Protek A434L Operating Manual

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INTRODUCTION ................................................................................ 6

FIRMWARE VERSIONS ....................................................................... 6

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS ..................................................................... 7

CERTIFICATE .................................................................................. 11

1 GENERAL OVERVIEW ............................................................... 12

1.1 Description ....................................................................... 13

1.2 Specifications ................................................................... 13

1.2.1 Basic Specifications .................................................... 13

1.2.2 Key Measurements ..................................................... 15

1.2.3 Key Features .............................................................. 15

1.3 The Layout of A434L ......................................................... 16

1.4 Ordering Information ........................................................ 17

1.4.1 Standard Accessories .................................................. 17

1.4.2 Options ..................................................................... 19

2 PREPARATION FOR USE ........................................................... 21

2.1 General Information .......................................................... 21

2.2 Power Adaptor ................................................................. 21

2.3 Battery ............................................................................. 22

2.3.1 Caution ..................................................................... 23

2.3.2 Installing a Battery...................................................... 24

2.3.3 Charging a Battery ..................................................... 25

2.3.4 Battery Low ............................................................... 25

2.3.5 Battery Power Off ...................................................... 26

2.4 Front Panel ....................................................................... 27

2.4.1 Key Layout ................................................................ 27

2.4.2 ① Function Hard ........................................................ 28

2.4.3 ② Soft Keys ............................................................... 28

2.4.4 ③ Power Switch Key .................................................. 28

2.4.5 ④ Multi Keys ............................................................. 29

2.4.6 ⑤ ESC, Back, Arrow Keys ............................................ 33

2.4.7 ⑥ Enter Keys ............................................................. 34

2.4.8 ⑦ Knob Keys ............................................................. 35

2.4.9 Display ...................................................................... 35

2.5 Upper Panel ..................................................................... 36

2.5.1 DC Power Connector.................................................. 37

2.5.2 RF OUT/Reflection ...................................................... 37

2.5.3 Ethernet Port ............................................................. 37

2.5.4 USB Port ................................................................... 38

2.6 FAN ................................................................................. 38

2.6.1 FAN Operation .......................................................... 38

2.6.2 FAN alarm ................................................................. 38

3 GETTING STARTED .................................................................. 40

3.1 Power Up ......................................................................... 41

3.1.1 Initialization ............................................................... 41

3.1.2 System Information .................................................... 42

3.2 Layout of the Display Screen .............................................. 43

3.3 Function Hard Keys Structure ............................................. 45

3.3.1 System Screen Menu .................................................. 46

3.3.2 Common Menu ......................................................... 47

3.3.3 VSWR Menu .............................................................. 52

3.3.4 DTF Menu ................................................................. 54

3.3.5 Cable Loss Menu........................................................ 55

3.3.6 Power Meter Menu .................................................... 57

3.4 System Key ....................................................................... 58

3.5 Multi Keys ........................................................................ 60

3.5.1 Numeric Data Entry .................................................... 61

3.5.2 Specific Function Keys ................................................ 61

4 MEASUREMENT DATA ANALYSIS.............................................. 70

4.1 VSWR .............................................................................. 71

4.1.1 VSWR Display Description ........................................... 71

4.1.2 Setting Frequency ...................................................... 74

4.1.3 Calibration ................................................................ 75

4.1.4 VSWR Measurement .................................................. 77

4.1.4.1 Setting Trace Point .............................................. 79

4.1.4.2 Scale Adjustment ................................................ 79

4.1.4.3 Using Markers .................................................... 79

4.1.4.4 Limit Line ........................................................... 80

4.2 DTF ................................................................................. 81

4.2.1 DTF Display Description .............................................. 81

4.2.2 DTF Setup ................................................................. 83

4.2.3 Calibration ................................................................ 85

4.2.4 DTF Measurement...................................................... 87

4.2.4.1 Scale Adjustment ................................................ 88

4.2.4.2 Using Markers .................................................... 89

4.2.4.3 Windowing ........................................................ 89

4.3 Cable Loss ........................................................................ 91

4.3.1 Cable Loss Display Description ..................................... 91

4.3.2 Setting Frequency ...................................................... 92

4.3.3 Calibration ................................................................ 93

4.3.4 Cable Loss Measurement ............................................ 95

4.3.4.1 Scale Adjustment ................................................ 96

4.3.4.2 Using Markers .................................................... 96

4.4 Power Meter .................................................................... 97

4.4.1 Connecting Sensors.................................................... 97

4.4.2 Setting Power Meter .................................................. 99

4.4.3 Power Measurement ................................................ 100

4.5 Save & Load ................................................................... 101

4.5.1 Save ....................................................................... 101

4.5.1.1 Save Trace ........................................................ 102

4.5.1.2 Save Screen ...................................................... 103

4.5.1.3 Save State ........................................................ 104

4.5.2 Load ....................................................................... 105

4.5.2.1 Load Trace ....................................................... 105

4.5.2.2 Load Screen ...................................................... 107

4.5.2.3 Load State ........................................................ 107

4.5.2.4 Memory Type ................................................... 107

5 SOFTWARE UPGRADE............................................................ 108

5.1 Upgrade Method ............................................................ 109

6 WARRANTY INFORMATION .................................................... 113

Appendix 1 — Band List ................................................................. 117

Appendix 2 — Cable List ................................................................ 125

This Operating Manual represents design, specifications, overview of functions, and detailed operation procedure of A434L RF master, to ensure effective and safe use of the technical capabilities of the instrument by the user.

RF Master operation and maintenance should be performed by qualified engineers with initial experience in operating of microwave circuits and PC.

The following abbreviations are used in this Manual:

PC – Personal Computer

DUT – Device Under Test

IF – Intermediate Frequency

CW – Continuous Wave

SWR – Standing Wave Ratio

The first edition of this Operating Manual applies directly to instruments that have the firmware version 1.xx.

Carefully read through the following safety instructions before putting the Analyzer into operation. Observe all the precautions and warnings provided in this Manual for all the phases of operation, service, and repair of the Analyzer.

The Analyzer must be used only by skilled and specialized staff or thoroughly trained personnel with the required skills and knowledge of safety precautions.

A434L complies with INSTALLATION CATEGORY II as well as POLLUTION DEGREE 2 in IEC61010–1.

A434L is MEASUREMENT CATEGORY I (CAT I). Do not use for CAT II, III, or IV.

A434L is for INDOOR USE only.

A434L is tested in stand-alone condition or in combination with the accessories supplied by GS INSTRUMENTS CO., LTD. against the requirement of the standards described in the Declaration of Conformity. If it is used as a system component, compliance of related regulations and safety requirements are to be confirmed by the builder of the system.

Never operate the Analyzer in the environment containing inflammable gasses or fumes.

Operators must not remove the cover or part of the housing. The Analyzer must not be repaired by the operator. Component replacement or internal adjustment must be performed by qualified maintenance personnel only.

Never operate the Analyzer if the power cable is damaged.

Never connect the test terminals to mains.

Electrostatic discharge can damage your Analyzer when connected or disconnected from the DUT. Static charge can build up on your body and damage the sensitive circuits of internal components of both the Analyzer and the DUT. To avoid damage from electric discharge, observe the following:

- Always use a desktop anti-static mat under the DUT.

- Always wear a grounding wrist strap connected to the desktop

anti-static mat via daisy-chained 1 MΩ resistor.

- Connect clamp on the body of the Analyzer to the body of

the DUT before you start operation.

Observe all the general safety precautions related to operation of equipment powered by mains.

The protection provided by the equipment may be impaired if the equipment is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer.The definitions of safety symbols used on the instrument or in the Manual are listed below.

Storage

Before first use store your equipment in the factory package at environment temperature from 0 to +50 ºС and relative humidity up to 95% (at 25ºС).

After you have removed the factory package store the equipment at

environment temperature from +10 to +35 ºС and relative humidity up to 80% (at 25ºС).

Ensure to keep the storage facilities free from dust, fumes of acids and alkalies, aggressive gases, and other chemicals, which can cause corrosion.

Moderate Ventilation

Environment

Ambient temperature 2ºС to 50ºС

Maximum 80% RH between 2ºС and 31ºС, decreasing to 50% RH at 50ºС

Maximum altitude 2,000m

MAINS supply voltage fluctuations up to 10% of the nominal voltage

Transient over-voltages according to installation category II

Pollution degree 2

IPX0

Refers to the Manual if the instrument is marked with this symbol.

Alternating current.

Direct current.

On (Supply).

Off (Supply).

Maintain moderate ventilation condition to prevent overheating of the product.

Warning

Never perform cleaning of the instrument if the power cable is connected

to the power outlet.Never clean the internal components of the instrument.

Do not position the equipment so that it is difficult to operate the power cord.

A chassis terminal; a connection to the

instrument’s chassis, which includes all exposed

metal structure.

