Porsche 911models 2012 Owner's Manual
The 911 | Contents
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The 911 4
The 911 models 18
Engine 36
Transmission 50
Chassis 64
Safety 78
Comfort 94
Motorsport 120
Environment 128
Personalization 134
Porsche Exclusive 154
Porsche Tourist Delivery 155
Service 156
Summary 158
Technical data 160
Index 170
The 911
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Porsche, Weissach
911 Car re r a
The new 911.
45 years in the making.
That phrase—the new
911—was first heard in
1963. Since then, it’s
been said many times,
yet never without merit.
It marks not merely the
arrival of another model
year, but a new milestone
in the advancement of
sports-car performance.
With this new 911, Porsche
engineers have once again
proven that no matter
how high the bar is set, it
can be set higher still.
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911
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· 9 ·
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The 911 |
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The 911
Descended from an idea, it’s spent its life chasing an ideal.
The 911 range.
The 911 stirs emotions in many.
Timeless emotions that
have been experienced by
generations since 1963.
Emotions that can also be
verified. Indeed, with impressive
regularity, the 911 is voted “Best
Sports Car” in readers’ polls held
by leading automotive magazines.
These emotions are evoked by
two characteristics: distinctive
design and inner strength.
With the 911, these characteristics
are born out of progressive
engineering above all else—for
example, the engines with Direct
Fuel Injection (DFI), the optional
Porsche Doppelkupplung (PDK),
the Porsche Traction Management
(PTM) active all-wheel drive, or the
intuitive Porsche Communication
Management (PCM).
Not only is this inner strength built
on technological achievements—it
also comes from the harmonious
relationship bet ween design
and functionality, and between
everyday road use and sport
driving. The 911 Coupe models,
the 911 Cabriolet models and
the 911 Targa 4 models are
the result of our engineers’
striving for excellence.
Over 45 years in the
making. The 911.
· 11 ·· 10 ·
The engineering of a 911 starts with its engine.
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The 911 | The 911
Two engines with Direct Fuel
Injection (DFI) and power output
of 345 horsepower and 385
horsepower. The optional Porsche
Doppelkupplung (PDK). Porsche
Communication Management
(PCM) with touchscreen and, on
request, a voice -control system.
All progressive technologies.
It would be so easy just to
sum up the meaning of inner
strength. We, however, prefer
to get to the root of it.
All of the 911 Carrera and
911 Targa 4 models have Direct
Fuel Injection (DFI). So how does
this compare with standard fuel
injection? The air/fuel mixture
is prepared entirely in the
combustion
having been
injected directly,
chamber after
metered and
with
millisecond precision.
From a technical perspective,
this means an accurate air/fuel
mix ture and, therefore, optimal
combustion. For the driver, it
means a distinct rise in power
and torque, and a distinct fall in
fuel consumption and emissions.
Porsche Doppelkupplung
(PDK), available as an option,
is based on a development
that helped Porsche racing
cars in the 1980s to dominate
racetracks around the world.
PDK, with both a manual gearshift
and an automatic mode, has
seven gears at its disposal. It is
like having two gearboxes in one,
and two clutches. Whenever a
particular gear is engaged, the
next gear is always preselected.
Gearshifts,
within
therefore, take place
hundredths of a second,
without any interruption in the
flow of power. In comparison with
conventional manual transmission,
PDK achieves a considerably
faster rate of acceleration for the
same rate of fuel consumption.
When compared with the
previous automatic transmission,
it provides significantly more
driving pleasure, thanks to
improved responsiveness and
greater agility—with the same
degree of comfort at a reduced
rate of fuel consumption.
In combination with the Sport
Chrono Package Plus, PDK
has a choice of t wo additional
functions beyond “Sport”:
“Launch Control,” for optimal
acceleration from a standing
start, and a “motorsport-
gearshift strateg y,”
derived
bringing
gearshift characteristics straight
from the racetrack.
display on the steering
notifies you when the
“Sport Plus” and Launch
An additional
wheel
Sport,
Control
functions have been enabled.
911 Carrera
911 Carrera
· 13 ·· 12 ·
The 911 | The 911
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The 911 Carrera 4 models and
the 911 Targa 4 models have
Porsche Traction Management
(PTM), where an electronically
controlled multiplate clutch
regulates the distribution of drive
force to the front axle according
to the driving conditions.
