The information in this document is subject to change without notice and
describes only the product defined in the Introduction of this documentation.
This document is intended for the use by LGP Telecom customers only for
the purposes of the agreement under which the document is submitted, and
no part of it may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or means without
the prior written permission of LGP Telecom. The document has been
prepared to be used by professional and properly trained personnel, and the
customer assumes full responsibility when using it. LGP Telecom welcomes
customer comments as part of the process of continuous development and
improvement of the documentation.
The information or statements given in this document concerning the
suitability, capacity, or performance of the mentioned hardware or software
products cannot be considered binding but shall be defined in the agreement
made between LGP Telecom and the customer. However, LGP Telecom has
made all reasonable efforts to ensure that the instructions contained in the
document are adequate and free of material errors and omissions. LGP
Telecom will, if necessary, explain issues which may not be covered by the
document.
LGP Telecom liability for any errors in the document is limited to the
documentary correction of errors. LGP Telecom WILL NOT BE
RESPONSIBLE IN ANY EVENT FOR ERRORS IN THIS DOCUMENT OR
FOR ANY DAMAGES, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL (INCLUDING
MONETARY LOSSES), that might arise from the use of this document or the
information in it.
This document and the product it describes are considered protected by
copyright according to the applicable laws.
LGP Telecom logo is a registered trademark of LGP Telecom AB.
Other product names mentioned in this document may be trademarks of their
respective companies, and they are mentioned for identification purposes
only.
Thank you for choosing a product from LGP Telecom. This product has been
carefully developed with your satisfaction in mind. LGP Telecom believes in
long relationships with its customers and the importance of good support.
2.1.1 LGP home page
LGP Telecom’s web site provides some public available TMB documentation
as well as the latest news on new products and product options.
LGP Telecom’s home page: http://www.lgp.com
2.1.2 Contact LGP
For further documentation, product information, questions, suggestions or
complaints, please contact your nearest LGP office or representative. You
will find an up-to-date list of offices and representatives on our home page.
You may also call the LGP Telecom head office and ask for Technical
Support.
This set of documents describes the LGP Tower Mounted Boosters,
release 1. The documentation has been divided into sections, most sections
describing a specific user task.
The document format is Adobe’s PDF (Portable Document Format). The
documents can be viewed and printed with any computer running Adobe
Acrobat® Reader, version 2.1 or later. Acrobat® Reader is freeware from
Adobe Systems Incorporated.
2.2.2 TMB models
The documentation for LGP TMBs is valid for the following TMB models:
LGP 00901: P-GSM 900 (115/230 VAC)
LGP 00902: P-GSM 900 (48 VDC)
LGP 00903: E-GSM 900 (115/230 VAC)
LGP 00904: E-GSM 900 (48 VDC)
LGP 01001: GSM 1800 (115/230 VAC)
LGP 01002: GSM 1800 (48 VDC)
LGP 01101: GSM 1900 EDGE (115/230 VAC) for external LNA
LGP 01102: GSM 1900 EDGE (48 VDC) for external LNA
LGP 01105: GSM 1900 EDGE (115/230 VAC) with internal LNA
LGP 01106: GSM 1900 EDGE (48 VDC) with internal LNA
LGP 01201: CIU for TMB900
LGP 01202: CIU for TMB1800
LGP 01203: CIU for TMB1900
LGP 16901: Current Injector Kit for TMB-900, 48V models.
LGP 16902: Current Injector Kit for TMB-1800/1900, 48V models.
2.2.3 Disclaimer
The contents of these documents are subject to revision without notice due to
continued progress in methodology, design, and manufacturing. LGP
Telecom AB or its subsidiaries assume no legal responsibility for any error or
damage resulting from the use of these documents.
