Page 1
2015-10 Hn/Az
User Manual
DIADOS E
T11035
firmware 1.30 or higher
Contents
Operating Manual
Technical Manual
Service Manual
D616.131.00/10 en
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DIADOS E
T11035
General Information
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General Information
The product bears the CE-mark "CE-0124" in
accordance with the Council Directive
93/42/EEC about Medical Devices and fulfills
the essential requirements of Annex 1 of this
directive. The product is a class IIb device
(MDD).
The product was granted the type approval as
diagnostic dosemeter DIADOS E in accordance with § 13 of the German Verification Act
(Eichgesetz) by the German National Metrology Institute (Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, PTB) in Braunschweig. For detailed information, refer to section "Technical
Specifications".
Product standard
The product fully complies with the requirements of the following standard IEC 61674.
Electrical safety
The product fully complies with the requirements of the following standard IEC 61010-1.
Electromagnetic immunity
The product fully complies with the requirements of the following standards:
IEC 61326-1 / IEC 61674.
The user manual is an integral part of the
product. It should always be kept near the
product. Observance of the manual is a prerequisite for proper product performance and
correct operation.
Operator safety, specified measuring accuracy
and interference-free operation can be guaranteed only if original products and parts are
used. Furthermore only the accessories listed
in this manual are approved by PTW-Freiburg
and may be used in conjunction with the product, or else accessories whose use has been
expressly permitted by PTW-Freiburg. Safe
operation and proper product performance are
not guaranteed if accessories or consumables
from other manufacturers are used.
PTW-Freiburg cannot be held liable for dam-
ages resulting from the use of accessories,
consumables from other manufacturers or
when the user ignores the instructions and information given in this manual.
The warranty period is 1 (one) year and begins
on the day of delivery. It is unaffected by repairs covered by the warranty regulations.
PTW-Freiburg considers itself responsible for
safety, reliability and performance of the product only, if assembly, extension, readjustment,
modification or repair is carried out by PTWFreiburg or by persons authorized by PTWFreiburg, and if the product is used in compliance with the technical documentation.
In case of any questions concerning service,
support or warranty please contact your supplier.
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DIADOS E
T11035
General Information
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3
This manual is in conformity with the device
specifications and all applicable safety standards valid at the time of printing. All rights are
reserved for devices, circuits, techniques,
software programs, and names appearing in
this manual.
PTW-Freiburg reserves the right to make mod-
ifications.
Please contact PTW or your local representative for the most current information concerning the products of interest.
No part of the technical documentation may be
reproduced without written permission from
PTW-Freiburg.
PTW-Freiburg is registered manufacturer ac-
cording to the ElektroG (Elektro- und Elektronikgeräte-Gesetz).
Elektro-Altgeräte-Register (EAR) Registration
number DE15599992
PTW-Freiburg
Physikalisch-Technische Werkstätten
Dr. Pychlau GmbH
Lörracher Str. 7
79115 FREIBURG
GERMANY
Phone: +49 761 49055-0
Fax: +49 761 49055-70
info@ptw.de
www.ptw.de
PTW-Freiburg works in strict accordance with
a quality management system which is continuously updated according to national and international standards.
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DIADOS E
T11035
Contents
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Contents
General Information 2
Contents 4
Illustrations 5
Intended Use 6
Safety Information 6
Operating Manual 11
1 Description of the Device 11
1.1 General Features 11
1.2 Connection Panel 12
1.3 Display 12
1.4 Keypad 13
1.5 Control Keys/Functions 14
2 Putting the System into Operation 19
2.1 Inserting the Rechargeable Batteries 19
2.2 Putting DIADOS E into Operation 20
2.3 Connecting the Detector 20
2.4 Positioning DIADOS E 21
2.5 Basic Settings (Setup Menu) 22
2.6 Modes of Operation 23
2.7 Measuring Quantities 23
2.8 Measuring Ranges 25
2.9 Digital Resolution 27
2.10 Entering the Chamber Calibration Factor 27
3 DIADOS E – Brief Operating Instructions 28
4 Performing a Measurement 29
4.1 General Information for Measurements 29
4.2 Dose, Dose Rate and Dose per Pulse Measurement 29
4.3 Charge and Current Measurement 32
4.4 Measurements in Computed Tomography 34
4.5 Measurement at Dental X-ray Units 35
5 Error Messages and Troubleshooting 37
5.1 Equipment Error Messages 37
5.2 Problems during Operation 38
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Illustrations
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Technical Manual 39
6 Technical Specifications 39
Service Manual 43
7 Cleaning 43
8 Maintenance 44
8.1 Checks before each use 44
8.2 Repair 44
8.3 Safety Inspections 44
8.4 Technical Inspections of the Measuring System 44
8.5 Maintenance of Officially Calibrated Dosemeters 45
8.6 Calibration 45
8.7 Rechargeable Batteries 45
9 Disposal of the Product 47
Literature 48
Appendix A: China Electronic Industry Standard Compliance 49
Index 51
Illustrations
Figure 1: Definition of patient environment 10
Figure 2: DIADOS E connection Panel 12
Figure 3: DIADOS E display 12
Figure 4: DIADOS E keypad 13
Figure 5: Timer function 18
Figure 6: Mounting the rechargeable batteries 19
Figure 7: Setup menu 1/2 22
Figure 8: Setup menu 2/2 22
Figure 9: Calibration data menu 1/4 22
Figure 10: Calibration data menu 2/4 22
Figure 11: Calibration data menu 3/4 22
Figure 12: Calibration data menu 3/4 22
Figure 13: Calibration data menu, example for the RAD application 23
Figure 14: DIADOS E display for radiological measurements 29
Figure 15: Display in electrometer mode 32
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Intended Use
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NOTE
Please observe the user manuals of all connected detectors!
This is the safety alert symbol. It is used to
alert the user to potential hazards. Obey all
safety messages that follow this symbol to
avoid possible bodily injury or equipment
damage.
DANGER
Indicates an imminent hazard. If not avoided, the
hazard will result in death or serious injury.
WARNING
Indicates a hazard. If not avoided, the hazard
can result in death or serious injury.
CAUTION
Indicates a potential hazard. If not avoided, the
hazard could result in minor injury or product /
property damage.
NOTE
Provides useful information to assure that you
get the most from your equipment.
Intended Use
DIADOS E is a diagnostic dosemeter according to
IEC 61674 and can be used for acceptance testing
and constancy checks. It can be employed in conventional X-ray diagnostics, in dental and mammographic applications as well as with CT systems.
DIADOS E is capable of measuring dose and dose
rate in diagnostic X-ray applications, dose length
product and the dose length product rate in CT
applications and current and charge if used as electrometer. DIADOS E is capable of measuring in
front of and behind phantoms.
The following detectors are required for the measurement:
DIADOS Diagnostic Detector T60004 for con-
ventional diagnostic radiology and for dental imaging
DIADOS MAM Detector T60005 for mammogra-
phy
CT ion chamber 3.14 cm³ TM30009 with CT
adapter T16018
Safety Information
All safety messages consist of the following components:
– Safety alert symbol and signal word
– Type of danger
– Source of danger
– Consequence
– Measures to prevent hazard
Signal Words
CT ion chamber 300 mm long TM30017 with CT
adapter T16018
Note: In the United States, federal law restricts
this device to sale by or on the order of a
physician.
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Safety Information
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DANGER
Operation in areas where an explosion hazard
may occur or in oxygen-enriched atmospheres
Explosion Hazard!
The product is not suitable for operation in areas
of risk where an explosion hazard may occur.
Explosion hazards may be caused by the use of
combustible anaesthetics, skin-cleansing agents
and disinfectants.
Furthermore the product is not suitable for application in oxygen-enriched atmospheres. The
atmosphere is considered to be oxygen-enriched
when more than 25 % of oxygen or nitrous oxide
is added to the ambient air.
WARNING
Electricity is a source of risk, particularly when
the product is not in perfect operating condition
or when it is operated inappropriately.
Shock Hazard!
Strictly observe the following warnings. Failure to
do so may endanger the lives of the patient, the
user and other persons involved.
Before using the product, the user must as-
certain that it is in correct working order and
operating condition.
Before putting the device into operation, visu-
ally inspect all connection cables for signs of
damage. Damaged cables and connectors
must be replaced immediately.
When disconnecting the device from the pow-
er line, first remove the plug from the wall outlet, then disconnect the power cord from the
device.
WARNING
Devices on which moisture condensation has
developed as a result of temperature changes
must not be switched on unless completely
dry.
Liquids must not enter the product. If liquids
have entered the product, it must be thoroughly inspected before being used again.
The product is a device of IEC 61140 protec-
tion class II.
Extension cords must not be used.
All devices of a system must be connected to
the same electric circuit. Devices which are
not connected to the same circuit must be
electrically isolated (use RS232 interface with
galvanic insulation).
Exclusion of operation in the patient environment: Neither the product nor any peripheral
devices may be operated in the patient environment (see Figure 1).
Exclusion of operation as device with patient
contact: The device is not intended for use in
direct contact with the patient. Neither the device
nor any peripheral device may have contact to
the patient.
Never touch the patient and open connectors of
the device at the same time.
Exclusion of operation as controlling instrument: The device is only designed for use as a
measuring device. The device must not be used
to control radiodiagnostic equipment or radiotherapy units.
