PTW L981815, T11049 User Manual

Page 1
User Manual
NOMEX
NOMEX Multimeter T11049 Firmware Version 1.1 or higher
NOMEX Software S030008 Version 1.1 or higher
Contents
Operating Manual
Technical Manual
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Page 2

General Information

NOMEX
General Information
– The product bears the CE-mark "CE-0124"
in accordance with the Council Directive 93/42/EEC about Medical Devices and fulfills the essential requirements of Annex I of this directive. The product is a class IIb device (MDD).
Product standard
The product fully complies with the require­ments of the following standards: – IEC 61674
Electrical safety
The product fully complies with the require­ments of the following standards: – IEC 61010-1
Electromagnetic immunity
The product fully complies with the require­ments of the following standards: – IEC 61326-1 – CISPR11/EN 55011 class B
– The user manual is an integral part of the prod-
uct. It should always be kept near the product. Observance of the manual is a prerequisite for proper product performance and correct oper­ation.
– Operator safety, specified measuring accu-
racy, and interference-free operation can only be guaranteed if original products and parts are used. Furthermore, only the acces­sories listed in this manual are approved by PTW-Freiburg and only they or other acces­sories whose use has been expressly permit­ted by PTW-Freiburg may be used in con­junction with the product. Safe operation and proper product performance are not guaran­teed if accessories or consumables from other manufacturers are used.
– PTW-Freiburg cannot be held liable for dam-
age resulting from the use of accessories or consumables from other manufacturers or when the user ignores the instructions and information given in this manual.
– The warranty period is 1 (one) year and begins
on the day of delivery. It is unaffected by repairs covered by the warranty regulations.
– PTW-Freiburg only considers itself responsi-
ble for the safety, reliability, and performance of the product if the assembly, extension, read­justment, modification, or repair is carried out by PTW-Freiburg or by persons authorized by PTW-Freiburg, and if the product is used in compliance with the technical documentation.
– In case of any questions concerning the ser-
vice, support, or warranty, please contact your supplier.
– This manual is in conformity with the prod-
uct specifications, all applicable safety stan­dards, and with the NOMEX software (version as indicated on the front page) that are valid as at the printing date. All rights are reserved for devices, circuits, techniques, software, and names as referred to in the manual.
– PTW-Freiburg reserves the right of modifica-
tions. Please contact PTW or your local representa­tive for the most current information.
– No part of the technical documentation may
be reproduced without written permission from PTW-Freiburg.
– PTW-Freiburg is a registered manufacturer
according to the ElektroG (Elektro- und Elek­tronikgeräte-Gesetz). Elektro-Altgeräte-Register (EAR), Registration number DE15599992
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NOMEX
General Information
– PTW-Freiburg works in strict accordance with
a quality management system that is contin­uously updated according to the national and international standards.
PTW-FREIBURG
Physikalisch-Technische Werkstätten Dr. Pychlau GmbH Lörracher Str. 7 79115 FREIBURG Germany Tel.: +49 761 49055-0 Fax: +49 761 49055-70 info@ptw.de www.ptw.de
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NOMEX

Table of Contents

Table of Contents
General Information........................................................................................................2
Table of Contents........................................................................................................... 4
List of Figures.................................................................................................................7
Intended Use................................................................................................................... 8
Safety Information.......................................................................................................... 9
Operating Manual...........................................................17
1 Equipment Description............................................................................................. 17
1.1 Features................................................................................................................................................17
1.2 Indicators and Interfaces of the NOMEX Multimeter........................................................................... 18
1.3 Status LED on the NOMEX Multimeter............................................................................................... 19
2 Installing, Starting, and Exiting the NOMEX Software.......................................... 20
2.1 Minimum Hardware Requirements.......................................................................................................20
2.2 Installation.............................................................................................................................................21
2.3 Repairing and Uninstalling................................................................................................................... 22
2.4 Data Backup and Restoring a Backup................................................................................................ 23
2.5 Storage of Data.................................................................................................................................... 23
2.6 Starting................................................................................................................................................. 24
2.7 Exiting................................................................................................................................................... 24
3 Putting the NOMEX Multimeter into Service.......................................................... 25
3.1 Connecting the NOMEX Multimeter..................................................................................................... 25
3.2 Positioning the NOMEX Multimeter..................................................................................................... 26
4 Quick Start (Workflow)............................................................................................. 29
5 Main Screen............................................................................................................... 30
5.1 NOMEX Software Measuring Window................................................................................................. 32
5.2 Icons..................................................................................................................................................... 34
5.3 Context Menu....................................................................................................................................... 37
5.4 Changing the Presentation of Measurement Data...............................................................................37
6 NOMEX Multimeter Setup.........................................................................................40
6.1 General Information..............................................................................................................................40
6.2 Detector Menu...................................................................................................................................... 42
6.3 Measurement Setup............................................................................................................................. 44
6.4 Display and Audio Setup..................................................................................................................... 52
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Table of Contents
7 Measurements with the NOMEX Multimeter...........................................................53
7.1 Preparing Measurements..................................................................................................................... 53
7.2 Verifying the Settings Before a Measurement..................................................................................... 54
7.3 Performing the Measurement...............................................................................................................55
7.4 Determining the Measured Values.......................................................................................................59
7.5 Saving Measurement Data...................................................................................................................60
7.6 Loading Stored Measurement Data..................................................................................................... 61
7.7 Deleting Measurement Data................................................................................................................ 62
8 Exporting and Copying Measurement Data........................................................... 63
8.1 Exporting Measurement Data.............................................................................................................. 63
8.2 Copying Measurement Data................................................................................................................ 64
9 Printing Measurement Data......................................................................................66
10 NOMEX Software Options...................................................................................... 67
10.1 Selecting the Displayed Values..........................................................................................................67
10.2 Demo Mode........................................................................................................................................ 68
10.3 Waveform Storage Options................................................................................................................ 68
10.4 Measuring Table Options................................................................................................................... 69
11 Error Messages and Erroneous Measurements...................................................70
11.1 Error Messages.................................................................................................................................. 70
11.2 Erroneous Measurements.................................................................................................................. 75
12 Troubleshooting.......................................................................................................77
13 NOMEX Multimeter Accessories............................................................................78
13.1 NOMEX Multimeter Holder T20016................................................................................................... 78
13.2 NOMEX Multimeter Cassette Adapter T20017.................................................................................. 80
Technical Manual........................................................... 83
14 Technical Specifications.........................................................................................83
14.1 NOMEX Multimeter.............................................................................................................................83
14.2 NOMEX Multimeter Holder T20016................................................................................................... 86
14.3 NOMEX Multimeter Cassette Adapter T20017.................................................................................. 87
14.4 Nominal Useful Range and Ambient Conditions................................................................................87
15 Accessories and Spare Parts................................................................................ 88
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Table of Contents
Service Manual...............................................................89
16 Cleaning....................................................................................................................89
17 Preventive Maintenance......................................................................................... 90
18 Repairing Legally Calibrated Dosemeters............................................................ 91
19 Disposal of the Product......................................................................................... 92
Literature........................................................................................................................93
Appendix: China Electronic Industry Standard Compliance附录:中华人民共和国电
子产业标准...................................................................................................................... 94
Index...............................................................................................................................96
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NOMEX

List of Figures

List of Figures
Figure 1: Definition of the patient environment...............................................................................................14
Figure 2: NOMEX multimeter, top view.......................................................................................................... 18
Figure 3: NOMEX multimeter, bottom view.................................................................................................... 18
Figure 4: NOMEX multimeter, measurement area..........................................................................................19
Figure 5: Customer Information window......................................................................................................... 21
Figure 6: Setup Type window......................................................................................................................... 22
Figure 7: Program Maintenance window........................................................................................................ 22
Figure 8: Measurement area for RAD/FLU/DENT and MAM applications..................................................... 26
Figure 9: Measurement area for CT and DENT-PAN applications.................................................................27
Figure 10: NOMEX software main screen with measuring table......................................................................30
Figure 11: NOMEX software main screen with waveform................................................................................31
Figure 12: NOMEX multimeter measuring window in the NOMEX software....................................................32
Figure 13: Setup menu......................................................................................................................................40
Figure 14: Example showing the sampling time dropdown list........................................................................ 41
Figure 15: Multimeter - Application menu......................................................................................................... 42
Figure 16: Measurement menu......................................................................................................................... 44
Figure 17: Measurable combinations of kV and TF for measuring the tube voltage, dose, and half value layer
in sensitivity mode "Normal" or for measuring the dose in sensitivity mode "Heavily Filtered"........ 48
Figure 18: Measurable combinations of kV and TF for measuring the total filtration....................................... 50
Figure 19: Display and Audio menu................................................................................................................. 52
Figure 20: Status line with warning of reduced accuracy.................................................................................58
Figure 21: Staus line with an error message when the measured values cannot be determined.................... 58
Figure 22: Print dialog (e.g., for the print preview)...........................................................................................66
Figure 23: Options dialog - Displayed values tab.............................................................................................67
Figure 24: Options dialog - Demo mode tab.................................................................................................... 68
Figure 25: Options dialog - Graphic tab........................................................................................................... 68
Figure 26: Options dialog - Table tab............................................................................................................... 69
Figure 27: Measuring window with an error message when the measured values cannot be determined....... 70
Figure 28: Dialog with error message and troubleshooting tip.........................................................................70
Figure 29: Error message not requiring any confirmation................................................................................ 73
Figure 30: Error message requiring confirmation............................................................................................. 73
Figure 31: NOMEX multimeter holder T20016 with NOMEX multimeter..........................................................78
Figure 32: NOMEX multimeter cassette adapter T20017 with NOMEX multimeter......................................... 80
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Intended Use

NOMEX
Intended Use
The NOMEX multimeter is a diagnostic dosime­try system according to IEC 61674 for absolute dosimetry and quality control measurements in diagnostic radiology. It can be used for accep­tance testing and constancy checks in radiogra­phy, fluoroscopy, dental X-ray, mammography, and computed tomography (CT) applications.
The NOMEX multimeter set includes the NOMEX multimeter, a miniaturized dosemeter consisting of the electronic system and the semiconductor detectors and the NOMEX software.
The NOMEX multimeter measures the dose, dose rate, dose per pulse, pulses, pulse frequency, exposure time, tube voltage, total filtration, and half value layer as well as kV and dose rate wave­forms.
System Components
Accessories
The following accessories are available for the NOMEX multimeter:
– NOMEX multimeter holder T20016
Mechanical holder allowing the NOMEX multi­meter to be attached to a dental X-ray unit or to a tripod
– NOMEX multimeter cassette adapter T20017
Mechanical holder allowing the NOMEX multi­meter to be mounted in the cassette compart­ment of an X-ray unit.
For more information about using the acces­sories, refer to section 13 "NOMEX Multimeter
Accessories".
The NOMEX multimeter set L981815 includes these components:
– NOMEX multimeter T11049
– NOMEX software S030008
– USB 2.0 cable with a length of 2 m L178089
– USB 2.0 active extension cable with a length
of 5 m L178088
– NOMEX transport case L522056
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Safety Information