ARP Antenna Reference Point
BTS Base Transceiver Station
BW Bandwidth
CIN Current Injector
CIU Control Interface Unit
CSU Control Surveillance Unit
CW Continuos Wave
EDGE Enhanced Data for GSM Extension
E-GSM Extended GSM
GSM Global System for Mobile communications
HPA High Power Amplifier
IM Intermodulation
LED Light Emitting Diode
LNA Low Noise Amplifier
MRT Mean Repair Time
MS Mobile Station
MTBF Mean Time Between Failure
MTTR Mean Time To Restoration
NF Noise Figure
O&M Operation & Maintenance
PBU Power Back-up Unit
PSU Power Supply Unit
TMA Tower Mounted Amplifier (Low Noise)
TMB Tower Mounted Booster
Figure 1 shows a block-diagram of the LGP TMB system with an external
Control Interface Unit. For module functionality descriptions, see the following
sections. For technical data, refer to the “Specifications” part of this document
(Chapter 8).
The TMB system includes:
• a 2-carrier integrated Tower Mounted Booster unit (TMB)
• one Control Interface Unit (CIU)
• one software package
and various optional installation kits.
TMB SYSTEM
ARP.1ARP.2
DUPLEXFILTER
PA
DUPLEXFILTER
Tx1/Rx1
LNA
DUPLEXFILTER
PA
DUPLEXFILTER
Tx2/Rx2
LNA
Comm.
PSU
CSU
MODEM
POWER :
110 VAC,
230 V AC or
48 V DC
CIU
MODEM
CONTR-
OLLER
BTS
COMM.
INTERFACE
Figure 1a. Functional diagram of TMB with external CIU
The TMB contains one dual duplexer for each carrier; one duplexer at the
antenna port and one duplexer at the BTS port. A high power amplifier (HPA)
is in the Tx path (downlink), and a low noise amplifier (LNA) is in the Rx path
(uplink).
The TMB contains a switch mode power supply unit (PSU). The power supply
is available as either an AC or a DC version (115/230 VAC or +48 VDC).
The micro controller (CSU) handles all monitoring of the TMB as well as
communication to the CIU. Communication to the CIU is achieved via the RF
modem.
The CIU is the main interface to the BTS. The CIU contains the physical
alarm interface to the BTS, which is relay contacts (3 pole), as well as the
infrared PC interface and the serial RS232 interface.
3.2 TMB-1900
The TMB-1900 is available in two configurations: With and without in-build
LNA.
The TMB-1900 with in-build LNAs is intended for Tower Top mounting close
to the antenna and is equivalent to TMB-900 and TMB-1800 as described in
figure 1a.
The TMB-1900 without LNAs is intended for base mounting close to the base
station and includes support (power supply and alarm interface) for four
external TMAs to be mounted close to the antennas. The functional diagram
is shown in figure 1b.
The TMB enclosure is made of aluminium. All screws are made of stainless
steel. All metallic interconnections have seals which prevent dust and
humidity from entering the unit.
Figure 2 shows the mechanical layout of the TMB.
Front cover
Figure 2 TMB mechanical layout
Rear heat sink
Side ventilation
Side heat sink
Front cover
The TMB front cover is attached to the large heat sink on the back of the unit
as well as to the bottom plate. The cover is made of aluminium.
Note: Do not remove the front cover. Unauthorised opening of the TMB will
destroy the seals and will void LGP Telecom’s product warranty.
The large heat sink on the rear of the TMB forms the back of the TMB. In
most installations the heat sink is protected from direct sun (solar radiation,
heat) due to the mounting plate and structure on which the TMB is fitted.
Although the TMB is designed to withstand direct sun, it is recommended to
prevent/minimise direct exposure to solar radiation.
The air-gap between the main heat sink and the mounting plate serves as a
“chimney”, to which airflow should not be restricted.
Note: Do not paint the heat sink.
Note: Do not restrict free airflow to the rear heat sink.
Side heat sink
The smaller heat sink located on the right hand side of the TMB provides
heat sink for the power supply.
Note: Restriction of free airflow to the heat sink must be avoided.
Note: Do not paint the heat sink.
Side ventilation
The left side of the TMB contains the ventilation system. The ventilation
design works in such a way that any moisture (condensation) inside the TMB
will be vented out. The arrangement will accept direct rain (tropical rain). The
unit is IP65 classified.
Note: Restriction of free air to this part must be avoided.
Handle
The handle is to be used when hand carrying the unit or lifting the unit up
onto a tower. The handle can be left attached to the TMB after installation
(recommended) or removed.