The steering wheel, with its
sporty three-spoke design,
feels comfortable and
provides excellent grip, even
through high-speed turns.
The standard Porsche
Communication Management
(PCM)
with touchscreen and
MP3
-compatible CD/DVD drive
is also extremely ergonomic.
Featuring
audio
a standard universal
interface enabling you
to connect and easily control
an iPod®, for example, it
is intuitive to operate.
enhanced voice-control
An
system
with word-by-word input is
also available as an option.
For all its advanced technologies,
one thing cannot be denied: The
inner strength of the 911 is what
makes this 911 the best 911 of
all time.
911 Carrera
· 15 ·· 14 ·
The 911 | The 911
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911 Carrera 4 911 Carrera 4
Character traits cannot be changed.
But they can be reinforced.
The design of the 911.
Every element fulfills a function.
From this principle, the 911
draws its inner strength. The
logical consequence of this
is the 911 Carrera’s very low
drag coefficient of 0.29.
The large air intakes on the front
end provide highly effective
cooling power and give the 911 a
sporty and dynamic appearance.
Bi-XenonTM headlights are fitted
as standard on all 911 models.
The indicators and LED daytime
running lights and position lights
are harmoniously integrated into
the separate front light units
above the outer air intakes for
an imposing look. The optional
dynamic cornering lights have
a swiveling module for the low
beams—visible engineering
for improved visibility. As
with the modified exterior
mirrors, which provide an even
better view out the back.
The rear end follows the design
cues of the front. The imposing
LED taillights are drawn right
into the wing and taper off to
the outside. Unmistakable—
especially at night. The stainless
steel tailpipes, designed as twin
tailpipes on the “S” model range,
are integrated seamlessly. Another
important aesthetic contribution
is the wheel design. Models with
the 3.6- liter engine are fitted as
standard with 18-inch wheels,
and S models with the 3.8-liter
engine have 19-inch wheels.
Specific to the all-wheel-drive
variants is the 1.73-inch
(44mm) wider stance at the
rear and the taillight strip,
which, as a striking design
feature, lends even more
impact to the rear end.
· 17 ·· 16 ·
In every respect, the design is
unmistakably 911— because
its form follows function.
And all the while it maintains
its unique appeal.
The 911 models
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Porsche, Weissach 911 Carrera 4S Cabriolet,
911 Car re r a ,
911 Targa 4S
What’s the effect of inner
strength? It makes it
possible to constantly
seek innovations without
having to change the
car’s unique character.
This inner strength has
distinguished the 911
concept since it began.
The evidence? A history
of success spanning more
than 45 years, and the
10 models in the current
range. Each one has its
own character, its
own personality.
But they all share the
same heritage.
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Model range
· 19 ·· 18 ·
The 911 | Model range
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The 911 has always had character.
Which one is up to you.
The 911 models.
The 911 Carrera.
The 911 Carrera S.
The 911 Carrera 4.
The 911 Carrera 4S.
The 911 Carrera Cabriolet.
The 911 Carrera S Cabriolet.
The 911 Carrera 4 Cabriolet.
The 911 Carrera 4S Cabriolet.
The 911 Targa 4.
The 911 Targa 4S.
Inner strength defines
character and manifests
itself in various ways.
Just like the 911 model range.
The models all exemplify our
ideal of a sports car—the
marriage of contrasts: sportiness
and comfort; functionality and
design; tradition and innovation.
These are the foundation of
the 911. Each model stands for
itself. And for a driver’s individual
requirements of a sports car.
For one driver, it’s about purity
of design and lightweight
construction—traditional
sports-car characteristics.
For another, performance is
paramount. Others like nothing
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better than open-top driving—in
classic sports-car style with a
911 Cabriolet, or in a supremely
individual way in a 911 Targa 4.
These are all very different
requirements, and, as we said
before, highly individual. It is
our pledge to meet them.
And has been for over 45 years.
The 911 | Model range
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How often in life have you wanted to change something about
yourself intrinsically and yet also stay the same?
The 911 Carrera.
Efficiency, power and sportiness.
These virtues are the basis of
the traditional sports car, and are
the essence of the 911 Carrera.
In terms of efficiency, its engine
has Direct Fuel Injection (DFI).
The power is provided by a
3.6-liter, 6-cylinder boxer
engine, positioned low in the
rear of the chassis. As usual.
With this power unit, the
911 Carrera is now able to
deliver 345 horsepower at
6500 rpm and a maximum
torque of 288 Ib.-ft. at 4400 rpm.
All this with a reduction in fuel
consumption emissions and a
six -percent reduction in fuel
consumption in conjunction with
the manual gearbox. Compelling
figures. Just like these: 0–60 in
mph 4.7 seconds and a top track
speed of 179 mph.
911 Carrera
The six-speed manual sport
transmission with self-adjusting
clutch, fitted as standard,
ensures that the correct
ratio is always at hand.
Sport y and imposing describes
the t wo single tailpipes. Just
like the typical Porsche sound.
18-inch Carrera IV wheels are
fitted as standard. The black,
four-piston, aluminum monobloc
calipers of the brake system are
extremely rigid, thanks to their
closed-type design. The front and
rear brake discs have a diameter
of 13 inches (330 mm) for
impressive braking performance.
911 Carrera
Other safety features include
enhanced Porsche Stability
Management (PSM) and
Bi-Xenon™ headlights.
Efficiency, power, sportiness.
Three virtues that distinguish
the 911 Carrera.
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The 911 | Model range
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911 Carrera S 911 Carrera S
It’s not only heritage that defines character.
Values do, too.
The 911 Carrera S.
As far as the 911 Carrera S is
concerned, the driver can take
this quite literally. This is where
performance is paramount. The
car’s performance values are a
testament to its inner strength:
a 3.8-liter engine with Direct
Fuel Injection (DFI). Power
output: 385 horsepower at
6500 rpm. Maximum torque:
310 Ib.-ft. at 4400 rpm.
Values that are impressive
in themselves: 0–60 in 4.5
seconds. Top track speed
isn’t reached until 187 mph.
Also available as an option is
the Porsche Doppelkupplung
(PDK), which improves
acceleration values further
still: 0–60 in 4.3 seconds.
And if you combine PDK with
the optional Sport Chrono
Package Plus, the sprint to
60 mph takes just 4.1 seconds.
Additionally, the sound produced
by the two stainless steel
twin tailpipes is characteristic.
Characteristically Porsche.
The four-piston, aluminum
monobloc calipers have a
striking red-painted finish, and
the generously dimensioned
brake discs make for outstanding
deceleration. These complement
the 19-inch Carrera S II wheels
with their sport y design.
The Porsche Ceramic
Composite Brake (PCCB) is
also offered as an option.
The Porsche Active Suspension
Management (PASM) and the
0.39-inch (10mm) lowered
suspension offer a balance of
ride comfort and roadholding.
For those who appreciate more
uncompromising qualities, the
PASM sport suspension with
a 0.79-inch (20mm) reduction in
ride height and a mechanically
locking rear dif ferential is
available as an option, whichever
transmission you choose.
· 25 ·· 24 ·
However, along with all these
sporting features, this remains
a practical everyday sports car,
as evidenced by the Porsche
Communication Management
(PCM) and the optional
dynamic cornering lights.
To sum it up, the inner
strength of the 911 Carrera S
is pure performance.
The 911 | Model range
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911 Carrera 4 911 Carrera 4S
How do you combine safety and dynamics?
With inner strength, for instance.
The 911 Carrera 4 models.
Outstanding driving dynamics
and traction are what the all-
wheel-drive variants of the
911 have to of fer above all
else. And they’re instantly
recognizable. By their wider
body—an extra 1.73 inches
(44 mm) at the rear wings,
and the wider rear tires. Also,
by their titanium-colored front
air-intake grilles and slats, and
seamless taillight strip. Painted
in black for contrast, the trims
on
the lower rear panel and
the
side skirts provide improved
protection against stone impact.
The performance of the
911 Carrera 4 with the
3.6-liter engine is 0–60 in
4.8 seconds, with a top
track speed of 176 mph.
The 911 Carrera 4S completes
the 0–60 sprint in just 4.5
seconds and reaches a top
track speed of 184 mph.
Both models are equipped with
Porsche Traction Management
(PTM) active all-wheel drive.
PTM has been optimized
outstanding driving dynamics,
which are also underpinned
by the mechanically locking
rear differential. In addition,
the traction offered by PTM
represents a significant safety
feature—especially in wet
and snowy conditions.
· 27 ·· 26 ·
for
The 911 Carrera 4 models,
therefore, deliver improvements
in both safety and dynamics.
However, this is no surprise to
their drivers, who see them
as an indication of their
inner strength.
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911 Carrera Cabriolet 911 Carrera S Cabriolet
It’s what we give every 911 Cabriolet: openness to enthusiasm.
The 911 Carrera Cabriolet models.
Irresistible appeal. This has
always been a driving force in the
development of the 911. There is
nowhere better to experience it
than during an involving Sunday
drive in an open-top 911. This is
why ever y 911 Carrera model is
also offered in Cabriolet form.
Technically, these models emulate
the performance of their closed-
top counterparts, with a 3.6-liter
or 3.8-liter power unit and t wo- or
four-wheel drive, including Porsche
Traction Management (PTM).
Offering uncompromising sports
performance to 911 standards,
no less.
The same applies where safety
is concerned. All 911 models
are equipped as standard with
full-size driver and passenger
airbags and the Porsche Side
Impact Protection (POSIP) system.
On Cabriolet models, these are
complemented by an effective
rollover protection system.
The optional seat ventilation
provides added comfort
for open-top driving on
particularly hot days.
· 29 ·· 28 ·
Incidentally, the 911 Cabriolet
models are Cabriolets in the
traditional sense: They have a
fabric top. This saves on weight
in just the right place—for that
low center of gravity typical of a
sports car, and for reduced fuel
consumption. Further refinements
to provide that irresistible
appeal, even in bad weather.
The 911 | Model range
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Top.
Here’s one consolation for anyone
forced to close their top on a rainy
day: You’re still driving a 911.
The top system of the
911 Cabriolet models is both
lightweight and robust. The roof
frame also has a lightweight
structure. The glass rear window
is scratch- resistant and electrically
heated—for excellent rearward
visibility. An integral rain channel
along the edge of the top removes
standing water to prevent dripping
when the doors are opened.
Operation of the conver tible
top is fully electric, by using a
button on the center console.
The convertible top has a
concertina folding action, ensuring
optimal protection for the interior
surface of the lining. It opens
and closes in approximately
20 seconds from start to finish
and can be operated when the
vehicle is traveling
up to 30 mph.
at speeds
The interior top lining is made
from a heat-insulating and
soundproofing fabric. Noise
levels are, therefore, almost as
low as in the Coupe models,
even at high speeds. So you
hardly hear anything at all—
apart from the distinctive
Porsche sound, of course.
Wind deflector.
The detachable wind deflector is
fitted as standard. It was specially
developed in the wind tunnel for
practically draft-free driving and
minimal wind noise. When folded,
it can be stowed in the luggage
compartment with room to spare.
Hardtop.
Optional equipment includes
a tough and lightweight
aluminum hardtop, which is
also easy to fit. The inside is
lined with a soundproofing
fabric which is matched to
the interior of the vehicle.
Win d defle ctor
Hard top
· 31 ·· 30 ·
The 911 | Model range
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911 Tar ga 4 911 Tar ga 4S
Remember what your mother told you.
You should see something of the world.
The 911 Targa 4 models.
Coupe or Cabriolet? We
answered this question back
in 1965: both. The result: the
911 Targa. Since then we’ve
refined it continuously. And it’s
become even more comfortable
and even more dynamic.
For example, take the drive:
The 3.6-liter engine of the
911 Targa 4 delivers 345
horsepower at 6500 rpm
and a maximum torque of
288 Ib.-ft. at 4400 rpm. The
engine of the 911 Targa 4S,
with 3.8 liters, delivers 385
horsepower at 6500 rpm. The
maximum torque of 310 Ib.-ft.
is available even at 4400 rpm.
More traction and more fun—in
any weather—from the Porsche
Traction Management (PTM)
four-wheel-drive system fitted
as standard. Like that of the
911 Carrera 4 models, the body is
1.73 inches (44 mm) wider at the
back, for an even more sporting
appearance and better driving
dynamics. The wider rear track
and wider tires allow even better
transverse acceleration in corners.
The electrically operated glass
roof is fully integrated into the
body and gives a sensation of
infinite width—open or closed.
Despite the large glass areas,
body rigidit y is extremely high
and loading comfort is
increased, thanks to the
opening glass rear window.
A complete decor strip of
anodized and polished aluminum
emphasizes the elegant lines
of the roof. It accents a tight
arc from the A-pillar back to the
rear quarter windows with their
characteristic pointed style,
for an unmistakable silhouette.
The rear section is accentuated
by the striking taillight strip.
· 33 ·· 32 ·
So the 911 Targa 4 models
combine design and comfort with
unsurpassed performance. For
a unique driving experience—
as they have since 1965.
The 911 | Model range
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Glass roof open
Roof concept.
Even with the roof closed, the view
upward is unlimited. Just like the
possibilities offered by the glass
roof on the 911 Targa 4 models.
Because you decide how open
you want to drive. At any speed.
Simply press the switch in the
center console. The glass roof
lowers. Now it can be moved
back into any position you want.
The automatically extending
wind deflector reduces air
turbulence and wind noise.
So you can enjoy open-top
driving even in damp or cold
weather and on long journeys.
The glass roof is made of
tinted laminated safety glass.
Combined with the electrically
extending extra sunblind, it
offers good protection against
strong sunlight or heat loss at
low ex ternal temperatures.
The glass rear window can
be opened for easier loading
of l uggage into the rear. It is
opened either from the inside
or by remote control from the
vehicle key. An electric closing
aid ensures comfortable closing.
In brief: The 911 Targa 4 models
have a special place, thanks to
the combination of a unique roof
concept and active all-wheel
drive. Almost no other vehicle
· 35 ·· 34 ·
Tailgate open911 Tar ga 4
combines driving dynamics with
function and design so superbly.
Engine
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Porsche, Weissach 911 Car re r a
First, the good news: The
engine is at the rear. It has
six cylinders and, naturally,
it’s a boxer engine available
with a 3.6-liter or 3.8-liter
capacity and VarioCam Plus.
Now for the even better
news: The 911 features
Direct Fuel Injection (DFI).
For increased output,
increased torque and
increased fuel economy.
Image 000003
Engine
· 37 ·· 36 ·
3.8- liter boxer engine
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The 911 | Engine
Why it always pays
to take the direct route.
The engine of the 911.
All 911 models feature Direct
Fuel Injection (DFI). The 3.6-liter
horizontally opposed engine
generates 345 horsepower, and
the 3.8-liter version has an output
of 385 horsepower. The results
are outstanding performance and
surprisingly low fuel consumption
and emissions values. All made
possible thanks to DFI, VarioCam
Plus, a lightweight construction,
low friction and a number of
detailed technical solutions.
Direct Fuel Injection (DFI).
With millisecond precision,
DFI injects fuel at up to
1,740 psi (120 bar), directly into
the combustion chamber by
means of electro magnetically
actuated injection valves.
The spray and cone angles
have been optimized for torque,
power output, fuel consumption
and emissions by enabling a
homogeneous distribution of the
air/fuel mixture and, therefore,
effective combustion. With direct
injection, the EMS SDI 3.1 engine
control regulates injection timing
individually for each cylinder, as
well as the injection rate for each
cylinder bank. This optimizes
the combustion process and
fuel economy. A hot-film air
mass meter takes care of the
airflow, so that the combustion
chambers contain exactly the
right mixture at all times.
At up to 3200 rpm, the engine
operates with dual injection; at
up to 2500 rpm, it even works
with triple injection. The required
volume of fuel is distributed
between two or three sequential
injections, respectively—for faster
heating of the catalytic converters
after a cold start and for greater
torque in the upper load range.
DFI improves the internal cooling
of the combustion chamber by
having the mixture prepared
directly in the cylinder. This
allows for a higher compression
ratio (12.5:1), which helps to
· 39 ·· 38 ·
deliver more output along with
enhanced
Injection is regulated by the
electronic engine management
system. The exhaust gas
cleaning system ensures that
emissions
the strict limits
emissions standard,
to protect the environment.
engine efficiency.
remain well below
of the LEV II
thus helping
The 911 | Engine
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22
23
20
21
29
31
2
10
24
28
25
11
13
15
7
9
8
12
16
5
6
3
4
30
18
27
17
19
14
26
1
Engine cross section: 3.8-liter boxer engine
456
429
400
375
345
321
295
268
241
215
188
Horsepower (hp)
161
134
107
80
53
27
0
1500
288 lb.-ft.
345 hp
368
339
310
280
250
221
191
162
132
75002000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000
Engine Speed (rpm)
911 Carrera/911 Targa 4: 345 hp at 6500 r pm, 288 Ib.- ft. a t 4400 r pm
456
429
400
375
345
321
295
268
241
215
188
Horsepower (hp)
161
134
107
80
53
27
0
1500
310 lb.-ft.
385 hp
368
339
310
280
250
221
191
162
132
75002000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000
Engine Speed (rpm)
911 Carrera S/911 Targa 4S: 385 hp at 6500 rpm, 310 Ib.-f t. at 44 00 rpm
Torque (lb.-ft.)
Torque (lb.-ft.)
1. High-pressure pump
2. High-pressure injector
3. Ignition rod module
4. Camshaft controller
5. Valve-lift adjustment
switch valve
6. Switch tappet with
integrated valve-clearance
compensation
7. Intake camshaft
8. Intake valves
9. Valve spring
10. Combustion chamber with
Alusil cylinder liner
surface
11. Forged aluminum piston
12. Forged connecting rod
13. Crankshaft
14. Water pump
15. Air-conditioning
compressor
16. Power-steeri ng pump
17. Vibration damper
18. Alternator pulley
19. Hydraulic belt tensioner
20. Resonance valve
21. Distrib ution pip e
22. Selective resonator
23. Intake manifold with
integrated sound chamber
24. Electronically controlled
throttle valve
25. O il filter
· 41 ·· 40 ·
26. Thermostat
27. Evacuati ng pump
28. Coolant jacket
29. Crankcas e b reather
30. Tim ing chain
31. Starter
The 911 | Engine
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911 Carrera 4S Cabriolet
VarioCam Plus System.
VarioCam Plus combines variable-
valve timing with t wo-stage lif t
on the inlet side. This results in
smoother running, better fuel
economy and lower exhaust
emissions. As well as greater top-
end power and low-end torque.
This two-in-one engine concept
seamlessly adapts in response
to driver input. The result:
instant acceleration and
extremely smooth running.
The variation in intake timing is
steplessly controlled by means
of an electrohydraulic rotary
vane adjuster at the head of
the corresponding camshaft.
To improve throttle response
during the warm-up phase,
VarioCam Plus selects high valve
lifts with retarded valve timing.
In the middle and low load ranges,
low valve lifts with advanced
timing reduce fuel consumption
and exhaust emissions. High
valve lifts generate high torque
and maximum output.
Lightweight construction.
The advantages of an alloy
engine are its low weight and
reduced fuel consumption.
The intelligent engine design
saves even more weight, for
example, by fully integrating
the camshaft bearings into
the cylinder heads.
Fuel economy has been further
improved by the effectively
designed oil-supply system and
the low mechanical friction of
the engine.
· 43 ·· 42 ·
The 911 | Engine
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pump supplies oil to the
lubricating points inside the
engine as and when required.
This means that the oil pump
does not work so hard when
there is less demand for
lubrication. The main benefit
of an on-demand oil-supply
system is optimal ef ficiency,
ensuring low fuel consumption
and reduced exhaust emissions.
Single-jet spray nozzles cool
the piston crowns with oil from
the main lubrication circuit—
another detailed solution
that helps to reduce the
thermal load on the engine.
For the engine, all of these
detailed solutions mean
a consistent supply of oil
regardless of gravi tational
loads, even in the most
demanding track conditions.
where each engine cylinder is
uniformly supplied with coolant.
In the 3.8-liter engine, the higher
output demands a corresponding
increase in cooling. The solution
is a more powerful coolant
pump and a more efficient
oil/coolant heat exchanger
expanded by two additional fins.
Ignition.
The ignition system is
designed for static high-
voltage distribution. Individual
ignition coils on each of the
spark plugs ensure perfect
ignition every time.
Integrated dry-sump
lubrication.
The purpose of integrated dry-
sump lubrication is to guarantee
a reliable oil supply while
reducing engine temperatures,
even in sportily driven cars.
The oil reservoir is located inside
the engine, making an external
tank unnecessary. Four oil pumps
remove the oil from the cylinder
heads and send it directly into
the oil sump. A fifth pump in the
oil sump directly supplies the
lubricating points in the engine.
To prevent foaming, the oil is
channeled through cylinders
known as swirl pots. In this
way, optimal lubrication is
guaranteed at all times, and
the oil pressure is always
maintained at the necessary
level in order to ensure, for
example, that hydraulic valve-
911 Carrera 4
clearance compensation
remains fully functional—a
condition that is crucial to
the power and emissions
characteristics of the engine.
To reduce power losses
and increase efficiency, an
electronically controlled oil
Engine cooling system.
DFI and VarioCam Plus enable
a tremendous amount of power
to be produced with reduced
emissions, fuel consumption
and noise. The same applies to
our efficient cross-flow cooling
system, as used in motorsport,
· 45 ·· 44 ·
The 911 | Engine
Information Provided by:
911 Carrera S with s port exh aust sys tem 911 Carrera S exhaust system
Air-intake system.
All models have a two-stage
resonance intake system, which
uses the vibration of the air as
it passes through the intake
manifold to increase the intake
volume. The system can adjust
to engine speed.
Benefits of this include higher
torque at low engine speeds and
a flatter torque curve.
The entire intake system is made
from lightweight plastic. The
air-filter housing of the 3.8-liter
engine has a variable geometry
that brings added character to
the engine sound, which
becomes much more
aggressive at higher rpm.
Exhaust system.
The stainless steel exhaust system
comprises two independent
and separate exhaust tracts. Its
catalytic converters are highly
temperature- resistant, and heat
up rapidly for effective
emissions reduction.
Thanks to advances in
emissions
converters are able to
technology, the
meet
strict emissions standards, such
as LEV II/LEV in the USA.
Using stereo Lambda control, two
sensors continuously monitor
the exhaust gas composition
for each exhaust tract. A further
sensor monitors the efficiency
of the catalytic converters.
· 47 ·· 46 ·
In addition, a sport exhaust
system is available as an
option. This can be activated
as desired using a button
on the center console.
Input data Regulation/control of
Information Provided by:
The 911 | Engine
Engine speed (from crankshaft)
Inlet camshaft phase angle
Engine load
Throttle-valve angle
Lambda Sensor® signals
Knock sensor signals
Temperatures – Coolant
– Intake air
– Engine oil
–
– Ambient air
Pressures – Engine oil
– Fuel
– Ambient air
Vehicle speed
Air-conditioning settings
Accelerator pedal Throttle valve
CAN interface with driving dynamics control, transmission control, immobilizer, instrument cluster, climate control,
Engine management system.
Air in engine compartment
EMS SDI 3.1
Electronic Engine Management
Sport button, Sport Plus but ton, sport exhaust system button, diagnostics, etc.
compatibility with the Porsche
Stability Management (PSM),
The EMS SDI 3.1 engine
management system
ensures optimal engine
performance at all times.
In particular, it controls the
position of the electronic throttle
valve (ETV)—a prerequisite for
which comes as standard.
Moreover, it regulates all
engine-related functions and
assemblies
results:
(see diagram). The
optimal fuel economy,
emissions and performance
in all driving situations.
Ignition
Direct Fuel Injection (DFI)
Idling via throttle valve
and ignition
Heating of Lambda Sensors
Fuel pumps controlled on demand
Fuel-tank venting
Camshaft position
Valve-lift switchover
(VarioCam Plus)
Engine fan
Starter
Oil pressure, fully variable oil pump
Fuel pressure
Another important function of the
system is cylinder-specific knock
control. Since the six cylinders
never all work under exactly
the same conditions, they are
monitored individually by the
knock control. The ignition point
is shifted individually, as and when
necessary to prevent damage
to the cylinders and pistons at
®
high engine speeds and loads.
The onboard diagnostics, which
are compliant with European
standards, ensure timely detection
of any faults and defects that
may occur in the exhaust and fuel
systems and notif y the driver
immediately. This also prevents
increased pollutant emissions and
unnecessary fuel consumption.
Servicing.
Every Porsche is designed with
longevity in mind, and the 911
is no dif ferent. The alternator,
power-steering pump and the
air-conditioning compressor
are all driven by a single self-
adjusting belt. Hydraulic valve-
911 Tar ga 4S
clearance compensation makes
valve-clearance adjustment
unnecessary. The drive chains
on the camshaf ts do not require
servicing. With the sole exception
of the spark plugs, the ignition
system is also maintenance-
free. This all adds up to long
maintenance intervals.