Safety Information
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Safety Information
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WARNING
Use of peripheral devices: Peripheral devices
(PC, printer) may only be connected if they meet
the requirements of UL 60950-1/IEC 60950-1 or
of standard IEC 61010-1.
Devices may be connected to other devices or to
parts of systems only if it has been ascertained
that this connection does not impair the safety of
the patient, the operator or the environment.
If the device specifications do not contain information as to connecting the device to other
equipment, you must consult the manufacturer of
the other equipment or an expert about the effects of the connection on the patient, the operator or the environment. Always observe standard
IEC 61010-1.
WARNING
Improper handling.
Patient Hazard!
The product is a medical electrical device and
must only be handled by persons who are trained
in the use of such equipment and are capable of
applying it properly. The operator must be trained
in the use of the device.
WARNING
Magnetic and electrical fields are capable of interfering with the proper performance of the device.
Equipment Failure!
For this reason make sure that all external
devices operated in the vicinity of the device
comply with the relevant EMC requirements.
X-ray equipment, MRI devices and radio systems are possible sources of interference as
they may emit higher levels of electromagnetic radiation. Keep the device away from these
devices and verify its performance before use.
The use of cables longer than specified may
impair the electromagnetic compatibility characteristics of the device.
The device should not be used in the immedi-
ate vicinity of or placed on top of or below
other equipment. However, if the application
requires an arrangement of devices as described above, the device should be watched
to ensure its proper functioning in the specific
arrangement.
The customer or user of the device should assure that it is used in an electromagnetic environment as described in IEC 61326-1.
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Safety Information
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9
CAUTION
Use of the product without observing the user
manual.
Bodily Injury! Equipment Damage!
Always use the product in compliance with the
user manual. Otherwise the intended protection
can be reduced.
Use the product only in conjunction with the devices approved for this purpose by PTW and/or
the devices listed in the section "Intended Use".
Handle the product with care to avoid equipment
damage.
CAUTION
Operation under inadequate ambient conditions.
Equipment Damage!
Before connecting the device to the power line,
make sure that line voltage and frequency are
equivalent to the ratings indicated on the nameplate of the device.
Set up the device in a location which affords
sufficient ventilation.
Always observe the ambient conditions as indicated in the `Technical Specifications`.
CAUTION
Improper handling of cables and connectors.
Equipment Damage!
To avoid damage to the cables and connectors,
observe the following points.
Do not kink the cables. Observe the minimum
bend radius of the cables. Never exert pressure on the cables. Do not step on the cables.
Do not roll trolleys over the cables. Do not pull
or twist the cables.
Disconnect the cables from the devices during
transport and when the devices are not in
use. Do not let the cables hang down unrestrained.
The connectors must always be clean. Do not
allow the connectors to lie on the floor. Always protect connectors when pulling them
through cable conduits.
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Safety Information
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NOTE
Please observe the user manuals of all connected devices!
NOTE
Set up the device so that the operator has a
clear, unobstructed view of the control panel.
Symbol
Description
Please refer to the user manual!
The product bears the CE-mark.
23.04
03.01
The product (T11035) was granted
the type-approval under German
law (refer also to the section
"Technical Specifications").
Identification mark of an officially
calibrated device according to the
German Metrology and Verification
Act (Mess- und Eichverordnung,
MessEV)
The device is provided with a protective insulation according to protection class II.
The device is only suitable for use
with direct current.
Manufacturer and date of manufacture
Reference number
Serial number
Separate collection of electrical
and electronic equipment!
(refer also to the section “Disposal
of the Product”)
Labeling according to „Administration on the Control of the Pollution
caused by Electronic Information
Products (ACPEIP)“ (China RoHS)
(refer also to the Appendix)
Symbols on Product and Nameplate
Figure 1: Definition of patient environment
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CAUTION
Direct or scattered radiation
Equipment Damage!
Do not expose the DIADOS E to direct or
scattered radiation.
Do not store the DIADOS E in the treatment
room.
CAUTION
Improper handling.
Equipment Damage!
The DIADOS E is a sensitive measurement device, which needs regular checks and calibrations.
Make sure that the DIADOS E is checked
regularly according to section 8.
Have the DIADOS E calibrated by a qualified
laboratory at intervals of at most 2 years.
Operating Manual
1 Description of the Device
1.1 General Features
DIADOS E measures the dose, the dose rate, dose
per pulse, time and pulse.
The Autostart function allows multiple consecutive
measurements to be performed without any user
intervention.
Selection of the measuring range is either automatic or manual.
The device is equipped with an RS232 interface.
DIADOS E is powered via a multi-range power supply or from rechargeable batteries.
For officially calibrated dosemeters:
On the side there is an official seal. If the official
seal is damaged or removed, the official calibration
will expire.
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DETECTOR
SERIAL
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
1.2 Connection Panel
1.3 Display
DIADOS E has connectors for the power supply
(9 VDC) and for the detector (DETECTOR) and an
RS232 interface (SERIAL) (see Figure 2).
As a general rule, the connector for the detector
should be sealed with the enclosed cap when not in
use.
Figure 2: DIADOS E connection Panel
While a measurement is in progress, the current
dose/dose rate is indicated in intervals of 0.5 s.
The ALT key can be pressed to toggle between the
different readouts during a measurement.
Figure 3: DIADOS E display
1 Resolution:
" " greater than 0.5 %,
"*" greater than 1 %,
"**" less than 1 %
2 Unit C, Gy or R; displayed in reverse video in
pulsed mode
3 Application:
RAD – convential radiology,
DENT – dental application,
CT – CT application or
MamX/X – mammography
(MamM/M, MamM/R, MamW/A,
MamW/R, MamR/R, MamWAg)
4 Measuring range: Low, Med, High or Auto
5 Measuring value
6 Measurement status:
RDY – ready to take a measurement,
RUN – measurement in progress,
STA – measurement started with START/STOP,
STP – measurement stopped with
START/STOP,
TST – measurement stopped by timer
7 Filter:
"Unatt." (without additional filtration) or
"Att. " (with additional filtration)
8 Battery status: full/depleted
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Function
Effect
Comment
APPL.
selects the application
RAD, DENT, CT, MamM/M, MamM/R, MamW/A,
MamW/R, MamR/R, MamWAg
Only calibrated applications can be selected.
FILTER
toggles between the calibration factors
in front of ↔ behind the phantom
combination of keys ALT + APPL.
MODE
toggles between pulsed mode ↔ normal mode
in the pulsed mode, the unit is displayed in
reverse video
RANGE
toggles between the measuring ranges
Auto Range, Low, Medium and High
combination of keys ALT + MODE
RESET
resets the display to zero
STARDY, TSTRDY
ZERO
zero adjustment
combination of keys ALT + RESET
START/
STOP
manually starts/stops a dose measurement
ALT
activates the second function of a key
toggles between dose, dose rate and time in
normal mode and
between dose, dose/pulse and pulse in pulsed
mode
You can toggle during and after the measurement.
ON/OFF
turns the device ON and OFF
push for 2 s
SETUP
brings up the Setup menu
combination of keys RESET + APPL.
,
used to navigate in the Setup menu
selects the sub-menu
ESC
used to exit the sub-menu/Setup menu
1.4 Keypad
Figure 4: DIADOS E keypad
The second function of a key (indicated in italics) is
activated with the combination of ALT key + the respective key.
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1.5 Control Keys/Functions
1.5.4 Zero Adjustment (ZERO)
1.5.1 Turning the Device ON/OFF
ON/OFF key: push for 2 s to activate.
1.5.2 Starting and Stopping a Measurement (START/STOP)
The START/STOP key initiates and stops a measurement, even if no radiation is present.
The device has an Autostart feature. With Autostart,
a measurement begins as soon as radiation is detected.
The timer measurement is disabled.
1.5.3 RESET Key
RESET sets all parameter readings back to zero.
RESET can also be used to clear an overload message “OL”. After activation of the RESET key,
DIADOS E is in the Autostart mode.
The keys ALT + RESET will cause DIADOS E to
perform a zero adjustment. For the zero adjustment, the detector and the extension cable used for
the measurement must be connected. During this
process, avoid moving or irradiating the detector
and the cable. Perform the zero adjustment after
setup and immediately before performing a meas-
urement. During zero adjustment the message “Ze-
roing” appears on the display, and the remaining
time in seconds is displayed.
The zero adjustment process can be aborted with
the RESET key. In this case the previous device
settings will be retained.
The zero adjustment should be repeated for following cases:
after changing the detector or
after performing a reset the displayed value for
dose rate climbs up without radiation.
An automatic zero adjustment process can be
aborted with the RESET key.
A measurement initiated with Autostart can also be
aborted with RESET. All parameter readings will be
reset to zero.
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NOTE
The recent draft of standard IEC 61674 does not
provide different calibration factors for measurements with additional filtration and without additional filtration in CT application.
For this reason DIADOS E contains the same
calibration factor for measurements with additional filtration (Att.) and without additional filtration (Unatt.).
Thus pressing the ALT + APPL. keys has no
effect in CT application.
1.5.5 Selecting the Application (APPL.)
The APPL. key is used to select the application
range.
