INSTALLATION & MAINTENANCE MANUAL FOR
PVI FIREPOWER
B40 OIL BURNER
1.0 thru 10.0 gph
CARBON MONOXIDE WARNING:
CAUTION: IMPROPER COMBUSTION MAY CAUSE SERIOUS INJURY.
PVI recommends a seasonal or annual combustion check-out be performed by a
qualified service agency to ensure safe and efficient operation.
Typical Construction
Figure 22A-1
1. Burner housing 12. Pump coupling
2. Mounting flange 13. Fan wheel
3. Flange gasket 14. Fan motor
4. Blast tube 15. Flame safeguard
5. Oil nozzle assembly 16. Ignition transformer
6. Ignition electrodes 17. Damper assembly
7. Housing plug 18. Housing cover
8. Connecting pipe 19. Locating block
9. Electric oil valve 20. Scanner or photocell
10. Oil pump 21. Control enclosure
11. Oil strainer
PV500-22A 08-98 1 Section 22A
PVI FIREPOWER
B40 OIL BURNER
1. Wiring to the unit should conform to the
National Electrical Code or the code legally
authorized to your locality. A fused disconnect
switch should be used for water heater
control. Service wiring connections of 115V, 1
phase, 60 Hz. are located in the enclosure on
the water heater. (See Figure 22-10, pg. 14.)
FOR YOUR SAFETY
DO NOT store or use gasoline or other
flammable vapors and liquids in the
vicinity of this or any other appliance.
FOR YOUR SAFETY
WARNING: Improper installation,
adjustment, alteration, service or
maintenance can cause injury or
property damage. Refer to this manual
for assistance, or consult a qualified
service agency.
ELECTRICAL
NOTE: Use only copper wire of proper sizing
for incoming service. Damage resulting from
use of aluminum wiring will be excluded from
coverage under the warranty of this unit.
PV500-22A 08-98 2 Section 22A
PVI FIREPOWER
B40 OIL BURNER START-UP
(Refer to Figure 22-1 to identify burner parts)
1. Remove the enclosure panel cover on the water
heater or boiler to expose the control circuit. The
wiring diagram, located on the backside of the
cover, will show the controls used in our circuitry.
2. Visually check that all components are intact and
no damage has occurred during transit.
3. Check all connections in control cabinet. A loose
connection could cause intermittent shutdowns.
4. Check oil supply lines to insure proper practices
have been followed and installation complies with
local codes. Use only a two-pipe system. Check
for adequate burner intake air supply.
NOTE: Do not tamper with or readjust program
dipswitch settings. This will cause the control
to become inoperable. Damage resulting from
tampering will be excluded from coverage
under the warranty of this unit.
5. Remove the flame safeguard control from its
base. Check the connections in control mounting
base; loose connections can cause nuisance
shutdowns. When applicable, check the time card
or programmer, for good connection.
6. With electrodes exposed, check them for the
proper settings as in Figure 22-4 & 7, pages 7 & 8.
Check for any hairline cracks in the insulators.
Should replacement of burner electrodes be
required, certain procedures must be followed. In
all cases, removal of electrodes is accomplished
by loosening the electrode mounting clamps.
Draw electrodes out of the nozzle assembly
through the holes in the pressure plate.
7. Open manual oil valve(s). Make certain check
valves are positioned for the correct oil flow. There
should not be a manual shut-off valve in the return
line from the pump to the tank.
8. Pull the nozzle assembly to check the ignition
electrodes. See Figure 22-3 & 6, pages 7 & 8.
9. Inspect the electrodes for cracked ceramic or
loose retaining studs that hold the wire within the
ceramic. Select the proper pressure plate hole to
place each electrode and insert the electrode
through the hole, retaining stud end first.
10. Tighten the electrode mounting clamp slightly until
electrode ceramics are seated firmly and
completely in the mounting bracket without gaps
between ceramics and mounting bracket at the
bearing faces.
11. Measure and set electrodes according to Figure
22-4 & 7, pages 7 & 8. After gaps and setting are
complete, fully tighten electrode mounting clamp.
Do not overtighten or insulation may crack.
12. Replace nozzle assembly; be sure to connect the
spark rod wires before installing nozzle assembly
fully into blast tube. Check connections on the
ends of the flame and spark rod wires for good
contact. Look for properly stripped wire ends. Be
sure connectors are firmly attached to the ignition
rod ends. Insulating boots can give a false feeling
of proper seating. DO NOT MOVE
ELECTRODES. Be careful not to bump
electrodes. Check fan wheel for free rotation.
