Page 1
TV EXPLORER
HD
/
HDLE
EXPLORADOR UNIVERSAL DE TV
UNIVERSAL TV EXPLORER
EXPLORATEUR UNIVERSEL DE TV
- 0 MI1930 -
Page 2
USER’S MANUAL.
TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
English
T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S
1 GENERAL.................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Description .......................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Specifications .................................................................................................... 4
2 SAFETY RULES......................................................................................................11
2.1 General safety rules .......................................................................................... 11
2.2 Descriptive Examples of Over-Voltage Categories ........................................... 12
3 INSTALLATION ....................................................................................................... 13
3.1 Power Supply.................................................................................................... 13
3.1.1 Operation using the External DC Charger .................................................. 13
3.1.2 Operation using the Battery ........................................................................13
3.1.2.1 Battery Charging ............................................................................... 14
3.2 Installation and Start-up ....................................................................................14
4 QUICK USER GUIDE .............................................................................................. 15
5 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS................................................................................19
5.1 Description of the Controls and Elements......................................................... 19
5.2 Adjustment of Volume and Monitor Parameters................................................ 30
5.3 Selecting the Operation Mode: TV / Spectrum Analyser / Measurements........30
5.4 Channel Tuning / Frequency Tuning................................................................. 31
5.5 Automatic Transmission Search........................................................................31
5.6 Selecting the measurement configuration: Analogue/ Digital signal .................31
5.7 External Units Power Supply.............................................................................32
5.8 Automatic signal identification function (AUTO ID) ........................................... 33
5.9 Channel plans ...................................................................................................34
5.10 Acquisition function (DATALOGGER)............................................................... 36
5.11 Verification of distribution networks................................................................... 39
5.12 Spectrum exploration function (EXPLORER).................................................... 41
5.13 Measurements configuration.............................................................................42
5.13.1 DVB-C (QAM) Digital Channel Configuration ............................................. 43
5.13.2 DVB-T/H (COFDM) Digital Channel Configuration ..................................... 44
5.13.3 DVB-S/S2 (QPSK/8PSK) Digital Channel Configuration ............................ 45
5.14 Selecting the Measurements............................................................................. 48
5.14.1 Analogue TV: Measuring the Video Carrier Level....................................... 49
5.14.2 Analogue TV: Measuring the Video / Audio ratio (V/A)...............................51
5.14.3 Analogue TV: Measuring the FM deviation................................................. 51
5.14.4 Analogue FM: Measuring the Level and demodulating signal ....................52
5.14.5 Analogue/Digital TV: Measuring the Carrier / Noise ratio (C/N).................. 52
5.14.6 Digital TV: Measuring the Power of Digital Channels ................................. 54
5.14.7 Digital TV: Measuring BER .........................................................................55
5.14.7.1 DVB-C signals................................................................................... 56
5.14.7.2 DVB-T/H signals ............................................................................... 57
5.14.7.3 DVB-S/S2 signals ............................................................................. 59
5.14.8 Digital TV: Measuring MER.........................................................................62
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USER’S MANUAL.
TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
5.15 Constellation Diagram.......................................................................................63
5.15.1 DVB-T/H (COFDM) signal...........................................................................64
5.15.1.1 Zoom, scroll and erasing functions ................................................... 65
5.15.2 DVB-C (QAM) signal...................................................................................65
5.15.3 DVB-S/S2 (QPSK/8PSK) signal..................................................................66
5.16 Spectrum Analyser............................................................................................68
5.16.1 Markers ....................................................................................................... 69
5.16.2 Spectrogram. ..............................................................................................70
5.16.2.1 Spectrogram Configuration............................................................... 72
5.16.2.2 Recall a Spectrogram file.................................................................. 73
5.16.2.3 Delete a Spectrogram file ................................................................. 74
5.17 MER by carrier (COFDM)..................................................................................74
5.17.1 Graph of MER by carrier (COFDM) ............................................................ 74
5.17.2 Merogram.................................................................................................... 75
5.17.2.1 Merogram Configuration ................................................................... 77
5.17.2.2 Recall a Merogram file...................................................................... 79
5.17.2.3 Delete a Merogram file...................................................................... 79
5.18 ECHOES Analyzer (COFDM)............................................................................ 79
5.19 Screen capture..................................................................................................84
5.19.1 Recall screen .............................................................................................. 84
5.19.2 Delete capture............................................................................................. 85
5.20 PRINT SCREEN function..................................................................................85
5.21 VIEWPRINT SCREEN Function........................................................................ 86
5.22 USB On-the-Go Function ..................................................................................86
5.22.1 Connection of TV EXPLORER
HD
/
HDLE(host) to a USB flashdrive (slave).............86
5.22.2 Connecting a computer (host) to the TV EXPLORER
HD / HDLE (slave) ...88
5.23 Setting the TS-ASI Input-Output........................................................................89
5.24 TV Operating Mode...........................................................................................91
5.24.1 Recording and playing video streams......................................................... 95
5.25 Antenna Alignment Function ............................................................................. 96
5.26 DiSEqC Command Generator........................................................................... 97
5.27 SATCR function.................................................................................................99
5.28 Using the alphanumeric keyboard................................................................... 100
6 DESCRIPTION OF THE INPUTS AND OUTPUTS............................................... 101
6.1 RF input........................................................................................................... 101
6.2 TS-ASI Input / Output .....................................................................................101
6.3 USB port.......................................................................................................... 101
6.4 HDMI Conector (High-Definition Multimedia-Interface)...................................101
6.5 Scart (DIN EN 50049) .....................................................................................102
6.6 Connector for CAM modules and SMART-CARD. ............................................... 103
7 MAINTENANCE..................................................................................................... 105
7.1 Considerations about the Screen.................................................................... 105
7.2 Cleaning Recommendations...........................................................................105
Page 4
USER’S MANUAL.
TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
UNIVERSAL TV EXPLORER
TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
1
1 GENERAL
1.1 Description
The television explorer
TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
represents an evolutionary step
with respect to the traditional field strength meters. This new jewel of the
PROMAX
range will become a reference in the industry for being the very first meter of its kind to
actually meet the requirements to be called a real
HDTV
instrument. The continuous
PROMAX
innovation process in the sector of field strength meter yields an instrument
that changes the way to take and understand television signals measurements.
This equipment incorporates important advances in the
functionalaspects as
well as in the
ergonomics
to allow the installers to make their work with maximum
comfort
and
speed.
Simultaneously the instrument is
reliable
for any possible problem
at the
input signal
, at the
distribution components
or the
receiver equipment
.
Millions of people in Europe are now served with digital TV broadcasting only.
Analogue switch off is history for them. For these and those who still are in the migration
process from analogue to digital, the use of digital TV distribution equipment will be more
frequent every day. The typical high definition formats used in nowadays broadcast are
1080i (1920x1080 pixels) and 720p (1280x720 pixels). Most of the TV programmes
using these video resolutions are being broadcasted compressed in MPEG-4. The
TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
is able to display those TV programmes thanks to its state of
the art electronics.
HDTV
content is expensive to produce and therefore it is usually protected by
encryption. Once again the
TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
is setting new standards with its
CAM interface that allows the encrypted high definiton programmes to be displayed as
well.
English
TV EXPLORER
is a registered trademark PROMAX Electronica S. L.
1
Trademark of the DVB - Digital Video Broadcasting Project.
10/2012 Page 1
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USER’S MANUAL.
TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
The
TV EXPLORER HD has an
HDMI
connector (High-Definition Multi-media
Interface) which allows the use of standard, enhanced or high definition video, as well as
8 audio digital channels without compression. With no doubt, it will become the digital
replacement for analog standards such as the Euroconnector (SCART).
The
TV EXPLORER
HD
also has a
DVB-ASIstandard interface, which allows
both the input and output of transport streams. Automatically detects whether the stream
is composed by 188 or 204 bytes, and can transmit data in packet mode or burst mode.
You can select the input you want to decode between the external
ASI
and the internal
demodulator, and what data you want in the
ASI
output, either from the demodulator or
the
CAM
module. Therefore, to have
TS-ASI
inputs and outputs becomes an essential
feature for a TV analyzer ready for the future.
When pressing the
auto identification
key, it searches and identifies the
signal
under test.
First it recognises whether the signal is an analogue channel or a digital one.
If the channel is analogue, it determines the television standard of the signal. When the
signal is digital (
DVB
), it analyses for each modulation type
QAM
/
QPSK
/
8PSK
/
COFDM
all the associated parameters such as the modulation system:
carriers 2k-8k,
symbol rate, code rate
, etc. and determines the value of the signals under test.
The range of frequencies covered makes this instrument an excellent tool for
FM
radio,terrestrial TV,mobile TV,satellite TV
and
cable TV
(where the subband tuning
margin, from 5 to 45 MHz, enables the user to carry out tests on the return channel).
The
TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
includes the main
TV standards:M,N,B,G,I,D
,
K
and L, adopting, apart from the characteristic parameters of the standard, the
correcting automatic system to obtain in all the cases an accurate measuring of the input
signal level. It accepts any TV system (
PAL,SECAM
and
NTSC
) and allows the user to
work directly with
digital TV
signals decoding them, so that the television image may be
viewed, and directly measuring the power, carrier/noise ratio (
C/N
), the bit error rate
(
BER
) and the modulation error ratio (
MER
), as well for
DVB-T/H (COFDM)
as
DVB-S/S2 (QPSK/8PSK)
and
DVB-C (QAM)
signals. This instrument allows to obtain a
graphical representation of the
Constellation Diagram
for
DVB-C (QAM),DVB-T/H
(COFDM)
and
DVB-S/S2 (QPSK/8PSK) signals
.
Being a multistandard instrument, it can be efficiently used in any country of the
world.
Includes a
symbol-based keyboard
that allows the direct access to the various
functions that are displayed simultaneously on screen.
Not available for the Limited Edition(LE) Version.
Page 2 10/2012
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USER’S MANUAL.
TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
The
TV EXPLORER
HD / HDLEmakes a
dynamic exploration
of the spectrum,
detecting all the channels in the explored band, this applies for the
terrestrial
and the
satellite
television bands. The meter
locates
all the channels in the spectrum
with no
need
of any
previous information
about the number of channels, the type of signals
transmitted or their characteristics. With the data collected after each exploration, it
creates a register that contains
tables of channels
that can be independent for each
system or installation
. At any time, the measurement sessions using only the pretuned
channels can be repeated. In this way it is possible to optimise the measurement
process.
Shown on the frontal panel is the
type of measurement
that is being carried
(Terrestrial-Satellite/Analogue-Digital) and the data are presented on a hi-res 6.5" colour
graphic
TFT
transflective display with panoramic aspect ratio (16:9). The equipment
incorporates a light sensor that activates the contrast and luminosity of the display
according to the environmental conditions.
Furthermore the
TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
comes with a conector for
CAM
modules (PC-Card) that allows the insertion of subscriber conditional access cards.
The
TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
is an
ideal size
to hold
with a hand
. The
instrument can be held to the body with the carrying bag or transport belt, which at the
same time protects it from the rain. Because it is designed for outdoor use, it includes an
anti-shock
protector that completely covers the instrument, and is supplied with a strong
transport case. As well, the front panel does not have any keys nor gaps to avoid
accidental water ingress.
English
The
TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
is designed to integrate measurements that require
different operating configurations. In this way it incorporates a specific function to
facilitate the
alignment of antennas
. When activating the alignment function the
instrument is set automatically to offer a
fast
spectrum
sweep
and a high
sensitivity
graphical bar that allows
fine adjust
for the maximum signal. In addition it includes a
module for the
powering of LNBs
and
DVB-T antennas
to 5V, and the commands for
the
programming
of
DiSEqC 1.2
and
SatCR devices
.
The
TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
can be updated to new software versions that
extend the available functions in the future. That means it can incorporate new benefits
without additional cost. For example, in the
test
of
satellite signals distribution
networks
, using combined with an IF generator permits to carry out an easy verification
of the installations before commissionning.
The
spectrum analyser
features with high accuracy, resolution, sensitivity and
sweep speed allows the instrument to be very useful for applications as the
installation
of antennas
. It presents an innovative control system based on four arrows, that makes
the use of the spectrum analyser very intuitive. The arrows allow adjusting the
reference
level
by steps of 10 or 5 dB and the frequency margin
span
on screen.
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USER’S MANUAL.
TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
To enhance its convenience of use, it includes
memories
to store automatically
the different data acquisitions, i.e.: acquisition name, test points, frequency, channel
plan, etc. Moreover, the
DATALOGGER
function makes it much easier to test systems
in which a large number of measurements have to be made, and enables further
processing of all the information acquired using a computer system. The equipment is
able to generate automatic measurement reports and to update itself through Internet by
means of
PkTools
provided software.
The
TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
in addition, allows to record and play one service
from the TS of the digital channel that is being demodulated by an internal memory up to
1 GB.
Also, this meter incorporates a
DiSEqC
2
command generator and permits to
supply different voltages to the external unit (
5 V / 13 V / 15 V / 18 V / 24 V
) and includes
an
EUROCONNECTOR
, or Scart connector, for audio/video input/output.
The
TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
is powered by a
rechargeable battery
or
connected to the mains through the supplied
external DC power charger
.
It incorporates a “
USB On-the-go
“ port, which enables the communication with a
PC and to download dataloggers and channel plans.
This instrument due to its extreme-compact design, technical specifications and
low cost becomes the industry standard for the installer.
1.2 Specifications
CONFIGURATION FOR MEASURING LEVEL AND POWER
TUNING
Digital frequency synthesis. Continuous tuning from
5 to 1000 MHz and from 950 to 2150 MHz.
(Terrestrial and Satellital respectively).
Tuning modes
Chanel or frequency (IF or downlink at satellite
band).
Channel plan configurable on demand.
Resolution
5-1000 MHz: 50 kHz.
950-2150 MHz: < 200 kHz (span FULL-500-200-
100-50-32-16 MHz).
Automatic search (
Explorer
)
Threshold level selectable. DVB-T/H, DVB-C,
DVB-S and DVB-S2 selection.
2
DiSEqC
TM
is a trademark of EUTELSAT.
Page 4 10/2012
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USER’S MANUAL.
TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
Signal identification
Analogue and digital. Automatic.
RF INPUT
Impedance
75 :.
Connector
Universal, with BNC or F adapter.
Maximum signal
130 dBµV.
Maximum input voltage
DC to 100 Hz
50 Vrms (powered by the AL-103 power charger).
30 Vrms (not powered by the AL-103 power
charger).
5 MHz to 2150 MHz
130 dBµV.
DIGITAL SIGNALS MEASUREMENT
MARGIN OF POWER MEASUREMENT
COFDM:
45 dBµV to 100 dBµV.
QAM:
45 dBµV to 110 dBµV.
QPSK/8PSK:
44 dBµV to 114 dBµV.
English
MEASUREMENTS
DVB-T/H
3
(COFDM):
Power, CBER, VBER, MER, C/N and Noise margin.
Presentation:
Numeric and level bar.
DVB-C (QAM):
Power, BER, MER, C/N and Noise margin.
Presentation:
Numeric and level bar.