RAD: conventional diagnostics
DENT: dental application
CT: CT application
MamX/X: mammography (MamM/M, MamM/R,
MamW/A, MamW/R, MamR/R, MamWAg)
The application can only be selected if a radiological unit is active (Setup menu).
1.5.6 Selecting the Filter/Calibration Factors (FILTER)
The function FILTER (keys ALT+APPL.) is used to
select the filter/calibration factors necessary for the
application. This function is active only when a radiological unit is selected (Setup menu). Two calibration factors can be entered for each application, one
for application with additional filtration (Att.) and one
for application without additional filtration (Unatt.).
The filtration value for application without additional
filtration results from the inherent filtration of the
system.
Only these applications are selectable which were
calibrated radiologically. The registered calibration
factor is unequal 0,000.
If not all qualities (maximum 12) are required, the
user can deactivate a quality by entering the calibration factor 0 (refer to user manual “RS232 Interface for PTW-DIADOS E“ D616.131.01). The reactivation is possible anytime, for it the calibration
factor has to be taken from the calibration certificate.
The choices depend on the selected application:
RAD: • 2.5 mm Al → Unatt.
• 23.5 mm Al → Att.
DENT: • 8.5 mm Al → Unatt.
• 8.5 mm Al + 0.5 mm Cu → Att.
CT: • RQT9 0.25 mm Cu → Unatt.
• RQT9 0.25 mm Cu → Att.
When used with mammography units, the use of
the second calibration factor for measurements
behind the phantom is optional. For this reason
DIADOS E contains the same calibration factor
for measurements with additional filtration (Att.)
and without additional filtration (Unatt.).
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1
MamM/M: • Mo/30 µm Mo → Unatt.
• Mo/30 µm Mo + 2 mm Al → Att.
MamM/R: • Mo/25 µm Rh → Unatt.
• Mo/25 µm Rh + 2 mm Al → Att.
1.5.8 Selecting the Measuring Range (RANGE)
The measuring range is selected with the keys
ALT + MODE.
MamW/R: • W/50 µm Rh → Unatt.
• W/50 µm Rh + 2 mm Al → Att.
MamR/R1: • Rh/25 µm Rh → Unatt.
• Rh/25 µm Rh + 2 mm Al → Att.
MamWAg: • W/50 µm Ag → Unatt.
• W/50 µm Ag + 2 mm Al → Att.
MamW/A: • W/0,7 mm Al → Unatt.
• W/0,7 mm Al + 2 mm Al → Att.
For mammography applications: The calibration
with 2 mm Al is only optionally available.
1.5.7 Changing the Operating Mode (MODE)
With MODE you toggle between normal and pulsed
operation.
Normal mode
Measured parameters are dose, dose rate and
time. The timer function can also be used in this
mode.
Pulsed mode
In pulsed operation, the unit is displayed in reverse
video (uppermost line on the display). Measured
parameters are dose, dose per pulse and number
of pulses.
The displayed value is the measuring value selected with the ALT key (see section 1.5.9).
a) Low
Low measuring range, suitable for fluoroscopy
and measurements behind the phantom.
b) Medium
Medium measuring range, suitable for fluoroscopy and measurements in front of the phantom
as well as for radiography and measurements
behind the phantom.
c) High
High measuring range, suitable for radiography
and measurements in front of the phantom.
d) Auto Range
Automatic adjustment of the measuring range;
depending on the selected mode of operation,
you will observe the following differences in the
measurement and on the display:
In pulsed operation:
The device defaults to the LOW range (display:
AUTO L). When this range is exceeded, the
message REPEAT appears on the display. At
the end of this signal (at least the measuring delay time), the device selects the next higher level
AUTO M.
If the device overranges again due to an excessive signal, the message REPEAT appears
again and the device selects the next higher
level HIGH (display: Auto H). Dose and dose per
pulse will not be indicated after overranging. Only the number of pulses is displayed.
Official calibration is not possible.
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In normal operation:
Depending on the currently selected display
(ALT key), the Auto Range function decides in
an overrange condition whether to switch to the
next higher range with REPEAT or whether to
track the signal continuously. As in pulsed operation, the initial, most sensitive range is AUTO L.
If DIADOS E is in the dose rate mode at the time
the overrange condition occurs, it will immediately start switching ranges until the suitable
range is found.
If the range changes in the dose rate mode (e.g.
from LOW to MED), the displayed dose value
will read “OL” because it could not be correctly
determined. After the end of the measurement,
the dose rate readout will again begin with
AUTO L.
If DIADOS E is displaying the dose or time when
the overrange occurs, it will behave as in the
pulsed operating mode: the message REPEAT
appears after identification of the condition and
the next higher range is selected after the
measurement. After the end of the measurement
and when the dose is displayed, the measuring
range remains set until RESET is activated.
1.5.9 ALT Key
In combination with the keys APPL, MODE and
RESET, ALT activates the second function assigned to each key.
ALT + APPL. FILTER
ALT + MODE RANGE
ALT + RESET ZERO
During and after a measurement, you can use the
ALT key to toggle between display of
dose, dose rate and time in normal operation
or of
dose, dose per pulse and number of pulses in
pulsed operation.
ALT can also be used to exit the Setup menu and
the sub-menus. If you exit sub-menus with ALT, all
changes in that sub-menu will be lost.
1.5.10 TIMER Function
Measurements with the timer are only possible in
normal mode. Pressing the START/STOP key
disables the timer function.
Functional description:
The timer function can be used to determine the
average dose rate over an interval of 2 s or 20 s.
To exclude the effects of switching on/off, the first
3 s and the last 3 s of the measuring interval will be
ignored.
The measuring interval is determined by the end of
the measurement (the measurement ends as soon
as the measuring signal is removed).
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NOTE
Purpose of the timer interval “2 s”:
You will select the 2 s timer interval if DIADOS E
is to continue indicating the dose rate after radiation has been removed (when the timer is off, the
dose rate displayed after removal of radiation is
0.0).
NOTE
If the dose rate signal ends while the displayed
time still blinks, the average is calculated on the
basis of the existing values (with the exception of
the first and last 3 s) and the corresponding
measuring time is displayed. If the irradiation
time is less than 6 s, DIADOS E will indicate a
measured value of zero for dose rate, dose and
time. The dose is calculated on the basis of the
average dose rate and the irradiation interval.
Figure 5: Timer function
At the end of the measurement, the dose rate averaged over the timer interval will be indicated.
b) Determining the Average Dose Rate Over a
Period of 20 s:
The timer interval shall be set to 20 s (selection
in the Setup menu). DIADOS E starts averaging
3 s after a dose rate signal has been detected,
the displayed time blinks. The dose rate shall
now be maintained constant until the time displayed on DIADOS E stops blinking (this is the
case after another 23 s). Radiation can now be
removed. DIADOS E will display the dose rate
averaged over the last 20 s of fluoroscopy, while
ignoring the last 3 s.
Measuring tasks:
a) Display of the dose rate value after removal
of radiation:
Recommended timer interval: 2 s (selection in
the Setup menu). DIADOS E starts averaging
3 s after a dose rate signal has been detected,
the displayed time blinks. The dose rate signal is
required for another 5 s at minimum. The displayed time stops blinking and DIADOS E stores
the measured dose rate values which are averaged over 2 s in each case. When radiation is
removed, DIADOS E will display the dose rate
value measured 3 s before removal of radiation.
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DANGER
Improper handling of batteries.
Explosion Hazard!
Do not throw the rechargeable batteries into a
fire.
WARNING
Improper handling of batteries.
Bodily injury!
If electrolyte leaks from the battery, avoid contact
with skin or clothes. Immediately clean skin or
clothes that have come in contact with electrolyte
with water. In case of eye contact, immediately
rinse eyes with water and consult doctor.
Do not open rechargeable batteries.
WARNING
Improper handling of batteries.
Risk of Fire or Skin Burns!
Never short the rechargeable batteries together.
CAUTION
Improper handling of batteries.
Equipment damage!
Do not open rechargeable batteries. Never expose rechargeable batteries to water. Store and
use the rechargeable batteries at the ambient
conditions (temperature, relative humidity) specified for the device.
CAUTION
Improper handling.
Equipment damage!
Do not operate the DIADOS E with disposable
batteries. Use only the special rechargeable batteries.
2 Putting the System into Operation
2.1 Inserting the Rechargeable Batteries
On delivery, brand-new rechargeable NiMH batteries are enclosed to the DIADOS E. Before setup
these new rechargeable batteries have to be inserted into the device and have to be charged. Due to
their technology rechargeable batteries show a
limited durability.
Therefore remove the lid from the battery com-
partment on the back of the device.
Insert the rechargeable batteries. For the num-
ber of batteries and the battery polarity refer to
Figure 6.
Figure 6: Mounting the rechargeable batteries
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NOTE
New rechargeable batteries will reach their full
capacity only after several charging and discharging cycles.
NOTE
The wall outlet for connection of the power supply (power connector) should be within easy
reach to allow the device to be easily disconnected from mains.
NOTE
In CT applications (CT chamber and CT junc-
tion box) operate DIADOS E only on battery
power, refer to section 2.3.2.
NOTE
Detector T60004:
The detector is suitable for use with and without
brass absorber T20002.1.004.
Measurements of the surface dose (entrance
dose with backscatter) are performed without the
brass absorber.