13. Connect a test meter to the control for reading the
flame response signal.
NOTE: Some controls read the flame signal in
micro amps and some in volts DC. The MC120
series control has two terminals marked for
reading volts DC.
14. Be sure tank is filled with water. Once the burner
is reassembled, a gauge to read pressure,
preferably a 300 psi gauge, will be needed to read
oil pressures. Connect gauge to the pressure side
of the oil pump. Connect vacuum gauge to supply
side of oil pump (15”HG maximum allowed).
15. Single stage oil burners. Before turning the unit
on, make sure all valves in the oil supply and
return lines are on. Check the air damper setting
against the setup tag attached to the burner.
Turn the unit on using the rocker switch on the
side of the control cabinet. If the operating
control switches are closed, the burner blower
should come on and prepurge begins.
If nothing happens, check the control to be sure it
is not in the tripped position and reset it by
pushing the flame safeguard reset button. Burner
should prepurge for no more than thirty seconds.
PV500-22A 08-98 3 Section 22A
PVI FIREPOWER
B40 OIL BURNER START-UP (con't)
After purging is complete, terminal 3 energizes
the oil valve and terminal 4 energizes the ignition
transformer. The flame is then established and
the VDC reading on the meter should read a
steady 14-18 VDC for photocell or 4-6 VDC for
UV amplifiers. Each different control will have the
required flame response signal stamped on it.
This is the minimum for it to properly operate. If
the burner fails to light during the initial period, it
is probably due to air in the line. The control will
lock out. Push the flame safeguard reset button
to restart burner and begin the purge cycle again.
Once the flame is established, set the oil
pressure (measured at the oil pump) at the
pressure shown on the tag attached to the
burner. Oil pressure should be adjusted while
firing on the second stage. Do not exceed the oil
supply pressure specified on the setup tag.
16. Two stage oil burners. Before turning the unit
on, make sure all valves in the oil supply and
return lines are on. Check the first stage air
damper setting against the setup tag attached to
the burner. The second stage air setting must be
adjusted while the burner is operating. Turn the
unit on using the rocker switch on the side of the
control cabinet. If the operating control switches
are closed, the burner blower should come on
and prepurge begin.
If nothing happens, check the control to be sure it
is not in the tripped position and reset it by
pushing the flame safeguard reset button. The
burner should prepurge for no longer than thirty
seconds.
After purging is complete, terminal 3 energizes
the oil valve and terminal 4 energizes the ignition
transformer. The flame is then established and
terminal 5 energizes the main oil valve after a
short delay. This will simultaneously supply oil to
the second stage oil nozzle and the damper
actuator, driving the damper open. The burner
can be temporarily locked in the first or second
stage by adjusting the low-fire hold switch. The
VDC reading on the meter should read a steady
14-18 VDC for photocell or 4-6 VDC for UV
amplifiers. Each different control will have the
required (minimum) flame response signal
stamped on it. If the burner fails to light during the
initial period, check for air in the line. The control
will lock out. Push flame safeguard reset button
to restart burner and begin purge cycle again.
Once the flame is established, set the oil pressure
(measured at the oil pump) at pressure shown on
the tag attached to the burner. Oil pressure should
be adjusted while firing on the second stage. Do
not exceed the oil supply pressure specified on
the setup tag.
17. Check flue gases with a flue analyzer and smoke
spot pump to make final settings of the air
damper.
a. Readings need to be taken from a hole in the
vent several inches from flue outlet
connection.
b. Insert draft gauge into the test opening in the
stack. Draft in stack should read -.02" to -.06"
W.C. Adjust draft regulator, if installed.
c. Insert analyzer in test opening and determine
O2 content in percentage.
d. Gradually close air damper to decrease O2
reading or open air damper to increase O2
reading until optimum O2 % (4-5%) is reached.
Refer to Figure 22-2 & 5, pages 7 & 8 for
damper adjustment details.
e. Once the O2 reading is in the specified range,
check smoke content in the flue gas by
pumping ten times through a new smoke spot
sample paper. Smoke spot should not exceed
a #2. If the smoke spot exceeds a #2, it may
be necessary to increase the O2 %.
f. Once combustion is set, take note of the gross
stack temperature; maximum gross stack is to
be 400°F, minimum net stack is to be 300°F.
(NOTE: net temperature is the total stack
temperature, less room temperature.) If an
excessively high gross stack temperature is
recorded, consult the factory.
g. Make sure air shutter is locked securely in
place.
