Pulnix TM-1010 Operation & Maintenance Manual

TM-1010

PROGRESSIVE SCANNING

HIGH RESOLUTION CAMERA

OPERATIONS &

MAINTENANCE MANUAL

(REV. 2)

JUN 1996

Covered by U.S. Pat. # 6259478 B1

1.1 Features and Applications

The TM-1010 is a state-of-the-art CCD camera which
uses a 1 inch 1K x 1K progressive scan interline
transfer CCD imager.
This CCD camera offers outstanding compactness,
high resolution, built-in frame memory, asynchronous
reset and electronic shutter, 10-bit digital output as well
as analog video and a number of technical innovations.
The camera's various features allow for versatile
applications, such as high resolution image capturing,
machine vision, computer graphics, gauging, avionics,
microscopy, medical imaging, character and fine
pattern recognition, document reading and high end
surveillance.

Miniaturized and light weight

All PULNiX cameras are built with the same design
principles: Solid state technology; miniaturization;
application specific such as custom design, remote
imagers, special functions for various application
needs; robust design even for military applications.

Imager

The TM-1010 uses a 1K x 1K progressive scan
interline transfer CCD. The reason of such CCD is,

1. High resolution (1024 x 1024 active pixels)
For very high resolution and image quality.

2. Square pixel (9.0 x 9.0 µm)
Precise dimensional measurement ability.

3. High speed electronic shutter capability
High dynamic resolution of moving object and
electronic iris control.
Eliminates a need of mechanical shutter.

4. Progressive scan
Eliminates interlace deterioration of image.
Ease of computer interface.

5. High sensitivity and low noise at fast scanning
Can drive faster than 20 MHz x 2 pixel clock
rate. (40 MHz output clock)
Excellent S/N ratio (>50 dB).
Micro lens built-in.

Asynchronous reset

The TM-1010 can be reset with external reset pulse
(VINIT).When VINIT is enabled at Async mode, the
camera keeps discharging from CCD and with VINIT
leading edge (negative going pulse), it resets the
internal timing and starts integrating the image for the
preset period of shutter timing and outputs the async
shutter video.
This feature is especially important to capture moving
objects at the precise location of the field of view such
as belt conveyer, fast event observation and still
picture capturing.

Frame memory and Digital output

The TM-1010 has a built-in frame grabber and a frame
memory.
The 10-bit A/D converter provides 1024 gray levels
with maximized signal-to-noise ratio. The output can be
real time digital output or captured image (frozen
picture).
The digital output format is always progressive scan at
the maximum rate of 15 frames / sec. and is RS-422
differential output.

Variable clock rate

The standard pixel clock frequency is 20 MHz but TM­1010 can be programmed to operate at 10 MHz and 5
MHz in ordet to adapt various higher bit frame
grabbers which normally runs at slower speed for 10­bit processing. Also, lower speed reduces the system
noise to degree and increase sensitivity due to longer
integration at the speed.

Async image capturing

The TM-1010 captures async reset image and
provides continuous video output of the same image.
It makes simpler for an ordinary frame grabber to
capture the async reset images.

Integration

The TM-1010 is capable of capturing high resolution
integration images. The integration can last from 1/15
sec to a few seconds. For uniform and low noise
integration, PULNiX offers a peltier cooled CCD option.

Analog output (interlace)

Since 1K x 1K cameras are no longer in TV format, the
display of the video signal is only achieved by using a
frame grabber and computer or special monitor.
The TM-1010 has a feature of analog display output for
signal monitoring purpose from BNC connector but the
signal is not processed for the scan conversion in order
to maintain good S/N ratio. While the digital is 10-bit
non-interlace, the analog is 8-bit non-interlace output.
If analog display is important, PULNiX offers TM-1040.

A/D reference voltage and dynamic range control

10-bit A/D converter’s reference voltage can be
controlled by back panel switches or RS-232C. The
high reference and low reference variation provides
A/D or signal processing dynamic range to maximize
CCD characteristics.

Remote RS-232C copntrol

The back panel mode switch, gain control, shutter
speed, A/D reference functions and the data preset are
controlled by RS-232C communication.

NOTE: TM-1010 has a microlens CCD.

2

2. SPECIFICATIONS

Imager

Imager 1" Progressive scan interline transfer CCD
Total pixels 1024 (H) x 1024 (V)
Photosensitive pixels 1008 (H) x 1018 (V) 6 + 10 ob(H), 4 + 2 ob (V)
Photosensitive area 9.1 (H) x 9.2 (V) mm
Pixel size 9.0 (H) x 9.0 (V) µm
Output sensitivity 12 µV/e­Micro lens Built-in

Blemish Point defect Cluster Column

Class 0 No defect 0 0
Class 1 <5 0 0
Class 2 <10 <4 <2
Class 3 <20 <8 <4

Camera

Scanning 1024 lines 15 Hz ( Single channel output from CCD, single channel

output for read out)