Measurements of the entrance dose are performed with the brass absorber attached to the
back of the detector.
Detector T60005:
This detector design only measures the entrance
dose. Therefore, it is not necessary to attach a
brass absorber to the back of the detector.
When used with X-ray units:
The overall length of the detector cable with extension cable shall not exceed 10 meters.
NOTE
Also refer to the user manual of the DIADOS
detectors.
Close the battery compartment.
2.3 Connecting the Detector
Perform an initial charging of the rechargeable
batteries of 23 hours. An overcharging of the rechargeable batteries is not possible.
Then the DIADOS E will be ready for operation.
Please refer to section 8.7 for information about the
safe handling of rechargeable batteries.
2.2 Putting DIADOS E into Operation
DIADOS E is either powered via a multi-range power supply or from rechargeable batteries. The power
supply automatically adapts to AC voltages between 115 V and 230 V. If the voltage of your local
power line is within this range, you can put
DIADOS E into operation after connecting the power supply. If the power supply is not connected at
the time the device is turned on, DIADOS E will
automatically be powered from the batteries. The
batteries charge automatically whenever DIADOS E
is connected to the power line.
2.3.1 Use with X-ray units
Two types of semiconductor detectors can be connected to DIADOS E: DIADOS diagnostic detector
T60004 and DIADOS MAM detector T60005. Always use the detector suitable for the radiation to
measure.
The semiconductor detector is connected to the
DETECTOR connector at the top of DIADOS E.
DIADOS E can be on or off when the detector is
connected. The detectors can be connected to the
display unit via the 2 m detector cable directly and
via a 6 m extension cable.
Press the ON/OFF key to turn DIADOS E on.
The ON/OFF key must be pressed for 2 s to turn
the device off.
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NOTE
An extension cable used shall be connected
between DIADOS E and the CT adapter (connection system W). The overall length of the
detector cable with extension cable shall not
exceed 20 meters.
Also refer to the user manual supplied with the
CT chamber.
NOTE
When used with CT systems: In conjunction
with the multi-range power supply, power surges
may inadvertently trigger the device (starting a
measurement). This phenomenon does not occur
when the device is exclusively powered from
batteries. In CT applications (CT chamber and
CT junction box) operate DIADOS E only on
battery power to avoid inadvertent measurements.
WARNING
Electricity is a source of risk, particularly when
the product is not in perfect operating condition
or when it is operated inappropriately.
Patient Hazard! Shock Hazard!
Only qualified staff is authorized to open the CT
adapter (electric shock hazard!). Never attempt
to repair a defective CT adapter.
2.3.2 Use with CT units
Checking the high voltage of the CT adapter
For this application a CT chamber (TM30009,
TM30017 or TM77336) with CT adapter (T16018)
has to be used.
Connecting the CT chamber
The CT adapter is connected to the DETECTOR
socket at the connection panel of the DIADOS E
(refer to Figure 2); the CT chamber is connected to
the CT adapter. For connecting the chamber, the
DIADOS E may be switched on or off.
Push the TEST key at the adapter and hold it depressed. The LED should illuminate and go out
within 2 s. If the LED does not light up or go out, the
high voltage supply is defective and correct measurements cannot be performed. In this case the CT
adapter should be returned to the manufacturer for
repair.
2.4 Positioning DIADOS E
Position DIADOS E such that the control panel is
within easy reach and that the display can be read
off.
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2.5 Basic Settings (Setup Menu)
The unit, timer, contrast and auto power-off time are
selected in the Setup menu. In addition, the respective calibration data can be viewed in the Setup
menu.
Calibration Data Menu
In this menu you can view the calibration data for
the applications.
The keys RESET + APPL. take you to the Setup
menu (press RESET first and, holding it depressed,
push APPL.).
With and (APPL. and MODE keys) you navigate
within the Setup menu, with (RESET key) you
access the sub-menu to make selections. To exit
menus without saving the changes, press ESC
(ALT key).
Figure 7: Setup menu 1/2
Figure 8: Setup menu 2/2
Unit
You can choose among the units Gy, R and C. As
soon as the DIADOS E is officially calibrated, the
unit “R” can not be selected.
Timer
For measurements in normal mode, the timer can
be set to OFF, 20 s or 2 s. The timer function is
inactive in pulsed mode.
Figure 9: Calibration data menu 1/4
Figure 10: Calibration data menu 2/4
Figure 11: Calibration data menu 3/4
Figure 12: Calibration data menu 3/4
The first overview lists the application, the calibration date and the label “s” or “u”.
The label “s” means secured and designates a offi-
cially calibrated application. The label “u” means
unsecured and designates an not officially calibrated application.
Use or to choose the application and press to
display the rest of the data.
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aK
NOTE
For measurements where an official calibration is
required, only the following measured quantities
are allowed: Ka,
aK
, Ka∙l and
aK
∙l (refer to sec-
tion 8.5).
Figure 13: Calibration data menu, example for the
RAD application
Measuring Delay Time
Set a time between 1 and 5 s. The measuring delay
time is waited after an automatic recognizing of the
signal end. Then the measurement is regarded as
completed and will be finished. Times longer than
1 s are meaningful if radiation distances are bigger
than 1 s to expect. The total dose can be measured
for several radiation pulses with big distances by it.
The data shown in Figure 13 represent:
Application detector type and number
Calibration point calibration factor unit
Filter calibration factor
Filter calibration factor
Display Menu
During the test the display briefly shows all possible
characters. The test can be interrupted by activation
of any of the keys. After the test the submenu remains on the display.
The display contrast can be adjusted between 0
and 9. Press to confirm a selection.
Auto Off [min]
Set the time for DIADOS E to switch off automatically when no controls are activated. The tens and
ones must be set individually and confirmed with .
Set the tens first. With ALT you exit the submenu
without saving changes.
2.6 Modes of Operation
DIADOS E offers two modes of operation, the normal mode and the pulsed mode, which are select-
ed via the MODE key. In the normal mode, the device measures dose, dose rate and time and a
timed measurement can be performed. In the
pulsed mode, the device measures dose, dose per
pulse and number of pulses.
2.7 Measuring Quantities
DIADOS E measures air kerma Ka (unit: Gy), air
kerma rate
uct (unit: [Gy*cm] or [R*cm]), air kerma length product rate (unit: [Gy*cm/s] or [R*cm/s]). The selection
has to be done in the Unit setup menu. The electrical unit C for measurement of the current (unit: A)
or of the charge (unit: C) is also selected in the
setup menu.
(unit: Gy/s), air kerma length prod-
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When used with X-ray units for radiation qualities
according to DIN EN 61267 (RQR 2 to RQR 10 and
RQA 2 to RQA 10) in range 40 to 150 kV:
dose or dose rate during radiography and
fluoroscopy
exposure time or irradiation time
dose per pulse and number of pulses
When used with mammography units for radiation
qualities according to DIN EN 61267 (RQR-M 1 to
RQR-M 4 and RQA-M 1 to RQA-M 4) as well as
Mo-Anode 25 µm Rh (+ 2 mm Al),
W-Anode 50 µm Rh (+ 2 mm Al) and
Rh-Anode 25 µm Rh (+ 2 mm Al)
W-Anode 50 µm Ag (+ 2 mm Al)
W-Anode 0.7 mm Al (+ 2 mm Al),
in range 25 to 45 kV:
dose or dose rate
exposure time or irradiation time
dose per pulse and number of pulses
When used at dental X-ray units in the range of
40 kV to 90 kV with filter 8.5 mm Al or 8.5 mm Al +
0.5 mm Cu:
dose or dose rate
exposure time or irradiation time
dose per pulse and number of pulses
When used with CT systems for radiation qualities
according to DIN EN 61267 (RQT 8 to RQT 10) in
range 100 to 150) kV:
dose length product or dose length product
rate
exposure time or irradiation time
dose per pulse and number of pulses
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Low
Medium
High
MAM
0.15 µGy/s ... 120 µGy/s
0.02 mGy/s ... 12 mGy/s
2 mGy/s ... 1.3 Gy/s
DENT
0.1 µGy/s... 45 µGy/s
0.01 mGy/s ... 5 mGy/s
0.5 mGy/s ... 500 mGy/s
RAD
0.1 µGy/s... 45 µGy/s
0.01 mGy/s ... 5 mGy/s
0.5 mGy/s ... 500 mGy/s
CT
0.2 mGy*cm/s... 150 mGy*cm/s
0.02 Gy*cm/s... 17 Gy*cm/s
2 Gy*cm/s ... 1700 Gy*cm/s
Current
3 pA ... 2 nA
0.3 nA ... 200 nA
0.03 µA ... 20 µA
Low
Medium
High
MAM
0.15 µGy ... 1.2 Gy
20 µGy ... 120 Gy
2 mGy ... 13 kGy
DENT
0.1 µGy ... 450 mGy
10 µGy ... 50 Gy
0.5 mGy ... 5 kGy
RAD
0.1 µGy ... 450 mGy
10 µGy ... 50 Gy
0.5 mGy ... 5 kGy
CT
0.2 mGy*cm ... 1.5 kGy*cm
20 mGy*cm ... 170 kGy*cm
2 Gy*cm ... 17 MGy*cm
Charge
3 pC ... 20 µC
0.3 nC ... 2 mC
30 nC ... 200 mC
2.8 Measuring Ranges
The limits of the measuring range depend on the
selected range (keys ALT + RANGE) and on the
selected radiation (keys ALT + FILTER).