18. On two-stage oil burners, the preceding analysis
must be done for the first and second stage.
19. Check each operating and limit control to be sure
they function properly by lowering and raising the
temperature setting on each of the controls,
causing the burner to cycle on and off.
PV500-22A 08-98 4 Section 22A
PVI FIREPOWER
B SERIES OIL BURNER START-UP (con't)
20. Record the following information for future use:
a) Air shutter position ________________
b) Oil supply pressure ____________PSIG
c) Stack draft _________________" W.C.
d) O2 reading _______________% (4-6%)
e) CO2 reading ____________% (10-12%)
f) CO reading ______ ppm (less than 300)
g) Smoke ________________(less than #2)
h) Stack temperature:
Gross ________________________°F.
Less ambient ___________________°F.
Net __________________________°F.
i) Combustion efficiency ____________%
NOZZLE RATING
gph
GPH 100 PSI 85 100 125 150 175 200 GPH 100 PSI 85 100 125 150 175 200
.40 .36 .40 .45 .49 .53 .56 3.00 2.76 3.00 3.35 3.68 3.97 4.25
.50 .46 .50 .56 .61 .66 .71 3.75 3.45 3.75 4.19 4.59 4.96 5.30
.55 .50 .55 .61 .67 .72 .77 4.50 4.14 4.50 5.04 5.51 5.95 6.36
.60 .55 .60 .67 .74 .79 .85 5.00 4.60 5.00 5.59 6.13 6.61 7.07
.65 .59 .65 .73 .80 .86 .92 5.50 5.07 5.50 6.15 6.74 7.27 7.78
.75 .69 .75 .84 .92 .99 1.06 6.00 5.53 6.00 6.71 7.33 7.94 8.48
.85 .78 .85 .95 1.04 1.13 1.20 6.50 5.99 6.50 7.26 7.96 8.60 9.20
1.00 .92 1.00 1.12 1.23 1.32 1.41 7.50 6.91 7.50 8.38 9.19 9.91 10.60
1.10 1.01 1.10 1.23 1.34 1.45 1.55 8.50 7.83 8.50 9.50 10.41 11.24 12.02
1.25 1.15 1.25 1.39 1.53 1.65 1.76 10.00 9.21 10.00 11.18 12.24 13.22 14.14
1.35 1.24 1.35 1.51 1.65 1.78 1.91 11.00 10.14 11.00 12.29 13.47 14.55 15.55
1.50 1.38 1.50 1.68 1.84 1.98 2.12 12.00 11.06 12.00 13.40 14.70 15.90 17.00
1.75 1.61 1.75 1.96 2.14 2.32 2.48 13.50 12.44 13.50 15.09 16.53 17.85 19.09
2.00 1.84 2.00 2.24 2.45 2.65 2.83 15.00 13.82 15.00 16.77 18.37 19.84 21.21
2.25 2.07 2.25 2.52 2.74 2.98 3.18 17.00 15.67 17.00 19.00 20.82 22.48 24.04
2.50 2.30 2.50 2.80 3.06 3.30 3.54 19.50 17.97 19.50 21.80 23.90 25.80 27.60
2.80 2.58 2.80 3.13 3.42 3.70 3.95 22.00 20.28 22.00 24.59 26.94 29.10 31.11
OPERATING PRESSURE:
IN POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH
NOZZLE RATING
TABLE 22-1
gph
OPERATING PRESSURE:
IN POUNDS PER SQUARE INCH
PV500-22A 08-98 5 Section 22A
Figure 22A-2
Figure 22A-3
PVI FIREPOWER
SINGLE STAGE B SERIES OIL BURNER ADJUSTMENTS
AIR ADJUSTMENT
Loosen the locking screw and move the knob (A) along the scale (B) to the
position wanted and tighten the screw. Check the air adjustment by making a flue
gas analysis.
ADJUSTMENT & REMOVAL OF NOZZLE ASSEMBLY
To adjust nozzle assembly (C), loosen screw (D) and move
the nozzle forward or retract by turning the adjustment
screw (E). Line up the pointer on the locating block to the
index position specified in Table 22-2 (pg. 9) for best
results.
To remove the nozzle, remove the burner cover and
disconnect the electrode cables. Separate the nozzle
assembly from the fan housing by loosening the
connecting pipe (F) and extracting the connecting pipe
from the nozzle port.
IGNITION ELECTRODE ADJUSTMENT
Check that the measurements between the
nozzle, the ignition electrodes and the pressure
plate correspond to Figure 22-4.
