Proceq Pprofometer 600, 39210001, 39220001, 39230001, Profometer 630 AI. Profometer 650 AI Operating Instructions Manual

Download

Page 1

Made in Switzerland

Design Patent Pending

Made in Switzerland

Operating Instructions

Page 2

Scope of Delivery

F G

L M

Q S

H J

Page 3

Scope of Delivery

Profometer 600 (39210001) Profometer 630 AI / 650 AI (39220001 / 39230001) Profometer Corrosion (39250001) Upgrade kit to Profometer Corrosion (39250002) Upgrade kit to Profometer 600 Cover Meter (39250003) Profometer Corrosion rod electrode (39250010) Profometer Corrosion wheel electrode (33001001) Profometer Corrosion four wheel electrode (33001004)

Carrying case

•

Profometer touchscreen

•

Battery complete

•

Power supply incl. cables

•

USB cable

•

DVD with software and documentation • •

•

Documentation • •

•

Activation key •

•

Carrying strap complete

•

Probe cable 1.5 m (5 ft) •

•

Universal probe with ruggedized scan cart •

•

Chalk • • •

Interface box • •

Cable coil l=25 m (82 ft) with clamp • •

Rod electrode with spare parts •

Copper sulphate, 250g • • •

Citric acid, 250g • •

Rod electrode cable, 1 lead, l=1.5 m (5 ft) •

Tool kit • •

Wheel electrode with cables and spare parts •

Four wheel electrode with cables and spare parts •

Page 4

Table of Contents

1. Safety and Liability ...................................................5

1.1 General Information ...........................................................5

1.2 Liability ...............................................................................5

1.3 Safety Instructions ............................................................5

1.4 Correct Usage ...................................................................5

2. General Operation ........................................................ 6

2.1 Getting Started ..................................................................6

2.2 Main Menu .........................................................................7

2.3 Upgrade procedure ...........................................................7

2.4 Cover Meter and Corrosion functionalities ......................8

3. Profometer 6 Cover Meter............................................ 9

3.1 Measuring Principle ..........................................................9

3.2 Cover Meter Operation ...................................................10

4. Profometer Corrosion ................................................. 30

4.1 Measuring Principle ........................................................30

4.2 Profometer Corrosion Operation ....................................33

5. Explorer Document Handling ..................................... 43

6. Ordering Information ................................................. 44

6.1 Units .................................................................................44

6.2 Upgrades .........................................................................44

6.3 Parts and Accessories ....................................................44

7. Technical Speciﬁcations ............................................ 45

8. Maintenance and Support ......................................... 46

8.1 Maintenance and Cleaning .............................................46

8.2 Support Concept .............................................................47

8.3 Standard Warranty and Extended Warranty ..................47

8.4 Disposal ...........................................................................47

9. Profometer Link Software .......................................... 47

9.1 Starting Profometer Link .................................................47

9.2 Connecting to a Profometer Touchscreen Unit ..............48

9.3 Viewing Cover Meter Data ..............................................48

9.4 Viewing Corrosion Data ..................................................49

9.5 Editing and moving data ﬁles .........................................49

9.6 Exporting Data .................................................................50

9.7 Merging Corrosion Scans ...............................................51

9.8 Further Functions ............................................................51

10. Appendices ................................................................. 52

10.1 Appendix A1: Rebar Diameters ......................................52

10.2 Appendix A2: Neighboring Bar Correction .....................52

10.3 Appendix A3: Minimum / Maximum Cover ....................52

Page 5

1. Safety and Liability

1.1 General Information

This manual contains important information on the safety, use and maintenance of the Profometer 6. Read through the manual carefully before the ﬁrst use of the instrument. Keep the manual in a safe place for future reference.

1.2 Liability

Our “General Terms and Conditions of Sales and Delivery” apply in all cases. Warranty and liability claims arising from personal injury and damage to property cannot be upheld if they are due to one or more of the following causes:

• Failure to use the instrument in accordance with its designated use as described in this manual.

• Incorrect performance check for operation and maintenance of the instrument and its components.

• Failure to adhere to the sections of the manual dealing with the performance check, operation and maintenance of the instrument and its components.

• Unauthorised modiﬁcations to the instrument and its components.

• Serious damage resulting from the effects of foreign bodies, accidents, vandalism and force majeure

All information contained in this documentation is presented in good faith and believed to be correct. Proceq SA makes no warranties and excludes all liability as to the completeness and/or accuracy of the information.

1.3 Safety Instructions

The equipment is not allowed to be operated by children or anyone under the inﬂuence of alcohol, drugs or pharmaceutical preparations. Anyone who is not familiar with this manual must be supervised when using the equipment.

• Carry out the stipulated maintenance properly and at the correct time.

• Following completion of the maintenance tasks, perform a functional check.

1.4 Correct Usage

• The instrument is only to be used for its designated purpose as describe herein.

• Replace faulty components only with original replacement parts from Proceq.

• Accessories should only be installed or connected to the instrument if they are expressly authorized by Proceq. If other accessories are installed or connected to the instrument then Proceq will accept no liability and the product guarantee is forfeit.

Page 6

2. General Operation

2.1 Getting Started

Battery installation

To install the battery, remove the protection foil and lift the stand as shown. Insert the battery and fasten in place with the screw.

There are two status LEDs (Figure 1,

) and above them a light sensor. The upper LED is red while charging and turns to green when it is fully charged. The other LED is application speciﬁc.

NOTE! Only use the power supply provided.

• A complete charge requires < 9h (Instrument not operating).

• Charging time is much longer if the instrument is in use.

• An optional quick charger (Part No. 327 01 053) can be used to charge

a spare battery or to charge the battery outside of the instrument. In this case it takes < 4h for a complete charge.

Energy Saving

Energy saving may be programmed as desired under System/Power settings.

Figure 1: Main menu, leds, buttons

Buttons

Lift the protective visor. On the upper right of the screen there are three buttons (Figure 1,

Power On/Off – Press to power on. Press and hold to power off.

Fullscreen / PDF viewer / Hard Keys Mode.

Back Button – returns to previous screen.

Page 7

Probes connection Profometer 6

Connect the universal probe to either of the two sockets  or  on the upper side of the Profometer touchscreen using the probe cable.

Profometer Corrosion

Mount the interface box on the right side of the Profometer touchscreen using the attached screws  and  and connect the cable to either of the two sockets  or  on the upper side of the Profometer touchscreen. Connect the electrode signal cable to socket  and the ground cable to the socket  of the interface box. Wheel electrodes: connect the path measurement cable to socket  of the interface box.







 

USB Host:

Connect a mouse, keyboard or USB stick.

USB Device:

Connect application speciﬁc probes and PC.

Ethernet:

Connection for ﬁrmware upgrades.

Power Supply:

Connect the power supply through this connection.





USB Host

USB Device

Ethernet

Power Supply

2.2 Main Menu

On start up, the main menu is displayed. All functions are accessible directly via the touchscreen. Return to the previous menu by pressing the back button or the return icon (arrow) at the top left of the touchscreen.

Measurement

Select to access either Cover Meter or Corrosion measuring modes.

Settings

Application speciﬁc settings.

Explorer

File manager application for reviewing saved measurements.

System

Select your preferred interface language, date and time settings and power saving options.

Information

Open documentation (Operating Instructions and additional PDF ﬁles) and device info.

Power off

Switch off the device.

2.3 Upgrade procedure

The following procedure has to be performed in order to upgrade to Profometer 630 AI / 650 AI functionalities from a Profometer 600 unit or to unlock Profometer 600 / 630 AI / 650 AI Cover Meter functionalities on a Profometer Corrosion unit. The Activation Key can be provided together with the initial purchase (when a Profometer 630 AI or 650 AI unit is supplied) or can be ordered anytime after the initial purchase in order to upgrade / unlock to further functionalities.

Page 8

1. Press the Power On/Off button to power on the touchscreen

2. Access the System menu, then go to Features and Enter activation

key

  

3. Enter the activation key

2.4 Cover Meter and Corrosion functionalities

A Profometer unit can have both the features of Cover Meter and Corrosion Analysis Instrument in the following cases

• Profometer 6 Cover Meter with the upgrade kit to Profometer Corro-

sion (392 50 002)

• Profometer Corrosion with the upgrade kit to Profometer 600 Cover

Meter (392 50 003) plus any possible upgrade to Profometer 630 AI or 650 AI

In either case the corresponding functionality (Cover Meter and/or Corrosion) will be available on the Platform depending on whether the universal probe or the interface box respectively is initially connected to the unit.

An image on the top of the measuring screen will indicate whether the universal probe

and/or the interface box are connected to the unit.

When going into the Settings or Explorer menus the user will be prompted whether to access the Cover Meter or Corrosion corresponding submenus.

The user can disable at any time either feature by going into the System / Features menu and unchecking the corresponding box.

Page 9

3. Profometer 6 Cover Meter

3.1 Measuring Principle

3.1.1. Pulse induction

The Profometer 6 uses electromagnetic pulse induction technology to detect rebars. Coils in the probe are periodically charged by current pulses and thus generate a magnetic ﬁeld. On the surface of any electrically conductive material which is in the magnetic ﬁeld, eddy currents are produced. They induce a magnetic ﬁeld in the opposite direction. The resulting change in voltage can be utilized for the measurement.

Coils

Concrete

Rebar

Magnetic Field

Figure 2: Measurement principle

The Profometer 6 uses different coil arrangements to generate several magnetic ﬁelds. Advanced signal processing allows locating a rebar as well as measuring of cover and rebar diameter. This method is unaffected by all non conductive materials such as concrete, wood, plastics, bricks etc. However any kind of conductive materials within the magnetic ﬁeld (sphere of approx. 200 mm / 8 inch radius) will have an inﬂuence on the measurement.

NOTE! Remove all metallic objects such as rings and watches before you start measuring.

3.1.2. Calibrated Measuring with Profometer 6

The Profometer 6 is calibrated to measure on a normal rebar arrangement; which is an arrangement of non-stainless steel rebars fastened with binding wires only e. g. when measuring on welded mesh wires the cover and diameter readings must be corrected (see “3.2.4. Practical Hints”). The following information on accuracy, measuring ranges and resolutions refer to measurements on normal rebar arrangements.

3.1.3. The

Measuring

Range

The measuring range is dependent on the bar size. The expected accuracy of the cover measurement is indicated in the graphic below. It complies with BS1881 part 204, for a single rebar with sufﬁcient spacing.

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55

#2 #3 #5

#6 #8 #9

#11 #13 #14 #16 #18

[inch] [mm]

Rebar size

Cover depth

Spot probe

measuring range

Standard

measuring range

±4 mm

±2 mm

±1 mm

[mm] [

/8 inch]

153 mm

50 mm

Large

measuring range

measuring

accuray

185 mm

100 mm

Figure 3: Measuring ranges and accuracy: up to the indicated limits the

cover is measured and displayed. In the Locating Mode a rebar is shown. In the Single-Line Mode the cover curve is shown but a rebar is only set up to 90 % of the maximum cover.

Page 10

3.1.4. Resolution

There is a limit to the minimum spacing of bars

depend

ing on the cover depth and rebar diameter. It is impossible to distinguish between individual bars above these

limits.

100

120

140

160

180

200

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

[inch]

[mm]

Cover depth

Spot probe

range

Standard

range

Ø 40 mm

Ø 26 mm

Ø 16 mm

Ø 12 mm Ø 8 mm

Below the curve:

Individual rebar can be detected

Rebar spacing

[inch]

[mm]

# 12

# 13

# 8

# 4 # 3 # 2

# 5

Large range

Figure 4: Resolution

3.1.5. Sphere of inﬂuence by Ferromagnetic Material

MC (SLA) C

Sphere of inﬂuence: Diameter 400 mm / 16 inch

Figure 5: Inﬂuence sphere

Any ferromagnetic material within the sphere may have an inﬂuence on on the signal value (e. g. during a reset).