2.8.1 Range Limits for Dose Rate Measurement
Table 1: Range limits for dose rate measurement. Typical values for a minimum resolution of 1% in depend-
ence of the measuring range and of the application
2.8.2 Range Limits for Dose Measurement
Table 2: Range limits for dose measurement. Typical values for a minimum resolution of 1% in dependence of
the measuring range and of the application
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f
[Hz]
T
pulse
[ms]
Low
[nGy/pulse]
Medium
[µGy/pulse]
High
[µGy/pulse]
150
3.3
2
0.1 ... 1
9
5.5
4
0.12
0.07
0.07
11.0
6.0
3.5
100
5
3
0.1 ... 1
10
6
3.5
0.1
0.1
0.1
13
8
5
50
10
5
0.1 ... 3
15
7
3.5
0.2
0.2
0.2
24
13
10
25
20
10
0.1 ... 3
26
12
5
0.5
0.4
0.4
52
25
15
10
20
10
0.1 ... 1
26
10
5
1
1
0.5
50
50
5
2.8.3 Lower Range Limit for Dose per Pulse Measurement
Table 3 shows the lower range limits for dose per
pulse measurements. If the measured value drops
below the lower limit, DIADOS E will display LO
instead of the measured value.
Two asterisks "**" appearing next to a measuring
value indicate an elevated measuring error due to
insufficient resolution.
Table 3: Lower range limit for dose per pulse measurement. Typical values at a minimum resolution of 1% in
dependence of the measurement range. We assume that the pulse duration T
is shorter than the
pulse
interval between two pulses.
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2.9 Digital Resolution
The minimum digital resolution of the dose and
dose rate readout within the measurement range
limits shown in tables 1 and 2 is 1%. The display
range for radiography and fluoroscopy time is
(0.001 … 9999) s, in the LOW range (0.01 ...
9999) s.
The digital resolution for the charge and current
readout is 30 fC and 30 fA, respectively.
2.10 Entering the Chamber Calibration Factor
If DIADOS E is not officially calibrated, the stored
calibration data can be completed or corrected (e.g.
for a new detector) by means of a command sent
via the RS232 interface. To officially calibrate
DIADOS E for specific applications, the device and
all detectors to be used should be shipped to PTW
Freiburg.
For information on the command, please refer to
the separate interface manual „RS232 Interface for
PTW-DIADOS E“ D616.131.01.
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Turn the device on
ON/OFF
Setup
RESET + APPL.
Selection of unit, timer, contrast and auto
power-off
data display
Connect detector
Socket
DETECTOR
DIADOS Diagnostic Detector T60004 for
dental and conventional radiography
DIADOS MAM Detector T60005 for mammography
CT ion chamber TM30009, TM30017 or
TM77336 each with adapter
Select application
APPL.
RAD
DENT
CT
Mammography (MamM/M, MamM/R,
MamW/A, MamW/R, MamR/R, MamWAg)
Select filter/calibration factor
ALT + FILTER
Unatt.
Att.
Select operating mode
MODE
Normal mode with measurement of dose,
dose rate and time or
pulsed mode with measurement of dose,
dose per pulse and pulse
Select measuring range
ALT + RANGE
LOW, MEDIUM, HIGH or Auto Range
Display changeover
ALT
In normal mode toggle between dose, dose
rate and time or
in pulsed mode toggle between dose, dose
per pulse and pulse
Perform zero adjustment
ALT + ZERO
Measurement
AUTOSTART
or
START/STOP
Measurement begins when signal is detected
Manual start and stop
3 DIADOS E – Brief Operating Instructions
Allow the device to warm up before zeroing and
before performing measurements.
Except for CT applications (dose length product
unit), the detector should always be fully irradiated.
DIADOS E is permanently in the Autostart mode.
This means that a measurement begins, as soon as
a signal is detected.
The START/STOP key can be used to initiate a
measurement manually.
While a measurement is in progress, the current
dose/dose rate is indicated in intervals of 0.5 s. The
ALT key can be pressed to toggle between the different readouts during a measurement.
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1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
4 Performing a Measurement
4.1 General Information for Measurements
After turning DIADOS E on, you will first see the
PTW logo and the firmware version number; then
the measurement display appears. All settings (setup as well as the MODE, RANGE, APPL. and
FILTER keys) of the last application are retained.
Only the measuring values are reset to zero.
4.2 Dose, Dose Rate and Dose per Pulse Measurement
4.2.1 Preparing for a Measurement
For measurement of the dose, dose rate or dose
per pulse, DIADOS E must be set to radiological
units. If need change the unit selection in the Setup
menu.
Select application and filter/calibration factor: keys
APPL. and ALT + FILTER.
Select measuring range with RANGE: If the range
changes automatically during the measurement, the
readout changes to AUTO M or AUTO H.
Select operating mode with MODE.
Perform a zero adjustment (key ZERO, refer to
chapter 1.5.4).
Figure 14: DIADOS E display for radiological
measurements
1 Resolution:
" " greater than 0.5 %,
"*" greater than 1 %,
"**" less than 1 %
2 Unit C, Gy or R; displayed in reverse video in
pulsed mode
3 Application:
RAD – convential radiology,
DENT – dental application,
CT – CT application or
MamX/X – mammography
(MamM/M, MamM/R, MamW/A,
MamW/R, MamR/R, MamWAg)
4 Measuring range: Low, Med, High or Auto
5 Measuring value
6 Measurement status:
RDY – ready to take a measurement,
RUN – measurement in progress,
STA – measurement started with START/STOP,
STP – measurement stopped with
START/STOP,
TST – measurement stopped by timer
7 Filter:
"Unatt." (without additional filtration) or
"Att. " (with additional filtration)
8 Battery status: full/depleted
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NOTE
Check that the semiconductor detector suitable
for the application is connected to DIADOS E
and that the appropriate calibration factor has
been selected with APPL and ALT+FILTER.
Otherwise DIADOS E will not be able to display
the correct values.
CAUTION
Improper handling.
Equipment damage!
Do not use tape with two adhesive sides because the detector is difficult to remove. Keep
the X-ray path clear of adhesive tape.
4.2.2 Positioning the Semiconductor Detectors
Position the semiconductor detector for the selected
application. If you have selected the “Unatt.”
FILTER setting, for instance, DIADOS E expects to
measure the dose in front of the phantom. If you
have selected the “Att.” filter setting, however,
DIADOS E expects to measure the dose behind the
phantom.
4.2.3 Starting the Measurement
Autostart:
DIADOS E is permanently in the Autostart mode.
This means that a dose measurement begins, as
soon as a signal is detected. Before, however, all
measuring values will be set to zero.
Dose rate measurement with the timer function:
The dose rate measurement begins 3 s after a dose
rate signal is detected (see section 1.5.10).
Manual start:
A dose measurement and the corresponding time
measurement can also be started with the START
key.
4.2.4 Display during the Measurement
Using cassette adapter T20002
The detector is installed within the cassette adapter
which, in turn, is inserted in the holder for the image
receptor cassette (refer user manual of the detector).
If a suitable adapter is not available, a Velcro tape
can be used to install the detector in the X-ray path.
The Velcro tape should be attached on the back of
the detector for this purpose.
The display is updated at 0.5 s intervals.
Normal mode:
Depending on your selection, the dose, the dose
rate or the measuring time will be displayed with the
ALT key. With ALT you can toggle between the
displayed parameters during and after the measurement.
Pulsed mode:
Depending on your selection, the dose, the dose
per pulse or the number of pulses will be displayed
with the ALT key. With ALT you can toggle between
the displayed parameters during and after the
measurement.
In the dose per pulse measurement, the device
determines the dose while counting the pulses. The
correct result will not be displayed before the end of
the series of pulses. During the measurement the
displayed values will be below the actual values,
but they approach the actual value with increasing
duration of the pulse series.
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NOTE
The displayed dose per pulse result is a value
averaged over all pulses of the series. A change
of the dose rate during the measurement, without
a minimum pause of the measuring delay time,
will cause erroneous readouts.
NOTE
If the selected fluoroscopy time is too short and
the timer function is enabled, the following
readouts may be displayed after the measurement:
both dose rate and measuring time are zero
dose rate and measuring time, the measuring
time is shorter than the timer interval. The
displayed measuring values blink (see section 1.5.10).
4.2.6 Display at End of Measurement
When the measurement is over, the following parameters are displayed: dose and time or dose per
pulse and number of pulses.
The dose rate indication depends on the measurement type: with or without timer.
If a pulse count error occurs due to a signal that is
too small (see section 2.8.3) DIADOS E will display
“LO” instead of the value.
Dose rate measurement:
During dose rate measurements, the dose rate is
displayed at intervals of 0.5 s. If the timer is active,
the measuring time will blink for a period of time
equivalent to the timer setting plus 6 s. Afterwards,
the measuring time will stop blinking.
Digital resolution:
If the resolution is insufficient, one or two asterisks
(* or **) are displayed to the left of the measured
value.
If the digital resolution is below 1 %, two asterisks **
are displayed. For resolutions between 0.5 % and
1 %, one asterisk * is displayed. When no asterisks
are displayed, the digital resolution is better than
0.5 %.
