Princeton ProEM-HS User Manual

Download

ProEM-HS

Camera System

4411-0149

Issue 2

July 6, 2015

Revision History

Issue Date List of Changes

Issue 2 July 6, 2015 Issue 2 of this document incorporates the following changes:

• Added ProEM-HS: 1024BX3

• General cleanup and document reorganization.

Issue 1 December 11, 2014 This is the initial release of this document.

3660 Quakerbridge Rd Trenton, NJ 08619 TEL: 800-874-9789 / 609-587-9797 FAX: 609-587-1970

Printed in the United States of America.

BASE, IntelliCal, OptiCAL, PICam, PINS, and Unichrome are trademarks of Roper Scientific, Inc.

eXcelon, LightField, ProEM, and PVCAM are registered trademarks of Roper Scientific, Inc.

Intel is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries.

LabVIEW is a registered trademark of National Instruments, Inc.

LEMO is a registered trademark of INTERLEMO HOLDING SA

Scientific Imaging ToolKit and SITK are trademarks of R Cubed Software Consultants, LLC.

Windows and Windows Vista are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.

The information in this publication is believed to be accurate as of the publication release date. However, Princeton Instruments does not assume any responsibility for any consequences including any damages resulting from the use thereof. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. Revision of this publication may be issued to incorporate such change.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: About this Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

1.1 Intended Audience. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

1.2 Related Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

1.3 Document Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

1.4 Conventions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13

1.5 Safety Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

1.5.1 Safety Related Symbols Used in this Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

1.6 Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

1.6.1 UV Coating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15

Chapter 2: ProEM-HS Camera System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

2.1 ProEM-HS Camera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

2.1.1 EMCCD Technology and On-Chip Multiplication Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

2.1.2 Integrated Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

2.1.3 Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

2.1.4 CCD Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

2.1.5 Cooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

2.1.5.1 Internal Fan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

2.1.5.2 External Cooling Circulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

2.1.5.3 Coolant Ports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

2.1.6 Rear-Panel Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

2.2 Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22

2.3 Certificate of Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

2.4 ProEM-HS System User Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

2.5 Application Software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

2.6 Minimum Host Computer Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

2.6.1 LightField Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

2.6.2 WinX Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

2.7 Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

2.7.1 CoolCUBE

2.7.2 Spectroscopy Mounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

2.8 ProEM-HS Camera and System Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

2.8.1 Camera. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

2.8.2 Optical Surfaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

2.8.3 Repairs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

Coolant Circulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

Chapter 3: System Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

3.1 System Configuration Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30

4 ProEM-HS User Manual Issue 2

Chapter 4: System Setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

4.1 Unpack the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

4.2 Verify Equipment and Parts Inventory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

4.3 Attaching a Lens to a C-Mount Adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

4.3.1 Mounting the Lens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

4.3.2 Adjusting the C-Mount Adapter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

4.4 Mounting the Adjustable C- to Spectroscopy-Mount Adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

4.4.1 Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

4.5 Positioning ProEM-HS Masks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

4.6 Opening/Closing ProEM-HS Manual Shutter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

4.7 Connect a CoolCUBEII Circulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

4.8 Application Software Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

4.8.1 LightField. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

4.8.2 WinX Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

4.9 Configure Default Camera System Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

4.9.1 LightField. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

4.9.2 WinX (Versions 2.6.10 or later). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Chapter 5: LightField First Light. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

5.1 Imaging Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

5.1.1 System Set Up and Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

5.1.2 Data Acquisition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

5.2 Spectroscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

5.2.1 System Set Up and Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

5.2.2 Rotational Alignment and Focus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

5.2.2.1 Acton Series Spectrograph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

5.2.2.2 IsoPlane SCT-320 Spectrograph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

5.2.3 Data Acquisition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

5.3 System Shutdown. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Chapter 6: WinX/32 First Light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

6.1 Power On Sequencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

6.2 Imaging Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

6.2.1 Equipment Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

6.2.2 Configure ProEM-HS Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

6.2.3 Focus the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

6.2.4 Acquire Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

6.3 Spectroscopy Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

6.3.1 Equipment Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

6.3.2 Configure ProEM-HS Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

6.3.3 Configure Spectrograph Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

6.3.4 Verify Shutter Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74

6.3.5 Rotational Alignment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

6.3.5.1 Acton Series Spectrograph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

6.3.5.2 IsoPlane SCT-320 Spectrograph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

6.3.6 Focus the System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

6.3.6.1 Acton Series Spectrograph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

6.3.6.2 IsoPlane SCT-320 Spectrograph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

6.3.7 Data Acquisition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

6.4 Power Down Sequencing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Table of Contents 5

Chapter 7: Exposure and Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

7.1 Exposure Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81

7.2 Avalanche Gain {EM Gain} . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82

7.3 EM Gain Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83

7.4 CCD Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84

7.5 Dark Charge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85

7.6 Bias Active Stabilization Engine (BASE™). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85

7.7 Clock Induced Charge (CIC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85

7.8 Saturation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86

7.9 Cleaning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87

7.10 Readout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89

7.10.1 Dual-Readout Port Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90

7.10.2 Controller Gain {Analog Gain}. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91

7.10.3 Readout Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92

7.10.4 Regions of Interest (ROI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92

7.10.4.1 LightField . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93

7.10.4.2 WinX/32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93

7.10.4.3 WinX/32 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93

7.10.5 Binning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94

7.10.5.1 Array Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94

7.10.6 Exposure - Readout Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95

7.10.6.1 Frame Transfer Mode (Simultaneous Exposure-Readout) . . . . . . . .95

7.10.6.2 Full Frame (Sequential) Mode for Frame-Transfer EMCCD . . . . . .98

7.10.6.3 Full Frame Readout for Full Frame EMCCD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99

7.10.7 Readout Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100

Chapter 8: Experiment Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

8.1 Shutter Control Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101

8.2 Timing Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102

8.2.1 Free Run {No Response} . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102

8.2.2 External Sync {Readout Per Trigger} . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103

8.2.3 Bulb Trigger {Expose During Trigger Pulse} Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104

8.2.4 Trigger Start {Start On Single Trigger} . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105

8.3 Fast and Safe Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105

8.3.1 Fast Mode (LightField and WinX/32). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105

8.3.2 Safe Mode (WinX/32) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107

8.4 LOGIC OUT Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107

Chapter 9: Kinetics Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

9.1 Kinetics Readout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110

9.2 Timing Modes and Shutter Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113

9.3 Triggered Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113

9.4 Cleaning the CCD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115

9.5 Configure a Kinetics Experiment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115

9.5.1 Configure LightField. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116

9.5.2 Configure WinX/32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117

9.6 Spectra-Kinetics Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118

Chapter 10: Custom Chip Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

10.1 Software Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124

10.2 Custom Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126

6 ProEM-HS User Manual Issue 2

Chapter 11: High Speed Camera Add-In . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

11.1 Imaging Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

11.2 Spectroscopy Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Chapter 12: Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

12.1 Counter the Effects of Aging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

12.2 Maximize Throughput with the Right Vacuum Window Coating. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

12.3 Reduce Spectral Readout Time using Custom Chip Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

12.3.1 LightField Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

12.3.2 WinX/32 Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

Chapter 13: Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

13.1 Acquisition Started but Data Display is Empty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

13.2 Acquisition Started but Viewer Contents Do Not Update. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

13.3 Baseline Signal Suddenly Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

13.4 Camera Not Found. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

13.5 Camera Stops Working . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

13.6 Camera1 (or similar name) in Camera Name field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

13.7 Cooling Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

13.7.1 Temperature Lock Cannot be Achieved or Maintained. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

13.7.2 Gradual Deterioration of Cooling Capability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

13.8 Data Overrun Due to Hardware Conflict Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

13.9 Device is Not Found . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

13.10Device is Occupied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

13.11Ethernet Network is Not Accessible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

13.11.1WinX/32 Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

13.11.2LightField Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

13.12Program Error Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

13.13Serial Violations Have Occurred. Check Interface Cable. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

13.14Smeared Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

13.15TEC Fault LED Comes On . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154

13.16WinX/32 or LightField Crashes When Adding GigE Camera to System . . . . . . . . 155

Appendix A: Technical Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

A.1 Mechanical Dimensions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

A.2 CCD Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

A.3 General Camera Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

A.3.1 Default Operating Temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

A.3.2 Vacuum Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

A.4 Input Power Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

A.5 Environmental Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

A.5.1 Ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

A.6 Mounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

A.7 Optical Focal Distance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

A.8 CoolCUBE

Circulator Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

Appendix B: Outline Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

B.1 ProEM-HS Camera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

B.2 ProEM-HS Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

B.3 CoolCUBEII Circulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

List of Figures 7

Appendix C: Mounting a ProEM-HS to a Spectrograph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

C.1 Acton to ProEM-HS with 3.60” Flange-Mount . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168

C.1.1 Installation Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168

C.2 IsoPlane to ProEM-HS with 3.60” Flange Mount. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169

C.2.1 Installation Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169

C.3 Acton to ProEM-HS with C- to Spectroscopy-Mount Adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170

C.3.1 Installation Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170

C.4 Acton SP-2350/SP-2550 to ProEM-HS with Adjustable C- to Spectroscopy-Mount . .

172

C.4.1 Installation Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172

C.5 Acton SP-2150/SP-2750 to ProEM-HS with Adjustable C- to Spectroscopy-Mount . .

173

C.5.1 Installation Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173

Appendix D: WinX/LightField Cross Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

D.1 WinX-to-LightField Terminology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175

D.2 LightField to WinX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177

Declaration of Conformity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

Warranty & Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

Limited Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181

Basic Limited One (1) Year Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181

Limited One (1) Year Warranty on Refurbished or Discontinued Products. . . . . . .181

XP Vacuum Chamber Limited Lifetime Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181

Sealed Chamber Integrity Limited 12 Month Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182

Vacuum Integrity Limited 12 Month Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182

Image Intensifier Detector Limited One Year Warranty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182

X-Ray Detector Limited One Year Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182

Software Limited Warranty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182

Owner's Manual and Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183

Your Responsibility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183

Contact Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184

List of Figures

Figure 2-1: Typical ProEM-HS System Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

Figure 2-2: ProEM-HS Frame Transfer versus Kinetics EMCCD Array

Figure 2-3: ProEM-HS Rear-Panel Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

Figure 3-1: Typical Imaging Experiment Layout with Air-cooled Camera. . . . . . . .30

Figure 3-2: Typical Spectroscopy Experiment Layout with Air-cooled Camera. . . .31

Figure 3-3: Typical Spectroscopy Experiment Layout with Air-cooled Camera

Figure 3-4: Typical Imaging Experiment Layout with Air/Liquid-cooled Camera . .32 Figure 3-5: Typical Spectroscopy Experiment Layout with Air/Liquid-cooled

Figure 4-1: Adjustable C-Mount Adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35

Figure 4-2: Adjustable C- to Spectroscopy-Mount Adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37

Figure 4-3: Front View of ProEM-HS Camera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38

Figure 4-4: Front View of ProEM-HS Camera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39

Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

and IsoPlane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31

Camera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32

8 ProEM-HS User Manual Issue 2

Figure 4-5: Typical LightField InstallShield Wizard Dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Figure 4-6: Typical WinX Setup Dialog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Figure 4-7: LightField Experiment Workspace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Figure 4-8: Typical WinX Camera Detection Wizard Dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Figure 5-1: Light Path Block Diagram for ProEM-HS Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Figure 5-2: Available Devices Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Figure 5-3: Experiment Devices Area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Figure 5-4: View Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Figure 5-5: View Area Displaying an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Figure 5-6: Available Devices Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Figure 5-7: Experiment Devices Area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Figure 5-8: View Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Figure 5-9: Spectrometer Alignment: Before Rotational Alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Figure 5-10: Spectrometer Alignment: After Rotational Alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Figure 6-1: Block Diagram for a ProEM-HS System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Figure 6-2: Typical WinView/32 Hardware Setup Dialog: Controller/

Camera Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Figure 6-3: Typical WinView/32 Detector Temperature Dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Figure 6-4: Typical WinView/32 Experiment Setup Dialog: Timing Tab . . . . . . . . 66

Figure 6-5: Typical WinSpec/32 Hardware Setup Dialog: Controller/

Camera Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Figure 6-6: Typical WinSpec/32 Detector Temperature Dialog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Figure 6-7: WinSpec/32 Experiment Setup Dialog: Timing Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Figure 6-8: Typical Define Spectrograph Dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Figure 6-9: Typical Install/Remove Spectrograph Dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Figure 7-1: Clean Cycles Timing Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Figure 7-2: EMCCD Array Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Figure 7-3: Binning and Array Orientation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

Figure 7-4: Frame Transfer Mode Timing Diagram: Exposure Time <

Readout Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

Figure 7-5: Frame Transfer Mode Timing Diagram: Exposure Time >

Readout Time97

Figure 7-6: Typical EMCCD Array Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

Figure 7-7: Timing Diagram: Full Frame Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

Figure 7-8: Full Frame at Full Resolution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

Figure 8-1: Free Run Timing Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

Figure 8-2: External Sync Timing Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

Figure 8-3: Timing Diagram: Bulb Trigger {Expose During Trigger Pulse}. . . . . 104

Figure 8-4: Flowchart: Safe Mode versus Fast Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

Figure 8-5: Timing Diagram: Logic Out Level Comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

Figure 9-1: Configuring Kinetics Readout in LightField . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

Figure 9-2: Configuring Kinetics Readout in WinX/32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

Figure 9-3: Partial Illumination of CCD for Kinetics Mode in

ProEM-HS: 512BX3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

Figure 9-4: Kinetics Data Acquired Based on Masked Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

Figure 9-5: Timing Diagram: Kinetics Data Acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

Figure 9-6: Experiment Setup Dialog: Timing Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Figure 9-7: Shutter and Trigger Expanders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Figure 9-8: Kinetics Operation Example: Single Trigger {Readout Per Trigger} . 114 Figure 9-9: Kinetics Operation Example Multiple Trigger {Shift Per Trigger}. . . 115

List of Figures 9

Figure 9-10: Typical Kinetics Experiment Hardware Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . .115

Figure 9-11: Example of Masking for Spectra-Kinetics: 20 Rows Exposed . . . . . . .118

Figure 10-1: EMCCD Array: Custom Chip {Custom Sensor} Feature . . . . . . . . . . .121

Figure 10-2: Read Out Rates for ProEM-HS: 512BX3 Standard ROI vs.

Custom Chip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122

Figure 10-3: Read Out Rates for ProEM-HS: 1024BX3 Standard ROI vs.

Custom Chip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123

Figure 10-4: WinX Hardware Setup Dialog: Custom Chip Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124

Figure 10-5: LightField Custom Sensor Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125

Figure 10-6: LightField: Custom Timing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126

Figure 10-7: WinX/32: Vertical Shift. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127

Figure 11-1: Typical Add-ins Tab with High Speed Camera Expander . . . . . . . . . .129

Figure 11-2: High Speed Camera Configuration: Imaging Applications. . . . . . . . . .130

Figure 11-3: Typical Add-ins Tab with High Speed Camera Expander . . . . . . . . . .131

Figure 11-4: High Speed Camera Configuration: Spectroscopy Applications. . . . . .132

Figure 12-1: Anti-Reflective Coatings: Vacuum Window Transmission Data . . . . .136

Figure 12-2: LightField Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139

Figure 12-3: Typical Easy Bin Dialog.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140

Figure 12-4: Typical Readout Time Dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .140

Figure 12-5: Typical Hardware Setup Dialog: Custom Chip Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141

Figure 12-6: Typical Readout Time Dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141

Figure 12-7: Typical Hardware Setup Dialog: Custom Chip Tab, Skip

Serial Register Clean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142

Figure 12-8: Typical Readout Time Dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142

Figure 13-1: Acquisition Display and Invalid ROI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144

Figure 13-2: Acquisition Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145

Figure 13-3: Camera Not Found Dialog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146

Figure 13-4: Camera1 in Camera Name Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147

Figure 13-5: Editing Camera Name in Notepad. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147

Figure 13-6: Editing Camera Name in Notepad. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147

Figure 13-7: Data Overrun Due to Hardware Conflict Dialog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149

Figure 13-8: Devices Missing Dialog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150

Figure 13-9: eBUS Driver Installation Tool Dialog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151

Figure 13-10: eBUS Driver Installation Tool Dialog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .152

Figure 13-11: Program Error Dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153

Figure 13-12: Serial Violations Have Occurred Dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154

Figure 13-13: Windows Start Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155

Figure 13-14: Device Manager Dialog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155

Figure 13-15: Right-Click Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155

Figure 13-16: Settings Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .156

Figure 13-17: System Settings Change Dialog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .156

Figure B-1: ProEM-HS Outline Drawing: C-Mount. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162

Figure B-2: ProEM-HS Outline Drawing: Spec-Mount . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163

Figure B-3: ProEM-HS Power Supply Outline Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164

Figure B-4: Outline Drawing: CoolCUBEII Circulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .165

Figure C-1: Acton to ProEM-HS with 3.60” Flange Mount. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168

Figure C-2: IsoPlane to ProEM-HS with 3.6: Flange Mount . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169

Figure C-3: Acton to ProEM-HS C- to Spectroscopy-Mount. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170

Figure C-4: Acton SP-2350/SP-2550 to ProEM-HS with Adjustable C- to

Spectroscopy-Mount [Kit Number: 7050-0104]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172

10 ProEM-HS User Manual Issue 2

Figure C-5: Acton SP-2150/SP-2750 to ProEM-HS with Adjustable C- to

Spectroscopy-Mount [Kit Number: 7050-0107] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

List of Tables

Table 1-1: Related Documentation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Table 2-1: ProEM-HS Rear-Panel Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Table 2-2: Standard ProEM-HS Camera System Cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Table 2-3: Cooling Port Coupling Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Table 2-4: Available Spectroscopy Mounts for the ProEM-HS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Table 3-1: System Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Table 6-1: WinView/32 Hardware Setup Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Table 6-2: WinView/32 Target Temperature Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Table 6-3: WinView/32 Experiment Setup Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Table 6-4: WinSpec/32 Hardware Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Table 6-5: WinSpec/32 Target Temperature Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Table 6-6: WinSpec/32 Experiment Setup Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Table 7-1: Comparison of Clock-Induced Charge and Dark Current . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

Table 7-2: Clean Cycle Configuration Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Table 7-3: Typical Controller Gains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Table 8-1: ProEM-HS LOGIC OUT Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Table 9-1: LightField Kinetics Parameter Configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

Table 9-2: WinX/32 Hardware Parameter Configuration for Kinetics . . . . . . . . . . 117

Table 9-3: WinX/32 Experiment Setup Configuration for Kinetics . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Table 9-4: Comparison of Kinetics and Spectra-Kinetics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

Table 12-1: LightField Default Configuration Values: Custom Chip/

Custom Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

Table 13-1: Issues with Recommended Troubleshooting Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

Table A-1: CCD Array Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

Table A-2: Default Operating Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

Table A-3: ProEM-HS Environmental Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

Table A-4: Focal Distance by Camera Mount . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

Table C-1: Spectrograph Adapter Kit and Installation Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

Table C-2: Required Hardware: Acton to ProEM-HS,3.60” Flange Mount. . . . . . . 168

Table C-3: Required Hardware: IsoPlane to ProEM-HS with 3.6” Flange Mount. . 169 Table C-4: Required Hardware: Acton to ProEM-HS C- to Spectroscopy-Mount . 170 Table C-5: Required Hardware: Acton SP-2350/SP-2550 to ProEM-HS with

Adjustable C- to Spectroscopy-Mount . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

Table C-6: Acton SP-2150/SP-2750 to ProEM-HS with Adjustable C- to

Spectroscopy-Mount. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

Table D-1: WinX-to-LightField Cross Reference. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

Table D-2: LightField-to-WinX Cross Reference. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

Chapter 1: About this Document

Thank you for purchasing a ProEM®-HS high-speed EMCCD camera system from Princeton Instruments. Your system has been thoroughly tested to meet Princeton Instruments’ exacting standards and to meet the demanding requirements of many low light level imaging applications.

