Pulnix TM-9701, TM-9701AN Operation & Maintenance Manual

Table of Contents

1. Discharge Principle of CCD......................................................................................................

1.1 Substrate Drain Shutter Mechanism..................................................................

1.2 Asynchronous Shutter........................................................................................

2. Shutter Speed Control...............................................................................................................

2.1 External Double Pulse Mode..............................................................................

2.2 Internal Fast Reset Mode...................................................................................

2.3 Internal Slow Reset Mode..................................................................................

3. Factory Setting and Board Layouts.........................................................................................

3.1 Top Board...........................................................................................................

3.2 Bottom Board.....................................................................................................

4. Digital Output Connector...........................................................................................................

5. Connector Pin Configurations..................................................................................................

6. Shutter Control Switch..............................................................................................................

7. Vinit Double Pulse Generator....................................................................................................

8. Frame Memory............................................................................................................................

9. Progressive Scanning...............................................................................................................

10. Digital Output Pulses.................................................................................................................

10.1 Digital Video.......................................................................................................

10.2 Line Data Valid...................................................................................................

10.3 Frame Data Valid................................................................................................

10.4 Pixel Clock..........................................................................................................

11. Progressive Scan Camera Pixel Map and Timing Chart.........................................................

11.1 Pixel Mapping...................................................................................................

11.2 Vertical Frame Timing.........................................................................................

12. Block Diagram............................................................................................................................

13. Signal Delay................................................................................................................................

14. Specifications.............................................................................................................................

15. Physical Dimensions.................................................................................................................

16. 30 Conductor Digital Cable Assembly......................................................................................

1

2
2
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3
3
4
4

5
5
5

6

6

6

7

7

8

9
9
9
9
9

10
10
10

11

11

12

13

13

TM-9701 ASYNCHRONOUS RESET FULL FRAME SHUTTER CAMERA OPERATION

The TM-9701 is designed to accommodate an ON-LINE inspection reset mechanism with full frame shutter.
It takes external horizontal sync to lock the camera and VINIT pulse for resetting the camera asynchronously.
The shutter speed can be controlled by either an external double pulse or internal shutter speed control with a
10-position dial switch on the back panel.

1. Discharge Principle of CCD

1.1 Substrate Drain Shutter Mechanism
Normal operation requires the CCD chip to construct an individual potential well at each image cell. The
potential wells are separated from each other by a barrier. The barrier is sequentially removed to transfer
the charge from one cell to another by pixel clock. This is the basic principle of CCD operation for charge
transfer. The substrate drain vertically moves the charges. When excess potential is applied to substrate
underneath each cell, a potential barrier is pulled down to release the charge into the drain. This can
happen to all the cells simultaneously, whereas normal CCD shuttering is achieved with a horizontal charge
shift to the drain area by interline transferring or reverse transferring of the frame transfer chip.

1.2 Asynchronous Shutter

For Async Shutter mode, set jumper W4 of bottom board open and provide external Hd for phase locking.
When the negative going reset pulse is applied, the camera will latch the falling edge to its next horizontal
drive and reset vertical sync timing immediately. Therefore, the horizontal phase won't be interrupted. The
TM-9701 asynchronous camera outputs a full frame of shuttered video in progressive or interlace format
from a frame buffer. The frame buffer is updated upon receiving negative reset pulse. Analog (RS-170) and
8-bit digital (EIA-422) outputs are available.

2

A1: Odd field from old reset
A2: Even field from new reset
B1: Odd field from new reset
B2: Even field from new reset

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Photo cell potential distribution

Surface

CCD surface

Si substrate

+

Potential barrier

Vsub = normal mode

Charge drain to substrate

Vsub = shutter mode

VINIT

VD

SG (TRANSFER GATE)

DISCHARGE PULSES

ASYNC RESET

VIDEO

OLD VIDEO
IN MEMORY

VIDEO

OLD VIDEO
IN MEMORY

PROGRESSIVE OUTPUT

SHUTTER
VIDEO

INTERLACE OUTPUT

A1

1 FIELD DELAY
DUE TO FRAME
MEMORY

A2 B1

SHUTTER
VIDEO

SAME VIDEO
FROM FRAME MEMORY

B2

SAME VIDEO FROM
FRAME MEMORY

A1: Odd field from old reset

A2: Even field from new reset

B1: Odd field from reset

B2: Even field from new reset

2. Shutter Speed Control

2.1 External Double Pulse Mode

For external double pulse mode, set dial switch to "9". Apply a double Vinit pulse signal, which can be
generated from an external event trigger ( see page 7), to the camera. Internal reset pulse will be latched to
Hd. The duration from the first VINIT pulse (leading edge) to the second VINIT pulse, X, controls the shutter
speed as follows:

Shutter speed ts = X + 9H - 18H ; 1H = 63.5 µsec; Min. duration (X) = 10H; Min. pulse width = 2H.