CAUTION

This sign denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure, practice, or condition that, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in injury or death to personnel.

CAUTION

This sign denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure, practice, or condition that, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in damage to or destruction of part or the entire instrument.

Note

This sign denotes important information. It calls attention to a procedure, practice, or condition that is essential for the user to understand.

CERTIFICATE

GENERAL OVERVIEW

OPERATING MANUAL

Item

Sub Item

Specification

General

Max Input Power

+25dBm Damage level

Frequency Range

5MHz to 4GHz

Frequency Accuracy

< ±3ppm

Frequency Resolution

10kHz

Impedance

50Ω

Scan Speed

< 1msec /data point

Display

Single & Dual mode

Test port

N Female

1.1 Description

A large number of cell site problems are caused by the antenna system, cable, or connectors. It is important to have the right instrument available when either servicing or certifying cell sites for operation.

The Protek A434L RF master is a lightweight portable diagnostic tool for an accurate detection of operational problems. The Protek A434L has all the measurement functions necessary to accurately verify the antenna system from VSWR to power measurements. In addition, the Protek A434L makes distance-to-fault measurements to accurately pinpoint the fault's location.

The Protek A434L user interface is with a front keypad and a TFT color, 7inch display providing ease of use and control. The application specific software allows the user to easily compare and analyze measurements and generate comprehensive reports. The Protek A434L is equipped with a rechargeable and infield installable lithium-ion battery providing over four hours of operation.

1.2 Specifications

1.2.1 Basic Specifications

Test curve storage

Internal : Minimum 512MB External : Limited by size of USB (32G)

Screen storage

Setup storage

VSWR

Number of data points

126, 251, 501, 1001, 2001

Return loss Range

0 to -60dB

VSWR Range

1 to 65

Cable Loss

Cable loss range

0 to -30dB, 0.01dB Resolution

Interference Immunity

On-Frequency

+10dBm

On-Channel

+20dBm

DTF

Return Loss Display Range

0 to 60dB Distance Range

0 to 1250m (4125ft)

VSWR Display Range

0 to 65

Miscellaneous

Dimension

260X193X67mm

Weight

<2.45Kg include battery

A434L Voltage and Current

12Vd.c., 3.5A

Adaptor AC Input

100 to 250Vd.c., 1.5A

DC Output

12Vd.c., 5A

Battery

Li-lon (4hr operating time after full charging), 12Vd.c., 7600mAh

Environmental

Operating Temperature

0°C ~ +50°C

Storage Temperature

-40°C ~ +80°C (-40°F ~ +176°F)

Humidity

95%R.H. NO Condensation

Degree of protection

IPX0

Power Meter(Option)

Frequency Range

20MHz to 3.8GHz

Sensor Type

Average

Peak Power Sensor

-40dBm to +10dBm

Accuracy

±7%

Test Port

Precision N Female

Table 1.1 Basic Specifications

1.2.2 Key Measurements

 High resolution VSWR Measurements  Distance to Fault (DTF) Measurements  Cable Loss Measurements  RMS Power Measurements (optional)

1.2.3 Key Features

 Rechargeable and infield replaceable lithium-ion battery  Built-in world-wide signal standards and frequency

channels

 7 Inch TFT color display viewable in daylight  Dual display to view multiple measurements

simultaneously to reduce test time

 Easy front keypad operation  Superior immunity to RF interference  Up to 2001 data points to locate long range problems  Built-in cable menus containing >90 cables’

characteristics

 User friendly menu structure  Saves up to Memory (user setups, traces, screens)  Alphanumeric labeling of saved data  Automatic Time/Date stamp of saved data  USB Port (USB 2.0)  Remote firmware upgrade capability

 Fast one-touch selection of menu item or positioning

 Smart Battery management can be check Battery

 Rechargeable and field replaceable Lithium Ion battery

 Backlight keypad for easier use in dark environments  Sun-Light Readable LCD for readability

1.3 The Layout of A434L

marker

capability

with more than 4 hours operation time

Figure 1.1 A434L Front Panel

Figure 1.2 A434L Rear Panel

Figure 1.3 A434L Upper Panel

1.4 Ordering Information

1.4.1 Standard Accessories

The standard accessories supplied with the A434L RF Master are as follows:

Description

Picture

Specification

Soft Carrying Case

AC-DC Adapter

Input: 100 ~ 240Va.c.,

1.5A

Output: 12Vd.c., 5A

Neck Strap

Hand Strap Li-ion Battery

Output: 8.4Vd.c. MAX,

7800mAh

User’s Manual

Hard Copy

Description

Picture

Specification

Power Sensor

(Part No: S134)

Frequency Range

: 20MHz to 3.8GHz

Sensor Type : Average

Peak Power Sensor

: -40dBm to +10dBm

Accuracy : ±7%

Test Port : Precision N Female

Battery Charger

(Part No: C122R5)

Input: 100 ~ 240Va.c.,

1.5A

Output: 12Vd.c., 5A

1.4.2 Options

The options supplied with the A434L RF Master are as follows:

PREPARATION FOR USE

OPERATING MANUAL

2.1 General Information

Unpack the Analyzer and other accessories. Check the contents of the package against the list specified in section 1.4.1. Connect your A434L to the AD-DC Adaptor(12Vd.c., 5A) or Li-ion Battery(8.4Vd.c. MAX, 7800mAh) power source by means of the Power Cable supplied with the instrument.

Warm-up the Analyzer for 20 minutes after turning the power on.

Assemble the test setup using cables, connectors, fixtures, etc, which allow DUT connection to the Analyzer.

Perform calibration of the Analyzer. Calibration procedure is described in section 4.1.3.

2.2 Power Adaptor

The equipment uses following power supply.

Product: Switching Power Supply Adaptor

Model no. FSP060-DBAE1

AC INPUT: 100-240Va.c.~, 1.5A, 50-60Hz

DC OUTPUT: 12.0Vd.c. 5.0A MAX

Manufactured by: Zhonghan Electronics (Shenzhen)

Trade mark: FSP GROUPINCUC

2.3 Battery

A434L use CE, UL Certificated PBP-7800 Battery.

Figure 2.1 A434L Battery

CAUTION

RISK OF EXPLOSIOM IF BATTERY IS REPLACED BY AN INCORRECT TYPE.

DISPOSE OF USED BATTERIES ACCORDING TO THE MANUFACTURER’S INSTRUCTIONS.

① If the “push” button on the battery is pressed, the remained

battery volume will be displayed in the battery icon next to the

“push” button.

② Each level of the battery indicator takes 20% of the battery

portion. If the battery level is three, it means the battery is charged 40% - 60%.

③ As illustrated below, please insert the battery pack while the

printed label is on the upside.

④ Non rechargeable Li-Ion battery was in analyzer. ⑤ This non rechargeable Li-Ion battery is CR02032.(made by Hitachi

Maxwell Ltd)

2.3.1

Caution

① Avoid placing the battery pack near heating sources of on the

place near windows.

② Do not store the battery pack in the high humidity. ③ If the battery is unused for a long time, separate it from the unit. ④ Keep this battery pack away from children ⑤ If electrolyte from the battery pack is leaking or the battery pack

smells strangely, keep the battery pack away from fire.

⑥ In case that electrolyte from the battery pack is touched by any

part of the human body, wash it immediately and go to hospital to prevent potential damage.

⑦ Use the authorized charger only. ⑧ Do not abandon the battery pack in the car in the summer. ⑨ Avoid any shock to the battery pack. ⑩ Do not replace non rechargeable Li-Ion battery except for

certified person.

⑪ This battery has about ten-month warranty.

Open the battery cover.

Insert the battery (Observe correct battery polarity orientation when installing).

Close the battery cover.

2.3.2

Installing a Battery

Caution: Full charge the battery before first using the analyzer.

Figure 2.2 A434L Right Side View

Insert the battery in the analyzer.

Plug in the AC- DC adapter and switch on the external power.

The charge indicator icon on the screen, indicating that the battery is charging and is fully charged.

2.3.3

Charging a Battery

You may charge the battery both in the analyzer and in the external battery charger.

During charging and discharging, the battery voltage, current, and temperature are monitored. If any of the monitored conditions exceed their safety limits, the battery will terminate any further charging or discharging until the error condition is corrected.

2.3.4

Battery Low

If A434L runs out of battery, the following message will appear on the display.

Figure 2.3 Battery 10% or Battery 5% Screen Display

2.3.5

Battery Power Off

If the battery power is lower than 1%, the following message will appear on the display, and the Power will be Off.

Figure 2.4 Battery Power Off Screen Display

2.4 Front Panel

The front view of A434L is represented in figure 1.1. The front panel is equipped with the following parts:

2.4.1

Key Layout

Figure 2.5 A434L Key Layout

«VSWR» Activates the VSWR measurement mode.