DVB-S (QPSK):
Power, CBER, VBER, MER, C/N and Noise margin.
Presentation:
Numeric and level bar.
DVB-S2 (QPSK/8PSK):
Power, CBER, LBER, MER, C/N, wrong packets and Link
Margin.
Presentation:
Numeric and level bar.
CONSTELLATION DIAGRAM
Type of signal
DVB-T/H, DVB-C, DVB-S and DVB-S2.
Presentation
I-Q graph.
DVB-H/T SIGNAL PARAMETERS
Carriers
2k / 4k/ 8k (Selected by the user).
Guard Interval
1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32 (Selected by the user).
Code Rate
1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8.
Modulation
QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM.
Spectral inversion
Selectable: ON, OFF.
3
The TV EXPLORER does not decode images from DVB-H channels.
If the DVB-H channel uses a type of interleaver “in-depth" then it will not show the measures CBER and VBER.
10/2012 Page 5
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USER’S MANUAL.
TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
ANALOGUE SIGNALS MEASUREMENT
LEVEL MEASUREMENT
Measurement range
Terrestrial TV & FM bands
10 dBµV to 130 dBµV (3.16 µV to 3.16 V).
Satellite TV band
30 dBµV to 130 dBµV (31.6 µV to 3.16 V).
Reading
Auto-range, reading is displayed on an OSD
window.
Numerical indication
Absolute value according to parameters.
Graphical indication
Analogue bar on the screen.
Measurement bandwidth
230 kHz (Terrestrial band) 4 MHz (Satellite band)
According to span
(maximum band ripple 1 dB).
Audible indicator
Pitch sound. A tone with pitch proportional to signal
strength (only when using Antenna Alignment
function).
Accuracy
Subband
± 1.5 dB (30-120 dBµV, 5-45 MHz) (22 qC ± 5 qC).
Terrestrial bands
± 1.5 dB (30-120 dBµV, 45-1000 MHz) (22 qC ± 5 qC).
Satellite band
± 2.5 dB (40-100 dBµV, 950-2050 MHz) (22qC ± 5 qC).
English
Overrange indication
<, >.
MEASUREMENTS MODE
Terrestrial bands
Analogue channels
Level, Video-Audio ratio, Carrier-Noise ratio and
frequency deviation.
Digital channels
Channel power, Carrier-Noise ratio and Channel
identification.
Satellite band
Analogue channels
Level and Carrier-Noise ratio.
Digital channels
Channel power and Carrier-Noise ratio.
DATALOGGER function
4
Automatic acquisition and storage of measurements.
Analogue channels
Level, C/N and V/A.
Digital channels
Frequency offset, MPEG-2 / MPEG-4 detection,
power, C/N, MER, CBER, VBER, LBER and noise
margin.
SAT IF TEST Function
5
IF distribution network response for satellite band.
ATTENUATION TEST Function
6
Signal distribution network response for terrestrial
band.
4
Using PkTools software application with a PC.
5
Function to be used with RP-250 or RP-050 IF signal simulator.
6
Function to be used with RP-250 or RP-080 pilot signals simulator.
10/2012 Page 7
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USER’S MANUAL.
TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
SPECTRUM ANALYSER MODE
Satellite band
30 dBµV to 130 dBµV (31.6 µV to 3.16 V).
Terrestrial bands
10 dBµV to 130 dBµV (3.16 µV to 3.16 V).
Measurement bandwidth
According to span.
Terrestrial
230 kHz, 1 MHz.
Satellite
4 MHz, 1 MHz.
Span
Terrestrial
Full span
(full band) - 500 - 200 - 100 - 50 - 32 - 16 -
8 MHz selectable.
Satellite
Full span
(full band) - 500 - 200 - 100 - 50 - 32 - 16
MHz selectable.
Markers
1 to indicate Frequency and level or C/N.
Vertical range
Adjustable by steps of 5 or 10 dB.
Measurements
Terrestrial bands
Analogue channels
Level.
Digital channels
Channel power.
Satellite band
Analogue channels
Level.
Digital channels
Channel power.
ECHOES ANALYSER MODE (DVB-T)
Measurement range
Delay
0.1 Ps to 224 Ps.
Distance
0.3 km to 67.2 km.
Power range
0 dBc to —30 dBc.
MONITOR DISPLAY
Monitor
TFT colour 6.5 inches. Transflective LCD.
Aspect ratio
16:9, 4:3.
Colour system
PAL, SECAM and NTSC.
TV standard
M, N, B, G, I, D, K and L.
Spectrum mode
Span, dynamic range and reference level are
variable by means of arrow cursors.
Sensibility
40 dBµV for a correct synchronism.
BASE BAND SIGNAL
VIDEO
Format
DVB: MPEG-2 (MP@HL).
MPEG-4 AVC H.264 (freeorscrambled).
Conditional access types
Common Interface
, by means of the user's CAM module.
External video input
Scart.
Sensibility
1 Vpp (75 :) positive video.
Video output
Scart (75:).
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USER’S MANUAL.
TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
SOUND
Input
Scart
Outputs
Built in speaker, Scart.
Demodulation
TV PAL, SECAM, NTSC system according to
DVB-T/H, DVB-C, DVB-S/S2 and MPEG standards.
De-emphasis
50 µs, 75 µs (NTSC).
Subcarrier
Digital frequency synthesis according to the TV
standard.
USB INTERFACE
“USB On-the-go” for datalogger and channel plans
transfer.
-
Mass Storage Host: The equipment can read /
write on Flash drives.
-
Serial Port Emulation.
-
USB CDC: (Communications Device Class).
DVB-ASI INTERFACE
Type
1 DVB-ASI input and 1 DVB-ASI output.
Connectors
Female BNC, impedance 75 :.
English
Packets
Transport Stream of 188 or 204 bytes (automatic
detection).
Transmission
Packet or burst mode.
EXTERNAL UNITS POWER
SUPPLY
Through the RF input connector.
Terrestrial and Satellite
External or 5/13/15/18/24 V.
22 kHz signal
Selectable in satellite band.
Voltage
0.65 V ± 0.25 V.
Frequency
22 kHz ± 4 kHz.
Maximum power
7
5 W.
DiSEqC
8
GENERATOR
According to DiSEqC 1.2 standard.
POWER SUPPLY
Internal
Batteries
7.2 V 12 Ah Li-Ion battery.
Autonomy
> 4.5 hours in continuous mode.
Recharging time
3 hours up to 80% (instrument off).
External
Voltage
12 V.
Consumption
40 W.
Auto power off
Programmable. After the selected amount of
minutes without operating on any control.
Deactivable.
Not available for the Limited Edition(LE) Versión.
7
If you select 5V, the maximum power shall not exceed 2.25 W (450 mA).
8
DiSEqCTM is a trademark of EUTELSAT
10/2012 Page 9
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USER’S MANUAL.
TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
OPERATING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
Altitude
Up to 2000 m.
Temperature range
From 5 to 40 qC (Automatic disconnection by excess
of temperature).
Max. relative humidity
80 % (up to 31qC),
decreasing lineally up to 50% at 40 qC.
MECHANICAL FEATURES
Dimensions
230 (W) x 161 (H) x 76 (D) mm.
(Total size: 2.814 cm
3
).
Weight
2.2 kg (without holster).
INCLUDED ACCESSORIES.
1x CB-077 Rechargeable Li+ battery 7,2 V 12 Ah.
1x AT-010 10 dB attenuator.
1x AD-055 "F"/H-BNC/H adapter.
1x AD-056 "F"/H-"DIN"/H adapter.
1x AD-057 "F"/H-"F"/H adapter.
1x AL-103 External DC charger.
1x DC-229 Transport suitcase.
1x DC-267 Carrying bag.
1x DC-289 Transport belt.
1x AA-103 Car lighter charger.
1x CC-041 Connection USB Cable On-the-go (A) Male — Mini USB (B) Male.
1x CC-045 USB Cable (A) Female — Mini USB (A) Male.
1x CA-005 Mains cord.
1x USB Memory.
OPTIONS
OP-009-T Digital Terrestrial Demodulator of Second Generation DVB-T2
(Set under request in the factory).
RECOMMENDATIONS ABOUT THE PACKING
It is recommended to keep all the packing material in order to return the
equipment, if necessary, to the Technical Service.
Page 10 10/2012
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USER’S MANUAL.
TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
2 SAFETY RULES
2.1 General safety rules
*
The safety could not be assured if the instructions for use are not closely
followed.
*
Use this equipment connected
only to systems with their negative of
measurement connected to ground potential
.
*
The
AL-103
external DC charger is a
Class I
equipment, for safety reasons plug it
to a supply line with the corresponding
ground terminal
.
*
This equipment can be used in
Overvoltage Category I
installations and
Pollution Degree 2
environments.
External DC charger can be used in
Overvoltage Category II
, installation and
Pollution Degree 1
environments
.
*
When using some of the following accessories
use only the specified ones
to
ensure safety.
Rechargeable battery
External DC charger
Car lighter charger cable
Power cord
English
*
Observe all
specified ratings
both of supply and measurement.
*
Remember that voltages higher than
70 V DC
or
33 V AC rms
are dangerous.
*
Use this instrument under the
specified environmental conditions
.
*
When using the power adaptor, the
negative of measurement
is at ground
potential.
*
Do not obstruct the ventilation system
of the instrument.
*
Use for the signal inputs/outputs, specially when working with high levels,
appropriate low radiation cables.
*
Follow the
cleaning instructions
described in the Maintenance paragraph.
10/2012 Page 11
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USER’S MANUAL.
TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
*
Symbols related with safety:
2.2 Descriptive Examples of Over-Voltage Categories
Cat I
Low voltage installations isolated from the mains
Cat II
Portable domestic installations
Cat III
Fixed domestic installations
Cat IV
Industrial installations
Page 12 10/2012
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USER’S MANUAL.
TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
3 INSTALLATION
3.1 Power Supply
The
TV EXPLORER
HD / HDLE is a portable instrument powered by one 7.2 V
Li-Ion battery. There is also an external DC charger provided for mains connection and
battery charging.
3.1.1 Operation using the External DC Charger
Connect the external DC charger to
EXT. SUPPLY
[32] on the
TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
side panel. Connect the DC charger to the mains. Then,
press the rotary selector
[1] for more than two seconds. The level meter is now in
operation and the battery is slowly charged. When the instrument is connected to the
mains, the
CHARGER
indicator [4] remains lit. This indicator changes of colour
according to the battery charge status:
English
BATTERY CHARGE STATUS
OFF ON
RED
< 50 % < 90 %
ORANGE
> 50 % > 90 %
GREEN
100 % 100 %
Table 1.-
Indication of the battery charge status (
CHARGER
).
3.1.2 Operation using the Battery
For the device to operate on the battery, disconnect the power cable and press the
rotary selector [1] for more than two seconds. The fully charged battery can power the
equipment for more than 4.5 hours non-stop.
If battery is very weak, the battery cut-off circuit will prevent the device from
functioning. In such a situation battery must be recharged immediately.
Before taking any measurements, you have to check the charge status of the
battery by checking the battery charge level indicator that appears when activating the
measurement mode pressing key
[12]. These are the indicators on screen:
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USER’S MANUAL.
TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
BATTERY CHARGE LEVEL INDICATORS
COLOUR SYMBOL CHARGE LEVEL
GREEN
75 % a 100 %
GREEN
30 % a 75 %
GREEN
10 % a 30 %
RED
0 % a 10 %
Empty battery.
Recharge in progress.
Table 2.-
Indication of the battery charge level on screen.
3.1.2.1 Battery Charging
To fully charge the battery, connect the instrument to the external DC charger
without activating
the power on process. The length of time it takes to recharge it
depends on the condition of the battery. When the instrument is in operation the
recharging process is slower. If they are very low the recharging period is about
5 hours. The
CHARGER
[4] indicator should remain lit.
When the battery charging process is completed with the instrument off, the fan
stops.
IMPORTANT
The instrument battery needs to be kept charged between 30% and 50% of its
capacity when not in use. The battery needs to be fully charged for best results. A
fully charged battery suffers temperature-related discharge. For example, at a room
temperature of 20 qC, it can lose up to 10% of its charge over 12 months.
3.2 Installation and Start-up
The
TV EXPLORER
HD / HDLElevel meter is designed for use as a portable
device. Therefore does not require installation
When the rotary selector
[1] is pressed for more than two seconds, the
instrument is started up in the
automatic power-off
mode; that is, the device is
automatically disconnected after the selected minutes if no key has been pressed. When
the device is operating, it is also possible to select the
auto power-off
mode by means
of the
Preferences
menu
[22] and to select the time out until the automatic power-
off.
When the equipment is going to be moved, activate the
Transport
mode by
means of the
Preferences
menu [22] to disable the power on process until one
specific key from main keyboard is pressed [8] as is it indicated on screen.
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TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
4 QUICK USER GUIDE
STEP 1.- Battery charging
1.
Connect the DC external charger to the equipment through connector [32] located on
the lateral panel.
2.
Connect the DC charger to the mains.
3.
When the equipment is connected to the mains, the
CHARGER
led [4] remains
lighted.
English
Figure 1.-
Battery charging
STEP 2.- Power on and signal connection
1.
Hold the rotary selector [1] pressed until the equipment is powered on.
2.
Connect the RF signal source in the input connector [30].
Figure 2.-
Power on and signal connection.
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TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
STEP 3.- To carry out a complete channel band exploration
1.
Select the frequency band to explore [14] (terrestrial or satellite).
2.
Activate the exploration process by holding [25] key pressed.
3.
Press [10] key to visualise the channels detected and right or left [6] to
change between channels from detected channels list.
STEP 4.- To carry out the tuned channel identification
1.
Select the frequency band to explore [14] (terrestrial or satellite).
2.
Activate the identification process pressing once on [25] key.
3.
Press [10] keyto visualise thesignal detected from channel or frequency
identified or [13] to monitor the corresponding spectrum.
NOTE:
In the case that is desired to explore or identify
DVB-C
signals it is
necessary to select previously
DVB-C
standard as digital signal identifier
through [22]
PREFERENCES
menu.
STEP 5.- Making measurements
1.
Select the channel orfrequency
[24] to measure by means of the rotary selector
[1].
2.
Press [12] key to select the type of measurement until on screen appears the
corresponding measurement.
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TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
STEP 6.- Frequency spectrum monitoring
1.
Select the frequency band to graph [14] (terrestrial or satellite).
2.
Press [13] key to activate the signal sweeping.
3.
Press [6]to modify the reference level in the vertical axis.
4.
Press [6] to modify span in the horizontal axis.
STEP 7.- Video signal monitoring
1.
Select the terrestrial frequency band [14].
2.
Tune the channel orfrequency
[24]that is desired to visualize on screen.
English
3.
Verify that the equipment receives an appropriate signal level [12].
4.
Press [10] keyto visualise the TV image, if the channel is digital press [6]
and place the cursor on the Service Identifier field and press the rotary selector
[1]to obtain the available list of services.
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USER’S MANUAL.
TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
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USER’S MANUAL.
TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
5 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
WARNING:
The following described functions could be modified based on software updates of
the equipment, carried out after manufacturing and the publication of this manual.
5.1 Description of the Controls and Elements
Front panel
English
Figure 3.-
Front panel.
[1] Rotary selector-button
. This has many different functions: Equipment power
on/off, tuning control, moving between the various on-screen menus and sub-
menus, and validation of the different options.
In order to
power on
the equipment, hold the rotary selector pressed for more
than two seconds until the presentation screen appears.
In order to
power off
the meter hold the rotary selector pressed.
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TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
Tuning purposes
: turning it clockwise frequency increases while turning it
anticlockwise frequency decreases.
To
move along the on-screen menus
: turning it clockwise active option moves
downwards while turning it anticlockwise active option moves upwards.
[2] EXT VIDEO. Video signal presence light indicator
It lights up when video on screen is coming through the
SCART
connector [35].
[3] DRAIN
External units power supply indicator. Lights up when the
TV EXPLORER
HD /
HD
LE
supplies a current to the external unit.
[4] CHARGER
External DC charger operation indicator. When batteries are installed the battery
charger is automatically activated.
[5] SENSOR
Sensor of environmental luminosity, allows automatic adjusts of the display
contrast and brightness contributing to the battery saving.
[6]
CURSORS
Allow adjust in the Spectrum Analyser mode of the
reference level
and the margin
of frequencies to represent (
span
). As well as the movement through the different
menus and submenus that appear in the monitor.
[7] MONITOR
[8] MAIN KEYBOARD
12 keys to select functions and entering alphanumeric data.
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USER’S MANUAL.
TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
Figure 4.-
Main keyboard
English
[10] TV KEY
It allows visualising the image of TV corresponding to the input signal as well as
data relative to the reception of the video signal. After pressing down for a second
it saves the current screen on memory.
Key number 1 to enter numeric data.
[11]
EXTERNAL UNITS POWER SUPPLY
Enables selecting the power supply to the external units. Available voltages are:
External, 5 V,13 V, 15 V,18 V
and
24 V
for the terrestrial band and
External, 5 V
,
13 V,15 V,18 V,13 V + 22 kHz
and
18 V + 22 kHz
for the satellite band.
Key number 2 to enter numeric data.
[12]
MEASUREMENTS
Enables the type of measurement to be selected. The types of measurements
available depend on the band, the standard and the operating mode.
Key number 3 to enter numeric data.
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TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
[13]
SPECTRUM/TV
Allows switching between any previous operating mode and the Spectrum
Analyser mode and viceversa.
Key number 4 to enter numeric data.
[14]
SATELLITE/TERRESTRIAL BAND
Allows switching between the Satellite or Terrestrial TV frequency band.
Key number 5 to enter numeric data.
[15] S
This led remains lighted when the equipment works with the frequencies and the
corresponding channels to the satellite band.
[16] T
This led remains lighted when the equipment works with the frequencies and the
corresponding channels to the terrestrial band.
[17]
MEASUREMENT CONFIGURATION
It allows the commutation between the measurement mode for Digital TV or
Analogue TV.
[18] D
This led remains lighted when the equipment works with digital signals.
[19] A
This led remains lighted when the equipment works with analogue signals.
[20]
IMAGE ADJUST
Activation of
VOLUME, CONTRAST, BRIGHT, SATURATION
and
HUE
(only for
NTSC colour system) control menus.
Key number 6 to enter numeric data.
[21]
DISEQC
(Only in satellite band). It allows adjusting configuration parameters in satellite
band.
Key number 7 to enter numeric data.
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HD / HD
LE
[22] UTILITIES / PREFERENCES
It activates the
Utilities
menu (
short pulsation
). This menu changes depending
on the type of signal detected at that time :
Equipment Info.
It displays information about the instrument:
Company’s Name: PROMAX ELECTRONICA;
Equipment Name: TV EXPLORER (...);
PN: Serial Product Number;
Software: Version number and date of the internal
software.
CF: Total memory space in the Compact Flash card.
User: Available memory for the user.
Save
(Only available from the spectrum analyser).
It allows the user to save the current spectrum on screen
on the instrument’s memory.
Constellation
Sets the constellation diagram graph for the digital signal
on tune.
MER by Carrier
(Only for digital terrestrial band).
It’s a graphical MER representation for each carrier from
a COFDM channel.
COFDM Echoes
(Only for terrestrial band).
Graphical representation of the channel answer and list
of echoes detected in the signal.
Attenuation Test
(Only terrestrial band).
Selects the function for testing signal distribution
networks in terrestrial band.
PVR RECORD
(Only when a video signal is available).
It saves a video clip of the tuned channel.
PVR STOP
(Only when a video signal is available).
It stops saving the video clip of the tuned channel.
PVR PLAY
(Only when a video signal is available).
It plays a video clip previously saved.
STOP PLAYING
(Only when a video signal is available).
It stops playing the video clip.
English
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TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
Sat IF Test
(Only satellite band).
Selects the function for testing signal distribution
networks in satellite band.
Run Datalogger
Function to automatically acquire measurements.
View Datalogger
Displays the available acquisition list.
Erase Dataloggers
Deletes an acquisition previously recorded. Users can
delete one by one or all of them by selecting the option
ALL
.
Save as:
Saves with a file name the capture screen in order to be
later processed.
Recall MER by carrier
(Only for digital terrestrial band).
Recall a MER by carrier graph stored in memory.
Recall Constell
(Only for digital signals).
Recall a constellation diagram stored in memory.
Recall Spectrum
Recall a signal spectrum previously stored.
Recall Spectrogram
Recall a Spectrogram graph stored in memory.
Recall Merogram
Recall a Merogram graph stored in memory.
Delete Capture
It allows deleting a captured screen by selecting it from
its folder (constell for constellations; mer for merograms;
sp for spectrum; other for the rest).
Viewprint Screen
It displays the screens that have been captured by the
print screen function.
Delete Print Screen
It allows deleting a selected print screen.
Delete Channel Set
(Only for the new channel plans made).
Delete the channel plan selected.
Delete Channels
Delete a channel from the active channel plan.
Insert Channels
Add a channel to the current channel plan from another
standard list of channels.
Exit
Exit from Utilities.
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TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
It activates the
Preferences
menu (long pulsation):
Language
Selects the language between DEUTSCH, ENGLISH,
ESPAÑOL, FRANÇAIS, ITALIANO, CATALÀ and
PORTUGUÊS.
Beep
Activates (ON) / deactivates (OFF) the beeper.
Skin
Sets the display skin. It is possible to add new types
through the USB port.
Light Sensor
It activates a light sensor to automatically adjust the
display contrast and brightness. Options are: High
contrast (with high luminosity), Low contrast (with low
luminosity) and AUTO.
Power measure
: It allows you to select between two options to measure
power: Integrated or Extrapolated. The
integrated
method performs a calculation based on the true RMS
value for any type of signal. The
extrapolated
method is
an approximation to a power value according to known
power values.
English
Ter. Identify
Selects the type of terrestrial digital signal, DVB-C or
DVB-T/H used by AUTO-ID and EXPLORER functions.
Analog. Identify
It enables (ON) / disables (OFF) the detection of
analogue signals.
Min. Ter. Power
Sets the minimum power for a terrestrial digital signal to
be identified.
Min. Ter. Level
Sets the minimum level for a terrestrial analogue signal
to be identified.
Min. Sat. Power
Sets the minimum power for a satellite digital signal to
be identified.
C/N
Defines the C/N measuring method between
Auto
or
Reference Noise
(
Manual
), used to determine the
frequency where noise level will be measured in the
spectrum analyser mode.
Identify Timeout
Sets the maximum time that the equipment will carry out
the identification of a channel unknown before going to
the next one.
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HD / HD
LE
Sat Band
(Only satellite band).
Selects the C-band or Ku/Ka-band for tuning satellite
signals.
Auto Power Off
When it is set to ON it activates the auto power off
function that forces shutdown after a time (defined in the
"Time Power Off" option) touching no key.
Time Power Off
Select the power off timeout from 1 to 120 minutes.
Terrestrial Units
Select the measurements units for terrestrial and cable:
dBPV, dBmV or dBm.
Satellite Units
Select the measurements units for satellite: dBPV, dBmV
or dBm.
Rotary Selector
Select the movement sense: CW (clockwise) or CCW
(counterclockwise).
Ref. level
It selects the most suitable range when accessing to the
spectrum analyser mode: MANUAL (defined by the user)
or AUTO (calculated by the instrument).
Transport Mode
It activates or it deactivates the automatic power off
function for transportation. So, it allows to prevent an
accidental start-up of the equipment.
Factory Reset
It recoveries the default settings (the ones the
equipment originally had). This option will remove all
acquisitions made by the user. Added channel plans are
kept.
Exit
Exit from preferences menu.
Key number 8 to enter numeric data.
[23]
ANTENNA ALIGNMENT
Tool for faster sweep antenna alignment at terrestrial and satellite bands. Displays
the measurements by means of a graph level bar.
Key number 9 to enter numeric data.
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HD / HD
LE
[24] TUNING BY CHANNEL OR FREQUENCY
Switches tuning mode between channel and frequency. In channel mode the
tuning frequency is defined by the active channels table (CCIR, ...).
Key number 0 to enter numeric data.
[25]
AUTO ID/ EXPLORER
x
Activates the
automatic identification
function (
short pulsation
):
The instrument will try to identify the signal under test.
First it recognises whether the signal is an analogue channel or a digital one.
If the channel is analogue, it determines the television standard of the signal
detected.
When the signal is digital, it analyses the modulation type:
QAM/QPSK
/
8PSK
/
COFDM
and all the associated parameters such as the
carriers 2k-8k
,
the
symbol rate
, the
code rate
, etc and it tries to lock to the signal.
In the spectrum analyser and measurements mode, it appears on screen the
name of the
network
and the
orbital position
(only in satellite band).
English
x
Activates the band
exploration
function (
long pulsation
):
The meter explores the entire frequency band to identify the analogue and
digital channels present.
30
Figure 5.-
Top panel view.
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TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
[30] RF RF signal input
Maximum level 130 dBµV. Universal connector for F/F or F/BNC adapter, with
input impedance of 75 :.
ATTENTION
Use the 10 dB attenuator (AT-010) to protect the RF [30] input whenever
the input signal level is greater than 130 dBPV (1 V) or when suspecting about
intermodulation problems.
This accessory allows DC voltages to pass when powering external units as
LNB and amplifiers.
10 dBATT
Figure 6.-
Connecting
external attenuatoronRF
input [30].
ATTENTION
Note the importance to protect the RF [30] input signal with an
accessory to block the AC voltages used in CATV cables (needed to feed the
amplifiers) and remote control.
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LE
Figure 7.-
Lateral panel elements.
[31] RESET button
Enables the user to restart the instrument if there is any irregularity when
operating.
[32] External 12 V power supply input
English
[33] Fan
[34] Loudspeaker
[35] SCART connector
[36] Transport belt hook
Figure 8.-
Rear panel view.
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TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
[38] CAM module extraction button
Press it to remove a
CAM
module inserted into the connection socket [38].
[39] HDMI
Connector(H
igh-Definition Multi-media Interface).
[40] USB Connector
It enables the communication with a PC, and to download dataloggers and
channel plans.
[41] CAM module connection socket
Enables the conditional access (desencryption) of encoded digital TV signals in
agreement with
DVB-CI (Common Interface
) recommendation.
[42] TS-ASI Output
.
[43] TS-ASI Input
.
5.2 Adjustment of Volume and Monitor Parameters
Repeatedly pressing the [20] key sequentially activates the
VOLUME
,
CONTRAST, BRIGHTNESS, SATURATION
and
HUE
control menus (this last only for
NTSC colour system). On activation of a menu for a specific parameter the screen
displays a horizontal bar whose length is proportional to the parameter level, to modify
this value simply turn the rotary selector
[1]. To exit the menu and validate the new
value press the rotary selector
[1].
5.3 Selecting the Operation Mode: TV / Spectrum Analyser /
Measurements
The
TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
has three basic operation modes: TV,
Spectrum
Analyser
and
Measurements
. To switch from TV operation mode to the Spectrum
Analyser press [13] key. To switch to the Measurements mode press [12] key.
In the
TV operation
mode the demodulated television signal is shown on-screen;
this is the default operation mode, various functions can be selected, as shown in the
following paragraphs.
In the
Spectrum Analyser
operation mode the screen displays the spectrum of
the active band (terrestrial or satellite). The
span
and the
reference level
.
Not available for the Limited Edition(LE) Version.
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HD / HD
LE
In the
Measurement
mode the screen shows the available measurements
according to the type of signal selected.
5.4 Channel Tuning / Frequency Tuning
Pressing [24] key the
EXPLORER
switches from frequency tuning to channel
tuning and back again.
In
channel tuning mode
turning the rotary selector
[1] sequentially tunes the
channels defined in the active channels table. When turning it clockwise frequency
increases while turning it anticlockwise frequency decreases.
In
frequency tuning mode
there are two ways of tuning:
1. Turning the rotary selector
[1].
Turning the rotary selector
[1] selects the desired frequency (tuning is
continuous from 5 to 1000 MHz and from 950 to 2150 MHz). When turning it
clockwise frequency increases while turning it anticlockwise frequency
decreases.
English
2. Using the keyboard
.
Press the rotary selector
[1] (the frequency listing will disappear and will
appear on the upper left corner of screen the keyboard symbol of manual data
entry
), next enter the frequency value in MHz using the numeric
keyboard. The
TV EXPLORER
HD / HDLEwill calculate the tuneable frequency
closest to the entered value and then display it on-screen.
5.5 Automatic Transmission Search
Holding pressed the [25] key search starts over the active channel plan. When
tuning a channel the instrument tryes to identify it and save it with the configuration. If
the identification is not possible the channel is removed from list. As a result obtains a
new channel plan that only contains the channels that have been identified.
5.6 Selecting the measurement configuration: Analogue/ Digital signal
Measuring the characteristics of a channel depends, in the first place, on the type
of modulation: analogue or digital.
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Use key
[17] to switch between analogue and digital channels. Press the
[17] key to show the
measurements CONFIGURATION
menu and select the
Signal
option by turning and pressing the rotary selector
[1]. The
Signal
option
allows setting the type of signal to measure. When switching to a new type, the
TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
activates the last measurement configuration used for that
type of signal.
5.7 External Units Power Supply
The
TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
can supply the voltage needed to power the
external units (antenna preamplifiers, in the case of terrestrial TV, LNB in the case of
satellite TV, or IF simulators).
In order to select the supply voltage of the external units, press
[11] key, and
the screen will display a functions menu labelled
EXT. SUPPLY
listing the choice of
voltages (which will depend on the band being used). Turn the rotary selector
[1] to
the desired voltage and press to activate it. The following table shows the choice of
supply voltages:
Band Powering voltages
SATELLITE
Output: Enabled / Disabled
External
5 V
13 V
15 V
18 V
24 V
13 V + 22 kHz
18 V + 22 kHz
TERRESTRIAL
MATV
(Master Antenna Television)
Output: Enabled / Disabled
External
5 V
13 V
15 V
18 V
24 V
Table 3.-
External units powering voltages.
