PS AUDIO DirectStream DAC Junior black DirectStream-Junior-Owners-Manual-Rev-A-V3.pdf

Owner’s Reference

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Instructions for Use

Owner’s Reference DirectStream Junior

DirectStream Junior™

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Important Safety
Instructions

Introduction

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Read these instructions
Heed all warnings
Follow all instructions

WARNING. TO REDUCE THE RISK OF FIRE OR ELECTRICAL SHOCK, DO NOT EXPOSE THIS
APPARATUS TO RAIN OR MOISTURE.

Clean only with a dry cloth.

Do not place ammable material on top of or beneath the component.

All PS Audio components require adequate ventilation at all times during operation. Rack
mounting is acceptable where appropriate.

Do not remove or bypass the ground pin on the end of the AC cord unless absolutely necessary
to reduce hum from ground loops of connected equipment. This may cause RFI (radio frequency
interference) to be induced into your playback setup. All PS products ship with a grounding type
plug. If the provided plug does not t into your outlet, consult an electrician for replacement of the
obsolete outlet.

Owner’s Reference DirectStream Junior

Protect the power cord from being walked on or pinched, particularly at plugs, convenience
receptacles, and the point where they exit from the apparatus. Unplug this apparatus during
lightning storms or when unused for long periods of time.

When making connections to this or any other component, make sure all components are o. Turn
o all systems’ power before connecting the PS Audio component to any other component. Make
sure all cable terminations are of the highest quality.

There are no user serviceable fuses inside this product.

THERE ARE NO USER-SERVICEABLE PARTS INSIDE ANY PS AUDIO PRODUCT. REFER ALL
SERVICING TO QUALIFIED SERVICE PERSONNEL

Please contact your authorized dealer, distributor, or PS Audio if you have any questions not
addressed in this reference manual.

PS Audio® is a registered trademark of PS Audio Inc., and is restricted for use by PS Audio, Inc.,
its subsidiaries, and authorized agents.

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Introduction

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Owner’s Reference DirectStream Junior

Thank You

Designed by Ted
Smith

Uncover What
You’ve Been
Missing

Unique
Architecture

Thank you for your purchase of the PS Audio® DirectStream Junior Digital to Analog Converter.

The PS Audio PerfectWave™ DirectStream Junior Digital to Analog Converter (DAC) is a state of­the-art DAC, preamplier and media center. DirectStream accepts PCM as well as DSD Digital Audio
data and converts it to high-performance analog audio that can be fed directly to a power amplier or
preamplier.

DirectStream Junior, based on its larger sibling, the DirectStream DAC, represents a major advancement
in the art of recreating the musical event.

Musical information that may have previously been hidden (or covered up by other DACs) in digital
audio media ranging from CDs to high resolution downloads will be uncovered by DirectStream Junior.

Subtle musical details and cues such as upper harmonics, decay, reverb and room
reections will no longer be masked by the conversion process from digital to analog. Your
music will sound natural, and you will be able to rediscover much of what you may have
been missing in your digital audio library with the introduction of DirectStream Junior into your system.

DirectStream Junior features a unique architecture inside. From its digital inputs to its simple output
stage, DirectStream Junior has been hand written, hand designed and personally voiced by its
designer, Ted Smith, along with PS Audio CEO, Paul McGowan and legendary loudspeaker designer
and founder of Innity Loudspeaker Systems, Arnie Nudell.

DirectStream Junior is based on a FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) as its core processor and
no o-the-shelf DAC chips are used in its design.

Less Sensitive
to Jitter

DSD Based

DirectStream Junior is less sensitive to the vagaries of input source types and their level of jitter
than most DACs made. Remarkably low jitter sensitivity is one of the hallmarks of this design and
is accomplished by not using classic edge transition detection techniques on the digital input data.
Instead, a proprietary method of extremely fast sample-and-recognize technology is employed that
reduces dependency on cables, jitter and the quality of the incoming data source.

Once the data from the selected digital audio source has been input to DirectStream Junior, it is
upsampled to ten times the standard DSD rate of 2.8MHz before any processing takes place. After
processing by DirectStream Junior, all input data is converted to double rate DSD (5.6MHz) and output
through a passively ltered solid state analog section.

DirectStream Junior is entirely DSD based, even for PCM inputs. DSD was chosen as the core engine
for this instrument for a number of compelling reasons:

• DSD is simple to convert to analog: just low pass lter it.

• DSD is inherently linear: it’s hard to build a PCM DAC that always takes the same sized step in
the output for any possible unit increment of the representative PCM voltage value. The best PCM
technology for linearity is arguably a resistor ladder, then all steps are at least positive for a positive
change in the input, but making resistors that are accurate to one part in 2^16 is hard and to one part
in 2^20, very hard. DSD doesn’t need anywhere near this level of component matching to achieve its

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Introduction

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excellent results.

• DSD soft clips when overdriven, more like magnetic tape: signals which exceed the nominal full scale
value only get slightly compressed, if at all. With PCM, you either have at tops which induce extra
energy at the squared o edges or, worse, you can have wrap around, which is very
audible.

• All bits in a DSD stream have the same weight: a single bit error anywhere is barely measurable, let
alone audible. Some bits in PCM carry a lot of weight and would make a very loud pop if changed.
PCM needs more error recovery to keep to a given signal to noise ratio (S/N) with a slightly corrupted
digital signal.