E.g: The fastest speed is given when the second pulse is set at 10H from the first pulse leading edge,

the shutter speed is 63.5µsec (10H+9H-18H) or 1/16000 sec.

For 1/1000 sec shutter (1ms = 16 H), set the second pulse at 25H from first leading edge pulse
(25H+9H-18H =16H).

One frame of video output will start from the second leading edge pulse for progressive format. For
interlace format, there is one field delay due to frame memory. The camera will output the same video from
memory when VINIT is kept high (5V) and update the image upon receiving next set of double pulse.

3

18H9HX

External
Double
pulse

Hd

Internal Vini

Transfer Gate
Pulse

Discharge puls

Composite
Video

Shutter Speed = (x + 9 - 18) H = (x - 9) H

(min. 10H)

min. 2H

min. 2H

Exposure Tim

Fig. 3

2.2 Internal Fast Reset Mode

For Internal Fast Reset Mode, set 10-position dial switch from "1" to "4". When fast reset mode is
selected, the camera resets with internal VINIT timing, which is latched to Hd, and video output is also
synchronized with internal VINIT timing without further delay. The shutter speed is controlled by the dial
switch.

2.3 Internal Slow Reset Mode

With the Internal Slow Reset mode selected, the camera operates the reset and shutter in the same means
as the external Double Pulse mode. When external VINIT pulse is applied, internal VINIT is latched to Hd
and the second internal VINIT signal is generated to set up the shutter speed period. The shutter speed
is controlled by setting the dial switch from "5" to "8". Video output timing starts right after the second
internal VINIT. For the timing of the second internal reset, LPULSE output of 31-pin connector can be
used.

4

External pulse

Hd

Internal Vini

Transfer Gate
Pulse

Purge pulse (discharg

Composite
Video

9H

Exposure Tim

min. 2H

External pulse

Hd

Internal Vini

Transfer Gate
Pulse

Discharge puls

Composite
Video

9H

EXPOSURE TIME

9H

min. 2H

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

3. Factory Setting and Board Layouts:

3.1 Top Board

W1 AGC/MGC Factory set: MGC
W2 A/D input AGC out or Gamma out. Factory set: G
W3 Gamma 1 (off) or 0.45 (on). Factory set: OFF
W4 Direct Analog/Digital output W4:On (Right) and W5: Open for Direct Analog

W4:Open and W5: Right for Digital
W5 Test Set to Right
W6 Sync select 1: Non-interlace 3: Interlace
W8 Blank select 1: Non-interlace 3: Interlace
W11,15 SHP/SHD phase
W14 RG Phase
W13,16,17 Phase Set to O
W20,22,23,24 Internal/External memory control Factory set: Internal
W21 Interlace/Non-interlace selection Pots

VR1 AGC Set at 2.0 V ±0.1 V
VR2 MGC Set at 1.5 V p-p
VR3 AGC MAX Set at 2.5 V ±0.1 V
VR4 PED Adjust so that video pedestal level is 50 mV ± 15 mV.
VR7 A/D REF Refer to Pulnix internal test procedure.
VR8 D/A GAIN A/D = D/A

3.2 Bottom Board

Shutter speed control

Built in manual shutter control unit
varies the shutter speed. Set jumper
W1 to select manual shutter mode and
asynchronous mode. Use dial switch
to select built in shutter speed.