3.2 Cover Meter Operation

3.2.1. Cover Meter Operation

Scroll up and down the screen by dragging your ﬁnger up or down the screen. The current setting is displayed on the right hand side. Tap on an item to adjust it.

Measuring Mode Adjust-

able after data storage

Settings Locate Single-

Line

MultiLine

CrossLine

AreScan

Measuring Range

• • • • •

No Rebar Diameter Scan X

• • • • •

Yes

Rebar Diameter Scan Y

•

Yes

Artiﬁcial Intelligence

/ Neighboring Rebar Correction

• • • • •

Yes

Cover Calibration

• • • • •

Yes

Unit

• • • • •

Minimum Cover

• • • • •

Yes

Maximum Cover

• • •

Yes

Cover Offset

• • • • •

No Display Inclined Rebar

•

Yes

Sharpen

• •

Yes

Display Curve

•

Yes Align Rebar Positions

• •

Page 11

Measuring Mode Adjust-

able after data storage

Settings Locate Single-

Line

MultiLine

CrossLine

AreScan

Return to start on new line

• •

Yes

Line Height

• • •

Yes

Grid Width

• •

Yes

This parameter affects all measurement modes (in addition to Cross-Line) when-

ever Artiﬁcial Intelligence Correction is selected

Only available on Profometer 630 AI / 650 AI

Meauring Range

Select between Standard, Large or Auto ranges (see Figure 3). The Standard range setting is the default setting and the most accurate. Auto range setting automatically switches between Standard and Large range; it is only available when in the Locating Mode. Spot range setting should be selected for measurements of small areas, in corners and where the distance between reinforcing bars is small. The Large range setting should be selected when the concrete cover is deeper, to provide more accurate results.

Rebar Diameter Scan X / Rebar Diameter Scan Y

Select the Rebar Diameter (6 to 40 mm / #2 to #12, see “10.1 Appendix A1: Rebar Diameters”), either determined from the drawing or as measured. Tap on the info button on top of the Settings page to view a graphical overview of the above mentioned parameters.

Artiﬁcial Intelligence / Neighboring Rebar Correction

It compensates the inﬂuence of 1

and 2

layer neighbor rebars (AI) or 1st layer neighbor rebars only (NRC) on cover measurement of 1st layer rebars. If both a1 and a2 spacings are entered, Φ1 ≤ Φ2 and Standard Range is set, then the Artiﬁcial Intelligence is automatically applied. If only a1 spacing is entered or Φ1 > Φ2 or Large/Spot Range is set, then the Neighboring Rebar Correction (only taking into account 1st layer) is automatically applied.

The user can enter the spacing value manually or choose the Auto function, which redirects to a Single-Line scan where the spacing is automatically measured and averaged. The rebar size measurement is anyway only corrected with NRC. Tap on the info button on top of the Settings page to view a graphical overview of the above mentioned parameters.

Cover Calibration

This correction is used for calibrating the cover measured by the instrument (Measured Cover) to the actual value directly measured on a open location (Reference Cover). The corresponding Rebar Diameter Setting is also to be speciﬁed.

This correction can be used regardless of rebar geometry and Measuring Range selected

Unit Select Metric, Metric Japanese, Imperial or Imperial Diameter, Metric

Cover and Distance. Minimum Cover

A Minimum Cover value from 10 to 142 mm / 0.40 to 5.56 inch can be set in 1 mm / 0.04 inch steps (see “10.3 Appendix A3: Minimum / Maximum Cover”). In the Single-Line, Multi-Line and Cross-Line Mode/View rebars with less than minimum cover will be shown in red color. In the SingleLine View and Statistical View a horizontal, respectively vertical dotted line in red indicates the Minimum Cover value set.

Maximum Cover

A Maximum Cover value from 20 to 190 mm / 0.80 to 7.48 inch can be set in steps of 1 mm / 0.04 inch (see “10.3 Appendix A3: Minimum / Maximum Cover”). In the Single-Line, Multi-Line and Cross-Line Mode/View rebars with cover exceeding the Maximum cover will be shown in grey color.

NOTE! The Maximum Cover must be at least 10 mm / 0.40 inch higher than the Minimum Cover. If not, the instrument will correct it automatically.

Page 12

Return to start on new line

With this feature set, the cursor jumps back to the start line when changing line in the Multi-Line and Cross-Line Modes.

Line Height (in Y-direction)

The line height of must be set in the Multi-Line, Area-Scan and CrossLine Modes. It determines the spacing between the measuring rows. A height of 5 to 203 cm / 2.00 to 80.00 inch can be set.

Grid Width (in X-direction)

The grid width must be set in the Area-Scan and Cross-Line Modes. A width from 5 to 203 cm / 2.00 to 80.00 inch can be set.

3.2.2. Cover Meter Measurement Modes

When Measurement Mode is selected for the ﬁrst time after switching on the instrument, zeroing of the probe is performed. Conﬁrm it and wait for the button assessment window. Wait or tap anywhere on the screen. The Measurement Modes available are shown in the menu on the top of the screen.

Locating Single-Line Multi-Line Area-Scan Cross-Line

Profometer 600

•

Profometer 630 AI

• • • •

Profometer 650 AI

• • • • •

NOTE! Valid for all Measuring Modes: In case measuring data shall be stored create a folder in the Explorer (see “5. Explorer Document Handling”) and check if the correct folder is active.

The Maximum Cover should also be set for different ﬁles measured on the same surface to get the same color range for comparison purposes.

Cover Offset

When a Cover Offset value is set the measured cover will be reduced by this value; e. g. when a wooden or plastic plate is used to measure with the probe cart on rough surfaces (see “3.2.4. Practical Hints”). In this case the plate thickness must be set as Cover Offset value). A value from 1 to 50 mm / 0.04 to 1.92 inch can be set.

Display Inclined Rebar

By setting this feature the inclined rebar is displayed in the Locating Mode when all four wheels of the cart have passed over the inclined rebar. In the Single-Line and Multi-Line Modes it is only shown in the cart symbol.

NOTE! In areas with small rebar spacing this feature may not work properly.

Sharpen

With this setting the signal strength color spectrum of the Multi-Line and Cross-Line Views can be sharpened.

Display Curve

Select Cover Value, Signal Strength or None. The respective curve or no curve is displayed in Single-Line View.

Align Rebar Positions

When measuring in the Multi-Line or Cross-Line Mode along at least two lines of at least 55 cm / 22.00 inch length, the rebar positions of subsequent lines are aligned to the rebar positions of the previous lines.

NOTE! This feature should only be set if the rebars are running parallel to the start line (X- or Y-line). It is not activated during the measurements (activated only when storing the data).

Page 13

Center Line (CL)

*When an Arrow LED lights up move the

probe along the rebar axis until MC LED

or D lights up. Then the MC is

precisely above a rebar axis.

By pushing

and B simultane-

ously the cursor jumps to the next line

(in Multi-Line, Area-Scan and Cross-Line

Mode only)

Short: Measure diameter Long: Zeroing

Measurement Center when Spot range is set (MC Sp)

Measurement Center when Standard,

Large or Auto range is set (MC SLA)

Short: Start / Stop

Long: Set marker

Arrow LED indicates proximity of rebar*

Figure 6: Universal Probe overview

Page 14

Locating Mode

Profometer

600

Profometer

630 AI

Profometer

650 AI

4567

Figure 7: Locating Mode

File name: enter the ﬁle name and tap return. Saved measurements

will be stored with this ﬁle name. If several measurements are made under the same ﬁlename, a sufﬁx increments after each measurement and follows the ﬁle name.

Probe connected, current time, battery status and warning triangle for zeroing the probe when needed: after 5 minutes in orange, after 10 minutes in red.

NOTE! Tap on the triangle to perform zeroing.

Display of selected Settings:

• Measuring Range

• Type of correction (None, AI, NRC, CAL)

• 1

and 2nd layer rebar size and spacing

• Cover Offset (if set)

• Probe Direction X: Undeﬁned direction

^, v, <, >: On vertical wall, probe head towards up, down, left, right

_, ˉ: On horizontal surface, on sofﬁt

Settings: switches to the settings menu

Rebar Diameter: measuring of rebar diameter

6 Store measured data

7 Restart: all data of current measurement are deleted

8 Actual Cover

9 Distance to the nearest rebar

10 Nos. / Measured diameter

11 Signal strength

12 Coils indicator

Whenever possible start with locating the rebars of the ﬁrst layer, E.g on a column this would be the horizontal stirrups. Holding the CL E horizontally, move vertically up or down until the Arrow LED lights up and then move back until the MC LED lights up. After having located the ﬁrst layer rebars continue with locating the second layer rebars.

• Position the MC (C or D depending on the set Measuring Range) at the mid line of the ﬁrst layer rebars, e. g. on a column hold the probe with the CL running vertically and move the probe cart vertically until both rectangles in the probe symbol 12 are green and of equal size. Whenever the coils rectangles 12 are of different size and red, the probe po-

Page 15

sition is not optimal and the cover / diameter measurement becomes not reliable

• Now move the probe cart horizontally until one of the Arrow LEDs F lights up and then move back until MC LED C or D lights up.

• At this position you may also measure the diameter either by pushing B on the right side of the probe or 5 (see Figure 7) on the Touchscreen unit (e. g. when the probe is ﬁxed to the telescopic extension rod).

• If the spacing of parallel or orthogonal rebars is between 5 and 30 cm (2.00 to 12.00 inch), activate AI or NRC correction. If the cover is too small for diameter measurement “too close” is displayed.

• In this case place a wooden or plastic board on the surface and set the board thickness as Cover Offset to measure the diameter.

Finally the measured diameter must be set. The cover reading will be corrected according to the diameter set.

NOTE! A rebar is shown only within the cover ranges indicated in Figure 3; for more details about diameter measurement see “3.2.4. Practical Hints”.

• Tap

to store the diameter and cover measurement.

• Repeat this procedure at each rebar.

The saved data can be seen in the Snapshot and Normal Statistics View (see “3.2.3. Cover Meter Display Views”). Whenever a rebar is inclined to the Cover of the probe, if Display Inclined Rebars is set, the angle will be shown on the display (minimum detected inclination is 6 degrees).

NOTE! Cover values are only saved for later viewing, if the diameter was measured and saved.

Single-Line View

Profometer

630 AI

Profometer

650 AI

1 2

5678910

1415

Figure 8: Single-Line Mode

File name: enter the ﬁle name and tap return. Saved measurements

will be stored with this ﬁle name. If several measurements are made under the same ﬁlename, a sufﬁx increments after each measurement and follows the ﬁle name.

Probe connected, current time, battery status and warning triangle for zeroing the probe when needed: after 5 minutes in orange, after 10 minutes in red..

NOTE! Tap on the triangle to perform zeroing.

Page 16

Display of selected Settings:

• Measuring Range

• Type of correction (None, AI, NRC, CAL)

• 1

and 2nd layer rebar size and spacing

• Cover Offset (if set)

• Probe Direction

X: Undeﬁned direction

^, v, <, >: On vertical wall, probe head towards up, down, left, right _, ˉ: On horizontal surface, on sofﬁt

Zoom in by placing thumb and index ﬁnger together on the screen and spreading them apart. This can be used in both the horizontal and vertical directions when making a measurement.