Figure 22A-4
PV500-22A 08-98 6 Section 22A
Figure 22A-5
PVI FIREPOWER
TWO STAGE B SERIES OIL BURNER ADJUSTMENTS
AIR ADJUSTMENT
First stage: Set the operating switch on low capacity. Loosen the screw (A) and
move the damper arm (C) along the scale (E) to a position where the flame does
not soot nor blow out. Tighten the screw.
Second stage: The operating switch remains on low capacity. Screw the knurled
ring (B) by means of an adjustment pin in (reduce) or out (increase). The position
of the damper can be read on the damper scale (E).
Check the air adjustments of the second stage by making a flue gas analysis.
ADJUSTMENT & REMOVAL OF NOZZLE ASSEMBLY
To adjust nozzle assembly (C), loosen screw
(D) and move the nozzle forward or retract by
turning the adjustment screw (E). Line up the
pointer on the locating block to the index
position specified in Table 22-2 (pg. 9) for best
results.
To remove the nozzle, remove the burner
cover and disconnect the electrode cables.
Separate the nozzle assembly from the fan
housing by loosening the connecting pipe (F)
and extracting the connecting pipe from the
nozzle port. Then disconnect the 2nd stage oil
line from the fitting located on the inside of the
fan housing.
Figure 22A-6
IGNITION ELECTRODE ADJUSTMENT
Check that the measurements between the
nozzle, the ignition electrodes and the
pressure plate correspond to Figure 22-7.
Figure 22A-7
PV500-22A 08-98 7 Section 22A
PVI FIREPOWER
NOZZLE POSITION
INPUT - GPH NOZZLE POSITION
1.4 1
2.8 3
4.3 4
5.7 2
7.2 2
8.6 4
TABLE 22-2
Figure 22A-8
PV500-22A 08-98 8 Section 22A
PVI FIREPOWER
TROUBLESHOOTING SUGGESTIONS
OIL BURNER
1. BURNER FAILS TO START:
A. Defective on/off or fuel transfer switch.
Replace switch.
B. Control circuit has an open control contact.
Check limits, low water cutoff, proof of closure
switch and others as applicable.
C. Bad fuse or switch open on incoming power
source. Correct as required.
D. Motor overloads tripped. Reset and correct
cause for trip out.
E. Flame safeguard control safety switch
tripped out. Reset and determine cause of
apparent flame failure.
F. Loose connections or faulty wiring. Tighten
all terminal screws and consult wiring diagram
furnished with the burner.
G. Frozen oil pump shaft preventing blower
motor operation. Replace oil pump.
H. Flame safeguard control starting circuit
blocked due to flame relay being energized.
Possible defective scanner or photocell replace. Possible defective amplifier - replace.
Scanner actually sighting flame due to leaking
fuel valve - correct unwanted flame cause.
Defective flame safeguard control - replace.
I. Defective blower motor. Repair or replace.
2. OCCASIONAL LOCKOUTS FOR NO
APPARENT REASON:
A. Check for proper settings on direct spark oil
ignition electrodes. Make certain that gap is
not too wide and the “light-off” oil pressure is as
recommended.
B. Direct spark ignition. Verify that there are no
cracks in the porcelain and that transformer end
and electrode end plug-in connections are tight.
C. Loose or broken wires. Check all wire nut
connections and tighten all terminal screw
connections in panel and elsewhere as
appropriate.
D. Occasional low supply voltage. Contact local
utility to correct. Make certain the burner control
circuit transformer (if supplied) is correct for the
voltage and power (VAC) being supplied.
3. BURNER MOTOR RUNS, BUT DIRECT SPARK
IGNITED OIL FLAME IS NOT ESTABLISHED:
A. Defective or incorrect size oil nozzle.
Remove and clean or replace.
B. Low oil pressure. Check with gauge for correct
“light-off” pressure.
C. Defective oil pump. Replace.
D. Defective oil solenoid valve. Replace.
E. Oil pump coupling loose and defective.
Replace or tighten as required.
F. Low oil pressure switch (if supplied)
defective or incorrectly set. Adjust or replace
switch.
G. Ignition transformer defective. Replace.
H. Ignition electrode set incorrectly. Remove
electrodes and reset.
I. Ignition electrodes cracked and grounding
out spark. Replace electrodes.
J. Ignition leadwire defective and grounding
out spark. Replace.
K. Ignition plug in connections at transformer
or electrode loose. Tighten.
L. Air flow switch not making circuit. Adjust set
point or replace.
M. Defective flame safeguard control or plug in
purge timer card. Replace.