Potentiometers

VR1 VD phase adjust Adjust VD phase so that Ext.VD and V blanking are lined up.
VR2 PLL Set at mechanical center

Jumper

W1 Manual shutter / Async shutter selection Short: Manual Open:Async

5

W11

W15

MGC

W14

AGC
MAX

VR1 VR2 VR3

W16

OS

MGC

W1

AGC

PR
V1
V2
VSUB
12V
H1
H2

-9V
15V
GND

CCD
GND

10

1

2

J1

1

J2

W12

AGC

S

O

W13

W17

S

O

D/A REF

E

I

VR8

W24

I

W23

W3

ON

OFF

G

A

IE

IE

W25

W22

OFF

W6W813

W2

VR4

PED

INT

W5

W4

W21

13

ON

N-INT

31

1

DO4+

26

DO5­DO7+
DO6­DO0+
DO1-

J4

DO3+
DO2­CLK+
LDV­FDV+
ENINT
FDV-`

14

DO4­DO5+
DO7­DO6+
DO0­DO1+
DO3­DO2+
CLK­LDV+
VIDEO
INTEG

VR2 VR1

W4

W1

J3

J5

(Top side)

4. Digital Output Connector

An EIA-422 digital output is available from 31-pin high-rel, micro-miniature connector (Airborn MP221-031-243-

2200). The mating connector can be firmly secured to the receptacle for vibration and shock environments.
A common D-sub connector was not used to prevent any vibration problems.

Pin No Signal Description
1 CLK+ Pixel clock(14.318 MHz) output

17 CLK- "

2 LDV+ Line data valid

18 LDV- "

3 FDV+ Field data valid

19 FDV- "

4 GND

20 VINIT External Vinit input (TTL)

5 EXT. HD Ext. HD sync input (TTL)

21 EXT.VD Ext. VD sync input (TTL)

6 INTEG. CONT Integration control input active: Low(TTL)

22 ENINT Enable integration for frame capture (TTL)

7 LPULSE Last pulse for slow mode async pulse

23 GND

8 - 15 DO0+ - DO7+ Digital video output ( 8-bit )

24 - 31 DO0 - - DO7- "

16 GND

Digital output connector is optional.
Mating connector ordering information:

PULNiX part No. 15-1623 Airborn P/N: MP211-031-113-3400
Straight Backshell (cover): 15-1624 MM254-031-000-0000
Cable assembly: Refer to P.13

12-pin connector and cable:
Standard cable is 12 P-02 (2m, 8 conductor cable) for power and external controls.

5. Connector Pin Configurations

12-PIN Connector

1. GND 7. V

D In

2. +12V DC 8. GND

3. GND 9. H

D In

4. Video Out 10. GND

5. GND 11. Integration Control

6. VINIT In 12. GND

6. Shutter Control Switch

Manual shutter mode Async reset mode
0 no shutter no shutter
1 1/60 1.0H 1/16000
2 1/125 2.0H 1/8000
3 1/250 4.0H 1/4000
4 1/500 8.0H 1/2000
5 1/1000 16 H 1/1000
6 1/2000 32 H 1/500
7 1/4000 64 H 1/250
8 1/8000 128H 1/125
9 1/16000 Double pulse

Mode 0: Normal mode
Async Mode1-4: Fast mode
Async Mode 5-8: Slow mode
Async Mode 9: Double pulse mode

6

16

1

31

17

19

10

2

11

3

12

4

5

0

8

7

6

9

8

7

6

SH CONTROL

1

2

3

4

5

7. VINIT Double Pulse Generator

One of the advantages of the TM-9701 asynchronous camera is the external shutter speed control by
providing a double pulse VINIT signal. The pulses are generally applied from a computer or the frame grabber
system. The first pulse is synchronized with the external trigger edge to reset the camera. The second pulse
is for shutter speed control and creates internal VD and frame grab timing of asynchronously reset video.
Following is a simplified circuit example for external shutter speed control.

VR1.....Pulse duration adjustment for shutter speed control

VR2.....Second pulse width adjustment. It is not important to keep any specific width but enough for frame grab

timing. ( Suggested to be >2H )

VR3.....First pulse width adjustment. In order to obtain effective shutter speed control, it is suggested to be

less than 4H. Optimum width is 2H. 1H = 63.5 µsec.

8. Frame Memory

The TM-9701 has a built-in frame memory in order to convert progressive scanning images to RS-170
interlace scanning images. This feature provides the following advantages:

i) Asynchronously captured images are output as standard continuous video signals so that a normal monitor

or frame grabber can display or process without special asynchronous video grabber.

ii) Integration video is continuously output until the next capture. Normally, the camera cannot output the video

signal during the integration, and the periodic integration causes blinking video signal. The TM-9701 memory
keeps the stored image until the next image is completed so that there is no blank interval during integration.

iii) Digital format of the video output can be used as direct interface with computer. The format is interlace or

progressive.