• Ironically, most sanely priced PCM players actually use DAC chips that utilize a sigma-delta modulator
(DSD) to get a DSD-like signal anyway. Similarly, many (most) A/Ds are sigma-delta based. The typical
PCM path is analog -> DSD -> PCM -> disc -> PCM -> DSD -> analog. The DSD path can skip the
conversions to PCM. Those conversions can’t be perfect, and artifacts of the steep anti-aliasing lter
or the reconstruction lter aren’t considered benign by many.

• DirectStream Junior handles the PCM conversion from AES/EBU, S/PDIF, TOSLINK, I2S and USB
without recovering a clock by simply watching for the edges and making decisions about what they
mean in context. The result is that any jitter present on the input is lost entirely in the FPGA.

There is little dierence between TOSLINK or I2S because the output clock’s rate only depends on the
long term average rate of the inputs not on any edge or other local feature.

Owner’s Reference DirectStream Junior

The Heart of
Junior

The heart of DirectStream Junior is the DSD engine itself. Regardless of input format, whether PCM
or DSD, all data are upsampled to 30 bits running at 10 times the standard DSD rate and then back
down again to double rate DSD for noise shaping.

The internal volume control keeps complete precision: every bit in the input aects the output of the
DAC for any volume level. Except for the sigma-delta modulation process itself, there is no rounding,
dither, or other trimming - not to 24 bits, not to 32 bits, not to 48 bits, but rather a full 50. The incoming
PCM signal is 30 bits from the upsampling lter, and the volume control is 20 bits wide, so all 50 bits
of the output are used throughout the sigma-delta conversion, requiring more than 50 bits of precision.

DSD only requires a nominal 20 bit signal to noise ratio. This design utilizes a minimum width of 24
bits with wide lter coecients and 144dB S/N. Use of full precision everywhere and many guard bits
in the IIR lters and the sigma-delta modulator help maintain our goal of perfecting the audio output.

While some designs may run out of headroom or approach saturation levels, depending on the source
material, the new design opts for an extra top bit everywhere in the digital path coupled with an extra
6dB of head room in the analog path beyond the 6dB of headroom that SACD uses. The top bit keeps
PCM from saturating, even if that PCM was not properly bandwidth limited in the initial recording
process.

The output of the DSD engine is fed directly into the output stage, based on high speed video ampliers
and a passively ltered solid state output stage. Most output schemes for DSD modulators are active
low pass lters, covering the required 120dB S/N ratio from 10Hz to 220MHz and have a number of
design challenges and problems associated with even the best designs.

If the analog processing isn’t linear and doesn’t have a very wide bandwidth it will modulate the high

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Introduction

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Owner’s Reference DirectStream Junior

No Active

Design
Challenges

frequency noise that’s inherent in DSD back into the audio band. That modulation will not result in just
low level noise. In practice it will be aliased back into the audible band with serious sonic consequences.
To maintain low noise and linearity, the design incorporates both high speed symmetrical video amps
and a passive output lter.

The rst challenge in such a design is the output switch that generates the nal 1’s and 0’s of the
modulator. A very clean switch that hooks up the positive rail with a 1 and the negative rail with a 0 is
essential. If it has too much resistance, if the resistance is dierent at the positive end than the negative
end, if the resistance changes from time to time, … the result will not be as clean as it needs to be.
For 120dB S/N, the switch resistance has to be quite consistent.

Another design requirement is consistent and fast switching time. If the switch is too slow it won’t keep
up with the 5.6MHz signal used in this instrument. If the switch doesn’t react in consistent times it will
introduce jitter. Use of traditional CMOS gates adds a lot of jitter as do cross-coupled totem-poled
bipolar transistors. Instead, DirectStream Junior relies on high speed dierential video amps, which
are essentially class A switches, have their outputs either near the top rail or near the bottom power
supply rail (without ever saturating) and provide a very clean DSD switch.

For the all important low pass ltering requirements, an active lter adds self noise even if it is eectively
lowering incoming noise. A unique and eective solution to this problem is a passive lter.

The theory of operation, the rmware and the complex algorithms needed to execute a design of
this magnitude are daunting in their scale and scope. The actual hardware to run the instrument is,
perhaps, easier to grasp, although no less critical to the perfected performance.

Hardware
Highlights

Connection
Impedances

Listed in this section are the highlights of the hardware, system’s overview and design choices made
to create an instrument of this caliber.

1. DirectStream Junior runs from one master clock designed to subtend all possible combinations of
sub-clocks, from 44.1, 88.2, 48, 96, etc in order to eliminate the need for multiple clocks that cause
errors and problems associated when noise from the unused clock propagates to the desired clock.

2. All sample rates supported are synchronously upsampled to 20x the standard DSD sample rate and
then back down to double rate DSD (2 * 64 * 44.1kHz). There’s no need for other clocks to interpret the
inputs, no matter what their sample rate, because of the instrument’s single clock architecture.

3. The path from the single master clock to the retiming ip-op is designed as short as possible and
isolated from all other signals.

4. Connections between sections of the design have large impedances, not only lots of power supply
isolation, but also, for example, 2k resistors in series with digital signals to slow down the edges and
lessen any noise transfer.

5. Similarly, we run I2C, SPI and other control signals as slowly as they can possibly go without
causing problems; we also control their transition times, thus limiting the amount of induced noise and

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Balanced
Architecture

Signal Isolation

Introduction

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jitter into the main digital processing area.

6. Outputs of the FPGA use the slowest, lowest drive compatible with their function, keeping noise as
low as possible.

7. We use slower, older technology CMOS when we need CMOS. This choice lowers both noise and
jitter potential.

8. We use balanced signals when practical; they not only lessen radiation and are less sensitive to
radiation, but they lessen noise in the ground and power rails.