Sync Internal / External auto switch

HD / VD, 4.0 Vp-p impedance 4.7 KΩ
fHD = 15.75 KHz

fVD = 15 Hz
Pixel clock 20.034 MHz, output clock: selectable 20 MHz, 10 MHz and 5 MHz
TV resolution Analog :700 (H) x 800 (V) , Digital: 1008 (H) x 1018 (V) pixel resolution
Minimum illumination 2.0 lux, f = 1.4 without IR cut filter
S/N ratio 50 dB min. AGC = Off
Video output Analog 1.0 Vp-p composite video, 75 Ω , sync negative

Digital 10-bit RS-422 differential output

Data clock = 20.034 MHz (10 MHz, 5 MHz)
Display mode video Analog only fHD = 15.75 KHz, fVD = 15 Hz, Non-interlace
AGC Off
MGC Manual gain adjustable ( 6 dB to 26 dB )
Gamma 1.0

Lens mount C-mount........1" lens format

Power requirement 12 V DC 500 mA (700 mA for driving RS-422)
Operating temperature -10° C to 50° C
Vibration and shock Vibration: 7G (200Hz to 2000Hz), shock: 70G
Size 51mm (H) x 67 (W)mm x 152mm (L) (2.01" x 2.64" x 5.98" )
Weight 330 grams ( 11.6 oz )
Power cable 12P-02
Digital cable 30DG-02-10 (10-bit cable)
Power supply K25-12V or PD-12

3

Wave Length (nm)

TM-1001 SPECTRAL RESPONSE

300

400

500 600 700 800 900 1000

0

0.2

0.1

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

O.9

1.0

Relative Sensitivity

1100

Peak quantum efficiency: 38%

TM-1001

TM-1000

TM-1010 1K X 1K HIGH RESOLUTION ASYNCHRONOUS RESET FULL FRAME SHUTTER CAMERA

The TM-1010 is designed to accommodate a high resolution, ON-LINE inspection reset mechanism with full
frame shutter. It takes external horizontal sync to lock the camera and VINIT pulse for resetting the camera
asynchronously.
The shutter speed can be controlled by either an external double pulse or internal shutter speed control with a
10-position dial switch on the back panel.

1. Discharge Principle of CCD

1.1 Substrate Drain Shutter Mechanism
Normal operation requires the CCD chip to construct an individual potential well at each image cell. The potential
wells are separated from each other by a barrier. The barrier is sequentially removed to transfer the charge from
one cell to another by pixel clock. This is the basic principle of the CCD operation for charge transfer.
The substrate drain vertically moves the charges. When excess potential is applied to substrate underneath each
cell, a potential barrier is pulled down to release the charge into the drain. This can happen to all the cells
simultaneously, whereas normal CCD shuttering is achieved with a horizontal charge shift to the drain area by
interline transferring or reverse transferring of the frame transfer chip.

1.2 Asynchronous shutter
For Async Shutter mode, set jumper W5 of bottom board open and provide external Hd for phase locking. When
the negative going reset pulse is applied, the camera will latch the falling edge to its next horizontal drive and
reset vertical sync timing immediately. Therefore, the horizontal phase won't be interrupted. The TM-1010
asynchronous camera outputs a full frame of shuttered video in progressive scanning format from a frame buffer.
The frame buffer is updated upon receiving negative reset pulse.

4

Surface

Photo cell potential distribution

CCD surface

+

Potential barrier

Si substrate

Charge drain to substrate

Vsub = normal mode

Vsub = shutter mode

VINIT

VD

SG (TRANSFER GATE)

DISCHARGE PULSE

VIDEO

OLD VIDEO
IN MEMORY

ASYNC RESET

PROGRESSIVE OUTPUT

SHUTTER
VIDEO

SAME VIDEO FROM
FRAME MEMORY

2. Shutter Speed Control

2.1 External pulse width control mode

For External Pulse Mode, set dial switch to "9". Apply a pulse width control VINIT signal, which can be generated
from an external event trigger, to the camera. Internal reset pulse will be latched to Hd and at 9th HD timing from
external pulse leading edge ( negative going edge ), CCD discharge pulse is generated to clear the images.
The internal VINIT is generated at the following edge ( positive going edge ) of the external pulse and it resets
internal timing including the video sync.
The shutter speed is the same as the external pulse width but the integration delays 9H from the leading edge.
For immediate reset option, please contact PULNiX.
One frame of video output will start from the rising edge of the pulse width control for progressive format.
The camera will output the same video from memory when VINIT is kept high (5V) and update the image upon
receiving next pulse. At async mode, with external pulse input high, the video output is disabled as the camera
keeps discharging CCD image and only provides black video.

2.2 Internal Fast reset mode

5

9H

X

External
Double
pulseHdInternal Vinit

Transfer Gate
Pulse

Discharge pulse

Composite
Video

Exposure Time

9H

X

External pulse

Hd

Internal Vinit

Transfer Gate
Pulse

Purge pulse (discharge)

Composite
Video9HExposure Time

min. 2H