NOMEX
Safety Information
This is the safety alert symbol. It is used to alert the user to potential hazards. Obey all safety messages that follow this symbol to avoid any possible bodily injury or equipment damage.
All safety messages consist of the following com­ponents: – Safety alert symbol and signal word – Type of danger – Source of danger – Consequence – Measures to prevent hazards.
Signal Words
DANGER
Indicates an imminent hazard. If not avoided, the hazard will result in death or serious injury.
WARNING
Indicates a hazard. If not avoided, the hazard can result in death or serious injury.
Safety Information for the NOMEX System
Strictly observe the following safety informa­tion concerning the signal words DANGER and WARNING. Failure to do so may endanger the lives of the patient, user, and other persons involved.
DANGER
Operation in areas where an explosion may occur or in oxygen-enriched atmospheres.
Explosion Hazard!
The product is not suitable for operation in areas of risk where an explosion may occur. Explosion hazards may be caused, for exam­ple, by the use of combustible anesthetics, skin-cleansing agents, and disinfectants.
Furthermore, the product is not suitable for application in oxygen-enriched atmos- pheres. The atmosphere is considered to be oxygen-enriched when more than 25 % of oxy­gen or nitrous oxide is added to the ambient air.
CAUTION
Indicates a potential hazard. If not avoided, the hazard could result in minor injury or product/ property damage.
NOTE
Provides application tips or other useful infor­mation to ensure that you get the most from your equipment.
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NOMEX
Safety Information
WARNING
Improper handling.
Hazards to Persons!
The product is a medical device and must only be handled by persons who are trained in the use of such equipment and are capable of applying it properly. The operator must be trained in the use and operation of the product.
WARNING
Electricity is a source of risk, particularly when the product is not in perfect operating condition or when it is operated inappropriately.
Shock Hazard!
– Before using the product, the user must first
ascertain that it is in correct working order and operating condition.
– Before putting the product into operation,
visually inspect all connection cables, con­nectors, housing, and covers for signs of damage. Damaged cables and connectors must be replaced immediately.
WARNING
Electricity is a source of risk, particularly when the product is not in perfect operating condition or when it is operated inappropriately.
Shock Hazard!
– Products on which moisture condensation
has developed as a result of temperature changes must not be switched on unless completely dry.
– Liquids must not enter the product. If liquids
have entered the product, you have to dry it or wait for it to dry completely, and it must be thoroughly inspected before being used again.
– Extension cords must not be used.
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NOMEX
Safety Information
WARNING
Electricity is a source of risk, particularly when the product is operated inappropriately.
Shock Hazard!
Exclusion of operation in the patient envi­ronment:
Neither the product nor any peripheral devices may be operated in the patient environment (see Figure 1).
Exclusion of operation with patient contact:
The product is not intended for use in direct contact with the patient. Neither the product nor any peripheral device may have contact with the patient.
Exclusion of operation as a controlling instrument:
The product is only designed for use as a mea­suring device. Measuring results must not be used to control radiodiagnostic equipment or radiotherapy units.
WARNING
Electricity is a source of risk, particularly when the product is operated inappropriately.
Shock Hazard!
Use of peripheral devices:
Peripheral devices (PC, printer) may only be connected if they meet the requirements of standard UL 60950-1 or IEC 60950-1 or of stan­dard IEC 61010-1.
Devices may be connected to other devices or to parts of systems only if it has been ascer­tained that this connection does not impair the safety of the patient, the operator, or the envi­ronment.
If the device specifications do not contain information regarding the connecting of the device to other equipment, you must consult the manufacturer of the other equipment or an expert about the effects of the connection on the patient, operator, or environment. Always observe standard IEC 61010-1.
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NOMEX
Safety Information
WARNING
Magnetic and electrical fields are capable of interfering with the proper performance of the product.
Equipment Failure!
– For this reason, make sure that all external
devices operated in the vicinity of the prod­uct comply with the relevant EMC require­ments. X-ray equipment, MRI devices, and radio systems are possible sources of inter­ference as they may emit higher levels of electromagnetic radiation. Keep the product away from these devices and verify its per­formance before use.
– The use of cables longer than specified
may impair the electromagnetic compatibil­ity characteristics of the product.
– The product should not be used in the
immediate vicinity of, or placed on top of or below, other equipment. However, if the application requires an arrangement of devices as described above, the product should be monitored in order to ensure its proper functioning in the specific arrange­ment.
WARNING
Hazards originating from other system compo­nents.
Hazards to Persons! Equipment Damage!
Observe the safety information provided in the user manuals of the system components.
– The customer or user of the product should
assure that it is used in an electromagnetic environment as described in IEC 61326-1.
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NOMEX
Safety Information
CAUTION
Use of the product without observing the user manual.
Bodily Injury! Equipment Damage!
Always use the product in compliance with the user manual. Otherwise, the intended protec­tion can be reduced.
Handle the product with care to avoid equip­ment damage.
CAUTION
Operation under inadequate ambient condi­tions.
Equipment Damage!
Always observe the ambient conditions as indi­cated in the section "Technical Specifications".
CAUTION
CAUTION
Improper handling of cables and connectors.
Equipment Damage!
To avoid damage to the cables and connectors, observe the following points.
– Do not kink the cables. Observe the mini-
mum bend radius of the cables. Never exert pressure on the cables. Do not step on the cables. Do not roll trolleys over the cables. Do not pull or twist the cables.
– Disconnect the cables from the devices dur-
ing transport and when the devices are not in use. Do not let the cables hang down unrestrained.
– The connectors must always be clean. Do
not allow connectors to lie on the floor. Always protect connectors when pulling them through cable conduits.
Operation under unsuitable ambient conditions or when the NOMEX multimeter is moved.
Erroneous Measurements!
The NOMEX multimeter is a highly sensitive multi-channel semiconductor detector. For this reason, cosmic radiation as well as moving the NOMEX multimeter are capable of starting a measurement.
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NOMEX
Safety Information
NOTE
Please observe the user manuals of all con­nected devices!
NOTE
Set up the product so that the operator has a clear, unobstructed view of the control panel.
NOTE
In order to separate the product from the power supply, unplug the USB cable from the product. Position the device so that it is not difficult to unplug the USB plug.
Symbols on the Product and Nameplate
Symbol Description
Please refer to the user manual!
The product bears the CE-mark.
The device is only suitable for use with direct current.
USB port
Manufacturer and date of manu­facture
Reference number
Serial number
Separate collection for electrical and electronic equipment! (refer also to the section "Disposal of the Product")
Figure 1: Definition of the patient environment
Labeling according to "Administration on the Control of the Pollution caused by Electronic Information Products (ACPEIP)" (China RoHS) (refer also to the "Appendix")
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Safety Information
Safety Information Concerning the Software
WARNING
Hazards originating from other system compo­nents.
Incorrect Operation!
Observe the safety information provided in the user manuals of the system components
WARNING
Use of the NOMEX software by persons with inadequate qualifications.
Incorrect Operation!
The use of the NOMEX software is limited to persons who are familiar with the software and who are adequately trained or experienced in the use of such programs and who own the necessary decision-making competence to ensure proper use. This includes the following activities:
CAUTION
Influences by other software.
Malfunction!
If software programs other than the NOMEX software or programs approved by PTW-Freiburg are installed on the PC, PTW-Freiburg cannot be held liable for com­puter malfunctions resulting from this fact. Fur­thermore, PTW-Freiburg cannot guarantee the proper functioning if third-party software pro­grams were previously installed on the PC and were not entirely removed.
For the proper functioning of the NOMEX soft­ware, ensure that only one version of this soft­ware is installed on the PC.
CAUTION
Use in combination with unsuitable system components.
Incorrect Operation!
– determination of the measuring and analy-
sis parameters
– determination of the tolerance levels
– selection of correction protocols according
to different standards
– selection or generation of the correction
tables according to different standards
– evaluation and plausibility check of measur-
ing and analysis data provided by the soft­ware
– introduction of the software in the depart-
ment
– as well as the instruction provided to the
personnel on how to perform measure­ments.
Only install the NOMEX software on PCs that meet the requirements of the standard UL 60950-1 or IEC 60950-1.
Do not operate the PC in the patient environ­ment.
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NOTE
It is recommended to secure the NOMEX data at regular intervals. The data are located, for example, in the direc­tory '<PTW documents>\Nomex\Data' (refer to section 2.5 "Storage of Data").
NOTE
Please observe the user manuals of all con­nected devices!
Disclaimer
The NOMEX software has been developed and tested with all due care. However, PTW-Freiburg is not in a position to guarantee that the program is completely free of errors.
NOMEX
Safety Information
PTW-Freiburg is not responsible in any way for the consequences resulting from the use of the NOMEX software. Any conclusions drawn from these measurements are the sole responsibility of the user.
The user automatically accepts this agreement by their using the NOMEX software.
Agreement about Updates and Licenses
PTW-Freiburg is not obliged to keep the software up to date. When you contact us for advice, please let us know the software revision, the serial num­bers of the peripheral devices, and the date of pur­chase.
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NOMEX
Operating Manual - Equipment Description

Operating Manual

1 Equipment Description

1.1 Features

– multi-channel semiconductor detector
– measurement of dose, dose rate, dose per
pulse, pulses, pulse frequency, exposure time, tube voltage, total filtration, and half value layer as well as of the tube voltage and dose rate waveforms
– fully automatic dose and tube voltage ranging
– fully automatic total filtration compensation
– measurement of very heavily filtered radiation
qualities
– measurement of the half value layer in all appli-
cations
– adjustable sampling with an appropriately
sized log memory for several seconds
– adjustable timer functions
– message if the accuracy of the measured
value is inadequate
– auto-start/auto-stop mode with auto-reset
CAUTION
Improper handling.
Equipment Damage!
The NOMEX multimeter is a sensitive measur­ing device that requires regular inspection and calibration.
– Ensure that the NOMEX multimeter is ser-
viced at regular intervals as outlined in section 17 "Preventive Maintenance".
– Have the NOMEX multimeter calibrated
periodically by an authorized laboratory (also refer to section 17 "Preventive Main-
tenance").
Legally Calibrated NOMEX Multimeters
The calibration authority has placed a calibration mark on the back of the device. Damaging or removing the calibration mark automatically inval­idates the calibration.
– USB interface
– powered via USB interface
– NOMEX software for the display and evalua-
tion of the measured values
– NOMEX software for equipment setup
– selectable display language for the NOMEX
software
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Operating Manual - Equipment Description

1.2 Indicators and Interfaces of the NOMEX Multimeter

NOMEX
Figure 3: NOMEX multimeter, bottom view
Figure 2: NOMEX multimeter, top view
1
Radiation measurement area (refer to
Figure 4)
2
USB port
3
Status LED
1
Nameplate
2
Rubber pad (4)
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Operating Manual - Equipment Description
1.3 Status LED on the
(refer to Status LED 5, Figure 4)
Function LED indica-
NOMEX Multimeter
tion
Figure 4: NOMEX multimeter, measurement
area
1
Detector area
2
Electronics area
3
Mark for alignment with the central axis
4
Mark for alignment in CT and dental panoramic applications
5
Status LED
The NOMEX multimeter is inactive, i.e., it is not con­nected to the PC and, there­fore, is not powered.
Establishing a communication link via USB
The NOMEX multimeter is ready for measurement.
Measurement in progress blinking green
Measured values are being determined.
The NOMEX multimeter is not ready for measurement because the device is being set up via the NOMEX soft­ware.
Error condition of the NOMEX multimeter Exception error, refer to section 11.1.2 "Other Error
Messages"
none
illuminated blue
illuminated green
blinking blue
illuminated red
blinking red
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Operating Manual - Installing, Starting, and Exiting the NOMEX Software

2 Installing, Starting, and Exiting the NOMEX Software

2.1 Minimum Hardware Requirements

Operation systems:
Processor: Pentium IV processor, 2 GHz
RAM: min. 2 GB RAM
Hard disk: min. 100 MB of free space for
– Windows XP Professional or – Windows Vista Business
x32/x64 or
– Windows 7 Professional
x32/x64 with recent Service Packs and Updates
or compatible processor recommended Pentium IV processor, 3 GHz or better
NOMEX and min. 300 MB of free space for .NET Framework 2.0 and 3.5
Alternatively, you can also use a tablet PC with the following configuration:
Operation systems:
RAM: 2 GB RAM
Hard disk: 32 GB
Graphics: WSVGA (1024 x 600 Pixel)
Windows 7 Professional x32/x64
recommended SSD
Graphics: XGA (1024 x 768 pixel)
or higher resolution recommended SXGA (1280 x 1024 pixel) default font size enabled
Software: – MS Internet Explorer 8.0 or
higher – Adobe Reader 7.0 or higher – Microsoft Excel
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Operating Manual - Installing, Starting, and Exiting the NOMEX Software

2.2 Installation

CAUTION
Working with an incomplete version of the NOMEX software.
Malfunction!
If a restart of the system is required during or after the installation of the software, it is essen­tial to restart the PC before the first use of the software in order to ensure a correct installation of the software.
NOTE
Switch off antivirus software, energy saving modes, and screen savers in order to avoid problems during installation or measurements.
The installation program is delivered on CD-ROM.
If you have configured your CD-ROM drive to 'Autorun', the installation process will be started automatically. Otherwise, follow the instructions below:
In Windows Explorer, open the directory of the
CD-ROM drive.
Start the installation with the "setup.exe" file.
The installation program will be executed and
the software will be installed on the hard disk of your PC.
Please follow the prompts on the screen.
The Customer Information window will be dis-
played.
Log in as the administrator.
Start Windows on your PC and close all run-
ning applications.
Insert the installation CD into the CD-ROM
drive (e.g. drive D:\).
Figure 5: Customer Information window
If the operation system on your PC is set for sev­eral users, you can choose between installation for all users with Anyone who uses this computer or for the current user with Only for me.
Click the Next button.
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Operating Manual - Installing, Starting, and Exiting the NOMEX Software
The Setup Type window will be displayed.
Figure 6: Setup Type window
In the Setup Type window, select the setup
type Custom or Complete.
PTW-Freiburg recommends selecting the setup type Complete, especially if you are using the soft- ware for the first time. With the setup type Complete all available pro­gram features will be installed in the directory 'C: \Program Files\'.