The CIU is the remote control element of the TMB system. The CIU handles
all communications with the BTS as well as a PC during setup.
Having the controller of the TMB system as a remote unit enables a flexible
installation. The CIU interfaces with the TMB via a RF modem using a coaxial
cable (TNC connector).
The small size of the CIU will in some cases allow for installation inside the
macro BTS. However, the CIU is shielded according to IP55 and does not
require additional weather protection. Therefore an outdoor installation of the
CIU next to a micro BTS is an example of an alternative highlighting the
flexibility of installation.
The CIU is powered via the communication cable between the TMB and the
CIU and does not need a separate power supply line.
The CIU contains three types of interfaces:
• RS232
• Alarm relay contacts
The alarm lines are relay contacts (closed or open). See “Operation” chapter
for more detail.
The CIU is the “master” and the TMB the “slave” in the overall control
architecture of the TMB system. Both the TMB and the CIU contains
microprocessors with peripheral memory circuits. The control architecture is
however very robust. In case the connection between the CIU and the TMB is
lost (broken cable) the TMB will continue service without interruption using its
current settings. However, no alarms or new settings can be handled until the
TMB/CIU interface is re-established.
Software updates (user interface software) can be downloaded into the CIU
via the RS232 interface. This software is stored in flash PROM. For
downloading procedure please see “Operation”.
RS-232 interface can also be used to remotely access the TMB using a
GSM-type modem or data-enabled handset. This is described in chapter 6.
The antennas are connected to the antenna ports (“ANT”) of the TMB via a
standard RF jumper cable and aligned traditionally to give coverage in the
intended area. Virtually any antennas can be used given the desired
coverage pattern. Dual polarised antennas can be used with one TRX on
each polarisation.
The only requirement is that the antenna isolation between the two TRX’s is
better than 30 dB (ETSI requirement for cross-polar antennas) to comply with
–120 dBm reverse intermodulation specification. Antenna isolation may on a
real site installation be lower than stated by the manufacturer due to
reflections. If the isolation of minimum 30 dB between antennas (or between
the two polarisations inside a dual polarised antenna) is not fulfilled, a
different frequency planning will solve the problem.
3.7 Feeder cables
The BTS feeder cables are connected to the TMB “BTS” port. Virtually any
type of RF feeders can be used. The concept of using TMBs means that the
high power is being generated at the antenna, which means that feeder loss
is relatively uncritical. As the power supply to the TMB is using a separate
cable, even thin lossy RF feeders can be used. Using thin RF feeders might
result in more flexible and easier installations.
Using thin RF feeders has also a big cost impact on the site cost.
Note:Using thin RF feeders, which result in high loss, will however mean
that the output power will be very low if the by-pass mode is
activated, as the total attenuation in this case is very high.
Note:Using thin RF feeder cables cannot be combined with the CIN
option.
Note:It is recommended to use jumper cables from the feeder lines to the
TMB to avoid stress in the connectors on the TMB.
3.8 Software diskette or CD
The TMB is controlled by a client software installed on a PC. The Windows
based software is supplied with the unit. Installation of the software is
described on the page that pops up on the screen when the CD is inserted,
or in the “readme.txt” file on the diskette. It is also described in chapter
“Configuration & Operation” of this manual.
Various cables are supplied as options with the TMB. You may want to
configure your own cables, in this case consult “Installation”.
CIU – TMB comm. cable: The TMB is controlled by the CIU. A thin (RG58 or
similar) coaxial cable is needed to connect the two units. The cable type is
uncritical and maximum allowed cable attenuation between the CIU and the
TMB is 20 dB @10 MHz and 10 ohm DC resistance. This means that the
choice of communication cable type is relatively free and flexible allowing for
high degree of freedom in terms of installation.
Note: The cable must be fitted with watertight TNC type male connectors
at both ends. Proposed is Huber & Suhner type 11TNC–50-3-6 or
equivalent.
CIU – BTS alarm cable: The CIU-BTS alarm cable interfaces the TMB alarms
to the BTS via the CIU. There is a total of 4 alarm relays on the CIU available
for wiring up to the external alarm interface on the BTS. The relays have
three terminals allowing for either “normal closed” or “normal open”. The
wires are attached inside the CIU by simple screw terminals. The relays are
operated as failsafe. This means that the relays are engaged during normal
operation.