7

Fig. 6

HD IN

VR2

O.01

6

11

10

9

100K

7

12

12

11

2

3

10

13

74HC74

4

1

74HC00

9

1

2

5

3

4

5

DOUBLE PULSE

VINIT OUT

6

VINIT IN

SINGLE PULSE

VR1

100K

0.1

15

14

0.01

13

74HC221

VR3

100K

4

3

2

1

3

2

1

How to activate the frame memory?

A. Asynchronous Reset Mode (Select switch on back plate for ASYNC)

When External VINIT is high ( 5V), the TM-9701 expects the async pulse input. It resets at the negative
going pulse edge and captures the frame regardless of the shutter speed (fast or slow mode).The video is
kept and output continuously during VINIT high.When the next VINIT pulse comes in, the next image is
captured. If the switch is MAN (manual shutter) mode, the video output is real time. Because of the
progressive scan to interlace scanning, the interlace video reacts slower to moving objects than with normal
interlace cameras. (It converts 30 Hz frame into 60 Hz rate and since moving objects are captured at a slow
rate, 60 Hz scanning cannot show faster motion.)

B. Integration

Activate ENINT (Enable Integration) of 31-pin connector (#22) by connecting to 0V (TTL GND) then input
INTEG CONT as active low. During low, the TM-9701 keeps integrating and, upon the rising edge of the
INTEG CONT pulse, it captures the frame and keeps it until next end of integration.

9. Progressive Scanning

Standard TV system scanning is 525 line interlace scanning as specified in RS170. Every other horizontal
line (ODD lines and EVEN lines) are scanned at a 60 Hz rate per field, and completes scanning with two
fields (one Frame) at 30 Hz rate. Because of the interlace scanning, vertical resolution of CCD cameras is
limited at 350 TV lines regardless of horizontal resolution. When electronic shutter is applied, the CCD can
hold only one field of charge at each exposure. Therefore, the vertical resolution of the electronic shutter
camera is only 244 TV lines.
The TM-9701 uses a state-of-the-art CCD called a "Progressive scanning interline transfer CCD" which
scans all lines sequentially from top to bottom at one frame rate (30 Hz). Like a non-interlace computer
screen, it generates a stable crisp image without alternating lines and provides full vertical TV resolution of
484 instead of 350. The interline transfer architecture is also important to generate simultaneous shuttering.
This is different from full frame transfer architecture which requires a mechanical shutter or strobe light in
order to freeze object motion.

The TM-9701 outputs the progressive scan image with electronic shutter in three different formats:

i) Progressive Scanning Analog Output (refer to P.5 for jumper setting)

Straight forward signal output without going through 8-bit A/D, D/A converter. It is useful for higher gray level
resolution than 8-bit (256 levels). It is a real-time CCD output through normal analog video processing into
75Ω 1Vp-p output format.

ii) Progressive Scanning Digital and Analog Output (refer to P.5 for jumper setting)

The CCD signal goes through A/D and D/A converters. The frame memory is capable of capturing async
and integration video without having special frame grabbers. The analog output is the same as 75Ω, 1Vp-p
format at 30Hz rate available from BNC and 12 pin connector.The digital output is available from 31-pin
connector with EIA-422 format.

iii) Interlace Scanning Output (Digital and Analog)

By setting switch on the back plate to interlace mode, the TM-9701 outputs normal RS-170 video for
standard monitor display or general purpose video frame grabbers. (Set jumpers W4 ON side). Since the
interlace mode must use a frame memory, it can output captured images of async and integration video.The
first field after asynchronous reset is the previous image. The second field is an even field, and the third field
is an odd field. In orer to capture full frame, the frame grabber must capture the 2nd and 3rd fields. (See
page 2, Fig. 2) Option 51 provides continuous (uninterrupted) video sync output for asynchronously
captured images.

8

10. Digital Output Pulses

10.1 Digital Video

Differential line-driven, 8-bit parallel signal with EIA-422 format. 100Ω output termination impedance. Output
from 31-pin connector.The mating connector: Airborn MP211-031-113-4300 (See page 4.)