2.3 Repairing and Uninstalling

You can uninstall the NOMEX software or repair installation errors.
Click StartSettingsControl panel.
Double-click Add/Remove programs.
Select the NOMEX software and click the
Change button.
The Program Maintenance window will be dis-
played.
If you want to choose another directory you have to select the setup type Custom. The installa­tion program recommends the default directory 'C: \Program Files\'. Click the Change button to select another direc­tory. Confirm with OK. The target directory will be cre­ated if it does not exist yet.
Click the Next button and in the following win-
dow the Install button to start the installation.
The NOMEX software will be installed.
Figure 7: Program Maintenance window
The Program Maintenance window offers the fol­lowing options.
Modify not needed with this software
Repair to check and repair the installation
Remove to uninstall the software
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Operating Manual - Installing, Starting, and Exiting the NOMEX Software

2.4 Data Backup and Restoring a Backup

To avoid loss of data, e.g. in case of a computer crash, it is recommended to make data backups at regular intervals.
The data are located, for example, in the directory '<PTW documents>\Nomex\Data'.
NOTE
To avoid loss of data when moving data to another directory, it is recommended to do so using the Copy/Paste and Delete functions rather than Cut and Paste.

2.5 Storage of Data

When you store data, please keep in mind that you write them only to completely accessible directories. Otherwise, Windows Vista and Win­dows 7 will store the data in a virtual directory ("virtualization"). These data in the selected stor­age path will no longer be visible to other users or Windows Explorer.
Depending on the operating system of your PC, the PTW specific files will be stored in the follow­ing directories:
<PTW documents> e.g. demo data, measurement data, or evalu­ation data
– Windows XP:
'C:\Documents and Settings\ All Users\Shared Documents\PTW'
– Windows Vista / Windows 7:
'C:\Users\Public\Public Documents\PTW'
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Operating Manual - Installing, Starting, and Exiting the NOMEX Software

2.6 Starting

Click the Windows Start button
Program FilesPTWNOMEXNOMEX icon.
The main screen of the software (see section 5
"Main Screen") will be displayed.

2.7 Exiting

Exiting the NOMEX software can be done in sev­eral different ways:
Click menu FileExit or
Press the standard Windows hot-key
sequence Alt+F4 or
Double-click the program icon in the title bar of
the main screen or
Click the Windows button in the title bar of the main screen.
If the software contains data that have not yet been saved, an appropriate message will be dis­played and you will be given the option to save these data.
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NOMEX
Operating Manual - Putting the NOMEX Multimeter into Service

3 Putting the NOMEX Multimeter into Service

3.1 Connecting the NOMEX Multimeter

CAUTION
Use of USB cables not approved by PTW.
Malfunction!
Only use the USB cables (USB cable L178089 or USB active extension cable L178088) sup­plied with the NOMEX multimeter to connect it to the PC. Otherwise, correct communication, which is the basis for proper operation, cannot be guaranteed. Do not use more than 4 of the USB active extension cables with a length of 5 m each.
NOTE
Do not connect more than one NOMEX multi­meter to the PC because the NOMEX software can only communicate with the first device it detects.
Furthermore, the NOMEX software does not offer the possibility to search for multiple, con­nected devices and to select the appropriate device.
NOTE
The PTW info file "NOMEX_Multimeter.inf" for the USB driver of the NOMEX multimeter is part of the NOMEX software. The file is copied to the folder 'C:\WINDOWS\inf' during the instal­lation of the NOMEX software.
When you first connect the NOMEX multime­ter to the PC, the corresponding USB driver is automatically configured by means of this info file.
PTW recommends configuring the USB driver only the first time and selecting automatic con­figuration.
The USB driver configuration starts.
The Windows logo test is running first and this
test fails. PTW guarantees that the NOMEX multimeter does not impair the functioning of your PC.
Acknowledge the warning by clicking the Con-
tinue installation button.
The USB driver configuration continues.
Follow the prompts displayed on the screen to
Connect the NOMEX multimeter (USB port 4,
Figure 2) to a USB port of the PC where the
NOMEX software has been installed. To do so, use one of the supplied USB cables (USB cable L178089 or USB active extension cable L178088).
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perform the configuration.
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Operating Manual - Putting the NOMEX Multimeter into Service
The USB driver will be configured.
The NOMEX multimeter will automatically be
activated and initialized.
The NOMEX multimeter is then ready for mea-
surement. Once the NOMEX software has started, the status LED (3, Figure 2) is illumi­nated green.
NOTE
If you connect the NOMEX multimeter via two, three, or four USB active extension cables L178088 while the NOMEX software is started, this can lead to communication problems between the NOMEX software and the NOMEX multimeter. In this case, exit and restart the NOMEX software so that the USB connection will be detected again and the communication between the NOMEX software and the NOMEX multimeter will be re-established.

3.2 Positioning the NOMEX Multimeter

3.2.1 Radiography, Fluoroscopy, Dental X-Ray, and Mammography
For a measurement, the measurement area of the NOMEX multimeter must be located in the radia­tion beam of the X-ray unit and the detector area must be fully irradiated (gray area in Figure 8).
Figure 8: Measurement area for RAD/FLU/
DENT and MAM applications
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Operating Manual - Putting the NOMEX Multimeter into Service
3.2.2 Computed Tomography and Dental Panoramic X-Ray
For CT and DENT-PAN applications, the bar with a width of approx. 1 mm is used (4, Figure 4) that identifies the center of the 3 mm wide measure­ment area. The measurement area must be fully
irradiated (gray area in Figure 9).
CAUTION
NOMEX multimeter measurements in the pres­ence of rotating radiation.
Erroneous Measurements!
Rotation of CT and DENT-PAN X-ray units is not permitted. The X-ray tube should be oper­ated in the so-called topogram or service mode and be positioned vertically above the NOMEX multimeter.
The NOMEX multimeter always needs to be positioned in a permanently irradiated area. A rotating field of radiation will lead to erroneous measurements.
Measurement on CT Systems in the Presence of Rotating Radiation:
If the rotation of the CT tube and the treatment table cannot be deactivated (service mode), the NOMEX multimeter cannot be used to perform measurements.
Figure 9: Measurement area for CT and
DENT-PAN applications
Remedy:
CT systems can also be used to create two­dimensional X-ray images. For this purpose, the tube moves to 12 o'clock where it stops and the treatment table travels slowly through the gantry.
Choose a small pitch.
Move the treatment table out of the gantry as
far as possible.
Place the NOMEX multimeter at the bottom of
the gantry.
With this method, neither the NOMEX multime-
ter nor the X-ray tube will move and the mea­surement can be performed.
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Operating Manual - Putting the NOMEX Multimeter into Service
Measurement on Dental Panoramic Units in the Presence of Rotating Radiation:
With this type of equipment it must also be assured that the NOMEX multimeter is always fully irradiated statically when the rotation cannot be avoided, i.e., the NOMEX multimeter must fol­low the rotating movement. For this purpose, you can use the NOMEX multimeter holder T20016, for example (refer to section 13.1.2 "Using the
NOMEX Multimeter Holder T20016").
NOMEX
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NOMEX
Operating Manual - Quick Start (Workflow)

4 Quick Start (Workflow)

1. Connect the NOMEX multimeter to the PC and
set it up at the measuring site
2. Start the NOMEX software
3. Configure the basic NOMEX software settings:
menu SetupDisplay and Audio
4. Select the application:
menu SetupMultimeterApplication
5. Configure the measurement:
menu SetupMeasurementSensitivity
Mode
menu SetupMeasurementTimer menu SetupMeasurementRanging
6. Perform the measurement
– Auto-start/auto-stop mode:
measurement starts when a signal is detected measurement ends when no signal is detected
8. Archive measurement data
– Print measurement data:
Print measurements button
– Export all measurement data:
menu FileExport all
– Export selected measurement data:
Export selected measurements button
– Export displayed waveform:
Export waveform button
– Copy selected measurement data to the
clipboard: Copy selected values button
– Copy displayed waveform:
Copy waveform data button
– Manually start/stop measurement:
Start measurement button Stop measurement button
7. Save measurement data:
Save button
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5 Main Screen

NOMEX
Operating Manual - Main Screen
Figure 10: NOMEX software main screen with measuring table
1
Title bar
2
Menu bar
3
Toolbar
4
Measuring window of the NOMEX multimeter (refer to section 5.1 "NOMEX Software Mea-
suring Window")
5
Selected (highlighted) measurement in the measuring table
6
Selected (highlighted) column in the measur­ing table
7
Main data window with measuring table
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Statistical evaluation of the column high­lighted in the measuring table, indicating
Mean value
Standard deviation
Coefficient of variation
9
Status bar
a
indicating NOMEX multimeter connection status
b
showing the path and name of the loaded file
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NOMEX
Operating Manual - Main Screen
Figure 11: NOMEX software main screen with waveform
1
Title bar
2
Menu bar
3
Toolbar
4
Measuring window of the NOMEX multimeter (refer to section 5.1 "NOMEX Software Mea-
suring Window")
5
Main data window with waveform
6
Current position of the crosshairs
7
Measured value corresponding to the current position of the crosshairs on the waveform graph
8
Status bar
a
indicating NOMEX multimeter connection status
b
showing the path and name of the loaded file
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Operating Manual - Main Screen
Legally Calibrated NOMEX Multimeters
NOTE
The type approval demands that the NOMEX software be displayed in the foreground at all times.
If the device is legally calibrated and the measur­ing window contains measured values, it is not possible to position the NOMEX software window outside the visible range or to superimpose other programs.

5.1 NOMEX Software Measuring Window

Measuring Mode
Figure 12: NOMEX multimeter measuring win-
dow in the NOMEX software
1
Status line with
a
current application and current sensitivity mode
b
current measurement setting or menu item When you move the mouse cursor over the measurement setting, the timer set­tings will be displayed in the form of a tooltip.
2
Display of the measurement data or of the Setup menu
3
Toolbar of the measuring window
4
Status LED (for explanations, refer to section 5.1.1 "Status LED in the NOMEX
Software Measuring Window")
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Operating Manual - Main Screen
Display Mode
The NOMEX measuring window will be auto­matically in display mode if stored measurement data are loaded. For further information, refer to section 7.6 "Loading Stored Measurement Data".
5.1.1 Status LED in the NOMEX Software Measuring Window
(refer to Status LED 4, Figure 12)
Function LED indica-
tion
The NOMEX multimeter is inactive, i.e., it is not con­nected to the PC and, there­fore, is not powered.
Establishing a communication link via USB
The NOMEX multimeter is ready for measurement.
Measurement in progress blinking green
Measured values are being determined.
The NOMEX multimeter is not ready for measurement because the device is being set up via the NOMEX soft­ware.
none
illuminated blue
illuminated green
blinking blue
illuminated red
Error condition of the NOMEX multimeter Exception error, refer to section 11.1.2 "Other Error
Messages"
blinking red
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NOMEX
Operating Manual - Main Screen

5.2 Icons

5.2.1 Explanation of the Main Screen Toolbar Icons
Open file
Save data
Delete all currently displayed measure­ment data
Print measurements or waveform graph
Copy measuring window to clipboard
Display waveform graph
Export waveform data or selected mea­sured values
Copy waveform data or selected mea­sured values to clipboard
5.2.2 Explanation of the Measuring Window Status Bar Icons
Sensitivity Mode Normal is activated
Sensitivity Mode High is activated
Sensitivity Mode Heavily Filtered is acti­vated
Measurement sampling
Start delay is activated
Display measuring table
Display next measurement
Display previous measurement
Display tube voltage waveform graph
Display dose rate waveform graph
Enlarge a section of the waveform graph
Resize waveform graph to standard size
Stop delay is activated
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Operating Manual - Main Screen
5.2.3 Explanation of the Measuring Window Toolbar Icons
Start measurement manually
Stop measurement manually
Zeroing
Cancel measurement and reset mea­sured values to zero
Display Setup menu
Display measuring window with mea­surement data
Display previous menu
5.2.4 Explanation of the Setup Menu Icons
Submenu exists
Menu item selected and submenu exists
Parameter or option selected
Parameter or option not selected
Application configuration menu
RAD/FLU/DENT application
CT application
Display calibration and detector informa­tion
DENT-PAN application
MAM application
A compression paddle is used for MAM applications
No compression paddle is used for MAM applications
Measurement configuration menu
Sensitivity mode configuration menu
Sensitivity mode - Normal
Sensitivity mode - High
Sensitivity mode - Heavily filtered
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Operating Manual - Main Screen
Measurement timer configuration menu
Measurement sampling
Start delay (delay before measurement starts)
Stop delay (delay before measurement stops)
Measuring range configuration menu
kV measuring range
TF measuring range
Buttons to start/stop a measurement manually
Display and audio menu
Icons on Legally Calibrated Devices:
NOMEX multimeter is legally calibrated
RAD/FLU/DENT application is legally calibrated
RAD/FLU/DENT application is not legally calibrated
CT application is legally calibrated
CT application is not legally calibrated
DENT-PAN application is legally cali­brated
DENT-PAN application is not legally cal­ibrated
MAM application is legally calibrated
Language
Introduction (Intro)
Beep
MAM application is not legally calibrated
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Operating Manual - Main Screen
5.2.5 Explanation of Warning and Error Icons
Warning Measured value with reduced accuracy The measuring error is ≥ 5 %.
or
Error The system is not able to determine the measured value. This icon is always accompanied by an error message. For further information, refer to section 11.1.1 "Error Messages of
the Measured Quantities".
Severe error This icon is always displayed in an error window. For further information, refer to section 11.1.2 "Other Error Messages".

