputs are generated by a dual DAC and buffered by unity gain amplifier circuits.
In the M10C variant, the second analog output is used to drive a built-in current source with 0 to
20 mA span. When the correct M10C firmware is installed, then the current output can be
controlled directly between two conditions by the state of digital input 1. When the bit is set
high, then the last commanded value is output. When it is low, then zero current is output (with
the calibration offset applied).
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An on-board thermistor is used to measure the M10 temperature. It is read by a 10-bit ADC
integrated in the PIC microcontroller.
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13 Electrical interfacing
The following diagrams illustrate the internal interfacing circuits of the M10, and the options for
connecting the M10 outputs and inputs to various configurations in the sending or receiving
device.
13.1 Analog inputs
The analog inputs pass via 10k current limiting resistors to a precision differential
instrumentation amplifier.
Analog In +
Analog In -
Figure 20. Analog input circuit.
13.1.1 Differential signal source
M10
M10
+
+
-
-
Ana In +
Ana In -
AGnd
+
-
10k
10k
V+
745
+15V-15V
8
6
REF
AGND
1
GAIN
3
2
V-
Figure 21. M10 connection to a differential analog voltage source.
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13.1.2 Single-ended signal source
M10
M10
+
+
-
-
Ana In +
Ana In -
AGnd
Figure 22. M10 connection to a single-ended analog voltage source.
13.2 Analog outputs
The analog outputs are single ended, buffered by a stage with close to unity gain with 100 ohm
current limiting impedance.
-15V
48
3
2
+15V
V-
V+
1
100R
10k2
100pF
Analog out
AGnd
10k
AGND
Figure 23. Analog output circuit.
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13.2.1 Differential destination
M10
Ana Out
AGnd
+
-
Figure 24. M10 connection to a differential analog voltage destination.
13.2.2 Single-ended destination
M10
Ana Out
AGnd
Figure 25. M10 connection to a single-ended analog voltage destination.
13.2.3 Current output to differential destination
M10C
0-20 mA Out
AGnd
100R
0-2 V
+
-
Figure 26. M10C current output to a differential analog voltage destination with terminating
resistor.
Note that the current loop configuration is especially convenient if the analog signal needs to
pass through an interlock chain before it reaches is target. Normally-open relays can simply be
placed in series in the line prior to the destination, as shown below.
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M10C
Interlock chain
0-20 mA Out
AGnd
100R
+
-
Figure 27. Analog current output showing external interlock chain.
13.2.4 Current output to single-ended destination
M10C
0-20 mA Out
AGnd
100R
Figure 28. M10C current output to a single-ended analog voltage destination with terminating
resistor.
0-2 V
+
-
13.3 Digital inputs
The digital inputs are pulled up to +5V and protected by 500 ohm current limiting resistors.
+5VD
74LVC14A
Vcc
Gnd
Y1
Y2
Y3
8 9
Y4
10 11
Y5
12 13
Y6
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
+3.3V
14
7
12
34
56
DGND
500R
500R
500R
500R
50k
50k
50k
50k
Digital inputs
Figure 29. M10 digital inputs.
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13.3.1 TTL source
M10
+5V
50k
50k
Dig In
DGnd
Figure 30. M10 digital input from a TTL source.
13.3.2 Relay source
M10
+5V
50k
50k
Dig In
DGnd
Figure 31. M10 digital input from a volts-free relay contact pair.
13.3.3 Opto-coupler source
M10
+5V
50k
50k
Dig In
DGnd
Figure 32. M10 digital input from an opto-coupler phototransistor.
13.4 Digital outputs
The digital outputs are buffered by a TTL line driver and current limited by 100 ohm series
resistors.
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100R
A1
Y1
A2
Y2
74HCT540
A3
Y3
A4
Y4
A5
Y5
A6
Y6
A7
Y7
A8
Y8
/G1
/G2
Vdd
GND
+5VD
Figure 33. Digital output circuit.
13.4.1 TTL loads
M10
Dig Out
100R
Digital outputs
DGnd
Figure 34. M10 digital output to TTL loads, with fanout.