N. Air dampers held in high fire position due to
mechanical binding of linkage. Readjust
linkage.
O. Loose wiring connections. Check and tighten
all connections.
PV500-22A 08-98 9 Section 22A
PVI FIREPOWER
TROUBLESHOOTING SUGGESTIONS
OIL BURNER (con't)
4. OIL FLAME IGNITES, BUT THEN FLAME
SAFEGUARD CONTROL LOCKS OUT ON
SAFETY:
A. Flame scanner lens dirty. Remove and clean.
B. Scanner sight tube blocked or dirty. Check
and clean.
C. Flame scanner defective. Replace.
D. Fuel/air ratios incorrect, resulting in
unstable or smoky flame causing scanner
flame sighting problem. Readjust ratios for
clean stable flame.
E. Defective flame safeguard amplifier or
control. Replace as appropriate.
5. OIL FLAME EXTREMELY SMOKY AT LIGHTOFF OR IN LOW FIRE POSITION:
A. Defective or incorrect size oil nozzle.
Replace.
B. Fuel/air ratio incorrect. Readjust.
6. LIGHT-OFF OIL FLAME IS ESTABLISHED AND
PROVEN, BUT BURNER WILL NOT ATTEMPT
TO GO TO THE HIGH FIRE POSITION:
A. Low/High/Low or modulating burner high
fire temperature or pressure control could
be defective or not set to call for high fire.
Readjust or replace control.
B. Loose wires or incorrectly wired. Verify wiring
and tighten all connections.
C. Flame safeguard control or high fire switch
(if supplied) defective. Verify and correct as
required.
D. Hydraulic oil cylinder defective. Replace.
E. Linkage mechanically binding. Readjust
linkage.
7. LOW OIL FLAME IS ESTABLISHED AND
PROVEN, BUT FLAME OUT OCCURS IN
TRANSITION FROM LOW FIRE TO HIGH FIRE:
A. Defective or incorrect size oil nozzle.
Replace.
B. High fire oil pressure too low. Readjust.
C. Air dampers set too far open at low fire,
which causes flame to blow out during
transition to high fire. Readjust dampers.
D. Oil pump coupling loose or defective.
Tighten or replace.
E. Defective oil pump. Replace.
F. Linkage mechanically binding. Readjust.
G. On modulating systems-fuel/air rations set
incorrectly, causing flame to blow out when
going to high fire. Readjust linkage.
8. WHITE SMOKE FORMATION ON OIL FIRING:
A. Oil/air ratios incorrect due to excess air, or
oil flow is too low. Readjust for proper fuel
input, CO2 and smoke reading.
9. GRAY OR BLACK SMOKE FORMATION ON
OIL FIRING:
A. Impingement on cold combustion chamber
surfaces due to incorrect oil nozzle spray
angle for application. This could also result in
carbon formation on chamber surfaces.
B. Defective or dirty oil nozzle. Replace or clean
nozzle.
C. Incorrect oil/air ratios. Readjust burner to
correct CO2 and smoke levels.
D. Oil pressure too low resulting in poor
atomization. Readjust.
PV500-22A 08-98 10 Section 22A
PVI FIREPOWER
TROUBLESHOOTING SUGGESTIONS
OIL BURNER (con't)
6. OIL HIGH FIRE INPUT RATE CANNOT BE
ACHIEVED:
A. Oil nozzle size too small. Remove nozzle
and check marking. Replace with correct size
nozzle.
B. Nozzle defective. Replace. Nozzle mesh filter
(if supplied) dirty. Clean or replace.
C. Oil supply pressure to nozzle too low.
Readjust.
D. Oil pump defective. Replace.
E. Oil pump coupling loose (slipping) or
defective. Replace.
F. Linkage mechanically binding. Readjust.
G. On modulating burner, oil nozzle return line
metering valve set incorrectly. Readjust to
attain required nozzle bypass pressure.
Additional troubleshooting information can be found in the Flame Safeguard bulletin supplied with the burner.
H. Oil suction line too small or partially
blocked. Make vacuum test while at high fire.
The vacuum should not exceed 10-15 inches
Mercury (HG). Make line size changes, if
required.
I. Blocked or dirty suction line oil filter.
Replace or clean.
J. Manual valves in suction line not fully open.
Check and correct.
K. Suction line check valve or foot valve
operating incorrectly. Check and correct.
L. Vent system on oil tank blocked, creating
vacuum on tank with high vacuum and
lowered oil flow to burner. Check and correct.
PV500-22A 08-98 11 Section 22A
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