Please read the manual carefully before operating the camera. This will help you optimize the many features of this camera to suit your research needs.

If you have any questions about the information contained in this manual, contact the Princeton Instruments customer service department. Refer to Contact Information on page 184 for complete contact information.

1.1 Intended Audience

This user manual is intended to be used by scientists and other personnel responsible for the installation, setup, configuration, and acquisition of imaging data collected using an ProEM-HS system.

This document provides all information necessary to safely install, configure, and operate the ProEM-HS, beginning with the system’s initial installation.

1.2 Related Documentation

Table 1-1 provides a list of related documentation and user manuals that may be useful

when working with the ProEM-HS camera system. To guarantee up-to-date information, always refer to the current release of each document listed.

Table 1-1: Related Documentation

Document Number Document Title

4411-0046 WinView Imaging Software User Manual

4411-0048 WinSpec Spectroscopy Software User Manual

– LightField 5 Online Help

4411-0125 LightField 4 User’s Manual

– ProEM-HS Camera System Data Sheet

Varies Spectrograph User Manual

Tech Note 14

a. Available for viewing or download at www.princetoninstruments.com/Uploads/Princeton/Docu-

ments/Whitepapers/onchipgain.pdf.

On-Chip Multiplication Gain

Current issues of Princeton Instruments and Acton manuals are available for downloaded from the following sites:

ftp://ftp.piacton.com/Public/Manuals/Princeton Instruments ftp://ftp.piacton.com/Public/Manuals/Acton

12 ProEM-HS User Manual Issue 2

1.3 Document Organization

This manual includes the following chapters and appendices:

• Chapter 1, About this Document

This chapter provides information about the organization of this document, as well as related documents, safety information, and conventions used throughout the manual.

• Chapter 2, ProEM-HS Camera System

This chapter provides information about the components included with a standard ProEM-HS camera system, as well as options that are available for purchase from Princeton Instruments.

• Chapter 3, System Installation

Cross-references system setup actions with the relevant manuals and/or manual pages. It also contains system layout diagrams.

• Chapter 4, System Setup

Provides detailed directions for mounting the detector to a spectrometer and for interconnecting the system components.

• Chapter 5, LightField First Light

Provides a step-by-step procedure for placing a ProEM-HS camera system in operation for the first time when using Princeton Instruments’ LightField 64-bit data acquisition software.

• Chapter 6, WinX/32 First Light

Provides a step-by-step procedure for placing a ProEM-HS camera system in operation for the first time when using Princeton Instruments’ WinSpec/32 data acquisition software.

• Chapter 7, Exposure and Signal

This chapter discusses the various factors that affect the signal acquired on the array, including array architecture, exposure time, temperature, and saturation.

• Chapter 8, Experiment Synchronization

Discusses standard timing modes, Fast and Safe speed modes, Logic Level control, and Kinetics mode.

• Chapter 9, Kinetics Mode

Provides information necessary to configure the ProEM-HS for Kinetics and Spectra-Kinetics operation.

• Chapter 10, Custom Chip Mode

Provides information necessary to configure custom chip modes on the ProEM-HS.

• Chapter 11, High Speed Camera Add-In

Provides information necessary to use the High Speed Camera Add-In with the ProEM-HS.

• Chapter 12, Tips

Provides tips about CCD aging, maximizing throughput, and reducing readout time.

• Chapter 13, Troubleshooting

Provides recommended troubleshooting information for issues which may be encountered while working with a ProEM-HS camera system.

Chapter 1 About this Document 13

• Appendix A, Technical Specifications

Provides CCD, system, and other basic specifications for a ProEM-HS system.

• Appendix B, Outline Drawings

Provides outline drawings of the various ProEM-HS cameras, the camera power supply, and the CoolCUBEII circulator.

• Appendix C, Mounting a ProEM-HS to a Spectrograph

Provides the information and procedures necessary to mount a ProEM-HS camera system to a spectrograph.

• Appendix D, WinX/LightField Cross Reference

Provides cross reference information for terminology used within the WinX and LightField application software packages.

• Declaration of Conformity

Provides a copy of the Declaration of Conformity for the ProEM-HS.

• Warranty & Service

Provides warranty information for the ProEM-HS. Contact information is also provided.

1.4 Conventions

The following conventions are used throughout this manual:

•WinX/32 is a generic term that is used to indicate one or more of the following data

acquisition software packages:

— WinSpec/32;

— WinView/32;

— WinXTest.

• WinX/32 and LightField often employ different terms for the same functions or

parameters. Unless a topic pertains only to WinX/32 or LightField, the following conventions are used:

— Curly Brackets {} denote LightField-specific terms or locations.

— When a topic pertains to both WinX/32 and LightField, the WinX/32 term is

immediately followed by the LightField term encased in curly brackets

For example:

Continuous Cleans {Clean Until Trigger}

—

Similarly, when a location for setting a parameter is mentioned, the WinX/32 location is immediately followed by the LightField location encased in curly brackets

{}.

For example:

Exposure Time is set on the Experiment Setup —> Main tab

{

Common Acquisition Settings expander}.

{}.

14 ProEM-HS User Manual Issue 2

WARNINGS!

WARNING!

CAUTION!

WARNING! RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK!

1.5 Safety Information

Before turning on the power supply, the ground prong of the power cord plug must be properly connected to the ground connector of the wall outlet. The wall outlet must have a third prong, or must be properly connected to an adapter that complies with these safety requirements.

1. If the ProEM-HS camera system is used in a manner not

specified by Princeton Instruments, the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired.

2. If the wall outlet is damaged, the protective grounding

could be disconnected. Do not use damaged equipment

until its safety has been verified by authorized personnel. Disconnecting the protective earth terminal, inside or outside the apparatus, or any tampering with its operation is also prohibited.

Inspect the supplied power cord. If it is not compatible with the power socket, replace the cord with one that has suitable connectors on both ends.

Replacement power cords or power plugs must have the same polarity and power rating as that of the original ones to avoid hazard due to electrical shock.

1.5.1 Safety Related Symbols Used in this Manual

The use of this symbol on equipment indicates that one or more nearby items should not be operated without first consulting the manual. The same symbol appears in the manual adjacent to the text that discusses the hardware item(s) in question.

The use of this symbol on equipment indicates that one or more nearby items pose an electric shock hazard and should be regarded as potentially dangerous. This same symbol appears in the manual adjacent to the text that discusses the hardware item(s) in question.

Chapter 1 About this Document 15

CAUTION!

1.6 Precautions

To prevent permanently damaging the ProEM-HS system, observe the following precautions at all times:

• The CCD array is very sensitive to static electricity. Touching the CCD can destroy

it. Operations requiring contact with the device can only be performed at the factory.

• When using high-voltage equipment (e.g., an arc lamp,) with the camera system, be

sure to turn the camera power ON LAST and turn the camera power OFF FIRST.

• When turning off and on the power supply, wait at least 10 seconds before

switching it on. the is switched too quickly.

• Use caution when triggering high-current switching devices near the system (e.g.,

an arc lamp.) The CCD can be permanently damaged by transient voltage spikes. If electrically noisy devices are present, an isolated, conditioned power line or dedicated isolation transformer is highly recommended.

• Do not block air vents on the camera. Preventing the free flow of air overheats the

camera and may damage it.

1.6.1 UV Coating

TEC Fault LED might come on if the power supply on/off state

If you have a camera with a UV (Lumogen or Unichrome™) coated CCD, protect it from unnecessary exposure to UV radiation. This radiation slowly bleaches the coating, reducing sensitivity.

16 ProEM-HS User Manual Issue 2

This page is intentionally blank.

Chapter 2: ProEM-HS Camera System

4411-0149_0001

PROEM-HS CAMERA

ETHERNET CARD

COOLANT HOSES

POWER SUPPLY AND CABLE

CERTIFICATE OF PERFORMANCE

PROEM-HS MANUAL WITH

CAT 5E/6 GIGABIT CABLE

MCX TO BNC CABLES

(100V/240V)

ENGTHS VARY)

M STANDARD)

OFTWARE MANUAL AND CD

This chapter provides in introduction to, and overview information about, Princeton Instrument’s ProEM-HS camera system. Figure 2-1 shows those items that are typically included as part of a standard ProEM-HS Camera System.

Figure 2-1: Typical ProEM-HS System Components

Standard items include:

• ProEM-HS Camera and Users Manual;

• Power Supply and Cable;

• Ethernet Card;

• Gigabit Ethernet cable;

• MCX to BNC Cable(s);

• Certificate of Performance;

• Data Acquisition Software;

• Coolant Hoses.

18 ProEM-HS User Manual Issue 2

Low Noise

For standard, high dynamic

range applications

Multiplication Gain

For high speed, low

light level applicationsapplications

Readout Amplifier

Output or Sensor Node

Extended Multiplication Register

d Serial Register

Frame-transfer Area

Sensor Area

High Voltage Clock

Readout Amplifier

Normal Voltage Clock

Standar

4411-0149_0002

2.1 ProEM-HS Camera

The ProEM-HS camera features on-chip multiplication gain, a technology that enables the multiplication of photon generated charge right on the CCD. This approach offers an effective alternative to traditional ICCD cameras for many non-gated, low-light applications.

The back-illuminated EMCCDs with dual amplifiers ensure optimal performance not only for applications that demand the highest available sensitivity but also for those requiring a combination of high quantum efficiency and wide dynamic range.

Deep thermoelectric cooling and state-of-the-art electronics are employed to help suppress system noise. Imaging cameras can be operated at up to 30 MHz for high-speed imaging (20 MHz for ProEM-HS:512BX3 systems,) or slower for high-precision photometry. Spectroscopy cameras can be operated at up to 8 MHz. Increased frame rates are achievable via subregion readout.

2.1.1 EMCCD Technology and On-Chip Multiplication Gain

The primary difference between an Electron-Multiplying CCD (EMCCD) and a traditional CCD is an extended serial register in the EMCCD device. See Figure 2-2.

Figure 2-2: ProEM-HS Frame Transfer versus Kinetics EMCCD Array Structures

Electrons are accelerated from pixel to pixel in the extended portion of the serial register (also referred to as a multiplication register) by applying higher-than-typical CCD clock voltages. This causes secondary electrons to be generated in the silicon by impact ionization. The degree of multiplication gain is controlled by increasing or decreasing the clock voltages for this register (gain is exponentially proportional to the voltage.) Although the probability of generating secondary electrons is fairly low (typically 0.01 per stage,) over the large number of stages of a typical multiplication register, the total gain can be quite high.

Chapter 2 ProEM-HS Camera System 19

NOTE:

CAUTION!

This technology combines the ease of use and robustness of a traditional CCD with the gain capabilities of an intensified CCD in a single device. The combination of this technology with frame-transfer readout makes the ProEM-HS cameras excellent choices for experiments where fast framing and low light sensitivity are required.

As the on-chip multiplication introduces additional noise, it is recommended that the multiplication be used only as required. For more information, refer to the “On-Chip Multiplication

Gain” technical note available for viewing or download here:

www.princetoninstruments.com/Uploads/Princeton/ Documents/Whitepapers/onchipgain.pdf

2.1.2 Integrated Controller

The ProEM-HS camera is regulated by an internal controller which converts input signals from the host computer to appropriate control signals for the camera. These signals include extensive capabilities for synchronizing the operation of the ProEM-HS system with the rest of an experiment. The controlling electronics also collect analog signals from the CCD, digitize them, and sends them to the host computer.

The ProEM-HS allows read rates, binning parameters, and regions of interest to be configured and controlled by the data acquisition software. For instance, if an experiment requires rapid image acquisition, then the CCD’s on-chip binning can be set to increase frame rates.

2.1.3 Power

All voltages required by ProEM-HS cameras are generated and delivered by an external power supply included with each ProEM-HS camera.

Refer to Section A.4, Input Power Specifications, on page 158 for complete specification information.

2.1.4 CCD Arrays

The ProEM-HS camera systems are the most advanced EMCCD cameras available on the market today, utilizing the latest low-noise read out electronics and back-illuminated EMCCDs to deliver single photon sensitivity. In addition, these cameras feature, for the first time, the latest Gigabit Ethernet (GigE) interface that allows remote operation over a single cable without the need for custom frame grabbers. The all metal, hermetic vacuum seals used in the ProEM-HS cameras are warrantied for life, the only such guarantee in the industry. The EMCCD with eXcelon3 technology offers the lowest etaloning in the NIR, and enhanced QE in blue and red.

For complete specifications and information about CCDs used in ProEM-HS cameras, refer to Table A - 1, CCD Array Specifications, on page 157.

Use of a power supply other than that provided with the ProEM-HS camera will void the camera warranty. For specific power supply requirements, contact Princeton Instruments. Refer to Contact Information on page 184 for complete information.

20 ProEM-HS User Manual Issue 2

NOTE:

2.1.5 Cooling

Dark current is reduced in ProEM-HS camera systems through thermoelectric cooling of the CCD arrays. Cooling by this method uses a Peltier cooler in combination with air circulation provided by an internal fan and/or circulating coolant. To prevent condensation and contamination from occurring, cameras cooled this way are evacuated. Due to CCD size/packaging differences, the lowest achievable temperature can vary from one ProEM-HS model to the next. Refer to Tab l e A - 2 , Default Operating Temperature, on page 158 for specific cooling information.

A feature of air-cooled ProEM-HS cameras is software control of the fan On/Off status. When vibration may affect results, the user can turn off the fan operation while making sure that the coolant is circulating through the camera to maintain the CCD cooling temperature.

When operating a ProEM-HS camera at or above 20 MHz and binning is used, it is recommended that the camera be configured for a slightly lower temperature set point than usual. Heat generated by the CCD may result in the camera's temperature drifting/warming and not remaining in a locked temperature state. The recommended temperature is -50°C.

2.1.5.1 Internal Fan

The ProEM-HS camera is equipped with an internal cooling fan that:

• Removes heat from the Peltier device that cools the CCD array, and

• Cools the electronics.

An internal Peltier device directly cools the cold finger on which the CCD is mounted. Air drawn into the camera through the back of the camera removes the heat produced by the Peltier device and then vents out through the slots on the side panels. By default, the fan is always in operation and air-cooling of both the Peltier and the internal electronics takes place continuously. In most cases, the low-vibration fan action does not adversely affect the image. However, if vibration would reduce image quality and the ProEM-HS is also being cooled via a coolant circulator, the fan can be turned off.

For the fan to function properly, uninhibited air circulation must be maintained between the sides of the camera and the laboratory atmosphere.

2.1.5.2 External Cooling Circulator

In addition to using an internal fan to remove heat, ProEM-HS cameras can be cooled by circulating coolant to provide a low vibration system for data acquisition. Although the coolant circulator can be any commercially available circulator provided it is capable of continuously pumping a 50:50 mixture of room temperature (23ºC) water and ethylene glycol at 1 liter per minute, Princeton Instruments’ CoolCUBE

to Section 2.7.1, CoolCUBE desired, contact Princeton Instruments for additional recommendations.

is an ideal solution. Refer

Coolant Circulator, on page 26 for additional information. If

2.1.5.3 Coolant Ports

Two inlet/outlet ports on the side of the ProEM-HS camera allow it to be connected to a Princeton Instruments CoolCUBE

Circulator.