9. We use non-saturation logic so the exact transitions are more predictable. Coming out of saturation
(like CMOS does on every transition) is a statistical process.

10. High rate signals (or signals with fast edges) are isolated from control signals and especially each
other. If they have to be fast they are terminated appropriately to help address jitter.

11. Jitter is addressed everywhere in the design. Every component choice, every signal connection,
every wire routed on the boards are all hand done to lower noise and pay attention to jitter.

Owner’s Reference DirectStream Junior

Hand Selected
Parts

Double DSD

12. 0.1% precision thin lm low temperature coecient resistors are incorporated everywhere in the
audio path; 2% lm caps in critical places and 5% lm caps elsewhere in the audio path. By using
1/8W resistors or 1/4W resistors where others might use a 1/10W resistor, the temperature coecient
of the resistors is lowered. For digital bypassing, NP0/C0G, or at worst, X7R MLCCs are used.

13. Low noise techniques are employed such as liberal use of low inductance capacitor bypassing
with a self resonance frequency at the main clock rate to keep noise from ever getting into the voltage
rails in the rst place.

14. Digital ltering in general, and the upsampling and noise shaping lters in the sigma-delta modulators
in particular, oer many degrees of freedom for a lter designer. There isn’t a mathematically perfect
lter to use (they all have tradeos), so we’ve chosen the lters that sound best in our experience, and
in addition to that, we run everything with as wide of an audio bandwidth as possible.

15. Although design choices might have been made to run everything at single rate DSD (64 * 44100Hz),
it was decided instead to run at quad rate DSD to have a wider audio band below the upsampling and
noise shaping lters. Noise shaping allows a high rate sampled signal to have more accuracy in part of the
spectrum than the 6dB / bit rule and the quantizer in a sigma-delta modulator can hide a multitude of
sins in the noise shaping lter. The DS Jr. runs the noise shaping lter at full precision to get the cleanest
DSD signal possible.

16. No shortcuts are ever taken in the Digital Signal Processing (DSP) section of the FPGA. Despite the
fact that DSD is only nominally 20bit S/N, the design uses a minimum width of 24 bits throughout the
device. Where needed, very expensive (in terms of math operations) lters with wide coecients and
144dB S/N are employed along with many guard bits in the IIR lters and the sigma-delta modulator.

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17. Every trace on the PC board is hand routed: even for the digital sections. No autorouting is employed
so that each trace, each critical path is calculated and designed for lowest noise, jitter and isolation.

The PerfectWave DirectStream Junior DAC represents a signicant departure in the design and
execution of PS Audio’s products. We believe this new instrument will help further our industry, music
and the faithful reproduction of music around the world, at an aordable price.

Owner’s Reference DirectStream Junior

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Location

Digital Inputs

®

Owner’s Reference DirectStream Junior

LOCATION
A good location for DirectStream Junior is in a cabinet or on a shelf at an easily accessible height.

Care should be taken to keep it away from power ampliers or large potentially hum inducing
products. The IR (infrared) receiver for the remote is located to the left of the volume control knob. A
direct line of sight will help with DirectStream Junior's IR sensor.

DirectStream Junior and the PerfectWave Transport (PWT) or the upcoming DirectStream Transport
(DST) were designed to stack on top of each other if they are not placed on separate shelves. To do
this, remove the feet from the unit you wish to place on top of the stack. Carefully place the top unit
so it rests on the bottom unit. You will note that the bottom of the corners of each PerfectWave piece
is specially designed to mate with the top corners of another PerfectWave.

DIGITAL INPUTS
DirectStream Junior oers multiple digital input choices including: The Network Bridge II, XLR (AES/
EBU), RCA and TOSlink (S/PDIF), USB as well as I2S. All inputs, including USB, are capable of
accepting high-denition digital audio signals. The TOSlink input is capable of 96kHz, 24 bit audio
and all other inputs, including the USB, are capable of handling up to 192kHz 24 bit of PCM or DoP
data. The I2S inputs can handle single and double rate DSD directly or DoP. The PS Audio NuWave
Phono A/D Converter is capable of sending pure DSD over I2S, as well the upcoming DirectStream
Transport, which will play pure DSD from SACD sources.

HDMI for I2S

DoP

DirectStream Junior uses an HDMI cable to transfer I2S data. This data can only be used with another
compatible component, such as the PerfectWave Memory Player, DirectStream Transport, and
NuWave Phono Converter and will not work in other HDMI equipment, as the I2S format incorporated
does not comply with the HDMI standards. The HDMI connector and cable were chosen to carry
the I2S signal because of their superior high-speed data transmission capabilities for multiple clocks
and data lines. PS Audio publishes its I2S standard and it has been adopted by multiple other
manufacturers as well.

DoP (DSD over PCM) is a standard allowing single rate DSD to travel over S/PDIF (the RCA, XLR and
Network Bridge digital inputs are S/PDIF compatible) as well as over USB and I2S.

It is not currently possible to send DSD directly over S/PDIF, and the DSD les must rst be converted
to DoP standards to travel this route.

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DSD File Types

Warranty
Registration

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Owner’s Reference DirectStream Junior

It is possible to send DSD les (without conversion to DoP) over DirectStream Junior's I2S
inputs. Most programs, such as JRiver Media Center and Foobar 2000, will automatically
convert DSD les to the DoP standards on the y if the appropriate checkbox has been
enabled. There are no sonic penalties for conversion to DoP as the raw DSD data is
unaected by the process.