«DTF» Activates the DTF measurement mode.

«Cable Loss» Activates the Cable Loss

measurement mode.

«Power Meter» Activates the RF Power measurement mode. An optional power sensor must be connected to the instrument before using this function

«System» Opens the system screen menu.

«CAL» Opens the calibration screen menu.

2.4.2 ① Function Hard keys

The six hard keys are located at the left of the display. The function of each key is indicated on each key. Depending on the selection of Hard Keys, the functions shown in the screen menu may vary.

2.4.3 ② Soft Keys

The six keys at the right of the display are the Soft Keys.

Each Soft Key has a function which varies depending on the operation mode. The function of each key is displayed at the right side of the display as a screen menu. As the LCD is touch-screen, the function can be selected by touching the screen menu.

«Power Switch» toggles between On and Off states of the Analyzer.

Note

Holding the key for more than 3 seconds on an operating Analyzer will turn off the power supply

CAUTION

Do not disconnect the power cable from the mains when the Analyzer is operating. This can damage the Analyzer software.

2.4.4 ③ Power Switch Key

2.4.5 ④ Multi Keys

Enter values printed on the keys when a value input pop-up window is prompted on the screen. Open a menu linked with the functions in blue or directly perform the specified function.

«Numeric & specific function» key

Multi keys operate as follows when a user is prompted to input values by pop-up window.

 Numeric keys from 0 to 9 are used

to input user setting numbers.

 The plus/minus (+/-) key is used to

assign positive or negative numbers in the user settings.

 The period key (.) is used to input

numbers with decimal points.

Multi keys are used in VSWR, DTF, and Cable Loss measurement mode. Unless otherwise specified, multi keys do not support Power Meter mode.

«0»…«9», «.» keys

...

«0»…«9», numeric keys and decimal point used for entry of decimal numbers at the cursor location.

«±» key

«±» key is used to change the sign of a

decimal number.

«Auto Scale» key

«Auto Scale» The instrument can

automatically set the scale to the minimum and maximum values of a measurement on the Y-axis of the graph for optimum display of the traces. Every time AUTO SCALE key is pressed, the top and bottom scales are set to the minimum and maximum values with margin on the Y-axis of the screen display.

«AMP» key

«AMP» AMP (amplitude) defines a

manual setting for the scale on the Yaxis of the graph. It can be selected in VSWR, DTF, and Cable Loss measurement mode.

«Freq/Dist» key

«Freq/Dist» key causes different

screen menu to be displayed depending on a measurement mode. In VSWR or Cable Loss measurement modes it opens a frequency screen menu and in DTF measurement mode it opens a distance screen menu.

«Trace Point» key

«Trace Point» Trace point is used to

select the number of data points to take during a VSWR and Cable Loss measurement mode. There are four data points available: 126, 251, 501, 1001 and 2001. The default number of trace points is 1001.

«Marker» key

«Marker» A marker is used to get

the data on the specific point of a trace. A total of six markers can be displayed on the screen and each marker can be assigned independently. Placing a marker on

the trace displays the marker’s Y

coordinates next to the marker’s position. If the marker table is turned on, both X and Y coordinates of all activated markers are displayed.

«Trace» key

«Trace» key enables for selection of

active channel and trace. Active channel is a channel, which accepts the channel parameter setting commands. Active trace is similarly a trace, which accepts the trace parameter setting commands. Before sending commands to change a channel or a trace settings, activate the channel or trace,

«Peak» key

«Peak» This key is used to find the

peak value of a trace. Pressing this key leads to the activation of Marker CH1 and places the marker to the peak point of the trace.

«Load» key

«Load» key enables for recalling of

the Trace, Screen, and State.

«Save» key

«Save» key enables for saving of the

Trace, Screen, and State.

«Light» key

«Light» This key is used to adjust the

brightness of the LCD display. Adjustment can be made from 0 to 100% and the default setting is 50%.

«Scale» key

«Scale» This key is used to select a

unit of Y axis of the graph in VSWR and DTF measurement modes. Either VSWR or Return Loss can be selected. In Cable Loss measurement mode, Return Loss only can be selected.

«Hold» key

«Hold» This key is used to pause a

sweep in all measurement modes.

«ESC» key

«ESC» key is used for the following:

 If there is an active data entry

field, this key cancels all

the data entered in the

field and restores the value

of the field as it was before

any new numbers or

characters were entered.

 If there is no active data entry

field, this key brings the

user back to an upper level

of the soft key menu.

2.4.6 ⑤ ESC, Back, Arrow Keys

«Back» key

«Back»

 Delete a character or number.

«Arrow» key

«Arrow» key is used for the

following:

 Moves a marker position or

highlighted selection bar

one point at a time.

«ENTER» key

«ENTER» key is used for the

following:

 If there is an active data

entry field, this key

completes the entry

process and assigns the

new value to the field.

 If there is no active data

entry field, this key

enables the function of

a highlighted soft key.

2.4.7 ⑥ Enter Keys

«Knob» key

«Knob» The rotary knob is used for

the following:

 Move an active marker or a

highlighted selection bar in

the list.

The Analyzer is equipped with 7” color LCD. The display can come

complete with a touch screen (TS option). The touch screen LCD allows

manipulating the Analyzer by touching the LCD screen directly with a

finger.

CAUTION

Do not press the touch screen with a

pen, screwdriver or any other sharp-

pointed object. This can damage the touch screen.

2.4.8 ⑦ Knob Keys

2.4.9 Display

The display consists of the control elements and area for measurement result

indication.

The main control element of the display is a vertical soft key menu bar in the right-

hand part of the screen.

The soft key menu bar consists of program soft key panels, which appear one

instead of the other on the screen. Each panel represents one of the submenus of

the soft key menu. All the panels are integrated into multilevel menu system and allow access to all the functions of the Analyzer.

Note

The top line of the screen represents

the menu bar, which enables you direct

access to the submenus of the soft key

menu. This menu is an auxiliary one and can be hidden.

2.5 Upper Panel

All Input/Output ports of the Protek A434L are located on the upside of the instrument as shown in Figure 2.6

Figure 2.6 A434L Upper Panel

Provides input for the DC power source via an AC-DC adapter.

In case of emergency, to avoid danger of electric shock or the like, pull the power cable out of the power outlet or the DC power connector of the instrument.

Output(Accepts) an internal(external) output(input) with a frequency range from 5MHz to 4GHz.

50ohm N-type RF Connector, maximum allowable input is +25dBm.

Ethernet port allows the user to connect the Analyzer to a LAN (Local Area Network). This connection enables the user to control the instrument using an external PC. Used for upgrading the instrument’s firmware.

 10BASE-T & 100BASE-TX support

 CAT5e UTP Cable uses

2.5.1 DC Power Connector

2.5.2 RF OUT/Reflection

2.5.3 Ethernet Port

USB ports allow connection of various external USB compatible devices, such as flash memory stick and Power Sensor. Used for either saving measurement data or an optional external power sensor.

 5Vd.c. , 500mA

 Type A

2.5.4 USB Port

2.6 FAN

2.6.1 FAN Operation

FAN operates if the internal temperature of the system rises.

 The FAN is ON when the temperature is higher than 70.0℃

 The FAN is OFF when the temperature is lower than 65.0℃

2.6.2 FAN Alarm

The message of “Fan check required!!!” will be indicated in the bottom left corner of the displaye if the FAN does not properly operates.

Figure 2.7 FAN Alarm Screen Display

GETTING STARTED

OPERATING MANUAL

3.1 Power Up

3.1.1

Initialization

The initialization screen (Figure 3.1) appears when the instrument is started

with the indication “System Initialization”. After a successful initialization,

data loading and self-test, the VSWR measurement screen appears.

Figure 3.1 Boot Logo / Initialization Screen

3.1.2

System Information

Before using the instrument, verify the firmware’s version and status of the instrument.

 Firmware version: For the instrument’s best performance, make

sure the latest version of firmware has been installed. Information about the latest firmware can be located at www.gsi-protek.com

 Verify the system temperature is within the instrument operating

range. Depending on the storage condition, the temperature of the instrument at power up may be out of normal operating range in winter or summer season. Measurements over the operating temperature range may be out of resolution.

Figure 3.2 System Screen

3.2 Layout of the Display Screen

Figure 3.3 Display Screen

Indicates the instrument is using an external power supply. The internal battery is charged when an external power supply is connected.

Indicates the instrument is using the internal battery and shows the remaining battery capacity.

Battery Off Icon: This icon appears when a battery is not installed in the instrument.

 Battery Gauge: Indicates the status of the internal battery

 Measurement Mode: Indicates a current measurement mode. The

selected mode is displayed in dark blue.

 Date and Time: Indicates the system clock information.