Chapter 2 ProEM-HS Camera System 21

4411-0149_0003

2.1.6 Rear-Panel Connectors

Figure 2-3 illustrates the rear-panel connectors on a ProEM-HS camera.

Figure 2-3: ProEM-HS Rear-Panel Connectors

Refer to Table 2-1 for information about each rear-panel connector.

Table 2-1: ProEM-HS Rear-Panel Connectors

Label Description

Shutter

Power Power input from external power supply provided with the ProEM-HS system

EXT SYNC 0-+3.3 V

LOGIC OUT 0 to +3.3 V programmable TTL-compatible logic level output. The output of this

Gig-E Gigabit Ethernet connector. Used with the Cat 5e/6 Gigabit Ethernet cable (supplied)

LEMO® connector for driving an external shutter equipped with a 25 mm connector. Stop data acquisition and turn off the power supply before connecting to or disconnecting from this connector.

NOTE: When an internal shutter is installed, this connector cannot drive an external

shutter.

TTL-compatible logic level input with a 10 k pull-up resistor. Allows data

acquisition and readout to be synchronized with external events. Positive or negative (default) edge triggering can be selected. For information about Synchronization and Timing Modes, refer to Chapter 8, Experiment Synchronization, on page 101.

connector can be programmed and can also be inverted via the application software. For complete information about each output signal, refer to Section 8.4, LOGIC OUT

Control, on page 107.

interconnecting the camera and the GigE interface card in the host computer. A high quality cable must be used to preserve data integrity during transmission. The cable can extend the distance between camera and the host computer by more than 50 m.

22 ProEM-HS User Manual Issue 2

2.2 Cables

Table 2-2 describes the cables included with a standard ProEM-HS Camera System.

Table 2-2: Standard ProEM-HS Camera System Cables

Cable Part Number Description/Purpose Length

Ethernet 6050-0621 Cat 5e/6 Ethernet cable. Connects the ProEM-HS

camera to the host computer.

The detector and the computer may be more than 50 meters apart. Contact the factory to order longer cables.

MCX to BNC 6050-0540 Two MCX to BNC adapter cables are included. These

connect to the EXT SYNC and the LOGIC OUT connectors on the rear of the ProEM-HS.

Power 6050-0673 Connects the ProEM-HS detector to the power supply. 3 m

5 m

[16.4 ft]

Va ri e s

[9.8 ft]

Chapter 2 ProEM-HS Camera System 23

2.3 Certificate of Performance

Each ProEM-HS camera is shipped with a Certificate of Performance which states that the camera system has been assembled and tested according to approved Princeton Instruments procedures. It documents the camera’s performance data as measured during the testing of the ProEM-HS and lists the following camera- and customer-specific information:

• Sales Order Number;

• Purchase Order Number;

• Camera Serial Numbers

This information is useful when contacting Princeton Instruments Customer Support.

2.4 ProEM-HS System User Manual

The ProEM-HS System User Manual describes how to install, configure, and use a ProEM-HS camera and its components.

2.5 Application Software

Princeton Instruments offers a number of data acquisition software packages for use with ProEM-HS camera systems, including:

• LightField

The ProEM-HS camera can be operated using LightField,

Princeton Instruments’ 64-bit Windows package. LightField combines complete control over Princeton Instruments’ cameras and spectrographs with easy-to-use tools for experimental setup, data acquisition and post-processing. LightField makes data integrity priority #1 via automatic saving to disk, time stamping and retention of both raw and corrected data with full experimental details saved in each file. LightField works seamlessly in multi-user facilities, remembering each user’s hardware and software configurations and tailoring options and features accordingly. The optional, patent-pending IntelliCal™ package is the highest-performance wavelength calibration software available, providing up to 10X greater accuracy across the entire focal plane than competing routines.

A PDF version of the LightField User Manual is provided on the installation CD. The manual describes how to install and use the LightField application program. Additional information is available in the program's online help.

• PICam™

The standard 64-bit software interface for cooled CCD cameras from Princeton Instruments. PICam is an ANSI C library of camera control and data acquisition functions. Currently, the interface supports Windows Vista and Windows 7.

• Scientific Imaging ToolKit™ (SITK™)

A collection of LabVIEW third party software can be purchased from Princeton Instruments.

7 compatible software

VIs for scientific detectors and spectrographs. This

24 ProEM-HS User Manual Issue 2

NOTE:

• WinX

The ProEM-HS camera can be operated by using either WinView/ 32 or WinSpec/32, Princeton Instrument's 32-bit Windows® software packages designed specifically for high-end imaging and spectroscopy, respectively. The Princeton Instruments' software provides comprehensive image/spectral capture and display functions. The package also facilitates snap-ins to permit advanced operation. Using the optional built-in macro record function, you can also create and edit your own macros to automate a variety of operations. WinView and WinSpec take full advantage of the versatility of the ProEM-HS camera and even enhance it by making integration of the detection system into larger experiments or instruments an easy, straightforward endeavor.

The WinX User Manual describes how to install and use the application program. A PDF version of the manual is provided on the installation CD. Additional information is available in the program's online help.

• PVCAM

A standard software interface for cooled PDA, FPA, and CCD detectors from Roper Scientific. It is a library of functions that can be used to control and acquire data from the detector when a custom application is being written. For example, in the case of Windows, PVCAM is a Dynamic Link Library (DLL.) Also, it should be understood that PVCAM is solely for detector control and image acquisition, not for image processing. PVCAM places acquired images into a buffer, where they can then be manipulated using either custom written code or by extensions to other commercially available image processing packages.

ProEM-HS cameras may also be operated by several other third-party software packages. Please check with the providers of the packages for compatibility and support information.

Chapter 2 ProEM-HS Camera System 25

NOTE:

2.6 Minimum Host Computer Specifications

Computers and operating systems experience frequent updates. Therefore, the following sections are intended to provide minimum system requirements for operating a ProEM-HS camera.

A faster computer with 5 GB or larger memory (RAM) greatly enhance the software performance during live mode operations.

Contact the factory to determine specific requirements.

2.6.1 LightField Requirements

• Windows

• 2 GHz dual core processor

• 4 GB RAM (or greater)

• CD-ROM drive

• Super VGA monitor and graphics card supporting at least 65535 colors with at least

128 MB of memory. Memory requirement is dependent on desired display resolution.

• Hard disk with a minimum of 1 GB available for installation. Additional space is

required for data storage: the amount of space required depends on the number and size of images/spectra collected. Disk level compression programs are not recommended. Drive speed of 10,000 RPM recommended.

• Mouse or other pointing device.

7/8 (64-bit)

will

2.6.2 WinX Requirements

• Windows

• 2 GHz Pentium

• 1 GB RAM (or greater)

• CD-ROM drive

• At least one unused PCI card slot (PCI 2.3 compliant 32-bit 33/66 MHz bus)

• Super VGA monitor and graphics card supporting at least 65535 colors with at least

128 MB of memory. Memory requirement is dependent on desired display resolution.

• Hard disk with a minimum of 1 GB available. A complete installation of the

program files takes about 50 MB and the remainder is required for data storage, depending on the number and size of images/spectra collected. Disk level compression programs are not recommended. Drive speed of 10,000 RPM recommended.

• Mouse or other pointing device.

XP (32-bit with SP3 or later)

4 (or greater)

26 ProEM-HS User Manual Issue 2

CAUTION!

WARNING!

2.7 Accessories

Princeton Instruments offers a number of optional accessories that are compatible with ProEM-HS. This section provides information about each of them. For complete ordering information, contact Princeton Instruments.

2.7.1 CoolCUBEII Coolant Circulator

Princeton Instruments’ CoolCUBEII circulator can be used to cool the ProEM-HS by continuously pumping

coolant that is a 50:50 mixture of:

• Room temperature water, and

• Ethylene glycol.

This mixture is pumped through the ProEM-HS chamber at a rate of 1 liter per minute.

Two 10 mm (3/8”) ID, 3 meter (10 ft) long coolant hoses are supplied with each system. These hoses mate with the ProEM-HS fittings (part number 2550-0630.) Additional hoses can be ordered separately from Princeton Instruments.

To prevent voiding the ProEM-HS warranty, only use the circulator and hoses that have been provided with the system.

Table 2-3 provides information about the nozzles and barbs that comprise the coolant ports.

Table 2-3: Cooling Port Coupling Information

Description Manufacturer Part Number

QDC (Low Profile) Male Shutoff Nozzles

VL2 Quick Disconnect Low-Spill Coupling, Female Panel Barb for ID 10mm (3/8in)

a. www.koolance.com

Koolance

Koolance VL2-F10B-P

VL2-MG

When using a third-party chiller, it is imperative that the coolant temperature never falls below the Dew Point in order to avoid permanent damage to the ProEM-HS camera.

Contact Princeton Instruments for further information.

Chapter 2 ProEM-HS Camera System 27

2.7.2 Spectroscopy Mounts

Refer to for information about available spectroscopy mounts for the ProEM-HS camera system.

Table 2-4: Available Spectroscopy Mounts for the ProEM-HS

Part Number Description

7050-0083 C- to Spectroscopy-Mount Adapter

7050-0107

Adjustable C- to Spectroscopy-Mount Adapter

28 ProEM-HS User Manual Issue 2

WARNING!

2.8 ProEM-HS Camera and System Maintenance

Turn off all power to the equipment and secure all covers before cleaning the units. Otherwise, damage to the equipment or injury to you could occur.

2.8.1 Camera

Although there is no periodic maintenance that is required for a ProEM-HS camera, users are advised to wipe it down with a clean damp cloth from time to time. This operation should only be done on the external surfaces and with all covers secured. In dampening the cloth, use clean water only. No soap, solvents or abrasives should be used. Not only are they not required, but they could damage the finish of the surfaces on which they are used.

2.8.2 Optical Surfaces

The ProEM-HS camera has an integrated shutter that protects the camera window from dust when not in use. Should a need to clean the optical window arise due to the accumulation of atmospheric dust, we advise that the drag-wipe technique be used. Before starting the procedure, run the camera and disable the shutter open to get access to the window. Then, dip a clean cellulose lens tissue into clean anhydrous methanol and drag the dampened tissue over the optical surface to be cleaned. Do not allow any other material to touch the optical surfaces. Pay extra attention if the optical window is coated with AR (antireflection) materials as they can be susceptible to scratches. Please contact factory if you have any questions.

2.8.3 Repairs

Because the ProEM-HS camera system contains no user-serviceable parts, repairs must be performed by Princeton Instruments. Should your system need repair, contact Princeton Instruments customer support for instructions. Refer to Contact Information on page 184 for complete contact information.

Save all original packing materials and use them whenever shipping the system or system components.

Chapter 3: System Installation

Perform the following procedure to install the system and prepare to collect data. Refer to the indicated references for detailed information:

Table 3-1: System Installation (Sheet 1 of 2)

Action Refer to…

1. If the system components have not already been

unpacked, unpack them and inspect their carton(s) and the system components for in-transit damage.

2. Verify that all system components have been

received.

3. If the components show no signs of damage, verify

that the appropriate power cord has been supplied with the power supply.

4. If the Ethernet adapter card provided with the system

is not already installed in the host computer, install it.

5. If the application software is not already installed in

the host computer, install it.

6. Depending on application, attach lens to the camera

or mount the camera to a spectrograph.

Section 4.1, Unpack the System, on

page 33.

Section 4.2, Verify Equipment and Parts Inventory, on page 34.

–

Refer to the manufacturer's instructions.

Section 4.8, Application Software Installation, on page 40, and relevant

software manuals.

Section 4.3, Attaching a Lens to a CMount Adapter, on page 34;

Section 4.4, Mounting the Adjustable Cto Spectroscopy-Mount Adapter, on

page 36;

Appendix C, Mounting a ProEM-HS to a Spectrograph, on page 167.

7. With the power supply disconnected from the

camera, connect the Ethernet cable to the GigE

connector on the rear of the camera and to the

Ethernet port on the installed Ethernet card.

8. Air-Cooled System: Plug the power supply into the

rear of the camera and plug the power supply into the power source.

Liquid Cooling (optional): Make the hose connections to the camera and plug the circulator into the power source. Add coolant if necessary. Turn on the circulator.

9. Turn the camera on.

10. Turn on the computer and launch the data acquisition

software.

–

Section 4.7, Connect a CoolCUBEII Circulator, on page 39.

–

Relevant software manual

30 ProEM-HS User Manual Issue 2

4411-0149_0004

POWER SUPPLY

ETHERNET CABLE

POWER CABLE

GIGE

IG-E CARD

COOLANT

COOLANT CIRCULATOR

COOLANT COOLANT

100-240 V

AMPLE

CAMERA

HOST COMPUTER

100-240 V

OSES

Table 3-1: System Installation (Sheet 2 of 2)

Action Refer to…

11. Enter the hardware setup information.

12. Set the target array temperature.

13. When the system reaches temperature lock, wait an

additional 20 minutes before beginning data acquisition in focus mode.

14. Adjust the focus for the best image or spectral lines.

• LightField: Use the Align Spectrometer

function.

• WinX: Use the Focus Helper function for

spectroscopy applications.

Relevant software manual

Section 7.4, CCD Temperature, on

page 84.

LightField:

• Imaging: Section 5.1.2, Data

Acquisition, on page 49;

• Spectroscopy: Section 5.2.3, Data

Acquisition, on page 59;

WinX:

• Imaging: Section 6.2.3, Focus the

System, on page 67;

• Spectroscopy: Section 6.3.6,

Focus the System, on page 78;

•

Imaging: Section 5.1.2, Data

Acquisition, on page 49;

• Spectroscopy: Section 5.2.3, Data

Acquisition, on page 59;

• Imaging: Section 6.2.3, Focus the

System, on page 67;

• Spectroscopy: Section 6.3.6,

Focus the System, on page 78;

3.1 System Configuration Diagrams

This section provides block diagrams of typical system configurations.

Figure 3-1: Typical Imaging Experiment Layout with Air-cooled Camera

Chapter 3 System Installation 31

4411-0149_0005

POWER SUPPLY

ETHERNET CABLE

POWER CABLE

GIGE

IG-E CARD

SPECTROMETER

100-240 V

AMPLE

CAMERA

HOST COMPUTER

4411-0149_0006

POWER

ETHERNET CABLE

POWER

GIGE

IG-E CARD

SPECTROGRAPH

100-240 V

AMPLE

CAMERA

HOST COMPUTER

OPTIONAL

SHUTTER

CONNECTION

GIGE

SUPPLY

CABLE

Figure 3-2: Typical Spectroscopy Experiment Layout with Air-cooled Camera

Figure 3-3: Typical Spectroscopy Experiment Layout with Air-cooled Camera and

IsoPlane

32 ProEM-HS User Manual Issue 2

Figure 3-4: Typical Imaging Experiment Layout with Air/Liquid-cooled Camera

Figure 3-5: Typical Spectroscopy Experiment Layout with Air/Liquid-cooled Camera

Chapter 4: System Setup

NOTE:

To minimize risk to users or to system equipment, turn the

system OFF before any cables are connected or disconnected.

A ProEM-HS camera system includes the following items:

• ProEM-HS Camera;

• Power supply;

• GigE adapter card;

• Cables:

— Ethernet;

— Power;

— MCX-to-BNC.

All required items should be included with the shipment. The ProEM-HS system has been specially configured and calibrated to match the camera options specified at the time of purchase. The CCD window and coatings that were ordered have been installed in the camera head.

Keep all the original packing materials so that the ProEM-HS system can be easily and safely to another location or returned for service if necessary. If assistance is required at any time, call Princeton Instruments Customer Support. For contact information, refer to

Contact Information on page 184.

Hardware installation consists of:

• Installing a dedicated GigE interface card.

• Attaching a lens to a C-mount on the camera or to a C- to F-mount adapter.

• Mounting the camera to a spectrograph (for spectroscopy applications).

Software installation depends on the specific data acquisition software being used. Refer to the manual supplied with the software for information about installation and configuration.

4.1 Unpack the System

When unpacking the system, examine the system components for possible signs of shipping damage. If there are any, notify Princeton Instruments and file a claim with the carrier. Be sure to save the shipping carton for inspection by the carrier. If damage is not apparent but system specifications cannot be achieved, internal damage may have occurred in shipment. Please save the original packing materials so you can safely ship the camera system to another location or return it to Princeton Instruments for repairs if necessary.

34 ProEM-HS User Manual Issue 2

CAUTION!

4.2 Verify Equipment and Parts Inventory

Verify that all equipment and parts required to set up the ProEM-HS system have been delivered. A typical system consists of:

• Camera

• Power Supply

• Host Computer: Can be purchased from Princeton Instruments or provided by user.

For enhanced performance, a fast hard drive (10,000 rpm) and 2 GB RAM is recommended.

• Operating System:

— WinView/32 or WinSpec/32: Windows XP, 32-bit, SP3 or later

— LightField: Windows 7 (64-bit)

• Computer Interface Components:

— Ethernet Cable: 15 ft (5 meter) cable (6050-0621) is standard.

— GigE Interface Card (provided with the ProEM-HS system)

• External Sync and Logic Out Cables: MCX-to-BNC adapter cables.

• Hoses: Two coolant hoses with ProEM-HS-compatible quick-disconnects.

• ProEM-HS System User Manual

• Application Software:

— WinView/32 or WinSpec32 (Ver. 2.6.10 or later) CD-ROM (optional)

— LightField CD-ROM (optional)

• Software User Manual (provided with application software)

4.3 Attaching a Lens to a C-Mount Adapter

Overexposure protection: Cameras exposed to room light or

other continuous light sources will quickly become saturated. Set the lens to the smallest aperture (i.e., largest f-number,) and cover the lens with a lens cap to prevent overexposure.