5.3 Context Menu

Context menus are available for important and special functions. Context menus are activated with a right mouse click. The program offers dif­ferent context menus for the different windows.

5.4 Changing the Presentation of Measurement Data

5.4.1 Measuring Table and Waveform Positions
To display the measuring table, select
menu View → Table or click the follow- ing button.
To display the waveform, select menu
ViewWaveform or click the follow­ing button.
To display the tube voltage wave-
form, select menu ViewWave­formTube Voltage or click the fol-
lowing button.
To display the dose rate wave-
form, select menu ViewWave­formDose Rate or click the follow-
ing button.
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Operating Manual - Main Screen
5.4.2 Determining the Dose Unit
The dose or dose rate can be displayed in Gray [Gy] or Roentgen [R] units.
To display the units [Gy] or [Gy/s], select menu
View Dose unit [Gy].
To display the units [R] or [R/s], select menu
View Dose unit [R].
NOTE
The units [R] and [R/s] are not available on legally calibrated devices.
5.4.3 Determining the Type of Tube Voltage Displayed
After the measurement, the following values are determined for the tube voltage:
– mean peak voltage (mean kVp)
The mean kVp corresponds to the mean value of the upper 10 % of the highest measured tube voltages.
– maximum peak voltage (maximum kVp)
The maximum kVp corresponds to the highest measured tube voltage that has been recorded 5 times.
– practical peak voltage (PPV)
The PPV is calculated according to the algo­rithm of IEC 61676.
One of these values can be selected for display:
To display the mean peak voltage, select menu
View Tube VoltageMean kVp.
To display the maximum peak voltage, select
menu View Tube Voltage → Max. kVp.
To display the practical peak voltage, select
menu View Tube Voltage → PPV.
or
Continue clicking the appropriate row in the
measuring window until the desired value is displayed.
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Operating Manual - Main Screen
5.4.4 Changing the Display Format of the Measuring Table
Hiding Columns
In the measuring table, click the header(s) of
the column(s) to hide.
The columns will be highlighted.
Select the Hide columns context menu.
The highlighted columns will be hidden.
This function can be applied repeatedly.
Showing All Columns
Select the Show all columns context menu.
All columns will be displayed.
Determining the Row Header
The following titles can be used as row headers of the measuring table:
Number of the measurement:
To choose this title, select context menu Row headerMeasurement number.
Date of the measurement:
To choose this title, select context menu Row headerMeasurement date.
The row header can also be selected on the Table tab of the Options menu (refer to section 10.4
"Measuring Table Options").
Determining the Value Presentation
The measured values can be displayed in two ways:
Presentation in technical notation:
To choose this presentation, select context menu Value presentationTechnical nota- tion.
Presentation with unit prefix:
To choose this presentation, select context menu Value presentationValue with unit.
The type of presentation can also be selected on the Table tab of the Options menu (refer to section 10.4 "Measuring Table Options").
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Operating Manual - NOMEX Multimeter Setup

6 NOMEX Multimeter Setup

6.1 General Information

The following settings can be selected in the Setup menu of the NOMEX software:
– device and detector settings
– measurement settings
– user interface settings (e.g. the language).
All these settings are stored in the non-volatile memory of the NOMEX multimeter, which means they are retained even when the device is switched off.
NOMEX
Select a menu item by clicking the correspond-
ing line.
Upon the connection of a NOMEX multimeter, its settings will automatically be loaded.
In the measuring window, click the
Setup button.
The Setup menu will be displayed:
Figure 13: Setup menu
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Operating Manual - NOMEX Multimeter Setup
6.1.1 Changing the Setup
We distinguish between three kinds of settings:
– editing numeric values
– selecting a value from a dropdown list
– enabling and disabling an option.
6.1.1.1 Editing Numeric Values
Click the setting you want to change.
Delete the numbers that are not needed with
the backspace key or with the Del key.
Enter the new value.
or
Doubleclick the setting you want to change.
The background of the value turns blue.
6.1.1.2 Selecting Values from a Dropdown List
Figure 14: Example showing the sampling time
dropdown list
Click the dropdown list.
The dropdown list opens.
Click the desired value.
6.1.1.3 Enabling and Disabling Options
A red cross identifies the options that are disabled.
Click the option you want to enable.
Enter the new value.
The option will be enabled and is iden-
tified with a green check mark.
Click the option again to disable it.
The option will be disabled and is
identified with a red cross again.
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6.2 Detector Menu

In the Setup menu, click the Multime-
ter line.
The Multimeter - Application menu for the
NOMEX multimeter will be displayed:
Figure 15: Multimeter - Application menu
The following settings can be performed in the Multimeter - Application menu:
– selection of the NOMEX multimeter application
– display of the NOMEX multimeter calibration
and detector information.
6.2.1 Selecting the Application
The Multimeter - Application menu will be dis­played.
Click the application that you want to select:
– RAD/FLU/DENT – CT – DENT-PAN – MAM
The selected application will be iden-
tified with a green check mark.
The MAM application requires further settings
to be performed. To access these settings, click the MAM line.
Select or deselect the Compression Paddle
function. This setting ensures that the values obtained by a measurement with a com­pression paddle are corrected.
Click the beam quality you want to use:
– Mo / 30 µm Mo – Mo / 0.5 mm Al – Mo / 25 µm Rh – W / 50 µm Rh – Rh / 25 µm Rh – W / 50 µm Ag – W / 0.7 mm Al
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6.2.2 Display of the Calibration and Detector Information
The Multimeter - Application menu will be dis­played.
To view the NOMEX multimeter cali-
bration and detector information, click the Calibration and detector informa- tion button.
The following calibration and detector information will be displayed:
– device manufacturer
– device name
– type number of the device
– serial number of the device
– date of the next device calibration
– hardware version
– firmware version
– bootloader version
– device model
– calibration data
The following calibration conditions are dis­played separately for each application:
– tube voltage
– anode material
– total filtration
– half value layer (HVL)
– calibration factor (Nk)
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6.3 Measurement Setup

In the Setup menu, click the Measure-
ment line.
The Measurement menu will be displayed:
– Timer settings in the corresponding submenu:
– Measurement sampling
– Start delay (delay before measurement
starts)
– Stop delay (delay before measurement
stops).
– Selection of the measuring ranges in the cor-
responding submenu:
– kV range (measuring range of the tube volt-
age)
– TF range (measuring range of the total fil-
tration).
– Show/hide button to start/stop a measurement
manually. In sensitivity mode Normal, the button for per­forming the zero adjustment manually will also be shown or hidden hereby.
Figure 16: Measurement menu
Select the desired menu item by clicking the
corresponding line.
The following settings can be performed in the Measurement menu:
– Selection of the sensitivity mode in the corre-
sponding submenu:
– Normal
– High
– Heavily Filtered.
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Operating Manual - NOMEX Multimeter Setup
6.3.1 Sensitivity Mode
The following settings are available in the Sensitivity Mode menu:
Normal
The sensitivity mode Normal is the stan­dard measuring mode of the NOMEX multimeter.
High
The sensitivity mode High is intended for measuring low dose rates (< 5 µGy/s) at direct current/high frequency tube volt­ages (DC/HF). The recommended mini­mum measuring time is 5 seconds.
In this mode the measurement sampling and the start delay in submenu Timer cannot be config­ured.
Heavily Filtered
The sensitivity mode Heavily Filtered is intended for measuring low dose rates (< 5 µGy/s) at direct current/ high frequency tube voltages (DC/HF) and heavily filtered radiation qualities (TF > 1 mm Cu). The recommended min­imum measuring time is 5 seconds.
In this mode, the following measurement settings in the submenus Timer and Ranging cannot be configured: – Measurement sampling – Start delay – kV range – TF range.
In the sensitivity mode Heavily Filtered only the following measuring quantities are available: – Dose rate during the measurement
1)
– Dose – Exposure time.
In this mode, the time resolution is 0.5 sec.
In addition, the following measuring quantities are not available: – Mean dose rate after the measurement
1)
– Dose per pulse
The sensitivity mode Heavily Filtered makes sense if you intend, for instance, to measure the dose rate in fluoroscopy behind an absorber with
1.5 mm Cu + 25 mm Al.
– Frequency – Pulses.
In the sensitivity mode High the measured values of kVp
max
, kVp
and PPV are identical. The time
mean
For MAM applications, it is not possible to select the sensitivity modes High and Heavily Filtered.
resolution is 0.5 sec.
1 )
In both sensitivity modes "High" and "Heavily Filtered", the current dose rate will be displayed during the measure­ment After the measurement, "---" will be displayed instead of the mean dose rate because of the reduced time resolu­tion of 0.5 seconds.
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6.3.2 Measurement Sampling
The following settings can be made for measurement sampling:
– Measuring time of 3 s at a sampling rate of
2 kHz
– Measuring time of 6 s at a sampling rate of
1 kHz
– Measuring time of 12 s at a sampling rate of
500 Hz
– Measuring time of 24 s at a sampling rate of
250 Hz
– Measuring time of 60 s at a sampling rate of
100 Hz.
In the sensitivity modes High and Heavily Filtered, you cannot adjust the measurement sampling. It is set to a measuring time of 3000 s at a sampling rate of 2 Hz.
6.3.3 Start Delay
A start delay (delay before the measure­ment starts) in a range from 0 ms to 9999 ms can be adjusted.
The start delay is the period of time between the radiation start and data logging start.
Setting a start delay allows you to eliminate the power-up effects of the installation (excessive tube current or tube voltage) from the kV mea­surement result.
The set start delay does not affect the measured dose. It only controls the time when the storage of the dose rate waveform starts.
For the storage of the entire exposure time, the sampling time must be longer than the exposure time. Select a sampling rate that results in an exposure time shorter than the sampling time.
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6.3.4 Stop Delay
If a stop delay (delay before the measure­ment stops) has been set, the NOMEX multimeter waits for this time to elapse after the detection of the automatic end of the measurement. The measurement is then considered completed and is ter­minated.
The following settings are available for the stop delay:
Off,
i.e., the stop delay is automatically set to 100 ms
1 s,
i.e., the stop delay is 1 s
– …
5 s,
i.e., the stop delay is 5 s.
6.3.5 kV Range
The following settings are available for the kV range (tube voltage range):
– automatic adjustment of the kV range Auto
– manual adjustment of the kV range
The automatic adjustment of the kV range is the easiest and most accurate method for the mea­surement of an unknown signal. The NOMEX multimeter automatically determines the correct measuring range. As a general rule, PTW recom­mends performing measurements with the auto­matic kV range setting.
The following kV ranges can be set manually:
RAD/FLU/ DENT [kV]
CT DENT-PAN [kV]
MAM
[kV]
Periods of more than 1 second may be use­ful if, for example, radiation intervals longer than 1 second are expected. This allows the total dose of multiple radiation pulses with long intervals to be measured.
40 … 75 60 … 115 90 … 150
60 … 115 90 … 150
23 … 35
NOTE
At power-up or when the application is changed, the kV range is automatically set to Auto.
For MAM applications, it is not possible to select the kV range.
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Operating Manual - NOMEX Multimeter Setup
The measurable tube voltage (kV) depends on the total filtration and vice versa. For measurable combinations of tube voltage and total filtration, refer to Figure 17. The gray area is the range that is defined by PTW for measuring the tube voltage, dose, and half value layer. It is also possible to perform measurements in the hatched areas. In this case, however, the measurement results may be less accurate.
NOMEX
Figure 17: Measurable combinations of kV and TF for measuring the tube voltage, dose, and half value
layer in sensitivity mode "Normal" or for measuring the dose in sensitivity mode "Heavily Fil­tered"
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6.3.6 TF Range
The following settings are available for the TF range (total filtration range):
Auto,
i.e., automatic detection of the total filtration during a measurement
Manual,
i.e., manual entry of the total filtration
NOTE
At power-up or when the application is changed, the TF range is automatically set to Auto.
NOTE
When the TF range is set to Manual, the total filtration is displayed in gray in the measuring table and on the measuring window. The color gray indicates that the total filtration is not a measured value but rather a set value. The set total filtration value is also displayed in the sta­tus line of the measuring window.
The measurable total filtration depends on the tube voltage (kV) and vice versa. For measurable combinations of tube voltage and total filtration, refer to Figure 18. The gray area is the range that is defined by PTW for measuring the total filtra­tion. It is also possible to perform measurements in the hatched areas. In this case, however, the measurement results may be less accurate.
For MAM applications, it is not possible to select the TF range.
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Figure 18: Measurable combinations of kV and TF for measuring the total filtration
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6.3.7 Start/Stop
The NOMEX multimeter is normally used in the auto-start/auto-stop mode. If needed, a measure­ment can be manually started and stopped when the button for the manual start and manual termi­nation of the measurement is visible on the mea­suring window.
You can show and hide this button by enabling and disabling the Start / Stop option.
NOTE
If you have disabled the Start / Stop option, the Zeroing button will be hid­den in sensitivity mode Normal. Thus, zeroing manually is no longer possi­ble in this mode. For further informa­tion, refer to section 7.3.4 "Zero Adjust-
ment".
Manual Start/Stop:
When the Start / Stop option is enabled, the button for the manual start and manual termination of the measurement is visible on the measuring window.
Start measurement manually
Stop measurement manually
Auto-Start/Auto-Stop:
The NOMEX multimeter is permanently in auto­start mode. This means that a measurement starts automatically when a signal is detected. For dose measurements, the dose and time val­ues are first set to zero (auto reset).
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6.4 Display and Audio Setup