13.4.2 Relay solenoid load
M10
Dig Out
100R
DGnd
5V relay coil,
max current 24 mA
Figure 35. M10 digital output to relay solenoid.
A snubber diode must be fitted as shown, 1N4004 or similar.
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13.4.3 Opto-coupler photodiode load
M10
Dig Out
100R
DGnd
Rext
Figure 36. M10 digital output optocoupler photodiode.
The external series resistor should be chosen to suit the specified forward diode current, I,
required to turn on the opto-coupler.
Rext ≈ (4 / I) – 100
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14 Calibration
14.1 M10 Calibration Factors
Ideally the M10 would output and input perfectly accurate analog voltages. In practice small
circuit offsets and gain errors result in small inaccuracies. The M10 stores calibration factors
(“Permanent calibration”) that allow these to be compensated, increasing the absolute accuracy
of the device by an order of magnitude.
There is a gain and offset factor for each analog output, and a gain and offset factor for each
range of each analog input. The values can be viewed on the setup tab in either version of
Diagnostic host. The factors are determined using high-precision test equipment and stored in
the M10 internal memory as part of the manufacturing process, or if the unit is returned for
recalibration. The parameters are reloaded whenever the M10 is powered up.
The permanent calibration factors are applied as follows:
Output: V
where V
is the voltage sent out by the M10, and V
out
= Gain*(V
out
– Offset)
raw
is the voltage that would be sent out if
raw
there was no calibration.
Input: V
where Vin is the actual input voltage and V
= Gain*Vin – Offset
read
is the displayed value.
read
14.2 Application Calibration Factors
Application calibration factors are provided to allow you to map the native voltage range of the
M10 onto the output and readback of a power supply or similar device that it is controlling. The
temporary calibration is applied on top of the permanent calibration, when the “Use temporary
scaling” option is checked.
The simplest way to appreciate this function is to consider an example. Say we have a high
voltage power supply, designed by a rather confused engineer, that outputs -50 kV to +50 kV
linearly in response to a control input of 0 to +5 V. It has a linear readback of -10 V to +10 V
corresponding to -50 kV to +100 kV. We want to enter and read back values in kV on the M10
diagnostic, and we know that the permanent calibration is good so that the M10 outputs and
inputs are accurate in voltage. When we have selected the analog input and output pair we shall
use, we can enter “kV” in the units field so that the Data tab readings are labeled appropriately.
For the output,
V
= Gain*(V
out
+ Offset),
set
so for the example, we put Gain = 0.05 and Offset = 50.
For the input, we would use the +/- 10V range, and
V
= Gain*Vin – Offset,
read
so for the example, Gain = 6.25 and Offset = -12.5.
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In practice you may be able measure the response of the power supply by independent means as
a function of the M10 output and input values with the temporary calibration disabled, to obtain
the necessary parameters.
Notice that this procedure is most intuitive when you can associate one M10 analog input and
output pair to setting and reading back one parameter, so that the physical units are common.
For example, analog output 1 could be calibrated as described to provide a command in kV, and
analog input 1 would be used to read back the corresponding monitor value also scaled in kV.
Then we might use analog input 2 to readback and scale a monitored current in mA. The
following figure shows how this might look.
Figure 37. Using application scaling.
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1 PSU ground (0V)
14
+24 VDC input or output
2
Shield (M10 case)
15
Analog ground
3
Analog in 1 +
16
Analog in 1
- 4 Digital out 1
17
Digital out 2
5
Analog in 2 +
18
Analog in 2
- 6 Analog ground
19
Analog out 1
7
Analog ground
20
Analog out 2
8
Analog ground
21
+5V digital out
9
Digital ground
22
Digital out 3
10
Digital out 4
23
Digital ground
11
Digital in 4
24
Digital in 3
12
Digital in 2
25
Digital in 1
13
Digital ground
1
14
15 Connectors
15.1 Front panel connectors
15.1.1 Analog and digital I/O
Twenty-five pin Dsub female.
13
25
(External view on connector / solder side of mating plug)
On the M10C model, the 0-20 mA current output is from pin 20 to any analog ground.