ProEM-HS cameras for imaging applications incorporate an integrated C-mount adapter.

Other mounts may be available. Consult the factory for specific information relating to specific requirements. Refer to Contact Information on page 184 for complete contact information.

Chapter 4 System Setup 35

NOTES:

4.3.1 Mounting the Lens

C-mount lenses screw into the front of the ProEM-HS camera. Tighten the lens by hand only.

1. If the CCD is cooled to low temperatures (below -50°C),

exposure to ambient light will over-saturate it. This may increase dark charge significantly. If the camera remains saturated after all light sources are removed, you may have to bring the camera back to room temperature to restore dark charge to its original level.

2. Saturation is not harmful to a non-intensified camera, but it

should be avoided.

4.3.2 Adjusting the C-Mount Adapter

Figure 4-1: Adjustable C-Mount Adapter

36 ProEM-HS User Manual Issue 2

NOTE:

CAUTION!

The ProEM-HS features an adjustable C-mount adapter that allows you to change the focal depth. Use the hex key supplied with your system (or a 0.050" hex key) to loosen the setscrew securing the adapter. Using a spanner wrench or equivalent (distance between holes is 3.85” [97.8 mm]), rotate the ring to the desired height. Tighten the screw to lock the adapter in place.

To lock the setscrew, the face of the adapter should be no further than 0.1" (2.5 mm) out from the front surface of the camera nose.

The C-mount lens thread-depth should be 0.21" (5.33 mm) or less. Otherwise, depending on the adapter in-out location, the lens could bottom out and damage the shutter. If you are not certain of the thread depth, remove the adapter from the camera nose, thread the lens into the adapter until the lens threads are flush with the back surface of the adapter. Note the depth at the front surface, remove the lens, and then re-insert the adapter into the camera nose.

4.4 Mounting the Adjustable C- to Spectroscopy-Mount Adapter

The adjustable C- to spectrograph-mount adapter allows you to move the camera vertically at the exit plane of an Acton Series spectrograph in order to align the kinetics rows at the middle of the focal plane for the best spectral quality. The adapter is mounted to the front of a ProEM-HS camera and is secured to the camera by a threaded insert screwed into the camera’s C-mount opening. See Figure 4-2 when mounting the adapter to the camera.

• Tools Required:

— 0.050” Hex key

— 3/32” hex key

— Flat screwdriver

— Spanner wrench (1.17”/29.7 mm between 0.094”/2.38 mm diameter holes)

• Equipment:

— Acton Series Spectrograph with light source at entrance port

— Kinetics Adapter

• SP-2150 and SP-2750 Spectrographs: Use the Model 7050-0107 adapter

• SP-2350 and SP-2550 Spectrographs: Use the Model 7050-0104 adapter

— Camera with C-mount nose

Chapter 4 System Setup 37

REFERENCES:

4.4.1 Procedure

Perform the following procedure to mount an adjustable C- to Spectroscopy-Mount adapter:

1. If a light baffle is mounted to the front of the adapter, remove the two 2-56 screws

securing it and set the baffle aside.

2. Orient the adapter with the setscrew at the top as shown in Figure 4-2 and, using a

spanner wrench or equivalent (distance between holes is 1.17” [29.7 mm]), tighten the threaded insert into the C-mount opening on the camera.

Figure 4-2: Adjustable C- to Spectroscopy-Mount Adapter

When using a light baffle, mount the light baffle to the front of the adapter.

4. Gently rotate the camera and sliding tube assembly as you insert it into the

spectrograph’s exit port.

5. With the spectrograph, camera, and light source powered on and connected to the

computer (as required), start the application software.

Refer to the following sections for information about focusing and rotationally aligning the ProEM-HS camera to the spectrograph optics:

• LightField: Section 5.2.2, Rotational Alignment and

Focus, on page 54;

• WinSpec/32: Section 6.3.5, Rotational Alignment, on page 75, and Section 6.3.6, Focus the System, on page 78.

6. When you have finished with focusing and rotational alignment, secure the sliding tube

in place with the spectrograph setscrews.

38 ProEM-HS User Manual Issue 2

NOTE:

7. If they have already been installed, loosen the adapter’s two recessed locking setscrews

(use a 0.050 hex key). If they have not been installed, insert the setscrews into the holes at the sides of the adapter and screw them in a couple of turns.

8. When the camera opening is centered within the sliding tube, you can adjust the camera

up or down 0.4” (4.06 mm) by tightening or loosening the vertical adjustment setscrew (use a 3/32” hex key.)

9. After you have completed the adjustment, tighten the recessed locking setscrews in the

adapter flange to lock the position.

4.5 Positioning ProEM-HS Masks

This option is not available for ProEM-HS: 1024B cameras.

The ProEM-HS camera has a kinetics nose that provides built-in precision masking capability and manual shutter adjustment. After using the pull-push sliders to coarsely set the position of the top and bottom masks, you can then use the micro-adjust screws while viewing images being acquired by the application software to fine tune the masking. The pull-push knob for the manual shutter allows you to block all light from the camera while you are acquiring a background.

Figure 4-3: Front View of ProEM-HS Camera

Chapter 4 System Setup 39

NOTES:

4.6 Opening/Closing ProEM-HS Manual Shutter

ProEM-HS cameras include a built-in manual shutter that allows you to block all light from the camera while you are acquiring a background. To operate the shutter, pull the knob out to close the shutter and push it in to open it.

Figure 4-4: Front View of ProEM-HS Camera

4.7 Connect a CoolCUBEII Circulator

For liquid-cooled cameras, the CoolCUBEII circulator provides a vibration-free method of heat removal.

1. Make sure the camera and the circulator power switches are

turned off.

2. Make sure the circulator is 6 inches (150 mm) or more below

the camera. The vertical distance should not exceed 10 feet (3 m). Typically, the camera is at table height and the circulator is on the floor.

3. Make the coolant connections between the circulator and the camera. It does not matter

which hose from the circulator is plugged into a coolant port on the camera.

4. It is recommended that hoses be secured to the camera hose barbs with the clamp

supplied.

1. Make sure that there are no kinks in the hoses that impede

the coolant flow. Lack of sufficient flow can seriously harm the camera and any resulting damage is not covered under warranty.

2. Damage caused by water leaking into the ProEM-HS voids

the warranty.

5. Unscrew the reservoir cap (on top of the CoolCUBE

sure that the coolant reservoir contains coolant. If additional coolant is required, fill with a 50:50 mixture of water and ethylene glycol.

6. Screw the reservoir cap back in.

7. Plug the circulator into a 100-240 V

) and make

, 50-60 Hz power source.

40 ProEM-HS User Manual Issue 2

NOTE:

8. Turn the circulator on. Make sure there are no leaks or air bubbles in the hoses.

Small air bubbles (about the size of bubbles in soda) are common in the CoolCUBE

especially at start up and do not

prevent proper operation.

a. If there are no problems, continue to Step 9.

b. If there are leaks or air bubbles, turn the circulator off and correct the problem(s) by

securing the hoses or adding more coolant to the reservoir. Turn the circulator back on. Recheck and if there are no problems, continue to Step 9.

9. Turn the camera on.

10. Launch the application software.

4.8 Application Software Installation

This section provides detailed procedures for the installation of supported application software.

4.8.1 LightField

This section provides the installation procedure for LightField application software.

Install the GigE Adapter card BEFORE installing the LightField application software.

Before beginning to install LightField, verify that:

• The operating system on the desired host computer is either Windows Vista (64-bit)

or Windows 7 (64-bit);

• A GigE adapter card has been installed;

• The host computer is connected to the Internet. Internet connection may be required

for product activation.

Chapter 4 System Setup 41

4411-0149_0006

Perform the following procedure to install LightField on the host computer:

1. Insert the LightField Installation CD into the CD drive on the host computer, and follow

the on-screen prompts.

Figure 4-5 illustrates a typical InstallShield Wizard dialog.

Figure 4-5: Typical LightField InstallShield Wizard Dialog

After the installation has been completed, reboot the computer.

3. Connect the ProEM-HS system components to the host computer and apply power.

4. Launch LightField, activate it, and begin setting up your experiment.

42 ProEM-HS User Manual Issue 2

NOTES:

4411-0149_0005

4.8.2 WinX Application

This section provides the installation procedure for WinX application software.

1. Install the GigE Adapter card BEFORE installing the

WinX application software.

2. The interface cable should remain disconnected from the

camera until after WinX (Ver. 2.6.10 or later) has been successfully installed.

Perform the following procedure to install WinX on the host computer:

1. Insert the WinX software installation CD into the CD drive on the host computer. The

installation program will automatically launch.

2. When the Select Installation Type dialog is displayed, select the desired type of

installation.

• Typical installs all required drivers and the most commonly installed program

files;

• Complete installs all available application drivers and features;

• Custom is used to select specific features and drivers for installation, as well as

specifying a custom installation directory. This is only recommended for use by advanced users.

Figure 4-6 illustrates a typical WinView/32 Setup dialog.

Figure 4-6: Typical WinX Setup Dialog

Click Next > to continue the installation. Follow on-screen prompts.

4. Once the installation has been completed, connect the camera to the host computer and

turn on the camera’s power supply.

5. Reboot the host computer.

Windows will automatically detect the newly-installed GigE card.

Chapter 4 System Setup 43

REFERENCES:

4.9 Configure Default Camera System Parameters

This section describes the initial configuration of default camera parameters.

4.9.1 LightField

Perform the following procedure to configure default LightField system parameters:

1. Verify the ProEM-HS (and spectrograph, if this is a spectroscopy system) is connected

to the host computer and that the camera (and spectrograph) power supply is turned on.

2. Launch LightField.

3. While LightField is starting up, it will detect the available device(s) and load the

appropriate icons into the Available Devices area in the Experiment workspace.

4. When an icon is dragged into the Experiment Devices area, the appropriate

expanders will be loaded into the Experiment Settings stack on the left-hand side of the window. See Figure 4-7.

Figure 4-7: LightField Experiment Workspace

Because this is a new experiment, the default settings will automatically be entered for

the experiment device(s). These settings will allow you to begin previewing (Run button) or acquiring (Acquire button) data.

For information about basic system operation for Imaging and Spectroscopic applications refer to Chapter 5, LightField First

Light, on page 45.

44 ProEM-HS User Manual Issue 2

REFERENCES:

4411-0149_0008

4.9.2 WinX (Versions 2.6.10 or later)

Perform the following procedure to configure default WinX system parameters:

1. Make sure the ProEM-HS (and spectrograph if configuring a spectroscopy system,) is

connected to the host computer and that its power supply is turned ON.

2. Launch the WinX application.

• The Camera Detection Wizard will automatically run if this is the first time a

Princeton Instruments WinX application (WinView/32, WinSpec/32, or WinXTest/

32) has been installed with a supported camera.

• If simply installing a new camera type, click on the Launch Camera

Detection Wizard…

3. When the Welcome dialog is displayed, the check box should remain unchecked. Click

Next.

See Figure 4-8.

Figure 4-8: Typical WinX Camera Detection Wizard Dialog

button on the Controller/CCD tab to launch the wizard.

Follow the on-screen prompts to perform the initial hardware setup.

The wizard automatically enters default parameter on the Hardware Setup dialog and provides the opportunity to acquire a test image to verify the system is working properly. Note that this is a test image and it is not acquired using the settings needed for true data acquisition.

When performing spectroscopy, the spectrograph must be defined by selecting Define from the Spectrograph menu, highlighting the correct spectrograph name, and clicking on Install Selected Spectrograph.

For information about basic system operation for Imaging and Spectroscopic applications refer to Chapter 6, WinX/32 First

Light, on page 61.

Chapter 5: LightField First Light

Incoming Photons

Camera

EMCCD

Preamp Electronics

Analog to Digital

Converter

Digital Processor

GigE Interface

Computer

GigE Interface

Display Storage

4411-0149_0007

Once a ProEM-HS camera has been installed as described in preceding chapters, acquiring data using LightField is straightforward. For most applications simply:

• Establish optimum performance using Preview mode;

• Set a target camera temperature;

• Wait until the system’s temperature has stabilized;

• Acquire live data in Acquire mode.

Additional considerations regarding experiment setup and equipment configuration are addressed in the LightField Users Manual. Refer to Table 1 -1 for document numbers information.

During data acquisition, the CCD array is exposed to a source and charge accumulates in the pixels. After the defined exposure time, the accumulated signal is read out of the array, digitized, and transferred to the host computer. Upon data transfer, the data are displayed and/or stored using LightField. This sequence is illustrated by the block diagram shown in

Figure 5-1.

Figure 5-1: Light Path Block Diagram for ProEM-HS Systems

46 ProEM-HS User Manual Issue 2

REFERENCES:

NOTE:

REFERENCES:

Whether or not the data are displayed and/or stored depends on the data collection operation that has been selected in the application software:

• Preview

This mode is typically used when setting up the system during the First Light procedure.

For application-specific First Light procedures, refer to:

• Section 5.1, Imaging Applications, on page 47;

• Section 5.2, Spectroscopy, on page 51.

In Preview mode, the number of frames is ignored. A single frame is acquired and displayed, another frame is acquired and overwrites the currently displayed data, and so on until

Stop is selected.

The last frame acquired before Stop is selected cannot be stored.

Preview mode is particularly convenient for familiarization and setting up. For ease in focusing, the screen refresh rate should be as rapid as possible, achieved by operating with axes and cross-sections off, and with Zoom 1:1 selected.

• Acquire

Acquire

mode is typically used for the collection and storage of data. In Acquire mode, every frame of data collected can be automatically stored, so the completed dataset may include multiple frames with one or more set of accumulations. This mode is typically selected during actual data collection.

One limitation of Acquire mode operation is that if data acquisition continues at too fast a rate for it to be stored, data overflow may occur.

For information about synchronizing data acquisition with external devices, refer to Chapter 8, Experiment

Synchronization, on page 101.

Chapter 5 LightField First Light 47

4411-0149_0008

5.1 Imaging Applications

This section provides step-by-step instructions for acquiring an image in LightField for the first time. The intent of this procedure is to gain familiarity with the operation of the system and to show that it is functioning properly. Once basic familiarity has been established, additional, more complex configurations can be performed.

This procedure assumes:

• The system has been set up in accordance with the instructions in the previous

chapters.

• Familiarity with LightField.

If this is not the case, review the software manual or have it available while performing this procedure.

• The camera has a frame transfer array and a software-controlled internal shutter.

• The system is being operated in imaging mode.

• The target is a sharp image, text, or a drawing that can be used to verify that the

camera is seeing and can be used to maximize focus.

5.1.1 System Set Up and Configuration

Perform the following procedure to set up and configure the system to acquire an image:

1. Mount a test target in front of the camera.

2. Power ON the camera.

3. Turn on the host computer power.

4. Launch LightField.

5. Once LightField has started, a ProEM-HS camera icon will be shown in the Available

Devices

area. See Figure 5-2.

Figure 5-2: Available Devices Area

48 ProEM-HS User Manual Issue 2

4411-0149_0009

6. Drag the icon into the Experiment Devices area.

The

Experiment Settings stack on the left includes several expanders. Since this is a

new experiment, the default configuration settings for the camera are used. See

Figure 5-3.

Figure 5-3: Experiment Devices Area

The Status bar across the bottom of the window includes icons for temperature status and orientation.

• Temperature Status reports the current system temperature and whether the set

temperature has been reached. Clicking on the icon, opens the

Sensor expander in

which the desired temperature can be configured.

• Orientation is displayed because the default readout port is Electron Multiplied.

Clicking on the icon opens a panel that describes how the image orientation has been corrected.

Chapter 5 LightField First Light 49

4411-0149_0010

5.1.2 Data Acquisition

Perform the following procedure to acquire live data:

1. Click on the View tab located above Experiment Devices: to change focus to the View

area. See Figure 5-4

Figure 5-4: View Area

Click Run to initiate Preview mode.

In this mode, images are continuously acquired and displayed. See Figure 5-5.

50 ProEM-HS User Manual Issue 2

NOTE:

4411-0149_0011

Figure 5-5: View Area Displaying an Image

Adjust the lens aperture, intensity scaling, and focus for the best image as viewed on the computer monitor.

Imaging tips include:

• Begin with the lens blocked off and then set the lens at the smallest possible

aperture (i.e., the largest f-stop number.)

• Verify there is a suitable target in front of the lens. An object with text or graphics

works best.

• Inspect the brightest regions of the image to determine if the A/D converter is at

full-scale.

A 16-bit A/D is at full scale when the brightest parts of an image reach an intensity of 65535.

Adjust the aperture so that it is slightly smaller (i.e., a higher f-stop,) than the setting where maximum brightness occurs on any spot of the image.

• Set the focus adjustment of the lens for maximum sharpness in the viewed image.

4. After the camera has been successfully focused, either:

• Exit/stop Preview mode;

• Continue Preview mode;

• Begin Acquire mode;

• Wait for the CCD to reach the operating temperature before starting Acquire mode;

• Shut down the system.

Refer to Section 5.3, System Shutdown, on page 59, for the recommended shutdown procedure.

Chapter 5 LightField First Light 51

REFERENCES:

CAUTION!

5.2 Spectroscopy

This section provides step-by-step instructions for acquiring a spectrum in LightField for the first time. The intent of this procedure is to gain familiarity with the operation of the system and to show that it is functioning properly. Once basic familiarity has been established, additional, more complex configurations can be performed.

This procedure assumes:

• The system has been set up in accordance with the instructions in the previous

chapters. This includes mounting the camera to the spectrograph.