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When the
OUTPUT
is enabled, the equipment puts at the output the voltage
selected by the user. When the
OUTPUT
is disabled it does not apply the voltage at the
output but it works like it was.
In the
External
power supply mode is the unit powering the amplifiers before the
antenna (terrestrial television) or the satellite TV receiver (house-hold or community)
also powers the external units.
The
DRAIN
[3] indicator lights when current is flowing to the external unit. If any
kind of problem occurs (e.g., a short circuit), an error message appears on the monitor
('SUPPLY SHORT'), the acoustic indicator will be heard and the instrument will cease to
supply power. The
TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
does not return to its normal operating
state until the problem has been solved, during this time it verifies every three seconds
the persistence of the problem warning with an acoustic signal.
5.8 Automatic signal identification function (AUTO ID)
The
TV EXPLORER
HD / HDLE allows automatically identifying TV signals,
according to the established configuration, which are presents in the channel or tuned
frequency. In order to activate this function must once press
[25] key. Specially
useful, is to combine this process with the spectrum monitoring
[13], so that after
locating the marker on the levels susceptible to contain a transmission, and activating
later the process of automatic identification in order to identify the present signal.
English
Figure 9.-
Signal automatic identification screen.
AUTO ID
.
First it recognises whether the signal is an analogue channel or a digital one. If the
channel is analogue, it determines the television standard of the signal. When the signal
is digital (
DVB
), it analyses for each modulation type
QAM
/
QPSK
/
8PSK
/
COFDM
all
the associated parameters such as the modulation system:
carriers 2k/4k/8k, symbol
rate, code rate
, etc.,. and determines the value of the signals under test.
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HD / HD
LE
If the
AUTO ID
function is launched in the spectrum analyser mode, the name of
the
network
will appear temporarily on screen (it also appears in the measurement
display). In case of working in the satellite band the
orbital position
appears as well.
While performing automatic identification may be the equipment keeps detecting
the
NETWORK ID
for a long time. During this process, the
CANCEL
button switches to
SKIP
, which allows bypassing the
NETWORK ID
without losing the other parameters of
the auto-detection.
Whenever the process detects new parameters for a channel or frequency will
create a new channel plan containing the detected information.
NOTE
:
The icon in the upper corner of a digital measurement screen states
that the signal level is higher than the minimum threshold (see the
PREFERENCES
menu) but demodulator cannot lock it maybe due to some
wrong configuration parameter.
In such case, the user must press
AUTO ID
[25] key.
NOTE
:
In the case that is desired to explore or identify
DVB-C
signals will be
necessary to select previously a
DVB-C
standard as digital signal identifier
by means of [22]
PREFERENCES
menu (
TER. IDENTIFY
option).
5.9 Channel plans
The signal automatic identification process as much as the exploration of the
frequency spectrum could yield the generation of new customised channel plans relative
to the usual work locations of the meter equipment.
In this way the characterisation of the band will be faster and easier when causing
that the equipment only analyses a shorter set of channels.
Whenever a new process of exploration is activated, the
TV EXPLORER
HD /
HD
LE
analyses all the present channels in the active channel plan, which acts as pattern
channel plan specified by means of the option
CHANNEL SET
from configuration
measurement menu:
CONFIGURATION
[17].
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HD / HD
LE
If during exploration or automatic identification process the
TV EXPLORER
HD /
HD
LE
detects new parameters for some channel or frequency a new list will be generated
with the information updated and will be saved with the name of the original channel plan
followed by the extension:
_0x
, where xit is the number of the consecutive channel plan
(see the following Figure).
English
Figure 10.-
New channel plan generation process.
Those channels that have not been identified during the exploration process are
removed from the new generated channel plan. The user can save this table in the
memory, modify its name and later use it by means of the
CONFIGURATION
[17]
menu.
Also can delete any channel list, or remove and add channels from another
standard list by means of the editing options offered by the
UTILITIES[22] menu.
Figure 11.-
Channel plans listing.
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Keep the
[24] key pressed in order to accede to the listing of channel plans
available in the instrument and later select the current channel plan by means of the
rotary selector
[1].
The
TV EXPLORER
HD / HDLE allows directly changing the tuned channel
pertaining to the active channel plan by means of the horizontal cursors [6] key.
From this way, once selected the channel-tuning field
[24] and in the
TV
[10]
and
MEASUREMENTS
[12] operation modes is possible to check cyclically the
entire active channel list.
NOTE
:
The icon in the upper corner of the screen indicates that the
equipment is carrying out an internal operation and user must wait to
complete it.
5.10 Acquisition function (Datalogger)
The
Datalogger
function allows the user to carry out and store measurements in a
fully automatic way. It can store for each acquisition the measurements made in different
points of the installation.The measurements made are relevant to the current analogue
or digital channel, in the active channel plan.
To select the
Datalogger
function, activate the
UTILITIES
[22] menu and
select the
RUN DATALOGGER
option. Later, by turning the rotary selector
[1]
select a previously stored acquisition (for instance, if you want to keep making
measurements on a different point test but in the same installation) or a
NEW
DATALOGGER
.
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Figure 12.- DATALOGGER
screen.
During analogue channel measuring process, a percentage counter appears at the
bottom of the screen showing the percentage of channel measurement done. In the case
of digital channels, appears a timer showing time left to finish in seconds. At the top left
corner appears the channel being measured followed by the total amount of channels in
the current channel plan.
English
In order to select a field on the datalogger screen (Test point and datalogger
name), press the arrow
[6] key and then edit it by pressing the rotary selector
[1].
After selecting the
START
field the instrument begins to carry out the available
measurements automatically. Once completed, the process will be ready to repeat again
(
START
) (for example, for a new test point), or view measured data by selecting the
channel and turning the rotary selector
[1], or store the information in memory
(
SAVE
) or exit from this acquisition (
EXIT
).
5.10.1 Datalogger for Attenuation and IF SAT tests
The
TV EXPLORER
HD / HDLE allows to make measurement acquisitions while
executing an Attenuation test at terrestrial band or an IF SAT test at satellite band (see
section “5.11 Verification of distribution networks”).
For it, one of these tests should be activated previously as the following figure
shows.
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Figure 13.- Attenuation Test
. Terrestrial band.
In order to make the automatic acquisition of these measurements, select it from
UTILITIES
menu by pressing the
[22] key, and activating the
RUN DATALOGGER
option, and later the
NEW DATALOGGER
option. In the
CHANNEL SET
field will
appear the type of test that the instrument is going to store automatically.
Figure 14.- Datalogger
screen for
Attenuation test
frequencies.
Once the
START
option is selected the instrument will capture all test values
corresponding to the three pilot frequencies in the active band. When measuring is
completed, it will offer the options to store data or to start a new acquisition.
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Figure 15.-
End of data acquisition.
NOTE:
The Attenuation Test is available for the TV terrestrial frequency band
and the
IF SAT
test is available for the TV Satellite frequency band.
To switch between these frequencies press the key
[14].
English
5.11 Verification of distribution networks
(SAT IF Test / Attenuation Test)
This application allows to verify easily the TCI features (Telecommunications
Common Infrastructures) before the antennas and head-end devices are operative. The
procedure allows to evaluate the frequency response of a whole TV signals distribution
network by means of two steps:
NOTE:
For this application the use of
PROMAX RP-050,RP-080,RP-110
or
RP-250
signal generators are required, for which they have been specially
designed. If you use a generator that emits not modulated carriers, this may
cause a slight uncalibration during the
SAT IF TEST
.
1.- CALIBRATION
Connect the generator directly to the
TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
using the
BNC-F
adapter.
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Power the signal generators of the
RP PROMAX
family through the
TV
EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
or an external power supply. To set the
External supply
function
(see section '5.7 External Units Power Supply') press the
[11] key, and the rotary
selector
[1] to set a voltage of 13 V.
Finally, select the
SAT IF TEST
application on
UTILITIES
[22] menu for SAT
band, or the
ATTENUATION TEST
for terrestrial band and connect the generator to the
point where the antenna will be connected (signal source).
Press the
[17] key to see on screen the measurement
CONFIGURATION
. By
means of the Threshold Attenuation option is possible to adjust the maximum difference
between the pilots reference level from 5 to 50 dBmV.
Later, by means of the horizontal cursors
[6] key, select the Calibrate function
(see the following figure). Wait for some seconds until the calibration process for three
pilots is completed:
MEASURING REF
. is indicated on screen while this process is in
progress.
Figure 16.- SAT IF
Test. Satellite band.
The calibration process must be carried out over the point of the installation which
is taken as reference, i.e. usually the headend. During this process is determined the
number of pilot frequencies to check, from one to three, in addition to the reference level
for pilots.
In order to determine the number of pilots, the equipment takes the higher found
level and verifies that the other pilots have a non lower level to the reference one plus
the defined threshold level. If the pilot agrees this condition it will show on screen.
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The user can also define the pilot frequencies:
From the calibration screen, press the key
[17] to show on screen the
CONFIGURATION
menu of the measure. The
PILOTS
function allows you to set pilot
signals manually. To do this, using the rotary selector
[1] select that function and
change it to
MANUAL
. You will see a menu where you can set the frequency of each of
the 3 pilot signals. If you want to return to the automatic generation of pilot signals,
change back
PILOTS
function to
AUTO
.
2.- MEASUREMENT OF THREE PILOTS THROUGHOUT THE NETWORK
Once
TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
has been calibrated, start to make level
measurements in the different distribution outlets using the
TV EXPLORER
HD /
HDLE. On the screen will appear the attenuation values for the three pilot frequencies
measured in the outlet plate (see the following figure).
English
Figure 17.-
Attenuation measurements in an outlet plate.
In order to finish measuring, press the rotary selector [1] and select the (
EXIT
)
option.
5.12 Spectrum exploration function (EXPLORER)
The
Exploration
function allows exploring the full frequency band in order to
identify the analogue channels and digital presents, in agreement with the configuration
set, over the active channel plan. In order to activate the function hold pressed the
[25] key until the
EXPLORER
screen appears.
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Figure 18.-
Spectrum exploration screen.
When the instrument completes the exploration, a new channel plan is generated
based on the active channel plan. This new channel plan contains only the channels that
have been identified and the rest are removed. The equipment offers the possibility of
saving in memory the channel plan generated to use later. If the new channel plan is not
saved it will remain active until the instrument is powered off or some other plan is
loaded.
NOTE:In the case that is desired to explore or identify
DVB-C
signals will be
necessary to select previously
DVB-C
standard as digital signal
identifier
by means of [22]
PREFERENCES
menu.
5.13 Measurements configuration
With the aim of taking the measurements of all types of signals some times could
be necessary that user enters parameters relative to particular characteristics of these
signals, whether an automatic detection has not been possible, or these parameters
differ from the standard corresponding ones.
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5.13.1 DVB-C (QAM) Digital Channel Configuration
Press the
Measurements Configuration
[17] key to access to the
CONFIGURATION
menu and turn the rotary selector
[1] until the
SIGNAL
option.
Select the signal
DVB-C
, which uses
QAM
modulation. Parameters related to
QAM
modulation are described below:
1)
Channel BW
(channel bandwidth)
Enables the channel bandwidth to be selected up to 9.2 MHz. The selection of this
parameter is essential for the correct operation of the tuner, as it affects the
frequency separation of the carriers. If you change the bandwidth the
Symbol
Rate
changes proportionally and vice versa.
2)
Spectral inversion
If necessary, activate the
Spectral inversion (On
). If the spectral inversion is not
correctly selected, reception will not be correct.
3)
Symbol Rate
When selecting this function and pressing the rotary selector [1] is possible to
choose the symbol rate. If you change the bandwidth the
Symbol Rate
changes
proportionally and vice versa.
English
4)
Modulation
It defines the modulation type. When selecting this function and turn the rotary
selector
[1] to choose one of the following modulations:16,32,64,
128
and
256
.
Figure 19.-
Screen of mesurement configuration (
QAM
signals).
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5.13.2 DVB-T/H (COFDM) Digital Channel Configuration
Press the
Measurements Configuration
[17] key to access to the
CONFIGURATION
menu and turn the rotary selector
[1] until the
SIGNAL
option.
Select the signal
DVB-T/H
, which uses
COFDM
modulation. Parameters related to
COFDM
modulation are described below:
1)
Channel BW
(channel bandwidth)
Enables the channel bandwidth to be selected between 6 MHz, 7 MHz and 8 MHz.
The selection of this parameter is essential for the correct operation of the tuner,
as it affects the frequency separation of the carriers.
2)
Guard Interval
The
Guard Interval
parameter corresponds to the dead time between symbols, its
purpose is to permit a correct detection in multi-path situations. This parameter is
defined according to the symbol length:
1/4,1/8,1/16,1/32
. To modify its value, by
turning the rotary selector
[1], place the marker over the
Guard Interval
field
and then press it : a menu with the available values will appear. Turning the rotary
selector
[1] select the desired value and finally press it to validate.
3)
Carriers
(Number of carriers)
It defines the number of modulation carriers between 2k,4k and 8k. To modify its
value, place the marker over the
Carriers
field by turning the rotary selector and
then press it: a menu will appear on the screen. Turning the rotary selector
[1]
select the desired value for the Carriers parameter and finally press it again to
validate.
4)
Spectral Inv.
(spectral inversion)
This option enables spectral inversion to be applied to the input signal, though in
the majority of cases it should be in the OFF position (not inversion).
This configuration menu shows, besides the user definable
COFDM
signal
parameters, the value of the rest of signal parameters detected automatically:
Code Rate
Also known as Viterbi ratio, defines the ratio between the data bits
number and the total number of bits transmitted (the difference
corresponds to the number of control bits for the error detection and
recovery).
Modulations
Carriers modulation. It also defines the system noise immunity.
(QPSK, 16-QAM and 64-QAM).
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Hierarchy
The
DVB-T/H
norm contemplates the possibility to make a
TDT
transmission with hierarchical levels, it is to say a simultaneous
transmission of the same program with different image qualities and
noise protection levels, in order the receiver can exchange to a
signal of smaller quality when the reception conditions are not
optimal.
Cell ID
Cell identifier. Shows the transmissor identification code.
English
Figure 20.-
Screen of mesurement configuration (
COFDM
signals).
5.13.3 DVB-S/S2 (QPSK/8PSK) Digital Channel Configuration
Press the
Measurements Configuration
[17] key to access to the
CONFIGURATION
menu and turn the rotary selector
[1] until the
SIGNAL
option.
Select the signal
DVB-S/S2
, which uses
QPSK/8PSK
modulation. Parameters related to
QPSK/8PSK
modulation are described below:
1)
Channel BW
(channel bandwidth)
Enables the channel bandwidth to be selected over a range from 1.3 MHz to
60.75 MHz. The selection of this parameter is essential for the correct operation of
the tuner, as it affects the frequency separation of the carriers. If you change the
bandwidth the
Symbol Rate
changes proportionally and vice versa.
2)
Spectral Inv
If necessary, activate the
Spectral inversion (On
). Reception will be bad if
spectral inversion has been incorrectly selected.