Zoom out by placing thumb and index ﬁnger apart on the screen and pinching them together.

Pan the image from left to right by dragging.

Curve displayed: Cover / Signal strength / None

Settings: switches to the settings menu

Rebar Diameter: measuring of rebar diameter

7 Store measured data

8 Restart: all data of current measurement are deleted

9 Zoom in to cursor position

10 Zoom to ﬁt the whole scan

11 Actual Cover

12 Distance to the nearest rebar

13 Nos. / Measured diameter

14 Skip distance

15 Skip button

16 Coils indicator

17 Speed bar

18 Minimum set cover value (if set)

19 Measured diameter

NOTE! It is advisable to locate the ﬁrst and second layer rebars with the Locating Mode to ﬁnd the optimum line position prior to measuring with the Single-Line Mode.

• Position the probe cart at the start line in an optimum position (see Figure 9, the MC C / D at the mid line of the rebars running parallel to the moving direction, both rectangles in

are of equal size).

Midpoint line

MC C / D

Figure 9: Optimal probe position

• Start with the measurement if the cursor is at the start line. If not perform a reset

• Move the probe cart with constant speed crosswise over the rebars, not exceeding the maximum speed (speed bar 17 half ﬁlled in green).

• Above each rebar, when the red LED of MC C / D lights up, you may measure the rebar diameter and on completion, it will be displayed in blue. The measured diameter may be deleted within 5 seconds by tapping on

Page 17

• In case the spacing between parallel or orthogonal rebars is in the range of 5 to 30 cm (2.00 to 12.00 inch), activate AI or NRC correction.

The cursor position can be adapted in two ways to a changed cart position:

• Tap on the cursor and wait until it becomes white and orange. Move the cursor to the desired position (even left to the zero line is possible). Be aware: Scanning is no longer possible between the cursor and the zero-line. Rebars that have already been scanned cannot be removed by a new scan, but you may scan to the left of the ﬁrst rebar or to the right of the last rebar. To delete rebars already scanned, tap

and

conﬁrm with Yes.

• Tap on

and set the skip distance. For example, if you have to make a break in the scan due to an obstacle such as a column, move the cart until the right wheels touch the column, then set the skip distance to the width of the column plus 107mm / 4.2 inches for the cart and reposition the cart at the other side of the column with the left wheels touching the column. Tap on 15. A blue dotted line is set at the beginning of the skipped interval.

NOTE! The cover curve is shown (if selected) within the cover ranges indicated in Figure 3 but a rebar will only be shown up to 90 % of those limits.

To display a rebar as a circle zoom the horizontal and vertical axis to the same scale. The spacings of the rebars are shown in blue. The distances from the start line to the ﬁrst rebar and from the end line to the last rebar are shown in white color. If the ﬁgures are not shown, zoom in.

Spacing between rebars (in blue)

Figure 10: Screen of Single-Line Mode with cover curve

• To change a diameter tap on the rebar. A window opens.

• Tap on the window and change diameter. To erase set diameter to zero.

The new diameter is set and shown in orange. The cover changes accordingly but the cover curve remains except above the rebar axis.

New set diameter shown in orange

Figure 11: Single-Line View zoomed, showing change of rebar diameter

Page 18

Figure 12: Single-Line option to mask a rebar by double-tapping on it

When utilizing the Single-Line Mode, the user has the option to display the Cover curve, Signal Strength curve or no curve. The Signal Strength curve is used to conﬁrm the presence of reinforcing bars. Local effects such as metallic elements present below the surface (metallic wire, anchorage, etc.) or changes in testing speed when obtaining the data can result in an “apparent” reinforcing bar appearing on the screen. It is possible to hide the “apparent” reinforcing bar by double tapping on the corresponding dot when in Single-Line Cover or Signal Strength View and selecting the “Mask” option. The corresponding cover values will not be taken into account in the Statistical View (refer to Section “3.2.3. Cover Meter Display Views”). The path length measurement accuracy depends on the test surface. The accuracy of measurements done on a smooth concrete surface (concrete poured in metallic shuttering) is shown in the speciﬁcations, see “7. Technical Speciﬁcations”. On rougher surfaces the measured length may be reduced or checked at certain intervals by setting markings on the test surface and comparing with marks set on the display (long push on

After storage (tap

), the data can be seen in the Statistics View, the Single-Line View and also in the Snapshot View if at least one diameter was measured (see “3.2.3. Cover Meter Display Views”). The maximum scan length is 999 m / 3’280 feet in each direction (to the right and to the left from the zero line).

Multi-Line Mode

Profometer

630 AI

Profometer

650 AI

1 2

56781011

1516

Figure 13: Multi-Line Mode

File name: enter the ﬁle name and tap return. Saved measurements

will be stored with this ﬁle name. If several measurements are made under the same ﬁlename, a sufﬁx increments after each measurement and follows the ﬁle name.

Page 19

Probe connected, current time, battery status and warning triangle for zeroing the probe when needed: after 5 minutes in orange, after 10 minutes in red..

NOTE! Tap on the triangle to perform zeroing.

Display of selected Settings:

• Measuring Range

• Type of correction (None, AI, NRC, CAL)

• 1

and 2nd layer rebar size and spacing

• Cover Offset (if set)

• Probe Direction X: Undeﬁned direction

^, v, <, >: On vertical wall, probe head towards up, down, left, right

_, ˉ: On horizontal surface, on sofﬁt

Zoom in by placing thumb and index ﬁnger together on the screen and spreading them apart. This can be used in both the horizontal and vertical directions when making a measurement.

Zoom out by placing thumb and index ﬁnger apart on the screen and pinching them together.

Pan the image from left to right by dragging.

Measured values displayed: Cover / Diameter

Settings: switches to the settings menu

Rebar Diameter: measuring of rebar diameter

7 Store measured data

8 Restart: all data of current measurement are deleted

9 Delete current line

10 Move to next line / Rotate probe

11 Zoom to ﬁt the whole scan

12 Actual Cover

13 Distance to the nearest rebar

14 Nos. / Measured diameter

15 Skip distance

16 Skip button

17 Coils indicator

18 Speed bar

NOTE! It is advisable to locate the ﬁrst and second layer rebars with the Locating Mode to ﬁnd the optimum line position prior to measuring with the Multi-Line Mode (see Figure 9). “Align Rebar Position” should only be set, if all rebars are running parallel to the start line (Y-axis). For large areas it is advisable not to set “Return to start on new line” and to measure the lines alternatively start to end, back from end to start.

• Position the probe cart at the start line in an optimum position (see

Figure 9, the MC C / D at the mid line of the rebars running parallel to the moving direction, both rectangles in 16 are of equal size).

• Start with the measurement if the cursor is at the start line. If not per-

form a reset 8.

• Move the probe cart crosswise over the rebars. Above each rebar,

when the red LED of MC C / D lights up, you may measure the rebar diameter and on completion, it will be displayed. If the spacing between parallel or orthogonal rebars is in the range of 5 to 30 cm (2.00 to 12.00 inch), activate AI or NRC correction. At the end of the ﬁrst line a marker (dotted blue line) is set. To proceed with the next line tap 10

Page 20

or push A and B simultaneously on the probe. The cursor jumps to the next measuring row, either to the start line or remains at the end line, depending on whether “Return to start on new line” is set or not. Changing the cursor position works like in the Single-Line Mode (tap and drag the cursor or use the Skip button). At the start of each line you may change the probe direction (e. g. when measuring on a wall along the bottom line close to the slab).

• Tap on 10.The arrow in the probe cart symbol changes from

to .

For the next line you may change back to .

NOTE! By changing the setting “Line Height” during the measurements the height of all lines including the ones already measured will change and hence, also the line positions. Change the line height only if it was previously wrongly

At each rebar you may measure the rebar diameter. At the end, set one common diameter, normally the smallest one (see “3.2.4. Practical Hints”). When displaying the Cover values in the color palette the range is deﬁned by the Minimum and Maximum Cover values used in Settings. When displaying the Diameter values in the color palette all rebars will be shown in the respective color. Rebars for which the diameter was not measured or set are shown in white; diameters set in the Single-Line View (Figure 11) are shown additionally with an orange cross bar in the middle of the rebar. After storage (tap 7 ), the data can be seen in the Statistics View, the Single-Line View, the Multi-Line View and also in the Snapshot View if at least one diameter was measured. In the Multi-Line View the signal strength spectrum can be seen in addition to the cover and diameter, see “3.2.3 Cover Meter Display Views”. In one measuring sequence a maximum of 62 lines can be scanned and stored in one ﬁle.

NOTE! A rebar will only be shown up to 90 % of the limits of Figure 3.

Area-Scan Mode

Profometer

630 AI

Profometer

650 AI

The Area-Scan Mode is mainly used to show the ﬁrst layer rebar covers on large areas, e.g. of concrete slabs in car parks. It is best suited for a combination with half-cell potential measurements; e. g. combined with Profometer Corrosion measurements; in this case the line height and grid width should be the same for both measurements. The main differences with the Multi-Line Mode is that instead of the single rebars, only the lowest cover value inside every cell is displayed; the single cell area is deﬁned by the Line Height (same meaning as for MultiLine Mode ) and the Grid Width. This latest should be set at least 1.1 times larger than the maximum rebar spacing of the ﬁrst layer rebars, in order to be sure that at least one rebar is located within one cell.

NOTE! Since the Area-Mode is used on rather large areas, “Return to start on new line” should not be set.

The measuring procedure including turning the probe cart and changing cursor position is the same as for Multi-Line Mode.

Figure 14 is a plan view, where the cover values are shown as rectangles of different colors. Red means the cover is smaller than the minimum set.

Page 21

A cover will only be shown up to 90 % of the cover ranges indicated in Figure 3.

Figure 14: Screen of Area-Scan Mode After storage (tap 7 ), the data can be seen in the Statistics View, the Multi-Line View and also in the Snapshot View if at least one diameter was measured (see “3.2.3. Cover Meter Display Views”). Erroneous or non valid readings can be deleted simply by double tapping on the corresponding ﬁeld and choosing the “Mask” option; a cross will appear into the masked ﬁelds and the corresponding cover values will not be taken into account in the Statistical View.

Figure 15: Area-Scan option to mask a ﬁeld by double-tapping on it

Cross-Line Mode

Profometer

650 AI

1 2

56781011

1617

Figure 16: Cross-Line Mode

File name: enter the ﬁle name and tap return. Saved measurements

will be stored with this ﬁle name. If several measurements are made under the same ﬁlename, a sufﬁx increments after each measurement and follows the ﬁle name.

Probe connected, current time, battery status and warning triangle for zeroing the probe when needed: after 5 minutes in orange, after 10 minutes in red..

NOTE! Tap on the triangle to perform zeroing.

Page 22

Display of selected Settings:

• Measuring Range

• Type of correction (None, AI, NRC, CAL)

• 1

and 2nd layer rebar size and spacing

• Cover Offset (if set)

• Probe Direction X: Undeﬁned direction

^, v, <, >: On vertical wall, probe head towards up, down, left, right

_, ˉ: On horizontal surface, on sofﬁt

Zoom in by placing thumb and index ﬁnger together on the screen and spreading them apart. This can be used in both the horizontal and vertical directions when making a measurement.

Zoom out by placing thumb and index ﬁnger apart on the screen and pinching them together.

Pan the image from left to right by dragging.