Refer to Appendix C, Mounting a ProEM-HS to a

Spectrograph, on page 167, for mounting instructions.

• Familiarity with LightField.

If this is not the case, review the software manual or have it available while performing this procedure.

• The camera has full frame array and a manual shutter.

• The system is being operated in spectroscopy mode.

• The spectrograph has an entrance slit shutter that is controlled by the ProEM-HS via

the

Shutter connector.

An underlying assumption of this procedure is that the camera is to be operated with a spectrograph (e.g., an Acton Series 2300 or IsoPlane,) on which it has been properly installed. A suitable light source, such as a mercury pen-ray lamp, should be mounted in front of the entrance slit of the spectrograph. Any light source with line output can be used. Standard fluorescent overhead lamps have good calibration lines as well. If there are no line sources available, it is possible to use a broadband source such as tungsten for the alignment. If this is the case, use a wavelength setting of 0.0 nm for alignment purposes.

Overexposure Protection

Cameras that are exposed to room light or other continuous light sources will quickly become saturated. If the camera is mounted to a spectrograph, close the entrance slit of the spectrograph to reduce the incident light.

52 ProEM-HS User Manual Issue 2

5.2.1 System Set Up and Configuration

Once the ProEM-HS has been mounted to the spectrograph of choice, perform the following procedure to set up and configure the system to acquire a spectrum:

1. Set the spectrograph entrance slit width to minimum (10 µm if possible.)

2. Power ON the spectrograph.

3. Mount a light source such as a Princeton Instruments IntelliCal™ Hg/Ne-Ar Dual

Switchable light source in front of the entrance slit.

4. Connect the shutter cable between the entrance slit shutter and the ProEM-HS Shutter

connector.

Verify the shutter knob for the ProEM-HS’s manual shutter is pushed in (i.e., manual shutter is open.)

• External Slit Shutter

A shutter assembly mounted externally to the spectrograph has shutter cable that plugs into the

• Internal Slit Shutter

A shutter mounted internally has an external shutter connector in the sidewall of the spectrograph. Connect a shutter cable from the ProEM-HS that connector.

5. Power on the camera.

6. Turn on the host computer power.

7. Launch LightField

8. Once LightField has started, a ProEM-HS camera icon as well as a spectrograph icon

will be shown in the

Shutter connector.

Shutter connector to

Available Devices area. See Figure 5-6

Figure 5-6: Available Devices Area

Chapter 5 LightField First Light 53

9. Drag these two icons into the Experiment Devices area.

The

Experiment Settings stack on the left includes several expanders. Since this is a

new experiment, the default configuration settings for the camera are used. See

Figure 5-7.

Figure 5-7: Experiment Devices Area

The Status bar across the bottom of the window includes icons for temperature status and orientation.

• Temperature Status reports the current system temperature and whether the set

temperature has been reached. Clicking on the icon, opens the

Sensor expander in

which the desired temperature can be configured.

• Orientation is displayed because the default readout port is Electron Multiplied.

Clicking on the icon opens a panel that describes how the image orientation has been corrected.

10. On the Shutter expander, select Shutter Mode: Normal.

11. Open the Spectrometer expander and select the appropriate grating.

In this case, the 300g/mm (Blaze: 750) grating was selected and the center wavelength was set to 507.3 nm for a mercury lamp. Use 0.0 nm if using a broadband source.

12. Turn on the light source at the spectrograph’s entrance slit.

13. Click Run to begin previewing the data.

Depending on the display settings, either a spectral band (image) or a graph will be displayed. Background noise will decrease as the camera cools to its default temperature.

54 ProEM-HS User Manual Issue 2

14. Turn off the light source. The data display should change to a background noise pattern

or low intensity graph.

If the background changes as expected, it has been confirmed that light entering the spectrograph is being seen by the camera. Proceed to Section 5.2.2, Rotational

Alignment and Focus, on page 54.

If there is little or no difference between the data displayed when the light source is on or off:

a. Verify that the camera’s manual shutter is open (i.e., the shutter knob should be

pushed in.)

b. Verify that the light source has power and is turned on.

c. Verify that the entrance slit is open at least 10 µm.

d. Verify the Exposure Time on the Common Acquisition Settings expander. e. Confirm Shutter Mode is set to Normal on the Shutter expander.

f. Verify the shutter cable connections.

g. Verify shutter operation. The shutter should be heard opening and closing while

Run is active.

• If you hear a shutter operating and you have performed step a through step f,

turn the light source on, wait a minute and then turn the light off while viewing the data display. If the problem is fixed, stop acquisition or proceed to

Section 5.2.2, Rotational Alignment and Focus, on page 54.

• If you do not hear a shutter operating and you have performed step a through

step f,

stop data acquisition and proceed to step h.

h. Make sure the spectrograph has an entrance slit shutter. An externally mounted

shutter is easily confirmed. Verifying an internally mounted shutter requires access to the inside of the spectrograph: refer to the spectrograph manual for instructions.

15. If you need more help, contact Customer Support. Refer to Contact Information on

page 184 for complete contact information.

5.2.2 Rotational Alignment and Focus

The camera mounting hardware provides two degrees of freedom:

• Rotation

Rotation is the physical rotation of a camera while watching a live display on the monitor until spectral lines are perpendicular to the rows on the array.

• Focus

Focus is the process of moving the camera back and forth through the spectrograph’s focal plane while watching a live display until the optimal focus is achieved.

Procedures included in this section assume that the ProEM-HS camera and corresponding spectrograph have already been turned on and their icons have been dragged into the Experiment Devices area as shown in Figure 5-7.

Chapter 5 LightField First Light 55

TIP:

5.2.2.1 Acton Series Spectrograph

Perform the following procedure to rotationally align and focus the ProEM-HS system with an Acton Series spectrograph:

1. Click on the View tab, just above Experiment Devices, to change to the display area.

2. If you have not already done so, mount a light source such as a Princeton Instruments

Hg and Ne/Ar Dual Switchable light source in front of the entrance slit. Any light source with line output can be used. Standard fluorescent overhead lamps have good calibration lines as well. If there are no line sources available, it is possible to use a broadband source such as tungsten for the alignment. If this is the case, use a wavelength setting of 0.0 nm for alignment purposes.

Figure 5-8: View Area

Open the Spectrometer expander, select the grating and set the center wavelength to

507.3 nm if using a mercury lamp or to 0.0 nm if using a broadband source.

Overhead fluorescent lights produce a mercury spectrum. Use a white card tilted at 45 degrees in front of the entrance slit to reflect overhead light into the spectrograph. Select 435.833 as the spectral line.

4. Verify that the slit is set to 10 µm. If necessary, adjust the Exposure Time to maintain

optimum, near full-scale signal intensity.

5. Wait until the camera temperature locks at its default temperature.

6. Verify that the spectroscopy-mount adapter moves freely at the spectrograph. It may be

necessary to loosen the two set screws that lock the sliding tube in place.

56 ProEM-HS User Manual Issue 2

7. Select Align Spectrometer… from the Experiment Options menu. Review the

displayed information and then click on the

Begin button. Typically, this feature creates

three 1-row high ROIs (one near the top of the array, one in the middle, and one near the bottom) and begins data acquisition. Data will be continuously acquired and displayed but will not be stored.

Figure 5-9: Spectrometer Alignment: Before Rotational Alignment

Adjust the rotational alignment. You do this by rotating the camera while watching a

live display of the line. Click on the peak you want to monitor during the rotational alignment. This positions the large cursor to provide a vertical reference line across all of the ROIs. Rotate the camera until the selected peak is aligned horizontally in all of the ROIs.

Alternatively, take an image, display the horizontal and vertical cursor bars, and compare the vertical bar to the line shape on the screen. Rotate the camera until the line shape on the screen is parallel with the vertical bar.

Chapter 5 LightField First Light 57

NOTE:

Figure 5-10: Spectrometer Alignment: After Rotational Alignment

When aligning other accessories, such as fibers, lenses, optical fiber adapters, first align the spectrograph to the slit. Then align the accessory without disturbing the camera position. The procedure is identical to that used to focus the spectrograph (i.e., do the focus and alignment operations while watching a live image).

9. Slowly move the camera in and out of focus. You should see the spectral peak (or

peaks) go from broad to narrow and back to broad. Maximize the intensity level and

minimize the FWHM of the selected peak or peaks. Note that the Peak Finding

function is active for the center graph to allow you to monitor the FWHM information to achieve the narrowest line width.

The way focusing is accomplished depends on the spectrograph, as follows:

• Long focal-length spectrographs such as the Acton SP-2300: The

mounting adapter includes a tube that slides inside another tube to move the camera in or out as required to achieve optimum focus.

• Short focal-length spectrographs: There is generally a focusing mechanism

on the spectrograph itself which, when adjusted, will move the optics as required to achieve proper focus.

• No focusing adjustment: If there is no focusing adjustment, either provided by

the spectrograph or by the mounting hardware, then the only recourse will be to adjust the spectrograph’s focusing mirror.

10. Tighten the two spectrograph set screws to secure the spectrograph sliding tube and stop

data acquisition.

58 ProEM-HS User Manual Issue 2

5.2.2.2 IsoPlane SCT-320 Spectrograph

Because the ProEM-HS is mounted directly to the mounting plate on the IsoPlane, the rotational alignment and focusing operations are different from the way that rotational alignment and focusing are performed for an Acton Series spectrograph. The following information assumes that you are familiar with the locations of the mounting plate, Micrometer Compartment, and the locking set screw. If not, refer to the IsoPlane manual supplied with the spectrograph.

The initial alignment also assumes that you have already connected and turned on the camera and spectrograph, have opened LightField, and have dragged the camera and spectrograph icons into the

Experiment Devices area. After the optics have been initially

aligned, it is recommended that the process be repeated to fine tune the alignment.

Perform the following procedure to rotationally align and focus the ProEM-HS system with an IsoPlane SCT-320 spectrograph:

1. Mount a light source such as a Princeton Instruments Hg and Ne/Ar Dual Switchable

light source in front of the entrance slit.

2. Set the spectrograph to 507.3 nm if using a mercury source or to 0.0 nm if using a

broadband source.

3. Wait until the camera locks at its default temperature.

4. Loosen the four screws at the corners of the camera mounting plate.

5. Select the Align Spectrometer function from the Experiment menu to open the Spectrometer Alignment dialog. This dialog describes the changes that LightField will

make to the current setup to assist you in performing rotational alignment of the array to the spectrograph's optics. When the

Begin button is clicked, the modifications are made

and continuous live data will be displayed as you rotate the camera.

6. Click on the peak being monitored for the alignment. This will display the data cursor

that you can position at the top of the peak. Since the data cursor spans the ROIs, you can use the data cursor as your vertical reference.

7. Slowly rotate the camera until the peaks align in all of the ROIs.

Alternatively, you can acquire an image, display the large data cursor, and compare the vertical bar to the line shape on the screen. Rotate the camera until the line shape on the screen is parallel with the vertical bar.

8. After completing the rotational alignment, click on the Stop button.

9. Re-tighten the four mounting plate screws.

10. Next, remove the cover from the Micrometer Compartment.

11. Using a 3/32” hex wrench, loosen the locking set screw.

12. Click on Run, and while continuously acquiring data, adjust the micrometer until you

maximize the intensity level and minimize the FWHM of a selected peak or peaks. You may want to use the

13. Tighten down the locking set screw.

14. Place the Micrometer Cover on the spectrograph. Replace and tighten all of the cover

Peak Find function to identify peaks and display FWHM widths.

screws.

15. Stop acquisition.

Chapter 5 LightField First Light 59

5.2.3 Data Acquisition

Perform the following procedure to acquire live data:

1. After the system has been focused, stop running in Alignment mode.

2. Make any required changes to the experiment setup and software parameters.

Changes may include:

• Adjusting the exposure time;

• Setting up an entrance slit shutter;

• Changing the timing mode to External Sync;

• Lowering the temperature.

3. Begin running Acquire mode. Data will be acquired and displayed/stored based on the

experiment settings.

4. Once data acquisition is complete, either:

• Leave the camera power on so the array temperature will remain locked for

subsequent data acquisition;

• Shut down the system. Refer to Section 5.3, System Shutdown, for proper

shutdown procedures.

5.3 System Shutdown

Perform the following procedure to shutdown the ProEM-HS system when using LightField:

1. Close LightField.

2. Turn off the light source and, if used, the spectrograph.

3. Turn off the camera power.

60 ProEM-HS User Manual Issue 2

This page is intentionally blank.

Chapter 6: WinX/32 First Light

Incoming Photons

Camera

EMCCD

Preamp Electronics

Analog to Digital

Converter

Digital Processor

GigE Interface

Computer

GigE Interface

Display Storage

4411-0149_0007

Once a ProEM-HS camera has been installed as described in preceding chapters, acquiring data using WinX/32 is straightforward. For most applications simply:

• Establish optimum performance using Focus mode;

• Set a target camera temperature;

• Wait until the system’s temperature has stabilized;

• Acquire live data in Acquire mode.

Additional considerations regarding experiment setup and equipment configuration are addressed in the software manual. Refer to Table 1-1 for document number information.

During data acquisition, the CCD array is exposed to a source and charge accumulates in the pixels. After the defined exposure time, the accumulated signal is read out of the array, digitized, and transferred to the host computer. Upon data transfer, the data are displayed and/or stored using WinX/32. This sequence is illustrated by the block diagram shown in

Figure 6-1.

Figure 6-1: Block Diagram for a ProEM-HS System

62 ProEM-HS User Manual Issue 2

REFERENCES:

NOTE:

REFERENCES:

How data are displayed and/or stored depends on the data collection operation that has been selected in the application software:

• Focus

Focus is typically used when setting up the system during the First Light procedure.

For application-specific First Light procedures, refer to:

• Section 6.2, Imaging Applications, on page 63;

• Section 6.3, Spectroscopy Applications, on page 68.

In Focus mode, the number of frames is ignored. A single frame is acquired and displayed, another frame is acquired and overwrites the currently displayed data, and so on until

Stop is selected.

The last frame acquired before Stop is selected can be stored.

Focus is particularly convenient for familiarization and setting up. For ease in focusing, the screen refresh rate should be as rapid as possible, achieved by operating with axes and cross-sections off, and with Zoom 1:1 selected.

• Acquire

Acquire is typically used for the collection and storage of data. In Acquire mode, every frame of data collected can be automatically stored, so the completed dataset may include multiple frames with one or more set of accumulations. This mode is typically selected during actual data collection.

One limitation of Acquire mode when operating in Fast Mode is that if data acquisition continues at too fast a rate for it to be stored, data overflow may occur.

For information about synchronizing data acquisition with external devices, refer to Chapter 8, Experiment

Synchronization, on page 101.

All procedures in this chapter assume:

• The ProEM-HS system has been installed and setup in accordance with the

instructions in previous chapters.

• WinX/32 has been previously installed on the host computer.

• Basic familiarity with WinX/32.

If necessary, review the appropriate software manual or have it accessible while performing procedures in this chapter.

6.1 Power On Sequencing

The ProEM-HS camera must be powered on before WinX/32 is launched in order to establish and maintain communication between the ProEM-HS camera and the host computer.

If WinX/32 is launched before the ProEM-HS has been powered on, many of the functions will be disabled. Only previously saved data can be retrieved and/or examined.

Chapter 6 WinX/32 First Light 63

NOTE:

6.2 Imaging Applications

This section provides information about acquiring an image in WinView/32 for the first time. The intent of this section is to gain familiarity with the basic operation of a ProEM-HS system as well as to determine that it is functioning properly. Once basic familiarity has been established, additional, more complex configurations can be performed.

Although WinSpec/32 may be used for imaging applications, procedures within this section have been written based on using WinView/32.

The procedures included in this section assume:

• The ProEM-HS includes a frame transfer array and a software-controlled internal

shutter.

• The ProEM-HS system is operating in imaging mode.

• The target image being used is either a clear image, text, or a drawing that will

verify that the camera is seeing. Additionally, this image will be used to focus the system.

Refer to the following sections to prepare a ProEM-HS camera for imaging applications:

• Section 6.2.1, Equipment Setup;

• Section 6.2.2, Configure ProEM-HS Parameters on page 64;

• Section 6.2.3, Focus the System on page 67.

6.2.1 Equipment Setup

Perform the following procedure to setup the equipment required for imaging applications:

1. Mount a test target in front of the ProEM-HS camera.

2. Turn on the ProEM-HS’s power supply.

The ProEM-HS must be turned on before WinView/32 is launched.

3. Turn on the host computer.

4. Launch WinView/32.

64 ProEM-HS User Manual Issue 2

SELECT FRAME TRANSFER READOUT MODE

4411-0149_0017

6.2.2 Configure ProEM-HS Parameters

Perform the following procedure to configure WinView/32 with appropriate ProEM-HS configuration parameters:

1. From the WinView/32 menu bar, select Setup —> Hardware to display the Hardware Setup

dialog.

Select the

Figure 6-2: Typical WinView/32 Hardware Setup Dialog: Controller/Camera Tab

Controller/Camera tab. See Figure 6-2.

Verify and/or configure the parameters indicated in Table 6 -1 .

Table 6-1: WinView/32 Hardware Setup Configuration

Parameter Value Notes

Controller Type — This information is read from the camera.

Camera Type — This information is read from the camera.

Shutter Type Custom System dependent.

Readout Mode Frame Transfer Available modes are read from the camera.

Chapter 6 WinX/32 First Light 65

NOTE:

4411-0149_0018

2. From the WinView/32 menu bar, select Setup —> Detector Temperature. See

Figure 6-3.