• Carefully unpack the unit. Use the included cotton gloves to remove the unit and place in
the chosen location.

• The piano black top cover has a protective plastic lm. Remove this lm.

• Connect DirectStream Junior to your digital sources using the appropriate connections.

• Connect the AC cable into the receptacle in back and plug the unit into your Power Plant
or into the wall.

PS Audio products come from the factory with a 3-year warranty. Please register your new
DirectStream Junior. Registration takes just a few minutes, helps us inform you about future
upgrades, keeps track of your serial number and allows us to maintain the highest standards
of product quality of any company.

To register your new unit, look on the back panel of DirectStream Junior and note the serial
number. Using any web browser, go to www.psaudio.com and click on My PS. From there
you can click on Register Products.

Connecting
Digital Sources

Connecting
Through

Direct to
Computer

Driver Conicts

Once you have completed the registration process you can then go to the PS website and
look at the My Registered Products page. The link to this page is located at the top right
hand corner of the website once you are logged in. If you do not have web access you may
register the unit via mail or phone. Notication of software upgrades to this product will be
available only to registered owners via the web and email.

CONNECTING TO A DIGITAL SOURCE
There are four methods of connecting the digital inputs of DirectStream Junior: Through the
home network, S/PDIF, USB and I2S. The home network option requires the use of a router,
CAT5 Ethernet cable, NAS or computer with the appropriate program installed (like JRiver),
and a controller. S/PDIF is a serial digital interface available as an optical source (TOSlink),
coaxial source (RCA) or balanced source (AES/EBU XLR). Connect to your digital sources
with any of these three cable types.

USB is the preferred method of connection for a direct-to-computer connection and
DirectStream Junior is capable of processing up to 352kHz 24 bit PCM data as well as
both single and double rate DSD converted to DoP. Connect DirectStream Junior to your
computer using a well regarded USB cable and make sure to set the output of your computer
to the higher 192kHz 24 bit standard. Once connected, your computer should automatically
install DirectStream Junior as a new device if you have a Mac. If you have a Windows
operating system, you may need to download the appropriate driver from our website and
install it on your computer. The driver for DirectStream Junior is the same as that used with

DirectStream, the PWD and NuWave DSD.

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Owner’s Reference DirectStream Junior

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I2S Sources

®

Owner’s Reference DirectStream Junior

If the device is not recognized or you are unable to obtain output through DirectStream Junior,
it is possible there is a driver conict on your computer. Please see the Troubleshooting
section for further assistance on playback issues via USB.

I2S is available through several manufacturers as well PS Audio equipment such as the
PerfectWave Transport, NuWave Phono A/D Converter, and DirectStream Transport. I2S is a
parallel data connection with separate clocks and data and transferred via an HDMI cable.
I2S will typically provide a slightly better performance standard than any serial data stream
such as S/PDIF or AES/EBU.

You can connect one or all six inputs at the same time. For instance, you can connect the
USB input to your computer and the coax input to your CD player. Then you can simply
choose which one to listen to from the front selector button, the remote, or set inputs to
AUTO.

If you are using USB, make sure both the computer and DirectStream Junior are connected
and powered up. USB also requires a driver to operate properly. Mac computers running
OSX have the driver built in. Windows based computers require the PS Audio driver to be
installed. Download the driver from our website; it is the same driver used in the PWD,
DirectStream, and NuWave Phono Converter.

Connecting the
Output

RCA and XLR

Output Level
Setting

DirectStream Junior will show up under Device Manager as PS Audio PerfectWave DSD,
under a heading PS Audio USB 2.0 Audio Devices.

CONNECTING DIRECTSTREAM JUNIOR'S OUTPUT
DirectStream Junior is designed to drive a power amplier directly, or as another input
on a preamplier. The outputs of DirectStream Junior are high-performance, high current
outputs that can drive long lengths of interconnect cable without degradation.

DirectStream Junior has two types of analog outputs: balanced XLR or single ended RCA. It
is ne to use both outputs at the same time. Be aware that most ampliers and preampliers
will produce 6dB higher level with the balanced outputs relative to the single ended outputs.
If you are using both outputs be advised they will be at dierent levels. Our preference for
connection to a power amplier or preamplier is through the balanced XLR outputs of
DirectStream Junior.

If DirectStream Junior has a gain mismatch with your power amplier, you can use the
balanced outputs and achieve 6dB more gain or choose the single ended RCA outputs for
lower gain. DirectStream Junior also has two output levels available to users.

Use the Gain button on the remote or go to the setup menu on the front panel display to
select the best output level. To access the setup menu, press the front panel selector button
to the left of the display for 3 seconds. Step through the menu options by pressing the
button once for each menu. Attenuator IN is the lowest volume setting, Attenuator OUT is
the highest level setting.

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Use Only High
Quality Power
Cables

Rear Panel Power
Switch

Front Panel
Standby Button

®

Owner’s Reference DirectStream Junior

RCA or single ended inputs will be the typical inputs, as many preampliers, surround
processors, receivers, integrated ampliers and power ampliers have only this standard
type of input.

Plug either the RCA or the XLR outputs of DirectStream Junior into a line level input on the
preamp, integrated, amplier or subwoofer. Do NOT plug the output of DirectStream Junior
into a phono or equalized input of any type.