Measured values displayed: Cover / Diameter

Settings: switches to the settings menu

Rebar Diameter: measuring of rebar diameter

7 Store measured data

8 Restart: all data of current measurement are deleted

9 Delete current line

10 Move to next line / Rotate probe

11 Switch from X scan to Y scan and vice versa

12 Zoom to ﬁt the whole scan

13 Actual Cover

14 Distance to the nearest rebar

15 Nos. / Measured diameter

16 Skip distance

17 Skip button

18 Coils indicator

19 Speed bar

The Cross-Line Mode is used to display the rebars of the ﬁrst and second layer arranged in a rectangular mesh. The measuring procedure including turning the probe cart and changing cursor position is the same as for Multi-Line Mode. In fact it is a Multi-Line scanning in X- and Y direction, where the user can switch between horizontal and vertical scans by tapping on 11. In addition to the Multi-Line settings the grid width to deﬁne the spacing between the Y-lines must be set.

3.2.3. Cover Meter Display Views

Measured data can be displayed in six different views: Snapshot, Statistics, Single-Line, Multi-Line, Area-Scan and Cross-Line View. All the settings stored with the measurements can be changed afterwards. The views will change accordingly; to store the measuring series with the changes tap Store.

NOTE! Each View can be changed in a measuring mode in order to add data. Tap on Set the cursor to the new starting position and continue with the measurements (see “3.2.3. Cover Meter Display Views” ). All data and settings will be stored in the reopened ﬁle.

Page 23

Snapshot View

Profometer

600

Profometer

630 AI

Profometer

650 AI

The Snapshot View can be displayed if at least one diameter was measured and stored in one of the measurement Modes. The cover values are shown as vertical bars to scale and the diameter as a ﬁgure, both in the unit set. The Minimum Cover is not displayed in the Snapshot View.

Figure 17: Snapshot View

Statistics View

Profometer

600

Profometer

630 AI

Profometer

650 AI

The Statistics View can be displayed for measurements done and stored in one of the measurement Modes. It shows the statistical calculation of the cover values measured. For measurements with the Cross-Line Mode the statistical evaluation of the cover readings is done for each layer independently. Hence there is a Statistical View each for the scanning in the X- and Y-direction.

NOTE! In practice only the cover values and statistical evaluation of the 1st layer rebars (closer to the surface) is of interest.

On the horizontal axis the cover values in the unit set are displayed. The vertical bars show the percentage of the respective cover values measured and stored. The vertical cursor bar can be moved to any cover value. The ﬁgure on the left of the cursor bar shows the percentage of measured cover values smaller than the cursor position. The value on the right shows percentage of measured cover values larger than the cursor position. The cover value is displayed at the bottom of the cursor bar and at the top the percentage of measured covers for that cover is shown. Minimum required cover is shown as a vertical dotted line in red (if set). Covers below the minimum are shown as red bars, covers above the minimum as yellow bars. There are two different Statistics Views, the Normal (see Figure 18) and the DBV-Evaluation (see Figure 19). Tap on the statistical values windows to switch from Normal to DBV.

Statistics values box “Normal” showing Median, Mean, Number of covers measured, lowest/ highest, Standard Deviation.

Change from X- to Y-direction view (for Cross-Line Mode data only) by tapping on / . The actual window is shown on top right (either of scan direction SX or SY)

Figure 18: Statistics View Normal

Page 24

The DBV-Evaluation is an evaluation of the cover readings according to the German Concrete and Construction Association DBV (Deutscher Beton- und Bautechnik Verein). It is also recommended by RILEM. The DBV-Evaluation requires at least 20 cover readings. The distribution function F(c

min

) as well as the threshold values c(5 %) and c(10 %) are calculated. The c(x%)–values are displayed in green when the measuring series is accepted, respectively in red if not.

Statistics values box DBV:

Above the measuring series is accepted, below not. Cover values above the calculated upper

boundary are not considered and shown as bars with a yellow frame only (see on the right side bars at cover values 17 mm, 18 mm and 19 mm).

Figure 19: Statistics Views DBV-Evaluation

For more details of the DBV-Evaluation please refer to the Info sheet “Statistics according to DBV-Evaluation” available as pdf-ﬁle on the Profometer Touchscreen under Information/Documents and in the download section of www.proceq.com.

Single-Line View

Profometer

630 AI

Profometer

650 AI

The Single-Line View can be displayed if measurements have been done and stored in the Single-Line, Multi-Line or Cross-Line Mode (not from Area-Scan Mode). It shows the rebar positions in a cross section. The rebars are shown to scale depending on the diameter set. To show them as a circle zoom the horizontal and vertical axis to the same scale. However, for measurements over a long distance, like in a tunnel the scale of the horizontal axis will be much smaller and the rebars shown as vertical bars.

Figure 20: Single-Line View with cover curve

Figure 20 shows a Single-Line View with Metric Unit, Minimum Cover (dotted horizontal line in red) and Cover Curve (dotted curve in yellow). In case a diameter was measured its value is shown in blue above the rebar in the unit set. In case the diameter was manually set it is shown in orange. Figure 21 shows a Single-Line with the Signal Strength Curve (dotted

Page 25

curve in yellow) set. The vertical axis shows the signal strength; hence the Minimum Cover line is not shown. It is a Single-Line View from measurements done in the Multi-Line View, because at position

the 1 refers to the measuring row displayed. Tap

to display the Single-Line View of the next row.

Tap to switch among different views.

Figure 21: Single-Line View with Signal Strength Curve

The spacing among the rebars as well as the distance from the start line to the ﬁrst rebar and from the last rebar to the end line are displayed as ﬁgures in the unit set, but only if the spacing on the screen is large enough. If not shown zoom in until the ﬁgures appear. For more details like changing a diameter or masking a rebar refer to Single-Line Mode in chapter “3.2.2. Cover Meter Measurement Modes”. To set a new diameter you may have to measure it ﬁrst at the particular location of the structure in the Locating Mode and set it manually.

Multi-Line View

Profometer

630 AI

Profometer

650 AI

The Multi-Lline View can be displayed only if measurements have been done and stored in the Multi-Line or Area-Scan Mode. It is a plan view, in most cases of the ﬁrst layer rebars. A Multi-Line View of the second layer – main layer in columns and girders – may also be of interest. Rebars can be

masked and unmasked in the corresponding Single-Line View (see “3.2.2. Cover Meter Measurement Modes”); masked rebars will be displayed in dark grey with a dotted line and their cover values will not be taken into account in the Statistical View.

Tap to switch among different views.

Figure 22: Multi-Line View with cover values displayed

Masked rebars

Figure 23: Multi-Line View with masked rebars

Page 26

Tap to switch among different views.

Figure 24: Multi-Line View with diameter values displayed (if measured)

To sharpen the color spectrum set “Sharpen” By changing the Oand G-slider positions the color spectrum can be changed (see

Cross-Line View).

Tap to switch among different views.

Figure 25: Multi-Line View with Signal Strength color spectrum

Area-Scan View

Profometer

630 AI

Profometer

650 AI

The Area-Scan View is in fact a simpliﬁed Multi-Line View which only shows the lowest cover values in a predeﬁned grid. It is mainly used in combination with potential ﬁeld measurements; e. g. combined with Profometer Corrosion measurements. Erroneous or non valid readings can be masked and unmasked (see “3.2.2. Cover Meter Measurement Modes”); a cross will appear into the masked ﬁelds and the corresponding cover values will not be taken into account in the Statistical View.

Figure 26: Area-Scan View (X- and Y-axis with different scale)

Figure 27: Area-Scan View (zoomed to show X- and Y-axis in the same

scale)

Page 27

Cross-Line View

Profometer

650 AI

The Cross-Line View can be displayed only if measurements have been done and stored in the Cross-Line Mode. It is a plan view of the ﬁrst and second layer rebars. Rebars can be masked and unmasked in the corresponding Single-Line View (see “3.2.2. Cover Meter Measurement Modes”); masked rebars will be displayed in dark grey with a dotted line and their cover values will not be taken into account in the Statistical View.

Tap to switch among different views.

Masked rebars

Tap to switch among different views.

Two diameters and two NRCspacings (if set) are shown. Left of / it’s the value of the SX (scanning in X-direction of the rebars running in Y-direction), right of / it’s the value of the SY (scanning in Y-direction of the rebars running in X-direction).

Either cover, diameter or signal strength spectrum is displayed.

Tap to switch among different views.

Tap on

to change the global diameter of the active layer (SX or SY)

Figure 28: Cross-Line Views: Cover, Diameter, Signal Strength

In the signal strength spectrum view two sliders are shown on the right.

• With the O-slider (Offset) the signal strength range is set (from full actual signal strength range to higher strength only).

• With the G-slider (Gain) the signal strength resolution is set. The signal strength is accordingly displayed in colors from full color spectrum to part of it only, e. g. blue to violet only.

Page 28

Three demo ﬁles are stored on the Profometer 6 Touchscreen in the explorer under Demo Files and the document “Profometer 650 AI Demo Files Tutorial.pdf” under Information\Documents. Try out different slider positions to get familiarized with the display of the signal strength color spectrum, e. g. the extreme positions:

O- and G-slider lowest position:

Full color spectrum, full Signal Strength range (of actual measurements)

O- and G-slider highest position:

Full color spectrum, highest Signal Strength (shallower rebars) only

O- highest, G-slider lowest position:

Blue/violet only, highest Signal Strength (shallower rebars) only

O- lowest, G-slider highest position:

Only grey color displayed, Signal Strength beyond actual one

To sharpen the color spectrum set “Sharpen”.

3.2.4. Practical Hints

Measuring diameter and cover

The procedure for evaluating the diameter of the reinforcing bar and cover is as follows:

• Map out the actual grid on the surface of the element using the Locating Mode or Single-Line Mode.

• Evaluate the rebar layout and determine the ideal location for measuring diameter and cover according to the minimum spacing requirements (see Figure 29); if the spacing S

of parallel rebars is between 5 cm and 13 cm (2.0 ” to 5.2 ”), set the respective Neighboring Rebar Correction value ﬁrst.

• Measure the diameter and use the derived value as setting for cover measurement

NOTE! The Determination of the rebar diameter is limited to a maximum cover of about 63 mm (2.50 inch) Do not use the Spot Range when measuring a diameter

>75 mm >3 ”

> 5 cm / 2 inch (with Neighboring Rebar Correction)

> 13 cm / 5.2 inch (without Neighboring Rebar Correction) S

> 15 cm / 6 inch

Figure 29: Minimum spacing for diameter measurement

Diameter measurement accuracy is a complicated function of both ﬁrst and second layer rebar size and spacing; for all practical purposes, when the minimum spacing requirements are met (see Figure 29 as stated in the Technical Speciﬁcations, S

> 5 cm / 2 inch, S2 > 15 cm / 6 inch) it

can be summarized as stated the Technical Speciﬁcations, that is to say ±1 rebar size. When a certain diameter assessment is required for structural purposes it is advisable to use Profometer 6 diameter estimation as a prelimi- nary homogeneity check, in order to deﬁne how many possible different rebar sizes are involved. A direct observation on an open spot is then

advisable on every different location.

In multiple layer arrangements (see Figure 30) the deeper rebars may affect the diameter measurements on the shallow ones, causing the measured values to be overestimated (see Figure 30).

Page 29

Figure 30: Multiple reinforcement layers

In overlapping areas the measured diameter will be generally 1,4 times higher than the actual single rebar size (see Figure 31).

Ds ~ 1.4 D

Ds= Set Diameter

Real Diameter D

Figure 31: Apparent diameter on overlapping rebars

In any of the two cases mentioned above, or more generally whenever the requirements of the minimum spacings are not met, the diameter

to be set in order to have correct cover readings is the one that is measured by the Profometer 6, regardless of the actual rebar size (apparent diameter).