Figure 6-3: Typical WinView/32 Detector Temperature Dialog

Configure the detector temperature parameters as indicated in Table 6-2.

Table 6-2: WinView/32 Target Temperature Configuration

Parameter Value Notes

Target Temperature This information is read from the camera.

Cooling Fan ON

When the array temperature reaches the configured target temperature, the

Temperature

dialog will report that the temperature is LOCKED.

Detector

Some overshoot may occur. This could cause temperature lock to be briefly lost and then quickly re-established. When reading the actual temperature reported by the application software, there may be a small difference between the configured and reported temperature when lock is established. This is normal and does not indicate a system malfunction.

Once temperature lock has been established, the temperature will be stable to within ±0.05°C.

The Detector Temperature dialog does not display temperature information during data acquisition.

66 ProEM-HS User Manual Issue 2

SELECT

4411-0149_0019

FAST MODE

3. From the WinView/32 menu bar, select Acquisition —> Experiment Setup….

Verify and/or configure the parameters as indicated in Table 6 - 3 .

Table 6-3: WinView/32 Experiment Setup Configuration

Parameter Value Notes

Main Tab

Exposure Time 50 ms

Accumulations & Number of Images 1

ROI Tab

These parameters define the region of interest (ROI).

Imaging Mode When using WinSpec, Imaging Mode must be

selected.

Full Loads the full size of the chip into the edit

boxes.

Timing Tab (see Figure 6-4)

Timing Mode Free Run

Shutter Control Disabled Open In Frame Transfer mode, the shutter must be

Disabled Open for imaging applications.

Fast Mode/Safe Mode Fast Mode

Figure 6-4: Typical WinView/32 Experiment Setup Dialog: Timing Tab

Chapter 6 WinX/32 First Light 67

NOTE:

6.2.3 Focus the System

Perform the following procedure to focus the system:

1. Verify that an appropriate lens has been installed on the ProEM-HS camera.

2. Verify there is an appropriate test target in front of the ProEM-HS lens. An object with

text or graphics is ideal.

3. Set the lens to its smallest possible aperture (i.e., the largest f-stop number.)

4. From the WinView/32 menu bar, select Acquisition —> Focus.

A series of images will be displayed on the host computer’s monitor as quickly as they are being acquired.

5. Select an appropriate intensity scale by clicking the button in the lower left-hand

corner of the data window.

6. Adjust the lens aperture until a suitable setting is achieved and the image is visible on the

monitor.

7. If desired, select a slightly lower aperture setting to improve contrast.

8. Examine the brightest regions of the image to determine if the A/D converter is at

full-scale.

Adjust the aperture so that it is slightly smaller (i.e., higher f-stop,) than the setting where maximum brightness on any part of the image occurs.

9. Adjust the lens focus for maximum sharpness in the viewed image.

6.2.4 Acquire Data

Once the camera has been properly focused, perform the following procedure to acquire data:

1. Halt Focus mode.

2. Make any required changes to the experiment setup and software parameters.

Changes may include:

• Adjusting the exposure time;

• Changing the image;

• Changing the target temperature.

3. If the target temperature has been changed, wait until the CCD has achieved the new

operating temperature.

4. From the WinView/32 menu bar, select Acquisition —> Acquire to begin data

acquisition.

5. Once all data have been acquired and, if desired, saved, shutdown the system.

Refer to Section 6.4, Power Down Sequencing, on page 80 for the proper shutdown procedure.

A 16-bit A/D is at full scale when the brightest parts of the image reach an intensity of 65535.

68 ProEM-HS User Manual Issue 2

REFERENCES:

CAUTION!

6.3 Spectroscopy Applications

This section provides information acquiring a spectroscopic image in WinSpec/32 for the first time. The intent of this section is to gain familiarity with the operation of a ProEM-HS system as well as to determine that it is functioning properly. Once basic familiarity has been established, additional, more complex configurations can be performed.

The procedures included in this section assume:

• The ProEM-HS has been mounted to a compatible spectrograph (e.g., an Acton

Series 2300 or IsoPlane.)

Refer to Appendix C, Mounting a ProEM-HS to a

Spectrograph, on page 167, for mounting instructions.

• The ProEM-HS has a full frame array and a manual shutter.

• The ProEM-HS system is operating in spectroscopy mode.

• The spectrograph has an entrance slit shutter that is controlled by the ProEM-HS via

the

Shutter connector.

• A suitable light source (e.g., Princeton Instruments’ IntelliCal,) has been mounted

in front of the entrance slit of the spectrograph.

Any light source with line output can be used. Standard fluorescent overhead lamps provide good calibration lines as well. If no line source is available, it is possible to use a broadband source such as tungsten for the alignment. If this is the case, use a wavelength setting of 0.0 nm for alignment purposes.

Overexposure Protection

Cameras that are exposed to room light or other continuous light sources will quickly become saturated. When the ProEM-HS is mounted to a spectrograph, close the entrance slit on the spectrograph to reduce incident light.

Refer to the following sections to prepare a ProEM-HS camera for spectroscopic applications:

• Section 6.3.1, Equipment Setup on page 69;

• Section 6.3.2, Configure ProEM-HS Parameters on page 69;

• Section 6.3.3, Configure Spectrograph Parameters on page 73;

• Section 6.3.4, Verify Shutter Operation, on page 74;

• Section 6.3.5, Rotational Alignment on page 75;

• Section 6.3.6, Focus the System on page 78;

• Section 6.3.7, Data Acquisition on page 80.

Chapter 6 WinX/32 First Light 69

NOTE:

6.3.1 Equipment Setup

Perform the following procedure to set up the equipment required for spectroscopic applications:

1. Set the spectrograph entrance slit width to minimum (10 µm if possible.)

2. Turn on the spectrograph.

3. Mount a light source such as a Princeton Instruments IntelliCal Hg/Ne-Ar Dual

Switchable light source in front of the entrance slit.

4. Connect the shutter cable between the entrance slit shutter and the ProEM-HS’s Shutter

connector.

Verify the manual shutter is open (i.e., shutter knob is pushed in.)

If using a spectrograph with an internal shutter, refer to the manufacturer’s user manual for information about operating the shutter.

5. Turn on the ProEM-HS’s power supply.

The camera must be turned on before WinSpec/32 is launched.

6. Turn on the host computer.

7. Launch WinSpec/32.

6.3.2 Configure ProEM-HS Parameters

Perform the following procedure to configure WinSpec/32 with appropriate ProEM-HS configuration parameters:

1. From the WinSpec/32 menu bar, select Setup —> Environment to display the

Environment dialog.

Review the DMA Buffer size information and make any changes that are necessary.

Large arrays (e.g., 2048 x 2048,) require a buffer size on the order of 32 MB. If the buffer size needs to be changed, the host computer must be rebooted in order for the new memory allocation to take effect.

After rebooting the host computer, WinSpec/32 must be launched again.

70 ProEM-HS User Manual Issue 2

SELECT

4411-0149_0020

FULL FRAME

2. From the WinSpec/32 menu bar, select Setup —> Hardware to display the Hardware Setup

dialog. Select the Controller/Camera tab. See Figure 6-5.

Figure 6-5: Typical WinSpec/32 Hardware Setup Dialog: Controller/Camera Tab

Verify and/or configure the parameters as indicated in Table 6 - 4 .

Table 6-4: WinSpec/32 Hardware Configuration

Parameter Value Notes

Controller Type — This information is read from the camera.

Camera Type — This information is read from the camera.

Shutter Type Custom System dependent.

Readout Mode Full Frame Available modes are read from the camera.

Chapter 6 WinX/32 First Light 71

NOTES:

4411-0149_0018

3. From the WinSpec/32 menu bar, select Setup —> Detector Temperature. See

Figure 6-6.

Figure 6-6: Typical WinSpec/32 Detector Temperature Dialog

Configure the detector temperature parameters as indicated in Table 6-5.

Table 6-5: WinSpec/32 Target Temperature Configuration

Parameter Value Notes

Target Temperature This information is read from the camera.

Cooling Fan ON

When the array temperature reaches the configured target temperature, the

Temperature

dialog will indicate that the temperature is Locked (see Figure 6-6.)

Detector

Once temperature lock has been established, the temperature will remain stable to within ±0.05°C.

1. Some overshoot may occur which may cause temperature

lock to be lost briefly and then quickly re-established. When reading the actual temperature reported by the application software, there may be a small difference between the configured and reported temperature when lock is established. This is normal and does not indicate a system malfunction.

2. The Detector Temperature dialog does not display

temperature information during data acquisition.

72 ProEM-HS User Manual Issue 2

SELECT

4411-0149_0019

FAST MODE

4. From the WinSpec/32 menu bar, select Acquisition —> Experiment Setup…. Verify

and/or configure the parameters as indicated in Table 6- 6.

Table 6-6: WinSpec/32 Experiment Setup Configuration

Parameter Value Notes

Main Tab

Exposure Time 50 ms

Accumulations & Number of Images 1

ROI Tab

These parameters define the region of interest (ROI).

Spectroscopy Mode

Full Loads the full size of the chip into the edit

boxes.

Timing Tab (see Figure 6-7)

Timing Mode Free Run

Shutter Control Disabled Open In FT mode, the shutter must be disabled

open for regular imaging.

Fast Mode/Safe Mode Fast Mode

Figure 6-7: WinSpec/32 Experiment Setup Dialog: Timing Tab

Chapter 6 WinX/32 First Light 73

4411-0149_0021

4411-0149_0022

6.3.3 Configure Spectrograph Parameters

Perform the following procedure to configure WinSpec/32 with appropriate spectrograph configuration parameters:

1. From the WinSpec/32 menu bar, select Spectrograph —> Define. The Define

Spectrograph

Figure 6-8: Typical Define Spectrograph Dialog

dialog is displayed. See Figure 6-8.

Select Install/Remove Spectrograph. See Figure 6-9.

Figure 6-9: Typical Install/Remove Spectrograph Dialog

74 ProEM-HS User Manual Issue 2

NOTES:

NOTE:

3. Review the list of Supported Spectrographs and select the appropriate device.

For example:

• When using an Acton SP-2300i, select Acton SP-300i.

• When using an IsoPlane, select Acton SCT320.

4. Click Install Selected Spectrograph.

5. From the WinSpec/32 menu bar, select Spectrograph —> Move.

6. Select the grating to be moved, and set it to:

• 507.3 nm when using a mercury light source, or

• 0.0 nm when using a broadband source.

7. Turn on the light source at the spectrograph entrance slit.

6.3.4 Verify Shutter Operation

Perform the following procedure to verify the shutter is operating properly and light is being received at the ProEM-HS camera:

1. From the WinSpec/32 menu bar, select Acquisition —> Focus to begin data

acquisition.

1. Depending on the display settings, either a spectral band

image or a graph will be displayed.

2. Background noise will decrease as the camera cools to its

default temperature.

2. Turn off the light source at the spectrograph’s entrance slit.

Does the displayed image change to a background noise pattern or low intensity graph?

•Yes

Light entering the spectrograph is being seen by the camera and the system is operating properly.

Proceed to Section 6.3.5, Rotational Alignment, on page 75.

•No

There is no observable difference in the displayed data.

Click

Stop to halt Focus mode, and proceed to step 3.

3. Verify the spectrograph has an entrance slit shutter installed.

When using a spectrograph with an internal shutter, refer to the manufacturer’s user manual for information about shutter access and operation.

4. Verify that the shutter is open (i.e., the shutter knob is pushed in.)

When using a spectrograph with an internal shutter, refer to the manufacturer’s user manual for information about shutter access and operation.

Chapter 6 WinX/32 First Light 75

NOTE:

5. Verify that the light source has power and is turned on.

6. Verify that the entrance slit is open a minimum of 10 µm.

7. From the WinSpec/32 menu bar, select Acquisition —> Experiment Setup.

8. Click on the Timing tab and verify the following configuration settings:

• The system is configured for an appropriate Exposure Time.

• Verify that Shutter Control is set to Normal.

Make any necessary configuration changes, and click

9. Verify all shutter cable connections are secure.

10. From the WinSpec/32 menu bar, select Acquisition —> Focus to resume data

OK to save and apply the changes.

acquisition.

11. Determine if the shutter is operating properly. While running in Focus mode, it should

be possible to hear the shutter opening and closing.

• If the shutter can be heard opening and closing, and step 3 through step 9 have all

been performed, turn on the light source and observe the data being displayed.

After approximately one minute turn off the light source while viewing the data display. Does the displayed image change to a background noise pattern or low intensity graph?

—Yes

Proceed to Section 6.3.5, Rotational Alignment, on page 75.

—No

Stop data acquisition.

Contact Customer Support for assistance. Refer to Contact Information on page 184 for complete contact information.

6.3.5 Rotational Alignment

The ProEM-HS mounting hardware can be physically rotated while acquiring live data. This enables spectral lines to be displayed perpendicular to the rows of the array.

Once the optics have been initially aligned, it is recommended that the process be repeated to fine-tune the alignment.

Detailed rotational alignment procedures vary based on the specific spectrometer being used. Refer to the following sections for the rotational alignment procedures for two Princeton Instruments spectrographs:

• Section 6.3.5.1, Acton Series Spectrograph, on page 76;

• Section 6.3.5.2, IsoPlane SCT-320 Spectrograph, on page 77.

If using a spectrograph that is not listed, refer to the manufacturer-supplied user manual for their recommended rotational alignment procedure.

When aligning accessories (e.g., fibers, lenses, fiber optic adapters,) first align the spectrograph to the slit. Then, without disturbing the camera’s position, align the accessory using the same technique (i.e., while watching a live image).

76 ProEM-HS User Manual Issue 2

TIP:

6.3.5.1 Acton Series Spectrograph

Perform the following procedure to rotationally align the ProEM-HS system when using an Acton Series spectrograph:

1. If not already in place, mount a light source such as a Princeton Instruments IntelliCal

Hg/Ne-Ar Dual Switchable light source in front of the entrance slit.

Any light source with line output can be used. Standard fluorescent overhead lamps have good calibration lines as well. If there are no line sources available, a broadband source such as tungsten can be used. If this is the case, use a wavelength setting of

0.0 nm for alignment purposes.

2. Select the grating and set it to:

• 507.3 nm when using a mercury lamp, or

• 0.0 nm when using a broadband source.

Refer to Section 6.3.1, Equipment Setup, step 1 through step 5, for information.

3. Verify that the slit is set to 10 µm. If necessary, adjust the Exposure Time to maintain

optimum, near full-scale signal intensity.

4. Wait until the camera temperature locks at its default temperature.

5. Verify that the spectroscopy-mount adapter moves freely at the spectrograph. It may be

necessary to loosen the two set screws that lock the sliding tube in place.

6. From the WinSpec/32 menu bar, select Acquisition —> Focus to begin data acquisition.

Data will be continuously acquired and displayed but will not be stored.

7. Rotationally align the system using one of the following methods:

a. Rotate the camera while watching a live display of the spectral line.

Select a peak to monitor during the rotational alignment. This peak will go from broad to narrow and back to broad. Leave the camera rotation set for the narrowest achievable peak.

b. Acquire live images, and display the horizontal and vertical cursor bars.

Compare the vertical cursor bar to the spectral line displayed on the screen.

Rotate the camera until the spectral line on the screen is parallel with the vertical cursor bar.

c. Define and configure three ROIs:

— One at the top of the array;

— One in the middle of the array;

— One at the bottom of the array

From the WinSpec/32 menu bar, select click on the

ROI Setup tab. Configure each ROI to bin 10 rows.

Acquisition —> Experiment Setup and

Chapter 6 WinX/32 First Light 77

TIP:

From the WinSpec/32 menu bar, select Display —> Layout and configure the parameters as follows:

— General tab: 3d Graph is selected;

— 3D Layout tab: Z Axis Endpoints are %X = 0 and % Y = 40;

— Save as Default check box is checked.

Click

OK to display the three stacked graphs.

Align the large cursor with a prominent peak and rotate the detector until the peak aligns with the cursor in all three ROIs.

6.3.5.2 IsoPlane SCT-320 Spectrograph

The ProEM-HS attaches directly to a mounting plate on the IsoPlane. Therefore, the rotational alignment procedure is slightly different from that for an Acton Series spectrograph.

Perform the following procedure to rotationally align aProEM-HS camera with an IsoPlane spectrograph:

1. If not already in place, mount a light source such as a Princeton Instruments IntelliCal

Hg/Ne-Ar Dual Switchable light source in front of the entrance slit.

0.0 nm for alignment purposes.

2. Choose the grating and set the grating to:

• 507.3 nm when using a mercury source, or

• 0.0 nm when using a broadband source.

Refer to Section 6.3.1, Equipment Setup, step 1 through step 5, for information.

3. Set the slit to a minimum of 10 µm.

4. If necessary, adjust the Exposure Time to maintain optimum, near full-scale signal

intensity.

5. Wait until the camera temperature locks at its default temperature.

6. From the WinSpec/32 menu bar, select Acquisition —> Focus to begin data acquisition.

Data will be continuously acquired and displayed but will not be stored.

7. Use a 9/64” hex wrench to loosen the four (4) screws at the corners of the camera

mounting plate.

78 ProEM-HS User Manual Issue 2

NOTE:

8. Rotationally align the system using one of the following methods:

a. Rotate the camera while watching a live display of the spectral line.

Select a peak to monitor during the rotational alignment. This peak will go from broad to narrow and back to broad. Leave the camera rotation set for the narrowest achievable peak.

b. Acquire live images, and display the horizontal and vertical cursor bars.