In the Setup menu, click the Display
and Audio line.
The Display and Audio menu will be displayed:
Figure 19: Display and Audio menu
Select the desired menu item by clicking the
corresponding line.
6.4.1 Language
The menus, dialogs, and messages can be displayed in different languages.
The following languages can be selected:
– German
– English
– French
– Spanish
– Portuguese
– Italian
– Russian
– Chinese
– Japanese.
6.4.2 Introduction (Intro)
If the Intro option is enabled, an intro will be displayed on the start screen dur­ing initialization and during the automatic selftest.
The following settings can be performed in the Display and Audio menu:
– selection of the language
– enabling or disabling the introduction
– enabling or disabling the audio signal (beep)
6.4.3 Beep
If the Beep option is enabled, the system will emit an audio signal to acknowledge the activation of buttons or the end of a measurement (when new measured val­ues are available).
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Operating Manual - Measurements with the NOMEX Multimeter

7 Measurements with the NOMEX Multimeter

7.1 Preparing Measurements

RAD/FLU/DENT and MAM Applications
The measurement area of the NOMEX multimeter must be located in the radiation beam of the X-ray unit and the detector area must be fully irradi-
ated (refer to Figure 8).
CT or DENT-PAN Application
The measurement area with a width of 3 mm must be fully irradiated (gray area in Figure 9). The bar with a width of approx. 1 mm (4, Figure 4) indi- cates the center of the measurement area.
NOTE
To obtain the most accurate kV measurement results possible, the dose rate selected on the X-ray unit should not be too small. The NOMEX software does not require any special settings, because the NOMEX multimeter automatically selects the optimal dose rate measuring range.
During irradiation, the tube voltage value in kV is determined for an exposure time corresponding to the maximum storage time. The maximum stor­age time depends on the selected sampling rate, e.g. maximum storage time of 3.2 s at a sampling rate of 2 kHz. Only the values stored in the log memory are taken into account in the calculation of the kV measured value. Dose and time are measured continuously. All readings are updated at 0.5 s intervals.
NOTE
Rotation of the CT and DENT-PAN X-ray units is not permitted. The X-ray tube must be posi­tioned vertically above the NOMEX multimeter.
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7.2 Verifying the Settings Before a Measurement

1. The application selected in the NOMEX soft-
ware is appropriate for the X-ray unit used (RAD, FLU, DENT, MAM, CT, DENT-PAN).
2. In the NOMEX software, the total filtration
is set to Auto or to a filtration value which corresponds to the filtration of the X-ray unit (e.g. 3 mm Al).
3. The detector area of the NOMEX multimeter is
located at the center of the irradiated field and is fully irradiated.
4. The dose rate is within the measuring range of
the NOMEX multimeter.
5. The sensitivity mode set in the NOMEX soft-
ware matches the dose rate to check.
NOTE
As a matter of course, the measuring time should be proportionately longer with a higher ripple and smaller ripple frequency of the tube voltage waveform. Experience has shown that optimal results are obtained with measuring times ≥ 100 ms. If in doubt it is recommended to verify the measurement results for shorter measuring times at approx. 100 ms.
NOTE
Please refer to section 6 "NOMEX Multimeter
Setup" for information about the required set-
tings for the intended measurement.
6. The sampling rate set in the NOMEX software
matches the desired storage time.
7. In case of excessive voltage or current, a start
delay has been set at the NOMEX multimeter.
8. The exposure time set on the X-ray unit is suf-
ficient for an accurate measurement.
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7.3 Performing the Measurement

7.3.1 Starting the Measurement
CAUTION
Operation under unsuitable ambient conditions or when the NOMEX multimeter is moved.
Erroneous Measurements!
The NOMEX multimeter is a highly sensitive multi-channel semiconductor detector. For this reason, cosmic radiation as well as moving the NOMEX multimeter are capable of starting a measurement.
Auto-Start:
The NOMEX multimeter is permanently in auto­start mode. This means that a measurement begins as soon as a signal is detected. Before, however, all parameter readings will be set to zero (auto-reset).
7.3.2 Readouts During the Measurement
The display is updated at 0.5 s intervals.
NOTE
The displayed Dose per Pulse result is a value averaged over all pulses of the sequence. Therefore, a change of the dose rate during the measurement will cause erroneous readouts.
7.3.3 Stopping the Measurement
Auto-Stop:
A measurement initiated with auto-start ends automatically when no measuring signal is detected for a period longer than the stop delay. It is not possible to stop the measurement manually.
By clicking the Reset measurement but­ton on the measuring window, you can abort the measurement and reset the measured values to zero.
Manual Start:
If the Start / Stop option in the Measure­ment menu is enabled, a measurement can also be started by clicking the Start measurement button on the measuring
window.
Manual Stop:
A measurement started manually must be stopped with the Stop measurement button on the measuring window.
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7.3.4 Zero Adjustment
In sensitivity mode Normal, an automatic zero adjustment is performed after each automati­cally triggered measurement (auto-start/auto-stop mode).
No zero adjustment is performed after having manually started and stopped measurements and the measured values are corrected with the val­ues of the previous zero adjustment.
If a successful zero adjustment is not possible after a measurement, a corresponding message will be displayed and the subsequent measured values are corrected with the values of the previ­ous zero adjustment.
As an alternative, initiate the zero adjust­ment manually by clicking the Zeroing button. Do not move the NOMEX multi­meter during the zero adjustment. You can also initiate the zero adjustment during a running measurement. This, however, will abort the measurement.
7.3.5 Readouts at End of Measurement
After the termination of the measurement, the measured values are stored. Storing a large num­ber of measured values may take a few seconds. During this period, the LED at the NOMEX multi­meter and on the measuring window blinks blue (refer to sections 1.3 "Status LED on the NOMEX
Multimeter" and 5.1.1 "Status LED in the NOMEX Software Measuring Window").
Upon completion of the measurement, the mea­surement data will be displayed depending on the selected application according to Table 1.
In both sensitivity modes High and Heavily Fil- tered, the current dose rate will be displayed dur­ing the measurement. After the measurement, the mean dose rate dis­play can vary because of the reduced time reso­lution of 0.5 seconds.
The measurement data to be displayed can be selected on the Displayed values tab of the Options menu.
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Dose rate 2)
Dose 2)
3)
NOMEX
Operating Manual - Measurements with the NOMEX Multimeter
Application
RAD/FLU/DENT CT DENT-PAN MAM
3)
X X X X
1)
X X X X
Mean kVp, maximum kVp or PPV (selectable)
Exposure time 2)
Half value layer (HVL)
Total filtration (TF)
2)
3)
2)
2)
X X X X
X X X X
X X X X
X X X
Dose per pulse X X X
Pulse frequency X X X
Pulses X X X
Tube voltage waveform 2)
Dose rate waveform
3)
3)
X X X X
X X X X
Table 1: Available measurement data in sensitivity mode Normal depending on the application
1 )
For MAM applications, the sensitivity modes "High" and "Heavily Filtered" are not possible.
2 )
Possible measurement data in sensitivity mode "High"
3 )
Possible measurement data in sensitivity mode "Heavily Filtered"
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7.3.5.1 Measurements with Very Short Exposure Times
The measuring amplifiers of the NOMEX multime­ter are always set to autoranging for the sensitiv­ity of all channels. During the measurement, the measuring amplifiers will switch to a higher range if needed. A short exposure time combined with the required adaptation of the measuring range for dose measurements may thus lead to results with reduced accuracy. In this case, repeat the mea­surement.
When evaluating the measured data at the end of the measurement, the NOMEX multimeter is able to discern whether the exposure time was too short and whether longer exposure times are required due to the dead times resulting from range switching. In this case, the measuring amplifier range that was used last will be retained for subsequent measurements because NOMEX assumes constant signal levels. Thus, measuring with very short exposure times is possible.
7.3.6 Warning and Error Messages
If the measurement accuracy is reduced (measur­ing error ≥ 5 %), the information icon and the fol­lowing warning will be displayed in the status line of the measuring window:
Figure 20: Status line with warning of reduced
accuracy
If the measured values cannot be determined, the information icon and one or several error mes­sages will be displayed in the status line of the measuring window. The measured values will be replaced by "---".
Figure 21: Staus line with an error message
when the measured values cannot be determined
For further information, refer to section 11.1.1
"Error Messages of the Measured Quantities".
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7.3.7 Session Comment
By default, the NOMEX multimeter settings are saved as comments with each measurement.
If you want to enter another comment, click the
appropriate measurement data set in the mea­suring table and select the Edit comment con­text menu.
The Edit comment dialog will be displayed.
Enter the desired comment and click OK.

7.4 Determining the Measured Values

Sensitivity Mode Normal
During the measurement, the measured values are stored in the internal log memory.
From the values stored in the memory, the pro­gram determines the measurement results for the following parameters:
– mean peak voltage (mean kVp)
– maximum peak voltage (maximum kVp)
– practical peak voltage (PPV)
– half value layer (HVL)
– tube voltage waveform
– dose rate waveform.
With the maximum sampling rate of 2 kHz, the memory depth (maximum measuring time) is
3.2 seconds. When the memory is full, the subse-
quent measured values will not be included in the determination of the measured value.
NOTE
If all values measured over a long exposure time are to be included in the determination of the measured value, make sure to set a match­ing sampling rate.
Example: measurement over a total exposure time of 10 seconds, with a radiation of 100 kV in the first 5 seconds and a radiation of 150 kV in the last 5 seconds. At a sampling rate of 2 kHz, only the first
3.2 seconds would be included in the measured value and the kVp result would be 100 kV.
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Determination of the measured dose quantities is independent of the memory. The measured dose quantities are determined over the entire expo­sure time.
Sensitivity Modes High and Heavily Filtered
In the sensitivity modes High and Heavily Filtered, the determination of the measured values is inde­pendent of the memory. The measured values are determined over the entire exposure time.
The values of mean peak voltage (mean kVp), maximum peak voltage (maximum kVp), and practical peak voltage (PPV) are identical.