Rebar Orientation

The strongest signal results when the Center Line (CL) of the probe is parallel to a bar. The CL E of the Profometer 6 probe is the longitudinal axis of the probe. This property is used to help determine the orientation of the rebars by rotating the probe slowly and searching for the maximum signal.

Welded Meshes

The instrument cannot detect whether the rebars are welded to one another or connected with binding wires. The two reinforcement types with the same dimensions however create different signals. The setting of the bar diameter must be slightly higher than the actual diameter of the mesh rebar. The input depends on the bar diameter and on the mesh width. This input value should be determined by means of a test measurement on an open system with speciﬁc rebar mesh wire arrangements. Measure on each arrangement with different covers to ﬁnd out the diameter setting at which the correct cover is indicated.

Welded reinforing mesh

[mm]

current d

[mm]

d to be set

[mm]

100 150

5 6

8 7

Figure 32: Examples for diameter settings at welded meshes to measure

correct cover values

NOTE! The “Standard Range” must be selected. With the “Large Range” or “Spot Range” selected, locating of the rebars may be completely wrong.

Page 30

Diameter Measurements on welded Reinforcement Meshes

In most cases a diameter can be measured but the displayed value is far too large and cannot be used. The only way to determine the diameter is by an inspection hole.

Scanning on Small Surfaces and Near to Edges

On small areas and near edges you may have to place a cover sheet for scanning with the probe cart.

For correct cover measurements the sheet thickness must be set as Cover Offset value.

In this case no Cover Offset value must be set

Figure 33: Scanning near to the edge

4. Profometer Corrosion

4.1 Measuring Principle

4.1.1. Corrosion and Half-cell Potential

Under normal conditions reinforcement steel is protected from corrosion by a thin, passive ﬁlm of hydrated iron oxide. This passive ﬁlm is decomposed due to the reaction of the concrete with atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2, carbonation), or by the penetration of substances aggressive to steel, in particular chlorides from de-icing salt or salt water. At the anode ferrous ions (Fe++) are dissolved and electrons are set free. These electrons drift through the steel to the cathode, where they form hydroxide (OH-) with the generally available water and oxygen. This principle creates a potential difference that can be measured by the half-cell method.

Figure 34: Principle of steel corrosion in concrete with oxygen availability

Page 31

The basic idea of the potential ﬁeld measurement is to measure the potentials at the concrete surface, in order to get a characteristic picture of the state of corrosion of the steel surface within the concrete. For this purpose a reference electrode is connected via a high-impedance voltmeter to the steel reinforcement and is moved in a grid over the concrete surface. The reference electrode of the Profometer Corrosion system is a Cu/ CuSO4 half-cell. It consists of a copper rod immersed in a saturated copper sulphate solution, which maintains a constant, known potential.

Figure 35:

Measuring Principle

4.1.2. Typical Potential Range

Typical orders of magnitude (for information only) for the half-cell potential of steel in concrete measured against a Cu/CuSO4 reference electrode are in the following range (RILEM TC 154-EMC):

• water saturated concrete without O2: -1000 to -900 mV

• moist, chloride contaminated concrete: -600 to -400 mV

• moist, chloride free concrete: -200 to +100 mV

• moist, carbonated concrete: -400 to +100 mV

• dry, carbonated concrete: 0 to +200 mV

• dry, non-carbonated concrete: 0 to +200 mV In general terms the probability of corrosion rises with low (negative) potentials; active corrosion can be expected at locations where a negative potential is surrounded by increasingly positive potentials, i.e. locations with a positive potential gradient. Potential differences of around +100mV within a 1m measurement area, together with negative potentials can be a clear indication of active corrosion. The actual potential absolute value (corrosion threshold) below which active corrosion can be expected may vary signiﬁcantly on different structures. It is however useful to mention the thresholds suggested by ASTM C 876-09, Appendix X1, assigning a 90% probability of corrosion ongoing to the areas more negative than -350 mV, and a 90% probability of no corrosion to the areas more positive than -200 mV, judging uncertain the behavior in the regions in between the two thresholds. Be sure to note the conditions stated by ASTM as to the applicability of these threshold values.

4.1.3. Factors affecting the Potential Measurement

Provided that the corrosion conditions are equal (chloride content or carbonation of the concrete at the steel surface) the main inﬂuences upon the half-cell potentials are:

Moisture

See the chart above for moist, carbonated concrete and dry, carbonated concrete. Moisture has a large effect on the measured potential leading to more negative values.

Page 32

Concrete cover thickness (Measure with Profometer / Profoscope)

The potential that can be measured at the surface becomes more positive with increasing concrete cover. Variations in the concrete cover can cause deviations in the measurements. Very low concrete cover can lead to more negative potentials which would seem to indicate high levels of corrosion. Therefore it is advisable to make concrete cover measurements along with the half-cell measurements.

Electrical resistivity of the concrete

Low electrical resistivity leads to more negative potentials that can be measured on the surface and the potential gradients become ﬂatter. In this case the measurement grid for potential measurements may be coarser, as the risk of undetected anodic areas with ﬂatter gradients becomes lower. However, as the resolution between corroding and passive areas is reduced, this may lead to an overestimation of the actively corroding surface area. High electrical resisitivity leads to more positive potentials that may be measured on the surface and potential gradients become steeper. In this case the measuring grid must be made ﬁner, in order to be able to locate an anode with a very steep gradient. However, the mere potentials may be misinterpreted as passive areas when only considering the absolute value of the potential.

Temperature

The main effect of temperature on potential measurements is given by its inﬂuence on the electrical resistivity. High temperature will cause concrete resistivity to be lower and low temperature will cause concrete resistivity to be higher; the resulting effect on potential value is as described in the previous paragraph “Electrical resistivity of the concrete”. In order to measure the potential there must be a contact between the probe and the ectrolytes in the pore system of the concrete. Therefore a measurement below the freezing point is not recommended and can lead to incorrect readings.

Oxygen content at the reinforcement

With decreasing oxygen concentration and increasing pH-value at a steel surface its potential becomes more negative. In certain cases of concrete components with a high degree of water saturation, low porosity and/or very high concrete cover and thus low oxygen supply, the potential at the steel surface may be highly negative even though no active corrosion is taking place. Without checking the actual corrosion state this may lead to misinterpretation of the potential data. The air permeability of the concrete may be tested with Proceq’s Torrent instrument.

4.1.4. Application Limits of the Potential Measurement Technique

The potential ﬁeld measurement even with a coarse grid delivers good results for chloride induced corrosion. This type of corrosion is typiﬁed by pitting developing into troughs. Corrosion due to carbonation is typiﬁed by the development of smaller macro-elements and is only possible to determine by using a very ﬁne grid if at all. Corrosion of pre-stressed steel reinforcement is not possible to detect if it is located within a protective tube. The potential ﬁeld measurement alone offers no quantitative conclusions about the rate of corrosion. Empirical studies have shown that there is a direct relationship between the corrosion rate and the electrical resisitivity. However corrosion rate readings are of limited value as the rebar corrosion rate varies considerably with time. It is more reliable to work with corrosion readings taken over a period of time.

Page 33

4.2 Profometer Corrosion Operation

4.2.1. Preliminary Operations

Prepare the electrode(s) Rod Electrode - Before ﬁlling, remove the cap with the wooden plug and

soak it in water for about an hour to allow the wood to saturate and swell. Wheel Electrode - The wooden plug is not intended to be removed. Immerse the wheel in water well before you intend to use it to allow water to soak into the plug. The felt hoops and the felt hoop connector should be saturated with water before measuring. Copper Sulphate (Rod and Wheel) - Prepare the saturated solution by mixing 40 units by weight of copper sulphate with 100 units by weight of distilled water. In order to ensure that the solution remains saturated, add an additional teaspoonful of copper sulphate crystals into the electrode. The electrode should be ﬁlled as completely as possible with a minimum of air in the compartment. This ensures that the solution is in contact with the wooden plug even when measuring in an upwards direction.

NOTE! When handling copper sulphate be careful to take note of the safety instructions on the packaging.

Selecting the correct grid and marking the surface

One method is to use a relatively large grid for a ﬁrst estimate, e.g. 0.50 x 0.50 m up to a max of 1.0 x 1.0 m using the coarse grid. (See “4.2.2. Corrosion Settings”). Suspect areas can be further investigated using a ﬁner grid (e.g. 0.15 x

0.15 m), to identify the extent of the surface that will require corrective maintenance. Vertical elements usually require a smaller grid (e.g. 0.15 x 0.15 m). The same applies to slender elements, for which the grid will be deﬁned by the geometry, (e.g. steps, beams and joints etc.). For large horizontal surfaces (parking decks, bridge decks etc.) a grid of

0.25 x 0.25 m to 0.5 x 0.5m is typically sufﬁcient.

It is recommended to mark out a grid on the surface corresponding to the grid you wish to use. For small areas where point measurements will be made with the Rod Electrode this can be done by using a tape or by drawing the grid on the element. For large areas such as parking and bridge decks the wheel electrode is preferable. The integrated path measurement ensures the correct grid in the direction of measurement. To ensure the correct grid between parallel measurement paths marks can be drawn on the surface. Please note the 4-Wheel Electrode ensures a stable parallel grid and requires less marks to be drawn on the surface.

Choosing the appropriate electrode

Depending on the surface under test, it is necessary to choose which type of electrode will be employed. For small areas or areas that are difﬁcult to access, the small and light Rod Electrode will typically be used. For more accessible horizontal, vertical or overhead surfaces, it is much faster to use the 1-Wheel Electrode. For large horizontal surfaces the 4-Wheel Electrode is recommended for the reason of the signiﬁcantly faster automatic measurement in a pre-deﬁned grid.

Connect to the reinforcement

The ground cable must be connected to the reinforcement of the surface to be measured. This is usually done by chiseling or drilling to the reinforcement. In some cases it may be possible to use existing building elements that are connected to the reinforcement (e.g. water pipes, earth points). The connection to the reinforcement should be made with the least possible resistance. To this end it may be beneﬁcial to grind the reinforcement (e.g using an angle grinder) and to connect the cable with welding tongs. A secure connection can be also obtained by drilling a 25 mm hole into the concrete above the rebar, then drill a 4 mm hole into the rebar and insert a self tapping screw with attached lead into the hole in the steel. The connection should be tested for continuity. This requires at least one other point of the reinforcement to be exposed and to check the resistance between the two with an Ohmmeter. The connections should be situated as far as possible in opposing corner areas of the surface under test. The measured resistance should not be more than 1 Ω above the resistance of the cable used.

Page 34

Coated surfaces

It is not possible to make a measurement through an electrically isolating coating (e.g. an epoxy resin coating, sealing sheets or asphalt layers.) It is possible to make a measurement through thin dispersion coatings, that are often used, for example on the walls and ceiling of underground car parks, however this can cause a small shift of the potentials. It is always necessary to check whether or not a measurement can be made through a coating. To do this, potentials should be measured at a few locations

• in the ﬁrst place through the coating and

• with the coating removed

If possible, areas with largely varying potentials should be chosen. If there is no alteration of the potential, or if a shift of the potential can be compensated by a correction (e.g. V = ± 50 mV), then a measurement can be made directly on the coating. If not, then the coating must be removed before making the measurement.

Pre-moistening

The contact between the pore solution of the concrete and the probe can be impaired by a dried out concrete skin. This can greatly increases the electrical resisitivity of the concrete. It is therefore recommended to moisten the surface approximately 10 to 20 minutes before carrying out the measurement. If this is not possible, it must be ensured that the sponge on the Rod Electrode or the felt hoops on the wheel electrode are sufﬁciently moistened. In this case, when making a measurement, the probe must be held against the surface until a stable end value is reached. (If the surface is dry at the beginning of the measurement, it has to be moistened by the sponge on the probe so a stable value will not be present initially.) This is only possible with the Rod Electrode. Proceq provides an additional sponge that connects to the rod electrode in order to increase the overall surface contact area, to prevent testing immediately above a large aggregate. In the case of the wheel electrode with its continual automatic measure-

ment, it is not possible to monitor whether or not the measured value is stable. Therefore it is recommended to pre-moisten the surface in sections and to measure in intervals of a few minutes.

4.2.2. Corrosion Settings

Enter Settings from the Main Menu (see “2.2 Main Menu”); scroll up and down the screen by dragging your ﬁnger up or down the screen. The current setting is displayed on the right hand side. Tap on an item to modify it.

Measuring Mode (Electrode)

Adjustable after data storage

Settings Rod Wheel(s)

Probe Type

• •

Grid X Spacing

• •

Grid Y Spacing

• •

Enable Grid Limits

• •

Unit

• •

Yes

Measurement Path

•

Coarse Grid Factor

•

Auto Save

•

Direction of Next Line

• •

Potential Max Threshold (Highest)

• •

Yes

Potential Min Threshold (Lowest)

• •

Yes

Potential Range Palette

• •

Yes

Minimum Passive Limit

• •

Yes

Maximum Active Limit

• •

Yes

Half-cell Solution

• •

Page 35

Probe Type

Select between Rod, One Wheel and Four wheel depending on the electrode connected

Grid X Spacing

It determines the horizontal width of the measured cell (wheel electrode) or the horizontal distance between measured points (rod electrode).

Grid Y Spacing

It determines the vertical distance between two adjacent measuring lines (wheel electrode) or the vertical distance between measured points (rod electrode). In case of four wheel electrode it should be set equal to the distance between the wheels (150 mm, 250 mm or custom).

Enable Grid Limits

If set the user can deﬁne the maximum extent of the investigated area.

Unit Select Metric or Imperial

Measurement Path

It determines the direction of the measuring sequence when using the rod electrode (Left / Right / Up / Down)

Coarse Grid Factor

It determines how many times the coarse grid is larger than the XY-Grid already deﬁned. Example: when distance between measurement points in the XY-Grid is set to 150 mm and the Coarse Grid is set to 5, the distance between measurement points in the coarse grid is 5x 150 = 750 mm. This is useful for carrying out an initial sweep and switching to a ﬁne grid later for detailed investigations.

Auto Save

If selected, then measured values of < -50mV will be acquired automatically once the value has stabilized. If automatic measuring is not selected then values have to be acquired manually. In both cases, values > -50mV have to be acquired by manually.

Direction of Next Line

• Select Manual if the next line begins at the same x coordinate of the end point of the previous one, keeping the same direction.

• Select Inverted if the next line begins at the same x coordinate of the end point of the previous one, inverting direction.

• Select Return to start on new line if all the lines start at zero position, in the same direction.

At the beginning of each line (for the ﬁrst 100 cm / 40 inch) the direction as previously set will be displayed on the screen by four ﬂashing arrows and the user will have the option to invert it manually (see “4.2.3. CorrosionScan Mode”).

Potential Max Threshold (Highest)

It deﬁnes the highest (most positive) potential value associated with the display color palette.

Potential Min Threshold (Lowest)

It deﬁnes the lowest (most negative) potential value associated with the display color palette.

Potential Range Palette

Multicolor / Red / Blue / Gray

Minimum Passive Limit

It deﬁnes the lowest (most negative) potential value associated with a passive, non corroding area. It is displayed as a green vertical cursor in the Cumulative Distribution View and it deﬁnes the areas displayed in green in the Chipping Graph View (see “4.2.4. Corrosion Display Views”).

Page 36

Maximum Active Limit

It deﬁnes the highest (more positive) potential value associated with an actively corroding area. It is displayed as a red vertical cursor in the Cumulative Distribution View and it deﬁnes the areas displayed in red in the Chipping Graph View (see “4.2.4. Corrosion Display Views”).

Half-cell Solution

Cu/CuSO

(Copper / Copper sulphate), Ag/AgCl (Silver / Silver chloride) or Hg/Hg2Cl2 (SCE Calomel).. It is a label that is associated to the data ﬁle and displayed in the Profometer Link Software.

4.2.3. Corrosion-Scan Mode

The Corrosion-Scan is the only measurement mode available when the interface box is connected to the platform. The measurement window and the displayed settings depend on whether a Rod or Wheel electrode is selected as Probe Type.

NOTE! In case measuring data shall be stored create a folder in the Explorer (see “5. Explorer Document Handling”) and check if the correct folder is active.

Rod electrode

5678910

Figure 36: Corrosion-Scan Mode with rod electrode

File name: enter the ﬁle name and tap return. Saved measurements

will be stored with this ﬁle name. If several measurements are made under the same ﬁlename, a sufﬁx increments after each measurement and follows the ﬁle name. A ﬁle name given by the user ending already with a number will be incremented on next measurement based on this last number).

Interface box connected, current time, battery status.

Display of selected Settings:

• Probe Type

• Grid X Spacing

• Grid Y Spacing

• Grid Limits (if set)

• Coarse Grid Factor

Page 37

Zoom in by placing thumb and index ﬁnger together on the screen and spreading them apart. This can be used in both the horizontal and vertical directions when making a measurement.

Zoom out by placing thumb and index ﬁnger apart on the screen and pinching them together.

Pan the image from left to right by dragging. The potential values associated with each cell can be visualized by zooming in at the needed level.

Double tap: zoom to ﬁt the whole scan

4 Color palette of displayed potential values

Settings: switches to the settings menu

6 Start / stop measurement

7 Store measured data

8 Move to next line

9 Coarse Grid On / Off

Edit notes / Edit cell values / Reset all values: tap cell to edit

11 Probe position and horizontal distance from start

12 Actual measured potential value

13 Save actual measured value at cursor position and move cur-

sor to the next cell (deﬁned by the Measurement on Settings or Direction buttons on the screen)

Direction buttons: tap once to modify the measurement path as

deﬁned in Setting (framed in white). Tap on the framed button to actually move the cursor on the screen

In order to allow for an easier handling of the unit during the measurement, the Store (13) and Move to next line (8) buttons can be replicated

on the hard Keys.

Store measured data and move cursor to next cell

Toggle Hard Keys Mode On/Off (tap on screen to conﬁrm)

Move to next cell

Measurement procedure

The cursor begins by default in the top left hand corner of the screen.

• Press 6 to start the measurement sequence

• Moisten the foam rubber plug of the electrode with water and press it lightly onto the ﬁrst measuring point. The measured value will be shown in the 12 box. Once it stabilizes, a beep will indicate when the measurement has been acquired automatically. (if Auto Save is selected in Settings and the measured value is < -50mV) and the cursor will move to the next point to be measured. You can force the storing of the current value and move to the next cell by pressing 13.

Changing the cursor position can be done by tapping and dragging the cursor or using the Direction buttons 14.

• Following the measurement it should be possible to see a wet patch when applied on dry concrete. If this is not the case then the foam rubber plug should be moistened with water again.

• After the last point of a row you can press 8 and the cursor will move to the next line (zero or current point depending on the Direction of Next Line setting).

• You can switch anytime between Coarse and Fine grid by pressing 9; when coarse grid is activated the cursor will skip a number of cells deﬁned by the Coarse Grid Factor after storing or when moved with the Direction buttons. Skipped cells are diplayed in white.

• You can edit or delete the measured value at cursor position by pressing 10; alternatively the value can overwritten by simply positioning the cursor and storing the new measured value.

Page 38

• You can add text notes to a deﬁned area by tapping 10: just tap on the desired cells, conﬁrm with and enter your text; the selected area will be highlighted with a white transparent overlay. The note can be deleted anytime later by tapping on the area and pressing .

After storage (tap 7), the data can be seen in the Corrosion-Scan View, Distribution View, Cumulative Distribution View, Chipping Graph View, Chipping Graph ASTM (see “4.2.4. Corrosion Display Views”).

One wheel and four wheel electrode

567810

Figure 37: Corrosion-Scan Mode with one and four wheel electrode

File name: enter the ﬁle name and tap return. Saved measurements

Interface box connected, current time, battery status.

Display of selected Settings:

• Probe Type

• Grid X Spacing

• Grid Y Spacing

• Grid Limits (if set)

Zoom in by placing thumb and index ﬁnger together on the screen and spreading them apart. This can be used in both the horizontal and vertical directions when making a measurement.

Zoom out by placing thumb and index ﬁnger apart on the screen and pinching them together.

Pan the image from left to right by dragging. The potential values associated with each cell can be visualized by zooming in at the needed level.

Double tap: zoom to ﬁt the whole scan

4 Color palette of displayed potential values

Settings: switches to the settings menu

6 Start / stop measurement

7 Store measured data

Rotate probe (only four wheel electrode) in the ﬁrst 1 m / 40 inch

of a new line

Direction button: in the ﬁrst 1 m / 40 inch of a new line it switches

the direction of the scan (default direction is deﬁned under Direction of Next Line setting)

10 Move to next line

Edit notes / Edit cell values / Reset all values: tap cell to edit

12 Probe position and horizontal distance from start

Page 39

13 Actual measured potential value(s)

14 Skip distance

15 Skip button

Speed bar: green until maximum suggested speed of 1m/s

In order to allow for an easier handling of the unit during the measurement, the Start / Stop (6) and Move to next line (10) buttons can be replicated on the hard Keys.

Start / Stop

Toggle Hard Keys Mode On/Off (tap on screen to conﬁrm)

Move to next line

Measurement procedure

The cursor begins by default in the top left hand corner of the screen.

• Press 6 and start the measurement along the ﬁrst line: the potential will be continuously measured and the lowest value in the cell will be stored. Note that when using the four wheel electrode the long cursor will display an highlighted segment corresponding always to the ﬁrst wheel.

• Changing the cursor position can be done by tapping and dragging the cursor (tap on the cursor and wait until it becomes white and orange) or using the Skip function (see “3.2.2 Single-Line Mode”).

• At the end of the line press 10 and the cursor will move to the next line, at zero or current position depending on what deﬁned in Settings under Direction of Next Line.

• At the beginning of each line (for the ﬁrst 100 cm / 40 inch) the default direction deﬁned in the Direction of Next Line setting is displayed on the screen by four ﬂashing arrows. You can manually change the direc-

tion (button 9) and the orientation of the four wheel electrode (button

8).

• After the ﬁrst 100 cm / 40 inch the line will automatically be oriented in the set direction, regardless of the actual rotating direction of the wheel.

• At any time you can edit or delete any measured cell value by pressing 11; alternatively the values can be overwritten by simply repeating the scan and storing the new measured values.

• You can add text notes to a deﬁned area by tapping 11: just tap on the desired cells, conﬁrm with

and enter your text; the selected area will be highlighted with a white transparent overlay. The note can be deleted anytime later by tapping on the area and pressing .

After storage (tap 7), the data can be seen in the Corrosion-Scan View, Distribution View, Cumulative Distribution View, Chipping Graph View, Chipping Graph ASTM (see “4.2.4 Corrosion Display Views”).

Page 40

4.2.4. Corrosion Display Views

Measured data can be displayed in ﬁve different views: Corrosion-Scan View, Distribution View, Cumulative Distribution View, Chipping Graph View, Chipping Graph ASTM. All the settings stored with the measurements can be changed afterwards. The views will change accordingly; to store the measuring series with the changes tap Store.