Once everything has been connected, use a high quality AC cable to power DirectStream
Junior. DACs in particular are quite sensitive to AC power and produce a bit of line noise
themselves. Make sure you have a high quality shielded power cable to power DirectStream
Junior, and a Power Plant AC Regenerator if possible.

PS Audio produces an entire line of high quality quiet power cables that are generally
accepted as being some of the best in the industry. Whatever you choose, make sure it
honors the music.

Turn the AC power switch in the rear of DirectStream Junior to the ON position. The power
switch is located to the left of the AC inlet as you face the rear panel.

Keep Power On

As soon as the switch is activated, the front panel display will show the initializing information.
This screen shows when DirectStream Junior’s internal “engine” is being loaded with the
rmware that runs DirectStream Junior.

After the initializing screen, you will see the volume control setting.

The front panel PS logo button, located on the upper left hand corner of the unit, is the
Ready/Operation Mode control for DirectStream Junior. This control has two modes: Ready
Mode and Operational Mode. Ready Mode (Standby) is designed to keep power on to critical
internal circuitry, including power supply capacitors, thermally sensitive semiconductors
and integrated circuits.

Press this front panel logo button to activate the Ready Mode or to place DirectStream
Junior in Operational Mode. When pressed to enter Ready Mode, the display, as well as the
outputs are turned o, but all the unit’s critical internal circuitry remains active.

If you wish to conserve energy consumed by DirectStream Junior, it will be necessary
to use the rear panel power switch. Using this rear panel switch will remove power from
critical components and in order to gain maximum performance levels you will need to turn
DirectStream Junior’s power on at least 3 hours before use. DirectStream Junior is designed
to be left powered on at all times.

Should DirectStream Junior need to be rebooted, use the rear panel power switch to power
cycle the instrument. It's best to wait 30 seconds before powering back on.

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Select the Input

Lock Light

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Owner’s Reference DirectStream Junior

SELECT THE INPUT
The rst step is to select the input you wish to play. This can be accomplished with the remote control
or through the front panel selector and display.

Touch the selector button on the left side of the screen. The rst press will show the active display.
Touch again and you toggle to the next input.

Each input has a lock light associated with it. The lock light has two states: connected (displays an
asterisk in the upper right corner of the display) and not connected (nothing displayed). It is also
possible to select AUTO. AUTO input senses when a digital input is actively playing music and switches
to the live input. This is the recommended input setting.

Balance

Long pressing the selection button brings you to the menu. The rst menu item is Balance. Rotating
the knob attenuates the channels individually. You’ll se an arrow pointing to the channel with no
attenuation. This arrow will persist in the volume screen as well. To reset simply rotate the volume
knob until the chanels match.

Name the Input

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Screen
Brightness

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Owner’s Reference DirectStream Junior

INPUT NAMING
For greater convenience, it is possible to assign a custom name to each input, such as PWT, XLR,
etc. Select the input you wish to change. Once selected, hold the selector button down for 3 seconds
to enter the display mode. The rst screen is balance. Press the selector button once again, while in
the setup mode, to toggle to the input naming screen. The input already selected will appear, along
with data and bit rate information. Depress and hold the selector button until the Name Edit Screen
is displayed.

The cursor sits under the letter you can select. Rotate the volume knob to choose which letter you
desire. Press the selector button and that letter will appear as part of the name. Repeat the process
until you spell the input name. Press and hold the selector button to leave the naming edit screen.

Screen On-Time

The unit’s screen brightness can be adjusted in the setup menu as well. The display can be turned
o by pressing the button labeled “DIM” located on the remote. When you are in the DIM mode, the
screen will come back on when you turn the volume control knob or press a remote key. To turn the
DIM feature o, press “ON.” You can also adjust brightness in the setup menu.

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Output Phase

Set the Output
Level

®

You can also adjust the length of time the display remains visible, from 10 seconds to 1 hour, or select
AUTO. AUTO will activate the display when any changes occur, like a new volume setting or input
change. It will go dark when no music is playing. When music begins, the display will automatically
display the volume setting.

The nerxt menu item is the Phase adjustment. Rotating the knob changes the output from in phase to
out of phase. The phase change is 180 Degrees and eects both channels equally.

DirectStream Junior has two output levels: High and Low. In the standard output mode, DirectStream
Junior will provide adequate output level to directly feed a power amplier without use of a preamplier.
If the power amplier or preamplier is overly sensitive, or you need to reduce the output level of
DirectStream Junior for any reason, you can activate the output attenuator to reach a lower level.
There should be no sonic penalty for doing so.

Owner’s Reference DirectStream Junior

To turn on/o the output attenuator, press the DAC Level button on the remote. Or, go to the setup
screen. Use the volume control knob to select In (lowest gain) or Out (normal gain).

The Atenuator Lock screen enables the lock preventing the attenuator from changing. Rotate the knob
to enable or disable the lock.

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Max Volume

Bridge Name

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Owner’s Reference DirectStream Junior

This section allows you to adjust the Maximum volume oput from the DsJ. Rotate the knob to make
the adjustment. At volume 100 the DsJ will output

Network setup

SPACER

This section allows you to name the Bridge II. It’s name will appear when you select it as an input
as well as in your network when you choose it as a renderer. To edit the name simply long press the
selection button and change the name as you would in the input name section. When nished simply
long press the menu select button until the Done message appears.

The DirectStream Jr. uses DHCP to make connections in your Local Area Network. The Network setup
screen allow you to see the IP address information once it is autopopulated. Rotate the volume knob
to scroll through the DHCP IP address, the Subnet Mask, the Gateway IP, Primary and Secondary
DNS. Long pressing the settings button allows the user to select DHCP or static. Static IP addresses
must be entered manually.