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3)
Code Rate
Also known as Viterbi ratio. It defines the ratio between the number of data bits
and actual transmission bits (the difference corresponds to the control bits for error
detection and correction). If you change the bandwidth the
Symbol Rate
changes
proportionally and vice versa.
In
DVB-S
it permits to choose between
1/2,2/3,3/4,5/6
and
7/8
. In
DVB-S2
it
permits to choose one of the following values:
1/4,1/3,2/5,1/2,3/5,2/3,3/4,4/5
,
5/6,8/9
y
9/10
.
4)
Symbol Rate
It is possible to choose over the following values: from
1000
to
45000
kbauds.
When selecting the option appears the current value, in order to modify it enter a
new value through keyboard when appears the data enter symbol appears on the
upper left corner screen.
When altering this parameter modifies automatically the value of the
Channel Bandwidth
and vice versa, due to the relation that exists between these
two parameters.
Figure 21.-
Mesurement configuration screen (
QPSK
signals).
5)
Modulations
(Only in DVB-S2)
Modulation used by carriers. It defines also the system noise immunity (QPSK and
8PSK).
6)
Polarization
It affects to the signal reception in the SAT band (satellite). It allows to select the
the signal polarisation among
Vertical/Right
(vertical and circular clockwise) and
Horizontal/ Left
(horizontal and circular counterclockwise) or, to deactivate the
polarization (
OFF
).
7)
Sat Band
Selects the High or Low frequency band for satellite channel tuning.
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8)
LNB Low Osc.
Sets the LNB low band local oscillator.
9)
LNB High Osc.
Sets the LNB high band local oscillator (up to 25 GHz).
10)
ISI Filtering and Stream Identifier
(only for DVB-S2)
This option is available when a DVB-S2 signal with multistream channels is locked.
In these type of channels, each TS is identified by its ISI (input stream identifier).
Then, on the configuration menu user has to enable the "ISI Filtering" option and
then specify in the "Stream Id" option the stream identifier in order to recover the
corresponding transport stream, service list and programmes data.
NOTE
: In the channel tuning mode the
Polarization
and
Sat Band
options cannot be
modified.
This configuration menu shows, besides the
QPSK/8PSK
signal parameters
selected by user, all the values automatically detected:
English
Roll Off
Nyquist filter roll-off factor.
Pilots
(Only in DVB-S2) Pilots detection in transmission.
IMPORTANT REMARK
DVB channels tuning may require an adjusting process. It is recommended to follow
next procedure:
1. From the
spectrum analyser
mode
[13],
tune the channel at its central
frequency.
2. Switch to
Measurements mode
[12]
, measurement selection.
3. If in the lower line of the screen does not appear
MPEG-2
message (and
consequently BER is unacceptable), by turning the rotary selector deviate the
tuning frequency until
MPEG-2
message appears. Finally tune channel again
to minimize the
frequency deviation which optimizes the BER
and therefore
minimize the BER.
If it is not possible to detect any MPEG-2 channel, make sure that digital signal
parameters are correctly defined.
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5.14 Selecting the Measurements
The types of measurements available depend on the operating band (terrestrial or
satellite) and the type of signals (analogue or digital).
Terrestrial band - Analogue channels:
Level
Level measurement of the currently tuned carrier.
Video / Audio
Video carrier to audio carrier ratio.
C/N
Ratio between the modulated signal power and the equivalent
noise power for a same bandwidth. (according to TV standard)
FM Deviation
Measure the frequency peak deviation for any modulated
analogue carrier in FM.
Terrestrial band - Digital channels (DVB-C
and
DVB-T/H)
:
Channel power
Channel power is measured assuming that power spectral
density is uniform throughout channel bandwidth.
To measure it correctly it is indispensable to define the
Channel BW
.
C/N
Out-channel measurement. Noise level is measured at
f
noise
=
f
tuning
r
½*Channel BW
. To measure it correctly digital channel
must be tuned at its central frequency.
MER
Modulation error ratio with noise margin indication.
CBER BER
measurement (Bit error rate) for the digital signal before
error correction (
BER before FEC
).
VBER BER
measurement (Bit error rate) for the digital signal after error
correction (
BER after Viterbi
).
Satellite band - Analogue channels
Level
Level measurement of the currently tuned carrier.
C/N
Ratio between the modulated signal power and the equivalent
noise power for a same bandwidth.
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Satellite band - Digital channels (DVB-S/S2)
:
Channel Power
Automatic method
.
C/N
Ratio between the modulated signal power and the equivalent
noise power for a same bandwidth.
MER
Modulation Error Ratio. Complementary measurement of the
Noise Margin for
DVB-S
and the Link Margin for
DVB-S2
.
CBER
The
BER
measurement (Bit error rate) for the digital signal
before error correction (
BER before FEC
).
VBER
(Only for DVB-S) The
BER
measurement (Bit error rate) for the
digital signal after error correction (
BER after Viterbi
).
LBER
(Only for DVB-S2) The
BER
measurement (Bit error rate) for the
digital signal after error correction (
BER after LDPC
).
In order to change the measurement highlighted, press the
[12] key. On the
monitor will appear cyclically all the measures available for the signal on tune.
English
5.14.1 Analogue TV: Measuring the Video Carrier Level
In the measurement mode of analogue signals, the
TV EXPLORER
HD / HDLE,
monitor can work as an analogue indicator of level representing the signal present in the
input.
In order to change the measurement mode press
[12] key, it will appear a
screen like the following one:
Figure 22.-
Analogue signal level measurement in terrestrial band.
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Turn the rotary selector [1] to change the tuning channel/frequency. Press the
[12] key to select the type of measurement to highlight on the monitor.
The available types of measurements are:
LEVEL
:
Level indication
on the upper part of the screen (analogue
bar).
C/N
:
Carrier/Noise
ratio measurement.
V/A
:
Video/Audio
ratio measurement.
FM Deviation
: Measure the frequency peak deviation for any modulated
analogue carrier in FM.
WARNING
When at the RF input appear an important number of carriers with a high level the tuning
circuit may become out of control, giving as a result wrong level measurements. To be
able to determinate the equivalent level of a carrier group (with similar levels) at the RF
input, it is possible to use the expression:
Lt=L + 10 log N
Lt: equivalent total level
L: average level of the carriers group
N: number of carriers
So, if there are ten carriers with a level around 90 dBµV, their equivalent level will be:
90 dBµV + 10 log 10 = 100 dBµV
Observe that in this case, loss of tuning by overload of the RF input may occur besides
other effects such as tuner saturation and generation of intermodulation products that
may mask the spectrum visualization.
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5.14.2 Analogue TV: Measuring the Video / Audio ratio (V/A)
In the
Audio/Video
measurement mode, on the screen appears the following
information:
Figure 23.-
Measurement of the video/audio ratio.
In addition to the video carrier / audio carrier level ratio (16.2 dB in previous figure)
it also shows the frequency or channel, depending on the tuning mode selected, and the
Carrier/Noise ratio.
English
5.14.3 Analogue TV: Measuring the FM deviation
The
TV EXPLORER
HD / HDLEmeasure the deviation in frequency of any
modulated analogue carrier in FM. This function allows visualising frequency peak
deviation for
FM
carrier signals.
Once this
DESV FM
measurement mode is activated will appear the following
information on screen:
Figure 24.- FM
carrier peak deviation.
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On the screen appears the deviation peaks in order to observe if they are within a
suitable range limit valid for both, the receiver and the transmitter in the transmittting
system.
5.14.4 Analogue FM: Measuring the Level and demodulating signal
Press the
Measurement Configuration
[17] key to accede to the
CONFIGURATION
menu and turn the rotary selector
[1] in order to select the
analogue FM signal.
In the
analogue FM
measurement mode, the
TV EXPLORER
HD /
HD
LE
display works like an analogue level indicator showing the signal level present in
the input.
Figure 25.-
FM analogue signal measurement.
The instrument also demodule the FM carrier (radio) and allows to listen sound
through the loudspeaker [33].
5.14.5 Analogue/Digital TV: Measuring the Carrier / Noise ratio (C/N).
The
TV EXPLORER
HD / HDLE carries out
C/N
ratio measurement in four different
ways, according to the carrier type and the used band:
A) Terrestrial band, analogue carrier
Carrier level is measured using a quasi-peak detector (230 kHz BW). Noise level is
measured with an average detector and corrected to refer it to channel equivalent
noise bandwidth (according to the definition of the selected standard).
B) Terrestrial band, digital carrier
Both measurements are done with an average detector (230 kHz) and the same
corrections are introduced on them (bandwidth corrections).
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C) Satellite band, analogue carrier
Carrier level is measured using a quasi-peak detector (4 MHz BW). Noise level is
measured with an average detector (230 kHz) and corrected to refer it to channel
bandwidth.
D) Satellite band, digital carrier
Equivalent to case B but now using the 4 MHz BW filter.
On selecting the
Carrier / Noise
measurement mode the screen displays the
following information:
English
Figure 26.-
Carrier-to-noise ratio measurement (
C/N
).
As well as the video carrier / noise level ratio (
C/N
) (41.0 dB in previous figure), the
frequency or channel (depending on the tuning mode selected) and the
level
of the
video
carrier
and
video/audio ratio
are also shown. When representing the spectrum by means
of pressing
[13] key, the NOISE cursor is automatically positioned to a side of the
carrier tuned. That is, the cursor will indicate the point where the value of the noise is
lower, whenever the C/N(AUTO) option is selected from the
PREFERENCES
[22]
menu. If the C/N(MANUAL) option has been activated the frequency where noise level
will be measured will correspond to the position of the vertical discontinuous green-
coloured cursor that appears in the spectrum graph
[13].
In order to modify this frequency, press the
measurement configuration
[17] key, to accede to the
CONFIGURATION
menu. By turning the rotary selector
[1], locate the NOISE cursor on the position of the marker using
NOISE FREQ. TO
MARKER
option (see section “
5.16.1 Markers
”) or directly enter the value of the new
noise frequency by means of
NOISE FREQ
option.
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Figure 27
.- NOISE cursor.
C/N
(MANUAL).
When measuring channels in the satellite band or digital channels, to measure the
C/N ratio correctly, the bandwidth of the channel must be defined previously, using the
Channel BW
option on the
Measurements Configuration
menu that appears when
pressing the
[17] key.
IMPORTANT REMARK
In order to measure digital channel C/N ratio it is indispensable to tune channel at
its central frequency.
In the case of the presence of adjacent digital channels, these could mask the noise
level measurement.
5.14.6 Digital TV: Measuring the Power of Digital Channels
The
TV EXPLORER
HD / HDLE allows choosing between two measuring methods.
The
extrapolated
method makes an approximation to a specific power value according
to some known power values, so that it measures channel power in the bandwidth of the
measuring filter and estimates the total channel power assuming that the spectrum
density is uniform over the entire bandwidth of the channel. The
integrated
method
gives the true
RMS value
for any signal.
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On selecting the
CHANNEL POWER
measurement mode, the screen displays the
following information:
Figure 28.-
Digital channel power measurement.
In addition to the power of the digital channel (77.4 dBµV in previous figure) this
also shows the tuning frequency or channel, depending on the tuning mode selected,
and the offset frequency to calculate the digital channel power and the deviation
frequency of the central tuning calculated by the demodulator, measurement that
indicates the adjustment in the channel tuning.
English
For the power measurement of a digital channel to be correct it is essential to have
previously defined the channel bandwidth using the
Channel BW
option, in the
Measurements Configuration
menu that appears when pressing
[17] key.
5.14.7 Digital TV: Measuring BER
The
TV EXPLORER
HD / HDLE offers three ways to measure the error rate (
BER
)
of digital signals depending on the type of used modulation.
To select the
BER
measurement mode:
1) Select digital signals
Measurements Configuration
pressing
[17] key.
2) Select by means of
Signal
option from
CONFIGURATION
menu:
DVB-C
for the
measurement of
QAM
modulated signals,
DVB-T/H
for the measurement of
COFDM
modulated signals or
DVB-S/S2
for the measurement of
QPSK/8PSK
modulated signals.
3) Enter the parameters relative to the digital signal which appear in the
measurement
CONFIGURATION
menu, as described previously.
4) Select the option to exit from measurements
CONFIGURATION
menu.
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5.14.7.1 DVB-C signals
Once determined the parameters of
QAM
signal, it will be possible to measure
BER
, press the
[12] key until the
BER
measurement display appears.
In the
BER
measurement mode, the monitor will show a display like the following
one:
Figure 29.-DVB-C (QAM
) signals
BER
measurement screen.
The
BER
measurement before error correction is shown:
BER before FEC
(Forward Error Correction).
In a digital reception system for cable signals, after the
QAM
demodulator an error
correction method called
Reed-Solomon
is applied (see following Figure). Obviously,
the error rate after the corrector is lower to the error rate at the
QAM
decoder output.
This is the reason because this screen provides the
BER
measurement before FEC
(Forward Error Correction).
Figure 30.-
Digital reception system via cable.
The
BER
measurement is provided in scientific notation (i.e. 1.0 E-5 means
1.0x10
-5
that is to say one wrong bit of every 100000) and through an analogue bar (as
its length is smaller the signal quality will be better). The analogue representation is done
on a logarithmic scale (not linear).
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With the aim to have a reference about the signal quality, it is considered that a
system has a good quality when it decodes less than one non-correctable error for every
transmission hour. This border is known as
QEF (Quasi-Error-Free
) and it corresponds
approximately to a BER before FEC of
2.0E-4 BER
(2.0x10
-4
, that is to say two incorrect
bits of every 10,000). This value is marked on the measurement bar of the
BER
and
therefore,
BER
for acceptable signals must be at the
left
side of this mark.
Below the
BER
analogue bar it is shown the tuned frequency (or channel) and
the
frequency deviation in kHz between the tuned frequency and the one, which optimizes
the BER
(i.e.
800.00 MHz + 1.2 kHz
). This deviation must be adjusted specially from the
C/N
measurement in satellite band, by tuning again the channel in frequency mode
[24], to the lower reachable value.
5.14.7.2 DVB-T/H signals
Once determined the parameters of
COFDM
signal, it will be possible to measure
BER
.
Two types of measurements appear:
Following is shown the
BER measurement before the error corrections:BER
before the FEC:CBER
.
English
Figure 31.- DVB-T/H(COFDM
) signals
CBER
measurement screen.
In a reception system of terrestrial digital signal, after the
COFDM
decoder two
error correction methods are applied. Obviously, each time we apply an error corrector to
the digital signal, the error rate changes, therefore if we measure the error rate at the
output of the
COFDM
demodulator, at the output of the Viterbi decoder, and at the output
of the Reed-Solomon decoder, we obtain nothing more than different error rates. The
TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
provides the
BER after Viterbi
(VBER
).
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TUNER A/D
COFDM
DEMOD.
RED-SOLOMON
BER after Viterbi
VITERBI
BER before FEC,
MER
Figure 32.- COFDM
reception system.
Figure 33.- DVB-T/H(COFDM
) signals
VBER
measurement screen
.