NOTE! Each View can be changed in a measuring mode in order to add data. Tap on . Set the cursor to the new starting position and continue with the measurements (see “4.2.3 Corrosion Measurement Modes”). All data and settings will be stored in the reopened ﬁle.

Figure 38: Corrosion-Scan View

The Corrosion-Scan View provides an area mapping of the measured potential values. The cells where no potential value was measured are displayed in white. You can zoom and scroll to any desired location, change

the color palette and the Potential Thresholds under Settings to enhance the readability and highlight the desired details. Text notes can be added to any cell or group of cells as described in 4.2.3 Corrosion-Scan Measurement Mode.

Distribution View

Figure 39: Distribution View

On the horizontal axis the potential values are displayed; the vertical bars show the percentage of the respective potential values measured and stored; you can adjust the horizontal scale with the Zoom button. The vertical cursor bar can be moved to any potential value; the ﬁgure on the left of the cursor bar shows the percentage of measured values smaller than the cursor position and the value on the right shows the percentage of measured values larger than the cursor position. In the upper right corner the median, minimum and maximum values are displayed, together with the number of measurements and the current interval set with the

Page 41

vertical cursor. If the surface under test has both actively corroding as well as passive rebars, then the two states exhibit two distinct partially overlapping distributions, with the corroding areas centered on a more negative potential.

Cumulative Distribution View

Figure 40: Cumulative Distribution View

The cumulative distribution graph is used to determine the active and passive potential thresholds that will affect the Chipping Graph, discriminating actively corroding areas from passive areas where no corrosion is to be expected. If the surface under test has both actively corroding as well as passive rebars, then the curve will typically exhibit a central region with a lower gradient (more ﬂat). The two points where the gradient changes can be marked on the screen by dragging the two vertical cursors.The red cursor will deﬁne the maximum (most positive) potential value expected of the active distribution.

The green cursor will deﬁne the minimum (most negative) potential of the passive distribution. Active corrosion is to be expected in the region of the left hand (more negative) straight section. Once these cursor lines have been set, the surfaces in this potential range will be automatically displayed in the corresponding color in the Chipping Graph View.

NOTE! It is always advisable to perform direct visual check on open locations in order to conﬁrm/reﬁne the expected corrosion potential thresholds

Chipping Graph View

Figure 41: Chipping Graph View

Page 42

The Chipping Graph View provides an area mapping of the measured potential values with a ﬁxed green/yellow/red color palette referring to the thresholds set in the Cumulative Distribution View. An immediate overview is then provided discriminating the actively corroding areas (red) from the passive areas (green) and the uncertain regions (yellow). You can zoom and scroll to any desired location and add text notes to any cell or group of cells as described in 4.2.3 Corrosion-Scan Measurement Mode.

NOTE! It is always advisable to perform direct visual check on open locations in order to conﬁrm/reﬁne the expected corrosion potential thresholds.

Chipping Graph ASTM

Figure 42: Chipping Graph ASTM

NOTE! It is always advisable to perform direct visual check on open locations in order to conﬁrm/reﬁne the expected corrosion potential thresholds.

The Chipping Graph ASTM is a Chipping Graph View with the potential thresholds suggested by ASTM C 876-09, Appendix X1, assigning a 90% probability of corrosion ongoing to the areas more negative than -350 mV, and a 90% probability of no corrosion to the areas more positive than

-200 mV, judging uncertain the behavior in the regions in between the two thresholds. An immediate overview is then provided discriminating the actively corroding areas (red) from the passive areas (green) and the uncertain regions (yellow). You can zoom and scroll to any desired location and add text notes to any cell or group of cells as described in 4.2.3 Corrosion-Scan Measurement Mode.

Page 43

5. Explorer Document Handling

From the main menu select Explorer to review saved ﬁles. If folders have been created as suggested in the ﬁrst note of “3.2.2. Cover Meter Measurement Modes” the folders are shown in the ﬁrst lines from top (see following ﬁgure).

• Tap on a saved ﬁle to open it.

• Return to the Explorer list by pressing the back button.

• To delete a ﬁle tap in the check box to the left of the ﬁle and delete it.

• Tap on

to access the ﬁles stored in it.

• To create a new folder tap on , write the name and tap on

• To cut/copy a ﬁle/ﬁles tap on to the left of the ﬁle(s) to become and tap on /

• To insert/copy a ﬁle tap on to open the folder and tap on

The cut and insert functions are useful in case a ﬁle is/ﬁles are stored in the wrong folder or a speciﬁc folder was only created after the ﬁles have been stored in the main level. Below the subfolder “Inclined Rebar” is open

Name of folder (in the main level only \ is shown)

• Tap on the ﬁrst with the name “..” to go back to the upper folder Download measuring ﬁles to an USB stick:

• Connect the USB-stick to the USB Device plug on the left side of the Profometer Touchscreen

• Click on the checkbox of each ﬁle to be downloaded and click on

• The name of the downloaded ﬁle is “PM-Product version_Year_ Month_Day_Time”

Upload pdf-ﬁles from an USB-stick:

• Create the folder “PQ-Import” in the main directory of the USB-stick

(not as a subfolder in another folder) and ﬁll it with all the pdf-ﬁles to be uploaded to the Profometer Touchscreen

• Go to Information/Documents

• Connect the USB-stick to the USB Device plug on the left side of the

Profometer Touchscreen

• Click on

and conﬁrm with click on

The uploaded pdf-ﬁles appear on the bottom of the document list.

Page 44

6. Ordering Information

6.1 Units

Part No. Description

392 10 001 Profometer 600 consisting of Profometer touchscreen,

universal probe with ruggedized cart, probe cable 1.5 m (5 ft), power supply, USB cable, chalk, DVD with software, documentation, carrying strap and carrying case

392 20 001 Profometer 630 AI consisting of Profometer

touchscreen, universal probe with ruggedized cart, probe cable 1.5 m (5 ft), power supply, USB cable, chalk, DVD with software, documentation, activation key, carrying strap and carrying case

392 30 001 Profometer 650 AI consisting of Profometer

touchscreen, universal probe with ruggedized cart, probe cable 1.5 m (5 ft), power supply, USB cable, chalk, DVD with software, documentation, activation key, carrying strap and carrying case

392 50 001 Profometer Corrosion consisting of Profometer

touchscreen, interface box, battery charger, cable coil l=25 m (82 ft) with clamp, USB cable, DVD with software, documentation, carrying strap and carrying case

392 50 010 Profometer Corrosion rod electrode, with spare parts,

cable and copper sulphate (250g)

330 01 001 Profometer Corrosion one wheel electrode, with

telescopic handle, encoder, cables, spare parts, tool kit, copper sulphate (250g), citric acid (250g)

330 01 004 Profometer Corrosion four wheel electrode, with

telescopic handle, encoder, cables, spare parts, tool kit, copper sulphate (250g), citric acid (250g), carrying case

6.2 Upgrades

Part No. Description

392 00 115 Software Upgrade from Profometer 600 to 630 AI

392 00 116 Software Upgrade from Profometer 630 AI to 650 AI

392 00 201 Upgrade kit from Profometer 630 to 630 AI consisting

of software upgrade (activation key) and ruggedized cart for Profometer 6 universal probe

392 00 202 Upgrade kit from Profometer 650 to 650 AI consisting

of software upgrade (activation key) and ruggedized cart for Profometer 6 universal probe

392 50 002 Upgrade kit to Profometer Corrosion consisting of in-

terface box, cable coil, l=25 m (82 ft) with clamp, DVD with software, documentation and carrying case

392 50 003 Upgrade kit to Profometer 600 Cover Meter consisting

of universal probe with ruggedized probe cart, probe cable 1.50m (5ft), software upgrade to cover meter

6.3 Parts and Accessories

Part No. Description

392 40 010 Profometer touchscreen

327 01 033 Battery complete

351 90 018 USB-cable 1.8 m (6 ft)

327 01 061 Power supply

711 10 013 Power supply cable USA 0.5 m (1.7 ft)

711 10 014 Power supply cable UK 0.5 m (1.7 ft)

711 10 015 Power supply cable EU 0.5 m (1.7 ft)

Page 45

327 01 045 Carrying strap complete

392 00 112 Profometer 6 carrying case

392 40 020 Profometer 6 Universal probe

327 01 050 Profometer 6 Probe cable 1.5 m (5 ft)

325 34 018S Chalk (set of 10)

392 50 080 Profometer Corrosion carrying case

392 50 100 Interface box

330 00 286 Cable coil, l=25 m (82 ft), with clamp

392 40 040 Telescopic extension rod for universal probe 1.6 m (5.3

ft) with probe cable 3 m (10 ft)

327 01 063 Profometer 6 probe cable 3 m (10 ft)

327 01 068 Profometer 6 probe cable 10 m (33 ft)

392 00 004S Profometer 6 self-adhesive protective ﬁlm for probe (set

of 3)

330 00 322 Telescopic extension rod for rod electrode, with 3 m

cable

330 01 225 Cable clip for telescopic extension

392 50 011 Rod electrode cable, 1 lead, l=1.5 m (5 ft) for Profo-

meter Corrosion, including spade terminal adapter for third party electrodes

327 01 053 Quick Charger (external)

356 00 082 Display antiglare protection ﬁlm for touchscreen unit

7. Technical Speciﬁcations

Profometer 6 Cover Meters

Cover measuring range Up to 185 mm (7.3 inch)

Cover measuring accuracy

± 1 to ± 4 mm (0.04 to 0.16 inch)

Measuring resolution Depending on diameter and cover

Path measuring accuracy on smooth Surface

± 3 mm (0.12 inch) + 0.5% to 1.0% of measured length

Diameter measuring range Cover up to 63 mm (2.50 inch), Diam-

eter up to 40 mm (# 12)

Diameter measuring accuracy

± 1 mm (± # 1) on single rebar

Standards and guidelines BS 1881-204, DIN 1045,

DGZfP B2, SN 505262, SS 78-B4, DBV guidelines, CE certiﬁcation

Profometer Corrosion

Voltage measuring range

-1000 to + 1000 mV

Voltage resolution

1 mV

Impedance

100 MΩ

Sampling rate

900 Hz

Standards and guidelines

ASTM C876, RILEM TC 154- EMC, DGZfP B3, SIA 2006, UNI 10174, JGJ/T 152, JSCE E 601, CE certiﬁcation

Page 46

Profometer Touchscreen Universal

Display

7” colour display 800x480 pixels

Memory

Internal 8 GB ﬂash memory

Regional settings

Metric and imperial units and multilanguage and timezone supported

Power input

12 V +/-25 % / 1.5 A

Dimensions

250 x 162 x 62 mm

Weight (of display device)

1525 g (incl. battery)

Battery

3.6 V, 14 Ah

Battery lifetime

> 8h (in standard operating mode)

Humidity

< 95 % RH, non condensing

Operating temperature

-10°C to +50°C

IP classiﬁcation

Touchscreen IP54, universal probe IP67

NOTE! For the full ASTM C876 compliance, depending on the maximum aggregate size of the investigated concrete, the user may have to provide the larger contact sponge than supplied with the rod electrode.

8. Maintenance and Support

8.1 Maintenance and Cleaning

To guarantee consistent, reliable and accurate measurements, the instru ment should be calibrated on a yearly basis. The customer may however, determine the service interval based on his or her own experience and usage. Do not immerse the instrument in water or other ﬂuids. Keep the housing clean at all times. Wipe off contamination using a moist and soft cloth. Do not use any cleaning agents or solvents. Do not open the housing of the instrument yourself.