NOTE: It is important that knowledge of basic Network topology be used before attempting to establish
a static IP address. If you need assistance you may contact PS Audio at support@ psaudio.com

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Bridge Update

Main View
Selection

®

Owner’s Reference DirectStream Junior

The Bridge update screen lets you know if there is a pending update from PS Audio. These rmware
updates will be sent to your Bridge II over the World Wide Web. To accept the update simply long
press the menu button and allow the rmware to install.

NOTE: Do not allow the DirectStream Jr. to power o during the update. Once the installation is
complete the unit will power cycle itself to standby. If you have trouble or need assistance you may
contact PS Audio at support@ psaudio.com

The Main View Section allows dierent information to be displayed in the Main View Screen. There are
three choices:

Volume:
You can see the volume setting 0 - 100

Sample:
The sample rate and Bit rate are displayed.

Bridge:
The DsJ will display the Artist and Title of the track currently playing.

Rotate the volume knob to select each option.

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The Version
Screen

Bridge II
Operation

®

The Firmware version screen is the last option in the menu section. Under the word Version you can
see the DAC rmware version (Huron) and the Bridge II rmware version (3.2.11). It is important to note
that your DsJ may have a dierent version that displayed.

When a new operating system becomes available, it may be obtained by ordering a pre-programmed
USB memory stick directly from PS Audio, or downloaded to your own USB memory stick for free from
the PS Audio website. To install, place the USB stick in the rear of DirectStream Junior. Then, turn o
the rear panel power switch. Wait for 10 seconds, then turn the rear panel main power switch to the
on position, rebooting the instrument. The front panel Ready Light will begin blinking, signifying the
new rmware is being installed.

DO NOT REMOVE THE POWER OR DO ANYTHING WHILE THE UPDATE PROCESS IS TAKING
PLACE. BE PATIENT AND WAIT UNTIL THE LOGO LIGHT BLINKING IS DONE.

Once the blinking has nished, keep the power to the unit on until it has fully initialized and is ready for
operation again. Remove the USB memory stick.

BRIDGE II OPERATION
The PS Audio Network Bridge II is built into DirectStream Junior. The Bridge provides network
connectivity to a media server or NAS. The Network Bridge is a UPnP compatible device, requiring a
UPnP server and controller to stream to the Bridge. A program like Roon, available on both Mac and
Windows platforms, can be congured to act as both a UPnP server and Controller. Many NAS come
with UPnP servers built into their operating systems. If you use a NAS, you will control the NAS and
Bridge through the use of a UPnP controller, typically via a mobile device, such as a tablet or phone,
that have a UPnP compatible controller app, such as PlugPlayer, or MConnect.

Owner’s Reference DirectStream Junior

To use the Bridge, the rear panel Ethernet connector must be plugged into your home router through a
CAT5 Ethernet cable. A WIFI Ethernet Bridge can be used, but is not recommended. Once connected,
the Bridge should be visible on the network to a controller that is also on the home network via WIFI or
hard wired through CAT 5. Select the PS Audio Bridge, or whatever friendly name you have set for the
Bridge, to connect the UPnP server. Once connected, change DirectStream Junior’s input to Input 7,
labeled the same as the Bridge friendly name. You should now be able to stream music to the Bridge.

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Using Roon

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Owner’s Reference DirectStream Junior

Once you’ve downloaded and installed Roon into your Mac, Windows or Linuix OS computer you’ll
need to open the settings menu located in the upper left corner and select Audio. Then scroll down
to the Roon Ready section and click the Enable buton to the right of your DirectStream Jr’s Bridge.
In the Enable window you can name your DsJ anything you like. Then select the device from the
Audio output section in the playback screen.

NOTE: You should not name the Bridge II the same as anyother output device as Roon will not
dierentiate between the two and you will have no output. Simply choose dierent names for your

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Using a NAS

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Owner’s Reference DirectStream Junior

If you are using a NAS and mobile controller, the Bridge should be visible on the controller app’s connect
screen. The image shows MController (from MConnect) and the screen you go to for connection to the
Bridge. In this case, the Bridge friendly name has been set, as GoldBridgeII. There is another, second
Bridge in this image, labeled SR1.

To select the NAS or UPnP server of any type, in MController, touch the lower icon that says Browser.
Choose the server you wish to connect to, or VTuner, for internet radio access.

MConnect’s MController app is our recommended mobile platform UPnP controller and is available for
both Android and Apple tablets and phones.

Should minor scratches occur in your top cover, simply purchase any type of high quality automotive
scratch removal polish such as Kit’s Scratch Out or McGuire’s products. Car nish polish and wax can
both be used on this surface for a beautiful luster.

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Owner’s Reference DirectStream Junior

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Troubleshooting

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No Sound

USB Problems

®

If no sound comes out of the system with DirectStream Junior connected, there are several areas to
check. Either you are not getting an audio signal into the preamplier, or you don’t have a good digital
source feeding DirectStream Junior.

First, check to make sure your preamp, integrated, receiver or amplier is switched to the same input
DirectStream Junior is connected to. Test the connection and the cables to make sure. Keeping the
input selected and using the same cable, connect this input to a known good source like a tuner or
the direct analog output of a CD player. If that works, then it is most likely not a connection problem
between DirectStream Junior and the preamp, integrated or amplier.