 Screen Menu set: Indicates the set of screen menu selections.

 Screen Menu: Indicates the selectable screen menu. Selection of

the menu can be made by pressing the soft key or touching the screen menu directly.

 Trace Information

 Calibration On/Off Status

 Calibration Information: Calibrated frequency band and timing

 Trace Points

 Y Scale Unit

 Trace Average (applicable to VSWR and Cable Loss

measurement mode only) before using the instrument, verify the firmware’s version and status of the instrument.

 Span

 Band Name

 Cable Name (applicable to DTF measurement mode only)

 Max D: Maximum measurement distance limited by user

frequency setting

 VT (Relative Propagation Velocity), CL (Cable Loss) – applicable

to DTF measurement mode only

 Message window: Displays the result of performed functions or

error messages.

3.3 Function Hard Keys Structure

Function hard keys on the front panel of the instrument are used to select measurement modes or perform specified functions. Refer to the following sections for the key structure to be used in each measurement modes.

Figure 3.4 Function Hard Key

Function Key Screen Menu

1st Layer

2nd Layer

3rd Layer

4th Layer

SYSTEM

Upgrade

Confirm

Beep

OFF ON

Sweep Mode

Conti

Sing

Instrument

Setting >>

Language >>

English

Return

Date/Time >>

Date Format

YMD MDY

DMY

Set Date

Set Time

Return

LAN >>

Apply

IP Addr

10.10.10.73

Net Mask

255.255.255.0

Gateway

10.10.10.1

Return

Alignment

3.3.1

System Screen Menu

System screen menu is used to change the basic settings of the instrument and consists of sub-menus as shown in Table 3.1.

Touch Screen

Return

Sleep Time

Enter

Back Space

Cancel

Return

Preset

Yes

LED >>

10 Sec

OFF

10 Sec

20 Sec

Return

Function Key

Screen Menu

1st Layer

2nd Layer

3rd Layer

4th Layer

CAL

Open

Start

Back

Short

Start

Back

Load

Start

Back

VSWR

AMP

Max(Top)

Table 3.1 Menu Structure in system mode

3.3.2

Common Menu

The menu structure is common to all the measurement modes except to the Power Meter mode, shown in Table 3.2. Refer to section 3.3.6 for screen menus applicable to the Power Meter mode.

DTF

Cable Loss

2.00

Min(Bottom)

1.00

Limit

OFF ON

Limit Level

3.00

Dual Mode

Freq/

Dist

Start Freq

5.00 MHz

Stop Freq

4000.00 MHz

Center Freq

2002.50 MHz

Span Freq

3995.00MHz

Band List >>

Standard Band

Select

Add to Custom

Return

Custom Band

Select

Delete

Delete All

Return

Trace Point

126

251

501

1001

2001

Marker

1 2 3 4 5 6

Marker View

OFF ON

Marker Type

Normal Delta

Marker

Clear All

Marker Edit

Marker Band >>

Marker Band 1

Band View

OFF ON

Band Slect

Start Stop

Band Edit

Return

Marker Band 2

Band View

OFF ON

Band Slect

Start Stop

Band Edit

Return

Marker Band 3

Band View

OFF ON

Band Slect

Start Stop

Band Edit

Return

Clear All

Return

Trace

T1 T2 T3

Trace Capture

Trace View

OFF ON

Clear Write

Trace Clear

Trace

Clear All

Peak

Peak Right

Peak Left

Max Search

Min Search

Load

Load Trace

(*.tra)

Select

File Manager >>

Rename

Delete

Delete All

Copy to USB

Copy All

to USB

Return

Destination >>

Trace 1

Trace 2

Trace 3

Trace 4

Return

Load Screen

(*.jpg)

Select

File Manager >>

Rename

Delete

Delete All

Copy to USB

Copy All

to USB

Return

Load Setup

(*.sta)

Select

File Manager >>

Rename

Delete

Delete All

Copy to USB

Copy All

to USB

Return

Load From

Internal USB

Save

Save Trace

(*.tra)

Trace 1

Trace 2

Trace 3

Trace 4

Return

Save Screen

(*.png)

Save State

(*.sta)

Save to

Internal

USB

Light

Auto Scale

Scale

Hold

3.2 Menu Structure Common to all measurement mode

Function

Key

Screen Menu

1st Layer

2nd Layer

3rd Layer

4th Layer

VSWR

Freq/

Dist

Start Freq

(453.0 MHz)

Stop Freq

(464.0 MHz)

Center Freq

(458.5 MHz)

Span

(11.0 MHz)

Band List >>

(C450 P Up)

Startdard Band

Custom Band

Return

AMP

Max (Top)

0.00 dB

Min (Bottom)

40.00 dB

Limit

OFF ON

Limit Level

10.00 dB

Marker

1 2 3 4 5

Marker View

3.3.3

VSWR Menu

The menu structure of the VSWR hard function key and multi keys in VSWR measurement mode is shown in Table 3.3.

OFF ON

Marker Type

Normal

Delta

Marker Clear

All

Marker Edit

Marker Band >>

Marker Band 1

Band View

OFF ON

Band Select

Start Stop

Band Edit

Return

Marker Band 2

Band View

OFF ON

Band Select

Start Stop

Band Edit

Return

Marker Band 3

Band View

OFF ON

Band Select

Start Stop

Band Edit

Return

Clear All

Return

3.3 Menu Structure Used for VSWR Measurement mode

Function Key

Screen Menu

1st Layer

2nd Layer

3rd Layer

4th Layer

DTF

Freq/

Dist

Start Freq

(453.0 MHz)

Stop Freq

(464.0 MHz)

Distance

(25.0 Meter)

Band List >

(C450 P Up)

Startdard Band

Custom Band

Return

Cable List >

(FSJ 250)

Startdard Band

Custom Band

Return

DTF Setting >

Apply

Velocity

Cable Loss

Unit

Meter

Feet

Windowing

(Rectangular)

Rectangular

Blackman

Hamming

Hann

Return

3.3.4

DTF Menu

The menu structure of the DTF hard function key and multi keys in DTF measurement mode is shown in Table 3.4.

Return

AMP

Max (Top)

Min (Bottom)

Limit

OFF ON

Limit Level

1.01

Marker

1 2 3 4 5

Marker View

OFF ON

Marker Type

Normal

Delta

Marker Clear

All

Marker Edit

Function Key

Screen Menu

1st Layer

2nd Layer

3rd Layer

4th Layer

The menu structure of the Cable Loss hard function key and multi keys in Cable Loss measurement mode are shown in Table 3.5

3.4 Menu Structure Used for DTF Measurement Mode

3.3.5

Cable Loss Menu

Calbe Loss

Freq/

Dist

Start Freq

(453.0 MHz)

Stop Freq

(464.0 MHz)

Center Freq

(458.5 MHz)

Span

(11.0 MHz)

Band List >

(C450 P Up)

Startdard Band

Custom Band

Return

AMP

Max (Top)

0.00 dB

Min (Bottom)

40.00 dB

Limit

OFF ON

Limit Level

10.00 dB

Marker

1 2 3 4 5

Marker View

OFF ON

Marker Type

Normal

Delta

Marker Clear

All

Marker Edit

Marker Band >>

Band View

Marker Band 1

OFF ON

Band Select

Start Stop

Band Edit

Return

Marker Band 2

Band View

OFF ON

Band Select

Start Stop

Band Edit

Return

Marker Band 3

Band View

OFF ON

Band Select

Start Stop

Band Edit

Return

Clear All

Return

Function Key

Screen Menu

1st Layer

2nd Layer

3rd Layer

4th Layer

Power Meter

Initialize/Preset

The menu structure of the Power Meter hard function key and multi keys in Power Meter is shown in Table 3.6.

Table 3.5 Menu Structure Used for Cable Loss Measurement Mode

3.3.6

Power Meter Menu

Frequency

Display Setup

Unit

dBm Watts

External Offset

0.00 dB

Return

Mode >>

(Average)

AVG

Return

Table 3.6 Menu Structure Used in Power Meter Measurement Mode

3.4 System Key

The System key enables users to verify the system information or change the instrument settings.

Selecting the System key opens the following information:

 Software Version

 Device Version

 Brightness of the display

 Keypad beep On/Off setting

 Sleep Mode setting: time to sleep mode

 Battery remaining charge capacity

 Keypad Backlight On time

 Selected language

 System temperature

 Model / Serial Number

 IP Address Info

Figure 3.5 System Status Screen

The System key opens the following screen menu:

 Upgrade: Upgrades the firmware of the instrument. For detailed

upgrade procedure, refer to the section “5.Software Upgrade”.

 Beep: Activates or deactivates the beep sound when keys are

pressed.