Without timer:
The displayed dose rate is zero.
With timer:
After the measurement, the average dose rate and
the timer interval (2 s/20 s) will be displayed. The
mean dose rate is the average calculated over the
last 2 s or 20 s of fluoroscopy; the last 3 s before
the radiation switches off are ignored.
4.2.5 Ending the Measurement
A measurement initiated with Autostart ends automatically when no measuring signal is detected for
more than the measuring delay time. It is not possible to stop the measurement manually. RESET
aborts a measurement and resets the measured
values to zero. With START/STOP you abort an
Autostart measurement and initiate a manual
measurement.
A manually initiated measurement is stopped with
START/STOP.
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4.3 Charge and Current Measurement
4.3.1 General Information
DIADOS E can also be used as an electrometer for
measurement of current or charge. This is possible
only when the unit C has been selected in the Setup menu.
Please note that DIADOS E will almost exclusively
measure currents and charges in the direction indicated as positive. A positive direction means that
the current will flow from the amplifier. In the direction indicated as negative, currents up to only approx. -1 pA can be measured.
4.3.2 Preparing for a Measurement
Use the RANGE function to select the measuring
range LOW, MEDIUM or HIGH. Table 1 section 2.8
shows the upper range limits for the ranges Low,
Medium, and High in current measurements. The
same limits apply for charge measurements
(Table 2 section 2.8), because these are based on
current measurements.
Besides the fixed ranges, the Autorange can also
be selected with the RANGE function. The Autorange is indicated by AUTO L in the line indicating
the range.
Use the MODE key to select normal or pulsed
mode. In normal mode, the device will measure the
current, the charge and the time. In pulsed mode,
the device will measure the charge, the charge per
pulse and the number of pulses and the unit in the
upper line is displayed in reverse video.
Please observe the information given in chapter 2.
Connect the measuring cable to the DETECTOR
socket at the top of DIADOS E (refer to Figure 2).
The display will be similar to the one shown in Figure 15 (electrical unit in the first line, no indication of
application and filter).
Figure 15: Display in electrometer mode
Now install the detector at the measuring point.
4.3.3 Starting the Measurement
DIADOS E is permanently in the Autostart mode. A
measurement will begin as soon as a signal is detected. The measurement can also be started manually with the START/STOP key.
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4.3.4 Display during the Measurement
4.3.6 Display at End of Measurement
Normal mode:
Depending on your selection, the current, the
charge or the measuring time will be displayed with
the ALT key. With ALT you can toggle between the
displayed parameters during and after the measurement.
Pulsed mode:
Depending on your selection, the charge, the
charge per pulse or the number of pulses will be
displayed with the ALT key. With ALT you can toggle between the displayed parameters during and
after the measurement.
Digital resolution:
If the resolution is insufficient, one or two asterisks
(* or **) are displayed to the left of the measured
value. If the digital resolution of the display is below
1%, two asterisks ** will appear, with a resolution
between 0.5% and 1% one asterisk * appears; if the
digital resolution is greater than 0.5% no asterisks
are displayed.
Normal mode:
After the measurement, you can toggle between the
measured values with the ALT key. The current is
given as 0.00 A.
Pulsed mode:
After the measurement, you can toggle between the
measured values with the ALT key.
4.3.5 Ending the Measurement
A measurement initiated with Autostart ends automatically when no measuring signal is detected for
more than the measuring delay time.
A manually initiated measurement is stopped with
START/STOP.
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NOTE
A measurement cannot be performed with the
Autostart function of DIADOS E when the detector is located in one of the peripheral bore holes
of the CT phantom. In this case a measurement
must be started with the START/STOP key. A
measurement can be performed with the Autostart function when the detector is located in the
central bore hole.
4.4 Measurements in Computed Tomography
Connect the CT chamber according to section 2.3.2
and check the high voltage of the CT adapter. Position the CT chamber for the selected application.
The device is operated as described in the previous
sections. The following difference, however, should
be observed: Instead of the parameters dose and
dose rate, the device will determine the parameters
dose-length product and dose-length product rate
(unit R or Gy).
Settings at DIADOS E
Use the APPL. key to select the application CT.
Use the MODE and the ALT + FILTER keys to select the operating mode and the necessary filter
setting. Typical settings: RQT9 0.25 mm Cu for
measurements free in air and for measurements in
phantoms. The LOW range is suitable for most
measurements.
Zero adjustment
Perform a zero adjustment. Please note that after
application of high voltage to the chamber the potentials in the chamber may take a few minutes to
stabilize.
Measurement
Perform the measurement as described in section 4.2 and perform an air density correction of the
reading.
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CAUTION
Improper handling.
Equipment damage!
Do not use tape with two adhesive sides because the detector is difficult to remove. Keep
the X-ray path clear of adhesive tape.
4.5 Measurement at Dental X-ray Units
For measurement of the image receptor dose KB at
intraoral, remote and panorama X-ray units,
DIADOS E must be set to radiological units (Setup
menu).
Additionally, an absorber according to DIN 6868-51
(PTW absorber T42018 or T42029) must be installed between the focus and the detector and the
correct radiation quality must be selected with the
FILTER key at the DIADOS E (see section 1.5.6).
Performing a measurement
The desired dental qualities must be selected with
the keys ALT + FILTER. For filtration with
2.5 mm Al (RAD application) and 8.5 mm Al, the
calibration factors for a tube voltage of 70 kV are
stored in the DIADOS E; you will find the correction
factors kq for 50 and 90 kV in the calibration certificate of the respective detector (refer also to user
manual of the detectors D860.131.00).
4.5.1 Measurement at Intraoral and Remote Xray Units
Positioning the semiconductor detector
Position the detector in the image receptor plane of
the X-ray unit such that the active field of the detector is fully irradiated while the radiograph is taken; a
square on the detector housing marks the active
field.
You can install the detector in the X-ray path, using
Velcro tape. The Velcro tape should be attached on
the back of the detector for this purpose.
Use the MODE key to set the DIADOS E to normal
mode.
DIADOS E is permanently in the Autostart mode.
This means that a dose measurement begins, as
soon as a signal is detected.
Perform a zero adjustment.
Initiate a radiograph at the X-ray unit; after the exposure, you can toggle between the image receptor
dose KB and the duration of the measurement with
the ALT key.
To perform a new measurement, simply initiate
another radiograph; this will automatically delete the
previous parameter readout (Autoreset).
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CAUTION
Improper handling.
Equipment damage!
Do not use tape with two adhesive sides because the detector is difficult to remove. Keep
the X-ray path clear of adhesive tape.
CAUTION
Improper handling.
Equipment damage!
Ensure that the cable is routed so as not to impede the range of motion of the X-ray unit and of
the cassette adapter.
Position the attenuator such that it covers the
semiconductor detector in its entirety while the
radiograph is taken.
WARNING
Improper handling.
Patient Hazard!
A measurement performed in the Autostart mode
at panorama X-ray units will not yield correct
dose values, because a detector signal caused
by scattered radiation may cause the parameter
readout to autoreset even after the detector has
passed through the X-ray. A dose measurement
should always be performed with the
START/STOP key.
4.5.2 Measurements at Panorama X-ray Units
Positioning the semiconductor detector
For dose measurement at panorama X-ray units
with a moving image receptor cassette, the semiconductor detector as well as a cassette adapter is
used. The cassette adapter replaces the image
receptor cassette (Refer to the user manual of the
detector).
The detector is connected to the DIADOS E via
extension cable.
If it is not possible to use the cassette adapter (e.g.
due to its size) you can install the detector in the Xray path, using Velcro tape. The Velcro tape should
be attached on the back of the detector for this purpose.
Performing a measurement
Perform a zero adjustment.
For a dose measurement, the Autostart mode must
first of all be disabled with the START key. After
activation of the START key, DIADOS E will begin
measuring the time and dose, and a panoramic
radiograph can be initiated.
Assemble the absorber demanded by DIN 6868-51
(PTW absorber T42018 or T42029) and attach it to
the secondary diaphragm, using adhesive tape
(also refer to section 4.2.2). Keep the adhesive tape
away from the X-ray path.
Select the appropriate radiation quality with the
FILTER key at the DIADOS E (see section 1.5.6).
When the radiograph has been taken DIADOS E
will indicate the image receptor dose KB measured
by the detector; the displayed measuring time is
irrelevant.
The next measurement can be performed by pushing the START/STOP key and initiating a new panoramic radiograph.
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Message
Cause
Remedy
REPEAT
Overranging of the electronic
measuring system in dose
measurements and Autorange mode.
See section 1.5.8.
Repeat measurement.
OL
The electronic measuring
system is out of range.
A negative overload condition is indicated by
–OL.
Select another measuring range with RANGE.
LO
The lower range limit was
exceeded in the dose/pulse
mode.
Choose a more sensitive range and repeat the measurement.
EEPROM defect
Defect of the internal
memory.
The device cannot be used any more. Please contact
Customer Service. After 5 s DIADOS E will switch off.
Electrical
calibration factors
corrupted!
Electrical calibration problem.
The device cannot be used any more. Please contact
Customer Service. After 5 s DIADOS E will switch off.
Setup corrupted!
RESET = continue
with default values
Erroneous device settings,
problem is not severe.