The next step is to check and see if the digital input is properly connected. Look on the front panel of
DirectStream Junior to see if the locked light is illuminated. If it is not, this is most likely the problem.
You can troubleshoot this by making sure DirectStream Junior is on the proper input and that you have
connected the input correctly. If this fails, try replacing the digital interconnect or try using another
type. For instance, if you are using a coax connection, try using the CD player’s optical output instead
or try replacing the cable.

USB – DirectStream Junior not recognized, or no sound via USB

To play music from your computer into the DirectStream Junior via USB, you must have a driver installed that
communicates with DirectStream Junior. On a Mac computer with OS X Yosemite, the drivers are already
available and the unit should be automatically recognized. You can then go and choose the PS Audio USB
driver to play to by going to System Preferences->Sound and select the PS Audio PerfectWave DSD.
You can also go to Applications->Utilities->Audio Midi and select the driver as well as set the sample rate.

Owner’s Reference DirectStream Junior

Currently, Windows operating systems do not come with the appropriate USB audio driver software
installed. You will need to download the PS Audio USB driver from the PS Audio website. You can
also contact our support sta via email ([e-mail]) or phone [phone]), or simply
go to www.psaudio.com and click on Resources, then click on the Downloads page. You must then
unzip the driver and install it on your Windows machine. Once installed, Windows will recognize
DirectStream Junior and allow you to select it for playback from any program on your computer.

If you are still unable to obtain sound via USB on a Windows based device, it is most likely the result
of a partial or incorrect driver installation.

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It May Be a Driver
Conict

®

You may have also experienced a pop-up window asking you to provide the correct driver. In any of
these cases, the remedy is quite simple. Remove the device and force Windows to reinstall the driver
and the device.

Owner’s Reference DirectStream Junior

DirectStream Junior will show up under device manager as “PS Audio PerfectWave DSD” It should
show up under a heading “PS Audio USB 2.0 Audio Devices”, this is the USB2.0 driver.

The entry under “Sound video and game controllers” is the USB1.0 fallback driver.

Bridge Connection
Issues

CAN’T CONNECT TO THE BRIDGE
Most problems with the Network Bridge trace back to home networks and their routers. Make sure
you have a modern, high speed router and connection to the Bridge is through CAT5 network cable,
not WIFI.

Make certain the server, computer, and mobile device are on the same network as the Bridge. We
often see this problem arise, especially with WIFI connected mobile devices. The mobile device may
not be sharing the same network, through WIFI, as the home router. If you are using a mobile device,
such as a phone or tablet to control the server, make sure the mobile device has WIFI enabled and is
on the same network as the Bridge.

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JRiver Problems

Check the Logo

If You Have Hum

®

The server must be UPnP compatible. Programs like iTunes are not UPnP compatible and cannot
stream over a home network. iTunes and non-UPnP compatible servers must be connected to
DirectStream Junior through USB to work.

JRiver problems are common. If the Bridge is not displayed as an option to select, look under Tools­>Options->Media Network and check mark the box that reads: Use media network to share this

library and enable DLNA.

Follow instructions and once setup, the Bridge should appear in the JRiver Media Center far left
window under Playing Now. Select the Bridge, and you should be connected.

THE UNIT DOES NOT APPEAR TO POWER ON
It may be in Standby mode. Verify that the rear panel master power switch is in the UP/ON position.
Press the front panel PS logo button on the upper left side of the front panel to take the unit out of
standby.

If you experience a hum through the speakers, this can be caused by several things. The rst is the
source. If there is an excessive amount of buzz or noise from the loudspeaker, it may be caused by
a ground loop, a light dimmer in the home, poor AC power, or any number of causes. The quickest
way to determine where to start your search is to simply turn the preamplier, integrated, receiver or
amplier o, disconnect the audio cables between it and DirectStream Junior, and see if the hum goes
away when you turn the preamplier, integrated, receiver or amplier back on. If it does, it’s most likely
a ground loop or buzz from a dimmer.

Owner’s Reference DirectStream Junior

Ground Loops

If this doesn’t solve the problem, reconnect DirectStream Junior and follow these easy humbusting
tips.

The easiest way to gure out where ground loop problems lie is by the process of elimination. You
need to determine where the hum or buzz is coming from within your system.

If the hum/buzz goes away when you remove the inputs to the power amp, your next step will be
to reconnect the amp and move further down the chain. If you have a preamp, or processor that
is feeding the power amp, your next step would be to disconnect all inputs to the preamplier or
processor. Once these are disconnected, and the preamp or processor is connected only to the
power amplier, turn the system on and again, listen for hum. Should the hum now appear, it is a
problem with your preamp, processor, DAC or their interaction with the power amp. Before returning
the preamp, processor or DAC to the manufacturer, try a cheater plug to break a ground loop. Cheater
plugs are simple devices that convert a three prong AC plug into a two prong AC plug and in the act
of converting three prongs to two prongs, they disconnect the ground from the wall socket. Try one of
these on the preamp, or the power amp, or both.

If you determine that there is still no hum present when the preamp, processor, or DAC is connected
with no inputs, then selectively begin plugging in your various inputs one at a time. After each
connection, check for hum until you discover the humming culprit.

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VCRs, surround processors, and any device that is connected to a television cable or satellite dish can
cause a loud buzz and should always be suspect. If, by the process of elimination described above,
you determine it is a component like a VCR that is causing the hum/buzz to occur, and using a cheater
plug doesn’t help matters, it may be necessary to isolate the cable connection (CATV) with an isolation
transformer. This inexpensive device is available at most electronics or department store outlets and
is sometimes called a ‘matching transformer’. If you have problems nding one, call your local cable
TV company for advice. The matching transformer will be placed between the cable TV cord and the
VCR, TV or processor.

Just remember, take the system down to its simplest level of connection. Find a way to hook the
system up with as many pieces of the system missing or not connected. Keep it simple and get it
to the point where the hum’s gone. Then start adding back components one at a time until the hum
returns.

Finding the problem is 9/10ths of the work in nding a solution.

Owner’s Reference DirectStream Junior

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Warranty

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Should I Register My Product?

• Registering your product validates the warranty start date.

• If you do not register your product within 30 days of service, a copy of your purchase receipt from an authorized PS
Audio dealer may be used as a proof of purchase to establish the warranty start date.

• If no proof of purchase from an authorized PS Audio dealer or registration is provided, the production date of the
product will be used to determine the warranty start date.

• Registration can be completed online, by phone, by mail, or by email.

• You may wish to sign up for PS Audio’s monthly newsletters, specials, product updates, and/or Paul’s Daily Posts.

What Does this Warranty Cover?

This warranty covers defects in material and workmanship for products purchased from PS Audio or its authorized dealers
and agents.

What Will PS Audio Do to Correct the Problem?

In the event your product fails your sole remedy under this limited warranty shall be to return the product to PS Audio or an
authorized PS Audio repair center. The product will be repaired without charge for parts or labor, replaced, or the purchase
price refunded through the original point of purchase, at the option of PS Audio.

®

Owner’s Reference DirectStream Junior

Limited Three Year Warranty

What is the Period of Coverage?

This limited warranty is in eect for 3 years from the date the unit was rst purchased from PS Audio or its dealers and
agents.

Who Pays for Shipping?

You are responsible to pay for the safe and proper shipment of the warrantied product to PS Audio or its authorized repair
center.

PS Audio or it’s authorized repair center will pay the cost of returning the repaired or replacement product to you under this
warranty.

What Does this Warranty Not Cover?

• This warranty does not cover damage due to:Accidents, carelessness, improper transportation, misuse, neglect, or
abuse

• Failure to follow the operating instructions that are provided by PS Audio in the owner’s manuals (available for
download at psaudio.com)

• Use in any manner inconsistent with PS Audio’s operating instructions (available for download at psaudio.com)

• Lack of routine maintenance

• Connection to an improper voltage supply

• Alterations or modications to the unit

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• Improper or unauthorized repair, including repairs not authorized by PS Audio or a PS Audio authorized repair
center

• Fire, lightning, ood, “acts of God,” or other contingencies beyond the control of PS Audio

• Products purchased through an unauthorized source (if you have questions as to whether or not a dealer is
authorized, please contact customer support at psaudio.com)

• Products with a factory-applied serial number that has in any way been altered, defaced, or removed

Limitations on PS Audio’s Obligations Under this Warranty

• In no event will PS Audio’s liability to you exceed the original purchase price of the unit.

• This warranty does not cover the cost of custom installation, customer instruction, setup adjustments, or signal
reception problems.

• This warranty does not cover consequential and incidental damages. Some states do not allow the exclusion or
limitation of incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you.

• In the event your warrantied product cannot be repaired, PS Audio will replace or refund the unit. We reserve
the right to replace any out-of-stock, discontinued, or limited edition products with a comparable product.
Discontinued products may not be available for warranty replacement.

How Can the Warranty be Transferred?

®

Owner’s Reference DirectStream Junior

This warranty is for the benet of the original purchaser of the product. The warranty may be transferred to a subsequent
purchaser during the 3 year warranty period. To do this, you must contact PS Audio directly to set up transfer of
registration.

How Do I Get Warranty Service?

To locate an authorized PS Audio repair center, for service assistance, or for help with the operation of a product or just
for information, please contact PS Audio customer support.

Warranty Service Within the US

• You must rst obtain a Return Merchandise Authorization Number (RMA#) to receive warranty service and prior to
returning any item. Contact PS Audio or an authorized PS Audio repair center to receive an RMA#.

• You must put the RMA# on all returns. If it is not clearly marked, PS Audio will return the package back to you,
freight collect.

• You should include a description of the problem, along with the RMA# inside the packaging.

• Original packaging should be used for the safe transit of your PS Audio unit to the repair center. If you do not
have the original packing, PS Audio can sell and ship to you replacement packaging.

• You are responsible for the cost of shipping the product to a PS Audio authorized repair center. You should insure
the product for its full retail cost in the event it gets lost or damaged in transit. PS Audio is not responsible for
damage incurred in products sent to us.

• Shipping your product in non-PS Audio packaging may void this warranty. PS Audio reserves the right to charge
you for new factory packaging to return your product after a repair.

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How State Law Applies

This warranty gives you specic legal rights, and you may also have other rights which vary from state to state.

Warranty Service Outside of the US

PS Audio has authorized distribution in many countries of the world. In each country, the authorized importing
distributor has accepted the responsibility for warranty of products sold by that distributor. Warranty service should
be obtained where the product was purchased.

Changes to Our Products

PS Audio reserves the right to modify the design of any product without obligation to purchasers of previously
manufactured products and to change the prices or specications of any products without notice or obligation to
any person.

PS Audio Inc.
4826 Sterling Dr.
Boulder, CO 80301
Phone - 720.406.8946
Fax - 720.406.8967
Email - [e-mail]
Web - psaudio.com

®

Owner’s Reference DirectStream Junior

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