CAUTION
Do not connect +24 V to any of the inputs or outputs.
CAUTION
Digital inputs should not lie outside the range 0 to +5.5 V or damage may result.
Analog inputs should not lie outside the range +/- 15V or damage may result.
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Center pin: +24VDC
Outer: 0V
15.2 Rear panel connectors
15.2.1 Power input
2.1 mm threaded jack. To mate with Switchcraft S761K or equivalent
15.2.2 Fiber-optic communications
ST bayonet. To mate with ST male terminated fiber optic cable. Recommended cable types 1
mm plastic (such as Avago HFBR-EUS-500) or 200 um silica (such as OCS BC03597-10 BL).
Signal: 650 nm light (red).
Transmit
(light grey)
Receive
(dark
grey)
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0 (Reserved to loop controller)
1-F (decimal 1 to 15)
Available address settings.
16 Controls and Indicators
16.1 Front panel controls
None.
16.2 Rear panel controls
16.2.1 Address switch
16 position rotary switch setting device address. Choice of address is arbitrary, but each device
in a fiber-optic loop system must have a unique address.
Setting Function
16.3 Front panel indicators
None.
16.4 Rear panel indicators
Quad green LED.
Device
Network
Activity
Power
16.4.1 Power
Green LED. On = input power is present; internal DC-DC converters are running.
16.4.2 Activity
Green LED. Flashes for 100 msec when M10 has received new analog or digital output setting.
16.4.3 Network
Green LED. Flashes when M10 is processing messages on the fiber-optic channel.
16.4.4 Device
Green LED. Flashes on for 100 msec with period (250 msec + averaging time) when M10 is
initiated and acquiring data.
16.5 Internal settings
We do not recommend that you open the M10 case unless specifically instructed to do so by your
supplier or Pyramid Technical Consultants, Inc. The most likely reason is that you need to
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0 9 bit
binary, 10 Mbps
1
8 bit binary, 3 Mbps
2
8 bit binary, 115.2 kbps
3 8 bit binary, 57.6 kbps
4
8 bit binary, 19.2 kbps
5 ASCII, 3 Mbps
6 ASCII, 115.2 kbps
7
ASCII, 57.6 kbps
8 ASCII, 19.2 kbps
9 (Reserved)
connect an M10 rev 3 via an A200, instead of the default which covers the A360, A500 and
A560. Otherwise, there are no user-serviceable parts inside.
Figure 38. Location of internal switches and jumpers. Sw2 is not present in the rev 4 M10 (M10
and M10D).
16.5.1 SW2 settings
Communications mode switch. This switch is only fitted to rev 3 and earlier M10s and the
M10C. Only 10 Mbps 9 bit binary is supported in the rev 4 M10, with 4.1D or later PIC
firmware. ASCII communications are no longer supported.
Setting Function
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None
Standard M10 mode.
1
20.
16.5.2 JPR1 settings
Device identification.
Links Function
Set these jumpers to select the 0-20mA output feature for the M10C.
2
This requires the latest firmware for the M10C as described in section
The link 1 only setting is associated with the use of the XM01 adaptor.
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17 Software updates
The M10 has three embedded firmware releases.
Firmware Function
FPGA (.pof file) General logic, loop message passthrough, ADC reading and
averaging
PIC Boot (.hex file) Boot up, code upload
PIC Application (.hex file) Main application; calibration, conversion to floating point values,
range control, HV PSU control, actuator I/O control, host
communications, SCPI instrument model.
17.1 FPGA firmware updates
To update the FPGA, click the “Select .fhex file” button under Upload FPGA on the Device tab,
and navigate to the relevant file. The code will then load. The process takes about 20 seconds.
Figure 39. Selecting the fhex file to load.
When the upload is complete, you will get a prompt to power cycle the M10 in order to load the
new code.
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Figure 40. Restart prompt after FPGA update.
If the FPGA upload fails for any reason such as loss of power during the upload, or data
corruption, then the M10 may not be able to communicate. In the unlikely circumstance that this
happens, it can be recovered using an FPGA programming tool and the .pof version of the FPGA
code. Contact your supplier or Pyramid Technical Consultants who will arrange for the unit to
be repaired.
The PIC microcontroller application code may be updated periodically to add new operating
features. New code releases will be provided by your supplier, or can be downloaded from the
Pyramid Technical Consultants, Inc. website. The hex file can be loaded using the PSI
Diagnostic host without any need to access the unit. The upload can be performed directly from
the PC host. On the Device tab, click the “Select .hex file” button and navigate to the relevant
file. The code will then load. The process takes about 20 seconds, and the M10 will start
running the new code immediately.
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Figure 41. Selecting the hex file to load.
Figure 42. Firmware upload in progress
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18 Controlling Analog Output Ramp Rate
It may not always be appropriate to make large steps in the M10 analog outputs. For example, if
the M10 is controlling a power supply driving an inductive load, then a demand for a sudden step
in current may cause the power supply to hit its voltage compliance limit, and perhaps loose
regulation. One way to manage this is to command the M10 to make a series of small steps and
thus simulate a smooth ramp. Doing this via a sequence of commands may impose an
unacceptable load on the communications, however.
M10 firmware 4.1D or later allows a limiting slew rate to be set, in volts per second, with the
ramp waveform generated internally by the M10 itself. The host software only needs to send the
target voltage and the ramp is computed and executed by the M10.
The ramp rate value is exposed in PSI Diagnostic version 4.112 and later, on the setup tab.
Figure 43. Ramp rate limit controls in the PSI Diagnostic
If the ramp rate is set to zero, then the feature is disabled, and the output will change as fast as
the M10 internal amplifiers will allow. Figure 44 shows a 5V step without rate limiting; the
main linear portion of the change occurs at 6.6e5 V s-1.
Figure 44. M10 analog output step without ramp rate limiting
Setting a non-zero value sets the ramp rate in V sec-1. The M10 will execute a staircase of small,
short steps to closely approximate a smooth slope at the requested rate. The fine detail of this
staircase is constrained ultimately by the minimum time between steps (four microseconds) and
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the smallest voltage step (one bit = 0.3 mV). Figure 45 shows the results for the same step with
the rate set to 50000 V s-1, and to 5000 V s-1.
Figure 45. M10 analog output step with ramp rate limiting at 50000 V s-1 (left) and 5000 V s-1
(right)
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19 Pulse output feature
The M10-P version with PIC firmware up to 4.0G can put out a well-controlled sequence of
pulses on any or all of the four digital outputs. This feature is useful for test of pulse counting
systems. Within the pulse-pair resolution pulse duration capabilities of the system being tested, a
particular number of pulses output by the M10P show be counted by the pulse counting system,
irrespective of changes to the pulse length and period.
A typical application is to use the TTL pulses to drive a pulser LED in a scintillatorphotomultiplier detector, as illustrated in figure 45. An A500-GC commands a particular pulse
train on from the M10, and then counts the resulting pulses on its scaler board. The complete
pulse counting system is therefore validated.
A500
Sc PMT
R
Scaler
Preamp Discrim
M10
Figure 46. Use of the M10P to generate a pulse train for a pulser LED to test a pulse counting
system.
If the cable from the M10-P to the LED is long, and you want to send fast pulses, then you are
advised to try to impedance match the transmission line as far as possible. The 100R - 150R
series resistor at the LED and appropriate screened twisted pair cable can achieve reasonable
matching.
The controls for the pulse output feature are exposed in PSI Diagnostic software versions up 4.9,
but not in later versions. Figure 47 shows a setup that gives five and seven pulses on digital
outputs 1 and 3 respectively, with the digital output 3 being inverted. The resulting output when
the pulsing is initiated from the data screen is shown in figure 46. The pulse period and high
time are set in units of 12.5 nsec, and the period must exceed the high time by at least one unit.
The maximum values for the times are 65553, and this is also the maximum pulse count.
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Figure 47. Example PSI diagnostic setup for pulse output.
25 nsec 137.5 nsec
DigOut1
DigOut2
DigOut3
DigOut4
Figure 48. Schematic illustration of the resulting pulse output.
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20 Versions and Compatibility
There are some compatibility constraints for the various versions of the M10. We recommend
the configurations shown below. However if you have M10s embedded in a complex system
running application-specific host software, you should not change your firmware or software
versions without consulting your supplier or Pyramid Technical Consultants, Inc.
M10 rev 4 or rev 3 with analog slew rate control, M10D
M10 PIC 4.1D or later
M10 FPGA 8.1.39 or later
A500 DSP 5.43 or later
A500 FPGA 2.7.42 or later
A500 Ethernet 8.5
or A560 0.6.138.30
PSI Diagnostic 4.114 or later
or PTC G2 Diagnostic 5.4.1 or later
(Slew rate control will be exposed in a future revision of the PTC G2 Diagnostic)
M10C (0-20 mA current output)
M10C PIC 4.1D or later
M10C FPGA 8.1.44
A500 DSP 5.43 or later
A500 FPGA 2.7.42 or later
A500 Ethernet 8.5
PSI Diagnostic 4.114 or later
M10P (rev 3 PCB) with digital pulse output feature
M10 PIC 4.0G
M10 FPGA 8.1.26
A500 DSP 5.36
A500 FPGA 2.7.178
A500 Ethernet 8.5
PSI Diagnostic 4.99 or earlier
The M10C and M10P use the same circuit board as the M10 rev3, but with alternative parts
fitted. The M10 rev 4 uses a different circuit board.
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Recent versions of the M10 can also be connected as slaves to any G2 series controller such as
the A360, A560, I128, F460, C400 and others. Contact Pyramid Technical Consultants, Inc. for
latest information on compatibility. Use of the G2 platform gives access to EPICS via the IG2
channel access server software.
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21 Fault-finding
Symptom Possible Cause Confirmation Solution
Incorrect analog input
readings
Incorrect range selected Change to range 4 and recheck Use an appropriate range for
Calibration incorrect or
Application scaling factors
Incorrect analog output values Terminating impedance is too
M10C 0 – 20 mA current
incorrect
High noise levels Integration time too short for
Incorrect connection to the
differential input. Voltage
must appear across the + and pins.
corrupted
have been enabled in error, or
are incorrect for the
application.
low.
Terminating impedance is too
high
signal being measured
Check connection
arrangement against the
examples in section 13.
Check calibration values for
erratic values.
Check whether application
scaling has been enabled, and
whether the values are
sensible.
Disconnect load and remeasure.
Short, or reduce terminating
impedance to 500 ohm or less.
Noise level reduces with
integration period
Use appropriate connection.
the size of signal.
Contact supplier or Pyramid
Technical Consultants, Inc.
Use the appropriate scaling for
your application.
Ensure load is within the
current compliance of the
analog outputs.
Ensure load is within the
voltage compliance of the 0 –
20 mA output.
Use an appropriate integration
time for the signal level.
Analog in signals respond
very slowly
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Averaging period has been set
very long
Reduce period Set averaging appropriate to
the required time resolution
and noise levels
M10 user Manual
Line voltage pickup Noise level drops sharply if
integration period is 16.7 msec
(60 Hz) or 20 msec (50 Hz)
Keep M10 and signal cables
clear of unscreened high
current mains voltage. Use
integration periods (N/line
frequency).
Digital input not registering
signal as expected
Unable to set digital outputs as
expected
Incorrect electrical connection
to target device, typically lack
of appropriate ground path.
Incorrect electrical connection
to target device, typically lack
of appropriate ground path.
Check that unloaded output
changes as expected with a
loop back connector
Check that unloaded output
changes as expected with a
loop back connector or by
Correct electrical
configuration (see section 12)
Correct electrical
configuration (see section 12)
direct measurement
Unable to communicate with
M10
Duplicate address setting Check address against
expected address in host
software.
Use correct switch setting.
Switches can be changed
while the unit is operating.
Communication link timeout Investigate and fix
communications issue. Use a
longer timeout setting if
necessary.
RX and TX cables cross
Network LED not lit. Correct cabling.
connected somewhere in loop.
Fiber optics are damaged Inspect fibers, especially the
connectors. Check light can
be seen through fiber.
Exchange fibers and retry
Incorrect setting of SW2
Contact your supplier or
(hardware rev 3 or earlier
only)
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Fit new fibers or re-terminate
as necessary.
Pyramid Technical
M10 user Manual
Consultants, Inc. Refer to
section 15.
Unable to connect to M10C Using PTC G2 Diagnostic
which does not support the
Check Diagnostic type and
version.
M10C.
Communications interruptions Other processes on PC host
Use a dedicated PC with
interfering with comms ports.
PSI Diagnostic will not
connect to devices
Random changes to
parameters
Analog outputs slow to
change.
Two copies of program
running
Another host program is
interacting with the same
M10.
Ramp rate limit parameter has
been applied.
Run a single instance only
Check software running on
hosts that could access the
M10.
Check setting of ramp rate
parameter.
No pulse output Pulsing mode not supported Check hardware and firmware
versions (see section 19).
Enable pulse feature not
enabled.
Check if feature is selected in
the PSI Diagnostic.
Use the PSI Diagnostic to
connect to the M10C.
simple configuration and
minimum number of processes
running.
Run a single host program
only.
Set appropriate value, or 0 to
disable the ramp rate
limitation.
Use the correct hardware and
software versions,
Check enable pulse out box in
PSI Diagnostic
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22 Maintenance
The M10 does not require routine maintenance or calibration. There is risk of contamination
which may degrade performance if the case is opened. There are no user-serviceable parts
inside.
The M10 is fitted with a 1.1 A automatically resetting positive temperature coefficient (PTC)
fuse in the 24 VDC input. No user intervention is required if the fuse operates due to
overcurrent. The fuse will reset when the overcurrent condition ends.
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23 Returns procedure
Damaged or faulty units cannot be returned unless a Returns Material Authorization (RMA)
number has been issued by Pyramid Technical Consultants, Inc. If you need to return a unit,
contact Pyramid Technical Consultants at support@ptcusa.com, stating
- model
- serial number
- nature of fault
An RMA will be issued, including details of which service center to return the unit to.
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24 Support
Manual and software driver updates are available for download from the Pyramid Technical
Consultants website at www.ptcusa.com. Technical support is available by email from
support@ptcusa.com. Please provide the model number and serial number of your unit, plus
relevant details of your application.
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25 Disposal
We hope that the M10 gives you long and reliable service. The M10 is manufactured to be
compliance with the European Union RoHS Directive 2002/95/EC, and as such should not
present any health hazard. Nevertheless, when your device has reached the end of its working
life, you must dispose of it in accordance with local regulations in force. If you are disposing of
the product in the European Union, this includes compliance with the Waste Electrical and
Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE) 2002/96/EC. Please contact Pyramid Technical
Consultants, Inc. for instructions when you wish to dispose of the device.
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26 Declaration of Conformity
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27 Revision History
The release date of a Pyramid Technical Consultants, Inc. user manual can be determined from
the document file name, where it is encoded yymmdd. For example, M10_UM_080105 would
be a M10 manual released on 5 January 2008.
Version Changes
M10_UM_080714 First general release
M10_UM_080724 Add ASCII communications information
M10_UM_081027 Add Declaration of Conformity
M10_UM_120709 Major revision covering new software and hardware.
- add information about PTC G2 Diagnostic
- add section on ramp rate limiting
- remove ASCII communications section (no longer supported)
- add compatibility section
- add disposal section
M10_UM_120716 Minor corrections following review.
M10_UM_141205 Update specifications table
Add information on DIN rail mounting.
Identify M10P and M10D as separate versions.
Add section on IG2 and EPICS interfacing.
M10_UM_150225 Update specifications table
M10_UM_1700307 Correct number of analog inputs and outputs in description of
Diagnostic G2 screens.
M10_UM_1900331 Corrected jumper settings for M10C.
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