Maintenance of the Rod Electrode

• Unscrew the two caps, wash with water and carefully clean the inner

side of the tube.

• Clean the copper rod using emery cloth.

• Reﬁll the electrode with copper sulphate (See section “4.2.1. Prelimi-

nary Operations”)

Maintenance of the Wheel Electrode

• Remove the felt hoops and wash in lukewarm water.

• Remove the plastic ﬁlling screw and pour the copper sulphate solution

into a container. (This can be reused.)

• Flush out several times with water.

• Dissolve 1 part citric acid in 10 parts hot water and half ﬁll the wheel.

• Replace the ﬁlling screw.

• Leave for 6 hours, shaking occasionally.

• Pour out the citric acid solution (no special disposal procedure is re-

quired) and ﬂush out several times with water.

• Reﬁll the electrode with copper sulphate solution. (See section “4.2.1.

Preliminary Operations”)

Page 47

• Replace the felt hoops. The felt hoop connector must be in place between the dampening nozzle and the wooden plug of the wheel electrode.

• When not in use, store the wheel electrode with the wooden plug facing upwards.

NOTE! When handling copper sulphate be careful to take note of the safety instructions on the packaging.

8.2 Support Concept

Proceq is committed to providing a complete support service for this instrument by means of our global service and support facilities. It is recommended that the user register the product on www.proceq.com to obtain the latest on available updates and other valuable information.

8.3 Standard Warranty and Extended Warranty

The standard warranty covers the electronic portion of the instrument for 24 months and the me chanical portion of the instrument for 6 months. An extended warranty for one, two or three years for the electronic portion of the instrument may be purchased up to 90 days of date of purchase.

8.4 Disposal

Disposal of electric appliances together with household waste is not permissible. In observance of European Directives 2002/96/EC, 2006/66/EC and 2012/19/EC on waste, electrical and electronic equipment and its implementation, in accordance with national law, electric tools and batteries that have reached the end of their life must be collected separately and returned to an environmentally compatible recycling facility.

9. Profometer Link Software

9.1 Starting Profometer Link

Locate the ﬁle “Profometer Link Setup.exe” on your computer or on the DVD and click on it. Follow the instructions on the screen.

Make sure that the “Launch USB Driver install” tick is selected. The USB driver installs a virtual com port which is needed to communicate with the Profometer Touchscreen Unit.

Double click on the Profometer Link Icon on your desktop or start the Link via the start menu. The Link starts with a blank list.

Application Settings

The menu item “File - Application Settings” allows the user to select the language, the date and time format and the color scheme of the displayed results (suggested background preference: black background when viewing on the monitor and white background when the results are to be printed).

Page 48

9.2 Connecting to a Profometer Touchscreen Unit

Connect the Profometer Touchscreen Unit to a USB port, then select to download data from the Profometer Touchscreen Unit. The following window will be displayed: Select “USB” as the communication type. Click on “Next >”.

When a Profometer Unit has been found its details will be displayed on screen. Click on the “Finish” button to establish the connection

Click on “Next >”. When a Profometer Touchscreen Unit has been found its details will be displayed on screen. Click on the “Finish” button to establish the connection.

Measurement ﬁles stored on the device will be displayed as shown on the left; choose whether to see only Cover meter ﬁles, Corrosion ﬁles or both by ﬂagging the related box on top of the window.

Select one or more measurements and click “Download”.

9.3 Viewing Cover Meter Data

The selected measurements on your Profometer Touchscreen Unit will be displayed on the screen:

• Click on a folder to access the ﬁles stored in it or to paste-in other ﬁles.

• Click on the double arrow icon in the ﬁrst column to see more details.

By clicking on the respective colored words one can switch:

• Among Views Snapshot, Statistics, Single-Line, Multi-Line, Area-

Scan and Cross-Line View.

• In Statistics View, results are displayed either for the Scan-X or Scan-Y

(when measurements done in the Cross-Line Mode).

• In Single-Line View, when measurements are obtained in the Cross-Line,

Multi-Line and Area-Scan Mode, the Scan-X and Scan-Y results are displayed separately for each scan performed. Additionally the Cover curve, Signal Strength curve or no curve can be selected. When viewing the results with the Cover curve or Signal Strength curve, the rebar number, cover, traversed distance and diameter of the individual rebar can be displayed by setting the cursor on the rebar. By right clicking on the rebar, the user can Mask/Unmask or change the set diameter.

• In Multi-Line and Cross-Line Views among Display Measurement Cov-

er, Diameter and Signal Strength. When Signal Strength is set, you may click on Sharpen and adjust the color spectrum with the O- and G- sliders.

• Between Statistics Normal and DBV.

Settings can be changed except the ones used for measurements like Measuring Ranges, Display Inclined Rebars, Return to start on new Line, Line Height and Grid Width.

Page 49

9.4 Viewing Corrosion Data

The selected measurements on your Profometer Touchscreen Unit will be displayed on the screen:

• Click on a folder to access the ﬁles stored in it or to paste-in other ﬁles.

By clicking on respective colored words one can switch between Corrosion-Scan View, Distribution View, Cumulative Distribution View, Chipping Graph View, Chipping Graph ASTM. Please refer to “4.2.4 Corrosion Display Views” for the related explanations. Zoom level can be adjusted by the lens / zoom buttons in the top right corner (The following settings related to the data display can be edited (see “4.2.2. Corrosion Settings”):

• Unit

• Potential Max Threshold (Highest)

• Potential Min Threshold (Lowest)

• Potential Range Palette

• Minimum Passive Limit

• Maximum Active Limit

9.5 Editing and moving data ﬁles

By right click with the cursor in a marked cell of the column “unit” the unit can be changed for the marked measurements.

By holding the cursor on

the information about, hardware,

software and probe is displayed.

NOTE! Click on “Add” to attach a comment to the object.

Sample of Cross-Line View, Cover

To paste or delete measurements select one or more rows then right click the mouse and choose one of these options: “Cut/ Copy” or “Delete”. To paste in another folder click on it and right click paste.

Sample of View with very large numbers of measurements

To see more data, drag the slider to the right.

Page 50

Adjusting date and time

Right click in the “Date & Time” column.

The time will be adjusted for the selected series only. The menu item “Edit – Delete” allows you to delete one or more selected series from the downloaded data.

NOTE! This does not delete data from the Profometer Touchscreen Unit, only data in the current project.

The menu item “Edit – Select all”, allows the user to select all series in the project for deletion, exporting etc.

9.6 Exporting Data

Profometer Link allows you to export selected objects or the entire project for use in third party programs. Click on the measurement object you wish to export. It will be highlighted as shown.

Click on the “Export as CSV ﬁle(s)” icon. The data are exported as a Microsoft Ofﬁce Excel comma separated ﬁle or ﬁles. The export options may be chosen in the following window:

Select “Export detailed cover data” to export the entire calculated concrete cover curve values and not only individual cover values over reinforcing bars. When “Include raw data” is selected, the exported data will include the raw values as measured by the two coils within the probe in addition to the calculated cover curve data.

Click on the “Export as graphic” icon to open the following window which allows the various export options to be chosen.

In both cases, the preview window shows the effects of the current output selection.

Page 51

NOTE! Prior to exporting set the desired View, unit, curve in the corresponding ﬁle

9.7 Merging Corrosion Scans

Open the ﬁrst ﬁle you want to combine and click the Add button . A “Merge settings” window will pop up, where you have the option to select the desired rotation by 90° increment. Once Ok is clicked, the “Merge Corrosion Data” window will display the current selected data. You can add any other ﬁle to the same window by clicking its Add button and specifying the desired rotation and the positioning of its zero origin coordinate, related to the new axis in the “Merge Corrosion Data Window”.

Two restraints apply:

• The ﬁle to be added has to have the same x and y grid size (after rotation) of the previous one(s).

• The insert coordinate (X and Y) has to lay on a grid point (it has to be a multiple of x and y grid size respectively).

Once all the desired ﬁles are added to the “Merge Corrosion Data” window, you can save the resulting ﬁle with a new Name.

9.8 Further Functions

The following menu items are available via the icons at the top of the screen:

“PQUpgrade” icon - Allows you to upgrade your ﬁrmware via the internet or from local ﬁles.

“Open project” icon – Allows you to open a previously saved .pqm project.

“Save project” icon – Allows you to save the current project.

“Print” icon – Allows you to print out the project. You may select in the printer dialog, if you want to print out all of the data or selected readings only.

Page 52

10. Appendices

10.1 Appendix A1: Rebar Diameters

Following rebar diameters can be selected:

Metric Imperial Japanese

Bar size

Diam. (mm)

Bar size Diam.

(inch)

Diam (mm)

Bar size

Diam. (mm)

6 6 #2 0.250 6 6 6

7 7 #3 0.375 10 9 9

8 8 #4 0.500 13 10 10

9 9 #5 0.625 16 13 13

10 10 #6 0.750 19 16 16

11 11 #7 0.875 22 19 19

12 12 #8 1.000 25 22 22

13 13 #9 1.125 29 25 25

14 14 #10 1.250 32 29 29

... ... #11 1.375 35 32 32

35 35 #12 1.500 38 35 35

36 36 38 38

37 37

38 38

39 39

40 40

10.2 Appendix A2: Neighboring Bar Correction

Following rebar spacings can be selected:

Metric, Imperial cm,

Japanese

Imperial

inch

5 cm 2.0

inch

6 cm 2.4

inch

7 cm 2.8

inch

8 cm 3.2

inch

9 cm 3.6

inch

10 cm 4.0

inch

11 cm 4.4

inch

12 cm 4.8

inch

13 cm 5.2

inch

10.3 Appendix A3: Minimum / Maximum Cover

Following covers can be selected:

Metric,

Imperial

mm,

Japanese

Imperial

inch

10 mm 0.40 inch

11 mm 0.44 inch

... mm ... inch

141 mm 5.52 inch

142 mm 5.56 inch

up to 190 mm up to 7.48 inch

Page 53

Made in Switzerland

Proceq Europe

Ringstrasse 2 CH-8603 Schwerzenbach Phone +41-43-355 38 00 Fax +41-43-355 38 12 info-europe@proceq.com

Proceq UK Ltd.

Bedford i-lab, Priory Business Park Stannard Way Bedford MK44 3RZ United Kingdom Phone +44-12-3483-4515 info-uk@proceq.com

Proceq USA, Inc.

117 Corporation Drive Aliquippa, PA 15001 Phone +1-724-512-0330 Fax +1-724-512-0331 info-usa@proceq.com

Proceq Asia Pte Ltd

12 New Industrial Road #02-02A Morningstar Centre Singapore 536202 Phone +65-6382-3966 Fax +65-6382-3307 info-asia@proceq.com

Proceq Rus LLC

Ul. Optikov 4 korp. 2, lit. A, Ofﬁce 410 197374 St. Petersburg Russia Phone/Fax + 7 812 448 35 00 info-russia@proceq.com

Proceq Middle East

P. O. Box 8365, SAIF Zone, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates Phone +971-6-557-8505 Fax +971-6-557-8606 info-middleeast@proceq.com

Proceq SAO Ltd.

Rua Paes Leme, 136, cj 610 Pinheiros, São Paulo Brasil Cep. 05424-010 Phone +55 11 3083 38 89 info-southamerica@proceq.com

Proceq China

Unit B, 19th Floor Five Continent International Mansion, No. 807 Zhao Jia Bang Road Shanghai 200032 Phone +86 21-63177479 Fax +86 21 63175015 info-china@proceq.com