Confirm message with RESET and continue.
Values for range, mode, filter, etc. are reset to the
defaults.
Radiological
calibration factors
corrupted
RESET = set defaults
The radiological calibration
for one of the applications is
erroneous.
Confirm the message with RESET. This will set the
calibration factors of the application in question to
0.000. Download the calibration factors via the system’s interface („User Manual RS232 Interface for
PTW-DIADOS E“ D616.131.01).
Radiological
calibration factors
corrupted
The radiological calibration
for one of the calibrated applications is erroneous.
The device cannot be used any more. Please contact
Customer Service. After 5 s DIADOS E will switch off.
Data Error
press RESET
The processor is not functioning correctly.
Press RESET and repeat the measurement.
Zero failed
press RESET
Due to an excessive zero
signal, the system could not
be zeroed.
Make sure that the connected detector is not irradiated
and does not move while the system is being zeroed.
See section 1.5.4.
5 Error Messages and Troubleshooting
5.1 Equipment Error Messages
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Problem
Cause
Remedy
No keypad response.
Keypad locked via interface.
Unlock keypad via interface. Refer to interface
description („User Manual RS232 Interface for
PTW-DIADOS E“).
LCD does not illuminate.
The rechargeable batteries
are depleted.
Connect the multi-range power supply. The batteries charge as soon as the power supply is connected.
The calibration data of
the application cannot
be displayed.
The device is not calibrated
for the application.
Download the calibration factors of the appropriate detector via the interface („User Manual
RS232 Interface for PTW-DIADOS E“).
5.2 Problems during Operation
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39
Device designation
PTW-DIADOS E, type 11035
Manufacturer
PTW-Freiburg
Type-approval certificate in
Germany
as: Diagnostic dosemeter
by: German National Metrology Institute (Physikalisch-
Technischen Bundesanstalt, PTB) in Braunschweig
according to: § 13 of the German Verification Act (Eichgesetz) of
March 23, 1992, (BGBl. I S. 711) in the presently relevant
version
approval sign:
23.04
03.01
issued to: PTW-Freiburg
Use
Diagnostic dosemeter acc. to IEC 61674 for dose and dose rate
measurement in diagnostic X-ray applications, for measurement
of the dose length product and the dose length product rate in CT
applications,
electrometer for current and charge measurement
Measuring mode
continuous operation
Pollution degree
II
Overvoltage category
II
Protection class
II
Electrical safety class
IEC61010-1
Electromagnetic compatibility
suitable for operation in a basic electromagnetic environment
according to IEC 61326-1
Influence of electromagnetic
disturbances
5% of the beginning of the measuring range acc. to IEC 61674
Technical Manual
6 Technical Specifications
Only values with specified tolerances or limits are guaranteed. Values without tolerances are for information
only.
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Device designation
PTW-DIADOS E, type 11035
Measuring quantities and units
air kerma in [Gy], air kerma rate in [Gy/s],
exposure in [R], exposure rate in [R/s],
irradiation time in [s],
current in [A], charge in [C]
dose per pulse in [Gy/pulse] or [R/pulse]
number of pulses
with optional CT adapter: air kerma length product in [Gy*cm] or
[R*cm], air kerma length product rate in [Gy*cm/s] or [R*cm/s]
Display range for irradiation
time
(0.001 ... 9999) s in the ranges Medium and High
(0.01 ... 9999) s in the range Low
Digital resolution
DIADOS E electrometer: 30 fA or 30 fC
DIADOS Diagnostic Detector T60004: 1 nGy/s or 1 nGy
DIADOS MAM Detector T60005: 2 nGy/s or 2 nGy
Leakage current (zero drift)
30 fA
Settling time
1 s in the ranges Medium and High
3 s in the range Low
Reproducibility
(standard deviation)
0.5 %
Energy dependence in each
nominal useful range
5 %
Linearity
2 %
Dose rate dependence
2 %
Effect of radiation incidence
( 5)
3 %
Power supply
4 rechargeable NiMH batteries, size AA (L389028)
operating time with one set of batteries (2600 mAh):
approx. 30 hours
charging time: 23 hours
or
multi-range power supply (L991047)
(115 … 230) V ± 15 %; (50 … 60) Hz, 9 VDC 10 W,
external via jack plug, 9 VDC ± 10 %, max. 500 mA
Stabilization time
30 s
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Device designation
PTW-DIADOS E, type 11035
Rated range of use
Temperature
Relative humidity
Atmospheric pressure
Maximum operating altitude
(10 ... 40) C
(10 ... 80) C rel. humidity; 20 g/m³ max.
(700 ... 1060) hPa
3000 m above sea level
Environmental conditions for
transport and storage
Temperature
Relative humidity
Atmospheric pressure
(-20 ... 60) C
(10 ... 85) C rel. humidity
(600 ... 1200) hPa
Dimensions
100 mm x 44 mm x 200 mm incl. socket
Weight
500 g incl. batteries
The product fulfills the following requirements of EN55011 / IEC/CISPR11.
Emissions test
Compliance
Electromagnetic environment –
guidance
RF emissions
IEC/CISPR 11
Group 1
The product uses RF energy only for its internal
function. Therefore, its RF emissions are very low
and are not likely to cause any interference in nearby electronic equipment.
RF emissions
IEC/CISPR 11
Class B
The product is suitable for use in all establishments,
including domestic establishments and those directly connected to the public low-voltage power supply
network that supplies buildings used for domestic
purposes.
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WARNING
Improper execution of service tasks.
Hazards to Persons! Equipment Damage!
The following service tasks must only be performed by specially trained staff.
Further service tasks may only be carried out by
PTW-Freiburg or by persons authorized by
PTW-Freiburg.
WARNING
Liquids have entered the device.
Shock Hazard, Erroneous Measurement!
The device must be thoroughly inspected by
service personnel before being used again.
CAUTION
Disinfection of the surface with disinfectants on a
phenol base or peroxide compounds.
Equipment Damage!
Do not use disinfectants on a phenol base or
peroxide compounds to disinfect the surface.
Service Manual
7 Cleaning
Device surface
Before cleaning or disinfecting the device sur-
face, disconnect the device from the power line.
Wipe the device clean with a moist cloth. Do not
let liquid enter the device. Do not apply spray to
the device.
Use a mild soap solution to clean the device.
Due to the device geometry, a thorough disinfection is not possible. The device cannot be sterilized.
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Cables
8.3 Safety Inspections
Disconnect the cables from the devices (always
pull on the connectors, not on the cables!).
Clean the cable by rubbing it down with a cloth
moistened with soap water or disinfectant.
Do not immerse the cable in liquids!
8 Maintenance
In the following you will find a list of the maintenance measures and inspections necessary for the
product.
8.1 Checks before each use
Before each use, visually inspect the device and
cables for signs of mechanical damage.
Also check the display as outlined in section 2.5.
If you detect signs of damage or functional problems, have the device repaired before putting it
into service again.
8.2 Repair
Repairs may only be carried out by PTW-Freiburg
or by persons / companies authorized by
PTW-Freiburg.
Only regularly inspected products are fail-safe. To
preserve the functional security and operational
safety, a safety inspection is to be executed at
regular intervals according to national regulations.
These inspections must only be performed by independent persons with adequate training and experience.
It is recommended to execute the safety inspections
every 2 years.
8.4 Technical Inspections of the Measuring System
The product must be inspected at regular intervals
according to national regulations. It is recommended to perform technical inspections of the measuring system every 5 years at PTW-Freiburg or a
qualified calibration laboratory.
Inspections must also be performed after repairs or
after each influence which may have changed the
behavior of the product.
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DANGER
Improper handling of batteries.
Explosion Hazard!
Do not throw the rechargeable batteries into a
fire.
WARNING
Improper handling of batteries.
Bodily injury!
If electrolyte leaks from the battery, avoid contact
with skin or clothes. Immediately clean skin or
clothes that have come in contact with electrolyte
with water. In case of eye contact, immediately
rinse eyes with water and consult doctor.
Do not open rechargeable batteries.
WARNING
Improper handling of batteries.
Risk of Fire or Skin Burns!
Never short the rechargeable batteries together.
WARNING
Improper handling of batteries.
Bodily injury! Equipment damage!
Equipment damage - Do not open rechargeable
batteries. Never expose rechargeable batteries
to water. Store and use the rechargeable batteries at the ambient conditions (temperature, relative humidity) specified for the device.
8.5 Maintenance of Officially Calibrated Dosemeters
This paragraph concerns DIADOS E users in
countries where an official calibration is required, e.g. Germany.
In case of officially calibrated dosemeters, the user
is not allowed to open the instrument and to perform manipulations that may change the measuring
value. Therefore the housing is sealed with official
stickers. If one or more of these stickers are violated, then the official calibration is not longer valid.
If a dosemeter is not working correctly, then it may
be sent for repair to a service station that is approved by the authorities. After repair the dosemeter must be officially calibrated again. However, it
may be used until this new official calibration can be
done.
8.7 Rechargeable Batteries
If the repair has been performed by a non-approved
service station, then the dosemeter may only be
used for applications that are under the official calibration procedure if it has been officially recalibrated.
8.6 Calibration
When using not officially calibrated dosemeters, we
recommend having the system calibrated every 2
years at PTW-Freiburg or by specially trained staff
on site.