 Sweep Mode: Sets the sweep mode either single or continuous in

VSWR, DTF, or Cable Loss measurements. If Sweep Mode is set Single, the message “Hold On” is displayed at the completion of a current sweep and the sweep stops. Every time the Hold key is pressed, the sweep is done once.

 Instrument Setting

 Language: Changes the language used to display the menu,

messages and information on the screen display. Currently only available in English.

 Time/Date: Sets the time of the system clock.

 LAN

 Touch Screen

 Sleep Time: Sets the time to enter into power saving mode.

Power saving mode is automatically activated when no key entry occurs during the Sleep Time.

 Preset : Set Default Configuration Data

 LED: Keypad Backlight On time. If no Keypad input is LED Off after

a set time.

3.5 Multi Keys

Twelve multi keys are located under the LCD display. The Multi keys serve multiple functions depending on the operation mode. The dual purpose keys are indicated in black color and the specific functions in blue color. The key is used to enter a numeric data when a user is prompted to input values. In all the other cases, the keys are used to perform the specific function.

The function and operating procedure for each multi keys are described in the following sections

Figure 3.6 Multi Keys Layout

3.5.1

Numeric Data Entry

Multi keys operate as follows when a user is prompted to input values by pop-up window.

Numeric keys from 0 to 9 are used to input user setting numbers. The plus/minus (+/-) key is used to assign positive or negative numbers in the user settings. The period key (.) is used to input numbers with decimal points.

3.5.2

Specific Function Keys

Multi keys are used in VSWR, DTF, and Cable Loss measurement mode. Unless otherwise specified, multi keys do not support Power Meter mode.

1. AMP

AMP (amplitude) defines a manual setting for the scale on the Y-axis of the graph. It can be selected in VSWR, DTF, and Cable Loss measurement mode.

Depending on the choice of an amplitude unit, allowable input value is limited to the following:

 In case Y scale is VSWR:

 Max(Top): Setting value can be from 1.01 to 65.00 and it

cannot be equal to or smaller than the Min(Bottom) setting value. Adjustment can be made by steps of 0.01.

 Min(Bottom): Setting value can be from 1.0 to 64.99 and it

cannot be equal to or larger than the Max(Top) setting value. Adjustment can be made by steps of 0.01.

 In case Y Scale is Return Loss:

 Max(Top): Setting value can be from 0.0 to 59.99dB and it

cannot be equal to or smaller than the Min(Bottom) setting value. Adjustment can be made by steps of 0.01.

 Min(Bottom): Setting value can be from 0.01 to 60.00dB and

it cannot be equal to or larger than the Max(Top) setting value. Adjustment can be made by steps of 0.01.

 Limit line: Turns On and Off the display of the limit line on the

screen.  If a measurement exceeds the limit line, the trace above the

limit line is displayed in red color.

 An audible beep sound is generated.

 Limit level: Sets the position of a limit line. Depending on the Y-

scale of a graph, the input value is set automatically as none for VSWR or dB for Return Loss. The value of limit level is displayed on the limit line.

The instrument takes the negative value of the Return Loss internally. Users don’t need to add minus (-) sign before typing in a value. Y-axis of a graph also doesn’t show minus sign.

2. Freq/Dist

Freq/Dist key causes different screen menu to be displayed depending on a measurement mode. In VSWR or Cable Loss measurement modes it opens a frequency screen menu and in DTF measurement mode it opens a distance screen menu.

 VSWR/ Cable Loss Measurement Mode

 Center: Sets a center frequency of the measurement to be

made.

 Start: Sets a start frequency of the measurement to be made.  Stop: Sets a stop frequency of the measurement to be made.  Span: Sets a user-defined frequency span.  Band: Opens standard or custom frequency band registered

in the instrument.

 Standard: Opens the world-wide standard Band List

registered in the instrument.

- Top of List: Moves to the first page of the Band

List.

- Page Up: Moves to the previous page.

- Page Down: Moves to the next page.

- Bottom of List: Moves to the last page of the

Band List.

- Add to Custom: Copies a frequency band

registered in the Standard Band List to the Custom Band.

 Custom: Opens the customized Band List registered in

the instrument.

- Top of List: Moves to the first page of the Band

List.

- Page Up: Moves to the previous page.

- Page Down: Moves to the next page.

- Bottom of List: Moves to the last page of the

Band List.

- Delete Custom: Deletes a frequency band from

 DTF Measurement Mode

 Start Frequency: Sets a starting frequency to measure DTF  Stop Frequency: Sets a stop frequency to measure DTF  Distance: Sets a distance to measure. The maximum

measurable distance is 1250m (4125ft).

 Cable List: Opens a list of coaxial cables registered in the

instrument. About forty kinds of cables are registered in the standard cable list. The user can register additional cables to the instrument by using the application software program provided with the instrument.

 Standard: Opens the Cable List registered in the

instrument.

- Top of List: Moves to the first page of the Cable

- Page Up: Moves to the previous page.

- Page Down: Moves to the next page.

- Bottom of List: Moves to the last page of the

- Add to Custom: Copies a cable registered in the

 Custom: Opens a Custom Cable List registered in the

instrument.

- Top of List: Moves to the first page of the Cable

- Page Up: Moves to the previous page.

- Page Down: Moves to the next page.

- Bottom of List: Moves to the last page of the

- Delete Custom: Deletes a cable registered in the

 Window: Applies video filtering to the display of the trace. If

the video filter is activated by turning the Window On, traces

the Custom Band.

List.

Cable List.

Standard Cable List to the Custom Cable List.

List.

Cable List.

Custom Cable List.

are reduced by smoothing out the sharp transitions, thereby enabling users easy to discriminate noises and peaks.

 Setup

 Velocity: Opens the Relative Propagation Velocity

parameter for data entry. Enter the propagation velocity for the type of transmission line being tested.

 Cable Loss: Opens the Cable Loss parameter for data

entry. Enter the loss per meter for the type of transmission line being tested.

 Unit: Selects the unit of X-axis scale to display the

measurement results in Meter or Feet.

3. Trace Point

Trace point is used to select the number of data points to take during a VSWR and Cable Loss measurement mode. There are four data points available: 126, 251, 501 and 1001. The default number of trace points is

1001.

4. Marker

A marker is used to get the data on the specific point of a trace. A total of six markers can be displayed on the screen and each marker can be assigned independently. Placing a marker on the trace displays the marker’s Y coordinates next to the marker’s position. If the marker table is turned on, both X and Y coordinates of all activated markers are displayed.

 Marker

 Select: Selects an Active Marker whose position is moved by

the dial knob or Up and Down arrow keys. The assigned number of an active marker is displayed in red color on the

Select screen menu and the marker’s number is also displayed

next to the marker on the trace.

 Marker View: Hides or displays the selected marker on the

screen. In the same measurement mode markers appear at

the previous positions when the Marker View is turned off and on. If a measurement mode has been changed, markers are not restored to previous positions but move to the left end of the trace.

 All Off: Turns all markers off the screen. Markers are

redisplayed on the previous position if markers are turned back on. If a measurement mode is changed, current settings are not restored.

 Draw Type: Selects the maximum number of markers to be

used simultaneously. Available options are either 4CH or 6CH. If 4CH mode is selected, markers number 5 and number 6 cannot be activated. Settings changed in Draw Type are reflected in Marker CH and Marker table.

 Marker Table: Displays a table on the left side of the screen

when Marker Table is activated. All X and Y coordinates of the activated markers are displayed on the table. Depending on the selection in Draw Type, the number of markers on the table is either 4 or 6.

 Marker Edit: Sets the marker position manually. A pop-up

window appears for users to set the frequency and the marker position is moved to the setting frequency

 Moving Markers

 Knob – Turning the knob clockwise moves a marker to the

right and counter clockwise moves it to the left. The knob is used to move the marker position fast.

 Up/Down Arrow Keys – Pressing the up arrow key (↑)

moves a marker’s position one point to the right and pressing the down arrow key (↓) moves a marker’s position one point to the left. Up/Down Arrow keys are used to move a marker’s position precisely.

As the instrument is equipped with a touch panel operation, a marker can be placed to the desired position by simply

touching the screen. Quickly moves an activated marker to the desired position and makes a fine adjustment using a dial knob or up/down arrow keys.

5. Trace

Captures a trace for comparison with other traces or saves traces.

Figure 3.7 Trace Screen Display

 Select: Selects an active trace. Every time Select screen menu is

pressed, the active trace changes. Channel numbers are assigned to each captured traces or loaded traces. Refer to Save & Load” for procedures to load traces.

 Capture: Captures a current trace on the screen and assigns a

Trace CH. Refer to “Save & Load” for procedures to save traces.

 View: Hides or displays the Trace CH on the screen. Press Select

screen menu key to choose the Trace CH. Traces with View set OFF are hidden from the screen. The information about the hidden traces is also cleared from the information window shown on the upper right of the screen. Setting View On restores hidden traces and information on the window.

 Info: Hides or displays the trace information window on the upper

right corner of the screen. This is used to view traces overlaid with the trace information window.

 Clear CH: Deletes an active trace channel from the screen. The

cleared channel is not restored. It is used to select and delete a trace channel one by one when multiple channels are displayed on the screen. Verify the channels to delete with View ON/OFF function in advance settings as cleared channels cannot be restored.

 Clear All: Deletes all channels from the instrument and initialize

the trace settings.

6. Peak

This key is used to find the peak value of a trace. Pressing this key leads to the activation of Marker CH1 and places the marker to the peak point of the trace.

 Peak Right: Moves a marker to the nearest peak on the right.  Peak Left: Moves a marker to the nearest peak on the left.  Max Search: Moves a marker to the highest point of the trace.  Min Search: Moves a marker to the lowest point of the trace.

7. Load

Load key enables for recalling of the Trace, Screen, and State

8. Save

Save key enables for saving of the Trace, Screen, and State.

9. Light

This key is used to adjust the brightness of the LCD display. Adjustment can be made from 0 to 100% and the default setting is 50%.

10. Scale

This key is used to select a unit of Y axis of the graph in VSWR and DTF measurement modes. Either VSWR or Return Loss can be selected. In Cable Loss measurement mode, Return Loss only can be selected.

11. Auto Scale

The instrument can automatically set the scale to the minimum and maximum values of a measurement on the Y-axis of the graph for optimum display of the traces. Every time AUTO SCALE key is pressed, the top and bottom scales are set to the minimum and maximum values with margin on the Y-axis of the screen display.

12. Hold

 This key is used to pause a sweep in all measurement modes. The

Hold state is activated by pressing the Hold key, and it is maintained even if users change the measurement mode. The sweep resumes when the Hold key is pressed again.

 When Sweep Mode is set Single in the System screen menu, a Hold

message is displayed on the screen in red color and the measurement stops at the completion of a single sweep. Pressing the Hold key it triggers another single sweep.

MEASUREMENT DATA ANALYSIS

OPERATING MANUAL

4.1 VSWR

To get maximum power into a load it is required that the load impedance match the generator impedance. Any impedance difference, or mismatching would not produce maximum power transfer. A mismatch at the antenna system produces a reflective 'traveling wave' which goes in the opposite direction from the incident wave. As the two traveling waves cross each other in opposite direction, it produces an interference pattern called a "standing wave". VSWR is the ratio between the power that is sent forward to the antenna and the amount of the power that is reflected back toward the transmitter.

Some of the consequences of having a high VSWR condition in cellular services are: dropped calls, poor reception, and an overall unacceptable performance in the cell (or section of cell) covered by the base station antenna. Therefore, the VSWR of the antenna system including the feed line is one of the most critical factors in the service and maintenance of the RF transmitter systems.

4.1.1

VSWR Display Description

The screen shown in Figure 4.1 is displayed when VSWR measurement mode is selected. Various kinds of information related to the VSWR measurement are shown on the screen.

Figure 4.1 VSWR Measurement Screen Display

Calibration Info: Displays a calibration state on the measurement frequency

band that a user has selected. When the instrument is first turned on, the

state is “Cal Off”. The symbol “Cal On” is displayed along with the execution

time and frequency band after the calibration is successfully completed.

Trace Point: Sets the number of data points to take during a measurement

mode. Selection is made from one of five choices.

126, 251, 5001, 1001, 2001

Selecting 501 data points provides twice as many measurement points as

251, but it takes approximately twice as long for the trace to sweep and

display.

Selecting the trace points larger than needed for the measurement will result in a longer sweep time. This may hinder the user from observing the fast changing traces.

It is recommended to select high resolution trace points only when measuring the wide frequency band or a precise measurement is required.

The previously executed calibration is effective even after the trace points change.

Trace Average: Indicates the average value of a single sweep over the user

setting frequency band.

Freq. Span: It is a user-defined frequency band. Changing the frequency

band doesn’t affect the sweep time, but affects the calibration. Recalibration

is required if the frequency setting is changed.

Freq Band Info: The band name is displayed if the band is selected from the

band list stored in the instrument. If the user sets the start, stop, center or

span frequency manually, the band name will show “Custom”

Limit Line: Sets the upper limit value of the trace. The portion of the trace

that exceeds the limit line is displayed in red color. The captured trace by

using the Trace function does not display the exceeded portion of the trace

in different color.

Y scale unit: It is the measurement unit of the Y axis displayed for the trace.

Return Loss (dB)

VSWR

Action

Note

Setting Center Freq and Span.

1. Press the Freq/Dist key.

Multi key.

2. Select the

Center Freq

screen menu.

 The current setting is displayed

on the Window.

3. Enter a center frequency value.

4. Press the Enter key.

5. Select the

Span

screen menu.

6. Enter a span value.

7. Press the Enter key.

Setting Start/ Stop Frequency.

1. Press the Freq/Dist key.

 The current setting is cleared

when a new value is entered.

 Press the ESC key to delete one

by one the numbers displayed on the pop-up window.

 Pressing the ESC key repeatedly

will cancel the input mode.

 The frequency input unit is in

MHz and the minimum input steps is 0.01MHz

2. Select the

Start

screen menu.

3. Enter a start frequency value.

4. Press the Enter key.

5. Select the

Stop

screen menu.

6. Enter a stop frequency value.

7. Press the Enter key.

Selection from the band list stored in the instrument.

1. Press the Freq/Dist key.

 Press the Up(↑) / Down(↓) arrow

keys or rotate the dial knob to select a band from the list.

 Select the

Page Up/Page Down

screen menu for searching bands not shown in the screen.

2. Select the

Band

screen menu.

3. Select the band from the list and press the Enter key.

4.1.2

Setting Frequency

Frequencies can be set manually or selected from a band list stored in the instrument. It is desirable to set the frequency to a value that covers the normal range of the measurement with enough margin.

Table 4.1 Frequency Setting Procedure

Changing the frequency settings will automatically turn calibration off with the symbol “CAL OFF” displayed on the screen. Always set the frequency before calibrating the instrument. Changing the trace points during the

measurement doesn’t affect the calibration.

4.1.3

Calibration

The instrument must be calibrated to get a reliable measurement result. For best results, set the frequency and calibrate the instrument immediately before taking a measurement.

 Calibration accessories (optional)

 Calibration Kit which contains one 50ohm load, one Open

standard and one Short standard

 Test cable: Use a phase stable cable for reliable and

consistent measurement results

To minimize the measurement error, connect the port extension cable to the RF In port on the instrument and then connect the Cal Kit to the end of the extension cable.

Figure 4.2 VSWR Calibration Connection

Bending or moving the phase unstable cable while making a measurement may cause errors in the measurement. The test cable used for port extension must be phase stable in the measurement frequencies.

At the successful completion of each calibration step, the message is displayed with a beep sound.

Figure 4.2 illustrates the connection method when a port extension cable is used for calibration.

Action

Note

Performs Calibration after the frequency setting and test cable connections.

1. Press the CAL key.

Hard function key.

2. Connect an Open standard.

Connect CAL Kit “Open” connector to the RF out port.

3. Select the

Open/Start

screen menu.

 When the

Open/Start

screen menu is selected, a

progress bar is displayed to show the progress.

 When a progress bar is disappeared, Open calibration

is finished.

4. Connect a Short standard.

Connect CAL Kit “Short” connector to the RF out port.

5. Select the

Short/Start

screen menu.

 When the

Short/Start

screen menu is selected, a

progress bar is displayed to show the progress.

 When a progress bar is disappeared, Short calibration

is finished.

6. Connect the Load standard.

Connect CAL Kit “Load” connector to the RF out port.

7. Select the

Load/Start

screen

menu.

 When the

Load/Start

screen menu is selected, a

progress bar is displayed to show the progress.

 When a progress bar is disappeared, Load calibration is

finished.

Calibration state is changed to “Cal On” after the Open-Short-Load calibration.

To compensate errors caused by a port extension cable or adapters, perform Open-Short-Load calibration including the port extension cable.

Table 4.2 Calibration Procedure

4.1.4

VSWR Measurement

The instrument is ready to take VSWR measurement after completing the Open-Short-Load calibration using a port extension cable.

After calibration, do not change the connection of the port extension cable or the frequency setting. It can cause produce an error in the measurement. When the frequency setting is changed, a warning alarm will sound and the calibration state is changed to “Cal Off”. After changing the frequency setting, recalibrate the instrument using the OpenShort-Load standard.

The end of the port extension cable must be connected to the device (antenna or feed line) for VSWR measurement as shown in Figure 4.3. The result of the VSWR measurement is displayed on the screen in real time.

Figure 4.3 Connection for VSWR Measurement

The maximum allowable input level of the instrument is +25dBm. Do not connect the RF In port of the instrument directly to the output port of the system. An over power input degrades the performance of the instrument and may cause a malfunction of the instrument.

Do not connect the instrument to the antenna when there is a risk of lightning. Electric shock may cause a malfunction or damage the instrument.

4.1.4.1 Setting Trace Point

Adjust a trace point to change the resolution of the VSWR measurement. Changing the Trace Point doesn’t affect the calibration state.

4.1.4.2 Scale Adjustment

 Press Auto Scale key to optimize the Y scale and display the entire trace.  Press AMP key to set the maximum and minimum values on the Y scale

manually.

 Press Scale key to select the display unit of the Y scale.  Scale adjustment doesn’t affect the calibration state.

4.1.4.3 Using Markers

Depending on the draw type setting, four or six markers can be used simultaneously. The Y axis value on a current trace is displayed next to each marker on the screen, but the frequency information is not provided. Activate the marker table to see both, the level and frequency information when moving a marker to the specific frequency using the Marker Edit function.

Figure 4.4 Using Markers in VSWR Measurement Mode

4.1.4.4 Limit Line

By setting a limit line, users can easily check if a measurement exceeds the specified limit. It appears as a horizontal line at the value set. An alarm sounds when a trace exceeds the limit line and the exceeded portion is displayed in red color.

Figure 4.5 Limit Line Application

4.2 DTF

While VSWR is an indicator to express the efficiency of the antenna’s energy

transmission, DTF is a measurement to identify the fault locations in the antenna line system. Most of the antenna line system consists of the various types of coaxial cables, connectors and devices such as dividers and surge arrestors. Since VSWR is a measurement to verify the impedance discontinuity of the total feed line system, it is necessary to perform DTF measurement to identify the exact component that is contributing to the performance of the line system. The DTF measurement makes it easy to identify the fault location by displaying the relative distance of the signal reflections or discontinuities from various points of the line system

4.2.1

DTF Display Description

The screen shown in Figure 4.6 is displayed when DTF measurement mode is selected. The distance from the instrument is shown on the X-axis, while

the relative magnitude of the discontinuity is shown on the Y-axis. The information related to the DTF measurement is shown on the screen.

Figure 4.6 DTF Measurement Screen

 Limit Line & Limit Level Info: Sets the upper limit value of a trace.

The portion of the trace that exceeds the limit line is displayed in red color. However, the captured trace by using TRACE function

doesn’t discriminate the color even if the trace exceeds the limit

line.

 Calibration Info: Displays a calibration state on the measurement

frequency band that a user has selected. When the instrument is first turned on, the state is “Cal Off”. The symbol “Cal On” is displayed along with the execution time and frequency band after the calibration is successfully completed.

 Maximum Distance: Displays the maximum measurable distance

within the user setting frequency band. Setting the frequency band narrow will increase the measurable distance while setting the frequency band wide will decrease the distance.

 Y Scale Unit: Is the measurement unit of the Y-axis that the trace

is displayed.

 Return Loss (dB)  VSWR

 Freq. Span: Is the user-defined frequency band. Changing the

frequency band doesn’t affect the sweep time, but affects the calibration. Recalibration is required if the frequency setting is changed.

 Freq. Band Info: The band name is displayed if the band is selected

from the band list stored in the instrument. If the user sets the start, stop, center or span frequency manually, the band name will show “Custom”.

 Cable Info: The name of user selected cable is displayed on the

screen. A cable name is displayed if the cable is selected from a Cable List stored in the instrument. If the user sets the Velocity and Cable Loss manually, the band name will show “Custom”. The following information is also displayed.  Rel. Propa. Vel.: The relative propagation velocity for the

cable type selected by the user selected from the Cable List or manually set by selecting the Velocity key.

 Nominal Atten.: The loss per unit distance for the cable type

that the user selected from the Cable List or set manually by selecting the Cable Loss key

By using the application program supplied with the

instrument, users can store user’s cable to the instrument. For

details, refer to the Application Program.

4.2.2

DTF Setup

Set the conditions for DTF measurements. The user setting parameters for DTF measurements are the following:

 Frequency Setting: Sets the start and stop frequency to make a

measurement. If a specific frequency band has been set in VSWR measurement mode, it can be applied to DTF measurement. To change the maximum measurement distance or increase the

Action

Note

Frequency Setting.

Press the Freq/Dist key.

 Select the

Start Freq

screen menu. {Enter start frequency value} Press the Enter key.

 Additional calibration is

not necessary if a Freq Band has been set and a calibration has been

measurement resolution, is necessary to change the frequency setting.

 Distance Setting: The maximum measurable distance is displayed

on the left side of the screen depending on the frequency setting. Any value within the maximum measurable distance can be set. Optimum resolution is achieved when the user setting distance is the same as the maximum measurable distance.

 Cable Setting: Selects a cable type of the feed line. By using this

key, users can select the cable stored in the instrument without setting the detailed parameters of the cable.

 Setup: Used to change the setting of the cable parameters or

change the distance unit. It consists of the following sub menus:  Velocity: Sets the relative propagation delay of a cable. It

affects the calculation of the distance in the DTF measurement.

 Cable Loss: Sets the loss per distance unit of a cable. It affects

the peak level of the discontinuity in the DTF measurement.

After calibration, do not change the connection of the port extension

cable or the frequency setting. It can cause a

frequency setting, recalibrate

A detailed procedure for DTF setup is as follows:

measurement error. When the frequency setting is

changed, a warning alarm will sound and the calibration

state is changed to “Cal Off”. After changing the

the instrument using the Open-Short-Load standard.

 Select the

Stop Freq

screen menu. {Enter stop frequency value} Press the Enter key.

performed for the band in VSWR measurement, and the same Freq. band is used in the DTF measurement.

Distance Setting.

Select the

Distance

screen menu.

 {Enter measuring distance}  Press the Enter key.

 The ending point can

only be set in distance setting.

 The maximum

measurable distance is 1,250m (4,125ft).

Cable Setting.

Select the

Cable List

screen menu.

 [Standard]/[Custom]

{Select a cable by using Knob or arrow key}

 Press the Enter key.

Setup.

Setting Relative Propagation Velocity.

 Select the

Velocity

screen menu.

 {Enter user setting value}  Press the Enter key.

Setting Cable Loss.

 Select the

Cable Loss

screen menu.

 {Enter user setting value}  Press the Enter key.

Setting the X axis Unit.

 [Meter]/[Feet]

4.2.3

Calibration

The instrument must be calibrated to get the DTF measurement results compatible with VSWR

Table 4.3 DTF Setup Procedure

 Calibration accessories (optional)

 Calibration Kit which contains one 50ohm load, one Open

standard and one Short standard

 Test cable: Use a phase stable cable for reliable and consistent

measurement results

To minimize measurement errors, connect the port extension cable

to the RF In port on the instrument and then connect the Cal Kit to

the end of the extension cable.

The Figure 4.7 shows the connection diagram for calibration using a test cable. To compensate measurement errors due to the test cable or adapters, perform the Open-Short-Load (O-S-L) calibration including the test cable. For detailed calibration procedure, refer to Table 4.2 Calibration Procedure

Figure 4.7 DTF Calibration Connection Diagram

The maximum allowable input level of the instrument is +25dBm. Do not connect the RF In port directly to the system output port. Exposure to the overpowered input may degrade the performance of the instrument and may cause damage in the long run.

Do not connect the instrument to the antenna when there is a risk of lightning. Electric shock may cause the malfunction or breakdown of the instrument.

Bending or moving the phase unstable cable while making a measurement may cause errors in the measurement. The test cable used for port extension must be phase stable in the

measurement frequencies.

At the successful completion of each calibration step, a message is displayed with a beep sound.

4.2.4

DTF Measurement

If a port extension cable is used to interconnect the instrument with the line, measurement error can happen due to the sum of the port extension cable length and the distance to the fault. By performing the O-S-L calibration at the end of the port extension cable, the extension cable length will be compensated and the fault location can be more accurately measurable.

If O-S-L calibration has been done at the end of the port extension cable for DTF measurement, the length of the port extension cable is compensated automatically and is not included in the distance to the point of discontinuity.

Figure 4.8 Connection Diagram for DTF Measurement

4.2.4.1 Scale Adjustment

Adjust a trace point to change the resolution of the VSWR measurement. Changing the Trace Point doesn’t affect the calibration state.

 Press the Auto Scale key to optimize the Y scale and display an

entire trace.

 Press the AMP key to set the maximum and minimum values on

the Y scale manually.

 Press the Scale key to select a display unit of the Y scale.

4.2.4.2 Using Markers

Depending on the display settings, four or six markers can be used simultaneously. The distance of a current marker position is displayed next to each marker on the screen. Activate the marker table to see both the magnitude and distance information. Use Marker Edit to move a marker to the specific distance.

Adjust a trace point to change the resolution of the VSWR measurement. Changing the Trace Point doesn’t affect the calibration state.

Figure 4.9 Using Markers in DTF Measurement Mode

4.2.4.3 Windowing

Windowing is applied when an accurate fault location cannot be verified due to the side overshoots of the trace. If the video filter is activated by turning the Window On, side overshoots of the trace are reduced by

smoothing out the sharp transitions thereby enabling users easy to discriminate noises and peaks. Figure 4.11 is the result of applying Blackman window to the trace on Figure 4.10. Noises around peaks are reduced and distance to the fault location is clearly verified.

Figure 4.10 Measurement Display Rectangular Windowing

Figure 4.11 Measurement Display Blackman Windowing

4.3 Cable Loss

The cable loss measurement feature checks the signal attenuation level of the cable system. The frequency band to measure the characteristics of a cable must be calibrated before performing the cable loss measurement.

4.3.1

Cable Loss Display Description

The screen shown in Figure 4.12 is displayed when the Cable Loss measurement mode is selected. Various kinds of information related to the Cable Loss measurement are shown on the screen.

Figure 4.12 Cable Loss Measurement Screen Display

 Calibration Info: Displays the calibration state of the measurement

frequency band that a user has selected. When the instrument is first turned on, the status is “Cal Off”. The symbol “Cal On” is displayed along with the calibration time and frequency band after successful completion of calibration.

 Trace Point: Sets the data points or resolution to measure the trace.

Action

Note

Setting Center Freq and Span.

1. Press the Freq/Dist key.

Multi key.

2. Select the

Center Freq

screen menu.

 Current setting is displayed as

default on the screen.

3. Enter a center frequency value.

4. Press the Enter key.

5. Select the

Span

screen menu.

6. Enter a span value.

7. Press the Enter key.

Setting Start/ Stop Frequency.

1. Press the Freq/Dist key.

 Current setting is cleared when a

new value is entered.

 Press the ESC key to delete a

number displayed on the pop-up

2. Select the

Start Freq

screen menu.

3. Enter a start frequency value.

4. Press the Enter key.

Selection is made from one of five choices.

 126, 251, 501, 1001, 2001

 Trace Average: Indicates the average value of a single sweep over

the user setting frequency band.

 Freq. Span: User-defined frequency band. Changing the frequency

band doesn’t affect the sweep time, but affects the calibration. Recalibration is required if the frequency setting is changed.

 Freq. Band Info: The band name is displayed if the band is selected

from the band list registered in the instrument. If the user sets the start, stop, center or span frequency manually, the band name will indicate “Custom”

 Y scale unit: The unit of the y axis in the Cable Loss measurement

mode is dB.

4.3.2

Setting Frequency

The user must set the frequency band to make a Cable Loss measurement. Frequency can be set manually or chosen from a band list registered in the instrument.

5. Select the

Stop Freq

screen menu.

window one by one.

 Pressing the ESC repeatedly will

cancel the input mode.

 Input unit is MHz and minimum

input step is 0.01MHz.

6. Enter a stop frequency value.

7. Press the Enter key.

Selection from the band list stored in the instrument.

1. Press the Freq/Dist key.

 Select the

Page Up/Page Down

screen menu for searching the band that doesn’t show up on the current page.

2. Select the

Band List

screen menu.

3. Select the band from the list and press the Enter key.

Table 4.4 Frequency Setting Procedure

Changing the frequency settings will automatically turn calibration off with the symbol “Cal Off” to be displayed on the screen along with an alarm sound. In this case,

recalibrate the instrument with the Open-Short-Load Calibration kit.

4.3.3

Calibration

The instrument must be calibrated to get reliable Cable Loss measurement results. For best results, set the frequency and calibrate the instrument immediately before taking measurements.

 Calibration accessories (optional)

 Calibration Kit which contains one 50ohm load, one Open

standard and one Short standard

To minimize the measurement error in Cable Loss measurement, don’t

use unnecessary extension cables or adapters while performing calibration. Figure 4.13 illustrates the recommended calibration method for Cable Loss measurement.

Action

Note

Performs Calibration after the frequency setting.

1. Press the CAL key.

Hard function key.

2. Connect an Open standard.

Connect CAL Kit “Open” connector to the RF out port.

3. Select the

Open/Start

screen

menu.

 When the

Open/Start

screen menu is selected, a

progress bar is displayed to show the progress.

 When a progress bar is disappeared, Open

calibration is finished.

4. Connect a Short standard.

Connect CAL Kit “Short” connector to the RF out port.

5. Select the

Short/Start

screen

menu.

 When the

Short/Start

screen menu is selected, a

progress bar is displayed to show the progress.

 When a progress bar is disappeared, Short

calibration is finished.

Figure 4.13 Port Calibration for One Port Cable Loss Measurement

6. Connect the Load standard.

Connect CAL Kit “Load” connector to the RF out port.

7. Select the

Load/Start

screen

menu.

 When the

Load/Start

screen menu is selected, a

progress bar is displayed to show the progress.

 When a progress bar is disappeared, Load

calibration is finished.

Calibration state is changed to “Cal On” after the Open-Short-Load calibration.

Table 4.5 Calibration Procedure

4.3.4

Cable Loss Measurement

The instrument is ready to perform Cable Loss measurement after completion of Open-Short-Load calibration.

Figure 4.14 One Port Cable Loss Measurement Connection Diagram

The instrument must be calibrated to get reliable Cable Loss measurement results. For best results, set the frequency and calibrate the instrument immediately before taking measurements.

Action

Note

Make a measurement after completion of O-S-L calibration.

1. Connect the cable to measure its loss to the RF out port of the instrument.

2. Connect the Short standard of the Cal Kit to the end of the cable to be tested

Cable Loss measurement result is displayed on the screen.

Table 4.6 Cable Loss Measurement Procedure

4.3.4.1 Scale Adjustment

 Press the Auto Scale key to optimize the Y scale and display an

entire trace.

 Press the AMP key to set the maximum and minimum values on

the Y scale manually.

 Press the Scale key to select a display unit of the Y scale.

4.3.4.2 Using Markers

Depending on the draw type setting, four or six markers can be used simultaneously. The level of a current trace is displayed next to each marker on the screen, but the frequency information is not provided. Activate a marker table to see both level and frequency information when moving a marker to the specific frequency using the Marker Edit.

Figure 4.15 Using Markers in Cable Loss Measurement Mode

4.4 Power Meter

The Power Meter is to measure the transmission power of the system. This function can be used only with optional external power sensors. Two kinds of power sensors, the average power sensor and peak power sensor, are available depending on the type of transmission power signals to be measured.

4.4.1 Connecting Sensors

Selecting the Power Meter function after power up will display Power Meter measurement screen with the message that “Please, connect external power sensor and press Initialize menu key” is connected.

Figure 4.16 Power Measurement Screen

Connect a power sensor to the USB interface port of the instrument using the provided cable as Figure 4.17. Do not connect a power sensor directly to the LPA or HPA.

Figure 4.17 Power Sensor Connection Diagram

After connecting a power sensor, select the the instrument to recognize the sensor. After successful recognition of the

Initialize

screen menu key for

power sensor, the sensor type is displayed on the screen as in Figure 4.18. Since no power source is connected to the sensor yet, an alarm message “-

- - -” is displayed on the screen

Figure 4.18 Power Sensor Initial Screen

No sensor type is displayed on the screen if the instrument fails to recognize a sensor type during the initialization process.

4.4.2 Setting Power Meter

All the keys used to set the power measurement are displayed as screen menu keys on the screen.

Initialize

calibration data from the sensor.

Frequency

the frequency setting affects the calibration data, be sure to set

the accurate center frequency for reliable measurement results.

: Initializes the power sensor and downloads the

: Sets the frequency of signals to measure. Note: As

Do not connect the power sensor directly to the output of the HPA. The power sensor will be damaged if output power greater than +10dBm is supplied directly.

Ext. Offset

or an amplifier is used before the power sensor. Note: As the

default setting is Loss, enter the level of Loss in positive value

when an attenuator is used and enter the level of gain in

negative value when an amplified is used.

Unit

units are selected as Watts, depending on the measured power

level, the units are altered as W(Watt), mW(milli Watt), or

uW(micro Watt) automatically.

Preset

: Enters the value of Gain or Loss when an attenuator

: Selects the measurement unit. Note: In the case where the

: Clears all user settings and returns to initial settings.

4.4.3 Power Measurement

After connection and initialization of a power sensor, connect the power sensor to the output port of the device

Figure 4.19 HPA (High Power Amplifier) Output Power Measurement

100

Protek A434L Operating Manual

Specifications and Main Features

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User Manual