The
BER
measurement is provided in scientific notation (i.e. 1.0 E-7 means
1.0x10
-7
, that is to say 1.0 average value of wrong bits of each 10000000) and through a
graphic bar (as its length is smaller the signal quality will be better). The analogue
representation is done on a logarithmic scale (not linear), that is to say, the bar divisions
correspond to the exponent of the measurement.
With the aim to have a reference about the signal quality, it is considered that a
system has a good quality when it decodes less than one non-correctable error for every
transmission hour. This border is known as
QEF (Quasi-Error-Free
) and it corresponds
approximately to a
BER
after Viterbi of
2.0E-4 BER
(2.0x10
-4
, that is to say 2 wrong bits
of each 10000). This value is marked on the measurement bar of the
BER
and therefore,
BER
for acceptable signals must be at the
left
side of this mark.
Finally it is shown a status line with information about the detected signal. The
possible messages that can appear and its meaning are showing the following list. The
messages are exposed from less to more fulfilment of the
MPEG-2
standard:
No signal received
No signal has been detected.
Timing recovered
Only it is possible to recuperate the symbol time.
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AFC in lock
The system automatic frequency control can identify and lock a digital
transmission (TDT) but its parameters can not be obtained. It can be due to a
transitory situation previous to the TPS identification (
Transmission Parameter
Signalling
) or well to a TDT transmission with an insufficient C/N ratio.
TPS in lock
The TPS (
Transmission Parameter Signalling
) are decoded. The TPS are carriers
(17 in the 2k system and 68 in the 8k system) modulated in DBPSK, containing
information related to the transmission, modulation and codification: Modulation
type (QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM), Hierarchy, Guard Interval, Viterbi Code Rate,
Transmission mode (2k or 8k) and Number of the received frame.
MPEG-2 TS DVB-T
Correct detection of a DVB-T signal, the demodulator provides a TS MPEG-2.
MPEG-2 TS DVB-H
Correct detection of a DVB-H signal, the demodulator provides a TS MPEG-2.
5.14.7.3 DVB-S/S2 signals
Once determined the parameters of
QPSK
signal, it will be possible to measure
BER
. Following is shown the
BER measurement before the error corrections:BER
before the FEC:CBER
.
English
Figure 34.- DVB-S(QPSK
) signals
CBER
measurement screen.
In a digital reception system for satellite signals (
DVB-S
), after the
QPSK
decoder
two different correction methods are applied (see following Figure). Obviously, each time
we apply an error corrector to a digital signal, the error rate changes, therefore if we
measure in a digital satellite television system, for example, the error rate at the output of
the
QPSK
demodulator, at the output of the Viterbi decoder, and at the output of the
Reed-Solomon decoder, we obtain nothing more than different error rates. This is the
reason because the
BER
measurement is provided before
FEC
, after
Viterbi (VBER
).
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Figure 35.-
Digital reception system via satellite. (DVB-S)
Figure 36.- DVB-S(QPSK
) signals
VBER
measurement screen.
In a digital reception system for satellite signals (
DVB-S2
), after the
QPSK
decoder other two different correction methods are applied (see following Figure). In this
case, as the previous one, each time we apply an error corrector to a digital signal, the
error rate changes, therefore if we measure in a digital satellite television system, for
example, the error rate at the output of the
QPSK/8PSK
demodulator, at the output of
the Low Density Parity Check (
LDPC
) decoder, and at the output of the
BCH
decoder,
we obtain nothing more than different error rates. This is the reason because the
BER
measurement is provided after
LDPC (LBER
). It also shows the amount of packet errors
(
PER
), that is, the amount of packets receiving during the measurement time, which are
not correctable by the demodulator (WP).
Figure 37.-
Digital reception system via satellite. (DVB-S2).
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Figure 38.- DVB-S2 (QPSK/8PSK
) signals
LBER
measurement screen.
The
BER
measurement is provided in scientific notation (i.e. 2.7 E-7 means
2.7x10
-7
, that is to say two incorrect bits of every 1,000) and through an analogue bar (as
its length is smaller the signal quality will be better). The analogue representation is done
on a logarithmic scale (not linear).
With the aim to have a reference about the signal quality, it is considered that a
system has a good quality when it decodes less than one non-correctable error for every
transmission hour. This border is known as
QEF (Quasi-Error-Free
) and it corresponds
approximately to a
BER
after Viterbi of
2.0E-4 BER
(2.0x10
-4
). This value is marked on
the measurement bar of the
BER
after Viterbi and therefore,
BER
for acceptable signals
must be at the
left
side of this mark.
English
Next it is shown the tuning frequency and the frequency deviation in MHz between
the tuned frequency and the one, which optimizes the
BER
.
Finally it is shown a status line with information about the detected signal. The
possible messages that can appear and its meaning are shown in the following list. The
messages are exposed from less to more fulfilment of the
MPEG-2
standard:
No signal received
Any signal has been detected.
Signal received
A signal is detected but it can not be decoded.
Carrier recovered
A digital carrier has been detected but it can not be decoded.
Viterbi synchronized
A digital carrier has been detected and the Viterbi algorithm is synchronized, but
too many frames arrive with non correctable errors. It is not possible to quantify the
BER.
MPEG-2 TS DVB-S
Correct detection of a MPEG-2 signal.
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5.14.8 Digital TV: Measuring MER
Once determined the suitable parameters for
COFDM,QAM, QPSK
or
8PSK
signal reception, it will be possible to measure
MER
, press
[12] key until it appears
the
MER
measurement screen.
Figure 39.-DVB-T/H(COFDM
) signals
MER
measurement screen.
First of all, you will see the
modulation error ratio
measurement:
MER
.
Following, it appears the Noise Margin (NM) measurement (in the figure value
8.4 dB). It indicates a safety available margin according to the
MER
level measured that
allows signal degradation until arriving to the
QEF (Quasi-Error-Free
) limit value.
Figure 40.- DVB-S2 (QPSK/8PSK
) signals
MER
measurement screen.
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In the case of a
DVB-S2
signal (
QPSK/8PSK
) instead of the Noise Margin (NM)
appears the measure of the
Link Margin (LM
); in the previous figure with a value of
2.3 dB. The LM is equivalent to theNM and indicates the distance to the
QEF
(generally
defined as one lost packet per hour). The LM is measured in dB and its value is equal to
the safety margin that separates us from the
QEF
. As bigger LM better signal quality. An
LM
with a negative value means that there is no signal reception or errors are beginning
to display clearly in the video or the audio. An LM equal to 0 (zero) displays a service
and occasionally some artefacts can be observed.
Analogue and digital carriers are very different in terms of signal contents and
power distribution over the channel. They, therefore, need to be measured differently.
The modulation error ratio (
MER
), used in digital systems is similar to the Signal/Noise
(
S/N
) ratio in analogue systems.
MER
represents the relation between the average power of
DVB
signal and the
average power of noise present in the constellation of the signals.
When measuring
MER,
it also shows the noise margin in
DVB-T,C,S
and the
Link margin in
DVB-S2,
which indicates the distance from the
QEF
point at the current
signal.
English
By example,
QAM 64
demodulators require a
MER
greater than
23 dB
to work.
Though it is preferable to have at least a 3or
4 dB
margin to compensate for any
possible degradation of the system. While
QAM 256
demodulators require a
MER
greater than
28 dB
with margins of al least
3 dB
. Normally, the maximum
MER
value
seen in portable analysers is of approximately
34 dB
.
Finally it is shown a status line, which displays information about the detected
signal.
5.15 Constellation Diagram
The constellation diagram is a graphic representation, of the digital symbols
recived over a period of time.
There are different types of constellation diagrams for the different modulation
modes. With the
TV EXPLORER
HD / HDLE it is possible to display constellations for
DVB-T/H,DVB-C,DVB-S
and
DVB-S2
signals.
In the case of an ideal trnasmission channel, free of noise and interferences, all
symbols are recognised by the demodulator without mistakes. In this case, they are
represented in the constellation diagram as well defined points hitting in the same area
forming a clear dot.
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Noise and impairments cause the demodulator to not always read the symbols
correctly. In this case the hits disperse and create different shapes that at the end will
allow to determine at a glance the type of noise in the signal
Each type of modulation is represented in a different way. A 16-QAM signal is
represented on screen by a total of 16 different zones and a 64-QAM is represented by a
diagram of 64 different areas and so on.
The constellation shows in different colours the density of hits and includes
zooming, scrolling and clearing functions for a better graph representation on screen.
5.15.1 DVB-T/H (COFDM) signal
Activate the
UTILITIES
menu by pressing the
[22] key, and select the
CONSTELLATION
option. Now, on screen will be recorded the hits due to symbols
received during the digital signal transmision.
Figure 41.-
Constellation Diagram.
DVB-T/H (64 QAM
) signal.
By means of the rotary selector [1] and the arrow cursors [6] key, is
possible to change the frequency, channel or
COFDM
carrier on tune by the instrument.
The
DECAY
option sets the visual persistence for symbol impacts on the screen in
a range from 0 (minimum) to 16 (maximum).
First appears the information about the type of modulation
DVB-T/H
(
64 QAM
).
Next it is indicated the frequency, the channel and the carrier tuned. It is also indicated
the carrier type (data or pilot). Finally, it shows the status line (similar to the
measurement screen).
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NOTE
The transmission quality is visualised in a qualitative way using a colour range for
the symbol density concentrated in a certain area. This colour coding goes from
black (no symbols), to red (maximum density), and runs from blue to yellow in
ascending order.
A greater dispersion of the symbols indicates greater level of noise or worse signal
quality.
If concentration of symbols or noise appears is indicative of good carrier/noise ratio
or absence of problems as phase noise, etc.,.
5.15.1.1 Zoom, scroll and erasing functions
The
TV EXPLORER
HD / HDLE also includes, a
ZOOM
function to enlarge graphic
representation over one single quadrant. Select the
SCROLL
option to move the focus
over the whole viewing area using arrow cursors
[6] key,
CLEAR
option to reset the
graph screen or
SHARP
option to increase the image clearness.
English
Figure 42
.- Zoom x2 constellation diagram.
5.15.2 DVB-C (QAM) signal
Sets on the
UTILITIES
menu by pressing the
[22] key, and select the
CONSTELLATION
option.
On screen appears the modulation type:
DVB-C (256 QAM
). Also the frequency
and channel number are indicated. Finally, it shows the type of
DVB-C
broadcast
network used.
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Figure 43.-
Constellation diagram.
DVB-C (QAM 256
) signal.
NOTE
The transmission quality is visualised in a qualitative way using a colour range for the
symbol density concentrated in a certain area. This colour coding goes from black (no
symbols) to red (maximum density), and runs from blue to yelllow in ascending order.
A greater dispersion of the symbols indicates greater level of noise or worse signal
quality.
If concentration of symbols or noise appears is indicative of good carrier/noise ratio or
absence of problems as phase noise, etc.,.
5.15.3 DVB-S/S2 (QPSK/8PSK) signal
Go to the
UTILITIES
menu by pressing the [22] key, and then select the
CONSTELLATION
option.
The modulation type:
DVB-S
(
QPSK
) or
DVB-S2
(
8PSK
) is showed on screen.
Next, the frequency and channel number correspoding to the channel plan selected as
well as the satellite downlink frequency. Finally, it shows the status line (similar to the
measurement screen).
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Figure 44.-
Constellation Diagram.
DVB-S (QPSK
) signal.
When selecting a constellation diagram for
DVB-S2
signals, on screen will appear
the following information:
English
Figure 45.-
Constellation Diagram.
DVB-S2(8PSK
) signal.
NOTE
The transmission quality is visualised in a qualitative way using a colour range for
the symbol density concentrated in a certain area. This colour coding goes from
black (no symbols) to red (maximum density), and runs from blue to yelllow in
ascending order.
A greater dispersion of the symbols indicates greater level of noise or worse signal
quality.
If concentration of symbols or noise appears is indicative of good carrier/noise ratio
or absence of problems as phase noise, etc.,.
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5.16 Spectrum Analyser
The
Spectrum Analyser
mode allows the user to discover the signals present in
the frequency band in quickly and easily and to make measurements at the same time.
To select it press
[13] key. The monitor will show a picture like the one described in
the next figure.
Figure 46.-
Spectrum analyser mode.
The horizontal lines define the signal level, the broken lines being separated a
distance equals to 10 dB. The level of the top line (70 dBµV in previous figure), named
Reference Level
, can be altered using the vertical cursors [6] key over a range from
60 dBµV to 130 dBµV by steps (from 70 dBµV to 130 dBµV in satellite band). The vertical
measurement range changes to 5 dB/div by holding pressed the lower arrow cursor key
[6] and changes to 10 dB/div by holding pressed the upper arrow cursor key [6].
The signal level for each frequency is displayed vertically, the lower frequencies
appear at the left of the screen and the higher ones at the right. The amplitude of the
lobes is calibrated. In the example in previous figure the noise level is at around 25 dBµV
and the lobe with the highest signal level (third from the right) is at 70 dBµV.
In the case that the equipment detects saturation on RF input due to an excess of
signal, it will appear the icon
in the Spectrum Analyser mode and the message
SYNC: FAIL
in the TV mode to indicate this situation. The user must increase the
Reference Level in order to activate an additional attenuator and to avoid the input
saturation.
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Speed of sweep can be modified for terrestrial TV signals. To that end, press
shortly the key [17] MEASUREMENT CONFIGURATION. On the menu "
Configuration
"
it will appear the option "
Sweep
". Entering in this option you can switch between "
Fast
"
for a quick sweep of the spectrum or "
Accurate
" for a slower sweep. This option will only
appear when you're working with terrestrial TV signals, therefore the led "T" on the front
panel must be lighted.
The frequency range displayed (called
span
from hereon) can also be altered
using the horizontal cursors [6] key. Therefore enables selecting the displayed
screen frequency range in Spectrum Analyser mode between
Full
(the entire band),
500
MHz,200 MHz,100 MHz,50 MHz,32 MHz,16 MH
and
8 MHz
(the latter one only in
terrestrial band).
A vertical broken line, called
marker
, appears on the spectrum display to identify
the tuned frequency.
One of the applications of the
TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
operating as Spectrum
Analyser is in the search for the best orientation and position of the receiving antenna.
This is particularly important in UHF. Because such frequencies are involved, with
wavelengths ranging from 35 cm to 65 cm, if the antenna is shifted only a few
centimetres, the relationship between the picture, chrominance and sound carrier
frequencies change, affecting the quality of the picture in the receiver.
English
If there is an excess of sound carrier, tearing or 'moiré' may appear on the screen
due to the frequency beats between the sound, chrominance and the picture
frequencies.
If there is a chrominance carrier defect, then the television colour amplifier must
function at maximum gain, which could result in noise appearing all over the television
screen with points of colour that disappear when the saturation control is reduced; in an
extreme case, loss of colour may occur.
5.16.1 Markers
(
Only in Spectrum Analyser mode
). The central marker indicates the central
frequency or tuning frequency, which can be moved by means of turning the rotary
selector
[1] as well in channel as in frequency tuning mode [24].
When monitoring a digital signal spectrum also appears two additional markers at
the sides, which indicate the bandwidth of the digital channel (See previous Figure).