Note: Be sure to tighten the water tight cable gland arrangement for the
alarm cable.
CIU – RS232 cable: This cable provides the interface between the CIU and a
BTS controller or a PC - using the on-board RS232 interface connection on
the CIU.
Note: Place moisture cap on CIU’s RS232 connector when the RS232
cable is not attached.
See “Installation” concerning cable configuration.
3.10 Alternative installation using only RF feeders (CIN option)
A Current Injector (CIN) option is available for the 48V DC version of the
TMB. This eliminates the need for a separate power cable and the CIU-TMB
cable. A CIN is mounted external to the TMB on the BTS2 port. A similar CIN
is then mounted at the BTS on the feeder that connects to BTS2 of the TMB.
The DC power to the TMB and the communication between the TMB and the
CIU is now all done on one of the RF feeders.
In this case the CIU will be connected to the BTS CIN. The 48V supply will
also be connected to the BTS CIN.
The details of the CIN installation is described in chapter 4.10.
3.11 Alarms
The following table shows the available alarms on the TMB (per carrier).
Uplink minor (one LNA) failure
Uplink major (both LNA’s) failure
Downlink minor (HPA) failure
Downlink major (HPA) failure
Temperature high/low
Input power overload
Output power overload
VSWR above threshold (available at additional cost)
TMB communication error
TMA alarm (TMB-1900 only)
All alarms can be monitored on the O&M interface. A total of 4 relays (12
wires) are available from the CIU to the BTS. Software configuration
determines which alarms are presented to the BTS. Normally closed (NC) or
normally open (NO) for all relays can be configured independently.
The relay operation is ‘fail-safe’, meaning that the relays will engage during
normal operation, and will disengage when there is an alarm condition. This
also means that a power failure will generate an alarm condition.
The TMB system operates with “Auto Recovery”, meaning that it
automatically will try to come back to normal operation / performance
following an alarm situation.
Uplink failure alarm has two levels, minor and major. This alarm is indicating
that the low-noise amplifiers are deviating from original setting/performances.
The uplink LNA amplifiers are balanced, i.e. two LNA devices working in
parallel for each carrier.
A minor alarm will be activated if one of the LNA amplifiers of a balanced pair
is failing. A major alarm is activated if both LNAs are out of operation.
It is configurable by software, what action shall be taken upon an uplink
failure. You have the choice between:
For Uplink Minor alarm For Uplink Major alarm
Alarm only Alarm only
Increase gain in LNA By-pass mode
“Increase gain in LNA”: An action that can be set to compensate for a failing
transistor. In this case the “surviving” transistor will “attempt” to bring back the
uplink gain to the original value by increasing its gain and thereby
compensate for the failing transistor. This can be used if the uplink gain is set
lower than the maximum gain (12 dB).
“By-pass mode”: The by-pass relay will be activated upon a transistor failure,
and the entire uplink LNA amplifier by-passed.
“Alarm only”: This setting will only report an uplink amplifier failure, but will
take no further action.
3.11.2 Downlink failure
The downlink failure alarm has two levels, minor and major. This alarm
indicates that the power amplifiers are deviating from original
setting/performance.
A minor alarm will be generated if the TMB system automatically reduces the
output power, either because of “output overload” (see below) or because of
an internal decision by the system in order to prevent destruction of the TMB
(see below as well). The TMB system will revert to normal setting when the
fault condition disappears.
Downlink major failure alarm will be generated if there is a fatal error with the
power amplifiers, i.e. transistor failure. Upon such a failure, the PIN diode
switch will be activated automatically and will by-pass the power amplifier.
3.11.3 Temperature high/low
The temperature inside the TMB is monitored at three test points: on the two
power amplifiers and on the power supply. The temperatures are shown on
the Info or Status menu in the control software.
The “Temperature Low” alarm is a minor alarm and may show up at cold
start, when the TMB is started up from extreme cold temperatures like –40
ºC. In this extreme situation the TMB may run with reduced output power until
the temperature inside the TMB has reached a level where it is safe to run
the TMB with max output power (2 x 20 W).