Compare the vertical cursor bar to the spectral line displayed on the screen.

Rotate the camera until the spectral line on the screen is parallel with the vertical cursor bar.

c. Define and configure three ROIs:

— One at the top of the array;

— One in the middle of the array;

— One at the bottom of the array

From the WinSpec/32 menu bar, select click on the

ROI Setup tab. Configure each ROI to bin 10 rows.

From the WinSpec/32 menu bar, select

Acquisition —> Experiment Setup and

Display —> Layout and configure the

parameters as follows:

— General tab: 3d Graph is selected;

— 3D Layout tab: Z Axis Endpoints are %X = 0 and % Y = 40;

— Save as Default check box is checked.

Click

OK to display the three stacked graphs.

Align the large cursor with a prominent peak and rotate the detector until the peak aligns with the cursor in all three ROIs.

9. Once the system has been aligned, use the 9/64” hex wrench to tighten the four (4)

mounting plate screws.

6.3.6 Focus the System

Focusing is the process of moving the camera back and forth through the spectrograph’s focal plane while watching a live display in order to determine the optimal focus.

Detailed focusing procedures vary based on the specific spectrometer being used. Refer to the following sections for the focusing procedures for two Princeton Instruments spectrographs:

• Section 6.3.6.1, Acton Series Spectrograph, on page 79;

• Section 6.3.6.2, IsoPlane SCT-320 Spectrograph, on page 79.

If using a spectrograph that is not listed, refer to the manufacturer-supplied user manual for their recommended focusing procedure.

When focusing the system after installing an accessory (e.g., fibers, lenses, optical fiber adapters,) first focus the system. Then, without disturbing the camera’s position, focus the accessory using the same technique (i.e., while watching a live image).

Chapter 6 WinX/32 First Light 79

REFERENCES:

6.3.6.1 Acton Series Spectrograph

When focusing a system spectral lines should visibly go from broad to narrow and back to broad. A system is focused when, for a selected peak (or peaks):

• The intensity level is maximized, and

• FWHM is minimized.

The technique required to focus the ProEM-HS system depends on the specific Acton Series spectrograph being used.

• Long focal-length spectrographs (e.g., Acton SP-2300)

The mounting adapter includes a tube that slides inside another tube to move the camera in or out as required to achieve optimum focus.

• Short focal-length spectrographs

Typically a focusing mechanism is provided on the spectrograph itself which, when adjusted, will move the optics as required to achieve proper focus.

• No focusing adjustment

If no focusing adjustment is provided by the spectrograph or by the mounting hardware, the only option is to adjust the spectrograph’s focusing mirror.

Refer to the manufacturer’s supplied user manual for the spectrograph.

Perform the following procedure to focus an Acton Series spectrograph:

1. From the WinSpec/32 menu bar select Process —> Focus Helper… to activate the

Focus Helper function.

The Focus Helper can be used to determine the narrowest line width by automatically locating peaks as well as generating a report about peak characteristics during live data acquisition. Refer to WinSpec/32’s on-line help for additional information.

2. Slowly slide the mounting adapter tube in and out so that the camera goes in and out of

focus so that the optimal position can be determined.

3. Once focused, tighten the spectrograph set screws to secure the spectrograph adapter.

4. Click Stop to halt data acquisition.

6.3.6.2 IsoPlane SCT-320 Spectrograph

This procedure requires familiarity with the location of:

• The mounting plate;

• The micrometer compartment; and

• The locking set screw.

Refer to the IsoPlane User Manual supplied with the spectrograph for complete information.

Perform the following procedure to focus the ProEM-HS with an IsoPlane spectrograph:

1. Remove the cover from the Micrometer Compartment.

2. Using a 3/32” hex wrench, loosen the locking set screw.

3. While continuously acquiring data, adjust the micrometer until you maximize the

intensity level and minimize the FWHM of a selected peak or peaks.

80 ProEM-HS User Manual Issue 2

4. Tighten down the locking set screw.

5. Place the Micrometer Cover on the spectrograph.

6. Replace and tighten all cover screws.

7. Then stop acquisition.

6.3.7 Data Acquisition

Once the system has been successfully aligned and focused, perform the following procedure to begin live data acquisition:

1. Click Stop to halt operating in Focus mode.

2. Make any required changes to the experiment configuration and software parameters.

Changes may include:

• Adjusting the exposure time;

• Setting up an entrance slit shutter;

• Changing timing mode to External Sync;

• Lowering the temperature.

3. From the WinSpec/32 menu bar, select Acquisition —> Acquire to begin data

acquisition. Data are then acquired, displayed, and stored based on specific configuration settings.

4. Once data acquisition is complete, available options include:

• Leave the camera power on to allow the array temperature to remain locked for

future acquisitions;

• Shut down the system.

Refer to Section 6.4, Power Down Sequencing, on page 80 for the proper shut down procedure.

6.4 Power Down Sequencing

WinX/32 must be closed before turning off the power to the ProEM-HS camera. If the ProEM-HS is turned off before closing WinX/32, the communication link with the camera will be broken and data loss may occur.

Perform the following procedure to safely shut down the ProEM-HS system:

1. Close WinX/32.

2. Turn off power to the light source.

3. Turn off power to the spectrograph (when applicable.)

4. Turn off power to the ProEM-HS camera.

Chapter 7: Exposure and Signal

NOTE:

REFERENCES:

This chapter discusses the various factors that affect the signal acquired on an array, including exposure time, temperature, and saturation.

7.1 Exposure Time

Exposure time is the time between commands sent by the data acquisition software to start and stop signal accumulation on the sensor.

Exposure time is configured on the Experiment Setup —>

Main tab {Common Acquisition Settings expander}.

In combination with triggers these commands control when continuous cleaning of the CCD stops and when the accumulated signal will be read out.

Cleaning prevents the buildup of dark current and unwanted signal before the start of the exposure time. At the end of the exposure time, the CCD is readout and cleaning starts again.

The effective exposure time of an array depends on the active readout mode that has been configured:

• Frame Transfer

In this mode, the effective exposure time depends on the frame readout time. When the set exposure time is greater than or equal to the frame readout time, the effective exposure time is the set exposure time. However, if the set exposure time is less than the frame readout time, the first exposure will be the set exposure time and subsequent exposures in a sequence will be exposed for the frame readout time.

• Full Frame

In this mode, the effective exposure time is the set exposure time.

For additional information about these modes, refer to

Section 7.10.6, Exposure - Readout Modes, on page 95.

82 ProEM-HS User Manual Issue 2

NOTE:

7.2 Avalanche Gain {EM Gain}

As described previously, the ProEM-HS uses a unique EMCCD capable of multiplying the charge generated in the pixels. When the multiplication is sufficiently high, it is possible to see extremely low-light events. The amount of multiplication is controlled by the voltage applied to multiplication register clocks.

When

Multiplication Gain {Electron Multiplied} is selected on the Experiment Setup —>

ADC

tab {Analog to Digital Conversion expander}, Avalanche {EM Gain} can be

specified by entering the desired gain value on the

to Digital Conversion

expander}.

A Gain setting of one (1) corresponds to a no-gain state where the camera behaves like a standard high speed CCD with rather high read noise. As the result of EM gain calibration, values 1 to ~1000 are mapped linearly to the internal serial clock voltages that vary the multiplication gain for a one-to-one relationship between entered gain value and actual gain.

Although the ProEM-HS is capable of delivering large multiplication gain factors, EM gain should be used only as needed to preserve as much dynamic range as possible.

Since on-chip multiplication introduces increased noise and reduces effective dynamic range, it is recommended that the multiplication only be used as required. Typically, only <100x

EM gain is required to achieve <1 e Using higher EM gain does not improve signal-to-noise ratio, but can accelerate sensor EM gain aging while lowering effective dynamic range. For additional information, refer to technical note “On-Chip Multiplication Gain.” Refer to

Table 1-1 for document information.

Experiment Setup —> Main tab {Analog

rms effective read noise.

Chapter 7 Exposure and Signal 83

CAUTION!

NOTE:

7.3 EM Gain Calibration

Each ProEM-HS camera is factory-calibrated to provide linearized EM gain. Over time, however, aging of the EMCCD array may degrade gain linearity. Because aging appears to be a strong function of the amount of charge that flows through the multiplication register, users who consistently operate the camera at high gain at high light levels may need to recalibrate EM gain more frequently than those who are looking at lower light levels at lower gain.

To compensate for aging, each ProEM-HS contains a built-in shutter and light source that enables on-demand EM Gain Calibration to be performed. Once the EM gain calibration has been performed, the gain value entered in software will be the actual multiplication gain applied to the input signal.

Perform the following procedure to perform EM Gain Calibration in WinX/32 or LightField:

Never operate the ProEM-HS or access other applications while EM Gain Calibration is in progress.

1. Verify the camera has been turned on and is the only ProEM-HS camera connected to

the host computer.

2. If running, close the data acquisition program (i.e., WinView/32, WinSpec/32, or

LightField.)

3. If the ProEM-HS camera uses a manual shutter, close the shutter.

If the ProEM-HS includes an internal shutter, the calibration program will automatically shut it before starting the calibration.

4. On the host computer, navigate to the data acquisition program’s program directory and

locate the desired program. Supported calibration programs are:

• LightField: EmGainCalibration.exe

•WinX: EMCalibUtility.exe

5. Launch the desired program.

6. When the EM Gain Calibration dialog is displayed, the default temperature will be

automatically entered in the

7. When the Current temperature reaches the Target temperature, the Calibrate button

will become active.

8. Press the Calibrate button.

If the ProEM-HS includes an internal shutter:

• The shutter will close;

• The internal light turn on and illuminate the sensor;

• A succession of data frames will be acquired;

• The calibration map will be calculated.

Target field.

9. Once the calibration has been completed, close the Calibration dialog before launching

the data acquisition program.

A progress indicator is displayed during the calibration which may require up to 30 minutes to complete.

84 ProEM-HS User Manual Issue 2

NOTE:

7.4 CCD Temperature

Cooling a CCD generally enhances the quality of an acquired signal by reducing dark noise. In EMCCD cameras, lower temperatures also result in higher EM gain.

• When using WinX/32, temperature control is configured on the Setup —>

Detector Temperature

• When using LightField, temperature control is configured on the Sensor expander.

Initially, the default temperature appropriate for ProEM-HS is displayed.

Once the

Target Array Temperature {Temperature Setpoint} has been set, the software

controls the camera's cooling circuits to reach set array temperature. Once that temperature has been reached, the control loop locks to that temperature for stable and reproducible performance. When temperature lock has been reached (i.e., temperature remains within

0.05°C of the configured value,) the current temperature is

indication allows easy verification of temperature lock.

The time required to achieve lock can vary over a considerable range, depending on various factors such as:

• Camera type;

• CCD array type;

• Ambient temperature.

Although focusing can being as soon as lock occurs, waiting an additional 20 minutes before taking quantitative data is strongly recommended to all the system to achieve optimum thermal stability.

When vibration may affect results, the internal fan can be turned off as long as it has been verified that coolant is circulating through the camera to maintain the CCD cooling temperature. If the fan is turned off and there is no coolant circulating through the camera, the built-in thermo-protection switch may shut the camera down to prevent thermal damage. In the event that this occurs, wait about ten minutes, correct the situation that caused the shutdown, and re-power the camera.

The deepest operating temperature for a system depends on the CCD array size and packaging. Refer to Table A - 2 on page 158 for default cooling temperatures.

dialog.

Locked. The on-screen

If the CCD is cooled to low temperatures (i.e., colder than

-50°C,) exposure to ambient light will over-saturate it. This may increase dark charge significantly. If the camera remains saturated after all light sources are removed, the camera may need to return to room temperature in order to restore dark charge to its original level.

When operating a ProEM-HS camera at or above 20 MHz and binning is used, it is recommended that the camera be configured for a slightly higher temperature set point than usual. Heat generated by the CCD may result in the camera's temperature drifting/warming and not remaining in a locked temperature state. The recommended temperature set point

-50°C.

Chapter 7 Exposure and Signal 85

7.5 Dark Charge

Dark charge (or dark current) is the thermally induced buildup of charge in the CCD over time. The statistical noise associated with this charge is known as dark noise. Dark charge values vary widely from one CCD array to another and are temperature dependent.

With the light into the camera completely blocked, the CCD pixels accumulate thermally generated electrons, dependent on the exposure time and camera temperature. The longer the exposure time and the warmer the camera, the less uniform this background will appear. Thus, to minimize dark-charge effects, the camera should operate at the default CCD temperature.

7.6 Bias Active Stabilization Engine (BASE™)

All CCDs and EMCCDs produce a baseline output signal even when there is no incident light and the exposure is zero. Camera electronics process this information to produce what is known as a bias image. For quantitative applications, it is critical that the bias reference values be above zero. This allows the reference to be above zero so that the variation (i.e., read noise,) can be measured. When quantifying input light level, the bias value must be subtracted from the real signal frame.

In EMCCDs, due to complex nature of the sensor and its drive electronics, the bias can vary frame to frame depending on parameters including but not limited to the temperature, speed, and EM gain. To counter this, ProEM-HS has a built-in bias active stabilization engine or BASE™. The camera reads “overscan” pixels (i.e., pixels outside the region of the CCD to account for any change in bias,) and “actively” corrects bias frames. As a result, each bias frame is self-corrected independent of camera settings and the bias value remains stable over extended sequences.

Because active bias stabilization is enabled by default, no user input is required.

7.7 Clock Induced Charge (CIC)

Clock-induced charge (CIC) is a noise source that must be taken into account when operating EMCCDs at single-photon levels. As charge is shifted from pixel to pixel during readout, a random electron may be generated in the pixel purely due to clock transitions. Once an electron is generated in the pixel, it undergoes the same multiplication process as a photon-induced electron. Since this noise is generated during readout, it is independent of exposure time. Empirical tests show that CIC is only weakly dependent on the temperature of the sensor. Dark current, meanwhile, is a function of exposure time and is dependent on temperature.

Table 7-1: Comparison of Clock-Induced Charge and Dark Current

Source of noise electronic thermal

Function of exposure time no yes

Temperature dependent no (or weakly) yes

Units of measure e-/pixel/frame e-/pixel/second

The presence of CIC creates an error in photon estimation. The state-of-the-art ProEM-HS minimizes spurious charge by optimizing clock voltages and timing edges, down to

0.005 e

/pixel/frame.

CIC Dark Current

86 ProEM-HS User Manual Issue 2

CAUTION!

NOTE:

7.8 Saturation

ProEM-HS uses a special EMCCD to amplify input signal (electrons) to achieve low read noise. Although EMCCDs can withstand bright light sources (unlike intensified CCD cameras,) care must be exercised not to:

• Overexpose the CCD;

• Use excessive EM gain.

If the camera is used in high light conditions and with excessive EM gain, the EM gain rapidly degrades over time.

When signal levels in some part of the image are very high, charge generated in one pixel may exceed the “well capacity” of the pixel, spilling over into adjacent pixels in a process called “blooming.” In this case a shorter exposure is advisable, with signal averaging to enhance S/N (Signal-to-Noise ratio) accomplished through the software.

For signal levels low enough to be readout-noise limited, longer exposure times, and therefore longer signal accumulation in the CCD, will improve the S/N ratio approximately linearly with the length of exposure time. There is, however, a maximum time limit for onchip accumulation, determined by either the saturation of the CCD by the signal or the loss of dynamic range due to the buildup of dark charge in the pixels.

If a sudden change in the baseline signal is observed, there may be excessive humidity in the camera vacuum enclosure. Turn off the camera and contact Princeton Instruments Customer Support. Refer to Contact Information on page 184 for complete contact information.

Do not be concerned about the DC level of this background. What is observed is not noise. It is a fully subtractable bias pattern. Simply acquire and save a dark charge “background image” under conditions identical to those used to acquire the “actual” image. Subtracting the background image from the actual image will significantly reduce dark-charge effects.

Chapter 7 Exposure and Signal 87

NOTE:

7.9 Cleaning

The basic cleaning function is implemented by Clean Cycles. These cycles start when the camera is turned on and a clean pattern is programmed into the camera. Their purpose is to remove charge that accumulates on the array while the camera not acquiring data (i.e., exposing and reading out the array). Figure 7-1 illustrates the timing diagram for an experiment set up to acquire four (4) images in Freerun {No Response} timing mode. In this diagram clean cycles occur before the first exposure and after the last readout period.

Figure 7-1: Clean Cycles Timing Diagram

The start of the exposure is signaled by SCAN going high but will not occur until the current clean cycle has finished.

Clean Cycles are configured on the

Cleaning —>

Sensor expander}. When the camera is set up for the first time, default

Hardware Setup —> Cleans/Skips tab {the Sensor

values are automatically inserted into these fields. These values will provide the best results for most applications. Even so it is a good idea to know what these entries mean with regard to cleaning.

Table 7-2 provides information about the parameters used to configure Clean Cycles.

Table 7-2: Clean Cycle Configuration Parameters (Sheet 1 of 2)

Parameter Name

Description

WinX/32 LightField

Number of Cleans Number of Clean Cycles Specifies additional clean cycles that may be

required after a start exposure signal has been received and the current clean cycle has finished. The maximum value for this entry depends on the camera.

The typical value for this is 1.

Number of Strips per Clean Clean Cycle Height Configures the number of rows that are to be

shifted and discarded per clean cycle. Although configuring a large number of rows may result in the best cleaning of the array (e.g., the total number of rows in the array,) the trade off is there may be a significant delay between the receipt of a start exposure signal and the beginning of the actual exposure. This delay occurs because the current clean cycle must be completed before a start exposure signal received during the cycle will be implemented.

