Powerwave Technologies 5JS0084 User Manual

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Product Management

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2006-02-09

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PRELIMINARY PRODUCT SPECIFICATION

Wide band Radio Head

CDMA1900 MHz

Dok nr/Doc no

RH300000/100-201

Fil/file

RH300000_100_A.doc

Rev

A

Sida/Page

Product Number: RH300000/100 (incl. Fibre Optical Node)

1.

Electrical specification (typical values)

Applicable standards:

- Radio Transmission and Reception FCC

- EMC 3GPP TS25.113

- Environmental ETS 300 019-2-4

Frequency band UL CDMA 1850 – 1910

Frequency band DL CDMA 1930 – 1990 MHz

Gain, maximum 35.7 dB

Gain adjustment range > 30 dB

Gain step resolution 1 dB

Gain variation within each relevant band <2 dB

Max absolute delay (excluding fibre or

<300 ns

coaxial cable delay)

Noise figure including fiber optic interface at
max gain*

System Fiber optical loss < 10 dB

System Fiber optical link length 20 km

System input power range +10 to +40 dBm

Receiver input port return loss 14 dB

Power supply voltage AC 115 - 230 VAC

Power supply voltage DC (optional) 21-60 VDC

Power consumption max 210 W

*Note! If combined with other band, expect lower output power and affected noise figure

Output power* dBm/carrier
DL

4 carrier 26

8 carrier 23

Input and Output Impedance = 50 Ohms

Industry Canada:

20 dB gain bandwidth = 85.6 MHz

MHz

<5 dB

Utfärdare/Issued by

Product Management

Dok namn/Doc name

Dattum/Date

2006-02-09

Godkänd/Approved

SYKLK

PRELIMINARY PRODUCT SPECIFICATION

Dok nr/Doc no

RH300000/100-201

Fil/file

RH300000_100_A.doc

Rev

A

Sida/Page

2. Environmental specification

Temperature range -13 to + 131

-25 to + 55

Casing class NEMA4/IP65

3. Mechanical specification

Dimensions. (W x H x D) 17.4 x 20.9 x 7.7

440 x 530 x 195 mm

Weight 50 lbs

22.5 Kg

RF-connectors N-type female

Lock type ABLOY

Industry Canada:

The Manufacturer's rated output power of this equipment is for single carrier operation. For situations when multiple
carrier signals are present, the rating would have to be reduced by 3.5 dB, especially where the output signal is re­radiated and can cause interference to adjacent band users. This power reduction is to be by means of input power or
gain reduction and not by an attenuator at the output of the device.

FCC CFR 47, Part 15.21 Information to user:

Any changes or modifications to the equipment not expressly approved by Powerwave Technologies, Inc. could void
The user's authority to operate the equipment. Powerwave Technologies, Inc. will not be responsible for such changes.

°F

°C

Inches

Powerwave Fiber Optics Preface

User’s Manual

Fiber Optics

–

English

VM100 56/EN – User’s Manual Rev. P1A9-Draft 2004-11 i

Preface Fiber Optics Powerwave

This document contains descriptions of Powerwave fiber optic units. Most sections in the document do not contain comlete information for
building, installation, or commissioning systems and are therefore not allowed to be used as any kind of installation or commissioning guide.
Only sections specificly declared to be installation or commissioning instructions are allowed to be used for that purpose.

Hardware and software mentioned in this document are subjected to continuous development and improvement. Consequently, there may be
minor discrepancies between the information in the document and the performance or design of the products. Specifications, dimensions and
other statements mentioned in this document are subject to changes without prior notice.

Powerwave and its suppliers shall not be liable for any damages related to this product, or for any other damages whatsoever caused of the use of or inability to use any Powerwave
product. This is applicable even if Powerwave has been advised of the damage risk. Under any circumstances, Powerwave's entire liability shall be limited to replace such defective

LinDAS is a trademark of Powerwave. Microsoft is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. Windows, Windows 98, Windows NT and Windows 2000 are trademarks of

Microsoft Corporation. Intel and Pentium are registered trademarks of Intel Corporation. Hayes is a registered trademark of Hayes Microcomputer Products, Inc. Other trademarks

software or hardware which was originally purchased from Powerwave.

mentioned in this manual are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners.

Powerwave Technologies, Inc., 1801 East St. Andrew Place, Santa Ana, CA 92705 USA

Phone: [phone] – Fax: [phone] – Internet: www.powerwave.com

This manual or parts of it may not be reproduced without the written permission of Powerwave Technologies.

Infringements will be prosecuted. All rights reserved.

Copyright © Powerwave Technologies, Inc., CA 92705 USA, 1994 – 2004.

ii Rev. P1A9-Draft 2004-11 VM100 56/EN – User’s Manual

Powerwave Fiber Optics Preface

Contents

Abbreviations .................................................................................................................................. v

1. Safety ......................................................................................................................................... 1-1

Human Exposure of RF Radiation ..................................................................................... 1-3

Repeater Antennas ........................................................................................................ 1-3

Installation and Maintenance of Antenna Systems ....................................................... 1-3

Radiation Exposure ....................................................................................................... 1-4

Radiation Safety Distances ........................................................................................... 1-4

Static Electricity ................................................................................................................. 1-6

2. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 2-1

Fiber Optics in General ...................................................................................................... 2-2

Fiber Optic Transmission Versus Electrical Transmission ........................................... 2-3

Duplex Transmission .................................................................................................... 2-4

System Building Blocks ..................................................................................................... 2-5

FON, Fiber Optic Node ................................................................................................. 2-6

FOU, Fiber Optic Unit .................................................................................................. 2-6

BMU, Base Station Master Unit ................................................................................... 2-7

RMU, Repeater Master Unit ......................................................................................... 2-7

FOR, Fiber Optic Repeater ........................................................................................... 2-7

OCM, Optical Converter Module ................................................................................. 2-8

RH, Remote Hub ........................................................................................................... 2-9

3. FON, Fiber Optic Node ............................................................................................................. 3-1

Functional Description ....................................................................................................... 3-1

Block Diagram .............................................................................................................. 3-2

R2R Communication .................................................................................................... 3-4

Gateway Node ............................................................................................................... 3-5

Alarm ............................................................................................................................ 3-5

Power ............................................................................................................................ 3-5

Backup Power ............................................................................................................... 3-5

Design ................................................................................................................................ 3-6

The FON Board ............................................................................................................. 3-6

Indicators ....................................................................................................................... 3-6

RF and Optical Ports ..................................................................................................... 3-8

Connection Ports ........................................................................................................... 3-9

Operational Control ............................................................................................................ 3-11

4. RF Over Fiber ........................................................................................................................... 4-1

The RF Modulated Signal Paths ........................................................................................ 4-2

Downlink RF Signal Path ............................................................................................. 4-3

Uplink RF Signal Path .................................................................................................. 4-8

FOU, Fiber Optic Unit .................................................................................................. 4-10

Noise, Intermodulation and Dynamic Signal Range ..................................................... 4-11

Simplex Transmission ........................................................................................................ 4-12

Duplex Transmission ......................................................................................................... 4-13

VM100 56/EN – User’s Manual Rev. P1A9-Draft 2004-11 iii

Preface Fiber Optics Powerwave

5. IP Over Fiber ............................................................................................................................ 5-1

IP Network Terminology ................................................................................................... 5-2

Requirements ..................................................................................................................... 5-3

F-Net Characteristics ......................................................................................................... 5-4

Node Units ......................................................................................................................... 5-5

The FON Unit Net Interfaces ....................................................................................... 5-6

Network Example .............................................................................................................. 5-7

6. Commissioning ......................................................................................................................... 6-1

Equipment Required .......................................................................................................... 6-1

Commissioning the Fiber Optic System ............................................................................ 6-2

Master Unit Downlink Path .......................................................................................... 6-2

Slave Units ................................................................................................................... 6-3

System Configuration Examples ....................................................................................... 6-6

7. Passive Devices ........................................................................................................................ 7-1

OSP, Optical Splitter ......................................................................................................... 7-2

Graphic Symbol ............................................................................................................ 7-3

Examples ...................................................................................................................... 7-3

WDM, Wavelength Division Multiplexer ......................................................................... 7-4

Graphic Symbol ............................................................................................................ 7-5

Example ........................................................................................................................ 7-5

Fiber Optic Cables ............................................................................................................. 7-6

Powerwave Patch Cables .............................................................................................. 7-8

Fiber Optic Connectors ...................................................................................................... 7-9

Connector Types ........................................................................................................... 7-10

Handling Connectors .................................................................................................... 7-11

8. Troubleshooting ........................................................................................................................ 8-1

Index ............................................................................................................................................... I-1

Questionnaire .............................................................................................................................. Q-1

iv Rev. P1A9-Draft 2004-11 VM100 56/EN – User’s Manual

Powerwave Fiber Optics Preface

Abbreviations

Abbreviations used in the document, in the software and in supported hardware:

3G Third Generation mobile system.
AGC Automatic Gain Control.
ALI Alarm Interface (board).
ALR Powerwave low power repeater (usually called Compact repeater).
ALT Powerwave low power train repeater.
AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone Service.
AR Powerwave repeater (usually called standard repeater).
BCCH Broadcast Control Channel.
BMU Base station Master Unit.
BA Booster Amplifier.
BS Base Station.
BSA Band Selective Amplifier (board).
BSC Band Selective Compact repeater (board).
BSel Band Selective repeater.
BTS Base station Transceiver System.
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access.
CH Central Hub.
CHA Channel Amplifier (board).
CMB Combiner
CSA CDMA/WCDMA Segment Amplifier (board).
CSel Channel Selective repeater.
CU Control Unit (board).
CW Continuous Wave.
DAMPS Digital Advanced Mobile Phone Service.
DAS Distributed Antenna System.
DC Directional Coupler.
DCS Digital Communication System (same as PCN).
DFB Distributed Feedback.
DIA Distribution (board).
DIF Diplex Filter.
DL Downlink (signal direction from base station, via repeater, to mobile station).
DNS Domain Name Server.
DMB Digital Multimedia Broadcasting.
DPX Duplex filter.
EEPROM Electrical Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory.
EGSM Extended Global System for Mobile communication.
ETACS Extended Total Access Communication System.
ETS European Telecommunications Standards.
F2F Fiber to Fiber link (renamed to F-link/FLI).
FCC Federal Communications Commission.
FLI Fiber Link Interface.
F-link Fiber link.
F-net Fiber network.
FON Fiber Optic Node.
FOR Fiber Optic Repeater.
FOT Fiber Optic Transceiver.
FOU Fiber Optic Unit.
GSM Global System for Mobile communication.
GPS Global Position System.
HW Hardware
ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol.
IM Intermodulation.
IP Internet Protocol.
LAN Local Area Network.
LED Light Emitting Diode.

VM100 56/EN – User’s Manual Rev. P1A9-Draft 2004-11 v

Preface Fiber Optics Powerwave

LinDAS Light Indoor Distributed Antenna System.
LNA Low Noise Amplifier (unit).
MACID Physical address to RIA or CU board (comparable with Ethernet card MACID).
MRX Measurement Receiver (board).
MS Mobile Station.
MSC Mobile Switching Center.
NAPT Network Address and Port Translation.
NMT Nordic Mobile Telephone (system).
NS Name Server.
OCM Optical Converter Module.
OM-Online Operation and Maintenance Online.
OMS Operation and Maintenance System.
OMT16 Operation and Maintenance Terminal (replaced with OMT32).
OMT32 Operation and Maintenance Terminal (replaced with OM-Online).
OSP Optical Splitter.
PA Power Amplifier (board).
PEP Peak Envelope Power.
PCN Personal Communication Network (same as DCS).
PCS Personal Communication System.
PPP Point to Point Protocol.
PSM Power Supply Module.
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network.
PSU Power Supply Unit.
PTFE Polytetrafluoro Ethylene (Teflon).
R2R Repeater to Repeater (Powerwave specific network).
R2R net R2R network.
RAS Remote Access Service.
RCC Remote Communication Control (unit).
RCM RF Combiner Module.
RCU Remote Control Unit.
RF Radio Frequency.
RH Remote Hub.
RIA Repeater Interface Adapter (board).
RMS Root Mean Square.
RMU Repeater Master Unit.
RSSI Received Signal Strength Indication.
RTC Real Time Clock.
RX Receiver
SLW Sliding Window (Powerwave specific protocol).
SW Software
TACS Total Access Communication System.
TDMA Time Division Multiple Access.
TX Transmitter
UDP User Datagram Protocol.
UL Uplink (signal direction from mobile station via repeater to base station).
UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply.
VAC Voltage Alternating Current.
VDC Voltage Direct Current.
WAN Wide Area Network.
WBA Wideband Amplifier (board).
WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access.
WCS Wideband Coverage System.
WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexer.
WLI Wire Link Interface.
W-link Wire link.
W-net Wire network.
WRH Wideband Radio Head.

vi Rev. P1A9-Draft 2004-11 VM100 56/EN – User’s Manual

Powerwave Fiber Optics

1. Safety

In this chapter, the word ’repeater’ includes all Powerwave repeating units, such as
repeaters, hubs and radio heads.

It is necessary that any personnel involved in installation, operation or service of units
included in an Powerwave repeater system understand and follow the below points.

• The Powerwave repeaters are designed to receive and amplify signals from one or

more base stations and retransmit the signals to one or more mobile stations. And, also
to act the other way round, that is to receive signals from one or more mobile stations,
amplify and retransmit the signals to the base stations. Powerwave repeater systems
must be used exclusively for this purpose and nothing else.

• Units supplied from the mains must be connected to grounded outlets and in

conformity with the local prescriptions.

• Power supply units supplied from the mains contain dangerous voltage that can cause

electric shock. Disconnect the mains prior to any work in such a unit. Local
regulations are to be followed when servicing such units.

Beryllium oxide

Hydrogen fluoride

Authorized service personnel only are allowed to service units while the mains is
connected.

• All RF transmitting units, including repeaters, will generate radio signals and thereby

give rise to electromagnetic fields that may be hazardous to the health of any person
who is extensively exposed close to an antenna.

See the Human Exposure of RF Radiation section on page 1-3.

• Beryllium oxide (BeO) may be contained in power devices, for instance in dummy

loads in directional couplers (DCC), in combiner units (CMB), and in attenuators on
the FON board. Beryllium oxide is poisonous if present as dust or smoke that can be
inhaled.

Do not file, grind, machine, or treat these parts with acid.

• Coaxial cables used in many Powerwave systems have the insulation made of PTFE,

polytetrafluoro ethylene, that gives off small amounts of hydrogen fluoride when
heated. Hydrogen fluoride is poisonous. Do not use heating tools when stripping off
coaxial cable insulation.

No particular measures are to be taken in case of fire because the emitted
concentration of hydrogen fluoride is very low.

• A lithium battery is permanently mounted in repeater CU units, and in FON and OCM

units. Due to the risk of explosion, this battery must only be removed from the board
by an Powerwave authorized service technician.

• NiCd batteries are mounted on the FON unit. These batteries contain environmental

poisonous substances. If replaced, the old batteries should be taken care of as stated
in the local prescriptions.

VM100 56/EN – User’s Manual Rev. P1A9-Draft 2004-11 1 - 1

Fiber Optics Powerwave

• The FON unit contains a class IIIb laser transmitter that emits 2 – 5mW invisible laser

radiation during operation. Avoid direct exposure from unconnected laser transmitter

or fiber cord as follows:

– Do not power up the FON unit if a fiber cable is not attached to the fiber output

UL port, neither if a fiber cable is attached to the port but unattached in the other
end.

– Never look in the end of a fiber cable. The 1310nm and 1550nm laser light is

not visible, so no signal identification can be made anyway. Use always an
instrument, such as a power meter to detect signaling.

– Never use any kind of magnifying devices that can focus the laser light to an

unprotected eye.

1 - 2 Rev. P1A9-Draft 2004-11 VM100 56/EN – User’s Manual

Powerwave Fiber Optics

Human Exposure of RF Radiation

This section contains a few words about repeater antennas and prescriptions for
installaton and maintenance of antenna systems. Also, it describes how to calculate
safety distances needed for RF radiation at different antenna power and frequencies.

Repeater Antennas

To be able to receive and transmit signals as described in the first bulleted paragraph on
page 1-1, a repeater is connected to a donor antenna directed towards the base station,
and a service antenna directed towards the coverage area. A fiber optic cable from the
base station might, however, be substituted for the donor antenna.

Installation and Maintenance of Antenna Systems

Installation and maintenance of all repeater antenna systems must be performed with
respect to the radiation exposure limits for public areas.

The antenna radiation level is affected by the repeater output power, the antenna gain,
and by transmission devices such as cables, connectors, splitters and feeders.

Have also in mind that the system minimum coupling loss, typical between 25dB and
35dB, is determined by a standard with the purpose to protect base stations from noise
and other performance dropping effects.

VM100 56/EN – User’s Manual Rev. P1A9-Draft 2004-11 1 - 3

Radiation Exposure

Fiber Optics Powerwave

WHO, World Health Organization, and ICNIRP, International Commission on Non­Ionising Radiation Protection, have determined recommendations for radiation
exposure.

ICNIRP recommends not to exceed the following radiation power for public exposure:

Frequency Radiation power

900MHz 4,5W/m²
1800MHz 9,0W/m²
2100MHz 10,0W/m²

For antennas larger than 20cm the maximum radiation power can be calculated by using
the following formula:

P

-------------------

=

S

4

S r2uu

where

S = Radiation power in W/m².
P = Output power in W.
r = Distance between antenna and human in meter.