· 49 ·· 48 ·
Transmission
Information Provided by:
Porsche, Weissach 911 Car re r a
Image 000004
Transmission
The simple act of shifting
gears is one of the rich
rewards of driving a 911,
engaging the senses in the
transfer of power into speed.
The new 911 elevates this
act to a remarkable level
of sophistication, with
technologies heightening
those sensations as
never before.
Shift gears with the new
Porsche Doppelkupplung
(PDK), and the effect is
instantaneous. The gear
change occurs at lightning
speed, in mere hundredths
of a second, and without
any interruption in the
flow of power. Porsche
Traction Management
(PTM) has a similar
impact, creating a driving
experience of astonishing
clarity and control.
· 51 ·· 50 ·
As if one clutch didn’t deliver enough performance already.
Information Provided by:
Porsche Doppelkupplung (PDK).
The 911 | Transmission
The optional Porsche
Doppelkupplung (PDK), with
both manual gearshift and
an automatic mode, enables
smooth gear changes with no
interruption in the flow of power.
This results in significantly
faster acceleration and lower
fuel consumption, without
having to sacrifice the ease
of automatic transmission.
In total, PDK has seven gears
at its disposal. Gears 1 to
6 have a sport ratio and
top speed is reached in 6th
gear. The 7th gear has a
long ratio and reduces fuel
consumption even further.
PDK is like having t wo gearboxes
in one, and thus requires two
clutches—designed as a double
wet-clutch transmission.
This double clutch provides
an alternating, non-positive
connection between the gearbox
and the engine by means of
two separate input shaf ts
(input
shaf t 1 is nested inside
hollowed-out input shaft 2).
The flow of power from the engine
is only ever transmitted through
one clutch at a time, while the
next gear is preselected by the
second clutch. During a gear
change, a conventional shift no
longer takes place. Instead,
one clutch simply opens and the
other closes at the same time.
Gear changes, therefore, take
place within a few hundredths of
a second.
Clutch 1 controls the odd gears
(1, 3, 5, 7) and Reverse. Clutch 2
controls the even gears (2, 4, 6).
911 Carrera Cabriolet
· 53 ·· 52 ·
The 911 | Transmission
Information Provided by:
How Porsche Doppelkupplung
(PDK) works.
The crankshaft transmits engine
torque to the dual-mass fly wheel,
which is then channeled through
the clutch housing and onto the
multiplate clutches, or to be more
precise, the outer disc carrier.
Under oil pressure, clutch 1
closes and forms a frictional
connection with input shaft 1.
4 6 2 1
The torque is now transmitted
through the differential to the
rear axle or, in the all-wheel-
drive variants of the 911,
the front and rear axles.
At this stage, PDK has already
preselected the next gear.
Engine torque is already acting
on the other outer disc carrier
and, in response to a gear-
change signal, the overlap shift is
initiated, i.e., as clutch 1 opens,
clutch 2 closes. The non-positive
connection with input shaft 2
is established, and power is
transmitted to the wheels. The
3 5
R 7
Porsche Doppelkupplung (PDK) PDK function diagram
gear that is engaged is displayed
on the instrument cluster.
PDK has distinct benefits. The
very rapid gearshifts, with no
interruption in the flow of power,
produce faster acceleration.
Multiplate clutch 1
4
Engine
Semi-gearbox 2
Driving feels even sportier and
more dynamic, and agility is
increased. Depending on the
gearshift program, the gear
change is optimized for comfort
or for sporty handling.
The compact dimensions of
the gearbox reduce rotational
masses, which means a more
direct engine response, and the
system is more lightweight.
Multiplate clutch 2
6
(2nd, 4th,
6th gears)
2
3
R1
Semi-gearbox 1
(1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th,
R gears)
This, along with the long-ratioed
7th gear, helps to achieve reduced
fuel consumption and emissions
figures comparable with those
of a manual transmission. In
conjunction with the engines
featuring Direct Fuel Injection
(DFI), it has been possible to
reduce fuel consumption.
7
5
Rear wheelRear wheel
All-wheel- drive models
Front axle
Differential
With the optional Sport Chrono
Package Plus, PDK is enhanced
by the Launch Control and
motorsport-derived gearshift
strategy functions. In essence,
PDK combines sportiness with
efficiency and comfort.
What could be more appropriate
for a Porsche 911?
· 55 ·· 54 ·
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