10.2 Line Data Valid (LDV)

Differential line-driven signal with EIA-422 format. It is active high (+ side is higher than - side) during the
transfer of each line of data. Horizontal line read out.

10.3 Frame Data Valid (FDV)

Differential line-driven signal with EIA-422 format. It is active high during the transfer of each frame data (or
field data for interlace output).

10.4 Pixel Clock

Differential line-driven signal with EIA-422 format. The frequency is 14.31818 MHz.

9

HD

LDV

22N

90N

124N

63.55 µSec

VIDEO OUT

768N

9N
DUMMY

1H = 910N

PIXEL CLOCK: 1N = 69.84 nSec.........14.31818MHz

12N
OB

7N

DUMMY

NON-INTERLACE
FDV

INTERLACE
FDV

1H

4H

3H

1H

1H

20H

31H

VIDEO OUT

262.5H

VIDEO OUT VIDEO OUT

241H

1.5H

484H

525H

1H

20H

262.5H

241.5H

7H

1H

69.8 nsec

PIXEL CLOCK

DIGITAL DATA

PIXEL
N

20 nsec

48 nsec

N-5

5 nsec

PIXEL
N+1

PIXEL
N+2

N-4

CDS DELAY = 1N
FRAME MEMORY DELAY = 4N

N-3

N-2

11. Progressive Scan Camera Pixel Map and Timing Chart

11.1 Pixel Mapping

11.2 Vertical Frame Timing

10

HORIZONTAL RESET

96

TOTAL CLOCK PER 1H = 910 (63.5 µsec)

778

777

CCD OUTPUT

PIXEL CLOCK

O.B.

DUMMY

790

789

791

BLANK

119

142

DUMMY

1

9

10

ACTIVE PIXEL

777

778

CCD LINE CONTENT

1

DUMMY

VD

9H

HORIZONTAL LINES

VIDEO OUTPUT

NON-INTERLACE

484

36H

T.G (9H)

BLANK = 41H

9

10

TOTAL HORIZONTAL SCANNING = 525H

5 O.B.

5

1

1

ACTIVE PIXEL

484 ACTIVE PIXELS

777

778

OPTICAL BLACK

484

789

DUMMY

790

791

INTERLACE
NEW VERSION
(TM-9701)

20H

PREVIOUS IMAGE (EVEN)

20H 20H

ODD (TM-9701)

EVEN (TM-9701)

12. Block Diagram

13. Signal Delay

11

RS-422
DIRVER

8 BIT
DIGITAL VIDEO

CCD

CDS
AGC

CCD

DRIVER

TIMING
GEN

A/D

FIELD

MEMORY 1

MEMORY
CONT

SYNC
GEN

FIELD

MEMORY 2

D/A

INTERLACE

NON-INTERLACE

PLL

SIG
PROCESS

ASYNC
CONT

RS170
ANALOG VIDEO

EXT. SYNC IN

VINIT IN

SHUTTER
CONTROL

INTEG
CONT

CCD

CDS

AGC

1N

A/D

D/A

PIXEL CLOCK : 1N=69.84nsec

5N

M

VAMP

DOUT

5N

6N

VOUT

14. Specification

Imager: 2/3” inch progressive scanning interline transfer CCD

Pixels 768 (H) x 484 (V)
Cell size 11.6 (H) x 13.6 (V) microns progressive scan
Imager size 8.9 (H) x 6.6 (V) mm
Chip size 9.9 (H) x 7.7 (V) mm
Dynamic range 60dB
Output sensitivity 10 µV/electron
Dark noise 40 electrons
Dark current < 1 nA/cm

2

Quantum efficiency

25%, 20%, 12% (450, 550, 650 nm); TM-9701 only

Scanning: 525 lines, 30 Hz or 60 Hz 2:1 interlace

Clock 28.6363 MHz
Pixel clock 14.31818 MHz
Horizontal frequency 15.734 KHz
Vertical frequency 59.94 Hz