To tackle the worst case successfully, the calculation does not consider system power
reducing actions, such as power control and DTX.

Figure 1-1 shows the safety distance to an antenna due to the RF radiation. The distance
is depending on the antenna output power and frequency, which is illustrated with two
graphs in the figure.

One of the graphs applies to 4.5W/m
or 10.0W/m

The safety distance range in Figure 1-1 is 0 to 1.4 meter that covers an antenna power
range of 10dBm to 50dBm (0.01W to 100W).

Radiation Safety Distances

This section illustrates the safety distances to the antennas for some typical repeater
configurations.

Outdoor GSM 900MHz

Repeater output power +33dBm
Feeder loss –5dB
Antenna gain +17dBi
EIRP +45dBm

2

(2100MHz).

2

(900MHz) and the other to 9.0W/m2 (1800MHz)

The safety distance can be read to 0.75 meter in Figure 1-1 as the maximum radiation
power is 4.5W/m² for 900MHz.

1 - 4 Rev. P1A9-Draft 2004-11 VM100 56/EN – User’s Manual

Powerwave Fiber Optics

50

45

40

35

30

25

Antenna output power in dBm

20

15

10

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

9W/m2 (1800MHz)

10W/m2 (2100MHz)

Safety distance to antenna in meter

Figure 1-1. Safety distance to active antenna

4.5W/m2 (900MHz)

1.0

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

100

31.6

10.0

3.2

1.0

0.3

0.1

0.03

0.01

Antenna output power in W

Indoor GSM 900MHz

Repeater output power +22dBm
Feeder loss –5dB
Antenna gain +1dBi
EIRP +18dBm

The safety distance can be read to 0.035 meter for 4.5W/m² (900MHz).

Outdoor UMTS Standard High Power

Repeater output power +38dBm
Feeder loss –5dB
Antenna gain +17dBi
EIRP +50dBm

The safety distance can be read to 0.9 meter for 10W/m² (2100MHz).

Indoor UMTS

Repeater output power +24dBm
Feeder loss –5dB
Antenna gain +3dBi
EIRP +22dBm

The safety distance can be read to 0.035 meter for 10W/m² (2100MHz).

VM100 56/EN – User’s Manual Rev. P1A9-Draft 2004-11 1 - 5

Static Electricity

Static electricity means no risk of personal injury but it can severely damage essential

Fiber Optics Powerwave

parts of the equipment, if not handled carefully.

Parts on the printed circuit boards as well as other parts in the equipment are sensitive
to electrostatic discharge.

Never touch the printed circuit boards or uninsulated conductor surfaces unless
absolutely necessary.

If you must handle the printed circuit boards or uninsulated conductor surfaces, use ESD
protective equipment, or first touch the chassis with your hand and then do not move
your feet on the floor.

Never let your clothes touch printed circuit boards or uninsulated conductor surfaces.

Always store printed circuit boards in ESD-safe bags.

1 - 6 Rev. P1A9-Draft 2004-11 VM100 56/EN – User’s Manual

Powerwave Fiber Optics

2. Introduction

The first official demonstration of the fiber optics technology took place at the British
Royal Society in London, 1870. It was given by natural philosopher John Tyndall. He
used a container with a spout and water. As the water poured through the spout, the light
from the inside of the container followed the curved water path.

Figure 2-1. John Tyndall’s first guided light transmission

This demonstation was the first research into guided light transmission.

Ten years later, in 1880, William Wheeling patented a method to transfer light in tubes,
’piping light’ through plumbing. However, this never took off because Edison invented
the light bulb.

Alexander Graham Bell was, about the same time, the first ever to arrange an optical
amplitude modulated transmission over 200m. This was, however, achieved by emitting
light beams in free space. Graham Bell’s idea was not to use wire for telephone
communication.

In the decade around 1950, the first practical all-glass fibers was developed which gave
a success to the technology. It was Brian O’Brien at the American Optical Company and
Narinder Kapany at the Imperial College of Science and Technology in London who
was first to practically use an image-transmitting fiber-scope. Narinder Kapany was the
man who coined the term ’fiber optics’ in 1956.

Since that time, the laser and then the semiconductor laser have been very important
inventions making the technology to grow increasingly and also become a fascinating
and mysterious industry, where much of the technology has been isolated from
outsiders.

This manual is an attempt to open the curtain for a small area of this technology – fiber
optic transmission between repeaters.

VM100 56/EN – User’s Manual Rev. P1A9-Draft 2004-11 2 - 1