This “Temperature Low” alarm will not be set, if the TMB is already running in
normal traffic mode and the outside temperature falls to- 40 ºC. In this case
the self heating of the TMB is sufficient to maintain full performance.
“Temperature High” alarm will be set, if the TMB gets overheated. The TMB
is designed for an ambient temperature of up to +55 ºC and designed to be
exposed to direct sunlight. However, in order to protect the TMB from
destruction and ensure prolonged trouble-free operation (high MTBF), the
system monitors extreme high temperatures.
At a “Temperature High” alarm a minor alarm will be sent and the TMB will
automatically reduce the output power gradually and ensure that the internal
temperature does not exceed +85 ºC.
When this “normal” temperature level is reached the TMB will revert to its
original power setting. This reduction of output power is considered a
‘downlink minor alarm’.
3.11.4 Input overload
The TMB is designed to withstand +43 dBm input power (20 W). Exceeding
+43 dBm may damage the TMB.
The “Input Overload” alarm will be raised when the input power level is
reaching a critical high level. The input power level will together with the
current gain setting determine how strong the internal circuitry (bypass,
power amplifiers, etc.) is driven. In other words: is there a risk of product
destruction, extreme intermodulation levels, etc.?
In this case the TMB will automatically reduce the gain to avoid overload and
thereby prevent the TMB from saturation and destruction.
If the TMB downlink gain is already set at minimum (5 dB) the gain cannot be
reduced further and the system is not able to compensate for this false
operation of input overload.
The input overload alarm will always be preceded by the output overload
alarm, as the output saturates before the input is damaged.
3.11.5 Output overload
The TMB is designed to run at maximum 20 watt output power (+43 dBm).
Exceeding +43 dBm output power results in the power transistors entering
their saturation level and the heat generation will increase dramatically.
If the TMB is operating with a certain gain value, which results in full output
power (+43 dBm), and the input power is subsequently increased, then due
to the fixed gain, the power amplifiers will be pushed into saturation.
A saturated power amplifier will generate intermodulation and may cause
interference. Overheating of the TMB will reduce the lifetime of the TMB
(MTBF). Consequently the TMB system will send an “Output Overload” alarm
and reduce the gain to a non-critical setting.
3.11.6 VSWR over threshold
The TMB can be provided with an antenna Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
(VSWR) monitor built into the system (optional). The VSWR alarm is not an
exact return loss measurement, but a simple broad band detection of the
termination impedance at the Antenna port of the TMB.
The VSWR alarm sensor is capable of detecting a poor antenna VSWR, i.e.
when the antenna is not present or the jumper cable is defective.
The VSWR function is only operational between 5W and 20W output power
(37 - 43 dBm).
Nominal VSWR threshold is 4.5:1 (Return Loss equal to 4 dB). This will
guarantee an actual threshold between 1 and 8 dB (all phases).
3.11.7 TMB communication error
3.11.8 TMB fail
Not implemented. Reserved for future use.
3.11.9 TMA failure
This alarm is only used for TMB-1900 with external TMAs.
The current consumption of the TMAs is measured by the TMB and if outside
limits (<40 mA or >160 mA), an alarm is raised.
The TMA power supply also has short circuit protection which turn off the DC
The TMB is intended for professional use and must be installed by
qualified personnel only.
Please pay close attention to the following safety precautions before
handling, installing and operating the TMB:
• The TMB does not contain any serviceable parts inside. Do
not open the TMB.
• The TMB might have sharp edged on the heat sinks. Use
durable gloves when handling the TMB.
• When the TMB is in operation, the heat sinks are hot, up to
80°C. Do not touch heat sinks.
• The TMB does not radiate (microwave , X-ray, radioactive) by
itself, but only when connected to antennas. Do not touch
antennas connected to a TMB in operation.
• Keep clear of antennas connected to a TMB in operation
(microwave radiation).
• The grounding wire must be installed before connecting the
power supply. The grounding is protective.
• All cables must be connected before the TMB is turned on.
Please contact LGP Telecom if in any doubt about handling, installing
or operating the TMB.