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If the highlighted measurement which appears on the measurement screen
corresponds to C/N, the Spectrum Analyser mode will measure the C/N ratio at the
frequency indicated by the marker and a second marker will indicate the frequency for
the noise measurement.
5.16.2 Spectrogram
The Spectrogram is a useful tool and it has been designed to detect problems in a
wide range of frequencies. These problems could appear at any time and sporadically.
The Spectrogram function makes a graphical representation of the frequency
signal level regards to the time. Each level is represented with a different colour, the Y-
axis belongs to frequency and the X-axis to time. Therefore a colour map is showed on
the display, see figure 46. Any frequency signal level could be displayed at any time
reference using the cursors or the variable knob. This tool is especially useful when a
level signal analysis is going to be processed during a long period of time. When the
process is finished the capture could be showed and any anomaly will be easily detected
at any time.
Figure 47.-
Spectrogram.
To access the spectrogram, first press the button [13] to access the spectrum
analyser. Then you should set the parameters reference, span and frequency. Then
press
[22] and select
SPECTROGRAM
using the cursors or the variable knob. The
figure below shows the initial screen.
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Figure 48.-
First Screen.
On the X-axis the time variables references are showed. At the bottom right
corner, the capture elapsed time is displayed, in seconds. At the bottom center the
T.span defines the seconds that will be displayed on the screen. For example, if the
T.span
is 60s, therefore the last 60s captured, will be displayed on the screen. On the
left corner the t variable is at time can be "end - time (s)" or "begin + time (s)".
English
The tag “end” indicates how many seconds you are from the last capture. To
select this option, go to the configuration menu and select the temporal reference “end”.
The tag “begin” indicates how many seconds you are from when starting the
capture. To select this option, go to the configuration menu and select the temporal
reference “beginning”.
On the Y-axis are placed the frequency variables. In this axis the initial and final
frequencies are showed and depend on the Spectrum Analyzer configuration. For
example if the Spectrum Analyzer frequency is 650 MHz and the Spam=100 MHz, the
Spectrogram will show as initial frequency 601MHz and end frequency 701MHz.
Next to the final frequency the cursor frequency and its signal level are displayed.
To move among the parameters press the cursor keys UP or
DOWN
.
To change a parameter, press the arrow keys
LEFT
or
RIGHT
or use the rotary
selector.
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5.16.2.1 Spectrogram Configuration
Before the capture begins the options must be configured. Press the key,
[17] and an option menu will be displayed.
Temporal reference
Begin:
The captured information will be showed on the display with initial reference 0 s.
In this option the screen is not updated with news acquisitions unless the cursor
is moved at the end of the capture.
Using the temporal position, the cursor can be move through the entire file and
the display will be updated according to the new temporal reference.
This option is very useful to visualize the captured information. For example if
the elapsed time is 500 sg and we want to show the 200 s, this number must be
filled in the temporal position. The cursor will be moved to, and the screen will be
updated showing the new levels signals.
End:
Selecting this option, the cursor is related to the last acquisition time. If the
temporal reference is filled with 0 seconds, the cursor will be placed at the end of
the capture, therefore the screen always shows the last acquired data.
This option is very useful if we want to work during the capture process due to
the problems can be detected in real time and the cursor can be moved at any
temporal reference. When a temporal movement is introduced, noticed that a
negative sing is placed before the number by default. This is due to the
displayed data on the screen is captured in real time so that if we want to
analyze a previous point we should go backward in the time. For example if the
elapsed time is 500 s and we want to go to the second 200, the temporal
positiont must be filled with — 300 s.
Save
Introduce a name to save the file. If the name already exists a message will be
showed and the file could be overwritten or the operation canceled.
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Acquisition mode
Select the different modes to capture a file:
CIRCULAR:
If this option is selected, other menu will be displayed. Choose the file duration.
The capture system stores the data in a file during the performed period of time.
When the elapsed time is higher than the file, the last captured data will be
stored. For example, if the selected file time is 1800 s and the elapsed time is
36000, the file will be stored the seconds from 34200 to 36000.
BOUNDED:
If this option is selected, other menu will be displayed. Choose the file duration.
When the end of the file arrives, the capture will be stopped and stored.
CONTINUOUS:
The equipment starts the capture and it is not stopped until the user does it
manually or the equipment does not have free memory.
OSD INFO
English
If this option is selected, on the left edge of the screen a heading to connect each
signal level (dB) with the respective colour will be showed.
START
Select it to start the capture process.
To finalize the capture manually pres the key
[17] and select STOP.
EXIT
Select it to go to the initial display.
5.16.2.2 Recall a Spectrogram file
Press the key
[22], choose RECALL SPECTROGRAM and select the file with
the variable knob. The file will be displayed on the screen. All the file information is
available.
The saved files are stored in the folder
Other
.
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5.16.2.3 Delete a Spectrogram file
To delete a Spectrogram capture, press the key [22] and select the option
DELETE CAPTURE. Then it pops up a new menu where you should select SP/. Then
select the file you want to delete.
5.17 MER by carrier (COFDM)
5.17.1 Graph of MER by carrier (COFDM)
This function analyses the
MER for each of the carriers
forming the selected
channel and displays it continuously in a graphic form.
It is a very useful measurement in order to analyze systems in which signals of
different types and sources interfere among them, as in the case of the transition from
analogue to digital TV.
In next figure a
MER
by carrier analysis for a
COFDM 8k
signal is performed.
Figure 49.- MER by carrier
function.
As it shows in the following figure, when analysing
MER by carrier
in this digital
channel appears three degradation areas throughout the channel that make suspect the
presence of an underneath analogue channel.
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Analog level
Frequency
Video Carrier Colour
Subcarrier
Audio
Subcarrier
MER by carrier
Carrier
MER
by carrier
Carrier
Figure 50.-
Scheme of interference due to TV analogue signal over a digital channel.
If we compare this graphic with the spectrum analyser of an analogue channel we
realise that in effect the video, audio and colour carriers affect more intensively the MER
of those digital multiplex located at the same frequencies. In this case, the COFDM
channel is strong enough to be affected by this interference.
This interference could not be detected in any other way for it can’t be seen on the
spectrum analyser and it is not strong enough to degrade the average MER, CBER or
VBER readings substantially.
English
5.17.2 Merogram
The Merogram is an useful tool to detect sporadic problems on a period of time in
a DVB-H/T channel. It is specially designed to detect potential and sporadic problems
during time goes by.
The Merogram function makes a graphical representation of the MER level carriers
regards to the time. Each level is represented with a different colour, the Y-axis belongs
to carriers and the X-axis to time. Therefore a colour map is showed on the display, see
figure below.
Any MER level could be displayed at any time reference using cursors. This tool is
especially useful when a MER level analysis is going to be processed during a long
period of time. When the process is finished the capture could be showed and any
anomaly will be easily detected at any time.
Only DVB-T and DVB-H signals could be used with this function.
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Figure 51.-
Merogram.
Select a DVB-H/T Measure or TV signal screen and press
[22] then select
Merogram. The Merogram will run according to the TV o Measures signal configuration.
The figure below shows the initial screen.
Figure 52.-
First screen.
On the X-axis the time variables references are showed. At the bottom right
corner, the capture elapsed time is displayed, in seconds. At the bottom center the
T.span
defines the seconds that will be displayed on the screen. For example, if the
T.span
is 60s, therefore the last 60s captured, will be displayed on the screen. At the left
corner the time variable can be "end - time (s)" or "begin + time (s)". The tag “end”
indicates how many seconds you are from the last capture. To select this option, go to
the configuration menu and select the temporal reference “end”.
The tag “begin” indicates how many seconds you are from when starting the
capture. To select this option, go to the configuration menu and select the temporal
reference “beginning”.
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On the Y-axis are placed the carriers. In this axis the initial and final carriers are
showed and depend on the 8k/4k/2k mode. Next to the final carrier the number of carrier
and the
MER
level where the cursor are placed is showed.
To move among the parameters press the cursor keys UP or
DOWN
.
To change a parameter, press the arrow keys
LEFT
or
RIGHT
or use the rotary
selector.
5.17.2.1 Merogram Configuration
Before the capture begins the options must be configured. Press the key,
[17] and the option menu will be displayed.
Temporal reference
Begin:
The captured information will be showed on the display with initial reference 0 s
and it is placed on the left edge. In this option the screen is not update with news
acquisitions unless the cursor is moved at the end of the capture.
English
Using the temporal position, the cursor can be move through the entire file and
the display will be updated according to the new temporal reference.
This option is very useful to visualize the captured information. For example if
the elapsed time is 500 sg and we want to show the 200 s, this number must be
filled in the temporal position. The cursor will be moved to and the screen will be
updated showing the new levels signals.
End:
Selecting this option, the cursor is related to the last acquisition time. If the
temporal reference is filled with 0 seconds, the cursor will be placed at the end
of the capture, therefore the screen always shows the last acquired data.
This option is very useful if we want to work during the capture process due to
the problems can be detected in real time and the cursor can be moved at any
temporal reference. When a temporal movement is introduced, noticed that a
negative sing is placed before the number by default. This is due to the
displayed data on the screen is captured in real time so that if we want to
analyze a previous point we should go backward in the time. For example if the
elapsed time is 500 s and we want to go to the second 200, the temporal
positiont must be filled with — 300 s.
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OSD INFO
If this option is selected, on the screen a heading to connect each signal level (dB)
with the respective colour will be showed.
Save
Introduce a name to save the file. If the name already exists a message will be
showed and the file could be overwritten or the operation canceled.
Acquisition mode
Select the different modes to capture a file:
CIRCULAR:
If this opiton is selected, other menú will be displayed, Choose the file duration.
The capture system stored the data in a file during the performed period of time.
When the elapsed time is higher than the file, the last captured data will be
stored. For example, if the selected file time is 1800 s and the elapsed time is
36000, the file will be stored the seconds from 34200 to 36000.
BOUNDED:
If this option is selected, other menu will be displayed. Choose the file duration.
When the end of the file arrives, the capture will be stopped and stored.
CONTINUOUS:
The equipment starts the capture and it is not stopped until the user does it
manually or the equipment does not have free memory.
START
Select it to start the capture process. If at any time of capture there is a lack of
signal or an invalid signal the equipment will inform with the icon
TS
.
To finalize the capture manually pres the key
[17] and select STOP.
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EXTRA
You can see information about the signal which is going to be captured.
a. Signal.
b. Bandwidth.
c. Save.
d. Carriers.
e. Spectral Inv.
f. Code rate.
g. Modulations.
h. Hierarchy.
i. Cell ID.
EXIT
Select it to go to the initial display.
English
5.17.2.2 Recall a Merogram file.
Press the key [22] and choose RECALL MEROGRAM and select the file with
the variable knob. The file will be displayed on the screen. All the file information is
available.
The saved files are stored in the folder
Other
.
5.17.2.3 Delete a Merogram file.
To delete a Merogram capture, press [22] and select the option DELETE
CAPTURE. Then it pops up a new menu where you should select
Other/
. Then select
the file you want to delete.
5.18 ECHOES Analyzer (COFDM)
The
ECHOES
function can detect and display echoes that may appear when
receiving simultaneously the same signal from several transmitters. Another reason that
can cause echoes is the reflection of the signal on large objects such as buildings or
mountains.
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With the
ECHOES
function is possible to know the distance from where we are to
the transmitter or the object that has caused the echo. Thus, the installer can minimise
the effects of echoes on the facility. Knowing echoes, the installer is able to reposition
the antenna and therefore, reduce the effect of echoes received.
This feature is only available for DVB-T / H signals. Therefore, you should
configure the
TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
in order to receive this type of signals. If not, the
ECHOES
function will not appear on the menu “Utilities”.
The steps to go through to set up the digital terrestrial reception are the next:
1. Press the key
[14] (Satellite / Terrestrial Band) to select the TV
terrestrial frequency band.
2. Press the key
[17] (Measurement Configuration) to select the
measurement mode for Digital TV.
3. Check the led indicator “D” and the led indicator “T” are lighted.
4. Enter parameters manually to lock signal or press
[25] (Automatic
Identification) for an automatic identification of the signal (Figure 53.-).
Figure 53.-
Automatic identification of the signal.
Now, the
ECHOES
function is available. The steps to go through in order to select
the
ECHOES
function are the next:
1. Press (short pulsation) the key
[22] (Utilities) to access the menu
Utilities.
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2. Select the option
COFDM ECHOES
(Figure 54.-).
Figure 54.-.UTILITIES
Menu.
3. Press the rotary knob.
Then you will see the
ECHOES
screen.
English
The screen displays at the horizontal axis Delay and Distance of echo with regard
to the carrier. The vertical axis represents the ratio power between echo and carrier
(Figure 55.-).
Figure 55.- ECHOES COFDM
Screen
.
You can move the vertical cursor along the horizontal axis using the rotary knob.
If the signal were not correctly locked, when starting the echoes analysis a
message appears warning that the measure would not be reliable.
Now you are ready to start to find echoes.
The steps to go through in order to find echoes are the next:
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1. Using the cursor
[6], place it on the option RUN.
2. Press the rotary knob to start finding (Figure 56.-).
Figure 56.-
Finding
ECHOES
.
Immediately, it will start scanning in order to detect whether there are echoes or
not. If it finds any echo it will be shown on the screen.
During the scan you should realise that the key RUN has changed and has been
renamed as RESTART. This mean that you may restart a new finding anytime before
last finding had finished. To do it, press the rotary knob on RESTART.
If during scanning the instrument is unlocked, the screen will show a warning
message of the incident.
Once the scanning is over, you will see the detected echoes on the screen
(Figure 57.-). Now you can analyse them in more detail.
Figura 57.- ECHOES
found.
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To navigate between the detected echoes:
1. Place the cursor
[6] on the menu option “
FIND ECHO
”.
2. Press the rotary knob. Then, the vertical cursor will placed on the first echo
(Figure 58.-).
3. Once the cursor is on the first echo, you should see at the bottom of the
screen the delay and distance measurements of the echo with regard to the
carrier.
4. Press the rotary knob again to switch to the next echo.
English
Figura 58.- ECHOES
analysis.
To zoom in:
1. Place the cursor [6] on the menu option “
ZOOM: x1
”.
2. Press the rotary knob. It will zoom in twice the area beside the carrier. The
zoom key will be renamed to “
ZOOM: x2
”.
3. Press the rotary again. It will zoom in four times the area beside the
carrier. The zoom key will be renamed to “
ZOOM: x4
”.
4. Press the rotary knob again. It will be back to normal size. The zoom key
will be renamed to “
ZOOM: x1
”.
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5.19 Screen capture
The user can capture and save different screens in a file, with the aim to process
them later. The screens, which can be captured, are the following ones (available
according to the model):
1. Constellation Diagram
2. MER by carrier
3. Spectrum analyser
In order to save a screen, access through the function or operating mode to the
Utilities
menu
[22] and select by means of the rotary selector [1] the
Save as:
option, later introduce by means of the alphanumeric keyboard [8] the file name of the
screen to be captured, and finally confirm it by pressing again the rotary selector
[1].