7.5 Saving Measurement Data

To save measurement data, click
the Save button or select menu FileSave or → Save as.
With menu FileSave, you overwrite the
open file.
With menu FileSave as, you create a new
file.
When creating a new file, enter a file name and
directory in the standard Save dialog. You can overwrite existing files or create new files.
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7.6 Loading Stored Measurement Data

To load stored measurement data,
click the Open button or select menu FileOpen.
NOMEX
By clicking the Next button
– the next measurement will be high-
lighted in the measuring table or the waveform graph of the next message will be displayed in the main data window
Select the file to open from the standard Open
dialog.
NOMEX will check whether the application and
the measurement settings of the data to load match the current settings.
If the application does not match, an appro-
priate message will appear. Confirm the mes­sage with OK.
The file will be loaded, overwriting the currently
displayed measurement data. If the currently displayed data were not yet saved, a message will appear and you can save them, if required.
In the main data window, either the current
measurement will be highlighted in the mea­suring table or the waveform graph of the cur­rent message will be displayed.
The measuring window will show the mea-
sured values of the current measurement.
– the measuring window will show
the measured values of the next measurement.
By clicking the Previous button
– the previous measurement will be
highlighted in the measuring table or the waveform graph of the pre­vious message will be displayed in the main data window
– the measuring window will show
the measured values of the previ­ous measurement.
By clicking the Reset measurement or
by changes in the menu Setup (Setup button) all measured values will be set to 0.
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Operational Readiness of the NOMEX System when Data are Loaded
1. If the application of the loaded data does not match the current settings, the application shown in the status line of the measuring win­dow will be grayed out.
The current settings will be preserved and
you can still perform measurements with these settings.
When you perform a new measurement,
the currently displayed measurements will be discarded and a new data set will be created. If the currently displayed measure­ments were not yet saved, a message will appear and you can save them, if required.
2. If the measurement settings of the loaded data do not completely match the current settings, the settings shown in the status line of the measuring window will be grayed out.
The current settings will be preserved and
you can still perform measurements with these settings.
When you perform a new measurement, it
will be appended to the currently displayed measurements.

7.7 Deleting Measurement Data

7.7.1 Deleting All Measurement Data
To remove all measurement data from
the display, click the Delete measure­ments and reset display button.
The measurement data will be deleted right
away without any further confirmation.
If the existing data are not yet saved, a warning
will appear and you can save them, if required.
7.7.2 Deleting Individual Measurement Data
In the measuring table, click the measurement
data set(s) to delete.
Select menu Edit → Delete selected measure-
ments or context menu Delete selected mea­surements or press the Del key.
After confirmation of the prompt, the selected
data will be removed from the measurement table.
Save the changes as described in section 7.5
"Saving Measurement Data".
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Operating Manual - Exporting and Copying Measurement Data

8 Exporting and Copying Measurement Data

8.1 Exporting Measurement Data

The NOMEX software allows you to export the measurement data in the CSV or XML format. A CSV file can be opened directly with a spread­sheet program, such as Microsoft Excel.
NOTE
When importing CSV files in Microsoft Excel, you may encounter the following problems:
– The data are not properly left or right-justi-
fied. Cause: Justification depends on the setting in Microsoft Excel.
– The decimal point or comma representation
of decimal numbers is not correct. Cause: NOMEX exports the decimal point or comma format as required by the selected NOMEX language. Microsoft Excel, how­ever, uses the language of the operating system. If possible, set NOMEX to the language of the operating system.
8.1.1 Exporting All Measurement Data
Select menu FileExport all.
In the standard Save as dialog, enter a file
name and the directory and select the file for­mat. You can overwrite existing files or create new files.
All measurement data are exported in the CSV
or XML format.
8.1.2 Exporting Individual Measurement Data sets
Condition: The measuring table is displayed in the main data window.
In the measuring table, click the measurement
data sets to export.
To export the selected measurement
data sets, click the Export selected measurements button.
In the standard Save as dialog, enter a file
name and the directory and select the file for­mat. You can overwrite existing files or create new files.
The selected measurement data sets are
exported in the CSV or XML format.
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8.1.3 Exporting the Displayed Waveform
Condition: The waveform to export is displayed in the main data window.
To export the selected waveform, click
the Export waveform button or select menu FileExport all.
In the standard Save as dialog, enter a file
name and the directory and select the data for­mat. You can overwrite existing files or create new files.
The measured values of the selected wave-
form are exported in the CSV or XML format.

8.2 Copying Measurement Data

The NOMEX software allows you to copy mea­surement data to the clipboard. From the clip­board, the data can be pasted to another program (e.g., a spreadsheet program or an editor).
NOTE
When pasting data from the clipboard to Microsoft Excel, you may encounter the follow­ing problems:
– The data are not properly left or right-justi-
fied. Cause: Justification depends on the setting in Microsoft Excel.
– The decimal point or comma representation
of decimal numbers is not correct. Cause: NOMEX exports the decimal point or comma format as required by the selected NOMEX language. Microsoft Excel, how­ever, uses the language of the operating system. If possible, set NOMEX to the language of the operating system.
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8.2.1 Copying Individual Measured Values
Condition: The measuring table is displayed in the main data window.
In the measuring table, click the measured val-
ues to copy.
To copy the selected measure-
ment data sets, click the Copy selected values button or select menu EditCopy selected values.
The selected measured values are copied to
the clipboard.
8.2.2 Copying the Measured Values of the Displayed Waveform
8.2.3 Copying the Measuring Window
Click the Copy measuring window
button.
The content of the measuring window (mea-
surement data or menu) is copied to the clip­board.
Condition: The waveform to copy is displayed in the main data window.
To copy the selected waveform, click
the Copy waveform data button or select menu EditCopy waveform data.
The measured values of the selected wave-
form are copied to the clipboard.
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Operating Manual - Printing Measurement Data

9 Printing Measurement Data

NOMEX
NOTE
To ensure that Japanese, Chinese, and Russ­ian characters are properly printed, Microsoft Excel must be installed on the PC (see section 2.1 "Minimum Hardware Require-
ments").
To print the measurement data, select menu
FilePrint.
To obtain a preview of the measurement data,
select menu FilePrint preview.
The Print dialog will be displayed:
NOTE
If you select an output format for which no appli­cation is installed on the PC (e. g., output for­mat PDF and Adobe Reader is not installed), the print preview will not be shown.
NOTE
After viewing the print preview with Adobe Reader, you must close Adobe Reader or the document. Otherwise, an error message will be displayed when you are trying to view the next print preview because the document that is to be displayed is already open.
To define the page layout, click the Page set-
tings... button.
Click the Print button to print the data or click
the Print preview button to display the print pre- view.
Figure 22: Print dialog (e.g., for the print pre-
view)
Enter the administrative data for the printout or
the print preview.
Select the output format for the printout or the
preview from the list box.
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Operating Manual - NOMEX Software Options

10 NOMEX Software Options

Select the Options menu to display the Options dialog.
The Options dialog comprises four tabs for the fol­lowing topics:
Displayed values:
selection of the values to be displayed in the measuring window for the currently selected application
Demo mode:
selection of the simulation mode
Graphic:
options for the storage of the waveforms
Table:
options for the measuring table
With the Reset button you restore the default set­tings of the currently displayed tab.

10.1 Selecting the Displayed Values

Figure 23: Options dialog - Displayed values tab
On the Displayed values tab, you can select the values to be displayed on the measuring window.
The choices depend on the selected application.
The window on the left shows the currently dis­played values, the window on the right shows the values not currently displayed.
Use the buttons between the two windows to move the values and to determine their order.
Click to move the value selected in the right window to the left window.
Click to move the value selected in the left window to the right window.
Click to move the selected value up.
Click to move the selected value down.
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10.2 Demo Mode

Figure 24: Options dialog - Demo mode tab
On the Demo mode tab, you will find the following options:
You can choose to activate the demo mode when no NOMEX multimeter is connected. In demo mode, there is no communication with the NOMEX multimeter. The NOMEX software simu­lates the measurement.

10.3 Waveform Storage Options

Figure 25: Options dialog - Graphic tab
On the Graphic tab, you can choose the waveform data to be stored: tube voltage waveform or dose rate waveform or both waveforms.
You can choose to simulate a legally calibrated application of the NOMEX multimeter.
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10.4 Measuring Table Options

Figure 26: Options dialog - Table tab
On the Table tab, you will find the following options:
In the Value presentation pane, you determine the display format of values as they are shown in the measuring table:
– Presentation in technical notation – Presentation with unit prefix
In the Row header pane, you determine the row header format that is used in the measuring table:
– Number of the measurement – Date of the measurement.
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Operating Manual - Error Messages and Erroneous Measurements

11 Error Messages and Erroneous Measurements

11.1 Error Messages

11.1.1 Error Messages of the Measured Quantities
If an error occurs during the measurement or eval­uation of the measurement data, the information icon and one or several appropriate error mes­sages will be displayed in the status line of the measuring window. If required, the error mes­sages will be abbreviated.
If the determination of the measured values is not possible for specific measured quantities, the measured values of the quantities concerned will be replaced by "---".
Example: The exposure time is too short.
By clicking the status line, a dialog will be dis­played showing the complete error messages and troubleshooting tips:
Figure 28: Dialog with error message and trou-
bleshooting tip
The dialog will be removed when
– you click the OK button
– you click the Reset button
– radiation is detected
The table below lists all the measured quantities affected by an error.
Figure 27: Measuring window with an error
message when the measured values cannot be determined
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Operating Manual - Error Messages and Erroneous Measurements
Message Measured quantities Cause Remedy
Reduced dose accu­racy
Short exposure time detected
Low dose rate detected
Dose rate Dose Dose per pulse
Dose rate Dose Dose per pulse
Dose rate Dose Dose per pulse
Reduced dose accu­racy, measuring error ≥ 5 %
The exposure time is too short for the required adapta­tion of the measur­ing range (refer also to section 7.3.5.1
"Measurements with Very Short Exposure Times").
NOMEX is in a high measuring range (refer also to section 7.3.5.1
"Measurements with Very Short Exposure Times"). The dose rate
is too low for this mea­suring range.
Repeat the measurement. Increase the dose rate on the X-ray unit. Reduce the distance. Manually set the total filtration in the Measurement menu.
Repeat the measurement.
Repeat the measurement.
Dose rate too high Dose measuring range exceeded
Tube voltage measuring range exceeded
Dose rate Dose Dose per pulse
Tube voltage Total filtration Half value layer
Dose rate too low Dose rate
Dose Dose per pulse
Insufficient kV signal Tube voltage
Total filtration Half value layer
The electronic mea­suring system is out of range.
The electronic mea­suring system is out of range.
Reduce the dose rate on the X-ray unit. Increase the distance. Reduce the tube voltage or tube current.
Increase the dose rate on the X-ray unit. Reduce the distance. Increase the tube voltage or tube current.
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Message Measured quantities Cause Remedy
Unknown radiation quality
Tube voltage too high
Tube voltage Total filtration Half value layer
The radiation quality cannot be determined.
The tube voltage is too high.
Tube voltage too low The tube voltage is too
small.
Exposure time too short
Wrong application or radiation quality
Dose rate Dose Dose per pulse Tube voltage
The exposure time is too short.
The set application does not match the present radiation qual-
ity. Total filtration Half value layer
Manually set the total filtration in the Measurement menu.
Reduce the tube voltage. Select kV auto-ranging.
Increase the tube voltage. Select kV auto-ranging.
Reduce the start delay or increase the exposure time.
Set the correct application and radiation quality in the Mea- surement menu.
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11.1.2 Other Error Messages
All other error messages are displayed in a sepa­rate window as shown in the examples below:
Figure 29: Error message not requiring any con-
firmation
Figure 30: Error message requiring confirmation
The other error messages are composed of these components:
– Icon indicating the severity of the fault (for
explanation of the icons, refer to section 5.2.5
"Explanation of Warning and Error Icons")
If one of the subsequent error messages is per­manently displayed or recurs after you have clicked the OK button, proceed as follows:
Switch the NOMEX multimeter off and on
again by removing and reconnecting the USB cable.
If the error message recurs immediately or
after the next measurement, please contact the PTW Customer Service.
– Error text
OK button to confirm the error message (not
for all error messages)
Error text Icon LED Confirmation Remedy
Zeroing failed Increase stop delay Do not irradiate NOMEX!
Offset values corrupted Recalculating offset values...
Device dataset corrupted Reset to factory default
blinking red with OK but-
blinking red with OK but-
no The error message disappears
automatically. Increase the stop delay. Do not irradiate NOMEX during zero adjustment.
NOMEX has identified corrupted
ton
ton
offset values. After confirmation with the OK button, the offset val­ues will be recalculated.
NOMEX has identified a cor­rupted device data set. After con­firmation with the OK button, the device data set will be reset to the default values.
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Error text Icon LED Confirmation Remedy
Software dataset corrupted Reset to factory default
blinking red with OK but-
ton
NOMEX has identified a cor­rupted software data set. After confirmation with the OK button, the software data set will be reset to the default values.
Communication error E;xx no Proceed as described above.
Fatal error:0x1 Send NOMEX to PTW
blinking red no The device cannot be used any
more. Please contact PTW Customer Service.
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Operating Manual - Error Messages and Erroneous Measurements