TV resolution: 570(H) x 484(V) lines, digital resolution: 768 x 484
Video output: 1.0V p-p composite video, 75Ω and 8-bit RS 422 output
S/N ratio: 50 dB min. (AGC OFF)
Minimum illumination: 1.0 lux (F=1.4) without IR cut filter
AGC: ON/OFF (OFF std.)
Gamma: 0.45 or 1.0 (1.0 std.)
Lens mount: C-mount
Power requirement: DC 12V, 500 mA
Weight: 330 grams (12oz.)
Operating temperature: -10 °C to +50 °C
Storage temperature: -30 °C to +60 °C
Operating humidity: Max. 70%
Storage humidity: Max. 90%
Vibration: 7 G (200Hz to 2000Hz)
Shock: 70 G
Dimensions: 44 mm x 48.5 mm x 136 mm

(1.73” x 1.90” x 5.35”)

12

Physical Dimensions

16. 30 Conductor Digital Cable Assembly

31 pin configurations 37 pin configurations

13

Pin Signal Cable

1 CLK+ OR 1RED
2 LDV+ GRY 1RED
3 FDV+ WHT 1RED
4 GND YLW 1RED
5 HD PINK1RED
6 INTEG OR 2RED
7 L PULSE GRY 2RED
8 D0+ WHT 2RED
9 D1+ YLW 2RED
10 D2+ PINK2RED
11 D3+ OR 3RED
12 D4+ GRY 3RED
13 D5+ WHT 3RED
14 D6+ YLW 3RED
15 D7+ PINK3RED
16 N/C
17 CLK- OR 1BLUE
18 LDV- GRY 1BLUE
19 FDV- WHT 1BLUE
20 VINIT YLW 1BLUE
21 VD PINK1BLUE
22 EN INTEG OR 2BLUE
23 GND GRY 2BLUE
24 D0- WHT 2BLUE
25 D1- YLW 2BLUE
26 D2- PINK2BLUE
27 D3- OR 3BLUE
28 D4- GRY 3BLUE
29 D5- WHT 3BLUE
30 D6- YLW 3BLUE
31 D7- PINK3BLUE

Pin Signal Cable

1 CLK+ OR 1RED
2 LDV+ GRY 1RED
3 FDV+ WHT 1RED
4 N/C
5 N/C
6 N/C
7 N/C
8 D0+ WHT 2RED
9 D1+ YLW 2RED
10 D2+ PINK 2RED
11 D3+ OR 3RED
12 D4+ GRY 3RED
13 D5+ WHT 3RED
14 D6+ YLW 3RED
15 D7+ PINK 3RED
16 GND YLW 1RED
17 VINIT YLW 1BLUE
18 EN INTEG OR 2BLUE
19 N/C

Pin Signal Cable

20 CLK- OR 1BLUE
21 LDV- GRY 1BLUE
22 FDV- WHT 1BLUE
23 GND GRY 2BLUE
24 N/C
25 N/C
26 N/C
27 D0- WHT 2BLUE
28 D1- YLW 2BLUE
29 D2- PINK 2BLUE
30 D3- OR 3BLUE
31 D4- GRY 3BLUE
32 D5- WHT 3BLUE
33 D6- YLW 3BLUE
34 D7- PINK 3BLUE
35 GND Shield SHIELD
36 N/C
37 INTEG OR 2RED

135

PULNiX

PROGRESSIVE SCAN

M3x0.5 (4x)

44.0 mm 18.0 mm

10.2 mm

1/4"-20

3/8"-16

35.5 mm

16

1

19

13

NRM ASY

POWER

16

VIDEO OUT

31

44

SHUTTER

INT NON

VIDEO

1

17

48

56

32

1

31

17

2037

NOTICE

The material contained in this manual consists of information that is proprietary to PULNiX America, Inc.,
and may only be used by the purchasers of this product. PULNiX America, Inc. makes no warranty for the
use of its products and assumes no responsibility for any errors which may appear or for damages
resulting from the use of the information contained herein. PULNiX America, Inc. reserves the right to
make changes without notice.

WARRANTY

All our solid state cameras have a full three year warranty. If any such product proves defective during this
warranty period, Pulnix America, Inc. will repair the defective product without charge for parts and labor or
will provide a replacement in exchange for the defective product.This warranty shall not apply to any
damage, defect or failure caused by improper use or inadequate maintenance and use.

Revised Printing: May 2002

Industrial Products Division

PULNiX America Inc. Tel: [phone]
1330 Orleans Drive Tel: [phone]
Sunnyvale, CA 94089 Fax: [phone]