5.19.1 Recall screen
Accede to the
Utilities
menu [22] and select one of the following options
according to the type of capture that has been carried out:
1. Recall Constellation
Recall a constellation diagram.
2. Recall MER by carrier
Recall a MER by carrier diagram.
3. Recall Spectrum
Recall a frequency spectrum graph.
When trying an option by means of the rotary selector
[1] it appears a menu
that contains the names of the stored files. Select one using the rotary selector
[1] or
press
EXIT
.
The saved spectrum and constellation data can be exported in the form of a text
file (CSV). These files can be very useful if they are included in documents such as a
spreadsheet, data base, etc. There is a software application to download the files to the
PC.
Users can also develop a tailored program to read those files using remote control
commands.
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5.19.2 Delete capture
Also it is possible to delete the stored screens. For it, accede to the
Utilities
menu
[22] and after activating this function, select one of the following options according
to the model and type of capture that has been done:
constell/
Deletes a constellation diagram.
mer/
Deletes a MER by carrier graph.
sp/
Deletes a frequency spectrum.
other/
Deletes any other kind of capture.
When pressing with the rotary selector
[1] over the option will appear a menu
that contains the names of the stored files. Select one by means of the rotary selector
[1] or press
EXIT
.
English
5.20 PRINT SCREEN function
It is also possible to save anything that appears on the screen of the meter using
the “
PRINT SCREEN
” function. To save an image you only need to press the key
[10] during a few seconds. A file with the screen content in bit map format (bmp)
will be generated automatically. These files can be viewed later by means the
VIEWPRINT SCREEN
function (except for the screenshots captured in TV mode) or
using any program that supports .bmp formats.
To delete one or more of the captured images, press
[22] and select
DELETE PRINT SCREEN
. You will see a list of captured screens files. To delete a file,
place on it and press the rotary selector
[1]. To delete all stored files place on
ALL
option and press the rotary selector
[1]. A window pops up asking for permission to
delete all the screenshots.
NOTE:
You cannot use this function in the case of OSD messages.
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5.21 VIEWPRINT SCREEN Function
With this function the user can see the screen that has been captured by using the
PRINT SCREEN
function (previous section).
To access this function, press
[22] and select
VIEWPRINT SCREEN
. Then
there is a list of files names of the captured screens. You can move along this list of the
screen captures files by turning the rotary knob and see the image thumbnail. To zoom
in, press the rotary knob
[1]. Press again the rotary knob [1] to get back to the list
of files.
5.22 USB On-the-Go Function
The
TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
has a female mini
USB
port that uses a specific
communication protocol called
USB On-The-Go
(OTG abbreviated). This type of
communication allows the equipment to work in two different ways depending on the
element connected to the
USB
port: as a server (host) or as a device (slave). In general,
the
TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
works as a host when connecting a
USB
flash drive and
as a slave when connecting to a computer. This function converts the PC into a much
more versatile instrument.
5.22.1 Connection of TV EXPLORER
HD
/
HDLE(host) to a USB
flashdrive (slave)
This option allows you to copy a certain file from the
TV EXPLORER
HD / HDLE to
the
USB
flashdrive or vice versa. To access these options, you should previously
connect a USB memory device (flash drive, portable hard drive, etc ...) to the mini
USB
female port of the instrument. To do this use the
CC-045
cable (Mini USB male - female
USB) supplied with the equipment. When the connection is working, it appears an
USB
icon on the measurement screen (see picture) and the
USB
option becomes available
on the Utilities menu.
Figure 59.-
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The
USB
menu has the following options:
-
Copy To Pendrive.
-
Get From Pendrive
-
Copy Streams to Pendrive.
To scroll through the options press the cursor keys
UP
[6] or
DOWN
[6].
To select an option press the rotary selector
[1].
English
Figure 60.-
Next it is explained every option:
Copy To Pendrive
It copies all files from the memory of the instrument to the memory connected to
the
USB
port, except for the video file stream.
When copying files, it also copies the whole structure of folders from the
instrument. It creates a general folder called
EXPLORER
and within this folder are
the following series of folders:
CAPTZ
: Here are stored the captures of the MER, the SPECTRUM and
others.
CH
: Here are stored the terrestrial and satellite channels plans.
DATALOG
: Here are stored the data acquisition files.
DISEQC
: Here are stored the DiSEqC programs.
PVR
: Here are stored the TS-ASI video stream.
SKINS
: Here are stored several colors skins for the screen.
VAR
: Here are stored the screenshots.
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Get From Pendrive
It performs the function opposite to the previous explained one, that is, to copy
existing files from
USB
memory to the folders at the
TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
memory. To perform this function is necessary to have the same structure of
folders (see previous section) in both
USB
memory and
TV EXPLORER
HD /
HD
LE
.
Copy Streams to Pendrive
It copies TS files recorded from a service inside the PVR folder of the pendrive.
Normally this is the file that takes up more space and time. For this reason this
option is independent of the copy of the rest of files.
5.22.2 Connecting a computer (host) to the TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
(slave)
To connect a
TV EXPLORER
HD / HDLE with a computer, you should install the
drivers (if they are not installed yet) you have in the folder
USB_DRIVERS
, on the
memory support delivered with the instrument. To install drivers follow the steps
described in the manual.
Figure 61.-
Then you have to install the software NetUpdate3, which is also found in the
memory support delivered with your equipment. It allows connecting the
TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
and to perform various functions such as create and edit plans, update
firmware, etc..
Once installed all the necessary software on your computer, connect the
TV EXPLORER
HD / HDLE to the computer by using the
CC-041
(mini USB male — USB
male) delivered with the equipment. After connecting, it appears an incon at the top of
the measurement screen (Figure 61 .-).
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Run the program and make the connection with your equipment using the option
"Detect" on the program to access all the available features.
Figure 62.-
5.23 Setting the TS-ASI Input-Output
The
TS-ASI
option is a key feature for a TV analyser. It allows both input and
output transport streams. It automatically detects whether the stream is composed of
188 or 204 bytes. It can transmit in packet mode or burst mode.
To configure the
TS-ASI
inputs and outputs, access from the
TV mode
or from the
measurement mode
.
From the TV mode, press the measurement configuration
[17] to access the
SETUP
menu and go to the bottom of the menu until the Enable
ASI INTERFACE
.
English
Figure 63.-
Not available for the Limited Edition(LE) Version.
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Select the option by pressing the rotary and turn it to go from
OFF
to ON. Press
the rotary to accept the change. There are two new options, which are:
ASI OUTPUT SOURCE
It allows you to select the output signal between two options:
DEMODULATORS
and
AUXILIAR
. The
DEMODULATORS
option uses the TS coming from the
internal demodulator, which is active at that time. The
AUXILIARY
option uses any
video file.
TS INPUT SOURCE
It allows selecting the TS to use in the decoder. The
INTERNAL
option uses the
TS coming from the internal demodulator of the instrument. The
EXTERNAL
option uses the TSconnected through the
TS-ASI
input by the user.
Figure 64.-
You can also access the
TS-ASI
option from the
MEASUREMENT
mode. Press
the key for measurement configuration
[17] to access the
SETUP
menu and go to
the bottom of the menu until the option Enable
ASI INTERFACE
.
Select the option by pressing the rotary and turn it to switch from
OFF
to ON.
Press the rotary to accept the change. Now there is a new option:
ASI OUTPUT SOURCE
option as explained above, allows selecting the output
between two options:
DEMODULATORS
and
AUXILIAR
. The option
DEMODULATORS
uses the TS that comes from the internal demodulator which is active at that time. The
AUXILIARY
option uses any video file.
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5.24 TV Operating Mode
When pressing the [10] key from any mode of operation the
TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
accedes to the
TV mode
, and tries to demodules on the monitor the currently
video signal on tune.
In the monitor will appear the TV picture with a window on the lower part to show,
for five seconds whenever the signal is analogue; the channel number, the frequency,
the active channel set, the colour system, the TV standard and the saturation level
(SYNC OK / SYNC FAIL).
English
Figure 65.-
Analogue channel monitoring.
If it is a digital television signal (
DTV
) on screen appears, for about some seconds,
the following parameters:
The top data box shows the tuned
CHANNEL
data: number or satellite name,
frequency, active channel plan and satellite downlink frequency.
The following data box shows the
VIDEO
data: type of video coding (MPEG-2 or
MPEG-4), video bit rate, profile and level with its resolution and aspect ratio, video
program identifier (
VPID
) and the TS identifier (
TSID
).
Next data box contains
AUDIO
information: type of audio coding (MPEG-1,
MPEG-2, AAC or DD), audio bit rate, audio program identifier (
APID
) and language (e.g.
spa).
The last box located in the same column shows the
NETWORK
data: network
name and/or satellite orbital position, service name, network identifier (
NID
), service
identifier (
SID
) and logical channel number (LCN) assigned (if DVB-T is selected).
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On the left column appears the type of
DVB
signal, a window showing the signal
decoded and finally a data box stating if the emission is encrypted or free (
SCRAMB
or
FREE
), when the service supports interactive TV (
MHP
, i.e.
Multimedia Home Platform
)
and when is inserted a
CAM
module into the
TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
the indication
(
CAM
) appears.
Figure 66.-
Digital channel monitoring.
When pressing the cursor arrow [6] key will appear the tuning information
window again, in order to fix on screen this window the vertical cursors
[6] key must
be pressed up to select the OSD:OFF field, so press rotary selector
[1] to switch to
OSD:ON.
Also the standard
MPEG-2
profile is indicated which determines the compression
rate for the digital service decodified, the aspect ratio (
4:3
), the resolution (horizontal x
vertical) for received video and the picture refreshment frequency rate. In the (OSD:OFF)
mode the information window previously described will appear whenever the rotary
selector is pressed again
[1].
When a digital channel is decodified, once the Table of Services
SDT (Service
Description Table
) acquisition is completed, is possible to accede to the
list of
services
contained in the Table.
For it place the field selector, by means of the vertical cursors
[6] key, on the
field of the active service (e.g.
VTV 1
in the following figure) and later press the rotary
selector
[1].
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The
DIGITAL SERVICES
menu will appear then with the services available in the
digital
Multiplex
. Move the vertical cursors
[6] key or turn the rotary selector
[1] and press it to select the service to visualise on screen.
In the list of available services, a service may appear preceded by a symbol, with
two possible meanings:
(*) Indicates that the service is encrypted.
(#) Indicates that it is an internal service from a provider and it is not
supported.
English
Figure 67.-
Digital channel monitoring. Digital services.
Also is possible to change the active service directly acting through the horizontal
cursors
[6] key once has selected the field of the service from information window
of the currently tuned channel.
On the
TV EXPLORER
HD / HD
LE
screen always the image is visualised according
to the option selected from the
Video format
function in the
Measurement
Configuration
[17] menu and also according to the instrument display features,
that is to say, the format conversions are based on a TFT with
16:9
aspect ratio.
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Through the
Scart connector
[35] output and for digital signals, it will obtain a
video signal according to the format selected by the users (see the following table).
ANALOGUE MODE
ORIGINAL
VIDEO
SELECTED
FORMAT
EXPLORER
HD /
HD
LE
TV SCREEN
SCART CONNECTOR
4:3
4:3
PILLAR BOX
4:3 (original)
4:3
16:9
FULL SCREEN
4:3 (original)
16:9
4:3
PILLAR BOX
16:9 (original)
16:9
16:9
FULL SCREEN
16:9 (original)
DIGITAL MODE
ORIGINAL
VIDEO
SELECTED
FORMAT
EXPLORER
HD /
HD
LE
TV SCREEN
SCART CONNECTOR
4:3
4:3
PILLAR BOX
Scaling 4:3 in 16:9 TFT
4:3
16:9
FULL SCREEN
4:3 (Original)
16:9
4:3
PILLAR BOX
(
Do not select
)
16:9
16:9
FULL SCREEN
16:9 (Original)
Table 4.-
Selecting the screen and SCART video format.
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Therefore, if the original video signal shows 4:3 format and a 4:3-video format is
selected for the instrument screen, will appear a PILLAR BOX format and if the 16:9
video format is selected will appear a FULL SCREEN format.
NOTE
:
In order to obtain the video signal in the original format through the
Scart
connector
, the 16:9 format must be selected from the
Measurements
Configuration
[17] menu.
5.24.1 Recording and playing video streams
When the display visualises a digital channel with the tuning information (see
previous section). Press the
UTILITIES
[22] key to record or to reproduce a video
sequence.
In order to record the channel on tune, press the
UTILITIES
[22] key and
select the option
PVR Recording
by means of the rotary selector
[1]. On the picture
will appear the icon, stating that the channel is being recorded.
English
Figure 68.-
Digital channel recording.
On screen appears the duration of the recorded sequence, the size that occupies
in the internal memory and the transport stream rate. In order to stop the recording press
the
UTILITIES
[22] and select the option
Stop recording
.
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In order to play the previously recorded sequence, press the
UTILITIES
[22]
and select the
PVR Playback
option using the rotary selector
[1]. In the image it will
appear an icon indicating that the video is being played
, the option can be stopped
the sequence selecting
Pause Playing
. When is completed, on screen appears the
pause
icon. Select the
Stop Playing
option to back to the tuned channel viewing.
5.25 Antenna Alignment Function
Pressing the key [23] you access the function
Antenna Alignment
in order
to align antennas using a faster sweep without display of numerical measures. The
display appears divided in two parts, the left one shows the spectrum of the signals
detected in the band and on the right two analogue bars represents the more high signal
level found during the last carried out sweeping. The left bar shows the peak value with a
certain persistence. The right bar shows a filtered average value.
Figure 69.-
Utility for antenna alignment.
Simultaneously the instrument emits by means of the loudspeaker an acoustic
tone, which varies according to the level of received signal.
Press the
[24] key to switch between tuning by frequency or by channel.
Turn the rotary selector
[1] to change frequency or channel.
To modify the
SPAN
use the cursor arrow left or right
[6].
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To move the Gain vertical axis press the cursor arrow up or down
[6].
Hold the up arrow
[6] for half a second to change the vertical axis to 10 dB
per division.
Hold the down arrow
[6] for half a second to change the vertical axis to 5 dB
per division.
5.26 DiSEqC Command Generator
DiSEqC9 ('
Digital Satellite Equipment Control
') is a communication protocol
between the satellite receiver and the accessories of the installation (switches, LNBs,
etc.) proposed by Eutelsat, with the aim to standardize the diversity of switching
protocols (13 - 18 V, 22 kHz) and to satisfy the demands of the digital TV installations.
In order to define and/or to send a sequence of
DiSEqC
commands, press the
DiSEqC
key
[21] on frontal panel. It allows to define the satellite band configuration
parameters and select through
SEND
function one of the eight predefined programs
which execute basic functions to control an universal switch with two or four inputs, by
means of the rotary selector
[1].
English
Figure 70
.- DiSEqC command screen.
Whenever a DiSEqC program is sent, the commands that correspond to the
equipment status in relation to the Horizontal or Vertical polarization and High or Low
frequency band are also sent. This allows assuring that the installation status is the one
indicated by the equipment.
9
DiSEqCTM is a trademark of EUTELSAT.
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