11.2 Erroneous Measurements

Problem Cause Remedy
The measured tube voltage was higher than expected.
The measured tube voltage was higher or smaller than expected.
When performing measurements on systems, excessive tube volt­ages may occur at the begin­ning of the exposure. Since the NOMEX multimeter measures the peak voltage, this peak value will be indicated.
The actual total filtration is dif­ferent from the setting on the NOMEX multimeter.
Using the start delay adjustment of the Measurement menu, these start-up over­shoots can be excluded. The NOMEX multimeter will start saving the tube volt­age values only after the start delay has elapsed.
Compare the NOMEX multimeter filter setting with the filtration on the X-ray unit and correct it if necessary.
An X-ray tube's roughness may increase with age and utilization. This leads to additional filtration that must be taken into account when setting the total filtra­tion at the NOMEX multimeter.
The NOMEX multimeter is capable of automatically determining the total filtra­tion. This eliminates the need for manual adjustments.
NOTE: The parameter set on the NOMEX multi­meter is total filtration, not the half value layer.
The wrong calculation is being analyzed. For example, a peak voltage is compared with a PPV calculation.
Using three different computation meth­ods, the NOMEX multimeter determines three kV results: kVp
max
, kVp
mean
and
PPV. (After a measurement, you can read them on the measuring window by repeatedly clicking the measured quan­tity.)
Compared with the start delay, the exposure time is too short. A falling edge is being analyzed.
Reduce the start delay or set it to zero to allow the entire exposure time to be analyzed.
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Problem Cause Remedy
The measured tube volt­age was smaller than expected.
– The measurement
exhibits an extreme field size dependence.
– The measured tube volt-
age was higher or smaller than expected.
– The measured values
shown are completely wrong.
The sensitivity mode High is set. Thus, a mean tube voltage will be determined that is lower than kV
. The measured values for
max
kVp
max
, kVp
and PPV are iden-
mean
tical.
The measurement area of the NOMEX multimeter is not fully irra­diated.
Set the sensitivity mode Normal. The sensitivity mode High is intended for measuring low dose rates at DC/HF tube voltages. The recommended mini­mum measuring time is 5 seconds.
Enlarge the radiation field to the required measurement area at minimum (refer to section 3.2 "Positioning the NOMEX Mul-
timeter").
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Operating Manual - Troubleshooting

12 Troubleshooting

What can I do if…
NOMEX
… the display of the NOMEX software shows artifacts (e.g. text color and background color are similar or identical)?
Check the settings for the display in the control panel:
1. Windows XP:
Select StartSettingsControl PanelDisplay.
Select the Appearance tab.
Select one of the following color schemes. These schemes are recom-
mended by PTW: – Windows Classic – Windows Standard.
2. Windows Vista Business:
Select StartControl Panel → Appearance and Personalization → Per-
sonalizationWindow Color and Appearance.
Select one of the following color schemes. These schemes are recom-
mended by PTW: – Windows Vista - Basic – Windows Classic – Windows Standard.
3. Windows 7:
Select StartControl Panel → Appearance and Personalization → Per-
sonalization.
Select one of the following color schemes. These schemes are recom-
mended by PTW: – Windows 7 - Basic – Windows Classic.
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Operating Manual - NOMEX Multimeter Accessories

13 NOMEX Multimeter Accessories

13.1 NOMEX Multimeter Holder T20016

13.1.1 Description of the NOMEX Multimeter Holder T20016
The NOMEX Multimeter Holder T20016 includes these components:
Figure 31: NOMEX multimeter holder T20016 with NOMEX multimeter
1
NOMEX multimeter
2
Holder
3
Slot for Velcro fasteners (2 pieces)
4
Pad (4 pieces)
5
Strain relief for the USB cable
6
Thread for fixing the supporting bar or thread adapter
7
Supporting bar
8
Thread adapter
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Velcro fastener (5 pieces), not shown
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Operating Manual - NOMEX Multimeter Accessories
13.1.2 Using the NOMEX Multimeter Holder T20016
Inserting the NOMEX Multimeter into the Holder
Place the NOMEX multimeter (1) into the
holder (2) as shown in Figure 31. The mea­surement area must face up. Check that the NOMEX multimeter properly locks into place in the holder.
Connect the USB cable to the NOMEX multi-
meter.
Slip the USB cable into the strain relief (5).
Installing the Holder at the Image Receptor of the Dental Panoramic Unit
Installing the Holder on the Tripod
Screw the thread adapter (8) into the thread
(6).
To extend the length of the holder you can
screw the supporting bar (7) between thread (6) and thread adapter (8).
Screw the complete holder onto the tripod.
Guide a Velcro fastener (9) through the slots
(3) at the holder (2).
Adapt the length of the Velcro fastener to the
dental panoramic system by using several fas­teners.
Close the Velcro fastener to secure the holder
with the NOMEX multimeter at the image receptor.
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Operating Manual - NOMEX Multimeter Accessories

13.2 NOMEX Multimeter Cassette Adapter T20017

13.2.1 Description of the NOMEX Multimeter Cassette Adapter T20017
The NOMEX Multimeter Cassette Adapter T20017 includes these components:
NOMEX
Figure 32: NOMEX multimeter cassette adapter T20017 with NOMEX multimeter
1
Cutout for USB cable from NOMEX multime­ter
2
Stop for NOMEX multimeter
3
NOMEX multimeter
4
Spring-loaded locking bar (2 pieces)
5
Frame
6
Cutout for USB cable from NOMEX multime­ter
7
Stop for NOMEX multimeter
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Operating Manual - NOMEX Multimeter Accessories
13.2.2 Using the NOMEX Multimeter Cassette Adapter T20017
Inserting the NOMEX Multimeter into the Cassette Adapter
There are two ways of placing the NOMEX mul­timeter into the cassette adapter. The orientation depends on the X-ray unit to test.
Pull back the appropriate locking bar (4).
Slip the cable side of the NOMEX multime-
ter (3) under the required stop (2) or (7) and deposit it on the frame (5). The measurement area must face up.
Close the locking bar (4).
Connect the USB cable to the NOMEX multi-
meter.
Guide the USB cable through the appropriate
cutout (1) or (6).
Inserting the Cassette Adapter in the Cassette Compartment of the X-Ray Unit
Insert the cassette adapter in the cassette
compartment of the X-ray unit.
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NOMEX
Technical Manual - Technical Specifications

Technical Manual

14 Technical Specifications

Only values with specified tolerances or limits are guaranteed. Values without tolerances are for informa­tional purposes only.

14.1 NOMEX Multimeter

Device designation NOMEX multimeter, type T11049 with
NOMEX software S030008
Manufacturer PTW-Freiburg
Intended use – diagnostic dosimetry system according to IEC 61674 for
absolute dosimetry and quality control measurements in X­ray diagnostic radiology
– for acceptance testing and constancy checks in radiogra-
phy, fluoroscopy, dental X-ray, mammography, and com­puted tomography (CT) applications
Operation mode continuous operation
Measuring principle measurement of the tube voltage of an X-ray unit, using semi-
conductor detectors and the dual-filter method
Measured quantities and units dose [Gy] and dose rate [Gy/s]
exposure [R] and exposure rate [R/s] dose per pulse [Gy/pulse] or [R/pulse] pulses pulse frequency [Hz] exposure time [s] mean peak voltage [kV], maximum peak voltage [kV] and practical peak voltage [kV] total filtration [mm Al] half value layer [mm Al] tube voltage waveform dose rate waveform
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Technical Manual - Technical Specifications
Device designation NOMEX multimeter, type T11049 with
NOMEX software S030008
Measuring ranges
1)
Dose / dose per pulse
RAD/FLU/DENT/CT/DENT-PAN MAM
Dose rate
2)
RAD/FLU/DENT/CT/DENT-PAN
MAM Pulses Pulse frequency Exposure time
3)
3)
3)
Tube voltage
RAD/FLU/DENT/CT/DENT-PAN
MAM Total filtration
(40 … 45) kV
(45 … 150) kV Half value layer
RAD/FLU/DENT/CT/DENT-PAN
MAM
2)
50 nGy … 500 Gy, ± 3.5 % 500 nGy … 500 Gy, ± 2.5 %
5 µGy/s … 500 mGy/s, ± 3.5 %
0.1 µGy/s … 500 mGy/s, typical ± 4 % or ± 5 nGy/s
4)
50 µGy/s … 500 mGy/s, ± 2.5 % 1 … 99999 (0,2 ... 500) pulses/s 1 ms … 298 h, ± 0.5 ms or ± 1 % 5 s … 298 h, ± 1 s
4)
(40 … 150) kV, ± 1 kV or ± 1.5 % (23 … 35) kV, ± 0.5 kV
(1.5… 40) mm Al, ± 2.5 mm Al or ± 10 % (1.5… 40) mm Al, ± 0.5 mm Al or ± 10 %
(0.95… 13.5) mm Al, ± 0.25 mm Al (0.25… 0.75) mm Al, ± 0.01 mm Al
MAM radiation qualities Mo / 30 µm Mo
Mo / 0.5 mm Al Mo / 25 µm Rh W / 50 µm Rh W / 50 µm Ag W / 0.7 mm Al Rh / 25 µm Rh
With and without compression paddle in each case
Indication of measured value NOMEX software
Warm-up time 1 min
10 min
4)
Amplifier time constant none
Dose resolution 1 nGy
1 )
When you measure very low dose rates in the sensitivity modes "High" and "Heavily Filtered", consider the toler­ances indicated here as typical tolerances. In these modes, the recommended minimum measuring time is 5 sec­onds.
2 )
Measuring range depends on the tube voltage, total filtration, and exposure time
4 )
Sensitivity modes "High" and "Heavily Filtered"
3 )
Minimum pulse width 1 ms
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Technical Manual - Technical Specifications
Device designation NOMEX multimeter, type T11049 with
NOMEX software S030008
Memory depth referred to sampling rate
3.2 s at 2 kHz
6.4 s at 1 kHz
12.8 s at 500 Hz
25.6 s at 250 Hz
64.0 s at 100 Hz
5)
Reference point / measurement
3200 s at 2 Hz
4.7 mm ± 0.5 mm below top of device
depth
Power supply 5 VDC
Power consumption 180 mA
Interface USB V2.0 full speed (12 Mbit/s)
Max. USB cable length 2 m (passive) + 4 x 5 m USB active extension cable = 22 m
Dimensions approx. 115 mm x 50 mm x 9 mm
Weight approx. 250 g
5 )
Sensitivity modes "High" and "Heavily filtered"
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Technical Manual - Technical Specifications

14.2 NOMEX Multimeter Holder T20016

Device designation NOMEX Multimeter Holder T20016
Manufacturer PTW-Freiburg
CE mark The product bears the CE-mark "CE" in accordance with the
Council Directive 93/42/EEC about Medical Devices and ful­fills the essential requirements of Annex I of this directive. The product is a class I device without measuring function (MDD).
Intended use Mechanical holder for
– attachment of the NOMEX multimeter to a dental X-ray unit – attachment of the NOMEX multimeter to a tripod by means
of a thread adapter
The supporting bar can be used to extend the length of the holder.
Components – Holder with 4 rubber pads
– Supporting bar – Thread adapter – 5 Velcro fasteners
Material
Holder Thread adapter / supporting bar
Density
Holder Thread adapter / supporting bar
Dimensions 171 ± 0.5 mm x 70 ± 0.5 mm x 23 ± 0.5 mm
Weight approx. 60 g
POM natural Aluminum alloy EN AW-2007
1.39 g/cm³
2.85 g/cm³
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Technical Manual - Technical Specifications

14.3 NOMEX Multimeter Cassette Adapter T20017

Device designation NOMEX Multimeter Cassette Adapter T20017
Manufacturer PTW-Freiburg
CE mark The product bears the CE-mark "CE" in accordance with the
Council Directive 93/42/EEC about Medical Devices and ful­fills the essential requirements of Annex I of this directive. The product is a class I device without a measuring function (MDD).
Intended use Mechanical holder allowing the NOMEX multimeter to be
mounted in the cassette compartment of an X-ray unit
Components – holder frame
– spring-loaded locking bar
Material
Holder frame
Locking bar
Density
Holder frame
Locking bar
Dimensions 267.5 ± 0.2 mm x 207.5 ± 0.2 mm x 15 ± 0.1 mm
Weight approx. 500 g
POM natural POM black
1.39 g/cm³
1.39 g/cm³

14.4 Nominal Useful Range and Ambient Conditions

Nominal useful range
Temperature
Relative humidity
Atmospheric pressure
Maximum operating altitude
Transport and storage conditions
Temperature
Relative humidity
Atmospheric pressure
(+10 ... +40) °C (10 ... 85) %, no condensation (max. 20 g/m³ absolute humidity) (600 ... 1200) hPa 3000 m above sea level
(-20 ... +60) °C (10 ... 85) %, no condensation (max. 20 g/m³ absolute humidity) (600 ... 1200) hPa
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Technical Manual - Accessories and Spare Parts

15 Accessories and Spare Parts

NOMEX
NOMEX Multimeter Set
The set includes:
NOMEX multimeter NOMEX software 2 m USB cable, 2.0 (miniB) 5 m USB active extension cable, 2.0 NOMEX multimeter case
Accessories
NOMEX multimeter holder Mechanical holder for the attachment and positioning of the NOMEX multime­ter
NOMEX multimeter cassette adapter Mechanical holder enabling the NOMEX multimeter to be mounted in the cas­sette compartment of an X-ray unit
Mobile PC L991422
5 m USB active extension cable, 2.0 L178088
Service contract for NOMEX multimeter includes repair, calibration in factory, firmware upgrades, software updates and upgrades
L981815
T11049 S030008 L178089 L178088 L522056
T20016
T20017
E21477
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NOMEX
Service Manual - Cleaning

Service Manual

WARNING
Improper execution of service tasks.
Hazards to Persons! Equipment Damage!
The following service tasks must only be per­formed by specially trained staff.
Further service tasks may only be carried out by PTW or by persons authorized by PTW.

16 Cleaning

WARNING
Liquids have entered the device.
Shock Hazard, Erroneous Measurement!
The device must be thoroughly inspected by service personnel before being used again.
CAUTION
Disinfection of the surface with disinfectants on a phenol base or peroxide compounds.
Equipment Damage!
Do not use disinfectants on a phenol base or peroxide compounds to disinfect the surface.
NOMEX Multimeter Surfaces
Disconnect the NOMEX multimeter from the
PC before cleaning the surface.
Clean the NOMEX multimeter simply by wiping
it down with a moist cloth. Use water or a mild soap solution. Liquids must not be allowed to enter the device. Do not spray liquids onto the device and connectors. The product cannot be sterilized or disinfected.
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Service Manual - Preventive Maintenance
Connection Cables
Clean the cables as described below:
Disconnect the cables from the devices
(always pull on the connectors, not on the cables!).
Clean the cables by rubbing them down with
a cloth moistened with soap water or a disin­fectant.
Do not immerse the cables in liquids!

17 Preventive Maintenance

In the following, you will find a list of the main­tenance measures and inspections necessary for the product.
Check before each Use
Before each use, visually inspect the product
and the cables for signs of mechanical dam­age.
If damage or malfunctions are identified, the
product must be repaired before it is used again.
Repair
Repairs may only be carried out by PTW Freiburg or by persons/companies authorized by PTW Freiburg.
Safety Inspections
Only regularly inspected products are fail-safe. To preserve the functional security and operational safety, a safety inspection is to be executed at regular intervals according to the national regula­tions.
These inspections must only be performed by independent persons with adequate training and experience.
It is recommended to execute the safety inspec­tions annually or every 2 years.
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Service Manual - Repairing Legally Calibrated Dosemeters
Technical Inspections of the Measuring System
The product must be inspected at regular intervals according to the national regulations. It is recom­mended to perform technical inspections of the measuring system annually or every 2 years at PTW-Freiburg or a qualified calibration laboratory.
Inspections must also be performed after repairs or after each influence that may have changed the behavior of the product.
Calibration
The exact calibration factor and supplementary data are included in the calibration certificate.
The product should be recalibrated at a dose rate typical for the application.
It is recommended to have the product calibrated annually or every 2 years at PTW-Freiburg or by specially trained staff on site.
18 Repairing Legally
Calibrated Dosemeters
NOTE
This section is applicable in countries where legal requirements exist demanding calibra­tion, for example Germany and Austria.
Interventions on the part of the user that may alter the measured values determined by legally calibrated dosemeters are not permitted. For this reason, the legal calibration authority has applied stamps to those parts of the dosemeter where such interventions could take place. Devices with damaged stamps are no longer considered legally calibrated.
If a dosemeter is found to be defective, it can be sent to an officially recognized calibration labo­ratory for repair. After repair, the device must be legally recalibrated. However, it can be used even if not yet legally recalibrated.
If the repair is not performed at an officially rec­ognized repair center, the device must be legally recalibrated before it can be used for applications requiring legal calibration.
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Service Manual - Disposal of the Product

19 Disposal of the Product

The typical lifetime of the product is approx. 10 years.
The cost for a potential return at the end of the product lifetime is to be borne by the customer.
At the end of the product lifetime, the components of the product must be disposed of in compliance with the applicable waste control regulations. The different materials must be separated and recy­cled as appropriate.
The electronic components must be recycled according to the local regulations.
NOMEX
The product does not contain hazardous materi­als.
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NOMEX

Literature

Literature
[1] Council Directive 93/42/EEC concerning medical devices
(Medical Device Directive - MDD)
[2] Council Directive 97/43/EURATOM on health protection
of individuals against the dangers of ionizing radiation in
relation to medical exposure
[3] IEC 61674
Medical electrical equipment -
Dosimeters with ionization chambers and/or semi-con-
ductor detectors as used in X-ray diagnostic imaging
[4] IEC 61676
Medical electrical equipment -
Dosimetric instruments used for non-invasive measure-
ment of X-ray tube voltage in diagnostic radiology
[5] IEC 61010-1
Safety requirements for electrical equipment for mea-
surement, control and laboratory use -
Part 1: General requirement
[6] IEC 61326-1
Electrical equipment for measurement, control and labo-
ratory use - EMC requirements -
Part 1: General requirements
[7] IEC/CISPR 11
Industrial, scientific and medical equipment -
Radio-frequency disturbance characteristics - Limits and
methods of measurement
[8] IEC 61140
Protection against electric shock -
Common aspects for installation and equipment
[9] IEC 60950-1
Information technology equipment - Safety -
Part 1: General requirements
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Appendix: China Electronic Industry Standard Compliance
附录:中华人民共和国电子产业标准
Appendix: China Electronic Industry Standard Compliance
附录:中华人民共和国电子产业标准
This Supplement concerns China Electronic Industry Standard Compliance
此附录涉及中华人民共和国电子产业标准的相关规定
The following product pollution control information is provided according to SJ/T11364-2006 Marking for Control of Pollution caused by Electronic Information Products.
根据SJ/T11364-2006标准规定的《电子信息产品污染控制标识要求》特提供以下有关产品污染控制方面的 信息。
1. Explanation of Pollution Control Label
污染控制标识说明
This symbol indicates the product contains hazardous materials in excess of the limits estab­lished by the Chinese standard SJ/T11363-2006 Requirements for Concentration Limits for Certain Hazardous Substances in Electronic Information Products. The number in the sym­bol is the Environment-friendly Use Period (EFUP), which indicates the period during which the toxic or hazardous substances or elements contained in electronic information products will not leak or mutate under normal operating conditions so that the use of such electronic information products will not result in any severe environmental pollution, any bodily injury or damage to any assets. The unit of the period is "Year". In order to maintain the declared EFUP, the product shall be operated normally according to the instructions and environmental conditions as defined in the product manual, and peri­odic maintenance schedules specified in Product Maintenance Procedures shall be followed strictly. Consumables or certain parts may have their own label with an EFUP value less than the product. Periodic replacement of those consumables or parts to maintain the declared EFUP shall be done in accordance with the Product Maintenance Procedures. This product must not be disposed of as unsorted municipal waste, and must be collected separately and handled properly after decommissioning.
该标识表明本产品含有的有毒有害物质超出SJ/T11363-2006标准规定的《电子信息产品中有 毒有 害物质的限量要求》。标识中的数字为本产品的环保使用期限(EFUP),表明在正常 使用的条件下,电子信息产品内含的有毒有害物质或元素不会发生外泄或突变,用户使用该 电子信息产品不会对环境造成任何严重污染或对人身、财产造成任何严重损害的期限。单位 为年。 为保证所声明的环保使用期限,应按产品手册中所规定的指示和环境条件进行正常使用,并 严格遵守产品维护程序中规定的定期维护和保养日程。 产品中的耗件或某些零部件可能具有单独的标识,其环保使用期限有可能短于产品本身的环 保使用期限。应按产品维护程序定期更换这些耗件或零部件,以保证所声明的整个产品的环 保使用期限。 本产品在使用寿命结束后不可作为普通生活垃圾处理,必须另行收集并作妥善处理。
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Appendix: China Electronic Industry Standard Compliance
附录:中华人民共和国电子产业标准
2. Name and Concentration of Hazardous Substances
有毒有害物质的名称及含量
Table 1 - Hazardous substances’ name and concentration.
1 - 有毒有害物质的名称及含量
Hazardous substances’ name
Component Name
部件名称
T11049 X O X X X X
O: Indicates that this toxic or hazardous substance contained in all of the homogeneous materials for this
part is below the limit requirement in SJ/T11363-2006. X: Indicates that this toxic or hazardous substance contained in at least one of the homogeneous materials
used for this part is above the limit requirement in SJ/T11363-2006
有毒有害物质的名称
(Pb)
(铅)
(Hg)
(汞)
(Cd)
(镉)
(Cr(VI))
(六价铬)
PBB)
(多溴联苯)
(PBDE)
(多溴二苯醚)
Data listed in the table represents best information available at the time of publication.
This table shows where these substances may be found in the supply chain of PTW electronic information
products, as of the date of sale of the enclosed product. Note that some of the component types listed
above may or may not be a part of the enclosed product.
O: 表示该有毒有害物质在该部件所有均质材料中的含量均在SJ/T11363-2006 标准规定的限量要求以下。 X: 表示该有毒有害物质至少在该部件的某一均质材料中的含量超出SJ/T11363-2006 标准规定的限量要求。
此表所列数据为直至发布时所能获得的最全面信息。
此表表明自本产品销售之日起在PTW电子信息产品的供应链上何处可能找到以上所述有毒有害物质。请
注意,以上所列的部件类型中的一些可能不属于本产品。
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Index

NOMEX
Index
A
Accessories............................................................. 88
description..................................................... 78, 80
use................................................................. 79, 81
Application............................................................... 42
B
Beep........................................................................ 52
C
Calibration................................................................ 91
Calibration, legal................................................ 17, 91
Calibration information............................................. 43
Cleaning................................................................... 89
Context menu.......................................................... 37
D
Data backup............................................................ 23
Data storage............................................................ 23
Delay before the measurement starts..................... 46
Delay before the measurement stops...................... 47
Detector information................................................ 43
Disposal................................................................... 92
Dosemeters, legally calibrated................................ 91
E
L
Language................................................................. 52
List of figures............................................................. 7
Literature.................................................................. 93
M
Main screen............................................................. 30
Maintenance............................................................ 90
Measurement........................................................... 53
perform.......................................................... 55, 55
preparation........................................................... 53
start...................................................................... 55
stop...................................................................... 55
verify settings....................................................... 54
very short exposure times................................... 58
Measurement data
copy......................................................... 64, 65, 65
delete............................................................. 62, 62
export................................................ 63, 63, 63, 64
loading stored data.............................................. 61
print...................................................................... 66
save..................................................................... 60
Menu Setup............................................................. 40
N
NOMEX multimeter
connecting........................................................... 25
positioning..................................................... 26, 27
putting into service.................................. 25, 26, 27
Equipment features................................................. 17
Erroneous measurements....................................... 75
Error messages................................................. 70, 73
Exiting the software................................................. 24
G
General information................................................... 2
O
Options
demo mode.......................................................... 68
displayed values.................................................. 67
for storage........................................................... 68
measuring table................................................... 69
Options of the NOMEX software............................. 67
Quick start............................................................... 29
I
Icons, explanation........................... 34, 34, 35, 35, 37
Indicators................................................................. 18
Installation of software............................................. 21
Interfaces................................................................. 18
Intro.......................................................................... 52
R
Repair...................................................................... 90
Repairing software................................................... 22
Restore backup....................................................... 23
K
kV range.................................................................. 47
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NOMEX
Index
S
Safety information...................................................... 9
Safety inspections................................................... 90
Sampling of the measurement................................ 46
Sensitivity Mode...................................................... 45
Setup............................................... 40, 41, 42, 44, 52
change................................................................. 41
detector menu...................................................... 42
display and audio................................................ 52
general................................................................. 40
measurement....................................................... 44
Spare parts.............................................................. 88
Start delay............................................................... 46
Starting the software............................................... 24
Stop delay................................................................ 47
Symbols................................................................... 14
T
Target directory........................................................ 22
Technical inspection of the measuring system......... 91
Technical specifications........................................... 83
TF range.................................................................. 49
Total filtration range................................................. 49
Troubleshooting..................................... 70, 73, 75, 77
Tube voltage range................................................. 47
U
Uninstalling software............................................... 22
W
Waveform
copy..................................................................... 65
export................................................................... 64
Workflow.................................................................. 29
Z
Zero adjustment....................................................... 56
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