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NOTE
For the rechargeable batteries to keep their full
capacity, they should be fully discharged and
then recharged again approximately every
3 months.
CAUTION
Improper handling of batteries.
Equipment damage!
Do not operate the DIADOS E with disposable
batteries. Use only the special rechargeable
NiMH batteries.
NOTE
New rechargeable batteries will reach their full
capacity only after several charging and discharging cycles.
Charging
The batteries recharge whenever DIADOS E is
connected to the power line. The batteries take
about 23 hours to recharge. Overcharging is impossible.
The batteries have a service life of approx. 1 year. If
a set of recharged batteries does not provide power
for the full operating time of approx. 30 hours, the
batteries must be replaced.
Replacing the batteries
Insert 4 new NiMH batteries. Observe the bat-
tery polarity! Use only AA size NiMH batteries
(refer to section 6 Technical Specifications).
Close the battery compartment.
Follow these steps to replace the NiMH batteries:
Turn off DIADOS E.
Disconnect DIADOS E from the power line.
Remove the lid from the battery compartment on
the rear of the device and remove the NiMH batteries.
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9 Disposal of the Product
At the end of the product life, the components of the
DIADOS E must be disposed of in compliance with
the applicable waste control regulations.
The different materials must be separated and recycled as appropriate.
DIADOS E does not contain hazardous materials.
The electronic components must be recycled according to local regulations.
The rechargeable NiMH batteries must be disposed
of in compliance with the applicable regulations.
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Literature
[1] Council Directive 93/42/EEC concerning medical devices
(Medical Device Directive - MDD)
[2] Council Directive 97/43/EURATOM on health protection of
individuals against the dangers of ionizing radiation in relation to medical exposure
[3] IEC 61267
Medical diagnostic X-ray equipment -
Radiation conditions for use in the determination of characteristics
[4] IEC 61326-1
Electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use - EMC requirements –
Part 1: General requirements
[5] IEC 61674 Medical electrical equipment -
Dosimeters with ionization chambers and/or semi-conductor
detectors as used in X-ray diagnostic imaging
[6] IEC 61010-1
Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use;
Part 1: General requirement
[7] IEC 60950-1
Information technology equipment - Safety
Part 1: General requirements
[8] DIN 6868-51
Image quality assurance in X-ray diagnostics -
Acceptance testing of dental radiographic equipment; Rules
for the inspection of image quality after installation, maintenance and modification
[9] IEC 61140
Protection against electric shock -
Common aspects for installation and equipment
[10] EN 55011 (IEC/CISPR 11)
Industrial, scientific and medical equipment - Radiofrequency disturbance characteristics - Limits and methods
of measurement
Page 49
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49
This symbol indicates the product contains hazardous materials in excess of the limits established by the Chinese standard SJ/T11363-2006 Requirements for Concentration Limits for Cer-
tain Hazardous Substances in Electronic Information Products. The number in the symbol is the
Environment-friendly Use Period (EFUP), which indicates the period during which the toxic or
hazardous substances or elements contained in electronic information products will not leak or
mutate under normal operating conditions so that the use of such electronic information products
will not result in any severe environmental pollution, any bodily injury or damage to any assets.
The unit of the period is “Year”.
In order to maintain the declared EFUP, the product shall be operated normally according to the
instructions and environmental conditions as defined in the product manual, and periodic maintenance schedules specified in Product Maintenance Procedures shall be followed strictly.
Consumables or certain parts may have their own label with an EFUP value less than the product. Periodic replacement of those consumables or parts to maintain the declared EFUP shall be
done in accordance with the Product Maintenance Procedures.
This product must not be disposed of as unsorted municipal waste, and must be collected separately and handled properly after decommissioning.
该标识表明本产品含有的有毒有害物质超出SJ/T113632006标准规定的《电子信息产品中有毒有害物质的限量要求》。标识中的数字为本产品的环保使
用期限（EFUP），表明在正常使用的条件下，电子信息产品内含的有毒有害物质或元素不会发生
外泄或突变，用户使用该电子信息产品不会对环境造成任何严重污染或对人身、财产造成任何严重
损害的期限。单位为年。
为保证所声明的环保使用期限，应按产品手册中所规定的指示和环境条件进行正常使用，并严格遵
守产品维护程序中规定的定期维护和保养日程。
产品中的耗件或某些零部件可能具有单独的标识，其环保使用期限有可能短于产品本身的环保使用
期限。应按产品维护程序定期更换这些耗件或零部件，以保证所声明的整个产品的环保使用期限。
本产品在使用寿命结束后不可作为普通生活垃圾处理，必须另行收集并作妥善处理。
Appendix A: China Electronic Industry Standard Compliance
附录：中华人民共和国电子产业标准
This Supplement concerns China Electronic Industry Standard Compliance
此附录涉及中华人民共和国电子产业标准的相关规定
The following product pollution control information is provided according to SJ/T11364-2006 Marking for Control
of Pollution caused by Electronic Information Products.
根据SJ/T11364-2006标准规定的《电子信息产品污染控制标识要求》特提供以下有关产品污染控制方面的信息。
1. Explanation of Pollution Control Label
污染控制标识说明
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Component Name
部件名称
Hazardous substances’ name
有毒有害物质的名称
(Pb)
（铅）
(Hg)
（汞）
(Cd)
（镉）
(Cr(VI))
（六价铬）
(PBB)
（多溴联苯）
(PBDE)
（多溴二苯醚）
Display
显示设备
X X X X X
X
Others
其它
X O X X X
X
O: Indicates that this toxic or hazardous substance contained in all of the homogeneous materials for this part
is below the limit requirement in SJ/T11363-2006.
X: Indicates that this toxic or hazardous substance contained in at least one of the homogeneous materials
used for this part is above the limit requirement in SJ/T11363-2006
Data listed in the table represents best information available at the time of publication.
This table shows where these substances may be found in the supply chain of PTW electronic information
products, as of the date of sale of the enclosed product. Note that some of the component types listed
above may or may not be a part of the enclosed product.
O: 表示该有毒有害物质在该部件所有均质材料中的含量均在SJ/T11363-2006 标准规定的限量要求以下。
X: 表示该有毒有害物质至少在该部件的某一均质材料中的含量超出SJ/T11363-2006 标准规定的限量要求。
此表所列数据为直至发布时所能获得的最全面信息。
此表表明自本产品销售之日起在PTW电子信息产品的供应链上何处可能找到以上所述有毒有害物质。请注
意，以上所列的部件类型中的一些可能不属于本产品。
2. Name and Concentration of Hazardous Substances
有毒有害物质的名称及含量
Table 1 - Hazardous substances’ name and concentration.
表1 - 有毒有害物质的名称及含量
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51
Index
A
ALT ............................................................................... 17
Appendix ....................................................................... 49
APPL. ............................................................................ 15
Application range .......................................................... 15
Auto off .......................................................................... 23
B
Measurement at dental X-ray units ................................ 35
Measurement, start/stop ................................................ 14
Measurements at panorama X-ray units ........................ 36
Measurements in Computed Tomography ............... 21, 34
Measuring Delay Time ................................................... 23
Measuring modalities ..................................................... 23
Measuring quantities ...................................................... 23
Measuring range ............................................................ 16
Measuring range limits ................................................... 25
MODE ............................................................................ 16
Basic settings ................................................................ 22
Batteries ........................................................................ 45
Brief operating instructions ............................................ 28
C
Calibration ..................................................................... 45
Calibration data ............................................................. 22
Calibration factors ......................................................... 15
Chamber calibration factor ............................................ 27
Charge and current, measurement ............................... 32
Cleaning ........................................................................ 43
Connectors .................................................................... 12
D
Detector, connection of ................................................. 20
Device, description ........................................................ 11
Display .................................................................... 12, 23
Disposal ........................................................................ 47
Dose, dose rate or dose/pulse measurement................ 29
E
Error messages ............................................................. 37
F
Features ........................................................................ 11
FILTER .......................................................................... 15
G
General information ......................................................... 2
I
Illustrations ...................................................................... 5
Inserting the Rechargeable Batteries ............................ 19
Intended use ................................................................... 6
K
Keypad .......................................................................... 13
L
Literature ....................................................................... 48
M
N
Normal mode ................................................................. 16
O
Officially calibrated dosemeters ..................................... 45
ON/OFF ......................................................................... 14
Operating mode, change ............................................... 16
P
Positioning ..................................................................... 21
Power ON/OFF .............................................................. 14
Problems during operation ............................................. 38
Pulsed mode .................................................................. 16
Putting into operation ..................................................... 19
R
RANGE .......................................................................... 16
Repair ............................................................................ 44
RESET ........................................................................... 14
Resolution, digital .......................................................... 27
S
Safety information ............................................................ 6
Safety inspections.......................................................... 44
Setup ............................................................................. 22
START/STOP ................................................................ 14
T
Technical inspections of the measuring system ............ 44
Technical specifications ................................................. 39
Timer ............................................................................. 22
TIMER function .............................................................. 17
Troubleshooting ............................................................. 37
U
Unit ................................................................................ 22
Z
ZERO ............................................................................. 14
Zero adjustment ............................................................. 14
Maintenance .................................................................. 44
Measurement ................................................................ 29
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