The default setting is much smaller. For time-critical experiments, set this to 1 or 2.

88 ProEM-HS User Manual Issue 2

Table 7-2: Clean Cycle Configuration Parameters (Sheet 2 of 2)

Parameter Name

Description

WinX/32 LightField

Clean Before Exposure Clean Before Exposure This parameter is supported only by cameras

using a Frame Transfer CCD. It is only available for selection when Full Frame mode is active.

Normally, cleaning occurs until the acquisition starts. When Clean Before Exposure is active, cleaning occurs until acquisition starts and the entire CCD will be cleaned once following readout. This is a clean operation for the next exposure and matters only when multiple images are taken with a short exposure time.

NOTE: Clean Before Exposure is not

supported when in a triggered mode.

Continuous Cleans Clean Until Trigger Supported when the start of an exposure is tied

to an external trigger.

• In WinX/32, this cleaning is active

when External Sync timing mode is selected.

• In LightField, this cleaning is active

when Trigger Response is set to Readout Per Trigger or Shift Per Trigger.

Skip Serial Register Clean

(deselected)

Clean Serial Register The Top margin inactive parallel strips on a

CCD are made up of the dark pixels that come before the active strips on a sensor as they exit to the serial register

When these are available (i.e., Pre Dummies {Top Margin} > 0), they serve the purpose of cleaning the serial register before readout of the active strips.

In LightField, if there are no inactive parallel strips (i.e., {Top Margin} = 0), selecting Clean Serial Register forces a clean of the serial register before readout of the active strips.

Chapter 7 Exposure and Signal 89

NOTE:

4411-0149_0051

MULTIPLICATION GAIN

LOW NOISE

HIGH-SPEED LOW LIGHT

STANDARD, HIGH DYNAMIC

APPLICATIONS

RANGE APPLICATIONS

FRAME-TRANSFER AREA

SENSOR AREA

STANDARD SERIAL REGISTER

READOUT AMPLIFIER

NORMAL VOLTAGE CLOCK

HIGH VOLTAGE CLOCK

OUTPUT OR SENSOR NODE

EXTENDED MULTIPLICATION REGISTER

READOUT AMPLIFIER OUTPUT OR SENSOR NODE

7.10 Readout

ProEM-HS cameras use frame transfer CCDs with an equal number of active pixels as frame transfer, or masked, pixels as illustrated in Figure 7-2.

Typically there are additional rows and columns for internal reference.

Figure 7-2: EMCCD Array Structure

In standard frame transfer mode, the sensor area is exposed for specified time. The acquired image data are then transferred to frame transfer area before reading the data out via the multiplication gain register or standard serial register.

Regions of Interest (ROI) and/or binning can be used to improve the time resolution, limited to a millisecond regime. For more information about the CCD exposure-readout operations, refer to Section 7.10.6, Exposure - Readout Modes, on page 95.

WinX and LightField allow you to specify the type of readout (full frame or binned), the output amplifier, and the gain (the number of electrons required to generate an ADU).

90 ProEM-HS User Manual Issue 2

REFERENCES:

NOTE:

7.10.1 Dual-Readout Port Operation

The ProEM-HS camera is configured with software-selectable dual-readout amplifiers, also referred to as ports. See Figure 7-2.

If the camera is configured with two readout amplifiers, the software automatically supports port selection.

Refer to your application-specific user manual for information about readout amplifier/port selection. Refer to Tab le 1-1 for specific document numbers and titles.

The two amplifiers/ports are:

• Multiplication Gain {Electron Multiplied}

When this port is selected, the EM gain value can be configured on the

Setup —> Main

tab {Analog to Digital Conversion expander}. Since the multiplication gain can be used to overcome the read noise of the fast amplifier, this mode is most useful in applications requiring low-light sensitivity at high frame rates (e.g., Single molecule fluorescence, ion imaging, etc.). Only 25x - 100x EM gain is required to overcome the read noise of the camera. Using excessive EM gain will not improve the overall signal to noise ratio (SNR).

Experiment

An image read out of the Multiplication Gain {Electron Multiplied} port is the mirror image of the same image read out of the Low Noise port. Unless the application software automatically corrects the orientation when the selected port changes, it may be necessary to specify that the image be flipped horizontally.

• Low Noise

When the camera is using this amplifier, electrons (i.e., signal,) generated in pixels are clocked through the standard serial register. The amplifier is designed to take advantage of the dynamic range of the CCD and is most useful when the frame rate is not critical. (e.g., bright field, fixed cell fluorescence, etc.)

An image read out of the Low Noise port is the mirror image of the same image read out of the Multiplication Gain {Electron Multiplied} port. Unless the application software automatically corrects the orientation when the selected port changes, it may be necessary to specify that the image be flipped horizontally.

Chapter 7 Exposure and Signal 91

7.10.2 Controller Gain {Analog Gain}

Controller Gain {Analog Gain} is software-selectable and is used to change the relationship between the number of electrons acquired on the CCD and the Analog-to-Digital Units (ADUs, or counts,) generated.

Selecting the amount of gain is done on the tab {

Analog to Digital Conversion expander}.

Valid settings are:

• 1 {Low}

This setting is suitable for applications where high-level signals are measured. This option allows the digitization of larger signals.

• 2 {Medium}

This setting is suitable for experiments within the mid-level intensity range.

• 3 {High}.

This setting is suitable for applications where low-level signals are continually measured. This selection requires fewer electrons to generate an ADU and reduces some sources of noise.

Table 7-3 summarizes typical controller gain values for a ProEM-HS camera.

Table 7-3: Typical Controller Gains

Acquisition —> Experiment Setup… —> ADC

Typical Gain

Readout Amplifier (Port)

Setting

Multiplication Gain {Electron Multiplied} 1 {Low} 12

2 {Medium} 6

3 {High} 3

Low Noise 1 {Low} 3.2

2 {Medium} 1.6

3 {High} 0.8

(e-/ADU)

The Certificate of Performance supplied with each ProEM-HS camera lists the measured gain values at all settings.

92 ProEM-HS User Manual Issue 2

REFERENCES:

NOTES:

7.10.3 Readout Rate

Refer to Table A-1, CCD Array Specifications, on page 157 for specific readout rates for each ProEM-HS camera.

The Low Noise readout port is ideal when high speed acquisition is not required and/or long integration times can be used to build up the signal. Lower readout speeds (e.g., 100 kHz,) and lack of excess noise in this mode offers better signal to noise ratio when high frame rate is not required.

Conversely, increased frame readout rate can be achieved by implementing a number of techniques, including:

• Higher readout speed;

• Subregion selection;

• Binning.

7.10.4 Regions of Interest (ROI)

A Region of Interest (ROI) may be defined as an entire CCD array or it may be a rectangular subregion of the array.

An ROI is defined in the X and Y direction by:

• A start pixel;

• An end pixel;

• A group/height (binning) factor.

After one or more regions have been defined and stored, the data acquisition software uses these regions to determine which information is to be read out and displayed, and which information is to be discarded.

1. For Flatfield Correction, Background Subtraction, etc., the

images must be exactly the same size.

2. References to X and Y axes assume that the shift register is

parallel to the X-axis and that the data are shifted to the shift register in the Y direction.

3. Depending on the data acquisition software being used, the

horizontal axis may be called X or Wavelength.

Chapter 7 Exposure and Signal 93

CAUTION!

7.10.4.1 LightField

The configuration of ROIs is done on the

Region of Interest expander.

When ROIs are used to acquire data, configuration information for all defined ROIs is stored in the data file when the data are saved. The information for the active data display can be reviewed using the

Viewer —> Data Options

Show File Information function accessed from the Comparison

menu.

7.10.4.2 WinX/32

Depending on the size of the ROI to be defined, it can be configured in one of two ways:

• The Easy Bin dialog;

This is accessed from the menu bar by selecting

Acquisition —> Easy Bin.

This is the simplest method of defining a single full-chip-width ROI.

• The ROI Setup tab,

This is accessed from the menu bar by selecting

Setup

Acquisition —> Experiment

ROI Setup allows ROIs to be created with greater flexibility in chip location and width.

When ROIs are used to acquire data, configuration information for the first 10 ROIs is stored in the data file when the data are saved. The information for the active data display can be reviewed using the

Display Context menu.

File Information function accessed from either the File or

7.10.4.3 WinX/32 Examples

The following examples include partial frame ROIs with and without binning.

•X Start to End = 200 pixels, no grouping (binning).

Since 200/4=50, this is a valid ROI setup.

•X Start to End = 200 pixels and grouping (binning) is by 8.

The resulting number of super pixels is 25. Since 25/4=6.25, this is not a valid ROI setting for the horizontal direction in WinX. However, this setting would be valid in LightField.

•X Start to End = 240 pixels, no grouping (binning).

Since 240/4=60 this is a valid ROI setup.

•X Start to End = 240 pixels and grouping (binning) is by 3.

The resulting number of super pixels is 80. Since 80/4=20, this is a valid ROI setup.

•X Start to End = 240 pixels and grouping (binning) is by 16.

The resulting number of super pixels is 15. Since 15/4=3.75, this is not a valid ROI setting for the horizontal direction in WinX. However, this setting would be valid in LightField.

When configuring a partial frame ROI, the number of pixels in the serial (horizontal) direction must be evenly divisible by 4, even after binning.

94 ProEM-HS User Manual Issue 2

NOTE:

7.10.5 Binning

Binning is the process of combining multiple pixels into one super pixel and can increase

sensitivity and frame rate. Conversely, binning also reduces spatial resolution.

The ProEM-HS supports flexible vertical binning as well as binning of 2x – 32x in the horizontal direction.

When binning in WinX/32, the resulting number of super pixels in the horizontal direction must be evenly divisible by 4.

This constraint does not apply to LightField.

7.10.5.1 Array Orientation

ProEM-HS cameras use square CCDs. Therefore, binning can be performed along either direction of the CCD.

• Binning along columns (parallel mode) provides increased scan rates and improved

Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR.)

• Binning along the rows (perpendicular mode) minimizes crosstalk and is therefore

better for multi-spectral applications. The drawback to this method is that scanning is slower and noise may increase somewhat.

See Figure 7-3.

Figure 7-3: Binning and Array Orientation

Switch between these orientations is easily achieved by rotating the camera 90° and changing the binning parameters within the application software.

Chapter 7 Exposure and Signal 95

NOTE:

REFERENCES:

NOTE:

7.10.6 Exposure - Readout Modes

The frame transfer CCD used by the ProEM-HS supports the following readout modes:

• Frame Transfer;

• Full Frame/sequential;

• Kinetics;

• Spectra-Kinetics.

When using Frame Transfer mode, be aware that the set exposure time may not be the effective exposure time.

Kinetics and Spectra-Kinetics are typically options for the frame transfer ProEM-HS cameras. For additional information about these readout modes, refer to:

• Chapter 9, Kinetics Mode, on page 109;

• Section 9.6, Spectra-Kinetics Option, on page 118.

7.10.6.1 Frame Transfer Mode (Simultaneous Exposure-Readout)

Frame Transfer mode is extremely useful in applications requiring continuous imaging (i.e., 100% duty cycle.) Once a frame has been exposed and transferred into the frame transfer area, the next exposure starts immediately and continues until the previous frame has been read out of the frame transfer area or until the exposure time has finished, whichever is longer.

The minimum effective exposure time for this mode is the readout time.

This mode of operation allows a specimen to be continuously imaged in order to obtain better kinetic information about a process.

In both WinX/32 and LightField, Frame Transfer is the default mode of operation for cameras with frame transfer CCDs. If necessary, the readout mode can be changed on the

Hardware Setup/Controller/Camera tab {Sensor expander}.

The simultaneous exposure-readout mechanism is illustrated in the following examples.

96 ProEM-HS User Manual Issue 2

NOTE:

TIMING INFORMATION IS FOR ILLUSTRATION PURPOSE ONLY. S

PECIFIC READOUT TIMES VARY DEPENDING ON THE MODEL.

Example 1: Frame Transfer Mode when Exposure Time < Readout Time

Consider an application where full frame readout is 30 ms, the exposure time is 10 ms, and three frames are acquired in Frame Transfer mode.

The first frame is exposed precisely for the length of time entered into the software (i.e., 10 ms,) and all subsequent frames are exposed for the readout time.

The total time necessary to acquire 3 frames is then:

(3 30ms) + 10ms = 100 ms

This is equivalent to a frame rate of 33.33 fps (i.e., 3 frames  0.100 seconds.)

Because the first frame is exposed for 10 ms and the others for 30 ms, the first frame may appear dimmer when compared with the other frames that have been acquired.

In Frame Transfer mode when exposure time < readout time, the total time (T

) required to

capture N frames is calculated using the formula:

= (t

 N) + t

exp

Where:

• T

• t

• N = total number of frames in a sequence

• t

= Total time required to capture a sequence of N frames

= readout time for one frame

= exposure time

exp

Figure 7-4 illustrates a typical timing diagram.

Figure 7-4: Frame Transfer Mode Timing Diagram: Exposure Time < Readout Time

Chapter 7 Exposure and Signal 97

TIMING INFORMATION IS FOR ILLUSTRATION PURPOSE ONLY. S

PECIFIC READOUT TIMES VARY DEPENDING ON THE MODEL.

Example 2: Frame Transfer Mode when Exposure Time > Readout Time

If the exposure time is set to 50 ms with the readout time remaining at 30 ms, the time required to acquire three frames is:

(3  50 ms) + 30 ms = 180 ms

This is equivalent to a frame rate of 16.67 fps.

In Frame Transfer mode when exposure time > readout time, the total time (T

) required to

capture N frames is calculated using the formula:

= (t

exp

 N) + t

Where:

• T

• t

• N = total number of frames in a sequence

• t

= Total time taken to capture a sequence of N frames

= exposure time

exp

= readout time for one frame

From the timing diagram shown in Figure 7-5, it can be seen that because the exposure time is greater than the readout time, all frames are precisely exposed for the duration entered into the software and have similar intensities.

Figure 7-5: Frame Transfer Mode Timing Diagram: Exposure Time > Readout Time

98 ProEM-HS User Manual Issue 2

NOTE:

7.10.6.2 Full Frame (Sequential) Mode for Frame-Transfer EMCCD

Full Frame mode allows an array to be exposed for the exposure time specified in the software and is similar in performance to a normal, full-frame CCD device. See Figure 7-6.

Figure 7-6: Typical EMCCD Array Structure

The operational sequence for this mode is:

1. Clean the CCD.

2. Expose for the specified exposure time.

3. Shift the image from the sensor area to the frame-transfer area.

4. Read out the CCD.

These four steps are repeated for each frame in a sequence. Both step 1 and step 3 require minimal time and do not significantly affect the frame rate.

In WinX/32, Full Frame mode is selected from

Hardware Setup —> Controller/Camera

tab.

In LightField, Full Frame mode is selected on the

Example: Full Frame Mode for Frame-Transfer EMCCD

Sensor expander.

In this example, the exposure time is 10 ms and the readout time is 30 ms. The total time required to acquire three frames is:

This is equivalent to a frame rate of 25 fps (i.e., 3 frames  0.120 seconds.

The exposure and readout times listed are for illustration purpose only. Actual values may vary. Refer to the ProEM-HS data sheet for actual readout times.

As shown in Figure 7-7, exposure and readout are carried out in a sequential fashion. As a result, each frame in the sequence is precisely exposed for the time specified (i.e., 10 ms.)

Figure 7-7 illustrates the timing diagram when operating in Full Frame mode.

(3  10 ms) + (3 30 ms) = 120 ms

Chapter 7 Exposure and Signal 99

NOTE:

TIMING INFORMATION IS FOR ILLUSTRATION PURPOSE ONLY. S

PECIFIC READOUT TIMES VARY DEPENDING ON THE MODEL.

Figure 7-7: Timing Diagram: Full Frame Mode

7.10.6.3 Full Frame Readout for Full Frame EMCCD

In Figure 7-8, the diagram in the upper-left corner represents a full frame EMCCD after exposure but before the beginning of readout. The capital letters represent different amounts of charge, including both signal and dark charge. This section explains readout at full resolution, where every pixel is digitized separately. In this drawing, the charge is being read out of the Low Noise port.

The Multiplication {Electron Multiplied} port is not shown in this drawing.

Figure 7-8: Full Frame at Full Resolution

100 ProEM-HS User Manual Issue 2

Readout of the CCD begins with the simultaneous shifting of all pixels one row toward the “shift register,” in this case the row on the top. The shift register is a single line of pixels along the edge of the EMCCD, not sensitive to light and used for readout only. Typically the shift register pixels hold twice as much charge as the pixels in the imaging area of the CCD.

After the first row is moved into the shift register, the charge now in the shift register is shifted toward the output node, located at one end of the shift register. As each value is “emptied” into this node it is digitized. Only after all pixels in the first row are digitized is the second row moved into the shift register. The order of shifting in our example is

therefore A1, B1, C1, D1, A2, B2, C2, D2, A3.... After charge is shifted out of each pixel,

the remaining charge is zero, meaning that the array is immediately ready for the next exposure.

A subsection of the CCD can be read out at full resolution, sometimes dramatically increasing the readout rate while retaining the highest resolution in the region of interest (ROI).

7.10.7 Readout Time

Readout time is calculated based on the current ROI/Binning/Vertical shift rate settings.

• In WinX/32, Readout Time is viewed by going to the Acquisition menu and

selecting

• In LightField, Readout Time is reported on the Sensor expander.

Readout Time….

Princeton ProEM-HS User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual